1 50 17 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/f099e09b459432a901e78277b4b4bc5b.pdf 6587e9c67687858b8dff9e6e706be022 PDF Text Text Interview with J. F. Parker Tape 467A, Side 1 . . . Trying to get a special election in the county to improve the schools in a certain county in a district, a certain precinct of the county, and I was looking after a little county store for my brother-in-law and while he was not busy I was trying to get people to promise to vote for day the bond. He came to the store and said to me one.'i when we'd been playing checkers and I'd beat him two or three times, he said, "How would you like to teach?" I said, "Teach what?" He said, "Teach school." I said, ''Why I've not ever finished high school." He said, ''Well" says "I believe you could teach." Well that gave me a boost. I had never worked at anything where it's anything more than just common labor and fact of the matter, I'd left home when I was a boy, about sixteen, and went to work for this man. My job was not only putting in work 10 hours a day but when I got in from my work in the sawmill or in the woods, I milked the cows after dark. A lot of times I felt for something, I says, "I think the cow's out there, I felt her but I didn't see her." So that was my job and that's working for 40 cents a day and I worked all slUTITler and he owed me sixty some dollars and he didn't pay me anything. He just fed me, and I went home on Saturday night, went back to work on Monday morning and he owed me $6S. When he started to pay me, to pay me up, he said, "You know, if you worked on for me a little longer I'll pay you SO cents a day." Well at 10 cents a day, I jumped at it. that. I worked on a lot longer at ~~~~~~~~~~~~~- But in the meanwhile I was looking out for this little county store and the superintendent tried to talk me into going to teach school. I'd been away from home .thru high school. high school. Well You had to go away from home to There was no high school in McDowell County and there was an academy in the adjoining county down here known as Round Hill Academy. �2 It was supported by the Baptist denomination and was quite a prominent high school at one time. and Wake Forest. It was rated well with such places as the university They'd accept those boys and girls who came out of that school. And I had gone down there a couple of years ... and that tickled me and I said, "Yes, I'll take that!" He said "Alright, if you'll come down to Marion we're going to have an examination for those who want to teach and ------- so I come down here and I stood the examination and didn't think it was very hard, and got along pretty good 1 thought. good in arithmatic. I was always As I was really a year or two ahead of my class in that, I was always interested in that and I want to say this about arithmatic and mathematics--I have never seen a good mathematiciam who was a blllil. I have never seen a good mathematician that was a deadbeat. And I ... Of course, you say I'm trying to make you think that I'm the real thing (Laughter) because I was good in that and I went on and did the best I could in that work. So I stood the examination and the last day of the examination I was preparing to go back home and he saw me out there and he says, "Julius, come in here." I went on in there and he says, "The man here wants to hire you to teach school." And I says, "I don't know if I passed the examination or not." And he patted me on the back and said, "Don;t you let that worry you." (Laughter) He was going to send me on to teach school! Whether I knew anything · or not! somewhere. in there. (Laughter) So now he sent me He sent me back up here in these mountains and there's no roads Two-thirds of the way up there you were in the creek, you're either on this side of the creek and on that side of the creek and most of the time you're in the creek, and I finally got up there. Well I didn't know where to go to get a boarding place and I didn't know where the man lived that hired me, so I over across the field where there was a pretty rough looking place over there and I though I'd try to find out if something was over there. I told them Iw-anted a place to board. �3 The girl said to me, says, ''Well the school teachers always board with us when they're up here." I looked the situation over and it looked pretty rough but I said, ''Well, do you suppose you could keep me?" Says, "Well I guess so. Mother'll be back in a little bit. She could tell you." She came in, happy also, and says, "Yes, just come on in here and stay with us, we'd be glad to have you.'' The room that I's to, for my room, was a side room out to the side of the house and they didn't have any floor in the place. that. They'd laid plank down on the ground then put the bed kindly up on Well, you know what? I wasn't afraid of those people up there although they were some of em not much. But I wasn't afraid of those people because I'll tell you what I was afraid of. They's snakes all over the place and I was afraid to get out of bed at night on the ground. step on a snake. I was afraid I'd So I tried to stay in bed in the morning until I could see where I was going, but I never did get snake bit. But I'll tell you, that was one of my problems. I went on to school Sunday morning, Sunday school. And when I got there I hadn't quite seen anything like that that was going on there. TI1e young men and the young women had cornered off over there and the schoolhouse where they'd have preaching is about half as big as this, just a little place, hold 25 or 30 people, and these young people had cornered off over there and they kept doing something that I didn't understand what in the world was taking place. I kept watching to see what it was and I'd see em move this way and move over that away and on back around and I kept wondering, ''What's taking place here?" And after awhile I saw that they had a snuffbox, a great big old snuffbox, you know. And what they was doing, they had a stick about that long, called a toothbrush, made out of gum, and passed around to this girl and she'd put that in there and put it in her mouth and pass it on to her boyfriend and he'd put his stick in there and pass it on around. And they . . . most thing that bluffed me, I had known that people dipped �4 snuff but I didn't know it was like that. Usually, you know people chew tobacco, chew, and use snuff, they have to have a place to dispose of something. And where do you suppose they put it? On the floor. bwh r bwh! (Laughter) And I thought to myself, "My God! Just . . . bwh! Am I going to have to teach school in this place?" Well I'd gone up there like I was going to set the world on fire and I couldn't run off. My brother had carried me up there, (he) said, ''You're a fool for staying up here, let's get out of here 'fore we get killed!" I said, "No". I was staying. So :Monday morning ent over there bright and early to clean up that schoolhouse and it I w tobacco, tobacco had dried. And when I'd sweep that, it'd just, /\ you know, dust came up in my face. Well everybody up there told me about a little character who had given so much trouble that the teacher just couldn't do anything with him. He was just a little devil and there was no way anyone else could make anything out of him. looking for Avery. So I found out his name was Avery Elliot. Everybody had been telling about how mean Avery was. He'd tie the school up and he'd run you off and all like that. watching for Avery and sure morning. bit. I kept enough ~ I kept he came in with the other children one I said, ''Hello Avery." He kinda looked up at me and grinned a little All teachers were enemies of his. Of general principle, there was no teacher that was any good in his way of seeing things. of his to start with, he'd expect it. And they were enemies So I was determined that I was not going to have a fight with him. I had been a boy myself and I knew some of these things myself, you know. So I determined I was going to have trouble and I begin to try to get on the good side of him, but he wouldn't make friends. Didn't want you about. So about the second or third day of school, a little boy or a little girl one came up to me where I was behind the table up there. They said, "Avery has got a snake in the schoolhouse." I said, "Got a snake!" They said, "Yes!" I got up and went back there and says, �"Avery, where's that snake?" · (Laughter) He says, "Down here." I said, ''What are you going to do with it?" He said, ''Well, I guess I'll keep it a few days and kill it." I said, "What kind of snake is it?" He said, "Ah, it's an old moccasin." I said "That's interesting, where does those moccasins live around here?" He said, "Ah, they're up and down the creek everywhere. You can catch em any time." to do with it?" I said, ''Well, uh, what we going I says, "I want in on this thing. I want to help you see what we can learn from that snake." And he began to get interested. finally said to me, he said, "Do you like snakes?" He I said, "'No, I don't like em but," I said, "I'd like to know about them!" So we finally got to where we could make the plan that we'd get a big bottle. We'd put that sn:.ake in it and put some water in the bottle with the snake. And before we put the stopper in there, we'd cut a notch on top of that up there so he could get breath in there, and he'd have the water, and then we planned what he was going to eat. Well the whole school were complete1y· dtm1.bfounded. were surprised beyond question that I didn't take him up beat him to death 'cause he had a snake that day. by They the nap of the neck and · · We put that snake up in the schoolhouse and he said,"The eat crawfish and they eat spring lizards." "Well could we'"'catch I says, a spring lizard?" He said, ''Yes sir, I can catch one." So he went down there and caught a spring lizard and we put that spring lizard in there with the snake and put him up here on exhibition. he was my friend. From that day on I saw him not long ago at a bank here in Marion. someone call my narne--the teller or someone had called my name. ' Heard And there was .. an old, old man came over there, all drooped and face wrinkled, and asked me, he says, "Is this Julius Parker?" know me, do you?" I said, "That's right." He says, ''You don't I said, I looked at him and I said, " No, I"m sorry, I don't." He said, "I 1·m Avery Elliot". (Laughter) But the thing about it was that that kind of a school interested those people up there. And I stayed with it, I suffered through it and I had ... �SB where the teachers had been going up - and I'm a bragging on myself just a little bit - the teachers who had been going up there, they a lot of times didn't teach the school out a all but they got disgusted and just pulled up and left, and said the number of attendance there were always gotten so few that the teachers just quit and went on. But the day I left up there, in that school I had more children than I knew what to do with. Wife: We had a picture once of those, didn't we. Oh, I wish I had that picture. It'd be interesting. But those people are . different motmtain people of what I'm talking to you about than other mountain people 'cause it's a difference right here in this county when you talk about the motmtain people. There's a distinction between . . . there's different groups in the cotmty. They were hardy people. A mountaineer, a real mountain- eer, has gone through so much hard times and everything that they are toughened. It takes a certain amount of failures in life to make a person what they should be. I remember another incident about . . . Wife: Excuse me honey, tell em about the incident, said one day somebody called and said the snake was eatin a lizard. Yes! (Laughter) That's right. The snake and the lizard lived there together ever so long, about 3 weeks, 4 weeks, or maybe a month, before the snake decided to have dinner. (Laughter) Some child came to me and says, '~4r. Parker, they's eatin the lizard!" Everybody gathered up to watch him eat the lizard. (Laughter) Wife: Go ahead now. We had a wonderful school. The little children came and before I knew anything about teaching at all in those days, I figured out this: in many instances from the simple fact that they're not interested in what they're teaching. Y6u must become involved in what you teach .before you can get the pupils interested. Interviewer: teachers are a failure Arn I right or wrong? That's real true. �6 Another instance where the mountain people here, they're not easy, they're not easy to change their mind, was a few years ago, many years ago, it was about 1908 or 1909 in Rowan County there's a Negro down there by the name of Nat Crumb that tried to assassinate the sheriff of the county. to do it. He was hired And he shot the sheriff of Rowan County and they found out who it was by some means, I don't know what means, but they got after him and tried to catch him. Well he kept dodging the officers. In those days you didn't have cars., you didn't have phones, you didn't have anything like that so you could keep strictly in behind a criminal and he worked himself on into McDowell County. But pretty well scattered, they were looking for him and there was a warrant for him of $1,000 reward for his capture, He came here near Marion and they spotted him and had a shootout with the officers here and he ran the officers instead of them catching him. He ran them and he went into the woods and they were afraid to go in after him and so he kept working his way on up towards .farther and farther westward he got up here to Old Fort. Well I don't know whether you know anything at all about Old Fort or not . Interviewer: Not very much, no. Well they're a pretty tough bunch up there. people. It's a mountain town. Have always been, those mountain It was a town before Marion was ever made a mountain town, before it was ever made a town. Wife: The Indians had a fort up there. Yes, that's right. at Old Fort. And, uh. . . That's the first block where we stopped the Indians there That is from this way. Now Daniel Boone, he went from Boone back across those mountains that way but Daniel Boone never did come up this way. But anyway, Old Fort was an old, old town that has a population of 600 people, 6 or 700 people. But if you want trouble, if you're ever looking for trouble, why . . . it's available. Wife: (Laughter) What was you saying when I interrupted you? �7 So this Negro, he didn't know what he was getting in to. He had gone up there into the mountains and those people around Old Fort . . . now there's a rather odd thing about those mountain people up there, they were opposed to the Civil War. They thought that there was a mistake when the South tried to succeed from the Union. stay in the Union. They were for the Union. And they were opposed to the people who were slave owners, all this section south and east of us here. the people was :in favor of freein A Negro. Wife: They wanted to Come in Frank. And so these mountain Thi s i s our son, our farmer's son. (Laughter) We got him out on the Son: Wife: They're recording. They're recording. Well, I better hush, hadn't I? (Laughter) They were in favor of freeing the Negro but they didn't like the Negroes. They didn't want em about em. the idea? They didn't want em up there. Can you get So they wanted to free them, they thought it was wrong to do it, but yet they didn't want them. They wanted them to Sa.y out of their way. Well that feeling grew up for many years after the Civil War and this Negro who had been a shootin up these officers along the way here, he run on to Old Fort and they found that he was in that connrrunity. him. Someone had seen But at that time the Southern railway had what was called a helper. It was an extra engine that was placed at Old Fort when the train came through here with a heavy load going west. They'd hook this helper on to the train and pull it across to Ridgecrest and they they'd unhook and bring the helper back to Old Fort and wait until another train would pull up. So the people there in Old Fort was armed with everything they had, pistols and shotguns. So they's two boys, one was 17 and one was 18. One of em was named Linville Idle - that was the younger one of the two, and the other one was named Walt Porter. I think they were cousins. He was 18, I think that's the way. �8 And they were there at the depot that night, was a sittin there at the depot with their guns" ":. Well .' the engineer who was at that time running this, I ·- mean the engineer who was n.mn.ing this helper out to Ridgecrest came back from one of his trips. He'd just pulled across, he said "Lim, I saw that nigger up here on the railroad." I saw him as I went up. They said, " You don't say?" He's on the railroad." Said, "Yes, I saw him! and says--those trains as they went across there pulling a heavy load, they couldn't run fast on those heavy grades up there, you know--and "he tried to swing a train up there," says, "I'm sure he's trying to get away from here." And said "If you boys are really spunk to do it, I believe you could go up there and catch that feller tonight. l'm going back and pull # 35 across in a few minutes and I Ill take you up there and drop you off." I~ n Said, "we'll slow down, I'll have an understanding with the other engineer on the other engine." They had an engineer on each one of those steam locomotives, you know, in those days, and said, "I'll drop you off up there." Well, they made it up how they were going to do· it and so when #35 came up, that was a passenger train, he's going to pull across. These boys got on the engine with Ed Winslow and sure enough, they got to about Round Knob, that's 4 or 5 miles above Old Fort, I'll show you a picture of that directly, they saw him. Still trying to make his way across there walking and kept hoping he could catch a train to get away from here. And so as they passed by they slowed down and those boys swung out. Well, the plan that these boys had for catching him--you know you didn't have flashlights in those days, you had a lantern you know what an old time lantern was-- they decided that they would put this coat over the lantern and hide on the side of the road. And when he came up they could hear him walking. And when he came up one little. boy ·would .pull the light on him and the other one'd pull the gun on him and they'd have him. Well when they came up there, the boy that had the light in this lantern under his coat had smothered the light out and he didn't have any light. But they made a noise �9 and he said, "OH!" Like that. And when they did that they begin :.. to shoot. Now they claim they told him to halt and he wouldn't halt and they shot him, but the truth of the matter was that they shot him. whether they shot caught him. And I don't know g: running or whether they shot him, uh, when, but they Hauled;\back to Old Fort, Now you take boys of that type, motIDtain boys like that, and you can't head them off. They're determined, that stock in them was just simply so ingraded into their lives that they didn't like a Negro and they wanted a thousand dollars and that was it. But I've had other means to find out - talking about motIDtain people and the other more, possibly those who have had better opportlIDities than these mountain people have - besides these occasions to know that they are of a different background and they are interesting people. In 1928 I was working then END OF TAPE I, SIDE I when this crowd came in here from West Virginia or somewhere to organize this help at the Marion Manufacturing Company. I fotIDd that they was a marked difference in the people who were reared in these motIDtains, had moved into that village there to work,and the people who had come in here from the South and the East. We had two groups of people there and they all worked together, but they didn't think alike. So when this strike was about to come off, they had an almost even split in the people for and against the union. The people from the motIDtains, they just thought to themselves that "this has been a blessing to us that we came here and had a job." The people we~e working for have paid us very well. cash at the end of each week and we~e making a · living..'.and doing And the group that came in here from other places seemed to think that the company were thieves and taking advantage of the poor working man and getting rich. And so there's a difference in that feeling there and it developed into a very serious affair. Do either one of you know anything �10. about the strike at the Marion Manufacturing Company in 1928? Have you ever heard of it? Well it was quite a serious matter. It went on for ... finally closed the mill down and crune to the place where the people who were opposed to the union decided that they were going to work. if they could work to go work, and let them work. And the company told them they'd opened the mill and turned the power on And this group that was for the tmion, they was just as detennined they were not a going to work. line to stop them from going anywhere. 1hey put up what's called a picket Well, you can see from this standpoint that this was becomong a dangerous situation and on a certain morning and on a certain night, they tried to rtm--they were rtmning 3 shifts then--and a certain night, the night before the strikers had gone into the mill and interfered with the people who were working and tore down a lot of their work and crune very near to having a shoot out there. But the next morning, the officers were there to assist the people who wanted to work to go into the mill and this crowd was, people who were striking, were just as detennined that they were not going into the mill. Well, that was it, the sheriff was there and he told em when they gathered up around there, gangs of them 150 to 2 or 300 people, says, "now stand back, these people are going to work and you got to open this up so they can work." About that time one of the strikers had what's called a picker stick. You know what that Is? A Picker Stick? 111.at's a stick that's on a loom to knock the shuttle that away and knock the shuttle this away. knocked the sherrif down and jlllllped on him. killed him. And he off and Well when he did that, someone Killed the man that was on the sherrif. And from that, both sides went to shootin and when the fight was over, I didn't see it, it was a little before I went down to go to work, they was seven on the grotmd dead there and I don't know how many got shot up. Some of em had a bullet through their hats and some of them had bullets in their legs and everything else. down there that morning and it was kind of a sad time. Well I got Said, ''Who was killed, John?" �ll Bill was killed too. And so they was one fellow there by the name of Bill Twigs. . He was a character, he was , from back here in the motmtains. was on the side against the llllion, and he was cut all to pieces. knew where Bill got thsoe cuts on his chest and arms. And he I never Some said Bill calimed he's in the First World War and had to fight hand-in-hand with the Germans and other people told me it's not so, said he'd been fightin back here. He'd manage to get all cut to pieces. But Bill was in it and he was the one they had accused of shootin with a pistol in his hand and this story wouldn't be complete llllless you tell something about Bill Twigs. He never knew what the word "no" was. It did not make any difference what you asked him to do or if he could do it, the only word he knew was "yes". My boss talked to me about it one day and he said ' to me, he said, : You know, if I should go to Bill and say, Bill, I've got to go to San Francisco on a leave and just as quick as possible, I'm going to drive through in my car and I want you to drive £or me, Bill. Now how quick can you be ready?" Bill would say, ""In fifteen minutes!" He always got anything done in fifteen minutes. (Laughter) Bill was there that day and he had a part in that shooting and when he was tried, was tried and such a mess, never did convict or pllllish anybody for that killing. know who was guilty and who wasn't guilty. I don't But Bill was a character and I want to tell you ]ust a little bit about him because he was a molllltaineer of special interest to me. Like I said a few minutes ago, he didn't know the word "no". He's back over here till ... back in ... I think it was in Avery Collllty where Bill was from and he went to a flllleral. and Bill's telling me about it. A little girl died over there He says, "You know I went to a flllleral and they brought her to the side of the grave, the casket, said everybody just stopped and stood there. Didn't know what to do. Couldn't seem to know how �12 to proceed." Says, "I didn't lmow what they's a waiting on." Finally someone turned around, said ."I don;t believe we ought to bury her without having a word of prayer." Looked around and nobody never prayed a prayer in their lives, don't suppose. If they ever did, nobody'd heard it. Finally said to Bill, "Bill won't you lead us in prayer?" Well Bill had I reckon connni tted every crime that you could think of. And so I said to Bill, ''Well Bill, what did you do?" He said, "I led the prayer." I said, ''What did you say?" Says, "I told the Lord Mary had been a good little girl and I wanted him to take care of her." And he said, "Before I got through, I said 'We'll be along before long, better take care of us too. Make preparations for us.' " (Laughter) So I said, "Well how did you feel?" Bill said, "I felt good." And I thought to myself, ''Well it's a fime thing because it's possibly the first time you ever prayed or ever will pray!" Son: (Laughter) Oh Lord! I don't lmow what he's told you but another interesting story at ... you can't stay for a while, you could stay for three days and he'd still be talking. The flu epidemic, when he was working for Marion Manufacturing Company, just about wiped out everything back in '18. Flu epidemic was in 18? Yes. Son: Okay, That was an interesting story about you and the black fellow whose name I've forgotten. Yes, well in 1918 and 1919, there was the most deaths that I every lmew from any cause. It was the flu epidemic. talk here, heard about this flu? times of my life. Have you ever heard people in your ----- Will I think that that was one of the trying I never went through a time like that because it caught the people completely by surprise. just began to get sick. And people began to die. Nobody had warning that it was coming. The plant had to shut down, Nobody able to bury the Everyone was sick. People �13 people. To get a doctor was impossible and they's just 2 of us left. I was paymaster at that time at the mill and where we had 6 or 8 or 10 that worked in the office there, they's all out sick. 1here was one black man by the name of Hal Carson that didn't get sick and I didn't. For what reason, I don't know what I went through it because I was with it everyday. there and say,"please call the doctor. get a doctor." 1hey'd come in Somebody's going to die if you don't I'd go to the phone and try to get him but the girl at the office would say, "1he doctor can't possibly come. He's got, I guess 50 people here wanting him and he just can't possibly come. Well the first year, 32 people died in a village where the population was about 500 and the second year, the same thing with 29 died and my friends, people that I knew and everything. I told, uh, talking the other day, that I think it was the most trying time that I ever was. We hauled coal, the colored man delivered coal to them, he dilivered wood to them becasue we was selling wood and coal too along to help. The store was there adjoining the office, nobody in the store. People would come by and just want flour and meat or something to eat and I'd just dish it out to 'em. 1hey never paid for it. I kept a little record of it and went on til this dreadful epidemic was passed and I sit down and began to try to find out who owed what. Never could do anything much about it. So we just forgot it, 'cause the company I expect, spent $10,000.00 just helping the people, just for everybody. Now, those are stories connected with the mountain people. people are different. about it. 1hey've got a great background. 1he mountain There's no question But when this thing about finding out about those people, the time is so fast passing that what you called "Oral History", I understand that's where you don't have any documents or records of it--just what people says about it. It's soon going to be a thing of the past because those people are not mountain people any mote, in a sense of the word in that they are just like �14 any other people. times. I know you're tired of this. Interviewer: Son: Their children are educated and so on and it's a changing Oh no ... Tell 'em about Epler (?) Dad. Who? Son: Tell 'em about Epler. Well let me first tell 'em about ... now really and truely, when you get enough of this, be frank and say that's enough. I'm not sure we'll ever get enough, to tell you the truth Mr. Parker. Interviewer: Just either one of you say, "Well that's okay, We got enough for today." Interviewer: We don't want you to get too tired. Well, but first, I want to go back Frank and tell about this. had~been The crime corrmitted of the mountain people which is completely a closed matter. There's no way in the world ... Now for instance, what I started to tell you was this. Not long. . . Well many years ago "tis now, I was sitting one day at a desk and I wasn't very busy and I picked up a paper, a Morganton paper. At that time, the editor was Mrs. Beatrice Cobb (?) and she was the editor and I knew her in a certain way. And it was interesting to me because she had brought this out on the paper and made kind of a headline out of it and I got to reading it. And it said, in that article, says, ''We have been trying to make a complete record of the people who have been hanged in Burke County." And it said one of the famous trials and hanging was the, what? Silvers ... the name of that ... Silvers woman ... Son: Frankie. Frankie Silvers. Have you ever heard of Frankie Silvers? The only woman who was ever hanged in North Carolina for a crime and she was here in Morganton. And Mrs. (Miss) Cobbs said, "In connection with that trial, says, �15 "we ran across another hanging which took place in Burke County by the name of a man by the name of Ralph Noblett." Says, "I have searched my records here far as I know, everywhere, and I can't find anybody who knows anything about who Ralph Noblett was, what the crime was or any of the details whatsoever." But when she said Ralph Noblett, a bell rang in my brain. a person who knew about it. It happened to hit Now this crime was cormnitted before McDowell County was made a county which was in 1843 and we were at that time a part of Burke County. And so the crime was cormnitted in this part of Burke County but they carried him to Morganton to try him and that's where the trial was. So when I was a boy, a small boy, I'd say not more than 10 or 11 years old, I remember this story. There was an old lady who then was almost as old as I am now who lived over on that side of us. She had a daughter who lived over on this side of us and she walked from her home over to see her daughter occasionally and we were friends. She always stopped at our house and had lunch. she was sitting under an apple tree. And one day I can almost see that apple tree now. It was a warm day and we were sitting there and she told about the murder that Ralph Noblett cormnitted when she was a girl and even before the year 1843 this crime was corrunitted but she was a young lady at that time, or girl, and for some reason she was stmm1oned to Burke County as a witness. story of Ralph Noblett. And she told the Now it seems that there was a difficulty came up between Ralph Noblett and a man by the name of John Davis over hogs getting into the Davis' cornfield and eating up his corn. And knowing those days, can you imagine it, if you raised a corn field, you had to fence your land to keep the stock who was running in the mountains. that? You know . . . did you ever hear of So that was back in those days, so the Noblett's claimed the reason was he didn't have any fence. If he'd built a fence, it'd kept the hogs out. And he claimed that they were just downright thieves and (would) tear down any fence to go in there. And the trouble came up so one afternoon this fellow - �16 they had became such enemies, had such dreadful hard feelings for one another that this fellow Ralph Noblett decided he ' d settle it with John Davis. And he went down there somewhere and found John Davis going from his house down by the mill to feed his hogs, to feed his own hogs . He killed him, just hit him with a club, and he just came down across him and killed him and threw his body in the mill pond. Well, they caught him over in Georgia and brought him back here and tried him and that ' s where the end of it was . In those days, and I asked Frank about that the other day, they didn ' t bury that fellow, Ralph Noblett's body, take it back to the graveyard where other people were buried. But they buried it off on a lonely hillside by himself and as I used to go to school as a boy, the trail where I went by the grave of Ralph Noblett, there was a rock at the head and a foot there that ' s still standing there when I was a boy. I never passed there without feeling lonely . It felt like something about to . . . kind of sacred ground or something, I don't know what. And I went back to see about it several years ago and see if I could find that grave and long trees was standing there, that big arolilld, you know. It'd grown up and not a shadow. Son: Dad, you asked me about that the other day, why he ~~~~~~~~..