1 50 7 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/80c6e96d868d6434c97a40f9fdd09bb7.pdf 6dba4c07388efb0ee777cee6ec3e21a4 PDF Text Text MR . & MRS • ALLEN TOWNSEND (Note. Q: Here the answere are from Mrs. Townsend) What do you first r emember about the Depression? How did you lmow it had starte ? A: Well, food always- got so high . It looked like you didn ' t have enough money to go cwound, I guess , and you just got the notions of things like that . Q. Were you not liVli:ng somewhere w here you could make your own food? Did you have to but it . ? Ai It's been for a few years that now at first we raised our own food and , you . know, we had our own chickens and raised our own meat like that , but then we jus t couldn 1 t do that so we 1 d just have to have money to buy it . to work . I ' ve worked myself to death . Then Allen got unable You know, with young ' uns you just can ' t get out to do. Q: Was there anything besides the high prices that you knew that the Depression was starting? A: Well, I re ot . It was just everything, you lmow , seemed different and a shortage of everything . Q: What were sane of the things that you, that were hard to get, find , or buy? A: Well , I just don •t lmow. Se emed like that we didn 1 t have much of anything or couldn ' t get much of anything or something . Back then there just wasn ' t much work for anybody to do and we lived in Ashe County at that time . awfully sick just coul 1 t d she had double pneumonia . .. d1y g t to the doctor . My mother was She was going to die and , you lmow, At that time it was hard . daddy worked , on a school .gym at Fleet wood and he had to walk . He worked , It ' s four miles �2 there and our miles back . o ' clock in the mornin ~o That's ei t Ue get there in time . got back and he was always so give out . a and he had to leave at four It was alw after dark when he We young ' µns woul ork in the crops So , we cut wood ta make hea:b around there at hane and we had to cut firewood o and bad to carry our own water, for a right smart ways . They couldn ' t hardly make enough to buy soap and Mama would make ho.memade soap ; make it in a big kettle to wash our clothes with . Q: What kind of crops did you raise? A: W ell, we raised about everything that they could raise . We raised potatoes , corn, cabbage, and we'd make corn bread out of the corn that we raised and we ' d make what you call himiney out of it and then we canned a lot of stuff . we dried apples . Then I can remember Mama drying a pumpkin, cutting it in rings and hanging it on sticks over the fireplace to dry. Q: What did she do with them . A: Take it and cook it . Make pumpkin pies for us to eat and dry apples and make dried apple pies . Q. So , did you have enough to eat then at this t A: W ell, we had plenty to eat, I reckon, and the way we managed it , you know, 'l had to do the same thing . Q. Did you have to buy anything? Was there anything that you had to buy'l Well, there were a lot of people that raised wheat that made their own flour , but we ddidn ' t raise any wheat, so we had to buy our own flour , you know, and sugar . The salt and stuff, fix something to eat and they used to be something like chicory that people would raise to be a plant . It would grow in great long roots �3 and they called it chicory and people would dry that and grind i t up and make coffee, chicory coffee . They call it coffee, but it really wasn ' t . They ' d take it and percolate, or boil it in a pot like they did all their c offee . Bout everybody in our neighborhood would raise that and make their own coffee . There would be a lot of young people now that never heard tell of that . They wouldn ' t know what I 1d be talking about and you might not . Q: No , I never heard of it . fas the flour and the sugar and all that hard to find during the Depression? A: Yes , it was . Q: Where did you get the money or how dfri you get it? A: Well, a lot of times we gathered herbs . How did you buy it? Dried herbs like cherry bark and we 1d pull big wood leaves and skin bi g ood bar • thing else to do he would go out in t. woods and mountains , you know, and cut When Daddy couldn ' t get any- the cherry poles and those big wood poles and the closes t one would bring them home and he ' d chop them up into firewood lengths and we ' d burn them , skin them in the house of the night . dry that . Then burn the wood part of the day and you ' d have to Some times it would take about a week, you know, to dry the bark and the leave • Q. What did urou do with it? A: There was a lot of sang in the mountains . called it . I reckon it still grows . They called it ginseng is what they I haven ' t seen any in a long time , but we were always •••• Now there was something you gathered mullen and when it began to get dry it would stick you up . bath . Q: What was it? You just had to change your clothe s and take a �4 A: I don't know . It was a little old fuzz or something, you know, and it would get on you and just itch you to death . Q: Was there anything that you can think of that was good about the Depression? A: No , I think that everything was bad . Q: Well, what was the worst thing about it? A: Well, in clothes and food you just didn't have the money to buy it with and you really couldn 1 t get it because it ;just wasn't there . Q: Well , did you or your mother make, your own clothes? A: Mama went and made our own clothes and she didn ' t even have a sewing mach- ine. She had to sew with her fingers, or maybe there would be a neighbor some- where around that would have a sewing machine that didn 1t mind, but usually people just didn ' t have time for a neighbor to come in, sit down , and stay all day and sew . So , she would sew with her fingers and make our clothes and they would make long dresses that really took more . so hard . I guess that was the reason times were It took more to make the clothes because the dresses were way down to your feet, you know, had big collars to them . It really took a lot of material to make clothes , now you can take a little bit just so your legs are had in it. Q: Where did you get the cloth? A: Well, thake and but it in have now . the town, city. They didn't have cloth like they What you could get, it was awfully hard to iron . then, you lmow. I wonder what we did make it out of . varieties of material, you know, like they have now . I didn 1 t notice it They didn't have different A lot of people that raised sheep would make their own wool, you know , to knit socks and sweaters and things. Q : What do you think caused the Depression? �s A: Well, I just. don ' t know . Q: Did you hear any people around blaming any certain people for the Depression1 Ai No , I don ' t remember if they did . He was the Republican pres dent . A lot of people blamed Hoover, you know . A lot of pe9ple blamed him, because I heard them say that he had a lot of grain thrown in the ocean that the poor people could have usedo It would have made it more plenti'ful, you know , wheat , in the community. Q: They said he threw grain in the ocean? A: Instead of giving it out they did that , you