1 50 5 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9f48b49954b52c43cb73602febcad365.pdf d59c60b3fb713691e42b6d2806d37422 PDF Text Text Peggy Dotterer Interview This is J ane Efird with Marlene Deaton for the Appalachian Oral History Project , July 17 , 1975 . W ' re speaking with Mrs . Peggy Dotterer at her home in Hot Springs , e North Carolina . Q. I just want you to start telling us about the history of the Hot Springs and who first built the hotels around hre . A. Ah , this is history as I have gotten it from my family and my grandparents and ah, it is not authentic as far as dates nor bave I ever researched all this . These are just fond memories of a past era . And my life began in Hot Springs when I was , came back here when I was about ah , a little over two years old . first home here was in the old Hampton Cottage . time . And my And I lived there a very short My father was ill and my father died there .And my mother was the youngest daughter of the Rumbos . And so , I ah) my roots are pretty deep in Hot Springs from ah family ties and from the fact that I have lived here . And whenever I ' ve gone away from here , I have been irrevetably drawn back by what I can ' t t ell you exactly . So, I have seen it from partially the hey- day and I have also listened to glowing tales of days that came before my time on in to very sad to say , when we no longer can be classed as a tourist town of any kind . was the famous Mountain Fog Hotel . many people , summer after summer . And it was ah , still being visited by a great And it was the type of tourism that we no longer have . You came and you brought your trunk . was small . And you spent the summer . they do now , one night stands . close friends . And you came by railroad train when I Ah , you didn ' t move from place to place like And these people came so often that they became quite And the hotel now as I visualize it , from this standpoint , was a great big rambling ah , wooden structure a.r:rl the front road station . And the first hotel that I remember and it faced the rail- Because that was the center of arriving and leaving . And then , it had the two wings tbat went back and the middle was kind of a courtyard and on the back wing near the bay was the big ballroom and there were very gay activi ties there . D:l.ncing every night , orchestras brought in to be there all summer and the thing , one of the things tlB.t was featured besides the gay social life was the curative waters of the mineral springs . And those mineral springs are not looked upon now as they were then �2 but that was the era of the farm , when people were very eager to go to places of that nature and they believed greatly in , mm, the curative powers when they don ' t anymore . And then ah , I was twelve years old when the end of the hotel as a real thriving tourist business of that era which is a very beautiful memory to me . of what people did and what they were like in the life there. to an end by the beginning of W orld W I. ar And ah , that ah , was brought And my uncleJ by that time, was running it because my grandfather was quite elderly and he had divided the ownership of it . And he felt that there would certainly be no tourist business here and so he made a lease with the government for the German Prisoners to be interned here . And the most interesting part that stands out in my mind from them coming , they had a wonderful German band and it sat down on the lawn there and played all the gorgeous German music of the Blue I.anube and all the waltzes and Strauss W altzes . not only heard it from them but it echoed off of the mountains . And you And the officers were interned in , in the main hotel and the sailors ah , they were merchant marines who were taken . golf link . An They were interned across the road in what had been a part of the ah , that of course went on through the war and then when the war was over , it was an army hospital for a short time . have the real old fashioned ah , summer hotels . Rlt never , never again did we And it had been the heart of the town . And of course , there were future attempts for tourism here because we were on 25- 70 . And that for a time was the main road . And it was for a good many years . all the traffic from the mid- west through to Florida . It brought And we lBd ah , a season of winter people on their way down to Florida and on their way back . Bu~as were built , fewer and few people , fewer people came this way at all . And it ' s very sad really for me to have seen it go into the decline that it ' s in now . very definitely the last stroke was the opening of I- 40 . highways But , it And we tried very hard to ge1j, bring the roads through here , but it was a sort of a political deal with who we tried and they got I- 40 and it completely took , took the through traffic away from us . And even t he motel down there that was the motel of the town then ah , is now , it ' s grew but you don ' t see too many people there . And the ah , cafe that was ah , the best one that we had is now is a liquor store , an AB:: store . nice place , eating place there . That was a real And for a time we had no eating place and now we �3 have a sort of a one down town here which ah , doesn ' t stay open very regularly and isn ' t patronized much. And there is really no ah , r esemblance whatsoever t o this town as I lrn.ew it when I was growing up . rooted here and loved it very much. Tennessee . My And my family was always very ah , deep- And there was a very_close tie in with Greenville , f amily had come from there . Jr ., the president ' s son . Ah , one of my aunts married Andrew Johnson And the Greenville