-: was buried there. I referred to that story Secret of Harvest Home, where's buried outside the cemetery. Biblical. And I got to thinking about that and that is Do you remember the money that Judas took to the priest to give them for the betrayal? Judas, the Iscari ot \vhen he betrayed Jesus? He took the money to the church or to the priest and tried to give it to em . They took that and bought what became Potter's field and buried him there and not in the other burial ground and that ' s where that thing . . . I told you I thought the idea came from Europe somewhere, they brought it over here. But when I started thinking about it, it came from the Bible. the reason they did that . That ' s They wouldn't bury him out in the cemetery because �17 he was a murderer just like Judas was. (Laughter) Well I had wondered if you had run across anything like that where it was a custom that criminals not be buried in there. Interviewer : right. Does that . . . I haven't heard anything like that. But I'm sure that's I haven't . . . Son : Did you see Secret of Harvest Home . . . on television? Interviewer: Son: Okay. I've read that book. You know the woman was buried outside the cemetery . . . I'm internipting here, I gotta go . . . Interviewer: Son: Oh, no. That's okay. I know what you're talking about though. I thought that might give you some insight as to why Ralph Noblett was buried over on that hill and not in the cemetery, because the mountain people, the traditions that they brought with them over here, they stick to them very closely still now. If you get back in the mountains, which if you probably done, you'd find em. Wife: Son: I figured he'd tell about Efler(?) Okay, I thought that was interesting because of the circumstances of the hanging . He is the one they hung at Cross Mill and rode his coffin up . . • okay I ' ve got some business to attend to. I hope I see you before I leave, but if I don't, take care of yourself . Well I could go on and on and on but I . . . Wife: Well you have to tell about Efler? (Laughter) He was hanged in Marion. Tell about what? Wife: Efler. He's the one Frank had you tell about when you got off on that . . . �18 Yes that's right. County . Now they's only one man that was ever hanged in McDowell They've been men sent from here to Raleigh since they've had the electric chair and the gas chamber. Wife : Maybe you've had that told before. Interviewer: No mam, I haven't heard that story. I sure haven't. But he was the man that moved from Yancey County across into McDowell County and here at Buck Creek. I dont' know whether you noticed Buck Creek as you came in this away . . . right down here before you got to Pleasant Garden. back here in these mountains. Runs right And on the head waters of Buck Creek there's a man moved over there and he, for some reason, I don't know why, killed his wife. And he was hanged here in Marion, the only person that was ever put to death here in the county. He was a mountaineer, of course, and they said the whole affair was almost unbelievable. That they gave him so much whiskey that morning before they took him out there to bury him. I knew people who was, when I was a boy, were at who ./\ this hanging and they told about it. And told about how drunk he was . He was so drunk he couldn't stand and possibly didn't know when the execution took place or anything. of that rope. But there was a boy who worked with me who had a piece His grandfather was one of the ones who helped do the executing. I think he cut the rope thru the trap that took his life. I wanted to show you. . . . pictures . . . which was very co:rrrrnon in . . . I can remember . . . there's a man plowing , plowing with his ox. this fellow is riding a donkey somewhere. I don't know that one. called Uncle Tom's Cabin, surely nothing could possibly It's ~~~~~~~~~~- But these was old pictures taken back when the railroad was cut thru these mountains. shovel. And here of course, And here's some of the old homes down here that the mountain people often lived in that. that. There's something here Now those railroads, that railroad was built with a pick and They had no steam shovels in those days and they just simply had _mules and ... END OF TAPE I SIDE 2 �19 Tape 467B, Side I That's an old, old picture. Interviewer: This is a hotel in Asheville. And that's the French Broad River. Is there a train there somewhere? Interviewer: There's a track right there. There's somewhere where there's a train pulling that mountain that I was telling you about awhile ago. Wife: Is it over here somewhere? Well, maybe it's on this. Turn on the light and you can see better. Now this road was a1t through western North Carolina. thru the Swannanoa Gap at Ridgecrest. And there's the geyser. Old Fort. There'·s where it went That was all done by pick and shovel. By the way, they've restored that geyser up here above I wish you had time to go up there and look at it. Interviewer: Well that's really pretty. There's a train on there. That might have been the one that you were thinking about. There's the little train that was pulling up that mountain. grade there on those mountains. That's very steep I know you're interested in . . . Wife : You didn't get thru with Efler, honey. Don't forget him. Let me see, there's something here that I thought about. Now, uh, you 're talking about education and after the Civil War, the North never helped the South anywhere. After the war, the South suffered. They lived someway they could and it's right interesting to me to notice now that we even help Japan, �20 Gennany, and all those countries get back on their feet, but after the Civil War arolll1d we scramble~d lived somehow or another but there's nobody on relief. We were poor but everybody else was poor and we didn't know it. we didn't know it. We had horses and cows and plenty to eat. removed off of the table ever meal more than we ate. not to have an ablll1dance of food. clothes. We were poor people but We had, my mother We didn't know what it was We didn't have many clothes, had one suit of But there's nobody begging. Nobody living off food stamps. is a letter that might be of interest to you. 1bat there 1bat letter was . . . now my son who is in Texas, he is a dean of a textile school at the University of Texas. my yolll1gest son. He's younger than Frank. And he wanted this letter, the original letter, so they made me a copy of that before he took it off. And you'll notice that person there that wrote that letter could write pretty well. writing. 1bey never went to school a day in their life. after the Civil War and that was my alll1t. 1874. 1bat was 105 years ago. 1bat's It's very good 1bere's no schools And that letter was written on March 5, And if you could read it, it's quite interesting. You see, she . . . now this is one . . . she wrote on both sides of her, that . . . and see here's where it starts. And that's the second sheet over there. Read it out if you can. Interviewer: Okay. 1be state of Tennessee, Cooke County, March 5, 1874. Dear Mother and Father. I write you a few lines to let you know that I am well and hope these lines may find you and all well. it is a girl. I have another child, Her name is Tennessee . . . (maybe Ester, maybe). months old the twelvth of this month. She is seven Pap, I (Oh she's seven months old this month). No periods, no cormnas, or anything. (Laughter) Interviewer: Pap, I want to know what is the reason you and mother don't write to me. It looks like you have forgot me. all but I can't come at this time to see you. would come and see me. I would like to see you But I would be glad if you (She has a very good handwriting, she really does.) �21 I want you to write to me and tell me who is dead and who is married since I left there . I want to know what has become of Noah Southers' girl and if they are married. duce. Bacon 12~¢ Give them my respects . a pound. Flour 4¢ per pound. I will give you the price of pro- Corn 60¢ per bushel . Wheat $1 . 25 per bushel . I hear that the Bald Mountain shakes three times a day . I want to know if it's so . James is putting out a big crop on the Whitter (looks like) Luttens ' plantation two miles from Parrotsville. So I will close at this time by asking you to write to me and direct your letter to Parrotsville ML Bearhill Cooke County , East Tennessee . Now by the way, do you know who John Parrish is? Interviewer: The writer, the man who writes for the Asheville Citizen sometimes . You know who John Parrish is. Interviewer: Uhm, Uhm. Well now read this right here. Interviewer : Okay. . . there were widely published reports of volcanic disturbances about Bald and Stone Mountains in 1874. These are the highest peaks in the ridge of mountains a few miles east of the Blue Ridge between the gathering points of the head waters of the Catawba and Broad Rivers . Clingman's reports, articles, and addresses describe many phenomenon occurring in western North Carolina. Now that was not too· long ago in the Asheville paper . And this is referred to in this letter . Interviewer : That's what she's talking about, isn't it? Volcanic . . . Rather coincident, i sn't it? �22 Interviewer: I never heard of that before. anywhere in these mountains. I never heard of volcanoes What about that. Sort of like earthquakes and disturbances that way, wasn't it? Ulun, uhm. Interviewer: Well that's really interesting. It's rather interesting. Interviewer: It certainly is. She has a fine handwriting. I can't read aloud as well as I should be. But she couldn't spell anything, you know. She really does. (Laughter) She couldn't spell anything. But the poor thing did well to be able to write and in those days they just didn't have any books or anything else. Interviewer: Well at least she had it spelled where you could figure out what she was talking about. That's right. And that's what the English language is for.· out what's going on. Wife: (Laughter) To find Well, I don't know of anything else . . Are you not going to finish about Efler? Efler, wasn't that his name? Well, they, that's all they was to that, that I remember. Wife: He rode on his coffin to the gallows. Oh, let me see . . . that's something . . . the reason I have kept that, that was the uh, called Custard's Last Rally. You know what that was, when Custard and his forces were completely destroyed in South Dakota, I reckon it was. Dakotas. And I knew him personally. he was not a fake either. . .one of the The only man that survived that fight and Because he had papers to show from Washington that he �23 belonged to Custard's a11JlY at this time. And he had been dispatched with an Indian guide to go back to General Reno's office. back to Reno's forces and ask for help. slaughter. Not his office, but And he was away at this And I knew Mr. Knight, Dan Knight, and I worked with his som. I knew two of his sons well. One of them was a graduate of Duke University or Trinity College at that time, and his other son worked with me and I knew Mr. Knight well. And that's the reason I kept that, is because of the fact that, it's just because I did know the man that wis in that. you've seen that possibly. Interviewer: The only surviving .man ... (Shuffling papers) No, I don't believe I have. Now you know who Frankie Silvers was. Interviewer: Uhm, yeah I've heard of her. Well, have you ever seen that poem? Interviewer: I don't believe I've seen the poem, no. Well, you want to read it too. Both of them copies are the same. That's what she's supposed to have composed before she was hanged. Interviewer: Oli, I see. And she's the only woman to ever be hanged in North Carolina? Yeah, Uhm, that's right. Interviewer: It was pretty gruesome business wasn't it? It really was. Wife: Would you like a cup of coffee and a piece of pumpkin pie? Interviewer: Water'll be fine. Thank-you mam. �24 I don't know, goodness knows, that I was possibly the poorest prepared person that ever tried to teach in the world. demands than I could possibly fill. They had no vacation. But for some unknown reason I had more They was one year that I taught a solid year. When they found that I was not busy they asked me to come to that school and take up in the st.mlJller time when they's supposed to be farming if Now I don't say this boastingly because it's just as much a mystery to me as it is to you, why that was. But it's so. And so I went on and I was asked to be principal of the school here at Pleasant Garden. Now that was only when they had three teachers down there then and then they had a school that was considered better at a town called ville. I don't suppose you ever heard of it, it was a little place back in the Southern part of the county here. It was a gold mining region and they had some stores there, two or three stores. Two or three places that sold whiskey and so on. And so I was asked to come there and I stayed there three years and finished up my, what I had tried to do as a teacher there. And I folllld that some of the brightest students that I'd ever run into were right there in that school. That the truth of the matter is that they knew as much as I did and I had to study ever night to keep them fooled. (Laughter) I stayed up to midnight studying my lessons. And I kept them fooled til the last day I was there. had me cornered time after time. (Laughter) And you have no But I made it thru. ~ <lea how they (Laughter) I fooled them to the very end. Now I was talking to a young man, and I've had people visiting me here of all kinds of people, the poorest needy, like myself, and some of the richest, some of the high salary people, some rich people. I had a man to visit me from New Jersey not long ago who is a multimillionaire and he came to see me. still alive and he came up here to see me and talk to me. He heard that I was And I have talked to all groups of people of every strata of education of people down here, and I have always got something out of talking to those people just as well as to the person up here that was well educated. I had a young man who is the yollllgest official �25 that the Carolina Power and Light Company has ever employed to visit with me here not long ago and he and I were talking about what education means. where do we go to from here. Where have we come to, And I have made up my mind it's something like this. That you find very few high school students, now I don't know, I went to college just a little bit but not enough for it to do me much good, and I don't know how it is now. been 65, 70 years since I was in college. That's And that was Old Trinity College which is now Duke Univer· sity. In talking to this young man who is an official of the Carolina Power and light Co. he told me some things that he had observed and the very things that I am conscious of it. That education today is made up of so many graduates out of colleges and universities who know something about everything. You can't start to touch one of them but what they know something about it and talk to you intelligently about it. But when you pin down on some of them, "just what do you know about this particular thing," you soon have them cornered and they know a little about everything and not a great deal about anything. (Laughter) A young lawyer here was talking to me not long ago and he said his mother, now he was a graduate, he'd taken his degree at the University of North Carolina before he entered the law school, and he had, I don't know, 2 years or 3 years , whatever it is, you know, I don't know. I believe it's two years. after they finish their 'regular education. I believe they finished in two years .. And he said his mother was talking to him one day and she says, "Bob" says, "you amuse me". Says,"You know a littlebit about everything and you don' t know much about anything.'.' ''Y6u can't read, you can't write, and your spelling's awful." (Laughter) And he said he got to studying about it and looking at his writing and he said, "I couldn't read it, part of it. says, "I'd write it and forget what I wrote and couldn''.t read it." And like an old man back over here in the mountains, \ he's looking after a mans pasture over there, taking care of his cows. in town. He's a doctor. The man lived here Bought him a farm back there and had cattle on that farm over there and he wrote, ·this doctor wrote him a letter and told him what he wanted him to do with the cattle over there. And the man got it, the old farmer over there, got �26 the letter and he couldn't make out anything. to him. So he didn't know what to do. (Laughter) It was a lot of cooking bark Said he decided to come to Marion and take it to the doctor and say to the doctor, "Doctor, I just got your letter, I appreciate it, but I couldn't read it," and said after he carried on the conversation a little bit, after the doctor had quit thinking about him a telling him, he got the letter and so on, says, "Here's a letter I want you to read to me." Said he pulled the same letter out of his pocket and handed it and said the doctor looked at it a little bit and turned it up this way and he said, "What son of a bitch wrote this?" read his own writing. (Laughter) (Laughter) So that's the way Bob was. He couldn't So I was talking to this, going back to my story again, I was talking to this young official of Carolina Power and Light Company. He's a high paid man. I think his salary is about $45,000 and he has taken his degree out of college and his postgraduate. And I don't know how much maybe his father met. And he was talking to me about the same thing that we are about education today. And he said, "I'd like to see some of your books. Do you happen to have some of your old books there that you are talking about so much?" And I says, "Yes, I've got some. They're almost torn up." see em." Says, "How old are they?" Says, "I'd like to I says, "75 or 80 years old." He says, "Hunt em up, I'ct like to see em." Now I'm going in here and get some of those old books just to show you what we was talking about. Now I declare I got completely off this mountain story. Interviewer: Wife: That's perfectly alright. Maybe I didn't get enough ginger ale in that, did I? Interviewer: Wife: Oh that's okay. Oh it's good, it's fine. I picked up the bottle and poured some in it and didn't taste it. I don't know what you believe in religion churches. a Catholic (Laughter), you may be a Protestant. You may be a Jew, you may be And the same thing with you Judy. �27 Let me call you Judy will you? Interviewer: Oh certainly, certainly. And you just call me Jeff. Uh, but there's one thing about the churches that have been the most change taken place of anything in my life and I can't yet understand what is taking place. Interviewer: Now do you attend church? The Presbyterian Church, yes sir. Do you attend church? Interviewer #2: Episcopal. Well now I don't know about the Episcopals so much, but I'll take the churches that I do know about. Now you're the Presbyterian? Okay. where I was reared they had a Presbyterian church. Now in my coTTUTlunity Not right close to where I lived but they had what's called a United Methodist Church now and a Baptist Church in that corrnnunity. Well the services in those days and the doctrine in those days, it was preached to the people by, we assumed, a qualified and dedicated preacher, was so different from what they preach today that there's just as much difference as they is, I think, to believing Mohammedan and Jesus Christ, almost that same difference. Now in the church where I was reared they had, if you, before you joined the church you was supposed to show to that church that you had a change of life. That you were what they called a conversion, i:::' which means turning up and going the wrong(??)way, that everybody was born in sin and they had a certain amount of responsibility to God to change this way before you were accepted as a qualified member to join the church. Alright, now in my church the way they did, they formed what they thought was a conversion and I've heard people good and bad claim that they really had a change in life at a particular moment. That you were one way one way and suddenly that you became a Christian and felt in your life that that was so. Well they had what was �28 called a alter and as the preacher preached and gave the invitation to those who'd accept Christ to come forth and bow for prayer and kneel for prayer. Well, that's the kind of a church that it was and I didn't know, I thought, now I don't think your church ever practiced that. I don't really know the doctrine of your church. But I have friends who belong to the Episcopal Church and I know that we don't talk what and I find out anything about that. And after they were converted, they call a conversion, a change in their life. what they called a heart- felt religion, that you felt the change in your life, that you were a changed man. 'Then you were eligible to be admitted to the church but not before. would get up and preach about hell. He'd preach about heaven. really there was a hell, and I thought there was really a devil. was a heaven, I thought it was a good place to go. 'The preacher And I thought I thought there So I remember one night I went to one of these big, what they call a revival, and the preacher got up and preached the sermon and the sermon was like this. he didn't. He knew all about it. He made hell hot, don't you think And it was a tent meeting out in the country with such a great big tent out there. All the different denominations came in and took part in this and he made that thing real hot. a lot that night. here. And I studied about that And here's a little story . . . now please, let me make a request If you get enough-· of my talk, I want you to say this is it, that'll do for this time. END OF TAPE 467B, SIDE I Tape 467B, Side 2: and they thought he was going to die. and looked after them. didn't have hospitals. . . the In t hose days peop 1e went into community "" 'They didn't have nurses, didn't have doctors to come in, care of And they went in there to take I\ a sick man and said his friend was over there that night and they said that uh. . . the man, the sick man �29 got quiet, quleted down, and that man that was sitting there by his bed went to sleep! And said he had a dream and said this man, this was his dream ... he dreamed that his ... while he was there that his friend died. And when he died that he'd been a very sinful man and said when the man died said there's a devil come into the door. But he said before this devil came in the door, says a little creature about that high with horns and a tail and all that you know. And he ~aid that before this devil came in the room, the man died and said he saw the spirit of this man come out of the body and said the spirit begin to look all around, here and there, and everywhere, as looking for a place to hide. And said finally it ran out, the spirit ran out the door and they watched it, went across the road and off down like that, in the woods somewhere. And said all at once the devil came in and said the devil came in, told what the devil looked like, said he came up to his bed, looked at the man, the man was dead. Said the devil began to look for the spirit of this man, said he went and looked under the bed, and went and looked behind the door, and he went- - - - - - - And so after a while, the devil went out the door like a hound ... a bloodhound. He seemed to have a instinct or smelling to know where that spirit went. Said he followed him off over that hill there, and he said you know when that devil got down there, siad I had gone to the door and looked out and watching that and he said the spitit of that man screamed. everywhere. He says that you could hear him all over And he says, "All at once I woke up." Says "I got so excited in my dream',' says, " "I woke " and said "when I woke", said "the man was dead." Now he said that creature says, now if that part of the story did, if he actually died, the rest of this story's true. And he had me scared to death. (laughter) go to the mou01er's bed in a hurry. (Laughter) night, I went over to Oh! I thought better He had me scared. So that and I lived about half a mile beyond where my friends lived and I went with them along, and I kept riding because they were older men and hadn't paid no attention to it, of course. didn't want them But I was taking it very seriously, and I �30 to lmow I was scared. But I haa made up my mind along ago that the distance from this house to our house has never made as quick- by a hoyse or anything else. (Laughter) I lost no time (Laughter) because I didn't lmow where he might jl.nTip out you lmow, on me, yes sir. (Laughter) Now they said preaching is that, you lmow in those days, and they had what you called people 1vould shout They get up and say, "Glory to God!" Thank the Lord that the sometimes. blessings that you see If that thing like I have seen in that old ----- church back then should take place now in the First church in Boone, they'd call out the riot squad, every officer in town, the sheriff, and everybody else. Say there's a riot taking place. What is the truth? Interviewer: It's hard to say. Interviewer: I said that's hard to say. Hm? Some of the churches up in the motmtains way up in the mountains, way back, are still, still like that. They are? Do you have any snake handlers? Interviewer: There aren't any snake handlers right there around in Boone, I don't think. But there's some over in, towards Johnson City. some over that way. There's But I don't believe there are any, I haven't heard of any right there around in Watauga Cotmty .anywhere. There may be some but if they handle them, they don't, it's not real widely known I don't think. Well I have gone to churches when you leave a church you felt like it was good for you to be there. It's just,you had a betterfeeling,y0 u•·s just glad to be there and have a part in it. and dead. (Laughter) worse shape. And I've gone other times and it was so formal and dry You was sorry that you went. (Laughter) Interviewer: Uh, uh. You felt like you was in Now, you've been down to Beaufort. �32 Well, here's a direct example. You can size it up, put an interpretation on anything I say about this, but I know this will be so . The people in those days in the country church where I was, they believed in helping the needy. If you had sickness in your home, they'd go there and help in .case of sickness . If you had a death, they'd help you bury the dead . you planted your crops and yo~ If you were a farmer and couldn't cultivate it because of sickness in your family, they went in and cultivated that land for you . Set a day, the church would say "a certain day we're going to go over here to John's house and we're going to work out his crops." Now said, "every one of you come and bring your mules and your plows and get over there and you people with a hoe" . .. I don't know whether you've seen much of that hoeing going on now. But in those days, the hoeing, taking all the weeds out of the corn and so on, was just as important as the plowing or the cultivating part . They don't even plow now, they do it with spraying to kill the weeds out, you know . But then they did. Now here's an example of how seriously they took that. Now that was part of their religion. They not only claimed ,., , ..., to be what the Bible teaches them to do, but they put it into practice. When the Union Tanning Company came to Old Fort, they came there to Old Fort because of the fact that they'd get tan bark, what's called tan bark out of these mountains. It's an extract. (wood ground up and make an ooze for tanning leather hides. And a lot of those farmers quit the farm and went to Old Fort and got a job in that. Well they'd worked not five days a wecl) they worked six days a week from ten o'clock in the morning to six in the afternoon. Saturday and all. But they were off on Sunday . Well now here's an example where this church put their religion to practice. One Sunday morning they were in church and they said, "Well, how's John over here getting." "Oh, he stays in bad shape, been sick now for two or three weeks, and his crops going to grow up in weeds and nobody's done anything about it." And says, what do you know about it? And they said, "Well, I tell you what we'll do. Next week certain times we'll go over there and work out that man's corn crop for him." And on that day, they went over there and cultivated that soil. Maybe twenty �33 five men and plows and so on go in there, and one day they cleaned that whole man's crop out. And then on Sunday, the next Sunday, there's this crowd of men there at church and said, ''Well," said, " we were not able to get off our work to help," says, "what should we do, do about it?" One man said, "I'll tell you what we're going to do." Says, "We're going home, we fellows that didn't get to help last week, get a quick dinner, put on your overalls, Sunday afternoon, we go down there and finish that crop." Not only did they work 5, 6 days a week . . . now I don't know whether you call that breaking the saddle or not (Laughter). Does that answer your question? Interviewer: Oh, yeah. There was a man by the name George Truitt. heard of him. th e days. George W. Truitt. You know, orators. knew how to talk. I don't suppose either one of you He was an orator. There's just a few orators I'll tell you Appalachia used to have one that But that's before your day and your day. Did you ever hear of I.G. Greer? Interviewer: Uh, huh, yeah. You know who I'm talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. He knew how to talk. everyone else. He could quote you as such, he could quote better than And you'd listen to him ; he's boy, wasn't he? Interviewer: smart. And he was a mountain Over there right around Boone. Yeah, yeah, he was over there from somewhere. So I heard Dr. George Truitt preaching one night and he told this. Now he believed in what you called a heartfelt religion, not a dry formal religion that is more or less made~£ education and culture, and no emotion. There's a lot of people that �34 don't want to go to any church where there's any emotion at all. They want it to be just as same as if you go to a lecture, and anything else. A dry, fonnal affair There's other people that does not appeal to them, that they feel like when you go there, that I don't know, it's just sort of good music, and so on, and it's just awesome, just does something for you. ---------. And we call that sometimes, we call it emotion. So Dr. George Truitt who · served at one church in Dallas, Texas for 40 years, he went there as a young man, and he'd never held the pastorage of any church but hhis one church. He was there at the First church in Dallas, Texas and I heard him tell this. Wife: He came to Ridgecrest. He came to Ridgecrest , yes. Wife: He'd come up every stumner for a week. And he said that he was at a church and preached. \ ... ··, • And he said that some •I woman got up in the audience and said, "Glory to God!" (Claps hands) And begin to what they say shout. "Cause I was telling you about awhile ago when you were here, now if anything like that happened, they'd call out the riot squad. (Laughter) And he had, Dr. Truitt had a brother-in-law who was a medical doctor. And when this medical doctor who was at service saw this woman there, he felt like that woman was physically upset over something that she needed attention. got up and went back to where she was at. and said, "John, leave .her alone'.' And so he And said Dr. Truitt, said he called him So people changed. I heard a woman, heard of a woman, she didn't tell me this, belonged to the church where I belonged to. She said absolutely, "!don't want any of that emotion when I go to church." Says, "they can get up and preach a straight sermon or something or other." Says, "Appeals to my eye. Me, intellectually," religion stuff about me." says, "I don't want any of that heartfelt So there's a feeling in the world today between the two peoplP., the two classes of neonle yon take your choice. Pay your money. �35 take what you want. we The church that I belong to received about (Chuckles) three letters a year, four letters a year, reminding us to be sure to give the tenth. That was the Lord's. But I have never heard of anything that they did in return for the people who was giVing this money. But they always have somebody way over yonder in Africa, or Europe, or Asia, somewhere else, needs help. And they're trying to help those poor souls over there. say this recently. But I heard a man certain He said 11 if I were in trouble today ,11 says ' r belong to ~church, but if I were in trouble today," he says, " to whom do you think I would go? " 11 I says, well, I know who I 'd go to .' ' And he said ," I ' ll tell you who I 'd go to , I'd go to my banker first. ' (Laughter) And he said," I think I'd get some help there / he says, 11 if I didn't I'd go to my doctor ,'' says, ''he's a good friend of mine," says, he'll help me . 11 And he says, if I didn't get all I needed there, he says, then I 'd go to, my;' sanebody else. where does your church come in? 11 I says, " I thought they were to help the poor I and the sick, and the needy. ' He says, "Oh . (Laughter) Now that's the feeling. 'i) Says mark it off, says they don't. How much better are you off if you belong to a church, than if you were not a church member? mind? And I said, 11 well Is there anything in your If there's no reason for it, only to support somebody that you don't know where the money ever gets to them or not. There's a big question mark in my mind. And I began to think differently. What do you think about it? Interviewer: Well, I feel like there's a lot of churches where there's not very much spirit left in them. these days. And I don't know what to do. Well, I am glad that you're a young man and all and I think it's nice that you have that feeling. Wife: I think it's corrnnendable. One of our church members said that our preacher didn't know the scripture enough to preach from it and the people in the .audience didn't know enough to know whether he was preaching from it or not. (Laughter) Didn't know the scri~ture either. �36 Now there's a lot of people that believe the Bible so thoroughly that they can't figure out whether it can possibly be one pronoun or one adjective used for what's absolutely true, it's directly from God. Well I was talking to one of those, now I believe the Bible reasonably well, but the Bible has been taken from scrolls through the hands of people who have translated from those scrolls into what we call the Bible. Now I don't know any Greek. Do you either one of you study Greek? Did you ever study Greek? Well I am told that the word that was placed in the scripture there, that said that when the thief on the cross said to Jesus, "Remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom," if you've read the scripture, you've read that possibly. paradise today." And he says to him, "Behold thou shalt be with me in Now I'm told by a Greek scholar that that word where it was translated there, into paradise, the very identical same Greek word as translated in other places in the Bible was the word death. So here you are. 1bat's what people think, paradise is a certain place that Jesus is talking about, special place that you, we will be there together in paradise. 