know, to make the prices go up . Q: Did they, was that true or was the just what the people used to tell? A: W ell, now ! don ' t know if it was true , but that is what they all said . They said what made the meat prices go up , they killed a lot of the animals when they were little . They didn ' t have feed to feed them. I think in something like that, if they managed it right, try to help everybody get a start to have sanething, because it ain ' t everybody that is poor because they want to be . Qa So , did the local, what were the local at titudes towards the leaders of the government? A: W ell, I just don!.t remember much about them then , because we always lived back from anybody else and didn ' t have much . Then young ' uns didn ' t pay any attention to what they. . . _-_ _ • Q: How were the farmers, what was their situation during the Depression? Do you thinlc they felt any differently than the people who didn ' t farm? A: Yes , because if they that farmed really fared better because they didn ' t have to buy, you know, all that stuff o It really made a difference all the way around . �6 Give the farmer some of his money back and give the people , you lmow, something to eat that they woul dn ' t have had . Q: Did you ever sell any of your crops other than the herbs that you collected? A. No , not too many, because we were always renters , had the farm on the shares and usually our part, it would take it, for us to eat . was the farm that you were on? Q : How big A: Well , it would just be small farms that we would be on . Sometimes it would be about fi'fteen acres of corn , and then maybe five acres of potatoes , or something like that . Well , by the time the owner of the land would get his share out of i t , we wouldn ' t have too much to sell. We usually always had same potatoes and beans , to sell . Q: How did you think the tenant system worked? A: W ell, you could rent a place and you ' d get house rent . of the stuff, they ' d give you half of what you made . If you furnished half If you couldn't affarEl to pay for farming equipment, they'd pay for it and you could just end it . That's a preetty bad thing, because you had to work a whole lot to make all that . would taice all your time to aake it . It Then , however , it was havested and divided you didn ' t get much by getting a tmird of it . So , if ycu were a big family, you'd have to be careful to make it go around , you know , to do until it was raised again . thl~ Q: Were there very many people doing A: Yes , there were a lot of people doing that . during the Depression? SeliU!lea to me like that there just weren ' t too many people that did own their places . all thouMt was wealthy. It would be sanebody that we Maybe there would be two or three tenants on one farm . The one that did the renting, that owned it, he really come out pretty good , having �7 several different people . Q: Did he sell crops? A: Yes , he would sell. Q: Did he sell maybe part of the CI'9PS that you harvested really? A: Yes , and take it off, maybe to the cities , the town . were just small and maybe one or two stores . could take . Back then the to~ms They ' d but everything that you Then the people that didn 't have it, would come and but it fDom them o Q: .Ih you remember any of the work proje cts that were started? A: Yes , I can renember that but not until I grew up and got married . I had t wo twin brothers so everything was gettin pretty well organized when they got up , you know , old enough to work . Do you remember any of the things that these people on projects did? A: I don ' t . Q: Were there any other efforts that were made to help recover from the Depression? A: I think that what came out when there wasn ' t anything mcuh . Now what was thi s Democratic President after Hoover? What was his name? Q: Roosevel.t ? A: Now it seemed to me like whenever he got in, things began to change . ~an to build these buildings for schools . to good . They be- That gave people jobs but it didn ' t pay They ept on until ••• I think they just changed the nam .of it about the same time . That was baxk when they started it , that building the gymnasiums and bigger schools , different room. Now, back when I went to school , it was just a one room school building arJI they went from the first grade to seventh . �8 O .: W your father on one-. of the work programs? as A: Yes, that was where he had to work to walk eight miles a day. miles there and four miles back . He had to leave at four o 1 clock and cane in at I don ' t know what time it was . dark . It was four He was so far away, he had to take a light of the morning to see how to go and we live in Ashe C omty and that was down at Fleetwood, you know, where tmy built . Q: What was the nome of it where they worked? A: It wasn't W . A. .P husban used to e They had that going on when I was grown and married . My r k on i • ? A t Yes , when me and him were married and then he quit after we got married . Q: Was the Depression about over by then? A: rle~ , yes, pretty much, because everything got to working around until there was a right smart of work going on and it has been ever since . Q: ·11e11, what kind of work did you do , Mr. 'l!ownsend? A: On thew . ed buil a A. He worke hospital ~. on it some clearing the roads, you know, and he help- That was up there in town, well, she don ' t know where it is but they had the old one . �9 because there were just two brothers . They was twins so everything was getting pretty well organized when they got up , you know , old enough to work . Do you remember any of the, the t hings that these proje ts, any of the work that was done on them, wh t they did? A: Q: No, I don't. fore there any other efforts that were made to help recover from the A: ression? I think that what came out when there wasn ' t anything much , ••• ow what was this Democratic President after H oover? Q: As Roosevelt. T Jhat was his name? l oosevelt? ow it seemed to me like whenever he got in , things began to change , because they began to build, these buildings for the schools, and different schools · 1hat gave the pe ople that didn ' t have anything much to do or to live on, it give them a job, but it didn 't pay too good at the time being, 1 hey kept on until. •• I think they just changed the name of it about the same thing is going on now only they raised it up , and gave it different names • 11 t was back when they started it, th t building the gymnasiums and bigger schools , different rooms . Now, back when I went to school , it was just a one room school building and they went from the f irst grade t o seventh. Q: las your father on one of the work programs ? A: Y eah, that was where he had to work or walk eight mi les a day, I.k- �10 was four miles there and four miles back . Had t o leave at four o ' clock arrl cme in at dark j I don ' t know what tbne it was , He was so far away, he had to take a light , of the morning to see how to go and we lived in Ashe County and that was down at Fleetw ood, you know , where they built. Q: lhat was the name of it where they worked? A: Oh . Q: . • p • A•? No , wasn't ·•• P . and married . A., because they had that going on when I was grown y husband used to work on it . He did? Yeah , when me and him ~as married and then he quit after we got married . at year did you all get marrie ? '38 . Q: W the Depression about over by then? as vell , yes , pretty much , because everything got to working around till there was a right smart of work a going on and it has been ever since . Q: · ell what kind of work did you do , M . Townsend? r It was ••• Q: On the work program? A: On the 1• . P . A. he worked on it some clearing the roads , you know 1 H.e built , helped build, you worked on a hospital, , , what ever hes pi tal , the old one , you know, where the old hospital was? That was , up there in town , well , she don ' t know where it is at , but they had the old one . �1Tt. 11 I (Jc. He helped work on it and some of them back ••• ( ote: r . Townsend and Jane Efird have been carrying on a short indecipherable conversation . Q: It will be picked up here . ) rlhy don 1 t you tell, talk into there and tell us about working on the • P. A., what you remember? (Laughter) Q:: ow , you just talk , go ahead and just tell us then . ou said you worked on the roads , what di d you have to do? A: ell, we fixe d the roads , fiXed the roads down in places , places , for people to get in and out . 0 fferent W hauled dirt and rocks and we e fiXed the places so people could get in and out. Trim the roads , keep the road , trim the road of bushes and things like that, so people could, roads would be open . Q: . . A: Did you work on that before you were married or after? Yeah , I worked before I married • ( rs . ·"Townsend) You just worked before , when we was married and quit right after . Q: at did you do at the hospital, what did you say you helped build that? I hauled cement and brick and mortar blocks , I mean cinder blocks . (Jane Efird speakfng to Janice Young) during the Depression (} rs . Townsend) he could If they weren 1 t married, tell something about it . If you could get him to talk till he'd understand, he don't seem to remember much. Q: (Jane Efird speaking to Janice Y oung) aybe if you could let �12 her ask him . ( Janice speaking to Mrs. Tmmsend) You could ask him sane questions that yav. know he would know about . A: (l rs . Townsend speaking to school house at A: Q: A: You helped build that alle Crucis didn't you? (Mr . Townsend) eah . • P. A. in that? (M . Townsend ) rs ( r . Townsend) Q: • Townsend) Yeah , the •T. P . A. Y , the eah • P . ~A . built it. Before you got married , where you living on the farm or · with your parents? W ell, we just had a garden , that' s a ll . Q: ~ as it hard to get food then? I o, it wasn't so hard . I just staye d hane an (lielpe ) my folks , my daddy and mammy and my brother was all there were of us , so me and him just stayed there and helpeJ them , looked after them . Q: A : W hat di d your father do f or a living? Tell , he used to work on t he railroads till after he got disabled till he couldn 't do anything , - couldn't work . He used to carry the mail, too , didn ' t he? used to carry the mail. He kindly ••• ( rs . Townsend) (M . Townsend) r Yeah , he He carried the mail for several years and he used to work on the railroad tracks . Q: What did he do ? Y mean on the railroads? ou Q: A: \ Yeah . He ftel{)id raise til es , I mean cross ties and things like that . �13 Q: Bid you have enough money during the Depression? A: Q: ell , we kindly made out . \ ere there any things that were hard to get that you needed? A: ell, groceries and things like that weren't as high as they are now . There was more and seemed like they were cheaper back then than there was now . Oh , we did raise mostly our own stuff from the garden and things like , we always had corn, corn and potatoes and stuff like that . Always had plenty of app les and things like that to live on. · as there anything that you needed that you had to buy? ell , we bought some stuff that we needed such as flour , and stuff like that at the store that we needed . Q: A: ere did the money come from to buy the stuff that you needed ? ell, that was when I was working for that r. P . A. business and then my mother she drew a check every month . Q: A: t kind of check? County check , they give her a county check , her and my da dy, a county check that way every month . Q: That was during the Depression? A: Y . eah Q: What did they give it for? A: They all got it and, they all got rations and things like that with it . It was kind of what they called the 01 Age Pension . I think he is mixed up, th t was just before they died . (M . Townsend) rs �14 Q: A: How did you get started on the • P . A. ? ell, I just got out there and signed up f or it to give me a job, something, a job t o work , so I signed up . I worked up there , I worked up there the whole time before I was married . Q : ~as it hard work? · ell , some days it was pre tty hard and some days it wasn ' t . I 'blilt fires whenever it was col d weather , whenever it was cold why again they built , kept fires going, to keep warm and everything around. The bossman always told me , give me the job always keeping fires and things like that . Q: How much did you get paid ? A: I couldn't tell you now , how much, it has been •• • Q: as it enough? A: Huh? Q: W what you got paid, was it enough to buy the tllings you needed? as O yeah , we ma e out, I made out alright . h, Again , I'd get stuff on credit at the store and then I would soon pay up. Q: as +,he pay enough f or people t o live on or not? A: W ell, a lot of those ot her peopl e they had rad i os or anything, but they always paid out, took and got groceries and stuff like that with that . Q: A: D d anybody else in y CfUI' fami l y work on any of those proj ects? i o, nobodyA but me worked on i t . �15 Q: as it hard to , to get on with work programs ? A: o, it wasn ' t so hard to get on and I signed up , up here at Boone . It wasn't so hard to ge t on . Q: A: Q: D d people make fun of the people who worked on work projects? i o, they never di d, nobody never di say anything about it . W ell, were a lot of people around in your neighborhood workin g on the project? A: Y , there was a lot of people around over there where I lived eah that worked on it . (EN OF PA_T III ) �16 TAPE .u2 SIDE B PA. T IV Q: 1 1ell, like over in, I was reading a book that said over in Kentucky, people that worked in a coal mine ••• A: Uh, huh ••• Q: They had it real bad, couldn't get money, couldn't ge t food . d you all know people like that? A: No . e never di d have ••• (· rs . Tmms en ) M ost of the people were , th at would work , a few people around that wouldn't work , no m tter what kinds of a good job they had to help them out and they have it pretty rough. I 'm a having it ri ght now . Just like (laughter) A it h s been a couple of nd years that I ain ' t been able to work . The young 'uns helps me out some . (M . Townsend ) A while back I used to work in the furniture shop r down in H ibriten . I was down there f or a year or two . Y eah, Allen did work in Lenoir at Hibriten some back in ( rs . Townsend) ' 43, he worked at H ibriten. ( r . Townsend) ibriten and at G reer's Herb I worked down there at H ouse, where they had herbs and things like that you know . H I worked both places down there . Q: That was after you got married that you were working down there? (Mrs . Townsend ) Uh, huh , because what makes me remember it, my little girl was born while he was working down there and he ha to stay a week at a time. �17 Q: Oh, you didn't live down there? (M . Townsend) rs o, we lived up here and he ' d go down there on the mail of the first of the week and then he ' d come back the next weekend . (He ) Stay a week at the time and I went to my sister's . They lived over in town and I stayed when my little girl was born. Q: D you ever hear of anybody making moonshine during the id pression to pay for things ? Io , I didn't, but I want to tell you sanething my da dy- in-law, A llen's father , said that his mo her , the family that she stayed with that raised her , that they made it and that was on up above where they lived , and Mr . Townsend said that was why he married randmaw . It was to get her out of the furnace , you know, she was hel ping them make ••• Q: M oonshine ? : Q: A: 0: Yeah . D you remember, during the Depression, the banks closing? o o, I don't remember too much about that . How were businesses affected? D they lose trade ? id ell , I just can ' t tell you , ju t didn't know much about it , you see , he ' s fifteen years older than I am . Q: Did a lot of people move out of the mountains during the Depression looking f or work? Y , they did . es Q : There was a lot of people left, trying t o find work . D they come back or what happened to them? id �18 A: ell , I don 't know , some of them after so long a time , would come back , but they waited, I reckon , till sanething, better and , up here where it opened up . eems like ot a little ~it took me a long time to remember , I mean, since now , seems like that I just can't remember back too far or something . I mean, how things went or , about business . Q: D you remember any women working on any of the Federal ·brk o Programs? A: The first that I remember about working, I don ' t remember wh~t women kind it was . It was at ; ~st Jefferson and , it was , now, I ' ve knmri women th t , to be work in the stores , with merchandi se . They went and shipped an awful lot of cattle over there at · rest Jefferson and I don ' t kno 1 where from, I guess it was from everywhere and they had a stockyard over there and they would kill them and fix them, give them out, to the people that needed them, poor people that. and it was a job for , some of the women, to help do To help to give it out or fix it up , to the ones that needed it, it give them a job, like people would . Q: A: Q: A: That was during the D epression? eah . And it was free? eah, it was free , to the main people that didn 't have nothing at all . �19 Q: · ere there a lot of people like that around? A: \· ell , there were several big families , maybe where the families , the mother wasn't able to work , well there wasn't work then for .the women, it's the first I knew women working except , maybe once in a while , in st~res or something or school teacher . they had great big crowds an Q: But - where the man, ju t couldn't provi de for them . •ell, di d you know people like your father who didn 't want to take things free? There was a lot of people that just wouldn't want to take things like that . Q: A: Thy? ell, I don' t lmow , I guess that made them feel a little bit help- less or something . Q: ell, were the schools affected by the epression? ell , back then they didn't have any lunch rooms as I can remember, anything to offer them at school, they ha d to take their own lunch, those that didn't live close enou gh , that they could to eat . And rtm back in a few minutes so , about something like that I don't remember , the parents had to buy the books , and the paper and everything that the child used, see they had to , just buy that and the going to school, it didn't cost them anything but, the books and the paper , the pencils , stuff like th8t , the parents had to pay for it . Q: ~ell, do you lmo they didn't : anybody that had to quit because of that , because ve enough money? •Jell, they couldn't quit . They wouldn't allow them to quit . �20 If they didn 't have it and c ldn't afford it now I guess it was maybe scmeway from the school , to give them paper to do their homework on . But, it seemed like they didn 't do as much , as , like they do now . '·Tere the churches affected in any my? A: No, I don't think that they was . i-. ell, what were , I guess you had people talking about it , what were their i deas or attitudes like durine the Depression, were they worried about it? es , about everybody was woITied, afnaid that they cruldn 't get what they needed, they were going to have to do without, things that they needed and a lot of them did do without a whole lot and I guess about everybody did to a certain extent. Q: Di they feel like maybe it wasn't going to en ? W ere they afraid that it was going to keep on like th t? r ell, I don't know , but I imagine that they do because , now things that happened, we feel like it .' s going an forever . Q: How did they get out of the Depress ion , how did the co1IDtry get out of the ression? ·Jell , I reckon everybody must have got together , and worked in, something to give everybody scmething to do . Q: i at, how did you know it was over, how did you know that the Depression had ended? A: · ell , I guess when everything got better till people could make it alright . �21 Q: A: o you think that the work programs arrl the federal programs helped? Y , that helped . es f hey gave jobs , but what else do you think helped Q: them out? A: : ell, I don't know , I guess it gave people more ideals , till they could, could go on and do more , to keep more going , more to do and causing to be more, ' cause see I reckon it takes talents and knowledge , to keep it up an the more that they try to do, the more you know how to open up , s omething else and I ess , that's the way everything got started and to make people feel better anyway and eally did better . It's been for a few years , seemed like everybody's been doing pretty good , but they have to wo k . Q: D d you see any l asting effects caus ed by the Depression? i o. Q: '"ell, do you think , how would you canpare the ~ression of the 'JO's to the way things are today? A: ell , there's been a lot of difference , but there's a lot of similance (similarity). H ere about a year ago , when they began to close down sane shops and things like that , that reminded me , what it used to be way back yonder , they wasn ' t nothing open, to do . Q: at about family life? Has it been, could you compare the way it is now as to how it was A: uring the Depres ion? o, I think life goes on pretty well the same . �22 Q : at about prices ? A: , ell , there's a difference in prices . Q: There are di fferences ? . Yeah, there are , there 's a lot of differences , well, everything i s higher n than it was back then, but you see , if the prices are ~ low and you don ' t get pay an money, ah , they ain't much difference in whether you c make a lot more and the prices are high, than it i s when you don 1 t get anythin anything . 