people patronized Hot Springs and for many years they drove a railroad train over here and had an annual picnic long after Hot Springs .l:ad faded away as being ah , a real tourist center . They still came and ah , had their picnic down in the old hotel grounds like they had always done . then that passed interval . It wasn ' t done anymore . And So I , I can ' t ah , I can ' t see that we have much hope for tourism as we have knownit , but there may come a time when this will be a sort of a retirement center . And about the only thing we have to off er now is very lovely soenery , ,very quiet atmosphere , and very nice all- year- round climate . Of course , we don ' t get terribly cold here and ah , our SUilllllers are just as nice with a very cool m ountain night . And yet just ah , when or who we will attract ah , enough of people to change the place drastically , I ' m not sure whather it will talce a long , long time or not . Q. And now can you think of anything that you ' d like to. W ell, ah , you said that you remember some fond stories that your grandparents and your parents told you . Could you start , you :Im.ow , tell ing us some of those about the ah , the old , the tourist business so long ago? A. Well , the tourist business long ago was just possibly , as I remember it , is m uch as stories passed onto me . I must say the greatest number of stories ever passed onto me were the things t hat went on during the civil war because that w growing up , that was still very vital in their minds . had happened a d t here I was The epis odes were things that are two stories of Civil W days . ar And one of them was that ah, my grandmother was living in a little cottage back upon the hill and my grandfather had gone off and he was on the Confederate side and so she was there with the children and she ah , the soldiers were coming . They were on the other side and we had trouble here apparently with what they call bushwackers , deserters anything . the mountains and they simply came in as marauders . They hid ~ut They weren ' t fighting for any in �4 cause. They were, it was just a good chance f or outlaws to express themselves . And so when she heard of them coming , she was really a very gallant lady , and she went out , got an old colored man to help her , and she went out and burned the bridge t hat led over to the hotel . Then , another story is , is when they were they came and they were taking everything they had and she had taken up the floor in the rarlor and had a horse in there that she loved very much . They were going to lead the horse away and she threw her arms around the horse's neck and the man went off with her hanging onto the horse for dear life . And so , the young officer on the Union side said · well , if the lady loves the horse that much , give it back to her . " So , she saved it . Then , this other story they used to tell was that there was a battle f ought down at the Hotel Grand . I guess you ' d call it a squirmish . And the ah , this young Union soldier was was killed and he was fatally wounded and he died in my grandmother ' s arms . They were out trying to help both sides . You were That was the way of war in those days . out killing, but you were you had a heart f or the other ~ide as people , human beings . And so , when he died in her arms , he had lovely golden sort of curls and she cut off some and sent them to his mother . And it was a life-long friendship by way of never meeting but writing back and forth t o each other always . And as far as as tourism was concerned , I think that this description that I have in this article is about the way it was and the way ah, the first way I remember it and I say in here in order to describe the life tl:at centered about the second hotel , we quote from a , of a , from an article written by one of the writers in that the Carolina used to publish. rom t:be pamphlet tl:a t I say although many came for the curative value of the water , many others of tbe South ' s elite came summer after summer to enjoy the gay social life and whether that would be gay social life today I ' m not sure but that was their type of gay social life . And I go on to say mountains has become famous and I can remember the thing that stands out in my mind , something that people loved then and I don ' t know whether they ' d love it now or not and that was t he amateur theatricals . W were al ways having ah , somebody getting up amateur e theatricals to be put on the stage of the ballroom and I can well , the thing I re- �5 member was a man sitting in a chair , ah, smoking his pipe and remembering his former sweetheart . And I can remember that I was with a sweetheart number; number 1 when I was about five years old. W walked out on the stage and stood there. e And of course, he lad what his memories were recited, in some kind of verse that had be en written local . And I can remember all these theatricals, sort of brought in a local picture of life around here . And they used to have people in the hotels that were called the entertainment and they not only ran t he hotel , but they felt responsible f or keeping t he guests very well entertained . And we did have horse- back riding and there were trails around here and there ' s an old road on the mountain back of the cabin I used to live in , that was called Dead Park Road . originallY, I remembered is wide enough for a buggy to go OL And and the people from the motel would be taken out buggy riding up on the mountain and ah , ah around the hotel there were things like ah i g watermelon cuttings where the where they would pick the watermelons in the garden dovm here , put them in a wagon