1be other thing said that it didn't mean a thing more than what Jesus said back to him. going to die. (Laughter) Same Greek word. that, one in particular, I pin down on him. Today we're both And I've asked Greek students about I said I want you to look word up for me and tell me for sure what it means. that And he went off and says well I have to look up my, and I never could get anything more out of him, I don't know where · he got stalled, didn't know what he was talking about, just didn't want to talk. Now I'll tell you another instance if you're a Bible student and read the Bible, where there's a difference that's questionable. In Matthew, in the gospel of Matthew, it said when Peter denied Christ, that there's a girl come to Peter, says, "You're one of His followers." And he said, "No, no I'm not." And then Matthew goes on to say that later on another woman said to him "Surely thou art one of His followers because you speak of as Galileans speak," had kind of a different accent on the way, and he denied it again. And then a third time a man �37 said to him, "I know you are one of . . . " and he denied him a third time. Well, now what does, what does ~ays Luke, Gospel of Luke say about it? The Luke this, Luke says, "And a girl," a damsel I believe it says, said to Peter that "you are a follower of Jesus Christ." And he said, "I'm not, I'm not a follower of His." And then Luke says, a man said to him, "You are." He denied it again. Then another man said to him, "Thou art," Now there's two, there's two just point out little things like that that you have to allow things like that. One gospel said that there's two women and a man. two men and a wol'Tlan. The other one says there's Now when you say that the whole Bible is ever word true, that I don't say that the trouble is with the Bible originally, but it's gone through so many hands and the translations, been translated and translated. The fact of the matter is when the King James, now if I'm wrong about this, you correct me, you've possibl s t udied this, when King James had the Bible translated <yes the from the Greek from th); New Testament is in Greek I believe and Old Bible's in Hebrew. When they had that . . . when they's appointed some monks, King James appointed some monks and there's one he~ kinda head monk who was seemed to be the thing that ran things and they picked up all these different scrolls and decided then and there which were the scrolls that should go in the Bible, and they classified them and ever since then everybody says this is the Bible, it's all true. I don't believe, just be honest about it, I don't believe the book of Job and the book of Jonah, swallowing the whale. Wife: You know that story. Jonah didn't swallow the whale, the whale swallowed Jonah. (Laughter). I don't think that was ever intended to be put in the Bible. exactly like the book Pilgrim's Progress. Don't know whether you ever heard of the Pilgrim's Progress? The Pilgrim's ..ProgTess is the story as simply fiction. I think that It was never intended being there. I think it was of~ Christian's life the book of Job, was a work of fiction. It's a good book, it teaches us a lot of good things to live by, and all like that, but to say it was a direct work from God �38 be nrinted like that. Now for instance in that book of Job, now please stop me if you get tired of this stuff. Interviewers: No. Wife: You've talked enough for all day. Interviewer: Go ahead. (Lau12:hter) In the book of Job, it said . I think it's in the chapter, second chapter of Job, it said that t.he nevil accompanied by somebody came before God in passing and it said, the devil said to God. he said, the devil said, "if vou turn your back on people and are not a friend to them," says, "none of em will serve you. What people serve God for is the good they get out of it, financially and things like that." And God said to the devil, "Have you considered my servant Job?" And the devil said. "If you turn your back on Job or turn him over to me and let me deal with him, you' 11 find he' 11 turn his back on you too." And said the Lord permitted him to be turned over to the devil. Now can you imagine, can you imagine that God/ the Creator of the heavens and the Earth and everything to the stars would have a little enough care for a creature to turn him over to the devil? Just to prove to the man, you can't prove anvthing to the devil, turn him over to him and let him ... vou know the boils he went through, sores, how his property was taken from him1 sons killed and all that. Can you imagine our creator and a man who has created the heavens and the Earth, things like eternal that is just so unreasonable that I just simply can't accept it. God he is, we're in bad shape. (Laughter) END OF TAPE If that's the kind of � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Parker, J. F. Location The location of the interview. McDowell County, NC Number of pages 38 pages Date digitized 9/23/2014 File size 25.8MB Checksum alphanumeric code 7f2651391849c681b3916ffa79f9c215 Scanned by Tony Grady Equipment Epson Expression 10000 XL Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal; non-commercial; and educational use; provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965-1989; W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Special Collections; Appalachian State University; Boone; NC). Any commercial use of the materials; without the written permission of the Appalachian State University; is strictly prohibited. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AC.111 Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965 - 1989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape467_JFParker_transcript_M Title A name given to the resource Interview with J.F. Parker Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Parker, J.F. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Subject The topic of the resource Appalachians (People)--North Carolina--Marion County Appalachians (People)--North Carolina--McDowell County Appalachians (People)--North Carolina--Rowan County Marion County (N.C.)--Social life and customs McDowell County (N.C.)--Social life and customs Rowan County (N.C.)--Social life and customs Parker, J. F. Description An account of the resource J.F. Parker talks about his experience as a teacher with the mountain people living in Old Fort. Although he had never finished high school, he got a job as a teacher. He said: "He was going to send me on to teach school whether I knew anything or not." He talks about the hardships living up there, how school attendance was often very low and the kids brought snakes to the schoolhouse. He says the mountain people were a different breed of folk and they understood that "it takes a certain amount of failure in life to make a person what they should be." They were hardened, but strong and firm. Civil War Custard's Last Rally Custard's Last Stand Episcopal Church flu epidemic Frankie Silvers hangings J.F. Parker Marion County N.C. Marion Manufacturing Company McDowell County N.C. Morganton mountain people Old Fort Presbyterian Church railroad Ralph Noblett Rowan County schoolhouse Sunday School teaching https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/43395a413921417dae7245f68e238901.pdf b25813346867e8597f1d7abf616b108f PDF Text Text Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, Tape 79 Interviewee: Ted Potter Interviewer: Karalyn Shelton Date: 12 June 1973 Transcriber: J. McTaggart Karalyn Shelton: This is an interview with Mr. Ted Potter for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Karalyn Shelton at Mr. Potter's home on June 12th, 1973. Okay, where were you born, Mr. Potter? Ted Potter: I was born up, back up there on the mountain. KS: In this area? TP: Yes. KS: Okay. What year were you born in? TP: 1908. KS: Okay. Uh, do you know Tamarack got its name? TP: Mm no. I don't know unless they got it from the Tamaracks and [inaudible]. KS: Okay, well um has anything happened in this community that you can think of that really changed it? TP: It's changed a lot. They made that road. Roads are getting better. KS: They're better now. TP: Yeah. KS: How did they used to be? Female voice: [Inaudible]. TP: [Inaudible] rocky... KS: Okay, do you know who some of the first settlers were in this area? TP: The first settlers? KS: Mm hm, what families? TP: I reckon it was the Mains and Potters. KS: Okay, what were your parents' names? TP: Johno Potter and Lily Potter. �KS: Where were they born? TP: Well, I think Mama was born right here in the barn, wasn't she... FV: I think so. KS: Well, where was your daddy born, just in this area? TP: Yeah, he must've been born...l wanna say, I believe he was born back up on the mountain. KS: Well, how many children were there in your family? TP: In my family? KS: Yeah. TP: Eleven. KS: Eleven? TP: Yeah. KS: Well, what are their names and ages? TP: [Inaudible] Female voice: [Inaudible] KS: Who came after Bert? TP: [Inaudible] and then Lady Bell and then Boyd... KS: You wanna read 'em to me? Female voice: No, I can't see [inaudible]... KS: Well after Lady Bell was Boyd then Nel and then Rosimer (?) then Ted Ward, Bonnie Lou and born in 1908, and then Ms. [inaudible] was born in 1910, okay. Well, what about your family, your mama and daddy's family. How many young'uns was in that family? TP: Five of us. KS: What were all their names? TP: Well, uh there's... Female voice: There's Ted and Ennie (?) and Nan (?) and Charles and Rob of the [inaudible] first family. Wasn't there? TP: Yeah and then there's seven in the last one. �FV: Well, we'll have to count 'em up I don't know how many. There's uh Fred and Howard and Dane and Velma and Juanita, they call her Tu, who's the other ones? TP:Johno. FV: Yeah, Johno. That's six. TP: And Bart. FV: Bart's seven. KS: That's a big family. FV: I believe that's all of them. Then they've got three, three of the...one of the first one's to join [inaudible]... TP: Two, two's dead... FV: Two's dead. KS: Well, what did your daddy do for a living? TP: Well, he uh carried the mail and... FV: I give up [inaudible]. KS: He logged? TP: Yeah, yeah, he logged for years when he wasn't carrying the mail. KS: Well, how did he carry the mail? TP: Well, he walked to the post office down here at the forks of the road up on the mountain and then he'd ride from [inaudible] to uh [inaudible]. KS: So he walked and rode the horse? TP: Yes, KS: Well, um how much land did your daddy have? TP: I believe this whole town. Well, when he was dying he was still in charge of 150 acres [inaudible]. KS: Well, did you move a lot or did you just stay around in this area? TP: [Inaudible] You mean did he move or? KS: No, you. TP: No, I've lived right here all my life ever since I've been married and that's forty...43 years? �FV: I don't know! [Inaudible] TP: [Chuckles] KS: But you've lived in this house right here for all them many years? TP: No; we lived in an old house. FV: No, we lived in a little ol' box house up here in [inaudible]. TP: I guess I moved well about 20 feet still from [inaudible]. KS: Mm hm, well where did you go to school? TP: Down here at [inaudible] down by the post office. KS: How many years did you get to go to school? TP: Well, I didn't, well I [inaudible] third grade. I [inaudible] didn't go much. KS: How many months did they have school out of the year? FV: Six back then I think! TP: Yeah, they had [inaudible] six months out of the year. KS: Well, what were the teachers like? TP: Well, there's uh Charlotte Thompson was my teacher [chuckles] and Ms. Rainy. She's a middle age woman, wasn't she? FV:Yeah. TP: Uh, Louise Sutherland, you remember her don't you? How she looked? KS: No, I don't believe I can. TP: She teach school down here. [Inaudible] them [inaudible] that lives over there in the Cove Creek they teach down here. [Inaudible] Weinberger he teach down here. KS: Well, what were they like, were they strict with you? TP: Yeah, they [inaudible] up on you. Well, they'd take kids back down uh make them [inaudible]. I reckon they're meaner now. They're now [inaudible]. They had to be rough on us [chuckles]. KS: How were they meaner? TP: [Inaudible] just [inaudible] right there. You know where [inaudible] and stuff like that. They wasn't uh they hit, when I [inaudible] beat up on you and I reckon it'd make you a lot meaner. �KS: Oh well, what kind of punishment did they have? TP: Well, they'd [inaudible] roots with a [inaudible]. KS: Well, what subjects did they teach? TP: You mean in Boone? KS: Uh huh. TP: Here at [inaudible] I don't know what it really, I forget really what was the highest grades. Back then they had these old timey primers. You know when you first start middle school. KS: Well, did you just have a primer in the first grade? TP: Yeah, that's all we had just... FV: They had ABC's and [inaudible]. TP: Yeah, you just had back in them days there wasn't like [inaudible]. [Inaudible] uh saw mills, logs and timber. KS: Mm hm. TP: And you had to do all the work [inaudible] with horse and mules and steers and oxens would haul 'em. KS: Well, did your whole family get to go to school? TP: Yes, they all went a little, I reckon. KS: Have the schools changed much over the years? TP: Oh yeah, they've changed a lot. KS: How have they changed? TP: Well, you see they put this transportation on and they cut these schools out of the settlements. And put the buses on them see takes uh the kids there. KS: What was the first job you ever had? TP: Well I, I've logged. I've logged here. It wasn't too long. [Inaudible] with a hoe was. Back then you didn't have no work [inaudible]. KS: Well, what else did they have besides the hoe? �TP: Maybe some old turning [inaudible] you turn the ground and then I don't reckon there's any [inaudible] back in them days. One of these old wooden [inaudible] and most of 'em just go over and cut 'em [inaudible] brash, stone brash [inaudible]. KS: Oh, well did you do any... FV: [Inaudible] just a dollar a day and sometimes it was like 90 cents. TP: Yeah, now-a-day we [inaudible]. Way back years, before they had [inaudible] it was about 50 cents a day. KS: Well, did you have any other jobs besides logging? TP: Not before I was married. KS: Well, what else have you done? TP: I've carried the mail and was carrying the mail when I was married. Then they build some bigger roads to go on. FV: You worked over yonder at [inaudible]. TP: I drove on that trade road from Craigstate(?) line. I have to build a [inaudible] over there on that road that goes through [inaudible]. KS: When was the hardest time you ever had getting a job? TP: Well uh, to take on the time uh you could hardly get a job. KS: When was this? TP: I had to [inaudible] married and... KS: Was this during the Depression? TP: Yeah, yeah right in there, the Depression. KS: Well, how did it affect you and your family? TP: [Inaudible] uh had to dig lots of roots and skin cherry bark to get along. KS: Well, did you raise your own food? TP:Yeah. KS: What did you raise? TP: Corn and beans and meat. �KS: What kind of meat? TP: Hog meat, killed about two hogs every fall. FV: Raised buckwheat and make pancakes. TP: [Laughter] FV: [Laughter] KS: Well, did you raise any of these crops to sell? TP: No, took about all of 'em back then [inaudible]. It wasn't like it is now. You what you made, you see people went through the summer made their uh what you say your meat and veggies. You raised your corn and had it to your mill grain or go to the mill every couple during the week. KS: Well, where was this mill at? TP: Uh well, there's some all right along up and [inaudible] had one up here. Fred Emerson he lives up there; he had a mill up there [inaudible]. Earl Lynn he had mill there for years. FV: [Inaudible] had one up there. TP: Yeah, Frank Naylor had one up there. KS: Well, can you remember anything about the banks during the Depression? TP: Well, the banks? KS:Mmhm. TP: Yeah, they went bank, they claimed that they went broke or busted. KS: Well, did you have any money in at that time? TP: No [chuckles]. You couldn't have no money back them days. KS: Uh huh, well, where were you working during the Depression? TP: Well, I had to quit carrying the mail I just make a [inaudible] around on the farm. Make what we eat just skinning cherry bark and haw bark and digging roots. KS: How much money did you get for this cherry bark and roots and stuff? TP: Well, I don't know it wasn't...cherry bark it wasn't over 2 cents, was it? FV: No. TP: And the haw bark it run up 6 maybe cents a pound, wasn't it? �8 FV: [Inaudible] for 5 cents then it went up to 8 [inaudible]. KS: Well, back during the Depression it took a whole lot of cherry bark and stuff to get money didn't it? TP: Yeah it just, you had work pretty steady at it. Like [inaudible] you had to work pretty steady at it to uh get something to eat. KS: Well, did any of your children have to leave home or anything during that time to get a job? TP: No, no they wasn't big enough to. KS: Oh, they wasn't? TP: And we got a pretty well grown [inaudible] Bernice she took that polio. KS: Well, um do you remember any programs like WPA or CCC? TP: Yeah, when they first started that WPA I think we first went to work on [inaudible] work up and down the roads. And they give a lot, give us an [inaudible] that store up there at Boone. We'd go up there and get had to go up there and take that [inaudible] team. Me and [inaudible]. KS: So you worked on... FV: [Inaudible] talking [inaudible]. TP: Nobody gives them...they had to [inaudible]. The store gave enough wheat for your work all week and you had to take it to Boone up there and [inaudible] the store and take that... KS: Well, did you work on the WPA? TP:Yeah. KS: Well, what all did you do? TP: Well, I helped build that surge line or sewage in Boone up there on the State Farm. And then later I worked in Blowing Rock a year or two, didn't I? FV: Yeah. TP: Walk up there to uh go over there into Wade [inaudible]. It's through the mountain and catch the state truck there and ride it on into Blowing Rock. KS: Well, can you remember the first car that came in here? TP: Yeah. KS: Well, uh who had it? TP: Will Sutherland. �KS: What kind was it? TP: I think it's an old A-Model and cloth top. KS: Well, what'd you think about it when you saw that? TP: [Laughter] I don't know what I thought about it them days. Shoot. My memories just a little bit [inaudible]. Down there right well when that old road come up through there then is right in front of that old house I lived on where my grandpap lived. He drove it up there and turned it. An old two seater, cloth top A-Model. KS: Well, before that how did people get around? TP: [Inaudible] buggies, hecks (?), wagons... KS: What's a heck? FV: Riding horse. TP: [Laughter] Yeah, it's an old four wheel outfit with two seats on it made like a buggy. It had a bed on it and had two seats on it. KS: Well, uh what churches did they have around here then? TP: Uh Baptist Church it set down here where this Baptist Church is. And then the Christian Church uh it set down right down uh just about where Curtis [inaudible] store is. KS: Well, where did most people go to church around here? TP: Well, they split up like they're now, part of 'em go to the Baptist Church and part to the Christian Church. KS: Well, do you think the preachers have changed much over the years? TP: Well, I don't know whether they have or not. They, I know one thing they've done they've back them days they would walk and now-a-days they ride they've got the cars to ride in [chuckles]. KS: Where did they walk from? TP: Well, you see they'd walk from or ride horses from wherever they lived, you see, to church. KS: Well, did they ever spend the night with any of the members or anything? TP: Yeah, back them days they would stay over. Well, uh most of would have a week's meat and they'd spend a week with uh Christians one day and members of the church and they'd spend the nights. KS: Well, how did the teachers do? Did they stay with students or did they have their homes around here? �10 TP: Uh, you see Earl Wineberger he lived back in yonder there and he had a big he had him a horse, a grey horse and a black one. He'd ride one of the horses and ask [inaudible] or one of the boys to ride the other one across the mountain. And I don't know, I forget how Charles Hompson got over here. I don't know, seemed like he boarded. [Inaudible] but I have I can't remember where exactly—it seems like he boarded in [inaudible]. KS: Well, did the Depression affect the schools in anyway? TP: Yeah, that Depression is hard on everybody. KS: Well, how did the schools change during that time? TP: Well, they never changed too much they just keep dragging along you know just people trying to send their young'uns. Once they got big enough they had to help work the fields, making corn, and stuff like that. KS: Who do you think was hit the hardest by the depression? TP: Well, I don't know. See if the banks went broke like they claim they did then them fellers that had decent money in 'em of course it hurt them. But [inaudible] to keep something to keep the poor man he didn't have [inaudible]. KS: Well, back in the days when you was younger, did they have any bad men or outlaws or anything around here? TP: Yeah, they were here. [Inaudible] Potters they think he was bad and then they had a killing, well a lot a killing. Several was killed down there. And they spread the [inaudible]. There were several killed down there and they [inaudible]. KS: Were those people born here or did they just come into to this section? TP: Wel,l part of 'em come in from Kentucky. 01' man Brooms(?) then [inaudible] then they come in, you see. KS: Well, who was the sheriff then? TP: I 'bout forgot [coughs] who was the High Sheriff. The first one I remember was uh I believe his name was Young, Sheriff Young they called him. His name was Young. And he had a daddy that Ed Horton, I think was his daddy [inaudible]. They change so much, you see, and I think the time I just can't... KS: Did any of 'em ever get killed? TP: No, not at all. Officers never did get killed, KS: Did Tamarack have a jail or anything? TP: No, no, they take 'em out. When they arrest 'em, they take 'em to Boone's jail just like they do now. �11 KS: What kind of buildings did they have, like post office and stuff like that? TP: They just old building, store house just like the one on old [inaudible], store house [inaudible]. Of course, some of 'em was bigger but just like uh it like [inaudible]. KS: Well, where was the country store around here? TP: Down there at the fork in the road. Frank Miller owned a store there for years. And then uh after he quit uh Curtis Potter took up the store down there. KS: What all kinds of things did they carry in their store? TP: Well, they carried dried goods and groceries and uh every now and then you'd buy you coffee. You'd have to buy and the grain. Most of the time you'd have to parch it, grind it at [chuckles] the mill. KS: Well, did anybody moonshine around here? TP: Yeah, they [inaudible] moonshining and bootlegging went on back them days, back when I was a boy. [END OF SIDE ONE] TP: ...with a you can cook then you had a six gallon barrel and a little beat boxes back then. They took a bushel of meal there to the barrel and they put the malt and rye chalk. I've even put a gallon of rye chalk in the barrel. It takes that about a week to go sour and work off and make the alcohol. KS: Was it good? TP: Yeah, just like the on his grain [inaudible] back them days once drain for the [inaudible]. See they, see they don't know what to make out of it. KS: Did anybody ever try to stop 'em from making moonshine? TP: Yeah, the law they's report 'em in and the law they would come and search and hunt for 'em, see. If they had to arrest a man, they'd have to [inaudible] back when I was a boy put him on a horse up behind them and take him in [chuckles]. KS: Any revenuers ever come in? TP: No, I don't reckon there wasn't no federal [inaudible] back then it was just the county officers that there. KS: Well, what did they do to you when they took you to Boone? TP: Well, they was pretty rough on 'em. They fined 'em maybe they'd have to go to jail cells. KS: How much did moonshine cost? �12 TP: I believe you could buy you uh it was you could buy a [inaudible] for $10 a gallon. KS: It was that expensive? TP: Huh? KS: It was that expensive? TP: Yeah, they'd sell it to trade for $10 a gallon and where'd they take a [inaudible] then they'd have for about $6 a gallon. And take it back into Tennessee in [inaudible]. I believe they put about six and four, they put about four cans to a hemp sack, tow sack they called 'em, and they'd put one on each side of a horse roll up on the horse and take it to Tennessee. Take it over night and they'd stay overnight over there. And then there was a drunk and they come at it. They would get them two or three half gallon cans and they [inaudible] in their saddle pockets and ride off with it. KS: [Chuckles] Well, what did you do for amusement when you was a little boy? TP: For what? KS: For amusement, what did you play with? TP: I forget. You see, back then there wasn't no toys to play with it was just, I forget. Little kids back them days there wasn't much to play with [inaudible]. We had no toys like there is now. KS: What was Christmas like? TP: Well, they [car horn honks] there's some difference in it, not too much. There's, now-a-days people they buy most of 'em buys their cakes and stuff. Back them days they'd [inaudible] and bake. KS: Did you have Christmas trees? TP: No, no Christmas tree [inaudible, chuckles]. KS: Didn't anybody have a Christmas tree? TP: No, they didn't. Nobody had a Christmas tree. KS: Did anybody believe in Santa Claus? TP: Well maybe, some of the kids would. And back then they'd go around your neighbors and go around and fix up some kind of old [inaudible] spaces maybe the night before Christmas. They just [inaudible] candy, there wasn't no toys then [inaudible]. KS: How much did candy cost back then? TP: I forget just one cost but it was way damn cheap I [inaudible]. You can get a right smart little pop for a dime [inaudible] candy in buckets. Well, I guess it [inaudible] in buckets, wooden buckets, the bulk candy was. The stick candy was in boxes like it is now I'd say. And there wasn't no uh well there way up, �Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, N.C. This electrostatic copy is subject to United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code). 3 way up that [inaudible] I don't reckon it was the later I got going [inaudible] bark candy, you know, would break your teeth, it was just all loose candy. KS: What kind of medicines did they use back then? TP: Well, I don't know. If anybody gets sick they just go, go to the doctor. And I don't know I reckon he made his medicine. KS: What kinds did he use? TP: Huh? KS: What kinds of medicines did he use? TP: Well there, use quinine and you know stuff like that most the time. And I don't know what else he uh made medicine out of. KS: Well, what about home remedies? What kind of home remedies did they have? TP: What? KS: That your mama made up. TP: Well, they make bone-sift (?) tea and there's some other kind of tea. See there wasn't no aspirins or none of these pills like there is now. No aspirins...nothing like that. KS: Can you remember any legends or tales or superstitions that people had back then that's maybe been passed down to you? TP: No. KS: Did your grandfather ever tell you anything about the Civil War or your Papa? TP: No, I never did hear any him talk too much about it [inaudible]... [Children yelling in background] TP: You see, if they wasn't [inaudible] ol' Grandpap he was [inaudible]. He was just uh...his daddy [inaudible] and Granny's daddy [inaudible]. KS: Was there ever any Negro slaves around here that you heard about? TP: Yeah, up here on the [inaudible] place used to be a family of Negros that lived up there. KS: Were they slaves? TP: No, no they lived up there just like any other family go and make their, made their living. KS: Well, how did people like 'em? �Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, N.C. This electrostatic copy is subject to United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code). _4 TP: Uh they liked 'em all right. They had a little good I reckon they would you know barter with 'em and ask somebody if they talked to 'em. Yeah they's...! forget what the nigger man's name was but the lady her name was Reena [inaudible]. [Note: this is the Red or Read family.] Most of 'ems buried up there just to go up and touch [inaudible]. KS: Would people around here very superstitious back then? TP: No, they wasn't superstitious. KS: Was there anything you can think to tell me about the old days? TP: No [chuckles], you forget a lot. KS: Mm hm, would you like to live back there in them days, now? TP: Well I don't know whether I would or not. It's...back them days nobody much tried to save, save any money like they do now-a-days. Always looking at any [inaudible] to make their what they went up on, you know, to raise a family. KS: Well, thank you. [END] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-27 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Ted Potter, June 12, 1973 Description An account of the resource Ted Potter was born in Tamarack, NC in 1908 and throughout his life was a logger, mail carrier, and farmer. Mr. Potter recalls childhood memories of Christmas, moonshining, and the Great Depression. He discusses the schoolhouse experience from his childhood as well as farming during the Great Depression. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shelton, Karalyn Potter, Ted Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 14 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape79_TedPotter_1973_06_12M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Todd, NC Subject The topic of the resource Potter, Ted--Interviews Depressions--1929--North Carolina--Tamarack Farm life--North Carolina--Tamarack--20th century Tamarack (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-12 Boone CCC Civilian Conservation Corps farming Great Depression moonshining North Carolina schoolhouse Tamarack Ted Potter Works Progress Administration WPA https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/25703df14bd97d3a4cd29b66032e5478.pdf 6899b96465f8f327548fa2bd23f871fe PDF Text Text This is an interview with Loura Edmisten for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Karen Ward at Boone on June 9, 1973. Mrs. Edmisten is my grandmother and the Papa referred to in the interview is my grandfather. Q: Where were you born? A: Beech Creek. Q: Okay, what year were you born in? A: 1894. Q: Have you lived in Watauga County all your life? A: No. Q: Where else have you lived? A: Avery. Q: Avery County. A: I don't know. What part of Avery County? I guess it would be called the Western. Q: When did you move to Boone? A: '45. Q: Have you lived here since '45? A: Yes. Q: Okay, what were your parent's names? I don't know. �2. A: Isaac Valentine Reese. Q: What was your mother's name? A: Mary. X Q: How many children were in your family? A: Thirteen in all. Q: Thirteen? Do you remember all of their names? A: Yeah, Sarah, Mary, John, Grant, Lizzy, Thomas, Elminey, Hugh, Jim or James, half brothers and sisters. Q: Those are half brothers and sisters? A: Roscoe, Victoria, Julia and myself. Q: Okay, how many of them are living right now? A: Three. Q: Three, counting you? Is that counting yourself? A: Yes. Q: What did your father do for a living? A: Well, he was a merchant and postmaster, union pensioner, farmer and I guess that's all I can think of. �3. Q: Well, did your family own any land? A: Yes. Q: Where about? A: Oh, in Watauga and Avery County. Q: About how much land did he own all together? A: Oh, I guess at one time, four or five or six hundred acres. Q: Where did you attend school? What was the name of your school? A: Well, we went to Mt. Gilead, that was the name of the church and the school that I attended was in the church buildings. We didn't have no school buildings at that time. Q: So you went in a church? A: Yeah. Had two different churches. were taught in. Q: How long did you go to school? A: Seventh. Q: Through the seventh grade? A: Through the seventh. Q: Were your teachers strict on you? Baptist and Christian that the schools �4. A: Yes, very. Q: Tell me how. A: Well, you just had to come with lessons or you had 'em to get over, and if you got rude, you sometimes stood in the corner. And sometimes you got a good lashing if it was bad enough. Q: Did you ever get a whipping? A: No. Q: So you were good. What type of subjects were you taught in school? A: Oh, reading, arithmetic, spelling, history, geography, grammar, which would be called English now I guess. Oh, I can't think. I guess that's all. Q: Did all of your brothers and sisters go to school at some time? A: Yes, every one of them. Q: Do you think the schools have changed very much over the years? A: Yes indeed. Q: How? A: Well, that'd be hard, sixty-four dollar question. Q: Have you ever worked anywhere? A: No. They've changed a lot. �5. Q: Nowhere? A: Outside of home, garden, and farm. Q: Did women when you were growing up, work very much outside of the house of just within the house and garden? A: Yes, quite a bit. Q: What did they do? A: They helped with the farm work. Q: What kind of crops did you all grow? A: Oh, corn, wheat, rye, oats and all kinds of garden varieties. Q: What types of churches were in your area when you were growing up? A: Baptist and one Christian Church. Q: That was all? A: Yes. Q: What religion were most people in your community? A: Baptist, I'd say. Q: What church did you go to? A: Christian and I went to the Baptist. �Q: So you went to both • A: I went to Baptist I guess more than I did the other. Q: Do you think religion has played an important part in your life? A: Of course. Q: How? A: Oh, I guess it probablymade me see things in a different light than what it would if I had never gone and probably caused my conversion. Q: Have churches changed much over the years? A: Well, I think so. Q: Do you think the preachers are different from what they use to be like? Do they preach the same? A: Yes, they are. Q: Back when you were growing up, what were politics like? A: Well, I'll tell you, women didn't mess in politics then at that time when I was growing up. They did later, but not to the extent they do today, they were just like they are now, everybody for his own side. Q: How did most people tend to vote back then, more Republicans or. . ? A: Yeah, I think they were at that time, I don't know how about nationwide but �we had more Republican Presidents. Q: How did people get around for transportation? A: Horseback and buggy, surry and what they call a hack. Q: What's a hack? A: Well, it's a bigger vehicle where maybe nine or ten can ride in it. Q: Can you remember seeing your first car? A: Yes. Q: What year was that? Do you remember that? A: Oh, I don't remember what year it was. Q: What did you think when you saw it? A: Well, I just thought it was a car, because I knew they were being manufactured. Q: Did you ever make soap or quilt or anything like that? A: Soap and quilts. Q: You did both of those? A: Yes. Q: Do you still quilt any? A: No. �Q: When you were a young girl, can you remember any bad men or know people that were outlaws and stuff like that? A: Yes. Q: Who were they? Do you remember? A: Oh no, I don't talk and tell who people was. That's not my business. But there were murders went on and some stealing and robbing, and I know their names of some, but that's for someone else to answer. Q: Are they dead now? A: Yeah, I guess they are, most of them. Q: What did young people do for entertainment? A: Oh, they dated and danced and had singings. Oh several different things. Q: Was dating back then different from what dating is now? A: Yes. Q: How.? A: Well, they stayed at home and dated. Q: Stayed at home? Did the depression affect you and your family very much? A: No. Q: It didn't? Were you married then? �A: Yes. Q: What was Papa's job during the depression? A: Oh, he was a farmer and a produce man, hauled produce to market. Q: So he raised crops? A: Yeah, and then he bought and sold. Q: How many children did you have during the depression? A: Two. Q: Did any of your children have to leave home? A: No. Q: Did your family always have enough to eat? A: Yeah. Q: You never went hungry because of it? A: No. Q: What do you think you should do to be a good mother? A: Oh, Law, that's another question I couldn't answer. Do the best you can and forget about it I guess. Q: Do you know if you raised your children right? �10. A: No, I don't. Q: Do you think you did? Do you think you raised them right? A: No, I don't. I don't know whether I did or not, but some of 'em didn't do exactly as I wanted 'em to, but some did, so there it was. Q: Is it the father's place to help in raising children? A: It certainly is. Q: Did Papa help you with the children? A: Not too much. Q: But some? A: ^ah. Oh, he helped support 'em. Q: Yeah. What do you think children should do around the house when they're growing up, you know in helping? A: Whatever they are told to do. Q: You tell them what to do and they do it. A: They should, but they don't always. Q: If .you could change anything about the way things are, what would you change? A: Well, graft for one thing. I'd tried to have people not to be so greedy, that they'd do anything for money. That would be about the biggest thing I'd change, 'cause its about the cause of all evil. People wanting money, doing anything to get it. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Loura Edmisten, June 9, 1973 Description An account of the resource Loura Edminstin was born in Beech Creek, NC in 1894 and had 13 siblings in her family. She lived in Watauga and Avery County throughout her life. Ms. Edminstin discusses her childhood including the topics of politics, school, and church. She also discusses the traditions in raising a family. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ward, Karen Edminsten, Loura Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/9/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 10 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape82_LouraEdmisten_1973_06_09M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Edminsten, Loura--Interviews Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Avery County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Christian life--North Carolina--Watauga County Christian life--North Carolina--Avery County Avery County Baptist Church Beech Creek buggy church hack Loura Edmisten Mt Gilead Politics schoolhouse Watauga County N.C. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3452c0315f054b3e81d01edac3cda72c.pdf 4c7fcd0af7786bcaa3d72357db39392f PDF Text Text AOHP #66 Page 1 This is an interview with Mr. and Mrs. Lee Greene for the Appalachian Oral History Project, by Donna Clawson, at Route 2, Boone, on June 11, 1973. QUESTION: Mrs. Greene, I'll start with you. ANSWER: Where were you born? (Mrs. G) You mean the county? Q: Yes, the county or the area. A": (Ms. G) I was born in Watauga County, or Meat Camp. Q: What was the year? A: (Ms. G) 1908. Q: What about you, Mr. Greene? A: (Mr. G) Well, I was born in 1904. Q: Were you born in this county? A: (Mr. G) Watauga County, yes. this house. Just a little ways right here from That little house that used to stand out here where that other house was. Q: Who were your parents? A: (Mr. G) Henry Greene and Lura. Q: Who were your parents, Mrs. Greene? A: (Ms. G) Pink Jones and Laura Jones. Q: Had your parents always lived in this county? A: (Mr. G) Yes. Q: They were born in this county? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, Watauga County. Q: What about your parents? A: (Ms. G) They were too. Q: Mrs. Greene, I'll talk to you a while then. did you have? Both of them. How many years did you go? A: (Ms. G) I just went to the seventh grade. Q: How many months out of the year did you go? What kind of schooling �AOHP #66 Page 2 A: (Ms. G) Six. Q: Was it a one-room schoolhouse? A: (Ms. G) Yes. Q: How many teachers did you have? A: (Ms. G) Just one teacher, every year. Q: The same teacher the whole time? A: (Ms. G) No, a different one each year. Q: What kind of thing did you study in school? A: (Ms. G) Let's see. Arithmetic, that's what they called it back then. English, spelling, history, geography, sanitation, and, one other thing. I can't think of the name of the book. (Mr. G) Grammar? (Ms. G) No. Q: That's about the same thing they teach now. and sisters? What about brothers How many did you have? A: (Ms. G) I had one brother and four sisters. Q: What were their n^^es? A: (Ms. G) Well, Docia's my oldest sister. And Allie Barnes. You want their full names? Q: Yes, that'll be fine. A: (Ms. G) Docia Suddreth, Allie Brown, Bessie Greene, Verlee Brown, and Stanford Jones. Q: Were they all older than you, or were you in the middle? A: (Ms. G) I was next to the youngest. Q: Mr. Greene, how much schooling did you have? A: (Mr. G) I guess I got through maybe what they call the fifth grade. Q: How many months out of the year did you go? A: (Mr. G) When first I went it was just three months. There were four older than me. up to six months. Q: Did you study about the same things Mrs. Greene did? A: (Mr. G) About the same things. Then they got ( �AOHP #66 Page 3 Q: A: What about teachers, did you have one each year? (Mr. G) They teached all the grades that was teached, they didn't grade them like they do now. went along. Passed them through their books as they Didn't grade them like they do now. (Ms. G) We never had a report card or anything like that. Q: You just went through? A: (Ms. G) Yeah, they just passed you. Q: Do you remember the name of the school you went to? A: (Mr. G) Huh? Q: What was the name of the school? A: (Mr. G) Uh, Sands. Q: What was yours? A: (Ms. G) I went to three different schools. I guess you know where that is, up Meat Camp. Springs. I went to Chestnut Grove. And then went to Maple It was only two schools, yeah. Q: Well, what year did y'all get married? A: (Ms. G) 1927. Q: Did you live around here then? A: (Ms. G) We lived in PErkinsville. Q: How long did you live there? A: (Ms. G) Three years. Q: Then did you move back up here? A: (Ms. G) Yeah, we moved down here where Herbert Foster lives. And then we moved from there, down there on the creek, you know where J. D. Greene owns that little house below the creek. And then we moved from there to here. Q: How many children do you have? A: (Ms.G) Two. Q: Mr. Greene, what kind of occupations have you had, what kind of jobs? A: (Mr. G) Farming the most of the time, up till the last twenty-two years. Two sons. Then I been working in produce ever since. �AOHP #66 Page 4 Q: Can you remember a time when you had hard time getting a job? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, they wasn't no jobs, back then 'cept only farming. I never had no hard time gettin' a job. I could get work to do. body wanted any work done, if I had time to do it. / then, you didnjt get too much done away from home. If any- If you tried to farm (Ms. G) They weren't no plants you know, or anything like that to work at. Q: They've not been around here too long. A: (Ms. G) No, they haven't. Q: What kind of crops did you raise? A: (Mr. G) Raised corn, potatoes, rye, wheat, buckwheat. Q: Did you sell any of them or did you just use them? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, sold some fo 'em. his tax. A fellow had to sell enough to pay That's the only way we had of paying the tax. Q: Is that all you ever had to pay? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, that's about all. Had to buy a little sugar and coffee once in while. Q: Goodness, that's not like it is today. What about livestock, did you have livestock? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, kept one cow most of the time. two. (Ms. G) Three, we had three cows. Part of the time I had (Mr. G) Three here one time, didn't we. Q: What about churches in this area, what kinds of churches have been around here? A: The denominations and all. (Mr. G) Well, the Methodist and the Baptist have been around the longest, I guess. Q: Which church did the most people belong to? A: (Mr. G) I'm not sure I could tell you about that. Baptist, most of 'em. Q: I suppose the Right through this area, anyway. Were the churches a lot different then from what they are now? �AOHP #66 Page 5 A: (Mr. G) Yeah, they's a whole lot different. People didn't try to dress up so fine like they do anymore, when they went to church. Q: I guess not. A: (Ms. G) Didn't have it to dress in. Q: What other ways have the churches changed? A: (Ms. G) You answer that. (Mr. G) What? Q: What other ways have the churches changed? A: (Mr. G) Well, these trends. . . trying to build bigger churches. And having less attendance, I think, than they used to have. Q: That's right. A: (Mr. G) That's the way I think they've changed. Q: That's true. A: (Mr. G) From an old feller by the name of Sands, I guess what give it the Sands name. Q: How did this community get its name? (ms. G) That's what I've heard. Can you remember any of the decision makers in this community in the past years? A: (Mr. G) I can't think of any of them. Q: I guess its mostly just been involved in the county, iL-/ rather than so much of a separate community. A: (Mr. G) Yeah. Q: Has the community changed a lot? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, right smart. Q: What about the population of the community? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, more. Q: Are either of you interested in politics? A: (Mr. G) Interested in politics? Q: Yes. A: (Mr. G) Yeah, I've always been interested. Q: Can you remember any special elections? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, all of 'em. People don't visit nigh like they used to. Is it more? �AOHP #66 Page 6 Q: Oh, really? A: Yeah! Q: Did you get out and politic? A: (Mr. G) No, I didn't politic but I always tried to get over there and cast my vote. Q: Just kept up with 'em, huh? A: (Mr. G) Yeah. to go vote. (Ms. G) We've always just been interested enough (Mr. G) No, I ain't never took no part in the local affairs much. Q: Well, voting shows a big interest. How did most of the people around here vote? A: (Mr. G) Well, I guess 'at most of 'em, biggest majority of 'em was Republicans — Q: A: in this county. How do you think politics have changed over the years? , (Mr. G) I think its got rotten, that's how. (Ms. G) You shouldn't 'a said that. Q: No, that's fine. I've heard a lot 'a people say that. just about agree with you, too. A: I think I How have the politics changed? (Mr. G) Used to, the candidates would debate, ya know, at some certain place and speak against one another, but they don't do that no more. It's all on television, or not no speaking a 'tall, or maybe have a few gettogethers somewhere, where the parties met. An' when they debated aginst one another, an' face to face in politics it 'uz even more interesting than it is now. Q: I bet it was. A: (Mr. G) They'd get so mad they could kill one another when they get up to speak at one another. (Ms. G) I can remember going to hear people speak with my daddy when I was just litt^g, An ' he'd want to go hear somebody speak that was on his side, ya know. night and he'd take us children and go. They'd usually speak at �AOHP #66 Page 7 Q: Well, did they ever get in real heated arguments? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, they'd get in some purty hot 'uns, sometimes. Q: What about the crowd, did they get mad, too? A: (Mr. G) No, the crowd didn't seem to worry much. think so. I can't remember anybody getting too mad. probably riled up on a few of 'em in the crowd. that 'ud give us any trouble. (Mrs. G) I don't (Mr. G) Course it (Ms. G) Wasn't nothing (Mr. G) No trouble, whatever. I never did hear of ..having no trouble Q: That's unusual. At least now it seems unusual. How did people get around, back when you were growing up? A: (Mr. G) We walked, wherever we went. or a wagon. We went in a horse and buggy, My father bought an old steer wagon. (Ms. G) My daddy had a steer, yoke 'a steers that I remember we rode to church in. You know what a steer is. Q: Yeah. Did you ever walk pretty long distances? A: (Mr. G) Yeah. Q: How long did it take ya to do that? A: (Mr. G) Not too long. We'd go five or six miles. Back then when I'se young I could walk purty good. Q: Where did you have to walk to ? A: Yeah, ya had to walk to town when ya went to town. three miles, ya know. Did you, like walk to town much? That 'uz about That 'uz just a short distance, back then. (Ms.G) Nobody didn't mind walking to town, back then. (Mr. G) Never thought nothing about it. (Ms. G) When my daddy moved down here, ya know, where Wilson Brown lives, we moved down there, and I'se eleven years old when he moved from Meat Camp down there. And all of us walked back up to Meat Camp to church. Q: Well, that seems like a long way now. I guess people have gotten lazy. A: (Ms. G) And they'd be running a revival meeting, ya know, at night, and we'd all fall in, ya know, and get ready in time to go to church at night. �AOHP #66 Page 8 (Mr. G) People back then when they had produce to sell they hauled it to Lenoir and sold it. On a wagon, and team. Q: How long did that take ya? A: (Mr. G) Take 'em three or four days to go from thefeto Lenoir and back. (ms. G) My brother used to run a steer wagon for hauling produce. Took a long time to go with a yoke 'a steers down there. Q: I guess it did. A: (Mr. G) Back then nobody 'uz in no big hurry. They'j^meet up with somebody, they'd stand and talk for an hour or two an1 now they won't hardly speak howdy to ya. Q: That's the way it goes. It does seem to be that way. You'd \k with people having it easier getti to spend with people. A: (Mr. G) It looks like it. But they hain't, they've got to go. (Ms. G) Looks like when you can go so much quicker that you'd have more time. (Mr. G) Everythings speeded up the past few years. Q: Yeah, I've seen it speed up just as long as I've been alive. A: (Mr. G) Yeah, you've seen it speeding up, all the way up. (Ms.G) I know we lived on Meat Camp one time. They'uz a having a revival meeting, ya know, an' they had it in the afternoons and the evenings. An 1 I can remember walking and going with Momma, and we went across the where Mr. Ira Brown used to live, the Dr. Harmon place, ya know, and come on across that way. And I can remember, as we went back, ya know in the fall of the year it began to get dark so early. And we got down to where Aunt Mary Jones used to live and it was agettin dark there, and we had to go through the dark from there on home. Q: That'd be something today, wouldn't it. Where did most of the roads and the railroads run around here? A: (Mr. G) Well, there wasn't no railroads here, till Tweetsie come into Boone and I don't remember what year that was. it never did come back in. It washed it out in "40 and �AOHP #66 Q: Where were most of the i(a:ojds and things? A: (Mr. G) Page 9 Only railroad was Todd, I guess. gauge running into Boone. place. And that little narrow (Ms. G) But the roads now aren't in the same (Mr. G) And then they built a road that goes up here to Rich Mountair to get logs out. And then went on that narrow gauge over to Shulls Mills. See, they had a sawmill over there. up Howard's Creek, was there. (Ms. G) There wasn't much of a road (Mr. G) No, not much of one at that time. (Ms. G) Then they built a good road up there. We can remember it but I don't remember what year it was. Q: What about some of the other roads, like Meat Camp Read? Was it a pretty good road? A: (Mr. G) No, rough road, and trees so low you couldn't get around them. (Ms. G) They wasn't many roads that was even just gravelled, much that you could travel. Q: Of course, I guess, without having cars it didn't make much difference what the roads were like, did it? A: (Mr. G) No, they got to improving roads when cars begun to come into this country. Got to hard-surfacing 'em then. (Ms. G) This road that goes around down here, ya know, this old road, I can remember when they's a-building that, before I was married. And then out there at Sands, right below, or about even with that house there of ( ? Mr.) Cook's, there's a big mud hole there, ya know, and couldn't nobody get through it. car had tried to get through there. And one There wasn't but a very few, ya know. They would get stuc^r And they's always somebody coming out to my Dad's to get Stanford and Daddy to take their yoke of steer and they'd have to go pull those cars out of the mudhole. Q: When did the first cars come in? saw your first car? Can you remember the year you �AOHP #66 Page 10 A: (Mr.G) (Ms.G) (Mr.G) (Ms.G) seeing. then? I don't remember the exact year. I don't believe I do remember the year. It would 'a been about '15, I guess. But I remember who was driving the first one that I remember And I was scared of it. Do you know I was scared of a car back We lived on Meat Camp, that was before we moved doen here where Daddy lived. And we had come to Mr. Dan Cook's to the store, when he had an old storehouse - - -out ttere. Well, where was it that stood? (Mr.G) Right down this side of where J. B."s got# his store. (Ms.G) No, that first one that was doen here beside- - - (Mr.G) That first one stood right down this side right below the old Ingram house down there. Alongside of the road. (Ms.G) Oh, I thought you said below the road. (Mr.G) Well, 'tis, down this-a-way. (Ms.G) Well, it was on the other side of the road. be, you're right. Yeah, it would That one down there. . . . (Mr.G) He moved out right down and went up by George Hayes', you know. When that storehouse stood there. (Ms.G) You know where Oscar Hayes lives, don't you? the George Hayes place. left on around there. can you remember it? Well that was And the road went way around that hill, to the And right there below where that old Ingram house, It's not been tore down long. Q: Yeah, I think I remember it. A: (Ms.G) It's right there below where Charles Hodges, uh,. . . (Mr.G) . . .slaughter - place is at... (Ms.G) Well, I don't know what I was going to tell you before that. Q: You were talking about the car, the first one you saw. A: (Ms.G) Yeah, that car. We'd been over there to that store, and we went back around that road, ya know, and we went, walking up around up through that bottom above where Oscar Hayes lives. And went on up the road there a little piece,...we got over in Tommy Hayes' field and walked on �AOHP # 66 that hill to where the Howard Foster house is. Page 11 You know, where Howard Foster used to live, you know, over near Meat Camp. Who is it lives there now, Mr. Shook? (Mr.G) Yeah. (Ms.G) We'd go right across that hill, ya know. We heard this car a-coming before we got to where we always crawled under this wire fence, ya know, where we'd come up there above Oscar Hayes1. And I can remember how scared we was and we run ourselves near to death because we's so afraid of that car. And we wanted to get there and crawl under that fence and get in that field before that car passed us. it. And Henry Miller was driving Henry Miller had bought him a car back then. And that's the first car I can remember seeing. Q: I bet that would have been scary. A: (Ms.G) We was so afraid of that car. . . . because we had never seen one. And we's afraid to be out in the road for it to pass us. Q: Can you remember the first car you saw? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, I believe it was along back about '14 or '15. Around that year. (Ms.G) It was . . . now we moved from over there in 1918. And it was just a few years before that becuase I was a purty goog-sized Qirl. And I was eleven years old when we moved there. I guess he's about right. About 1914 or '15. Q: What did you think of the first car you saw? A: (Mr.G) Well I thought it was a kinda funny looking outfit. Q: I guess they did look strange at first. A: (Mr.G) Yeah, but I soon got used to 'em. Q: What was the first car you ever had? A: (Mr.G) Ah, the first 'un I ever owned was a '21 Ford, I believe. Q: You remember when you got that? A: (Mr.G) I got it off 'a Larry Lane. �AOHP #66 Page 12 (Ms.G) She said when. (Mr.G) Oh, no, I don't remember exactly when. It musta' been about 1920, something along that. Q: Did you enjoy riding around in the car? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, I liked to drive it. T-Model Ford's what it was. One seat. Q: Did you like it better than walking, and horse 'n buggy 'n all that? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, Yeah I liked it better 'n that. where quicker and back. Q: any- Go further. What about some of the crafts in the area? the curing, and the weaving. A: You could Like the soapmaking, Have you done much of that? (Ms.G) I never did do any weaving. to make all the soap that I used. I've made a lot of Soap. I used Me and my mother used to make soap. She done a lot 'a spinning and carding, but she never did any weaving. Q: Did you ever learn to do any of the spinning? A: (Ms.G) No, I never did any spinning. Q: I've heard it's pretty hard to do. A: (Ms.G) It was for me. I never did try, though, very much. put us to doing other things since she did all that. Mother She never did teach us. (Mr.G) Yeah, people used to save all their ashes where they burnt the wood to make lye to make soap out of. Set off a hollow tree, make gums, pour the ashes in 'em. (Ms.G) Set 'em up on a big rock, let the rock be a little slant. They'd pour water down in those ashes and set a crock down under there, my mother did, to catch the drippings. (Mr.G) They'd chisel 'em out a little channel, you know, that'd run into the vessel. Set 'em up there, pour water in 'em to get the lye. (Ms.G) She never did buy canned lye. (Mr.G) Why back then, people was the lyingest things you ever seen. LAUGHTER. �AOHP #66 Page 13 Q: I guess they had to be. A: (Ms.G) My mother made her own vinegar and all that she used in the pickles. She never bought any. Q: Well, I didn't know you could make vinegar. A: (Ms.G) Well, she'd take a bunch of apple peelings. exactly how she made it. How do you do that? I don't know But she'd pour water over that, and let it set 'til it would work, ya know, and then she'd strain it. Just have the liquid part, ya know, and let it sit so much and she skim it. know exactly how she did make it. And, ooh, it was strong, too. Q: I don't But she'd make some of the best vinegar. It'd really pickle things. What about mountain cures, like when somebody got sick, did you have cures for different things? A: (Ms.G) Yes, we had some. Q: What were some of the cures you can remember? A: (Ms.G) Well, back then children had worms and you know they say now they don't have 'em. And Momma would always give garlic, ya know the heads of garlic, or the bulbs, ya know, out of the ground. And she'd beat that up, andy put it on, . . . between a cloth, ya know, and put that on your stomach. And that would cure worms. And then they was an herb that she growed in the garden, she called rue. that was good for worms. I think it was spelled r-u-e. And And she would get that, and beat it up and put it in a cloth, and tie it on the wrist. Q: My goodness, did it work? A: (Ms.G) Yes, it sure did. It helped. a sore throat she made onion poultice. she do? And then she made . . . . for And, let's see now, what else did She took wheat bran, I forget what else she put with it. remember how they fixed that for something? Do you What was that for? (Mr.G) I don't know. (Ms.G) I remember she she used to take wheat bran and make some kind of cure. She did all kinds of things like that. �AOHP #66 Page 14 We ' s never ever took to a doctor, or sent for a doctor or anything. Anytime, except when the flu WcvS around so bad, in 1918. That was the only we ever had a doctor at my house that I remember. Q: Who was your doctor? A: (Ms.G) Uh, yes, Stanford did freeze his feet one time in the winter- time. They come big old holes in his heels, ya know. in there. Big old holes, back And, old Dr. J. B. Hagaman lived at Todd at that time. he come on horseback. And we'd send for him and he'd come over nearly every night. . . ride his horse over there to Meat Camp. doctored Stanford's feet. when we had the flu. And And then Dr. Bingham come. He come and Dr. Bob Bingham, And Bessie had pneumonia when we had the flu. Dr. Jones, J. W. Jones, I believe. And He was at Boone, and he come to see her a time or two when she had pneumonia. (Mr.G) And they all traveled on horseback then. (Ms.G) Yeah, they had to ride horse back that far. make all kinds of tea/ in the wintertime. whether we's sick or not. And Momma would She made us drink it all along She'd made boneset tea, and oh how bitter it was. And when we had whooping cough she made chestnut leaf tea and I've drunk quarts and quarts of that. Shti. made peneroil tea out of this big red. . . .no, that's horseleaf that has big red top, but they was a kind of stuff called peneroil, wasn't they? (Mr.G) Uhmm - uh. (Ms.G) She gathered that and dried it to make tea out of. she made tea out of that. And catnip, All kinds of different things. Q: Well what was all that for? A: (Mr.G) Spicewood, sassafras (Ms.G) Well now they said the spice wood was to thin your blood. How they knew that it was too thick, I don't know that. But they'd make us drink it and I guess it didn't hurt us. (Mr.G) They give you spicewood tea to break you out with the measles. �AOHP #66 Page 15 And they used a lot of these hot teas, now, for measles. they had to do for measles, back then, ya know. tea to get you broke out. Just use some of the hot They used spicewood tea for measles and they used the boneset tea for measles, too. things. That was all And it was good for coughs and different And they used polecat oil and groundhog oil for croupe. Just think of them terrible, horrible things you had to take back then. And Momma would get (Mr.G) How'd you like to be greased with polecat oil? Q: I don't think I'd like that at all. A: (Ms.G) If you take the croupe, or a real deep cold, ya know, ooh, that stinking stuff, they'd grease your chest with that, and take a real flannel cloth, ya know. They'd heat it, ya know, and put that thing on your chest right here, ya know. It'd break up pneumonia. (Mr.G) People'd take a fit now if they had to be greased with it, wouldn't they? (Ms.G) I heard Ern Brown one time, tell about breaking up pneumonia with those things. (Ms.G). . . . she'd get a great big bottle, it'd hold about a quart I guess. And she would put sulfur in that, and fill it full of water, and she'd shake that up, and make us drink that for something. terrible. Ooh, it was And then she would get horseradish roots and cut that up and put it in water, and make us drink the liquid off of that. Something to keep us from being sick, I don't know. Q: Did it keep you pretty healthy? A: (Ms.G) Yeah, we's never sick much. (Mr.G) Yeah, they's never sick. Healthiest set of Joneses I ever seen. Q: I guess they musta' worked, then. A: (Ms.G) You know, them old remedies was good. an awful bad sore throat, I'se nearly grown. I can remember having And she put that onion poultice on my throat, I couldn't hardly talk and it cured me. ... �AOHP #66 Page 16 Oh, that old soggy-wet, nasty thing on my throat, it felt terrible. them onions, shooool And these old hen-an-chickens, ya know, like grows out in the yard, hens an things, ya know. them or not. And I'll show them to ya. I don't know if you've ever seen But they would get that, and would get a cloth and beat 'em up, and then they'd squeeze that out in a spoon, and put a drop or two of that in your ears for earache. cure the earache. And that'd sure See, all this stuff grew for a purpose. Back then people knew what it was for and they used it for things like that. (Mr.G) Nobody knows what it's fer anymore. All folks knows now is when a youngun gets sick, take it to the doctor. (Ms.G) Now, what was that sassafras tea for? That was just as red. It made the purtiest little tea you've ever looked at. Now we buy our tea at the store. Q: I guess everybody does. What does sassafras tea taste like? A; (Ms.G) I don't know hardly how to tell ya. (Mr.G) You've eat sassafras candy, hadn't you? Well it tastes a bit like that. (Ms.G) It was good-tasting. wood tea wasn't too bad, either. No, it wadn't a bad taste. This spice- But they'd make it for supper and drink it at the table for supper of the nights. (Mr.G) Ole boneset was the worst tea that 'uz ever made. (Ms.G) Oh, it was bitter. (Mr.G) I've a mind itis. That must be what quinine's made out of. I know it tastes a lot like quinine. (Ms.G) But that's the way they doctored back then. Never bought no medicines Q: Well, they were making do with what they had? A: (Ms.G) And there was only one phone in the community as I know of. That was Mr. Dan COok and Miss Bertha. They had a phone, back then. of these old-timey wall kinds, up on the wall. a doctor always had to go there and call. One Anybody wanted to send for �AOHP #66 (Mr.G) Page 17 Andrew Cole used to run a store down there below where Tabernacle was. (Ms.G) Did he have a phone? (Mr.G) No, he didn't have no phone. (Ms.G) Well, I'se talking about the phone. that had a phone. Mr. Cook's the only one Now us a-livin1 plum over on Meat Camp, if we wanted a doctor that was the only way. . . than walking all the way to Boone. course that was quicker But we had to walk plumb out here and back, and Mr. Cook's was a pretty long way. Greene's and Mr. Walter's that goes up to Henry Miller and Etta used to live? lived a way on up in a holler. Ya know that road at John the left there? You know where Well, it 'uz up that road. Now we Turn out into another road, right there you, the road, you went a way on up in the holler, about a mile, . . . (Mr.G) Yeah, a mile, I guess. (Ms.G) From up in there, that was a long ways to walk. Q: Can either of you remember anything about any outlaws or badmen around here? A: (Mr.G) Ah, they wasn't many of them. boys that was out through here. I've heard about them Allen Shot up the court that time. (Ms.G) I've heard older people than I am talk about the Allen boys that up the court. (Mr.G) I've heard it said that old man Ed Miller brought 'em through this country, Q: helping 'em get away. I don't believe I've heard anything about that. Do you know what year that was? A: (Mr.G) Uh-uh, I don't know. (Ms.G) No, see we just heard talk of that and didn't ask about the year. �AOHP #66 Q: Page 18 Can you remember any folktales that you heard your parents or grandparents tell? Or legends? A: (Ms.G) I don't know. I can't remember none. Q: What about things like planting in a certain sign? Do you believe in that? A: (Mr.G) Old people, all of 'em used that. (Ms.G) Kinda go bit it yet, some. (Mr.G) I believe in it myself, but I didn't plant in them signs. .. . I agree that the moon has a whole lot to do with it. need to talk to Raleigh Williams. You He'd give ya something on this sign business. Q: Can y'all remember much about the Depression? Did it affect you much? A: (Mr.G) Well, about all it was about that Depression was just big men and all got their money outa the banks and let 'em go broke and nobody could get no money to do nothing with and there wadn't nothing to do. And stuff got so cheap ya could just buy a whole lot of stuff for nothing, about it. (Ms.G) But you couldn't get that little bit of money that it took to buy it with as cheap as it was. You just couldn't get that money. (Mr.G) You couldn't pay a debt. Q: Prices were real low then, but you just couldn't get the money? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, back then you could buy a pair of overalls for seventy- five cents. (Ms.G) Now you spend five. (Mr.G) Six. Q: Where were you living at the start of the Drpression? A: (Ms.G) We lived at P rkinsville, didn't we? (Mr.G) Yeah. Q: Were you living on a farm? �AOHP #66 Page 19 A: (Mr.G) Un-uh. Rented farm. Q: Did you raise everything you needed? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, raised plenty of grain, stuff like that. And managed to get hold of enough money to buy what we had to outa' the store. But we didn't have much. (Ms.G) We didn't raise wheat, and make out own flour. We had to buy flour. (Mr.G) Yes, we did raise some wheat when I lived at Perkinses, Raised wheat 'n rye. Buckwheat. (Ms.G) Yeah, but we didn't make all our bread out of it. I remember us buying some flour. with that Truck, you 'Cause Don't you remember when you hauled off bought some flour? But he could get a hundred pounds for a dollar seventy-five, wasn't it? (Mr.G) Yeah, a hundred pounds of flour fer a dollar and seventy-five cents. (Ms.G) And now, ten pounds cost almost that. Not quite that much, but it costs a dollar thirty-five, I think for just ten pounds. And he'd get a hundred pounds of flour for a dollar seventy-five. Q: How old were your children during the Depression? A: (Mr.G) We just had one. (Ms.G) G. L. was born in '28. Q: How did the Depression change working conditions and getting a job? Was it hard to find a job? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, I'd say it was. Wadn't no jobs to get much. (Ms.G) Well, everybody just farmed, you know. Just weren't any jobs much to get. (Mr.G) And it hurt the people that Depression year hurt the people like Cleveland and places like that hurt worse than it did around here. Cause the people there ya know had jobs. jobs. And it got hard for them to get �AOHP #66 Page 20 (Ms.G) And we've heard a little talk about in Detroit, Michigan, having an effect on the people up there. and had nothing much to live on. got out can And I heard one man say that this man and sold, uh, can something what was it? They got out of work, ya know, what was it? Can openers or You heard him tell it. (Mr.G) I don't know if I did. I forgot about it. (Ms.G) Seem^like it was just can-openers. Just any little thing. He'd get out on the street and try to sell that to make a little money, after he got out of a job, ya know, his work shut do^/n. (Mr.G) Yeah, get anything ya could, and get out and sell it. any way in the world to make a penny. Just Course there wasn't as much stealing and bank-robbing and rogueing a going on today as there is. Q: Did you ever hear of any of the government projects, like WPA & CCC? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, they had some projects like that back then. They didn't amount to much, I don't think. Q: Do you remember when the banks closed? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, they closed when, uh, Roosevelt took office. 'em in the next day or two after he took office. He closed Ordered all banks closed. (Ms.G) I remember hearing Mr. Charlie Hodge say that he acted the quickest of any president we'd ever had. (Mr.G) Then he got 'em a foothold or something some way, and everything began to pick up a little again. a whole lot too. The^he got us in war and that helped And then we've stayed in war ever since. since that day, since war was declared in '40. Still a fightin' some of 'em now. Never been out Never been out of war yet. Over there in Laos, they're fightin1, I reckon some of the Americans is bombing yet. Q: Did the community change very much during the Depression? businesses, and the churches, and the schools? Like the �AOHP #66 A: Page 21 (Mr.G) No, un-uh. (Ms.G) I don't think they's any difference in the schools and the churches. (Mr.G) They've changed a lot more since the Depression than they had before. (Ms.G) Than they did during the Depression, I'd say. Q: Who was hurt worst by the Depression? A: (Ms.G) I don't really know, do you? (Mr.G) Well, I guess the businessman was hurt the worst. they did get all the money Even if . What caused the Depression was everybody drawing their money out of the bank. go broke 'n they started drawing their money out. This fellows was gonna That's what caused it. And then they wouldn't pass no bills or nothing that Hoover wanted to pass so they couldn't do any better. lican president. It was a Democrat congress agin a Repub- They held him down. (MS.G) If a poor man was in debt, he was really hurt. you couldn't get money enough to pay it. Because There just wasn't any money. (Mr.G) Yeah, if a man owed anything A man that didn't owe nothing boys he 'uz in the best shape he'd ever been. Everything 'uz more on equalization then than it's ever been in my lifetime. (Ms.G) But you just could not get any money. Q: Was there anything that was good about the Depression days? A: (Ms.G) Well, I guess there was some. (Mr.G) What 'cha sold brought just as much according as what 'cha had to buy. It don't do it anymore. What 'cha buy is more than what 'cha sell. Now they're fussing about such high prices of beef 'n stuff like that. And now's the only time the farmers have had a chance 'at raise cattle to make a penny 'o money. �AOHP #66 Q: That's right. It's unfair to them. Page 22 I've heard a lot of people say that families were closer during the Depression, and the communities were closer. A: Do you think that's true. (Mr,G) They was. A whole lot closer than they 'air today. (Ms.G) Yeah, that's true. They'd work ten whole hours for a dollar back then and get a dollar a day. buy much with or to pay. They just wouldn't get enough money to Just didn't get much money. Q: What do you like best about the way life is today? A: (Mr.G) Eatin' 'n sleepin'. Q: Well you've been able to do that all along, haven't you? A: (Mr.G) Ah, yeah, I've done more sleepin' before. I can't sleep good no more. Q: Is there any thing you like about what life is like now? A: (Mr.G) Well, we didn't have no electric lights, or no power, or electricity of no kine. to pay. Course now we got plenty of it hooked up and have Nose agin the grindstone to pay our bills. (Ms.G) Well, I know that still we enjoy the lights. (Mr.G) We enjoy the little things we have now. (Ms.G) And now we have a lot more conveniences than we used to have. We have a electric stove, and refrigerator. used to have. We have all that that we didn't That saves a lot of time, and it's nice. (Mr.G) Used to have to do the washin; boil the clothes out in a ole pot and bring 'em up on a rock 'n beat the dirt out of 'em with a stick. Scrub it out with ya fists. Lot more conveniences now. (Ms.G) All the modern conveniences. I like that part about it. I have an automatic washer and that's easier. Now Used to have to scrub 'em by hand. (Mr.G) They's a awful sight o' lazy women, though. Q: Do you think it's because of all the conveniences? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, that's what caused a whole lot of it. �AOHP #66 (Ms.G) That's what he says. Q: Page23 I guess that's the truth. You'd think they'd have more time to visit their neighbors then, wouldn't you? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, but they don't. visit their neighbors. They have to watch TV I reckon, can't Some ole story on TV they want to see. (Ms.G) Well, that's another convenience that we use. Q: What did you do before you had a television? I guess you got to visit your neighbors a lot more then, didn't you? A: (Ms.G) Well, I don't know that we did. (Mr.G) All that time she has now to watch television she had to work than and get her work all done. (Ms.G) It took longer to get "cha work done. And you had to work so much harder you were so tired at night that we always went to bed at nine o'clock. tired. Never stayed up later than that, cause everybody was so You'd go to bed at nine o'clock 'n have to get up "n get a lot done ready to start on a day's work.the next morning. You just didn't have too much time. (Mr.G) You go anywhere to work, you had to be at work seven o'clock. Work till six then of the evenin'. Get in ten hours. (Ms.G) We had to get up earlier then than we do now. And had to work a lot harder. (Mr.G) Boy, I think today, take it all the way around, is a lot better time than it used to be. Q: It sure has changed a lot. A: (Mr.G) Well, I think people's got less care for one another, got twice, three times as little care for one another as they had back then. (Ms.G) Well, seems like we did get our work done more back then in time to visit some durin' the day or through the week or somethin1. anymore we hardly ever go off the place. And �AOHP #66 Page 24 (Mr,G) If I go a-fishin anymore I just have to leave something undone 'n go on. Cause there's always somethin' to do. Back then I'd have plenty o 1 time to go a-fishin' a day out of a week if I wanted to. Course I wadn't trying to work on the job then. I'se working the farm. (Ms.G) Well, if you work at home you can quit anytime you want to and go some place if you want to ro go a-fishin1. ya just don't have the time. But when you work on a job Ya come in late, and its time to milk, and time you eat supper, it's eight o'clock time we eat supper a lot o' nights. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mr. & Mrs. Lee Greene, June 11, 1973 Description An account of the resource Lee Greene was born in Watauga County, North Carolina in 1904 and farmed all his life. Mrs. Greene was born in Meat Camp, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Greene talk about their education in a one-room schoolhouse. Mr. Greene talks about farming and the changes he has seen in the community, specifically in politics. Mrs. Greene explains how to make soap and homemade remedies. Both recall their methods of transportation as children and the transition of using cars. Mr. and Mrs. Greene also recollect memories of the Great Depression. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clawson, Donna Lee, Mr. and Mrs. Greene Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 24 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape66_Mr&MrsLeeGreene_1973_06_11M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--North Carolina--Watauga County Mountain life--North Carolina--Watauga County--History--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-11 Boone cars Chestnut Grove Great Depression homemade remedies Lee Greene Lenoir Maple Springs Meat Camp Perkinsville Politics railroad Sassafras Tea schoolhouse soap Watauga County N.C. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/f3905df2ba703c574ba8227640ecbad0.pdf 444744f7916455869455aa54a4b58318 PDF Text Text AOHP #73 Page 1 This is an interview with Mrs. Elizabeth Hartley^ and her son, William, by Karen Weaver for the Appalachian Oral History Project in Triplett on June 11, 1973. (in this transcript Mr. Hartley and "son" are the same person) Q: First I'd like for you to give me your name and age please. A: Lizzie Hartley, Elizabeth Hartley and I'm 73. Q: Where were you born? A: ABout Q: Did it have a name? a mile over up this holler. Did it have a certain name for the area? A: Arnold's Branch. Q: Arnold's Branch? A: Yeah, Arnold's Branch. Q: How many children were in your family? A: Seven. Q: How many brothers and sisters did you have? A: I had four sisters and two brothers. Q: What did your father do for an occupation? A: He farmed and worked the sawmill. I've never heard of that. �Q: The sawmill? Was it around this area? A: Yeah,rail around this area. Q: Did your mother-was your mother just a housewife? A: Yeah, my father was a carpenter. Q: Was he? A: Built houses. Q: So you had a farm? A: Yeah, yeah we had a farm. Q: Did the children have to help with the work around the farm? A: Yeah, the children helped with the work. Q: What did you have to do? A: Oh, we hoed corn, made a garden, and all such things as that, What did he make? Building, he worked at a carpenter's trade. Is that where you get most of your food from? raised cattle, chickens and hogs. Q: Was it hard work? A: Yeah, it was hard work. Q: How long did you have to work everyday? A: 'Bout twelve hours every day. People worked form sixvo1clock till six o'clock for 60£ a day0 �Q: So you rteally felt like you'd earned that, didif'^. you? A: Yeah and most everybody lived in a one roomed house. Q: The vtiole family? A: Yeah, amd we were raised right here in a little ol' log cabin with-it had three little rooms. One big one and two little ones. There wasn't hardly anybody that even had a stove to cook on. They cooked on fire. Q: You had to cook all your food on fire? A: Yes. There wasn't anybody, only just- I bet there wasn't half a doxon in our community that owned cookstoves. Q: Really? Who were some of the families that had stoves? A: My grandmother had one and Mary Carroll had one. That's the only two I know of in the whole community at that time. Q: I bet living in a small house, did you have alot of fights with your brothers and sisters? A: No, no. I's the oldest girl in a family of seven and I took care of the other young'uns. Q: Oh, so that's mainly what you had to do? A: Yeah. �Q: Did your brothers have to help around the house with the housework? A: No, they didn't do no housework. Q: They just farmed. A: Yeah and fixed wood and things like that. Q: Have you had any jobs? A: Nol Q: lfc>u just lived around here on the farm all A: Yeah, and people used to gather all kinds of herbs and dig roots your life? and all for a livin1. Q: Did you all used to do that? A: Yeah. Q: How much would you make? A: Oh you couldn,'t make nothing hardly. You could a lots a kinds of roots you could dig 'em and dry them and sell 'em for 2$ a pound, and people would dry fruit and sell it for 2C a pound, corn 50£ a bushel and coffee IOC a pound and sugar about 4C a pound, cloth about If a yard. Q: Really? Some of that cloth now is two and three dollars a yardl �A: Yeah. Q: What kind of roots and gerbs did you gather? A: There way May Apple, Blood Root, Black Cohosh, Blue and Stone Root, and Quill Root. Q: Quill Weed? A: Quil Weed, yeah. Hydrangeas, something that is on the root list, hydrangeas was then. Gather pine tips to make Christmas roping and skin white pine bark. Q: What were some of these used for? A: Oh, it was all used for medicine. Q: Can you still sell them today? A: Oh, yeah. It was 2C a pound. (Mrs. Greer's neighbor) Beadwood leaves are 15C a pound green now, 30C for dry. Q? What are they used for? A: Medicine Q: Any particular type of medicine? A: (Mrs. Greer) No, don't know what kind. (Mrs. Hartley) It's Oxblood that they use for heart medicine, they sell it up here at Boone, that medicine for heart trouble made o : of oxblood. u| It had a little purple bloom on it. Star root and Gensang and �lady's slipper, wild cherry bark, "sassyfat" root bark, that's a tree. Q: What is lady's slipper used for, do you know? A: Some kind of medicine, I don't know what. And Beth Root and Indian Turnip, sprigmint and angelico. Q: I've heard some of these, but some I've never heard of before. Like I have heard of ginsang and things like that. They pay a pretty good price for tinat, don't they? A: Dollar an ounce. (Mrs. Greer) get hardly nothing. (son) Pepper drinks that you but. Q: A: It wasn't back then, you didn't You take now, you know these Dr. That's wild cherry flavor. It is? Yeah and this here root beer drinks that you buy? That's sassafras flavor. Q: It is? I didn't know that. So they use some of these herbs for those drinks too?v> A: (Son) I think so. (Mrs. Hartley) Sassafras and you never see no drink made with Beadwood do you? Q: Is that a herb or root or something? A: A little branch. (Mrs. Greer) just pull the leaves off. That's �what we's telling you was 15C a pound, green now. we are talking about spicewood.. (Mrs. Hartley) Mo, Them there are beadwood leaves, they are called witch hazel on the list. Q: Yeah, I have heard of that. Did your family used to use any of these for medicine, like when you could'nt get hold of a doctor? A: Oh, yeah. Make tea out of them and catnip, catnip tea. TMey used to make catnip tea and boneset and lemon balm and another kind we gathered, bugle weed, and wild horse mint. What people hepatitis 'now, wild cherry- tea from wild cherry bark will cure that in two or -three days. (Mrs. Greer)- Lord a mercy, yeah. I took my, one of my young'uns had it one time, had that for I don't know how long and I took her to the doctor time after time and she didn't get no better, just laid there like she's dead or something. Little girl came up and she was-well her and Mizelle was A'sout the same age I reckon and she said, "I had that stuff and Momma made me some wild cherry bark tea," and said, "It cured me". So I said wouldn't j^t, no harm in trying. ANd I went down here and got me some and fixed her some and in three days she's well. Q: Did you tell the doctor what you had done? A: No, they wouldn^tbelieve you. it. He'd say some of his medicine done �8 Q: Wild cherry bark, is that what it is? A: Yeah (Mrs. Hartley)' and Balm of Gilead buds you pick them. I picked eleven pounds one time and took them to Boone and got eleven dollars for it. Q: Really? Do they fix. them in town or do they send them off somewhere? A: They ship them. Q: Did you mother or grandmother used to have any home remedies, like for Wtan4lvLkids were sick? A: Oh yeah, Catnip tea and wild cherry tea, boneset. If I had to die or drink boneset , I'd have to die because I couldn't swallow that. Q: A: That is a bitter thing, oh nasty. (Mrs. Greer) Corn silk tea's good for your kidney's if you can get it ciown, but getting it down. (Son) Have you ever tasted any Quinine? Q: I have heard of it, but I have never tasted of it I don't think. A: (Mrs. Greer) Well they used to give us quinine when we was little for a high fever. Q: Really? Did it cut it down? �A: Yeah, but it would run you crazy. (Mrs. Hartley) was assifidity, you buy it at the drugstore. That there You can put that in a- put that in some kind ofaicokol, it is awful good medicine for your stomach. (Mrs. Greer) Yeah, for babies for the cholic. (Mrs. Hartley) Now you can tell her what you make. Q: (To Sofl) What do you make? A: Well, few dancing dolls,-and churns, buckets, and lamps. Things of that nature. Q: How did you get started in doing these things? Making these things. A: Making them? Q: How did you get started making them? A: How did I get started? Q: Why did you get started making them? A: I picked it up myself. Q: You just wanted to start making them? A: Yeah, well in fact I think I must have been gifted to work like that because that is what I like. Q: You sell these to craft shops? �10 A: Yeah to different places. There's not alot to be made at it because there is to many in it. Ocaasionally I build a little machinery once in a while for woodwork as the drill, lathes, grip saws, ^B^rfLuS. a"d things like that. Q: What kind of instruments do you have, do you own that you play? A: I have three right now, two guitars and a harmonica. Q: You have a dulcimer, don't you? A: (Mrs. Greer) Yeah, he's gonna build him one. one to build him one. (Mr. Hartley)) not mine, I borrowed ri.t. He borrowed that The dulcimer , that's I got it and I'm gonna get the pattern off of it to build one for myself. Q: Oh, how long do you think it'll take to build one? A: Weil, now I wouldn't have the least idea, because I ha^re never built one of those. Q: Well that makes sense. A: Well, no, I just work around home. craft work. Do you have a certain job you work at? I do garden work, I do some Well, occasionally I'll work away from home <X livrl^j help somebody finish a house of something like that, but not very often. Q: Oh, so you just stay around home and work mainly and carve all this �11 stuff? A: Well, I have been playing the guitar and other instruments like that. I reckon I been where I could play an organ ever since I coiald walk because they was an organ in the home when I was born wasn't there? Q: Who played it? A: The whole family. Q: Where did you get it? A: (Mrs. Hartley) (Mrs. Hartley) Yeah. Roebuck then. Ordered it fro'm Roebuck, Sears. (Mr. Hartley) I am gonna show you. It was Sears I have something in a few minutes It is a 1908 Sears catalog. Q: Really? Is it an original one? A: (Mrs. Hartley) Yeah. Q: Is it one that you all had? A: (Mr. Hartley) I found it advertland and I bought it. In a few minutes I'll get that out and we will go through it. Q: Okay. What can you remember about the Depression? A: (Mrs. Hartley) Well, I don't remember anything unusual that happened, Alot of people suffered for something to live on and you would see people- we lived in Tennessee part of the time at that time and you would see whole wagon trains going down there and stop �12 everywhere a wanting potatoes or something to live on. We made it pretty good through the Depression, but a lot of people suffered. Q: So it didn't affect you all as far as food? A: No, as far as food was concerned it didn't bother us. Q: Did any of the children leave home during the Depression to find work? A: No. Through the last Depression, now we went through two- one ±>out 1916 and one about 1930 and the first on I believe was the worse than the last one. We skinned pine bark and gathered stuff and bought food we had to have and o£ course we always put up a lot of food at home. (Mr. Hartley) Well the way it was, I remember just a little bit about it because I was very young, but the pBople that owned right much property and owned their own home where they could farm it, they made fairly wellthey growed allftheir own foor, but the people that rented or depended on jobs- they suffered. Q: Were neighbors helpful to each other during this time? Did they help each other out a lot during the depression? A: Oh yes. Some did- them that had anything divided with them that didn't. (Mr. Hartley) Well it was about the same way then I think it is now, there as some people that wouldn't work regardless, (Mrs. Hartley) and we helped Virgil folks down here out. had a big family. They �13 They didn't have - they owned their own home, but they didn't make much. We helped them out a lot. We always kept hogs , we killed hogs every fall, had plenty of meat, kept cows and had plenty of milk and butter and things like that. And then we growed a lot of corn and potatoes and beans and all kinds of stuff like that. Q: What about -this first depression? in 1916. A: I had never heard about it- What can you remember about it? I don't remember to much about that. remember that at all can you Vear? But these people- you can't It was hitting pretty hard on them, at that time, them that didn't have nothing to live on. And we gathered pine bark and all such things as that in order to buy the the things you can't raise like sugar and coffee, salt and stuff like that. (Mr. Hartley) Made no difference what you took to the store when they ran out of herbs at regular how much, you never got no money for it. If you get enough you get it all up in groceries or whatever you needed. They wrote out what they called a due bill. Q: A what? A: (Mrs. Hartley) A due bill. not a penny. Wouldn't never give you no money, People couldn't hardly get enough money to pay their taxes at all. Q: What did they do when they couldn't pay their taxes? A: They just let them go until they could pay them. �14 Q: Just let it pile up kind of? A: Yeah, our tax never did. We never did have our property advertised for tax, but the last paper we got there's two whole pages people's land advertised for tax. Q: They advertised it for sell for their tax. A: So they could pay their tax they were gonna sell their li'.nd— A: Mo they had to pay it with that. Now a lot of people owns enough that they pay their tax and never miss it, but they don't want to you see. (Mr. Hartley) What's the matter with times now they're taxing people so high and they're getting sick of it. (Mrs. Hartley) They will tax them so high that they CQiA't pay it hardly. Q: You said that your father had a farm. Did he ever take any of his products into towns to sell? A: No not much, well they used to. Used to take a yoke of oxsns and a load of Irish potatoes to Lenoir. Take them about three days to go «Iown there and back and they would take them a load of Irish potatoes down there to town and sell them and bring back a load of flour. Q: How would he get it? Would he get his flour like in A: Iibags just like it's bought now, cloth bags. back a thousand ppund6 at one tirae. I have seen him bring �15 Q: A thousand? How long would it take you all to run through a thousand pounds of flour? A: Oh, we didn't use it all. He let other people have alot of it. I would ruin before we could use a thousand pounds. Q: What else could he get besides flour? When he took his produce in what else could he bring hack? A: Well he never did bring anything , but flour. Q: Is that all? A: .Yeah. You see they had a little grocery store round here just below the church and there's one down on the creek and you could get all things like that, well we could have got flour, but I remember Wivius_ 4iu/ju. wasn't no flour in the stores, nor no meal either, Q: Why not? A: They just didn't sell it then. the flour mills to but flour. They'd have to go to Lenoir to the (Mr. Hartley) We raised wheat, lot of wheat, had to take it to the mill and have it ground. Q: Did you have a lot of wheat? A: No, not too much. Q: Just enough to live off of? A: Yeah, we raised wheat and rye, cut it by hand. �16 Cut it with an old-fashioned cradle. I bet you've never seen one one of them. Q: A: I don't know whether I have or not. Oh they had a blade that long and then a little bitty fingers on it about- they's little bigger round than your finger and I guess they was about 40 inches long. You'd just take that cradle, swing it around, get you a bundle and just pour it off of it. You'd get about a bundle ever lick. and rye both. I've bound wheat Go along behind the cradle and tie it up in shocks and let it dry and then stack it or thrash it- stack it and then the thrashing machine come and thrashed it, after there got to be any thrashing machines. A lot of people thrashed it out by hand. Q: How would you do that? A: Fixed them a thrasing floor and spread that our on it and just beat that grain out of it. Q: Oh, I ' l l bet that was hard work, wasn't A: Yeah. it? Then you could hold it up and the wind was blowing it'd blow every bit of the chaff and trash out of it and you just had clean wheat. Q: Isn't there something in the "Bible about the wind blowing the chaff away. �17 A: Yeah Q: With all the work around the farm, when did you all find time to play? A: When you were children? Oh we didn't play none. I was having to tend to the young'uns till I got too big to play. Q: So you never got to play? A: No, No. Q: Did your brothers and sisters ever have any little games that I didn't play none. No. they used to play? A: Oh yeah. Played ball and once in a while I could get time to jump rope or something. (Mr. Hartly) Q: What would you do? A: Veil, we'd get out and maybe we'd go somewhere there's a big a big whole of water- go swimming, or we'd get out in a good cool place in the voods, set around and talk, find us a good grapevine to swing on and played with that. Then after we ' <' learned to play music we'd get together some of us over the weekends, get back where it was cool at. Maybe a whole crowd of us gather around, play sing, and dance. sometimes keep as many as four cows (Mrs. Hartley) We'd and it's whole lot of trouble to take care of youTmilk and keep it clean. �18 Q: How would you go about doing it? A: Well, you'd just milk the cows and then strained your milk and diurn, make butter. And we kept four or five old hogs all the time and we'd feed the hogs milk and now give $1.;35 a gallon for milk. Q: Did you have any kind of ice box or something to keep your milk and stuff in? A: No, but it kept in the spring. Kept a race below the spring water ran in it all ihe time. Q: Oh, I bet it kept a lot colder, too, didn't it? A: Yeah, it kept it good and cold. We had a spring box down here when we lived here and we kept our milk in the water. (Mr. Hartley) The way we'd do-that we'd get some kind of good wide board, make a box* Make it waterproof. Go right down below the spring, we'd dig out a space in that branch there that would fi>^ it so the water would stand about eight inches deep in the box -and the W^W- hjojld, flow through that box all the time and that's what kept the milk and butter cold. Q: Looks like after a while the water would start to rot the box or something. A: Oh, it won't run under the water at all. �19 Q: What the box. wouldn't be under water? A: No, not under water, no. Q: How long did you have to use it like this before you got an icebox1 A: I guess about my whole lifetime up until about thirty years ago. Q: Really? A: About thirty of thirty-five years old. I guess I was thirty-five, maybe forty before we ever got refrigerator. our first refrigerator in '55. five years old then. (Mr. Hartley) We got (Mrs. Hartley) Well,X was fifty- (Mr. Hartley)) Well, you see we didn't get ttie electricity until '54, then '55 we got the refrigerator. (Mrs. Hartley) We didn't have no electricity till about '54. Q: Iteally? A: (Mr. Hartley) They didn't nobody around down in here have no electric til right up around '53. (Mrs. Hartley) Electric wasn't down in here til that time. Q: Wasn't that hard not having electricity? A: Well you never was used to it, you wouldn't miss it, if you never knew nothing about it. But now if you were to go back and didn't have electricity it would be rough. It would be bad now. never was a car down here til about '22, 1922. down here. There Not even one car �20 Q; Really? Do you remember if that is that the first time you had ever seen a car? A: Oh, no. I had rode in a car before that time. Q: Wiat did you think about the car when you first saw it? A: Oh, I didn't think much about it. First car I was ever in was Charlie Watson's, when Roxy and Deity, my two sisters went to Boone to lave their tonsils out. and I rode in that car. taken out. That was nineteen and eighteen I went with them to KuVt- their tonsils But the first car that was ever down in here was Seymore Carroll's car and they never was a car down in here til '22. Q: Why not? Just nobody down here had one? At No they couldn't get in and out of here. There wasn't no road. Couldn't get in and out, no there wasn't no road they could drive on. Q: So that's how you traveled before you had a car? A: Yeah, walked. I walSed. I could walk then. First time I ever went to Boone I was eighteen years old before I ever went to Boone. Q: How long would it take you getting there wilking? A: Oh not long, not too long, no. Deerfield, that way. Went up to Jake's mountain through �21 And the first time I ever went to Boone I went up there to my mothers sisters, walked up there. We got back home about two o'clock. Q: Did you? And that is the first time that you had been to Boone? A: First time I ever went to Boone I was eighteen years old. Q: What did you think about it? What did it look like when you were eighteen, what did the town look like? A: I don't remember. cThere wasn't too many buildings there. I remember Roby Blackburn's, went into see him, she-her son had died and she went up there to, have , be appointed administrator. Roby Blackburn up there and he asked me how old I was. And I saw I told him I was ei ghteen and he said I was old enough to begin to court just a little bit but I wasn't old enough to get married yet. Now most all the buildings that was up there at town, I would say fourteen years ago, was torn down. Q: Really? What kind of buildings were up there? A: Well, there's some of them was dwellings and some of them was for business purposes. Now up at the place where I bought my first Gibson guitar I ever owned was tore down. the theater is at? You know that parking lot just above it? Right there. Q: You know where That is where it was? The store? �22 A: Yeah, it belonged to Richard Greene. Q: Richard Greene? A: Yeah he owned it. He owned the store? He had his music store in the basement of his house.' Q: And it/s torn down? A: He is dead now. Did he go into another business or what? I have got the guitar now yet, the one I bought from him. Q: The very first one you bought? A: No, it is just the third one but it is the first Gibson. Q: Oh, -that is the kind that my brother has. I think it is a Gibson. When'did you get your first guitar? A: The first guitar I got was in, the first one that I ever owned I got it in 1936. Q: Who did you get it from? A: Sears and Roebuck. Q: Did you? A: Uh huh. Do you still have it? I wished I had kept it. A guitar like it today costs $32.00 and that one costs four dollars and thirty-nine cents. �23 Q: What kind was it. A: Silverstone. Q: Prices have certainly changed. A: (Mrs. Hartley) You could get a good cow for $15.00 but you had to work thirty days to get that $15.00. Q: WMit, just doing any kind of work? A: Any kind of woirk that you done you just got 50C a day and you had to go to work at 6:00 of the morning and work till 6:00 of the evening, for 50C. Q: That is the most you could make was 50£? A: 50C, 50C a day, and people got so they could get a dollar a day for work and they thought they's going to town. Women, when they worked they got 25C a day and the woman would do just as much a« the man, they got, a man got, 50C a day and that wasn't fair. Q: What kind of jobidid the women have to do? A: Oh, they would get and work in the fields hoeing corn and working out like tbat. Q: What about the men, what did they do? A: They would do things like that too. Worked in timber and the saw- �24 mill, cut timber and logs, and I worked in the sawmill. They wasn't no way to get lumber out of here only haul it out with,* team. Couldn't get in here with a truck. Q: Either oxen or horses? A: Oxens or horses. Q: Didn't you say that your father worked wi-fk the sawmill? A: Yes Q: Would he just cut up the lumber? A: He usually logged. Q: Logged? A: Pull logs into the sawmill out of the mountains. What would he do, what do you mean by logging? He'd pull them with teams and he done a lot of carpenter work, too. (Mr. Hartley) He helped build every house that was built in the neighborhood, until he died. Q: He was probably a pretty \\&rd worker then, pulling all that stuff. A: Yeah Q: How long has it been since you have made a quilt? A: I ain't been too long. four years. (Mrs. Greer-neighbor) It's been about (Mrs. Hartley) I guess it has since we made one. But I've got some more to make cause I have got some to quilt. �25 I ain't got nowhere to put them up to quilt. Ain't got room in here and it is too hot upstairs in the summer time and too cold in the winter time. Q: Where did you used to quilt them? A: We'd quilt them right here but we didn't have as many things in this room, (Mrs. Hartley left the room to get a quilt to show me so I talked to Mr. Hartley about school until she got back.) Q: How much schooling did you have? A: I went to the fourth grade and then I got sick end had to quit. Q: Do you remember your first year of school, the Very first day of of school? A: Yeah, I didn't like it. Q: You didn't like it? A: Well, I didn't like my teacher awfully good. Q: Where did you go to school? Ai It was down here. Why not? I tell you, you know down yonder where come down, you know where the church is around there? Well, you know where you come on down to that road you turn left to come straight on down this way? Well you remember after you got on down, you �26 remember that house that's setting over that creek? Right there was where the school house was at. Q: Really? How long has it been since they have torn it down? A: They te.d the last school house there at the '40 flood. (Mrs. Hartley returned with her quilt) Q: Oh, this is beautiful! When did you make this one? A: It ain?.t been too long since we quilted this one. Q: Is this a certain pattern? A: Star. (Mr. Hartley) If she wants to make a certain design in her quilting, I help her figure her patterns out. Q: Do you make up the patterns? A: Yeah Q: I knew that there were some certain patterns to go by but I didn't know that you all had made these up. pretty. A: Oh, these are Now, do you do these by machine or hand or what? (Mrs. Hartley) I can do it by hand or by machine