0 and you don 1 t have to pay much for So, it's just as hard, back then when prices were low , you didn ' t have anything to buy it with , you couldn ' t get any more than enough , it's just like it is now , it's just hard life , I reckon , ' just you get a whol e lot of money, you have to pay a whole lot and if you don ' t get much money, well, now if you ain ' t got much money you have to pay, but then you didn t hav. . to . Q: Is there anything else you ' d like to tell about the D epression, anything you remember? · ell, there ain ' t nothing really that I can remember . Q: fuat about you M . Townsend , i s there anything you' d like to add ? r A: I don ' t know of anything. Q: 0. • , any more questions ? ( END OF APE) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Townsend, Mrs. & Mr. Allen Interview Date 9/25/1975 Number of pages 22 pages Date digitized 9/18/2014 File size 10.2MB Checksum alphanumeric code c08dbee4015362a0037fdd0be79ab830 Scanned by Tony Grady Equipment Epson Expression 10000 XL Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal; non-commercial; and educational use; provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965-1989; W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Special Collections; Appalachian State University; Boone; NC). Any commercial use of the materials; without the written permission of the Appalachian State University; is strictly prohibited. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AC.111 Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965 - 1989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape335_Mrs&MrAllenTownsend_transcript_M Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mrs. & Mr. Allen Townsend [September 25, 1975] Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Townsend, Mrs. & Mr. Allen Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Subject The topic of the resource Mountain life--North Carolina--Ashe County--History--20th century--Anecdotes Depression--1929--North Carolina--Ashe County Ashe County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Townsend, Allen Townsend, Allen, Mrs. Description An account of the resource Mr. and Mrs. Townsend talk about the Depression and how it affected their families. He explains: "It was just everything, you know, seemed different and a shortage of everything." Farmers were the ones who fared the best, because they didn't have to buy in order to support themselves. His family worked on a farm during the Depression, but they didn't own the farm. Most people in Ashe County, because they "lived so far back from everybody else" didn't know much about the political situation, or why the Depression was happening. He remembers that when Roosevelt things changed, and schools started to be built in his area. His father was assigned to a work program and had to walk eight miles a day to get to work. Allen Townsend Ashe County crops dried herbs farming Federal Work Programs Fleetwood Franklin Roosevelt ginseng Great Depression Greer's Herb House Herbert Hoover herbs Hibriten Jane Efrird railroad work projects Works Progress Administration WPA https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/72eb3091cd66b7d29516ed058c5e7b5e.pdf bd40525eec5259655c582a9d5775c88d PDF Text Text This is an interview with Mr. and Mrs. G. L. Richards for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Donna Clawson at Rt. 7, Boone, en June 12, 1973. Q: Mrs.-Richards I'll start with you. Where were you born? A: Well, I was born at Silver Stone in 1902. March 5, 1902. Q: And your parents always lived in there? A: Yes. Q: They were born in Silver Stone two? A: Well, my mother was born rear Poplar Grove and my papa was horn there. Q: How many brothers and sisters did you have? A: Well, does that mean living? Q: No. A: Well I have six sisters and one brother all the others are gone. Q: Can you remember, do you have many memories of what life was like when you were growing up. Did you live on a farm? A: -fes. Q: What kind of crops did you raise? A: Well, Papa raised corn, wheart back then to amke our flour, you taow. WB used to gst out the Dutch oven, my brother is one of the younger ones, you know. Us girls, he used to cut his wheat with you've seen these old cradles you know. Did you ever see cne and cut wheat by hand? �We raised our corn, hogs and chickens, things like thata didn't have to run.to the store for everything. You It was pretty hard vork. Q: Did your father sell any of his crops or did he just A: Well, I didn't have ituch0 0 . I went to "the sixth grade. Q: How many months out of the yaar did you go to school? A: Well, when I first started in school it was four months. Then they got to having six month school. Q: What was the names of the schools you attended„ A: I always went to Silver Stone. Q: Do you remember you teachers names. A: Well, my first teacher was Mrs. Lottie Bowes, she's still living and I think my next .teachers name was Jack Greene and Mr. Charlie Haigaman, and Mr. Alie Tugman and Mr. Don Horton and that was all of them. Q: What kind of thing did you learn and what kind of text books did you have? A: Well, at first we didn't have anything only first reader, they called it. And then got a little high. We had a reader and spelling, arithmetic and grammer they called it, geography history. Q: About the same thing they teach no isn't it? A: I guess so. Q: I think it is0 Mr. Richards where were you born? �A: Caldwell County, I think. Q: And were your parents from these too? A: Vfell, ny father was. My mother and father lived there and I come back up here to this country in the mountains when I was six years old.. We lived up on Meat Camp from 6 til I was grown, about 20 or something like that. farmed you know. I lived up the 1s and About everybody ip there farmed. It was hard labor of course but we farmed. Q: What year were you born? A: 1897. Qi What kind of crops did you raise on your farm? A: Well, it was just about like she'd tell you. Corn, pota- toes you know wheat, rye, buckwheat alot of buckwheat«, thing to eat on too, you know. Some- And that was before they had the market crops like tobacco, beans and cabbage. In the later years we got to having market crops, like tobacco and stuff. Q: What kind of live stock did you have? A: Cattle mostly, worked steers. Did you ever see any steers? Q: Yeah, I seen 'em. A: Steers to plow throught the harvest. Had an old cross cut saw to saw up wood in the winter, to put in the fireplaces about half as wide as this house. Q: Go diead. A: One time one side would burn up and the other side would freeze. �Q: I didn ' t know. A: My father would, Jater years got to rasing tomatoes and cabbage to sell0 Q: What about school? How many years of schooling did you bave? A: I don't know. I did n't do no good when I did go. About quit between fifth and sixth grade. Q: Howmany months out of the year did you go? A: About ibru months sometimes we'd run short about three monthso It didn't take long sessions like they do now. children most of them any account at all had to work. to farm the time I was twelve yaars old on. The I had We all had to work seem like to make it. We didn't have a bif family no how. Just myself and two sisters. One of them lives in California and the other one passes away a week ago Saturday. My mother married, you know Jason Muller don't you. Q: I don't know. A: He lived here and was raised up on Meat Camp up there and never traveled around too much. He was Larken Miller's brother. All passes away I think but Jason. But he married my mother and I had a step father for about five or six years. up about 12 years old0 (Mrs. Ro 'I think he was about 10')) A: Well, something along there. (Mrs. R. 