and then the man would ride into the center and then we ' d have a watermelon cutting and all the guests would be there . gether thing . And so it was the type of entertainment t!at would bring the people torather than everybody going out like they do now and doing their -Own It was an era of ah, enjoying social activ planning social activities of rather a grandiose nature, I ' d say . many ideas like The Bapt~st people weren 't really sold over to too I can remember these beautiful evening dresses and they had the dresses had trains on them and there was a loop int~ d of, on the edge of· the dress and the ladies put these over their wrists and that lifts the train and then they waltzed and I was very small and used to sit on the back porch and and look - in at what was going on and I thought that was the most beautiful thing I ' d ever seen, all these ladies holding their running in t he fields with One of the young ladies just asked me if I knew ah could remember any.. of the ah sgrt· of famous people or famous ~ to~me mind is O' Henry , the author . people and the one that stands out in my And he had married a lady from Asheville and he �6 came down here on his second honeymoon because he ' d already been married before . And I remember , I don ' t know i f this is out of place, but I remember they served mint julips up at my house and there were quite a l arge crowd that came and participated in this event and so I got to see the real live O' Henry . And we had good friends that came but as f or really famous people, I ' m not sure that I can remember . Let me think i f I can remember anybody . W had a great many New Orlean ' s e people-the far south people because I guess t hey found this so delightful for summer . Q. You don ' t have to tell us about famous people but any certain people that you you know were good, just real good friends with or anything like that . A. You see , I was pretty young and ah , so my friends were some of the children down at the hotel and I missed that very much after there was no more hotel because that ' s where I f ound all my playmates . It ' s been s o many years ago I ' m not sure I can remember anybody by name particularly but I do remember the that people talked about later by the family. And they had , evidently , become close personal friends and they were mostly far south people and I wish I could could remember better , but you don ' t remember too well when you ' re my age . Q. Tell us about ah the first inn and then when the second one was built , and each of the owners - ah, how the ownership passed down through the generations . A. The f irst that made this part of the country famous was t he era of the drovers . Do you know anything about the drovers? W ell, ah , by way of the Buncombe turnpike which went through here , M adison County, through Hot Springs , they used to drive the there were pigs and turkeys and those were the two most famous things that you heard of being driven through down to Charleston , South Carolina , down t o the coast and probably in between . And inns were spotted all through Madison County because of the drovers and you see that was a profitable thing . they also had to provide feed for the animals . turkeys and pigs . The man stayed in the inn and I ' m sure they had cattle as well as And t he local farmers could sell the grain . So , I guess I would say that probably Madison County was as prosperous in the drovers era as it was , ha s ever been since . And the first inn that I ever heard of was run by the Neilsons . And I knew descendents of that fami l y w were G ho arretts and the one of the Garretts �7 that I knew real well was named William Neilson so, I ' m certain of the tie in there . And that was not on the present site of the present hotel , it was down the river a ways on the other side . And then the first hotel that I ever knew of here , whether it was built by the Pattons or bought by the Pattons , I ' m not certain because I ' ve seen it written both ways . And all of our history , even though it had been written down in late years , perhaps isn ' t absolutely authentic as to ownership , but we always seemed to be quite proud of the fact that the man who later became the Civil War governor of North Carolina , Governor Vance, was a clerk at our hotel . And the first hotel was the one that my grandfather bought and he bought it from the Pattons . And I never have known why but the deed says "the Pattons and Grand Master Rascal ," and what a grand master was I ' ve never known . So , the days when my grandfather first bought it was just prior to the Civil War and so after the Civil War was when its greatest development came . And then he came back after the Civil W and ar hotel and a resort of those days . the sta e coach line . South Carolina . , opened up the hotel as a resort So , his chief interest then was the hotel and And he ran a stagecoach from Greenville , Tennessee to Greenville , Of course, it didn ' t carry many passengers at one time and the most famous stories that have passed around the ·family about the stagecoach were that they didn't keep up the road very well and it was on the old Buncombe Turnpike which WBnt down by the river . It was full of great big boulders and they ' d have floods and nobody would fix up the road and it was pretty rough on the passengers and the stagecoach. And so , Grandfather mounted the stagecoach one day with an axe in his hand and he cut down the toll gate because he said he had paid enough tolls for them not to use any of it to fix up the road . So , then , there became an agreement whereby he kept up the road and didn ' t have to pay any toll. And