or either one, It is quilted by hand. Q: Are you ging to go back to quilting? A: I don't know. I don't know whether I could or not. I've got �27 I ain't hardly able to do nothing. A: (Hr. Hartley) People used to talk about seeing such hard times back then, I don't wonder at it. Took everything they could rake and scrape to buy buttons with to go on the clothes aad they was made of brass, and brass never was cheap. (Mrs. Hartley) Well, people back then didn't know how to have nothing. The land vas worth three times as much as it is now and -they planted about four hill of corn to the acre. (Mr. Hartley) They would plant •the corn four foot apart each way. Q: They just didn't know? A: (Mrs. Hartley) Didn't know hosr to do it. take you right now and show you a farm. (A\r. Hartley) I can It is in Ashe County and it is a beautiful farm too and way back, it is a great big farm about 300 acres was sold for one old hog rifle. Swapped for one rifle. Q: Really? Whose farm'-is it? A: Cooper's, Cooper's farm. (Mrs. Hartley) People used to buy all all the land the land they wanted for $4.00 an-acre. (Mrs. Hartley) Sell any kind of old bluff for $2.00 an acre. Q'i Why do you think their has been such a drastic change in the prices of land and everything>else? A: Well I don't know. People has just got to be bigger dogs than �28 they used to be I reckon. (Mr. Hartley) and what's run the prices of land up here in the mountains so much is the people from Florida and also from the North coming back here, and what I think has really happened is people has made so much money they either have a farm or a lot that costs just so they got it. See they could buy that land cheaper than they could pay their income tax. Q: What do you all think about all these people coming from Florida aid like from the North coming in and building houses and all these condominiums and things on top of mountains? A: (Hrs. Hartley) Well, I don't exactly approve of that, do you? (Mr. Hartley) Well, I will tell you what I think about that. I think we should hold that more or less for the people in our own state. a home. Now say for instance,say you wanted to go buy you How much more would that home cost you on that account? A 30, a $25.000 and a $30.000 home now ain't worth over $45.000. And they will burn you. up building it. And'the labor costs on a home now is more than the material to build it. people wfisn^t work like they used to did. Because And most of the contractors when you build now, they build you a house at costs plus 10%. Well they don't try to save nothing on that building material. They don't try to save nothing on the lot. Now they don't care how long it takes them to build it, why the more they are going to make. self. (Mrs. Hartley} Well, built our house practically his He cut every piece of framing in it but three. it his self. He built �29 Q: How long did it take you to build it? A: Well, in getting my^timber out and having it sawed, it took me a little over a year. See, I cut my own logs and had them sawed. I built this houee for a little less thafa $22.00. I am thinking about, I don't know whether I will or not, I been thinking a little bit about building me another one. Me and a friend of mine are going to buy a sawmill, in fact we are going to build us one a piece. Yeah, we are going to cut our own timber. Q: Where would you build it? A: I would probably build right around here somewhere and my friends gonna build one about a quarter of a mile on up above here. Right there's where I was born and raised. Q: You said awhile ago when I was talking to you about school. Do you remember any experiences that you had in grade school? A: Well, not but a very few of them, Matter of fact, what I liked about school, only it was different than it is now. We run up with a problem then in school that you didn't know what to do with, your teacher, she would come to your seat and sit with you and explain dt to you and help you, or my teachers would. She would work with the whole class like that as long as we had her for a teacher. learned in school and learned and learned fast. And my favorite subject was arithmetic, but today we call it math. Q: How much schooling did you have Mrs. Hartley? We �30 A: They just, when I was growing up they was just three months school. Maybe I would get to go two or three days during the whole term. never went to school none to amount to nothing. I (Mrs. Greer) She can out read any body you ever seen. Q: Did you teach yourself to read? A: Yeah. Q: You did? A: Well, •-! just got to reading every little thing I could come across. How did you know how to teach yourself? (Mrs. Greer) there? Q: You see all them books and things stacked up across She reads everything in the world. That is really good. What about your brothers and sisters, did they get to go to school? A: Oh yeah, they went to school. Q: Did your parents go to school? A: Yeah, both of them could read and write. Q: How many years did £hey go? A: I don't know. They didn't have no school much. Back then children didn't get to go to school, they had to work, and their wasn't no compulsion school laws then. Q: I never went to school none hardly. Do you know what they used'to do Hor discipline in the schools? �31 A: Used to whip them. stand up. Sometimes make them slay in. Sometimes make them I was going to school in an old log cabin, and one boy, they made him stand up and he fainted. He was a grown man just about, Granville Tripplett. Q: Who was it? A: Qranvilfc Tripplett. Q: Do you say you went to school in a log cabin? A: Yeah. Q: Was it one room? A: fust one room and they didn't have no glass in them, just open He is dead now. windows and a big old fireplace, they kept a fire in it, big old chimney, kept a fire in. Q: Who would keep the chimney supplied with wood? A: Well, the students would. Yeah, they was woods all around it and and they would cut the wood. Q:, About how many students would be in the classroom? A: They would be about. I've got a group here of pictures taken, maybe I can find it. Q: What did they used to do for discdpLine when you went to school? A: (Mr. Hartley) Well, sometimes they would use a switch on them, �32 sometimes a paddle or they'd rnark a ring out in the center of the floor and make them stand on one foot for a certain length of time. Q: What if they would fall? What would the teacher do if they lost their balance? A: Send them back to their seat. Then alot of times they would make them mark a ring on the floor and make them hold their arm up like that for a certain length of time, ot again go up and put a dot on the board and make them stand on their tiptoes with their nose in that dot on the chalkboard. Q: Just anything they could think of to do. A: Yeah. But I will tell you though, the teacher I had was good to them but she kept them under control. Q: Was she a strict teacher? A: Well, the same teacher I went to was my first grade teacher, second, third and fourth grade as the grades come up for me, why she got up, she come up and started teaching higher grades., Q: Who was she? A: It was Ollie Triplett at that time, it is Ollie Thompson now. Q: So she would just move up with you all in the grades? As you would move up to another grade, she would move up? A: Well, see she would go to school herself when school was out. She �33 would build herself up to it,. She'd teach around here and -then when school was out she would go to college. Q: Well how would the teacher go about teaching if you were all different ages? A: Would he teach you all at one time? No, they had certain classes for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th grades. Q: Would they all be in the same room? A: Yeah. Q: What would the other ages be doing when he was teaching another age group? A: They was, they'd just call them up to class and have them recite one class at a time. Q: What would the others be doing though? A: Be studying. (Mr. Hartley) I believe folks back then days too Wis alot stricter with their younguns than they are now. Back then it is a possibility that they were too strict with their family andnow it is a possibility that some of them are not strict enough. Don't you believe that a lot of this doping that has got dnto the college and many different places, don't it start at the students homes? Q: I couldn't really say. �34 A: (Mrs. Hartley) No, I don't really believe parents, if they know that, I don'tAtheir parents would allow it. Of course alot of the parents are dopes too. (Mr. Hartley) Yeah, what I mean, I think alot of times I believe these things begins at home. Q: Probably so. Probably has the roots of it at home. A: Or at least in the hometown. You see, the students that go to college up there are from all over. some cases their from other nations. All over the nation and I don't know you might not agree but I think in America, I don't think they should allow anybody in Boone to have schools but for theJAmerican students. And you know that as messing up our nations too much and that is giving other nations the chance to learn too much about our affairs, Q: You think they should stay in.their own nations and country and go to their own schools? A: I think that we'd be better off. Q: That is interesting. A: This United Nations"4Keu have got I don't think too much of fchat. Because we are paying for all of it and the other nations are paying for none of it. Q: We are paying all the expenses. You don't think that it is helping keep peace or something with other countries or anything? A: There^ is no way to keep peace with other countries because we have �35 done found, looks to me we've done found that out. All they are doing now, just trying to get everything out of us that they can and we are giving it to them. Now I have had people that stayed in i Germany for three or four years andhow I had a cousin, her and her husband stayed ovet there for four years and she told me that the German people had any love for Americans they did not. they hated our guts. fact. (Mrs. Hartley) She said that And I wouldn't doubt it that ain't about the Now I think that our government authorities is just doing the American people awful wrong. They are taxing them out of all reason in the world and then sending it to them people over seas now that is not fair. I don't think they should do that. (Mr. Hartley) Well, now you know when they settled this here peace treaty there in Vietnam, whenithey went- and signed that peace treaty and they wanted to i give North Vietnam so many million dollars, two and and a half million, I think, and South Vietnam two and a half million , I agree with you that isn't fair, it isn't fair. Q: What, to give them the money? A: To give thm the money to build back with. They was the ones that started the war and they were the ones tho^" tore up everything. Vfty not let them fix it back themselves. Q: Where would they get the money to fix :it back? A: (Mrs. Hartley) Where did they get all the money to buy all that equipment for the war? �36 Q: Well, that is right. A: (Mr. Hartley) I think to let them whup theirselves, that would teach them a leason. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with William and Elizabeth Hartley, June 11, 1973 Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Hartley was born in Arnold's Branch, North Carolina in 1900 and lived on a farm where her only job was to collect herbs and dig roots. William Hartley is the son of Elizabeth Hartley. Mr. and Mrs. Hartley both talk about growing up and childhood activities such as picking herbs, but they both agreed their childhoods were mostly hard. Mr. Harley talks about playing instruments like the organ and his interest in music, while Mrs. Hartley discusses her hobby of quilting. They both reminisce about what it was like living through the Great Depression and such as using electricity for the first time in 1953 and seeing their first car in 1922. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Weaver, Karen Hartle, William and Elizabeth Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 36 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape73_William&ElizabethHartley_1973_06_11M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Triplett, NC Subject The topic of the resource Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--North Carolina--Watauga County Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-11 Elizabeth Hartley farming Great Depression herbs homemade remedies instruments Quill Weed quilt making quilts roots sawmill schoolhouse Triplett William Hartley https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1c04874866d2f6313dada5f54c78381b.pdf e9fdcfa2c1181ce72c540cb6fcb66ae6 PDF Text Text -p I—j •H *—1 £ !H O 43 •H T: CIj -p 0 ^H CLj •H ^Til T",' rH _d :ti e d CU S-Hl _f_i 0 r.Q * h^j ,—\: •~-J o £_^ PH r*i SH O -P GJ S O ^ (i) -^ 'H. • o G.' 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'H—• ""•te P-J ^ i£l ^g CTJ •H l> (Tj i-A GO 43 Q; ,-VH _C TJ •H rir^ &•! c\ o r-ti ft JU --j O t^ Qsj t-J & \\) ! -H cA i—i •3 *-j O.1 r-0 •rH i—t JH -p 0) ^H ^ CU tu) cti PL, ""^ . t_0 ' , " P^i .4...) S~i ri" -^H S "G d r-J r-^ 03 rQ ft f>? JD .O cO O •,2 , H 0 lij jj ;y* «C| ^-XJJ r\^ »% fH '.Ti O S-t -P~ Cn -O SH (D -j~3 ,-TJ VJ b o * £ —j K ! i-- _c; • ^-H T.1 CD ^ o •H SH •CD -P T" cti f.'} C? �Page Q: Were .your chicken;:; principlly fcr egg production? A: X e a h , just for eggs. Q: Did yen. have any boilers or roaster;;? A: No, we just carried a few layers mostly then. Took, one ana ate ore occasionally, jutvt more for laying, Q: Were you cows principlly .fcr meat or for milk? A: T b e y ' s for milk., most alt for milk and calves. Q: ¥ our hogs. W e ' d kill a b e e f , bat prin^:iplly Raise the calves, you k n o w , and sell them. You mentioned, you had hogs. f a r m , o.r did you let A: of them. Dio yon keep them on the them run f r ^ c ? No we kept them up here in pens. We never did let them run. out r u o h We just .kept three or lour for our killing, you know what 1 .moan. A: us abont t h a t ? A: Well, I remember about Easter, UL- boys would get out, and :.:i;ea.L the egg,., ana hirie them in the hay stack' a.nd w e ' d have around, 1 guesG, half a. bushel of Easter egg,-3 that w e ' d g e t . gach as that, 1 remember- t h a t mighty good. Q: Did you color egge? A: Yeah, colored eggs, bcilea egge, fried eggs, I looked forwarn to "Easter. Q: What aid you use to color the eggs? A: Well, we u e u a J l v got. gras:- and onion hull;: to make our green- Brovaa, �Page 3 now that was alder bark. Ana blue, I forget what we made the blue out o.f. We used to make up a coloring out of stuff like that you know and color. Get a pretty good, color too. Mrs. A: A: And then we'd get cloth, you know,, that would fade... ...put that around them and that there would make a pretty color. Q: How was Christmas? A: Well, my Christmas was gun shooting, gun mostly. fellow to hunt, shoot guns. you know, have a big time. Mrs. A: Coming down A: I was a powerful We'd usually get out a crowd of us hunting, Looked forward to old Santy when we was young. the chimney. Never did get to see him come down the chimney, and I finally dec idea there wasn't any Santy Glaus. $: Did he bring you anything? A: Yeah, he'd usually bring us some toys. back them days, and a bucket of candy. And my A stick of candy mostly, stepmother'd make a whole lot of little cookies, you know, like animals and such as that. We thought that was a big Christmas, you know, then. Mrs. A: A: You got to make fire balls and throw them. Yeah, get to make fire balls. A crowd of us get out 'with kerosene, roll them up about as big as of your fist, and soak them in kerosene oil. Get us on some gloves and we'd throw them as high as they coula. had a big time such as that. Boy, we Shooting firecrackers, roman candles, skyrocket; Q: Were there any celebrations of the Fourth of July around here? A: No, they never did pay much attention back then to the Fourth of July. About like any other day. They went about, everybody. They worked on the Fourth of July just same as they would the third. usually celebrate, you know, on the Fourth of July. But now, they A lot of people. �Q: How w'i s the work on the farm done princlplly, like yc^r plowing, your cultivating? A: Plowed it kith a yoke of cattle. Kce it kith hoet;. Cultivate, maybe with one steer, single steer, you know, tangle yoke. Mrs. A: A: Thought you bad some horses? No, he never did Keep much. a yoke cattle. Always had When they'd got 30 big and old, he'd nell them off, and get iiim a. young one, and I'd break Q: He liked a yoke o.i' cattle. them in for bin. Were mot:t of the crops that you grew for your owr; use or aid you eeil Gome? A: No, we j u s t a b o u t made enough for buy a. little. Q: curcelves. Now ana tiv-n have bc^ D o n ' t reckon ive ever sold i'ny. How omen y t u f f were you able to produce on your farm and how K U C H ,:;tu.ff did you have to go to the store and buy? A: We produced might near to everything e,xcept sugar salt, eoaa a r x " . . . . Mra.A: Coffee. A: 'Coffee and stuff like that, We rna.de about everything V;H oat back then, e.xcept something like that. MrB.A: Had their own cows and milk, you know, eniekene, egg:;. Had their own hogs. A: They depended on making their living and laying it up. their living up in the summer to o:.o them that w i n t e r . get out i:n'id w o r k or e] ;:,p they cut They d i d n ' t have to fi.rewood or something, and eut firewood. Plenty of timber, you knov:. a big tree, une it for firewood. They laid lined f j I'eplace:-, A man could get out ana cut 1 guens that tree would now bring two or t h r e e hundred d e J l a r a . Q: How did they keep the food.? you t;aid they laid up in tine '..aiiruaei1. �What would they ri.r-:e i.n the winter. A: How' aid th.ey preserve Well, corn we had a big crib, you know. get dry, and put it :in tlier^. bar1"!-Is arid s t u f f ' , ry- j . Meat, y o u ' d salt it layer of s a l t . it? W e ' a shuck our corn when it Buckwheat, i t ' d ary out and w e ' d j u s t put in I t ' d keep it right, on, I r e c k o n . away in a. tog meat box you knew. 1 d o n ' t knove. A layer of meat, •-> Had enough meat there to last no telling how long. Now i t ' s go to the store to get a little piece. Q: Y e a h , and t h a t ' s a b o u t all you get, a little piece. A: A little piece tor a lot of money. A: HOK as-out the fruits and vegetables? (to Mrs. A) You rtdghf be able to tell me about that. fD's.A: A: About drying. he know;s more about if t h a n I do. h e ' s the one t h a t . . . . They canned oher.ries, si.raivberries, apples, stuff like that. usually has plenty of that to do us. Raised ca,ne. T~e.y Make cane molasses, PI-.T, them in a b.i g barrel, you iino^. Mrs.A: A: you? Had bees, drawed them. Put honey in cans. The "way we done that molasses. You never seen a molasses barrel, did I t ' s a b o u t like a 60 gallon oil barrel. A wooden barrel. And t h e r e ' s a big, they called it a bung hols:, you know about the middle of i t . get a funnel and pour the moiass.es down, in there and he had him pieces of timber, He'd a conple lie wanted to get molasses, h e ' d just roll that <iown to where t h e y ' d come out t h e r e , when you wanted to get you out some to e a t . Q: How did you make molasses? A: You raised cane, you stip it, a cane mill, ana boil the juice down. and top it. Haul it in, srind it in 1 guess i t ' d take about five gallon o f ' j u i c e i,o make a gallon of moia.sees, something like that.. a whole lot of juice, you k n o w . Grind if But tk^y made in a cane mill and make s �wa ber coming out all the time. Q: You never did, see any made, did y o n ? I ' v r seen films of people making it, I ' v e never seen It in p e r s o n . Did you all make maple syrup. A: Tap trees and make maple syrup and tree sugar. Tap ane. boil the wattr down like you. do the other, only not as big of vessels. as RID oh water as yoa do with cane juice. You. d o n ' t get Takes about a bushel of water to make about a quart of molasses of the sugar tree water. you never seen any made of tree molasses, 1 guess? Did, you ever see - Sugar, maple syrup? Well, we caLleo it t r e e molasses. Q: Was the tre<-s sugar that you m a d e . . . . A: We boiled it on a little more, a little longer , than when it got down to molasses. Pour it put , i t in, you know. out in a vessel, grease your vessel yoi s i^anf t.o Make a cake, a dish or something, tea cup or anything, pint, -4 little butter it and, grease. while i t ' s colling, a ca l -e of tree sugar. Pour it out in there hot. You stir i t Ano, then when if got cool, if was hard you Know. Just It was good t o o . Q: 'Was it A: Used what? Q: Did they use the tree sugar more than white sugar? A: N o , they used more white siigar then tree sugar a lot. sugar. used a lot instead of regular white sugar? Brown and whits Used a right smart amount of brown sugar back then. Q: Did you ever do any sawmilling? A: Not very much. Not enough to say anything. Worked around i.ner: just a little b i t , packing lumber or something, but t h a t ' s about a l l . Q: You said earlier that your f a t h e r owned, a store. How big of a store to.^8 it? A: Oh, 1 I w a s n ' t a very big store. Just a little eld country store. �: aitirq iT5T.fi ' noa SDETT UT s o u a j e i T T p jo wi y S p^D99r,i /su'i j;r C - q. ,api;noM o.i^qjj *q.rioq *.:JJOK s,A'r3'n K JOT noA" ^.rtq pYno« opdosd * U T AOUOUI no/ §UTJQ pynoM TT'KK sny 3sr jno/I SuTjq ppno.w a'eiTX '$OQ ^^BUI ppnco noj[ "qSTt.! ;;"C.« q r PTJB iiraop pc V �A: Some of them had the money ana some had chickens, eggs and butter and. stuff like that, you see. North You could- he could just turn that ever at Wilkesboro when he went after a wagon load of groceries. needed a lot of dry a tuff like that you know. If he There wasn't, very much money. There van a few, pretty well to do old farmers that had plenty of money. Took in a little money. Of course, little money then would be a whole lot of money now. Q: What size were the bjg farms around here? If you were going to categorize the farms, about what siae would be a big farm? A: Let's see. Well, somewhere - I don't know of any farms that you would call a farm much less than 60 acres to 230 to JOO. •were mighty scattered through, here back then. timber. These houses Plenty of land, plenty of And they finally got to using the timber, you know. hauling it to Shounels. 25 miles and a railroad run in there to Shounels, termessee, and over to Mountain City. got to getting better all the time. till they just got rich. Sawing it and And some got to sawmilling, and they And them fellows kept on sawmilling Two of my brothers, I guess they're worth about as much as anybody in the county, Mike and Glenn. They started out saw- milling and kept on till they got to bringing a lot of money and then they put them in a flooring plant. West Jefferson. Oak floring plant, make flooring here at And they made a lot of money, clear money there at that. Finally sold that out. Q: what was sawmilling like back then? They didn't hsve electricity tc A: No, steam boilsrs and sawmills - the mill part was a lot like a - the power was steam boilefr fired by wood you know. using gas motors. Then they got to That's about what they use now for saw milling; a gas m.ctcj �Q: Was sawrnilling a pretty hard business? Was it, harde>" t h a n farming .in this area? A: Pretty hard job that savmifling. Pretty hard, work, Q: Wore there any times, back whan you were growing up that -- ..Like then- was bad growing season and the farmer..,. A: They wag a f^w kind of droughts, you know, wet seasons, but they didrd make as much as some seasons as others. Good and bad, sort of like it is now. Q: Were there times when you were really digging deep and ui.gel aa as your t>sft for lack of food? A: No, they might nearly had enough bo live or; the year round, of course, people now days, children, they wouldn't know what to think if you set them down to buckwheat cakes and white gravy for breakf a si/, would they? Molasses and. berries, stuff like that. Q: 'I've eaten it many a time, A: Hove you? 0• \ai. v,-.- --, -. >- i.,-,^i. A: Such s...-, that is w;'iai we had back then. bread, corn bread. Mrs.A.: You're Rye bread, little wheat Two or three kinds of bread we had back then. going to make it sound piti.ful. A: flnh? Q: Sounds good, Mre.A: You:1 re going to make it sound pitiful if you don't hush. A: No, at wa0 pretty good times then. Didn't have to buy much, Q: Did your mother have a wood stove back: then? A: ieah, she had a wood stove. Q: Hid she ever have to cock in the fire place any? �Pase 1C A: Well, we had a fireplace. She'd cook beans on the fire. Had a big skillet, and she'd bake , a cake of corn bread, and if she cd.dn't want to fire up the stove and, the skillet on the hearth, you know. Guess you've seen that, haven't you, or have you? Q: Yeah. A: My, we got a daughter down here West Jefferson. They've got a den there and she got her big skillet and she still - in winter time, when she's got ,-• fire in the aen fireplace, she'll bake her a big cai<e of corn breao. and set her sweet milk out a little while before if there's ice and cold and much ice. Mrs.A: A: money. Take it out of the refrigerator. Boy, she likes sorriotning like that. And tney're worth a lot of They just like that. Q: "What sort of things did your mother bake? Do you remember? A: Biscuits, corn bread, pancakes, rye bread, spple pies, cakes, stuff like that. Q: Did she like tha wood stove better than - I don't guess she ever did have an electric 31.eve? A: No, there wasn't no electric stoves back then. Q: Did she like cooking on the wood stove better than en the,... A: Fireplace? Yeah, they thought they'a up in the upper ten if they had a cook stove. They didn't all have cookstoves. But they finally kept on getting them in until they - got them a second hsnd one maybe. And when '.idle to buy them a new one, they'd buy an old stove. Q: Didn't have refrigerators back then, did you? A: No, we had a spring trough. Q: Like that one in yonder? A: Like one in yonder. spring, wsliea up of rocks. Not exactly like that one. We'd just have a I/fall ourselves a spring trough, ana fix that where it would go right on down to trie spring in there. Floor was up nere �en i'"'.?. JT'.r,. ' l • ': .'j'••'••> ' r ' TODr'C ' 0. •"•'"HI • i ^.r""-3 "' o3 ~ ' : i"-'i ';', q r yjo';. *j;'irio/' 't.s;q' :;&« s.n u;iqw oq. o3 oq nscn af. •q r,;5A'Bq I 'OK i,;-00j, Ao J-.J.A.O ;fci30 suoog oy PBOJ sryq. aesc; JMAS no/ SAHI, — ;:r>-Bg_ o']. r ;«oS 4.BUCJ. p^oj ^ua uo ^OT?g •a^Tioi^Toot.pR /.jqanoo F- ur '^ T^PI^a i ["ooqo!; oq o§ TIG./' prp o.ia'm "IT r f n a '>|3feM t UT ;3J'9n -q_T qorun q.,ur.-[-n.oM j p"[QD ;; GM qj 'jjnq_y pus :<5 -aaoog :V :5 �co m o -p a .o -\H '-—. Q, P-, •H C «-l -P o< c? C31 C3> �A: Oil, we had. a big time at them. have edeggi-r dialogee, all too; Black our facee Ilk- -I gg': r e , and kindo of things ...... they ' a cone fron far ana > ear they r a j'Lu>t nil that hor.ee th-y-.ro eeactiy ehee. we- ha'! our red, e Heel, er Q: What «ero eomo of the game;-- you played? A: Well, tad d play,, at jehool, w o ! d play jail, bane - haee-baj.i, ctnf.r' .Li »:•.:> t h a t . •-•-• ••oiui ; .S , you l::iow. tag, ti \\Ufi Just s5.n-3« aro'^i'id the i.'0;.a;s: thai, wa.;_; ono .you ci;;--,, iod Dron tho ha.aK.ei'ohi;:l' btT.:'i.nd oorrkvbody and then pull o'j.t •'•nd ;v;o:.i had to beat then tu get yoar place back vhore yen ;;;ta:r:i>x. .,;.•;!•? way We : \ a> <;•'.; th.. t ,r\ieht spiavt. Q: :f c:ah , wo a:e:e; tu play that at achcol. A: N", th.ey \va,e:d I ev,vr any -larieee back bhet- ai;, I rea7ie;nber. Mra.i.A: Were there ever ;-e;y Th*-y jc-j''j I:. ad d,i ri'ereat parties an^.i .110 dancing. A: Q: What did. you. do whea you were- courting? A: Oe, we w o n t . . . . Mi-,s.A: A: 'whena/ did yen ge oe late;: T h a t ' d bo '-, long story. W- d i d n ' t halve no h o r a e a.nd buggy bhen much. Tn<- r oonu eg .;..V:n ha: a. noiee:- end. buggy, ana they' ; takt; tneii- gird oat ofr a ridf'.-. W e ' d t k.3et, a creed o," ee ;i'.iet get together, you e v a:.iv, g...:t a r o u n d , go p.Lecee. maydi':, up on M o u a t a i a ; p].:;,,.:r te look o f t . bee;; thoro havoeH you? thinik net-hing -jbout it Wore!- than Bloving Rod', Abo;,t chree ridlo valk. Walk:i:j| Yeu' • W o ' d .d.;.oe w a l k ta-.-r: 3ed - big crowd get together - eix or seven of u.e, you Q: Die you eaye pierei.ee? A: Pi.crd.ee, yeah, Q.: Were there ;•, l o t of aerieiuei ty a c i d viii t .:; b;,.;k. ei-e? bao picnice, had a oi g t-imi^ at th;.K. �Pasx 1: A: ik j ah, they had big revival aeeting:; 1 • the c h u f c h . and held LL about a week, sometimes Uvo weeks. going to meetings. About one a year Had " pretty &.i;:' ii;;ie W e ' d court a right much then, gel eg back and f o r t h to Church. Q: Hov; often did you hav> your regular sivoday oervicco? Or we.r'f: the services every sunday? A: No. Evecj thiru sunday, I think uar time COKO. about four I'diurche;;}. The pr-yn^h^i 1 .had About i.;very third -unday h(.;'d get a r c v u n n ',o • : • . . Had ;.;un.T:.y cchool every auruiay. Mrs.A: A: Preachers had to come from Wf-ad:, Jrl'foraoii. Y'_ : ah. Some of bhem walked dow;i .from t o w n up here. and bag^iHO. Q: A: Lt don't uardly Bound like it Some had horde,;:. could be true, doe.-; it? What type o p preacher,;; ^ere they? Some; oi' tiit:;T!.i pretty good ane. uorric of them 1 i v o u l d n ' t w a l k fron: h(-•!.'e iji.; 'til-'; ytor;-- 1 « Q: Whet type of churchee v/ere in thir; a r e a ? A: Mothod:] ;.;t,, Baptitrt j/jn^t]y. hei'f: .'.'Ijf.vut Mr's.A: A: Thero was a Holineo;.; ehiiref, back r ver : rti.lle, righi, bhi;; f j i d n o.l"' that KChoolhoabe I v/at t e J J . i r i g al.'./i.rh. Then '.heec- a a e n ' t a.oy Holineee a.roar.d h e r e . . , . Not Mien. P r e s b y t e r i j i i , Presbyterian back the;;. Keet'ly Baptist and Metj:od;.d. back t h e n . KIT;.A: have you been ovor through Mill Creek? Q: N o t yet. A: No, it Did th<r railroad affect the farmero around here pretty iiiuch IK j.ped oi.it a rigat n i u a r t . croet? ties right ii; here, bwo or th.ree miles. and all. nioet anywhere. They - see they could haul the They haa a ,.witch, riiayht:,, uvery They could switch off a car, It helped out. load a car with croesties Extract, tan b a r k , it was a right smart :;oo:a back whea the; rallroa.,.! corne through here. Helped t h e fanners out. Everybod �Page 15 merchants and everything. People began to sort of get on their feet and make a, little jnoney then5 Q: Did it come down this way any way? I know it come through Boone, but.,,, A; Yeah, this one come right through here. Abington to West Jefferson. It come from West Jefferson, That^'s the old railroad grade right over there. From the intersection there, well, down here it leaves Walter Baldwinvs this side of Walterl's, it leaves the railroad. And part of the way, it's an the old railroad grade and up the river from Fleetwood to Todd. You never been up there have you? Q: Not yet, A: That road, all the way from Fleetwood down here to Todd's on the old railroad grade. the old depot. Elkland, they called it Elkland back then. They dug it out. Of course they could haul it to town instead, They got trucks and pretty good roads. took it out, you know. Depot's there yet, It didn't affect them bad when they Six miles, five or six from here to West Jefferson. And they could take it up from there to Abij/igton? I don*t if they will or not. It ..run from Boone now to, let!ls see, it ran from Boone to Elizabethton, didn't it? I rode on that road. Oi Up around through Linville, A; iVe come around there on the train from Boone, out in there around Shell Creek, Elizabethton. I used to barber in Elizabethton. I could get to Boone very good, but you had to catch a ride from there down here. There wasn't near as many cars running as there is nowadays, you know, Q: Do you remember when you saw you first automobile? A.' Yeah, I remember when I seen the first one ever delivered around Boone, A lawyer lived, Tom Bowie, West Jefferson, He drove it up there and boy it looked like he's liable to run over everybody in the road. That's the �Page 16 first one I had was a T model ford. We kept one of them a right smart little bit. 0: Were there any gas stations around here then? A: Well, not close. About, West Jefferson is about the closest one for a:long time, Mrs.A A lot of difference with that store a being over there, and things settled around here and there's nobody but us, one house up above us. A' Now my daddy owned from up here, about half way to the intersection, not quite half way, you know where the intersection is at Buvall-'s. My daddy and his brother owned from down here,, about cross this ridge here. He owned land from down there up to John and Duvall's, mountain to the top of this. The top of that And made a right smart of land, you know. I've tried to count up hov many families lived on the two farms of my daddy and Uncle..,. By the way, he jugt had one boy. got two hundred and fifty acres, He had two girls and he hoped they wouldn't sell any as long as they lived. And they've got it yet. Baldwin. He died My first cousin did. 