'I know he's 94') I can't remember0 I was �Q: When did you two get married? A: Miy the sixteenth, 1918. Q: Where did you live then? A: Well, he lived on Meat Camp and I lived. . 0 Oh, you mean where we lived after we got married. Q; Yeah0 A: Well, we lived on Meat Camp awhile and we moved over to Silver Stone over there. while aid out And we moved over to Howard's Creek a little to somewhere. Q: You've always lived in this county then0 A: Yes. A: (Mr. R.) No we lived about four years in Cleveland, Ohio, wasn't it. R: Well we didn't exactly move up there. A: We lived up ther with Sally Roten (Mr. R). A: You was vorking up there and I would go up there awhile. Q: Mr. Richards what kind of jobs did you have? A: All kinds. I've worked in several shops. I've worked in a shop up there in Cleveland and I used to work at Lenior in a furniture shop. And I've had several jobs sawmilling, car- pentry work and I never could be very choicy about that. I had to work at something or another that wasn't hardly right to work awhile and find something better. Jones, don't you. feymond Jone's brother. You remember Hubfoard Joneses sons. I �worked for him a whole lot. I reckon liked him alot. Most of anybody that sawmilled I don't guess you remember a bunch of Jews around run a pie factory a few years ago. when ve first moved out here wasn't it. ago0 It was Close to 30 years I don't imagine you're that old. Q: Not qiitec A: I vrorked there 10 years ago or longer around and about, around and around. Q: Can you remember a time when you had a hard time getting a job? A: Yeah, yeah, oh yeah, lots of times you couldn't hardly get a pi?. Eack then they didn't pay much, they got labor real cheap» I used to vrork alot for a dollar a day and wages like that. And now they don't like tlBt you know. A: (Mrs. R) If you got a hold of five dollars you thought that was a whole lot of money , didn't they. A: (Mr. R.) How much was it a dollar and seventy five cents or a dollar and a half, something like that. He was awful good to pay what he promised,, I don't remember. It wasn't very much, but still we sorta lived about all you could expect was to live and went to Cleveland, then and made better there, better than I ever had in this county. Q: What kind of wrk did you do in Cleveland? A: I worked in a factory or where they made �R. I call them clothers hampers.) Clothes hampers. For people to carry their laundry around in. like that*, All kinds of stuff I did so many different things I can't remember all of it. A: (MrSo Ro) . . „ we have had it a long time andit's getting old. A: Bunch of Jews I worked for and they were from New York and ate these0 I cut out all that stuff outl I cut it all out on a shaping machine a saw, a big table saw, and shaping machine and a , they tad all kinds of machinery and I ran a machine all the time myself. They vent to a lot of. . . They was alot of people worked there0 We went to a more colored people. QK How many hours a day did you work? A: Well, I worked eight„ We were supposed to work about eight hours, but they let me work a lot of overtime„ 10 hours, 10 orU hours alot of days. I'd work avbout We got time and a half for o/er forty and thats the reason I made pretty good, was the over time. The pay wasn't but about a dollar and sixty cents, I believe it was0 Then I'd get couple hours, maybe 3 everyday of overtime and when it ran over forty hours I got time and a half. Then carried up pretty good when payday come. Q What year was it you were working up there? A: 1952, fall wouldn't it. 3952, I went up there then about four years later I come back about '56 or '570 Something like �8 about 1956 or 1957. Then messing around here I haven't done too nuch work since I came back0 On a job. I've been busy all the time but it's been a farming and messing around,, Q: What about diurches in the area. Can you remember churches that been around here? A: ¥>u Mean. Q: The denominations. What kinds of churches? Just in the county and around. A: (Mrs. R.) You nean we've attended. Q: Well, yeah, Just any you can remember. A: Well, I can remember Methodist Churches and Lutheran, we still have them. Baptist, we always went to the Baptist Church. Oh, I have been to the Methodist Church that was up at Silver Stone. I don't think to any denomination outside of the Baptist Church since we lived over here* Q: To which church did most of the people belong. Which church did most people attend? A: (Mrs. R.) I always thought it was the Baptist, of course I dan't know for sure. Q: What were the churches like, have they changed slot? A: Well, some of them have , but I like the old time way. Q: How are they different. A: Well, I don't know what. You go to diurch now. the people have the interest that they used to did0 then they had monthly meetings0 Seem like Of course The preacher would preach once. �They'd have Saturday meetings to attend to all of the business you friow, and on Sunday. Of course we'd have Sunday School every Sunday, but we wouldn't have preching any more till next month. Aid I remember the fourth Sunday was the monthly meeting in Silver Stone. once a uear. And , oh, they'd have revivals you know about Sometimes they'd last two weeks and they would have a big time. Have services in the daytime, then at night. Q: Do you know how this community got its name? Rainbow Trail community. A: I dan't rightly know0 Thats the name as far back as I can remember. (Mr. R.) A: (Mrs0 R, > Maybe Mr. Walter Cullins could know. Q: Yeah, I talked to him. A: They used to call it the Doe Ridge Section back up in yonder that mountain right thea is Doe Ridge Mountain. This used to go by the name of Doe Ridge Road till after we moved out here then they got to calling it Rainbow Trail., come they to change. I don't know how (Mrs. R.) Q: Well this road here goes in around to Doe Ridge Church, years ago, It maybe now that it's impassable back up there in that mountain. I've been through these a couple of times, it's just a dirt road , around through there years ago. I can remem- ber a person could walk up throug there. (Mr. R) A: (Mrs R) Well we've not been out in there in 7 or 8 years have we. �10 A: (Mr. R) Yeah, I guess, A: (Mrs. R) We've been living out in here nearly fifty years0 A:(Mr. R) What? A: (Mrs. R) We've been living out in