his main interest was getting a railroad through here and it took a good many years to get it through Hot Springs . It came as far as W olf Creek , Tennessee and then they ' d have to come on from here by a horse-drawn vehicle . And it was very rough terrain we had that made it difficult to put a railroad all the way through here . But , about the late 18e0 1 s , and I have the exact date somewhere because somewhere I rave a letter that he wrote from Greenville , s .c. to my grandmother and he says that last night they got the railroad through which �8 means he ' d been to a meeting . And so, of course , it was the days of the railroad when people tourists moved by railroad that was my early childhood that was most impressive to me and I can remember looking out of the windows with my aunt and seeing how many people got off the afternoon train and the Negro porter would have the ,q ags up in the car and the people all came strolling down the main road under the trees to the hotel . It was a very long walk , but you might say they arrived by railroad and then by f oot . grea t deal . And that didn ' t last for much of my life , but it impressed me a And I spent a great deal of my lif'e around the hotel because my grand- parents lived there and of course it was wonderful for a child to be able to go into his grandfather ' s hotel dining room and eat whatever you wanted to . And we had a great long family table and this old Nigger man tl:nt we all called Uncle Simon waited on tables and Uncle Simon always went around behind us fussing about what we did and didn ' t eat . And so , but , all of this was way back in my early childhood and I didn ' t get very much of it before VAVI came along and that was the end of that . The present building t hat we have down that we have down here now the present brick building has never been used except temporarily as a small inn which was never. r.un very long by anybody and it ' s n ever been very successf ul . center came t o i ts end wi th WWI . To me, t he Hot Spr ings as a tourist It might have gone on a little while longer had the building not burned in t he 1920 1 s , but my thought is that it would have terminat ed anyway because lifestyles were changing • Automobiles were coming in and I n ever considered it at all the same t ype of tourist resort when the automobiles came and the boarding "houses and the motels . didn ' t even have bathrooms in them . Of course , t he f irst tourist cabins , they They were just little well , The firs t ones I remember , it was just a little log building , but suprisingly enough people traveled in those days and they weren ' t v ery particular about it and then of course , motels became j ust like expensive hotels . To give you a little of t he history of the place , now this i.s. not authentic history , this is as I got i t from my family . The Indians used to meet here to use the water . It was a meeting place of various tribes of Indians . And they were discovered , we ' ve a lways been told , and then the story is of t wo men , the scouts , who were watching �9 for the Indians and they were had gone on out around . a~ad to see if there were any Indians This was during the time when I guess they had squirmishes with Indians , and they discovered them near Hot Springs . But , it had been known , as far as I ' ve always been told , by the Indians long , long before that and I wouldn ' t doubt at all but what it had not been used by the Indians becau~ e even though they say now days that you can get in the bathtub and get just as much benefit , I ' ve always felt that mineral water of the type we !ave is really very superior . than Hot Springs , Arkansas . the hotel was going on . It was always rated even better W certainly saw some very interesting cures here when e I well remember a family friend that they lifted off the train on a stretcher and he took the baths and before he left at the end of that summer he danced in the ballroom . And he became a lifelong family friend and would come back and visit us even when there was no longer a hotel here . are curative values I can assure you . And so , there And my family , my mother and my aunt always felt that whatever you had , if you ' d just go down and take a bath and drink the mineral water there you ' d be fixed up fine and so the two things the things they emphasized then were the curative values and then they went in big for the type of entertainment that people liked then and enjoyed . The widows were not too terribly though they were much more so than they are now , but they developed a scheme by which in the month of February , I think from Christmas on , it was probably pretty slow . : You see , the fall was very lonely here . It would sort of linger along til perhaps November and I guess they didn ' t mind the slow season in there when they didn ' t have people . And then they ' d contacted some people in Akron , Ohio and rented them an entire wing of the hotel . filled it themselves with their friends . Thereby , they In February was mild then and the early winter was the part that was cold and so they used to help out that way . you would get picked up because April was quite a warm spring month . And by March So , I don ' t think they had to struggle through too many winter mont hs and then I imagine that they had a few people that came and went regularly such as the Drummins who used to go through the country the country store and they always had to put up some- where , And Hot Springs had a good m any boarding houses back in those days for people �10 that did not stay at the hotel . And right back of this house , right over there there ' s a