'My uncle died back several years ago and my aunts, and that left it to him. you know. I guess he He kept that land and said he wasn't never going to sell any, long as he lived. about two or three years ago, He kept that land. He Inherited it I worked a lot for him, painting - building houses. And died at Well, they just about owned all of Baldwin, what you'd call Baldwin. Just two brothers. Then it was cut up and divided up with their children. My daddy gave me a batch of land over here to build on, my other brother back up here, my sister back up toward Baldwin, Just scattered around. They's houses3 there's no telling, I guess there's fifteen houses now where there's one then, That's the way time changes, in the next seventy five years? Reckon therelll be that much change �Page 17 Q; I don't know. It can't change - if it changes that much people aren't going to have much, more than the land the house is on. How did the people have to change their way of life during the depression? A: Well, they had to go, most of them had soap houses, you know, and they'd depend on that you know. The soap house, we never did - here in the country, it was as bad as it was away in these big towns, you know. We depended on the farm, you know, Mrs,A3 We had our own milk? had our own cheese3 eggs and all. Mad our own meat, A: Like I feay3 1 was a painting, And about me and another or two was the only painters there was in the county, and fellows that had a little money, why they could hire to have it done, you know, the depression, It just happened so. I had it pretty good back in If I hadn't been a painter, I'd of had a heck of a time, Q; What were the wages an hour? A; About a dollar and a half an hour were good wages for back then. I said a dollar and a half an hour - dollar and a half a day, Mrs,A; I thought you's wrong. A: Yeah, we've not been a getting two or three dollars an hour here but just a few years for painting, you know. They thought that was pretty good. Of course, our boy makes more than that. He contracts, works about half a dozen men, you know. Runs everything, Q; Were there any government programs around here during the depression? A: Let's see, I reckon the NYA work here. Q: I've heard of the WA. A', WPA and NYA. Know anything about that? I was the foreman of the NYA. weeks,, about twenty the next two weeks. About twenty boys for two It give them half time. And give about twenty two weeks and then they'd lay off, and let the other twenty come on. �Page 18 About forty, I think, Keeping time. It was pretty good back then. Better than when you don*t mind mucli in the country such as that, $50 a month for my job. 1 just drawed I thought I was flying then. Mrs.As We was married millionaires. Q; What did these work projects do? As Remodel school houses around where they needed some remodeling, set out trees one day and another. Dig wells. tables or something Itke that, you know, inside in the winter time. Make, in bad weather, weM make Get in the dry, you know, working Let them make stuff like that, you know. Now there was one of these boys there in the NYA work,, he was starting out just they'd take them up to eighteen years old - but wasn't eighteen. was about sixteen. And one of the boys now is the biggest contractor in Ashe County, was under me when he was working working with me on the NYA,. what he was doing. the others. I guess he under me back when he was James Vannoy , he was a good one though. He knew I could ask him to come if I wasnvt there looking after He was a big man there. My boy over there said he had $20,000 worth of work contracted, painting now for the contractor James 'Vannoy. But the government, I believe he said he asked the other day, told me had $40,000 worth of painting contracted right now. That's different from back when we''re talking about old times, i§n'>t it? Qj What was the biggest job that you ever contracted? A; A girl's dormitory at Boone, painted that, contracted. I. contracted that. You know, old gir!T's dormitory. I That *'s about as big a one as I ever I worked there a long time painting in Boone, at the Paint there in the summer time when they's going and coming. college. We'd just have to stop painting when they*s changing classes, you know, going through the halls. Waited until they got settled down before we could go to work, to work at Boone. I like We was working at Boone when they built this road round �Page 19 to Deep Gap( you knov\m there to B,oone., you know/s 42.1, You know^ where that^s at? out here at -Deep Gap, don'-t you? WeM go this- road all the, time, It seems to me lifce. it would be farther around this wayf hut it ^s twenty one mile through by Todd, and nineteen around here by Deep Gap. Of course, Boone is in this way a heap more south than you would think about, But when we'd get done painting, we come this other road. They didn'vt have it finished up yet, h.ard surfaced, hut they had the gravel on it - packing it down. Q; Boy, I thought th,at was a good road, You mentioned earlier about people having to gather roots and all. Did they gather more during the depression? A" Yeah, I guess there was more gathered roots and herbs hack then than they have at times, Well, they couldn't get money much for that. But they'd take them to the store, buy them something to eat it, you know. The merchants would buy that. Then they ship it, you know, in big., big- Mrs. A: His hohbyfs trapping. 0.; Really? A: Yeah> I like to trap, Caught me four minks back up here in ^ I''s telling you about my cousin's place up here. just last winter. Brought me forty five dollars on them, muskrats, got them down by the river. mighty trapping. I got three minks up there Forty five Three coons and a possum. That's I just like to have something for a hobby, you know. Q; Did they trap a lot back when you were growing up? A' No, Mrs.A; Just mice and rats is all, As Now a mugkrat h^de. would bring about fifteen cents back then. 'not much.. Muskrats. Now they br^ng, let'^s see, T got two and a half Idollars] last winter for mine and some, of BailV, Lot of difference there in the price of stuff like that. �Page 20 Qs Was there much moons-hjnitig going on during this., in this area during the depression? As NPJ they- wasn*vt to© much; thro-ugh, here., 'Mrs,A;' Wasn'-'t any- right through; here. As Right through; ftere, Over in Wtlkes, they're a lot over ±n Wilkes than was over here in Ashe County, Now and then they''d catch, a fellow out about Idlewild or somewhere trying to make him a little bit. Hade a heap of it in pots then, you know. Just make, fix them a pot, cap on that. Put the stuff in there and fix it. They could make some pretty good liquor in pots, big old wash pots, you know, Q! When you were growing up; for recreation, besides the parties and all, in the winter time, did you have sledding parties? A: fun. that. Yeah, we'd ride on the sleds? rabbit hunt. That's about our biggest We'd get outside. A crcowd of boys rabbit hunting or something like Have parties and stuff like that. Q: Ever make snow cream? As Yeah, we made, snow cream. Used to make homemade ice cream. I ordered me a freezer and <- I used to barber a little here and on. About the only one around here that could cut hair. And I'd make a run of ice cream Saturday and they'd gather in here, the children. their hair cut. ice cream. Buy., that and get I'd make a little money both ways, barbering and trading on Worked in Elizabethton, 0; Was there electricity in this area when you were barbering? A: No? we. just had to use these kind you work with your hands. Q; When did electricity first come in? ]*rs,'A3 I can hardly remember ^ it xas cherry time. At' I don^t remember what year it was in, We come back, they had lights in and gone, wtten we got here. �Page 21 Os Was- it after the depression or before? A;' After. Q,j Before world war IX? AT T guess it vaa before world was II. I don^t remember just when they did come around putting lights around and phones, Lights been here longer than the telephone has really.-. Q; What was your first electrical appliance that you bought? A; Let?'s see, I guess a radio and a refrigerator, stuff like that. Electric heater, hot plates, one thing or another Ifjte that, Ch What were some of the radio programs that you listened to? A; We like to watch,, what is his name? Nrs. A', Barker. A; Bob Barker, we like to watch him. Bob... How about Paw and Ma Kettle was on? Dillon, we like to watch him. Did you get that a while back? I always like that. Q; ';At the fair17? Channel 3? A; Yeah, and Bunkers> you watch them? Q; What do you think of Archie Bunker? A; He's hard boiled, ain't he? like tb watch the wrestling. TheyT're pre,tty good. We hardly ever miss old Archie. I I don't get too much from football games. Mrs.As He likes wrestling, I don't. A; You ever watch wrestling? 0; What's you philosophy of life? A; No, I don!lt hava one, Q; What dp As Oh,, I - people goingf looking ahead instead of back, Do you have one? you think insures a long life? Lot''s of exercise, Eat plentyP drink a sight of water. Some future. Not smoke too much. �Page 22 It HI kill you if you don^t watch- out,. Now I:Ve smoked about thirty years,, I guess:, Q! Hadn'M: killed you yet, A3 I don'-'t inhale it. before now, I guess if IM Iteen inhaling it, itM killed me I like a lot of walking, stirring around. -My age, now there*'s not many men at my age T eighty three years old - will be the 29th of this month and that's right here. can do a whole of ditching and Not many men that do hardly anything. beating rock and light work like that. put two ditches in my garden yesterday. I I Went through it? got wet and had to cut two. Q; Do you remember the flood of '40? A; Yeah, boy, good. Q; How was it in this area? A; Well, hit pretty dad. other bridges. Was this area hit pretty bad? It washed out a lot of railroad bridges and Got up down there, just below that pot down there in the yard, And this times it got just to the pot there about. That's worse than the '40 flood. 1:00 O'clock when we got up. This last one, you know? It come nearly to the porch that night, Wife happened to get up and look out there. Well ., the creek's up too, and I didn't think much about it being up past those little pines down there. them, pines or right around, it. I got up and looked, and it was way up on I couldfve- jumped off the porch in the edge of There's water from here to that station, that sounded just like a river, Nearly went the basement over yonder. there. It scared me kinda nice. up to Greer's", know where, years. That, nearly seeped in that door I said, vGet your things on. We're going TBey live up a little higher land than we''s on. it % going. I didn't For i;t to be higher than iM^ver seen it in sixty It washed a let of land away back then. Lot of houses. �Page 23 Mrs,A3 Wasted people, a.ways A; It w,ash>d a store, of fter^ away from Todd, is? Tltey- Had a store up th:e,ret went down. YOU knoy wh;ere Todd And it wash;ed it way - store, goods and all And juat a'b'ove. you know, that other creek runs up from the Mrs.A; Now that was HO, A- HO? river. It was HO, railroad down here to Todd. QJ '-& ^ that was back when they'-s building that •! '^16 - I Believe when it was built, Do you remember any Bad men around here. Were there any sheriffs or outlaws? A; Ho there wasn''t very many through here as I can remember. Do you? [to his wife]. around. I guess take it on the whole, there *'s Better folk in and There wasn't many of them, of course. There*s so many more now that, there's more robbing and, everything like that now-a-days than there was them, Of course there's twenty people to one then anyway. Can't hardly judge it that way. But there's hardly ever a bank robbed and. things like that back then. 0; Were there a lot of people that were hurt around here, when the. banks closed during the depression? A: Oh, not very much I reckon. in the banks I guess. There wasn't too many that had money People that did have it, kept it hid under a bed tick in the stall, a sock or stocking or something. Mrs.A! Maybe you''11 give him an idea where we keep oups. A? do, No, I keep mine in the Northwestern Bank, what little checking I A little in Ashe Savings and Loan, just to drav interest, Thats some of th.e easiest money a man ever made, If 1 had a whole lot of money they-M loan out, and the,, interest counts up, Q: Can you th±nlt of anything else to add about the old days? A: I don't reckon so, Q: We certainly appreciate this. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with James Edwards, June 12, 1973 Description An account of the resource James Edwards was born in Bladwin, North Carolina in 1890 where he grew up on a farm. His occupations included painting and carpentry. Mr. Edwards built his own house in 1912 in West Jefferson. Mr. Edwards spends a large portion of the interview talking about growing up on the farm. He also talks about cooking and producing food such as molasses and drying fruits. Mr. Edwards also talks briefly about his mother's cooking and recalls some memories from holidays as a child such as Easter and Christmas. He recollects childhood memories of courting, school, church, the Great Depression, and fun activities children did at his age. He also briefly mentions helping with work projects during the Great Depression. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource McNeely, Mike Edwards, James Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 23 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape83_JamesEdwards_1973_06_12M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. West Jefferson, NC Subject The topic of the resource Farm life--North Carolina--Baldwin (Township)--20th century Baldwin (N.C. : Township)--Social life and customs--20th century Farm life--North Carolina--Ashe County--20th century Ashe County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--North Carolina--Ashe County Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-12 1940 flood Baldwin church farming government programs holidays James Edwards James Vannoy maple syrup National Youth Administration North Carolina railroad sawmills schoolhouse trapping Work Projects Association https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/7ed2a84c36978151df1164a8014b178d.pdf 6ec651ae55e6586851b3fe1eda47ff4e PDF Text Text This is an interview for the Appalachian Oral History Project with Mrs. Lelia Watson of Taylorsville, North Carolina. Mrs, Watts is my great aunt and has lived in Taylorsville her whole life. The interview is by Mike McNeely on June 9, 1$>73. Qs Where and when were you born? A: I was born in Taylorsville, February 10, 1883. Q: Who were your parents? Af Fate Sloop and Luna Thompson Sloop. Qj Okay, and your brothers and sisters? A: Well, Ada Norris was my oldest one, then I come next, then Bertha Stevenson next, and then Nell Sloop next. She's the last one, Qs Okay. What did your daddy do? As He was a carpenter. Q: Carpenter. Did ya'll have a farm or anything? As Tes, he had a small farm out west here, Qs With four girls in the family, who did the work on the farm? At Yeah, four girls - no, we didn't work on the farm we went to school and then when we were old enough, Ada and myself got jobs in the store. We clerked in the store until I married. Q: I'm interested in the farm. >Jiat all did your daddy grow on the farm? Do you remember? As Well, corn principally. And then garden. We had a garden with just vege- tables in it, but on the farm we just raised corn. Q: Did you have any livestock? A: We had one horse. Yeah, how I did dread to work on the farm. Q: What all did you have to do? As Hoe it, cut out weeds. Q: You didn't have any tractors or anything back then, did you? As No, everything was done by horses. �Q: Did your daddy have a plow? Ai Yes, he had a plow. Q: What else did he have? Did he have a sled or anything he pulled behind it? A: He had plows and hoes, and everything else that goes with a farm, you know. Q: Did you have any cows or any chickens? As We had some chickens, but just a few. Qt You didn't have telephones back then either, did you? At No, we didn't have telephones, and all the transportation we had was the buggy, °r wagon, or walking, Q: How often did you visit your relatives that didn't live in Taylorsville that you had to go see? A: Yes, we had some around Moravian Falls. Q: Did you see 'em often? A: No, not often. Q: Okay, could you describe a particular day or a typical day on your farm? What did you do when you were real small? What chores did you have to do? A: While I lived at home, before I was married? Well, my father plowed up something, we discovered it was an Indian pot! Yes, it was. The farm had been an Indian camping ground out there, and he plowed up this pot. I don't know who has it, your mother has it. Well, that is all that I can think of that happened that was exciting that day. We were all excited over it , of course. In fact, we thought we'd find something more, but we didn't, just the pot was all. Q: Do you remember any stories that your daddy may have told you about the Indians V around here or do you remember any legends? A: No, I don't remember any my daddy ever told. I can't think of them right now. �Q: You know some stories about the Civil War though, don't you? A: Well, Grandpa Sloop used to tell me something about the Civil War, but he was a bushwacker. He was a bushwacker. And one day Harold asked me what was a wackin1 the bushes. He heard that my grandfather was wackin1 the bushes during the war. And he asked me what was wacking the bushes. And I said he was bushwacker that was a hiding in the woods to keep from going to the war* Then grandmother would tell me about the Yankees coming in and taking all her corn out of the cribs, taking all her vegetables. When she has four children, small children, they didn't leave them anything to eat what-so-ever. Qt Aunt Lelia was the lady who made the distress signal of the Eastern Star to the men uptown* Didn't the come down to Aunt Mag's house and keep the Yankees from taking her ham or something? As I can't remember that. Q: Momma used to tell us about that» A: Well, maybe therejs, I can't remember that. Q: You said that later on you and your sister worked in the store... A: Store. She worked in the dry good store for Thad Campbell, and I worked in the furniture store for Uncle Jeff Allen. He ran the furniture store and he had a lumber plant. I worked in there for him, and was working there when I was married. Q: Were you married before or during the Depression? As I was married in 1 0 | 9i. Qs That was about twenty-six years before the Depression. Do you remember the Depression? At Well, yes, very well. Yes, I do! Qi How did it change your life or what did you have to do? As Well, we just had to do without things that we really wanted. �*At this point of the interview, a neighbor walks in and leaves a package. Q: Tell us about some of the hardships you had to go through during the Depression? A: Well, we had to do without sugar, we couldn't get sugar. They were... Mr. Burgess across on the other street ran a cane mill, and we sweetened most everything with molasses. We couldn't get sugar, and of course, Grandpa had a few bee gums. Wte had a little honey sometimes, but not very often. Mostly our sweets were molasses during that time, Qj You didn't have the money to buy stuff from the store much, did you? A: No. Q: What all did you have to make at home to make up for this? A: We had to make everything we wore, nearly. Q: How did you get the cloth to make that? A: Well, our father purchased it somewhere, I don't know where. Q: Did you wear a lot of hand-me-downs? A: Yes, I did. Q: How long would an average dress last? How many children would it have to go through? As Well, I don't know, T-e'd usually buy one dress a piece, a winter dress. And that would last us all winter to go to church and Sunday School. Well, then in the spring, we 'd store it and buy a summer dress which would have to last us until fall. We get out the fall one and wore it several years. Qt You really had to make things last, didn't you? Ai Xes, we did. It's different now, because I have to stand and look in the closet for some thirty minutes to decide which dress to wear to Sunday School nowo But times are different* Q: During the Depression was the church mere the center of the community �activities? A: Yes. Q: Were there a lot of things that went on there? A: Well, a good many. The church could buy such sugar and flour. The flour was pretty rotten though, wasn't much good. But the church would get that and then they would distribute it among the more needy. If they thought you had any, they wouldn't give you any. Q: You couldn't have any surplus then. You didn't have a real means of transportation, so what did you do for re- creation around that time? As Well, I don't know. We went to Sunday School and church on Sunday, and prayer meeting on Wednesday night. That's about all we had then. Q: Did you have a lot of community sings? A: Not many. Q: How about the women? Did they get around and quilt? As No, well, some of them did, the church did. They had quilts that members would get together in the afternoons and quilt for the needy. Q: Did you have a lot of covered dish suppers or anything? A: No, we didn't have any of those. We didn't have a kitchen in our church. I can't tell you how many years we've had a kitchen in our church, but for then we didn't serve the church. Q: The Depression was a really hard time, but do you remember any of the good days in the Depression? As fhere weren't any good ones. Qs Surely you can remember something good in the Depression? A: Well, I can't recall it right now. Well, it m£ght have been good for us in a way, but we couldn't see it right then, Qs Did it bring the families closer together or did it tend to pull them a- �part? A: Well, some families it did and some it separated. Some couldn't make it together. Q: Well, Earlier you said you and your sister went to school. Would you describe the school that you went to for me? At Yes, Professor White was our teacher. Professor Sharp was our teacher and we were mostly in one room. He had most of the classes and he was a wonderful, good old feller, but he was pretty strict. He didn't allow no courtin1 a going on in his school. No! And sometimes we'd get together, you know, and he'd be gone to his lunch, and when we'd see him a coming, we could see him a comin1, why we'd disperse, we'd get out. Qj What were some of the subjects you were taught? A: Up to the seventh grades is as far as we wento Qj What did you have to learn? Aj Well, we had grammar, physiology, arithmetic, reading, and spelling. Qj Did you have that little blue book, the Noah Webster Book? As No, we didn't have the blue-back speller. We had, I don't know what the name of it was* I did have an old blue«-back speller here, but somebody stole it. Q: We found it today at Aunt Cat's. We found a lot of old things out there. How many people were in the school? Do you remember? A: Oh, my goodness, I couldn't tell you that. How many? Everybody ±n the county went to this one school then. Q: Really, and it was one room? A: Well, it was more than one room, but there were several teachers* Miss Aussie Poole taught one room, Professor Sharp taught one, Professor White taught two or three, and Miss Payne, I believe, taught toward the last that I �went. Q: What were the age groups of the kids? Were they all thirteen years old or did they range from six to eighteen or something? At Around sixteen. Qt The average age? At Yes. Qt how long during one year did you go to school? Did you go a full nine months? At ^fes, we went full time. Qs How many years? At I don't know..My dad said that he wasn't able to send us to higher school. Momma died when I was eight years old. My oldest sister was twelve, Bertha was six, and Nell was three, and he was left with us four girls here to raise. We had it pretty tough. Qt Did you have any dances or anything at your schools? At Yeah, we had parties. l<foen we'd have a party, everybody in town was in- vited. It's different now. They just have it in groups. But back then, when anybody had a party, he invited everybody. Qs What all happened at these parties? T^hat did you do? At Well, we played games and danced, Qt What types of dance^do you remember? At No. The twist, I think (assarted laughter) was the most thing I think we could dance. Mostly just games different things, dorpping the handkerchief, and weaving the thimble, and things like that, you know. Qt What type of music did you have to dance to? At We had a piano. Qt Did you. have someone who could really play it? �At Well, yes. We had it at a place where they had a piano. They could play it, but if they didn't they could dance to that. Jeff Fortner had a French harp. He blowed the French harp and we danced by it a lot. Jeff Fortner, he's still living lives in Florence, South Carolina. I was real sick one time, I had neuralgia of the heart, and the doctor tole pappa not let anybody come in my room atall and to be very quieto And Jeff come out to see me that evening and the girls in the kitchen told him what the doctor had said. He said "Well I'm going in there and peep at her anyway." Ao he came in there with his French harp, "Home Sweet Home", and I was kind of doped, you know. When I woke up, I didn't know whether I was in heaven or not. I thought that was the sweetest music I'd ever heard. Q: You mentioned a doctor right then. How many doctors were in this area, back when you were little? At Well, there was I reckon, Dr. Carson. I can remember Dr. Carson. Q: How about Dr. Crowson, when did he come? Ai Well he didn't come until later. Q: And Dr. Edwards? As Yeah, later. Qs Was medicine pretty plentiful? Could the doctors get hold of it or did people have to resort to making their own medicines? A: No. We usually had to go after him, ride a mule or horse. Dr. Carson had a horse. Everybody knew his horse every where. It's like it is now. If the ambulance goes out, everybody goes to the porch and wonders where it's going and so forth. Well, when Dr. Carson would, we'd hear his horse's hoofs coming. We knew it was Dr. Carson, and we'd all go to see where he was going to see who was sick. There wasn't any telephone. They couldn't do like they can now<> There weren't any radios. Q: Did your mother use any wild herbs or anything for medicine? �At Yeah, She had a lot of wild herbs* Q: What did she use? As Well, sage,rue, and sweet basil. Q: What were some of the remedies? A: Well, I don't know. The sweet basil and the sage were used in meats, pre- serving meatso They were the flavor for the meats. The rue. I don't know what it was fors because if you touched it it made a blister, I guess. Qt You said you used that to preserve meats. How did:you preserve your other foods? A: Well, we didn't you mean preserve it. . . how? Q: You didn't have a refrigerate^ or freezers or anything. What did you do? A: Well, we usually hung our milk in the well. We had a rope and a bucket, and we'd hang it in the well. If we had butter or something like that, we'd put it in a different bucket in the well. Then when we!d get ready to eat, we'd draw them buckets up and drink our milk and eat our butter. But it was good from the well. It kept very good. QJ How about your fruits and vegetables? Did you can or dry any? As Yeah, we canned them and dried the most of 'em. Qs What are some of the things you dried? A: Well, apples , peaches, sweet potatoes. We dried most everything except we'd can a few peaches. Q: You did a lot of canning and drying and stuff like that before electricity came around right? As Yeah, well* we didn't have electricity for a long, long time. Q: When did it come into this area? A: Well, I don't know a just the date. I can't remember what date it was, Q: Do you remember around the « was it before or after the depression? �10 A: Oh, it was after the depression. Q: Was it before World War II? A: Yes, it was before World War II. Q: When did you get your first radio. Do you remember that? Was it long after electricity had come in? At Well, I can't remember the first radio we had. At I do, 1932 because I listened to "Little Orphan Annie." At '32, well, she's gotta better head on her that I have. Qt How about your first car. Do you remember that? At Yes, I remember that, it was a Buick, yes. We lived on the farm* That was after I was married. We lived on a farm, and Carl told me and the boys, if we'd work good that summer and raise a crop of tobacco, why he'd buy us a car. So the first crop of tobacco that we raised on our farm we used to buy a car with it, a Buick. From Carl Offfs pa. Qt When the first cars came out, there weren't a lot of gas stations around here. What did you do? At Well, we had one that we went to all the tine. It was one station we went to most all the the time. Boys got it, Carl and I didn't. Q: Did you travel a lot more when you got your car? As Well, I didn't, because Carl wanted me to learn how to drive to take the boys to schoo. We came into town one evening, we lived on a farm, and he had me driving back. Just before we got to the garage, he'd made a new garage, but he'd Just set the back end of it up, you know. He said "Now put your foot on the brakes" and I slammed them on the gas and I just went through that down through the field with that back of the sarace on top of my car, and 1 never tried it any more. And Carl, when he started, when he'd want to slow up, he'd hollar "Whoa! Whoa!". I think of a lot of little things that happened that way, �11 but I wouldn't want to live my life over again. Qs Is there any area, though, if you could change it, or if you could go back and live it over. Is there an area during your life you'd want to go back? At I can't think of any. As Yeah, when Sam and I were little. As Well, maybe, but they'd give a world of trouble. I don't know, I can't recall a space in my married life that I'd love to live over. There's a lot I wouldn't want to live over and I said the saddest time I ever had was when Sam was killed. The happiest time that I ever had was when I saw Harold baptised. Qs That really meantrft lot to you? What's your philosophy of life? A: Well, I don't know what I would name. Qs Well, here you are ninety years old. What's make you live this long? As Well, I don't know. The Bible says that if you obey your parents you'll live long. Well, I had to obey mine, for he was so strict on me, I had to. I can't—it might be some devil that I've loved in my past that I'm having to be punished for. Q: Do you think hard work- As Yes, hard work had something to do with it. I really worked hard in my life. Qs Well, is there anything I haven't covered that you would like to tell us. As Don't think there is. You could ask me what my hobby was. Qs Okay, what's your hobby? As Cooking. Qs You cook for everybody in town, don't you? As Well, everybody that comes in eats a little something with me. I just love to cook. I'll stand and roll our pie crust a half a day, and put them in the freezer in till tomorrow, you know. �12 But that's my hobby, cooking. If I'm sick, feel drowsy, or bad I go to the kitchen and start cooking. I forget all about it and come our alright. Q: I noticed you'be got a wood stove in there and an electric one. Which one do you like better? A: Wood stove, Qs Why? As Well, I don't know. I can cook everything on it at one time and the electric I just have to turn a burner on here and a burner on there. I just make a fire in the stove and it heats all over inside. Bake my pies in there. I don't bake cakes in there, but I bake my pies in there. You should eat a piece of my banana bread before you leave to believe what I told. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-24 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Lelia Watson, June 9, 1973 Description An account of the resource Lelia Watson was born in Taylorsville, North Carolina on February 10, 1883. Ms. Watson talks about growing up on a farm. She also discusses the Great Depression and the lifestyle changes it brought. She then recollects memories from her childhood such as what is was like going to school and the new inventions from her youth like cars and airplanes. She also recalls her grandfather telling stories of the Civil War. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource McNeely, Mike Watson, Lelia Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/9/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 12 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape70_LeliaWatson_1973_06_09M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Taylorsville, NC Subject The topic of the resource Farm life--North Carolina--Taylorsville--20th century Taylorsville (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Mountain life--North Carolina--Taylorsville--History--20th century--Anecdotes Depression--1929--North Carolina--Taylorsville Civil War farming Great Depression schoolhouse https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bcd8d14ac4faabc1de8514060c0a3242.pdf 1552c1204d4685ae8b03d4127f341682 PDF Text Text ������������������������ https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/b76eb350b17cfeeccfe64f5c6161aa56.pdf 2f001f3f3158ab2abfa5b5c7ce1a551d PDF Text Text /?49 �7 7 /1 , -2> y^-t- / -«i-#L-fr<-n^ -d-^&Si^f (J~7 ��It. L C- t^^l^t^ T/^l>-v-rTL4 / t^^L^ 'fcush y„ isi^f-^} ^^h^T^iS- .^^£ J^v. ^^ -^T^^x/- >^ ^ -^7^^J^~ ^ ^^(^-~2ju~-s^ —^^t^%- J^^J ^-(^ ^^^-n-t^^C^ C/IyUi^^-z^—«-"— �//—tr~y^~ ^--*~r~i^y-£*L/^± 7'H--' ^ £^{^1si-^&-^J£~r- /> <> L C^—i-^^f />W. 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 3 [January 1, 1909 - September 30, 1909] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 31.4 MB 43 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_003_1909_0101_1909_0930 Description An account of the resource These diary entries range from the dates of January 1, 1909 to September 30, 1909. Each day Andrew Jackson Greene made a short record of everything he had done that day. The entries include familiar names such as Hugh Hagaman, John Daugherty, and Thomas M. Warren. They also include local places such as Fork Ridge, Mabel, and Sugar Grove. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1900-1910 Alden Isaac Amantha Andrew Greer Beaver Dams Blowing Rock C.C. Adams Census court Emmett Roark Forest Grove Fork Ridge Hugh Hagaman J.C. Davis J.F. Eggers J.L. Thomas John Daugherty Justice of the Peace Mabel Methodist Church Millard Hagaman Mumps P.C. Younce Reverend L.A. Wilson schoolhouse Silverstone Sugar Grove Sunday School T.M. Warren Thomas M. Warren Three Fork Association trial Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8d2f848e58abfdd930e91bbd569730c8.pdf 87f741239b2c9508da4ff72652cd70da PDF Text Text ������������������������� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/fd9872abb4a2588f5a17b07e036ca159.pdf 47942a1e1e750684f680e944f447c775 PDF Text Text IIUU -fi~^r �__ -ft^&sZL. -~l*-£sis<s - ^wtA-^o , /^--W- ^ <^U*«>*£< d-rtst^O—<-^&>—c£/ / ts-ts-7$t �0*sT~'^n^~it^-rr-u<— -•TT^v—Zst/ A-' ^- r~^ (Zsl^-^lf—zsCs J^>-i~- -•?T^l>-~4. —-#--C/--»-t— • i/^ x^^xl— ^i«xi-t^*^<*t-*t-t-». >^<— �^v£-*v &sv—t*-Ji » ^^> ^ * /) -^rtCrx-v/~ ^i~-fe-iAS , !£, /<t —2^—£/£• / �>l }, fc �~>9" sryyiua^J 71^& -^—VTT^^^T-^, . ~*f.-v-r-*f^- rH^p^*, (T *1 ^4^f\SL4^l*-t4sTA^t^~9 �Lt~^&^n^*~ ft . /, ^t^ri/Ms(^r-isc-v*- —77*y f l-^rt-^-»*-t-*<} •^U^^- ^-t^-i^-tttt^--' ^i^t^rl^V —l>-t-- ^>^t* M^«-ixK~ —-t<-^-~<—-t^-^ --'fc'V"^>t-t—»^c- , -7h—t^t-^~- , r r~*_ �/3 / / - ^^-T^-^UV^T^-T^ n/ / X? ^^tf-Z^C., <. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 4 [October 1, 1909 -April 30, 1910] Description An account of the resource These journal entries range from the dates of October 1, 1909 to April 30, 1910. Each day, Greene wrote a few sentences about what he did that day. He wrote about important towns that he visited, what was happening in the church, the work he did, and about his friends, family and neighbors. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909-1910 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 25.2 MB 43 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_004_1909_1001_1910_0430 Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1900-1910 1910s Alden Isaac B.B. Daugherty Boone court George Laurance Henley Greer J.C. Davis J.F. Eggers J.H. Mast John Daugherty Mabel P.C. Younce Pat Laurance Reverend Rox Reverend Wilson S.M. Greene schoolhouse Silverstone Sunday School teacher trial Walter Icenhour Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/a00cf12ea310f0eebbd1161d3a1fc4ab.pdf 9f6a75e87daff337992383079cc236c4 PDF Text Text j.o/j.Jddojj �X f �-^VU^-7X--vxTxC^ . 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U^u^c^t 1/!s~v^o n ^ A<< , u-^i^i^ ^y ?V^ y J^J^ JtjLJL^ �fain/. 3.3 j _ .i IA . II u H-ri^y Tnj lAt-j^-Zn^ / �COLUMBIA, GEM OF THE OCEAN. D.T SB.W. 1. Oh, Co-ium-bia, the gem of the ocean, The home of the brave and the free, The 2. When war wing'd its wide des-o - la-tion, And threaten'd the land to de - form, The 3. The star-spangled banner bring hither, O'er Columbia's true sons let it wave; May tht shrine of each pa-triot's de - vo-tion, ark then of freedom's foun . da-tion, wreaths they have won nev- er wither. A world of-fers horn-age to thee, Thy Co • lum-bia, rode safe thro' the storm: With the Nor its stars cease to shine on the brave. May the mandates make he. roes as - sem-ble, When Lib - er-ty's form stands in view; Thy garlands of vie • fry a-round her, When so proudly she bore her brave crew, With he* ser-vice u - ni. ted ne'er sev-er, Bat hold to their colors so true; The banners make t y r - a n - n y tremble, When borne by the red, white and blue, flag proudly floating be - fore her, The boast cT the red, white and blue, ar . my and na • vy for • ev . er, Three cheers for the red, white and blue, bome by the red, white and blue, boast of the red, white and blue, cheers for the red, white and blue, banners make tyr - in - ny tremble, flag proud-ly floating be • fore her, ar - my and na - vy for - ev • er, When borne by the red, white and blue, The boast of the red, white and blue, Three cheers for the red, white and blue, When The Three y With h«: The 'When borne by the red, white and blue. The boast of the red, white and blue. Three cheers for the red, white and blue. « � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/e143c614f2d506767bef99be2f10d1c8.pdf ccff8b798676710cd1fb34d21b8e69b8 PDF Text Text ���������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 5 [May 1, 1910 - November 30, 1910] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 27.6 MB 41 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_005_1910_0501_1910_1130 Description An account of the resource These diary entries, from Andrew Jackson Greene, date from May 1, 1910 to November 30, 1910. Each day’s entry includes a simple record of his activities. In each entry he mentions towns he visits such as Zionville, Mabel, and Silverstone. He also mentions the work he does, his friends, and the happenings within the church. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s A.W. Smith Alfred Thomas Alsen Isaac Andrew Greer B.B. Daugherty Beaver Dam Church Beaver Dams Bible Readings corn Cove Creek D.E. Benfield Democratic Primary Dock Benfield farming G.H. Thomas Hagaman's & Co Halley's Comet Henly Greer Hoke Smith I.G. Greer Impeachment J.C. Davis J.F. Eggers J.F. Oliver J.J.T. Reese Justice of the Peace Mabel measles Methodist Church music Pleasant Grove President Andrew Johnson Reverend C.S. Farthing Reverend J.M. Payne Reverend Reese Greene Reverend W. Swift S.M. Greene schoolhouse Sermons Sherrill's Store Silverstone Singing Smith Hagaman Sunday School Three Forks Association Tree Bark https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d323432ce061db0e19052b25e168ae08.pdf d3ec28397da6dc876d3d54db858375cc PDF Text Text �I ^f~- �, Ij _ ^n^i^<i />LL- ^ --f\_x^-n^ -f^tx-^/w , 7 / -- V-JUlsT^- -e / 0 -D Sn/^ /^-?/^>£. —^h^rrist^- ft'Wi'&ris cH- ^v-wn. ' �K-OE^-I-t- --lX-X_^^i^- J&LI/ , / / - / - y - —-fr^e^w,— -^^-V^ l^U^, bmJ, rh^z^tA^6 , (£- *«-T^>T—•*-• O f "**&• /2-^4txoy /^Cc •f-^-y . / JT, — , •<-S\S\JL ^u_> Jt7~v—iJL sriyQ _riL r A-v^x/- ^r^<»*^: ^ J^' A n /djL^t^V^-^- ^Q-&^-rri ^-7 /, //? ^ ' , '*< •* - f �, 0 * 0 '—&y •^-^^L—ti.'i o^t^i^^i^yl /^™^~*^)~P 7 ": \^UL-f)j .' ' I / / ^ ^ ••' . ' A-«^K? 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C^^JL^r- �•K/X-t^rfXZ^- -*vvO ts^sf— �UTh^.— ft—^-TA-»_ <^t>->-ox_ <£•->»- &., fi^r-r-*' ^-7i/Uxtx^j-x^">-->-T-y ^fysT^ls-^ 1*^1 / /%r7^A- /*-~->^-it^U >/r~ &^££ Cttsy*T^-~fr*~— �\ fl-J^»jusia A-z, i^t'VT' ' �i>~^-^-tc^ ts-l^LSlsU^iS— /~ >OT--^<—-^T^TT' &r- r*^™*^- 6*?~*r ' ** / *'t-^— ^-»—zx , �r ?y y^-*Tr-z-" 1£ . f �BUTTERFLIES. T HE name is probably due to the popular belief that they steal butter or milk. The distinction between butterflies and months is more for practical purposes than because of natural differences. " Butterflies are all those Lepidoptera whose pair of wings are never fastened together in flight." Another distinction is this, that butterflies as a rule go Abroad in the day time, seeking no concealment, and they are usually brightly colored. In butterflies the head is distinct from the thorax. The anteunse are for hearing and smell, and at the end they are thickened, usually into a spindle-shape, which terminates in a bent point. The mouth is a sucking organ to enable the butterfly to feed on the nectar of flowers, and on the sap of trees and plants. The thorax bears the wings and the legs, the latter being of use as a support while the gay little creature is resting. Some butterflies in the tropics have an expanse of twelve inches, but there are also microscopic species. The wings are covered with scales which are really hairs. These scales can be taken from the wings, thougJ^tSPfrbwer of the specimen to fly is weakened by the process. Hundreds of thousands of scales are on tile wings, acting both to brace the wings and also in some cases to give a welcome increase to the wing-area. The gay colors are due to pigments contained within the scale or its walls, or else to fine striations on the upper surfaces of the wings. Males are usually more gayly decorated and exceed the females in number, the latter usually dying after the eggs are laid. A fact worth noting is that where there are several broods, each may have a characteristic coloration, which has led to some sad errors, as in the three-brooded Ajax species, for before the facts of the life-history were known each brood had been given a distinct name. The mourning-cloak and a few others are able to endure in a state of torpidity the winters of the North. Others winter either as eggs, or as pup:e, or as caterpillars. The eggs are laid near the plant which the young will need for food, and they vary in number from one hundred to several thousands, while in form, and color, and in the time required for hatching they vary as greatly. The eggs hatch as caterpillars ; worm-like creatures, with conspicuous heads and saved from destruction to some extent by their protective colors, and in some cases by their bad smell or in others by a bad taste. When attacked they take awful attitudes to frighten their foes. After molting four or five times the caterpillar becomes a pupa, in which a tough integument covers the developing insect instead of a soft skin as in the caterpillar stage, and the butterfly is now said to be in the chrysalis t-tage. Finally this covering is split and the butterfly comes out for its life of gaity. But they are useful, too, for they carry pollen from flower to flower. While the greatest variety is found in the tropics, some species are found in the Arctic zone, and on the summits of snow-clad mountains. Some butterflies, too, migrate as do the birds. Boys and girls—we want you to open your eyes and see if you can find any of the species illustrated on this cover, 'and also we hope that you will read up in nature books more facts than we can tell here about the intensely interesting—butterflies. NAMES OF BUTTERFLIES ON COVER. 1. Buckeye Butterfly. 2. Mourning Cloak. ;>. Banded Red Butterfly. 4. Orange Colias. 5. Black and Yellow Tailed. (1 Copper Butterfly. 7. Mazarine Blue. 8. Red Admiral. 9. Zebra Swallow Tail. � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/7573c983527c05669bcd2ec6efbd1457.pdf bfa220209f2169263704c7d028139e79 PDF Text Text ������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 6 [December 1, 1910 - April 30, 1911] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1910-1911 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 20.6 MB 33 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_006_1910_1201_1911_0430 Description An account of the resource These diary entries range from December 1, 1910 to April 30, 1911. The entries contain information about the weather, the church, his family, and friends. He wrote about friends such as the marriage of Chas M. Greer and Jennie Swift, and his evening with Jasper Hagaman and Lemuel Wilson. He also included the names of several local places such as Fork Ridge, Mabel, Boone, and Beaver Dam. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s Beaver Dam Beaver Dam Church Boone church corn Corn Pone G.P. Sherrill Hagaman's & Co Henly Greer Henry Norris J.F. Eggers J.F. Oliver J.J.T. Reese J.L. Thomas J.R. Wilson John Norris John Sherrill John Wilson Justice of the Peace Lee Swift Mabel Missions Pleasant Grove Baptist Church Plowing Prayer Meeting Reverent Owen S.M. Greene schoolhouse Silverstone Singing Sunday School Sunday School Institute W. Jasper Wilson W.F. Reese Watauga County Sunday School Convention Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1c66d72668d6d0c5f779ce2f7e9251cb.pdf e3dad0bbf507b013c86bf8dd2a5afb62 PDF Text Text �•u. 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K) X^l>-W-t- « / A V^n^, 2/,~. fiWJ~ ~A4sv-ib' es^-v-J^ /I A-^t-«*i^- -JlJ^e-is^^fL ^l-ASi*. ^-r ~@L^&fcji^ , �>-n-"2<--7-7'-t/ ^LA^V—J^M^fe-^W^-^o -TT, ~^r+v-~n^y ^t***-t-^ ,. fa^ts-^&£t- -^-^/a. T // • yi- Is^iSU^ttsc a ^-K^ffc. ^ \-4^ns V A^VL^**^^- ^?^^?W J, ~*Tsls—l>-^7Z. J<VK^&3, �-tf-^dsfa-**^ ^-tWL ' • - L^ V -r" \&w , n^ �+-v~r- j^fL^~3' a, cdb&Mr K? ^^H^jii^'ti^^^-t^ - /AI-MA --vvx ^^-J-t-ix^N ^<3 /^-n*-tx«-- C^V-T^^r-V*^^ >"t^t->-r-u»- , "JLsiJiA^ V- * £* W- ^UxXi-zA-vt^ , A irfr- f*&v~t>^- c^i^Ct- Qyujx^o ^U_, .^-n^tuxvy-i^c, ( �~f <£ i ^\-^o^n^ -^tfW^V J* ex? WY&J -y-*«wi-< y^^tstf -rvi^- .. ^ -rw 1 7 r? ^ J ^^ryt. -Y^L^-ft^tA. M & -*^-rYW i? y *H*<t-vi-^—M? -^-yyj ^^rT^f^tf^txxyy^ I • /v-#^j<9 ��' — I- V. V — ; .**.*4LX^; �THE; BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Orioles are inhabitants of the whole of North America from Canada to Mexico. They enter Louisiana as soon as the spring commences there. When the Orioles first arrive the males are in the majority; they sit in the, spruces calling by the hour, with lonely querulous notes. In a few days the females appear, then the martial music begins, the birds' golden trumpeting often turning to a desperate clashing of cymbals when two males engage in a combat, for "the Oriole has a temper to match his flaming plumage and fights with a will." t This Oriole is remarkably familiar, and fearless of man, hanging its beautiful nest upon the garden trees, and even venturing into the street wherever a green tree flourishes. The materials of which its nest is made are flax, various kinds of vegetable fibres, wool, and hair, matted together so as to resemble felt in consistency. A number of long horse-hairs are passed completely through the fibres, sewing it firmly together with large and irregular, but strong and judiciously placed stitching. In one of these nests an observer found that several of the hairs used for this purpose measured two feet in length. The nest is in the form of a long purse, six or seven inches in depth, three or four inches in diameter ; at the bottom is arranged a heap of soft material in which the eggs find a warm resting place. The female seems to be the chief architect, receiving a constant supply of materials from her mate. Like human builders the bird improves in nest building by practice, the best specimens of architecture being the work of the oldest birds. The eggs are five in number, and their general color is whitish pink, dotted at the larger end with purplish spots, and covered at the smaller end with a great number of fine intersecting lines of the same hue. In spring the Orioles' food seems to be almost entirely of an animal nature, consisting of caterpillars, beetles, and other insects, which it seldom pursues on the wing, but seeks with great activity among the leaves and branches. It also eats ripe fruit. The males of this elegant species of Oriole acquire the full beauty of their plumage the first winter after birth. The Baltimore Oriole is one of the most interesting features of country landscape, his movements, as he runs among the branches of trees, differing from those of almost all other birds. Watch him clinging by the feet to reach an insect so far away as to require the full extension of the neck, body, and legs, without letting go his hold. He glides, as it were, along a small twig, and at other times moves sidewise a few steps. His motions are elegant and stately. / � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ac25cbf609ea771b812b47b3f2c568b7.pdf 0ebb2add535e3bc6c7d8531bd08ad326 PDF Text Text ������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 7 [May 1, 1911 - January 31, 1912] Description An account of the resource These diary entries are from May 1, 1911 through January 31, 1912. This notebook was damaged and several pages are missing. Greene recorded his daily activities and interactions with his friends and places such as Miss Nancy Hagaman, and Henley Greer, and Zionville and Mabel. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911-1912 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 33.9 MB 53 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_007_1911_0501_1912_0131 Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s A.J. Campbell Beaver Dam Boone church Cove Creek Academy Cove Creek Church drought Farmer's Union Forest Grove G.H. Thomas Henly Greer Henry Norris Hugh Hagaman Hunting J.C. Davis J.F. Eggers J.F. Oliver J.J.T. Reese John Sherrill Lee Swift Mabel measles molasses P.C. Younce Reverend L.C. Wilson Robert Garland Roy Eggers School Fire schoolhouse sermon Silverstone Singing Sunday School Teacher's Institute The Farmer's Educational Cooperative Union trial W.F. 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V &--i*Ui-j!L*s&& i J i/r~ / ^-7 i^t^^rt^- ^MSW^t&A— �ff h/XX^W 9<3> i 4^tr-^-tX T-ff fy^^—J^t ..^S^VK. Y-^1 ff-l^ ^^^-*^-»^<z. ^* U ju^ . V WsJiM^^ fr~*> —t^ A T 'l/l^^C^t'l^ / ' �v\T^t, w -yi '*~*M^ 'i*f%''**n S*^ ^^ • <+ V -7^-Z> -Jtf^^D '-rW\M �A. -^>TXU3 -"KZ-^^-T^-v^- —-'KL-Z»-O ^_^*U-<_-£--Z^-T— yt - fy^is—is-ir f / ^ (ynXMxM/ �J-° f / Hid $rr« CM*-™ j » i 3L £X 9 �(if'" THE: EUROPEAN KINGFISHER. E Kingfisher occupies the whole continent of North America, and although migrating in the North he is a constant resident of oiir Soxithern states. The illustration on cover shows the European jMngfisher, formerly found in England and portions of Europe in great numbers, but irow rarely seen, owing to an unwarranted persecution by game keepers, and also by collectors who are always on the lookout to capture this beautiful bird. The habits of European kingfishers are identical with those of the American bird. Like most birds of brilliant plumage, the Kingfisher is a very timid bird and prefers a quiet and secluded haunt. It loves the little trout streams with wooded jid precipitous banks, the still ponds and small lakes, the sides of sluggish rivers and mill ponds. Here in such a haunt the bird often flits past like an indistinct gleam of bluish light. Fortune may sometime favor the observer and the bird may alight on some twig over the stream. It eagerly scans the shoal of young trout sporting in the pool below, when, suddenly it drops down into the water and almost before the observe^ is aw?re of the fact, is back again to the perch with a struggling fish in its beak. Sometimes the captured fish is adroitly jerked into the air and caught as it falls. Fish is the principal food of the Kingfisher, but it also eats various kinds of insects, shrimps, and even small crabs. It rears its young in a hole, which is made in a bank of the stream it frequents. The nesting hole is bored rather slowly and takes from one to two weeks to complete. Six or eight glossy eggs are laid, sometimes on the bare soil, but often on the fish bones which being indigestible are thrown up by the bird in pellets. The Kingfisher has a crest of feathers on the top of his head, which he raises and lowers especially when trying to drive intruders away from his nest. The plumage is compact and oily, making it almost impervious to water. It is said that few birds are connected with more fables than the Kingfisher. The superstition that the Kingfisher when suspended by the throat would turn its beak to that particular point of the compass from which the wind blew, is now dead. It was also supposed to possess many astonishing virtues, as that its dried body would avert thunderbolts and if kept in a wardrobe would preserve from moths the woolen-stuffs and like contained in it. Under the name of " Halcyon," it was fabled by the ancients to build its nest on the surface of the sea, and to have power of calming the troubled waves during its period of incubation ; hence the phrase, " halcyon days." � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d1ea57cc443f24c75c191cf27b832928.pdf fa2d9f88479191a1ff0581ba01cd84f6 PDF Text Text ��������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 9 [July 1, 1912 - January 31, 1913] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1912-1913 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 34.7 MB 52 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_009_1912_0701_1913_0131 Description An account of the resource These entries range from the dates of July 1, 1912 through January 31, 1913. In this diary, he included poetry, which is not featured in his other diaries. A.J. Greene recorded his daily activities, details about the weather, details about his work, politics of the time period, and many details about church and The Bible. He writes of several local places including Mabel, The Appalachian Training School, and Bushy Fork. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s Appalachian Training School B.B. Daugherty Baltimore convention Bible quotations Boone Brother Wilson cherry picking Christmas tree church corn Cornhusking Experiment Station Farmer's Union farming Forest Grove Fork Ridge Governor Charles B. Aycock Henly Greer Henry Norris J.C. Davis J.F. Oliver J.J.T. Reese Jacob Norris Jethro Wilson John Norris Justice of the Peace Lectures Mabel mill molasses Report on Education Road Superintendents schoolhouse Shakespeare Singing Sunday School Teacher Recertification Teacher's Institute Three Forks Association Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/5da896b84b6a0a938523f0f10187590a.pdf 50377b99275745e0a0c5124e803a65be PDF Text Text 1 ALLEN'S HUMMING BIRD. E Humming birds with their varied beauties constitute the most remarkable feature of the bird-life of America. They have absolutely no representatives in any other part of the world, the Swifts being the nearest relatives they have in other countries. They abound most in mountainous countries, where the surface and productions of the soil are most diversified within small areas. They frequent both open and rare and inaccessible places, and are often found on the snowy peaks of Chimborazo as high as 16,000 feet, and in the very lowest valleys in the primeval forests of Brazil, the vast palm-covered districts of the deltas of the Amazon and Orinocco, the fertile flats and Savannahs of Demarra, the luxurious and beautiful region Xalapa, (the realm of perpetual sunshine), and other parts of Mexico. Hr.mming birds are found as small as a bumble bee and as large as a sparrow. The smallest is from Jamaica, the largest from Patagonia. Allen's Hummer is found on the Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, east to Southern Arizona. There are many birds the flight of which is so rapid that their wings cannot be counted, but here is a species with such nerve of wing that its wing strokes cannot be seen — a hazy semi-circle of indistinctness on each side of the bird is all that is perceptible. Poised in the air, his body nearly perpendicular, he seems to hang in front of the flowers which he probes so hurriedly, one after the other, with his long, slender bill ! That long, tubular, fork-shaped tongue may be sucking up the nectar from those rather small cylindrical blossoms, or it may be capturing tiny insects housed away there. Much more like a large sphynx moth hovering and humming over the flowers in dusky twilight, than like a bird appears this delicate, fairy-like beauty. How the bright green of the body gleams and glistens in the sunlight. Each imperceptable stroke of those tiny wings conforms to the laws of flight with an ease and gracefulness that seems spiritual. 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"/ ^4^^^i^_Q^L ^Ptx/vU-. ^>V^~*/ y^X. -fat'fi^f', ^ .._.y_..._ >>AT-K^^VC ^/istz?^^ -'t^*-i~ V �JL A X/V^-^txrv*.^ J r\^^-y —<^ ' ^t^ISi^ n fi_ t v 1 ' ff^^-^^' .....~... p .. ._ �StfV p / ^i^^^^y^^-- 1&™A~ h^^ , /. ^ 7 . w^ . "/T^s r^ <9 ' • �(y-^-^n —-Ci-^*--&--tn �A-^^*~-^LC. C^f-^t1-^- &&V-—"*~**~*f £4—* //^^ ^ £s ~ £••<--?' £*-^ ^T^t- "^^ , 00 &^-**~Lf �—-C-tr-v*—^- /t> �ALLEN'S HUMMING BIRD. 'HE Humming birds with their varied beauties constitute the most remarkable feature of the bird-life of America. They have absolutely no representatives in any other part of the world, the Swifts being the nearest relatives they have in other countries. They abound most in mountainous countries, where the .surface and productions of the soil are most diversified within small areas. They frequent both open and rare and inaccessible places, and are often found on the snowy peaks of Chimborazo as high as 16,000 feet, and in the very lowest valleys in the primeval forests of Brazil, the vast palm-covered districts of the deltas of the Amazon and Orinocco, the fertile flats and Savannahs of Demarra, the luxurious and beautiful region Xalapa, (the realm of perpetual sunshine), and other parts of Mexico. Humming birds are found as small as a bumble bee and as large as a sparrow. The smallest is from Jamaica, the largest from Patagonia. Allen's Hummer is found on the Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, east to Southern Arizona. There are many birds the flight of which is so rapid that their wings cannot be counted, but here is a species with such nerve of wing that its wing strokes cannot be seen —a hazy semi-circle of indistinctness on each side of the bird is al.1 that is perceptible. Poised in the air, his body nearly perpendicular, he seems to hang in front of the flowers which he probes so hurriedly, one after the other, with his long, slender bill ! That long, tubular, fork-shaped tongue may be sucking up the nectar from those rather small cylindrical blossoms, or it may be capturing tiny insects housed away there. Much more like a large sphynx moth hovering and humming over the flowers in dusky twilight, than like a bird appears this delicate, fairy-like beauty. How the bright green of the body gleams and glistens in the sunlight. Each imperceptable stroke of those tiny wings conforms to the laws of flight with an ease and gracefulness that seems spiritual. Who can fail to note that fine adjustment of the organs of flight to aerial elasticity and gravitation, by which that astonishing bit of nervous energy can rise and fall almost on the perpendicular, dart from side to side, as if by magic, or, assuming the horizontal position, pass out of sight like a shooting star. " What heavenly tints in mingling radiance fly, Each rapid movement gives a different dye ; Like scales of burnished gold they dazxling show, Now sinks to shade, now like a furnace glow." � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1d6f634baf0eff110ea33b70ce5b89d0.pdf b60a859f3f8f97e6d8e9fe87270eda4e PDF Text Text ������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 10 [Febuary 1, 1913 - September 30, 1913] Description An account of the resource These entries range from February 1, 1913 through September 30, 1913. In this diary many local places and events are named such as Beaver Dam, Cove Creek Church, Mabel School and the fair at Mountain City. People named in the diary include J.C. Davis, Woodrow Eastridge, and B.B. Daugherty, and many more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 33.4 MB 49 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_010_1913_0201_1913_0930 Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson " greene="" collection="" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s B.B. Daugherty Beaver Dam Brother Wilson buckwheat cabbage cherry picking corn Cove Creek Church David Bourne Fair at Mountain City farm Farmer's Union hail storm Harbin place J.C. Davis J.F. Eggers J.F. Oliver J.J.T. Reese J.R. Garland Latin class lawsuit Lemuel Wilson Mabel School maul handle mill P.C. Younce R.A. Thomas R.P. Robinson road inspection Road Meeting schoolhouse sermon sewing machine shelling corn Silverstone Singing Sunday School sweet potatoes Three Forks Association tobacco W.M. Norris Walnut Grove Warren Brothers Woodrow Eastridge Woodrow Wilson Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/995e66f9170d488c2f5f887215b6a471.pdf 080681740ad82a4ff26270ccf4bc4d68 PDF Text Text I I 11 II FT ll 11 J-jJHI f J = = = I I $_; ll I« _<jl" ill �f trf- ^.-^-,^—^ . f • r t-- .1 ^— **^fy± �3 ' j-«—^LsJ-*-*^-*^, J •faw*. ^-^fa — i-t^ts^ V^--**-~»-»-K_-X- -st*&-->~- -^<*^&O * -^-C^m^t- f-cy-z — ^7 T^jL A- tt^dyL & l^t, fi^-t*-*- ^ �A^-eX /7T^<- /V—<^ ^n^i^<) ^_x_^->-t___ 3, ^tXZ^-VTX^xC ^ Ifa*- H) .£-£—«_- -ft^/-^^yC ^*^r-^ �• J fe. ^w. / h^iSh t -wrf" h<^ fowls' fr, ^^^^-c/ --^t^^J, ^n>Tsn*^*t*~ ^^r^-^-Z-^V ^S?-*-^-X^/N �.- •/•«•*-'-*• c^j ^-Lc^-t-^^tx^U^t Ck^-Ct^- (stj. -f^t^y U-^-4- i —•#**-x2- —-^--co^-i— O^^^—tS-, , _.'./_-<• -f //u- ^ i • /. f.^ . ~F~*~*~ ™s"- f9~t*~~4r"L~~>' '• _^--V—f-'W/^. -- �tf^*^*~_ (!*'**>*_ &—^<~^,' — <s»v /? / £ .^M- «^>—z^-^/^ , / '^T; (7 / Ax<-<- f^t^'j pt^jtsjsL^ ^7-*.—i ^_>^Cxi^_x-. �/ ,^/-*-*<-<7 V'^t^y i^A^^- " ^d^ls*^*^-*^*— --fs\^t, - // *«-•£*»—«-CX—w~_ -^ t*-~<-4^^, l~--L.<e£s&- tJ***- �-' J ~#H—4-T^-i C^4-*-n-w-T.—ex< , It 3s*^ o£-~J~ isTj- y*e^*^, n * . /< ' - 2>-Z--ft-Vj-i--<— tAj-v~Ts~t/~, A, fa-*- £b^^££*£ f &u*^t-~£™*^3 �<7 <~^-~'*^~<--^£'£~ <r isis—t^-n. .-^£T»_-^x—»—_ *^-J-f J~^ �/pTsr-i;*— T^^-V^ -i^^-^y^ ^7 J A-^-^-^^^ c^pi • *-&*? 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J-^-m*<-. Jy^^-^t^i^-J- /t-gt-^^s^-t- jj ^ u i l MM- ui^-^t^i^Z x^Ci X^2s><7 'pi^t^t ,' -17 </&-- / /. , . >A A^U<y" £n<tsO (s& &<<v-<^s( ^ /^^ , A» ^<^v . ^^t^cA J £^**^&4. £~<**£ct>*v~- ^ �f U wJ*-ar jy^J^^t^^^ /• y_ - isC4X-S)sTSt^- ^stSt^3- -^?>Z-*«-«^Z'" *<^tA^z>4^<-'ls<—^ M ^ AZ-2SXC2-. CJL^nsis- I^V / ' , rjrv-^>^z~<— hjL&r /fv~ ht* \. , / fif- Q^^^-T^C^l^h- ^tt_V"^— L^L y /-/ -- �USEFUL INFORMATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .0 11 12 2 4 6 8 ! 0 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 MULTIPLICATION TAB1 E S 6 7 b 9 10 TIT 12] 6 | 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 | 24 9 | 12 15 18 21 24 21 30 33 | 36 20 24 | 28 32 36 40 44 | 48 12 | 16 15 | 20 25 30|35 40 45 50 55 | 60 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 | 72 18 | 24 21 | 2835 42 | 49 56 63 70 77 | 84 40 24 | 32 48 56 64 72 80 88 | 96 27 ! 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 | 108 30 | 4050 60 70 80 90 ICO 110 | 120 33 | 4455 66 77 88 99 l.'.O 121 | 132 36 ! 48 60 72 84 96 108 no 1^2 I 144 3| 4 Averag* Velocity of Vuru.ii, Oodles George Washington lied the last hour of the day, the last day of the week, of the last month of the year, of the last year 01 the last century. Apothe ;aries' Weight ( a b l e Showing value of Foreign Money in Dollars, 20 grains make 1 scruple Cents and M i l l s 3 scruples " 1 dram Liquid Measure' 4 gills make 2 pints " 1 ounce ' 4 quarts " 1 pound 31'4 gallons " 2 barrels " The Pound Sterling of Eng- 8 drams " land. Ireland and Scotland, 12 ounces " $4 86 65. 12d.-ls.; 20s.-*£. The value Long Measure of Id is 2 cts.; )s. is 24)4. The Franc of France, Bel- 12 inches make 1 foot 1 yard gium and Switzerland, 3 feet 6 feet 1 fathom .19 8 cts. 1 pole or rod TheReichsmark(Royalmark) 5K yards 1 furlong of the German Empire, 40 poles 8 furlongs 1 mile .23 & cts. 1 degree The Crown of Denmark.Nor- 69^; miles 1 mile way ar.d Sweden, .26 8 cts. 320 rods 1 mile The Lira of Italy and the 5,280 feet Peseta of Spain. .19 3 cts. The Florin of Austia, .41 3. Square Measure The Florin of Holh.nd, .40 2. 144 sq. in. make 1 sq. foot The Piaster of Turkey, .04 4. 9 sq. ft. 1 sq. yard Tne Dollar of Mexi.to. .909. 30 # sq. yds. " 1 sq. rod The Rouble of Russia, .669. 40 sq. rods " 1 rood The Milreis of Brazil, .545. 4 roods " 1 acre The Peso of Cuba, .92 5. 640 acres " 1 sq. mile The Dollar of Canada.1.000. O en ff " 1 en 27 cu. ft. " *1 cu. yard 128 cu. ft. " 1 cd. wood 24|4; cu. ft. " 1 pch. stone 16 drams (d r .) make 1 oz. NOTE—A 'd of wood is 16 oz. " 1 B). 8 feet long,co feet wide and a4 pi'e 4 fjet 100 Ibs. " 1 cwt. high: therefore, 8x4x4—128 feat. 20 cwt. " 1 ton A p^rch ol stone or brick is l(ij£ ft. long; lYs ft. wide and 1 *t, high. Troy Weight Try Measure '24 grains (gr.) make 1 pwt. 2 pints make 20 pennyworth " 1 ounce. 8 quarts " iZ prices " 1 Do. 4 pecks " - 1 pint 1 quart I gallon 1 barrel 1 hogshead Paper Measure 24 sheets make 1 quire 20 qnjres " I feam 2 reams " ! bundle 10 bundles " 1 bale Miscellaneous Thing* 12 units make 12 dozen " 12 gross " 20 units '• 1 dozen 1 gross 1 great gross 1 score iirtr. *NOTE—£. stands for Pounds Solid or Ci hie Measure Sterling; s. foj Shillings; d. for Pence. 1728cu. i n . m i k e l cu. foot Avoirdupois Weight ML, i pork- A man wa.ks 3 A horss trots 7 A hovse runs 20 A steamboat runs 18 A sailing vessel riK>» 10 A rifle ball moves 1000 Light moves 192,000 niles per second. Electricity moves 288,000 miles per second. 1 quart 1 peck 1 bushel Bible Arithmetic Ezekial's reed was nearly 11 feet; a cubit was nearly 22 inches; a hand's breadth is equal to 3% Inches; afinger's breadth is equal to a little less than 1 inch; a shekel of silver was about 65c.; a shekel of gold was ?'0; a talent of silver was $ »00; a talent of gold was i rly $30,000; a piece of silv or a penny, was 17c; a far ng was equal to .Ok.; amitt as less than a farthing; a g -can was .03c.; an ephah, or both, contained 4 gallons and 5 pints; a hin was 3 c;u^r\ ind 3 pints; an omer was c pints; a cab was 5 pints. ;* o � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/f89018e04a9853111d49971dd7efc7e9.pdf 2acef58d2974ed316ec5c59e2d7dd1a6 PDF Text Text ��������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 11 [October 1, 1913 - December 31, 1913] Description An account of the resource Entries from these dates cover Greene’s daily activities. He describes his trips to church, to the market, and to visit his friends. Friends named include H.L. Laurence, Professor W.Y. Perry, and J.C. Davis. Greene also frequently wrote about the Roosevelt campaign and the weather situations that they experienced. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 29.5 MB 51 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_011_1913_1001_1913_1231 Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s B.B. Daugherty box supper Brother Trivett church Good Road Days Hunting J.C. Davis J.J.T. Reese Jack Greene Mabel Martin Warren measles mill mud tax P.C. Younce R.A. Thomas schoolhouse shucking corn Silverstone Stonewall Jackson Sunday School The Outlook Union Baptist Church W.M. Thomas women's suffrage Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/b4f1cc4ae494de135b6f9e0fcf612d2c.pdf fbf8771f2c47a90133ce3f88eb4ceb00 PDF Text Text ����������������������������������������������������� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/5545a85fc48539e157e9b79ec7e70d8b.pdf 2612464bc376e741fe4ef79f7d7b4098 PDF Text Text �������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 14 [July 1, 1914 - September 30, 1914] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 45.7 MB 53 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_014_1914_0701_1914_0930 Description An account of the resource These diary entries are from July 1, 1914 through September 30, 1914. The diary is based around the actions and thoughts of Andrew Jackson Greene. He wrote about work on the farm, Fourth of July festivities and the details of church life. He also included much opinion about religion, and people. Community members involved include James Horton, P.C. Younce, and J.R. Wilson, and many more. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s baseball Boone Brother Trivett calamity howlers cherry picking church corn David Stern farming G.C. Norris G.P. Sherrill Harrison Church hay hoeing corn J.R. Garland J.R. Wilson James Horton Literary Society mill P.C. Younce Republican Convention road inspection Roy Eggers schoolhouse sermon Silverstone Singing Solomon Younce Sunday School trial Upland W.H. Campbell World War I https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/a5df639f456fdb8545dcc174773a1646.pdf 3c181f9bf95239703633d42cbea33037 PDF Text Text ������������������������������������������������ https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9d7beac12e3510ee73bf8b50d8d78f8d.pdf be0700062a7b4f4d7afcd8a1f500e6ff PDF Text Text ����������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 15 [October 1, 1914 - November 30, 1914] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 35.7 MB 48 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_015_1914_1001_1914_1130 Description An account of the resource These diary entries are from the October 1, 1914 through November 30, 1914. This diary includes entries about the death of Greene’s mother, the war, his work at the school, the weather, and the church which he attends. People mentioned in the diary include A.J. May and J.L. Thomas. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson " greene="" collection="" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s A.J. May Brother Trivett Declaimers Contest Fair at Mountain City funeral J.J.T. Reese J.L. Thomas J.R. Wilson P.C. Younce schoolhouse Sunday School T.A. Eggers teaching Union Baptist Church W.F. Reese W.L. Holman World War I