here nearly 30 yearso Johnny wasn't hit about 3 years olcU Johnny's 32, maybe 29 or 30 years. Q: How has the community changed over the years? A: (Mr. R) Everybody living, buildt em a new house. A: (Mrs. R) Much better ttiat it was then. moved in town yonder. I know when we Lots of barns looked better than it did. A: (Mr. R) You remember, that old house down yonder0 A: Yeah, A: (Mrs. R) She did n't look to see if it looked worse. A: (Mr. R) You oould tell from the outside before we tors it down. Couldn't possibly be very much on the inside. A: (mrs. R)) I wonder how we kept from freezing to death of a winter time. Q: How long did you live down there? A: (Mrs. R) Law we lived down there. We moved into this house from down there in 1960 and I never stopped to count. A: (Jtfr. R) Down there about 12 years. A: (Mrs. R) Down there about 29 or 30 years then 1960 we moved up here. A: (Mr. R) From "72 it been 12 or 13 years0 �11 A: (Mrs. R) From 1960 on, no 1959 then it come that awful, can you remember that awful snow that come in 1960= Q: Yeah, A: We vas moved in this house thei?,we was lucky we got moved, Well, the weather seemed colder on us you knowa One winter time0 Q: I bet these alot more people lived around here now than they used to be. A: (Mr. R) Yeah. A: (Mrs. R} The 0 . . moved in there. We moved out here. Who moved out there at that house? Anybody living over there at time? Well, he lived over there awhile and Mr. Ladkey. A: (Mr. R) Oh yeah he lived there longer than us. A: (Mrs,R) Yeah, he bought up that place and then Gladys Smith, she moved up here in this house a little while after we moved in that old house dswn there0 where John Greene lives now. And Mr. Hartley lived up there Ed's mother. But they Mr. Lewis and Hartlys were off down the country a working. daddy moved back. When their Mr. Colors he lived up in the hollar and Donald Miller and ttet was about all. And Mr. Woodry. And we lived down in the old house which we tore down. That little house that stood over there and they tore it down. I forgot them, and I believe Jeff Garner lived out there where Mr. in an dd house that s$bd over there and they tore it down. Where Mr. Woodring lived„ Of course they lived in another �12 home. And then there is Glenn Pierce the were living out there in a house that got burned. I can't remember. I guess the, Mr. and Mrs. Lackey living over there across the river. A: (Mrs. R) Yeah, I remember em living over there along time. A: The old road was like a stieeps path, the road down there„ The bushes out the other side of Mr0 Woods would generally lap across the road. A: (Mr0 R) You couldn't meet somebody two a walking, you couldn't hardley passing0 Holler and a scare you to death. Car couldn't come out in here at that tLme0 A: (Mrs. R) There was one once in a while, I don't hardly see how it did. A: (Mr. R) The bushes was high and the cliffs down in here one time. Antler's one, hung on the youngest one, what's his name? A: Petty A: (Mr. R) Help me cut out the bushes off the bank of the road so they wouldn't lap over the road. cut em let the state cut em0 And they said let -ftie state The state wouldn't come out here. No electric lines, nothing out here. A: (Mrs. R) We did have no maid; out there0 A: Yeah, we had to put our mail box out theie at Mrs. Barnes0 (Mrs. New Barnes0) A: (Mr0 R) And they says let the state and I think to myself you've got a long wait. Q: The way it goeso Well how long wag it till the mail started �13 coming ip in here? A: I don't Know but it was a good long while. A: (Mrs* R) I took awhile. I don't remember how long it took. The School bus come out there at to Mr. Judd Barnes and turned there and the mail gst coming out that far. And it wasn't too many years till ttie moil got to coming out that far. And as to where you used to turn over to your house. And then a little later on it got to going to the top of the hil!0 Q: Wello A: (Mr.R) There was Clyde Rumbarger. Do you remember Clyde Rumbarger? Q: "feaho A: Me and him used to go to school together. We while, we was raised up on Meat Camp and he carried the mail back here A: (Mrs. R) I know a Johnny. Tried to rush around and get out to Mr. Woodring to catch the bus. Of course after they left home, they's poke around and let the school bus leave them. I'd get so aggravated. Q: How did people get"around back then, when you were growing up? A: (Mr, R) They was a few people had horspes/ some wouldn't or couldn't buy a saddle hores and buggy0 A buggy would just run over you0 A: fclrse R) If you can believe it, I have gone to church and other places in an ox and wagon. Roads rough , rocky �14 you know, just jolt around. Q: I'll bet it would. I guess it could. A: (Mrs. R) Well, my daddy always kept an exxtra team. out horse to work on the farm. He kept an ox, Rent you'd better b elieve they were pretty slow, but they started to plow farming -he done with them oxen., here on the mountain0 Around the old turnpike you know up Hauled all over the whole county0 Q: Where did most of the roads run? Well just where were the roads you had there? A: (Mr. R) They were mud roads. You sorta know this one was when you fold moved in the old road. in the country, where we growed up. Gravel road or two like that. worked About like they all was They wasn't no paved roads. on them a little. labor wanted the people out you know setting roads. Free Then they would go in and take a rake, I call it a hoe. A: (Mrs. R) Well a lot of the old new roads now run pretty close to SDiaejof the old roads o A: (Mr.R)> Pretty much the way they do now0 A.s Mrs. R They didn't used to be any old roads0 them pretty close to where the old roads were. End of Interview Alot of � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore,Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mr. and Mrs. G.L. Richards, June 12, 1973 Description An account of the resource Mrs. Richards was born March 5, 1902 in Silverstone, NC where she was raised on a farm. Mr. Richards was born in Caldwell County in 1897. He worked many different jobs including sawmilling and carpentry. Mr. and Mrs. Richards recall their childhoods growing up on farms and their small amount of schooling. Mr. Richards talks about the hard time he had finding jobs and describes his working experience in his different career paths. He worked for four years in Cleveland, Ohio. The couple talks about the community and the changes it has experienced in transportation and religion. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clawson, Donna Richards, Mr. & Mrs. G.L. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 14 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape75_Mr&MrsGLRichards_1973_06_12M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Richards, G. L.--Interviews Richards, G. L., Mrs.--Interviews Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Avery County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-12 Caldwell County carpentry church Cleveland crops farm furniture shop G.L. Richards Lenior Meat Camp North Carolina Ohio Poplar Grove sawmilling Silver Stone Sunday School transportation https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/14a22c335aa1c920b226600f8125624d.pdf 93a8eb6176fa8476cd7fcc7c45f637fa PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kirby and Eller Family Letters Description An account of the resource The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection. <div class="subnote "> <p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p> <span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Aswell Eller to Luke Eller Subject The topic of the resource Eller, Luke, 1806-1883 Eller, Aswell Prices Crops Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Letter_nd_018.pdf Description An account of the resource This letter from Aswell Eller to his father, Luke Eller, asks Luke not to come look for land until a later date because of the increased prices. Aswell says that crops are also increasing in price. Aswell has asked his father to pay for the postage of the letter. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Letters (Correspondence) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ashe County (N.C.) Ashe County N.C. Aswell Eller crops family letters letter Luke Eller Mary Eller North Fork N.C. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/00044e26c04754489d0839fcd39dcac0.pdf 101c8c0ea7ea790dc23e3c4f48805d40 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kirby and Eller Family Letters Description An account of the resource The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection. <div class="subnote "> <p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p> <span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Mary Eller to Sallie Eller, 18 July 1890 Subject The topic of the resource Eller, Mary Eller, Sallie Eller family--Correspondence Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-07-18 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Letter_07_18_1890.pdf Description An account of the resource This letter from Mary Eller to her mother talks about the dry summer weather, crops, gardening, and how the family is faring. Mary also mentions her half-brother A.P. Eller. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Letters (Correspondence) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ashe County (N.C.) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890s A.P. Eller crops Eller family family letters letter Mary Eller North Carolina Sallie Eller Weather https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/fc6502ee955ba7c39745489e7d546edf.pdf 82b841b2a08e9673ff3942bbc4b72db9 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kirby and Eller Family Letters Description An account of the resource The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection. <div class="subnote "> <p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p> <span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from V.A. Kirby to Elizabeth Eller, 23 June 1887 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1887-06-23 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Letter_06_23_1887.pdf Description An account of the resource This letter from V.A. Kirby to Elizabeth Kirby talks about her time in North Topeka, Kansas. She wrote that the crops were doing extremely well and that she wished they could come on a visit. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Subject The topic of the resource Crops Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html https://www.geonames.org/4280539/topeka.html Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Letters (Correspondence) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ashe County (N.C.) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880s corn crops Elizabeth Eller Eller family Kansas Kirby family letter North Topeka V.A. Kirby https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1cf51855c4f1e6829f8f0242a522d670.pdf 753f7959e9765d8004405d298668c855 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kirby and Eller Family Letters Description An account of the resource The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection. <div class="subnote "> <p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p> <span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to Ada Kirby from Alice Kirby, 16 October 1881 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881-10-16 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context letter_10_16_1881.pdf Description An account of the resource This letter from Alice Kirby to her aunt Ada Kirby talks about life on the Kansas farm where Alice and her family live. Alice talks about going to school, fairs, and other sources of entertainment, but her letter is focused on the price of various goods. She goes in detail about how much money was made from everything they raised on their farm, and what the going price is for various crops. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Subject The topic of the resource Agriculture Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Letters (Correspondence) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ashe County (N.C.) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1880s Alice Kirby crops farming Guy Kirby Kansas Kirby family Leavenworth Kansas letter North Topeka prices school Virgil Kirby https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0edd9641b672d1a99b304ff8d634d43e.pdf 64171e9b5157b3c9f867f791b3f25b48 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kirby and Eller Family Letters Description An account of the resource The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection. <div class="subnote "> <p><span class="less">Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925.<br /><br />Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King<span class="elipses"></span></span><span class="more"> on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883.</span></p> <span class="note-content readmore expanded"><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></span></div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from D.L. Pickett, 13 April 1832 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1832-04-13 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Letter_1832.pdf Description An account of the resource This letter from D. L. Pickett to two of his friends, William (Wm.) Daniels and Luke Eller, discusses Pickett’s recent move across the American Midwest. He mentions the natural geography of the country he tours, discusses people he sees, and includes the prices of various goods that he notes in the stores. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <p><a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a></p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Subject The topic of the resource Midwest Travel Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Letters (Correspondence) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ashe County (N.C.) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1830s Basin Knob crops D.L. Pickett farming Goods Johnson County Kentucky letter Luke Eller Missouri moving North Carolina William Daniels