famous old boarding house run by Lancefords . in the summertime even after the days of the hotels . accomodations all over town . then . And ah , it used to fill up And there were boarding house And Hot Springs doesn ' t look at all now what it looked So that main street ' s become acrossed with bridges of that was where people lived and the stores and the post offices and whatever other business buildings like the livery stable which every town had one then . t'ha railroad station when I was growing up . Ah , somewhere in my possessions and I ' m not sure where right now because things are kind of mixed up , I rave a little book that you just called a brochure that were mailed out and I would say the greatest advertisement was word of mouth and I think people became more familiar with a place because somebody went there that liked it . . \ Ah , because people didn ' t rave radios , t . v . s , and barely even newspaper advertisements . M ost advertising , I ' d say the greatest, by word of mouth . Ah , well , the efforts were made you see by the building of superior court here . And all along , through the year , as I described to you a little bit ago , in those days . there were Trat was And I remember we didn ' t have a lot of automobiles travelling here as early as they did other places because our roads weren ' t very good around here . I know when I learned to drive a car in 1925 there wasn ' t a paved road around here anywhere. The road over this mountain that you came over was practically single-laned and a dirt road and the first road I remember didn ' t even have It was just a dusty road . rock The dust maybe hid you in the summertime . So, the efforts have been here to encourage tourists , but the ah , things just haven ' t worked out . If we had maintained a steady tourist travel it wa.ild have certainly required ah, very good roads that we don 't have because when the railroad travel went out entirely at all. Ah , people moved only by automobiles , tourist travel . can understand what I thought it was . And you �11 No, I don ' t remember . Ah , of course, I was very young during the days of the hotel and it was all very glamorous to me and I thought it was lovely . And I ah, thought it was quite beautifully run because my grandfather ran it I guess . And it was a tie-in with the family and this house that we ' re sitting in right now was built by my grandfather in 1868 and it has been completely remodelled . But , you can look over there and see a picture of it as it was . And as it was, as I lived in it as a child and in fact until not too many years ago before it was remodelled like it is now . It was my grandfather ' s home . My mother was born here . And ah , it has never been, except for rented for a short period of ti.me a boarding house while the family lived in Asheville a little while during the days of southern company, the Civil W aftermath and it ' s always been mentioned ar by the family . It was never owned by anyone else . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Efird, Jane Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Dotterer, Elizabeth Interview Date 7/17/1975 Location The location of the interview. Hot Springs, NC Number of pages 11 pages Date digitized 9/16/2014 File size 8.11MB Checksum alphanumeric code 8df455f77e2183ea64b8c3af6459e207 Scanned by Tony Grady Equipment Epson Expression 10000 XL Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal; non-commercial; and educational use; provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965-1989; W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Special Collections; Appalachian State University; Boone; NC). Any commercial use of the materials; without the written permission of the Appalachian State University; is strictly prohibited. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AC.111 Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965 - 1989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape300_ElizabethDotterer_transcript_M Title A name given to the resource Interview with Elizabeth Dotterer [July 17, 1975] Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Efird, Jane Dotterer, Elizabeth Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Subject The topic of the resource Hot Springs (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Community life--North Carolina--Hot Springs--History--20th century--Anecdotes Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Dotterer talks about growing up in Hot Springs, North Carolina, where many tourists would come and stay over the summer. She explains: "It was the type of tourism we no longer have. You spent the entire summer." After the outbreak of WWII the nature of tourism changed. Dotterer reflects fondly on working at the hotels and spending time with the summer tourists. She explains that the opening of the I-40 highways had a big impact on tourism as well. Andrew Johnson Jr Asheville automobiles Buncombe Turnpike cars Civil War drovers Elizabeth Dotterer formal balls German band German prisoners Greenville Hampton Cottage Hot Springs hotel entertainment Hotel Grand Madison County N.C. Mountain Fog Hotel Native Americans railroad Tennessee tourist business https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3452c0315f054b3e81d01edac3cda72c.pdf 4c7fcd0af7786bcaa3d72357db39392f PDF Text Text AOHP #66 Page 1 This is an interview with Mr. and Mrs. Lee Greene for the Appalachian Oral History Project, by Donna Clawson, at Route 2, Boone, on June 11, 1973. QUESTION: Mrs. Greene, I'll start with you. ANSWER: Where were you born? (Mrs. G) You mean the county? Q: Yes, the county or the area. A": (Ms. G) I was born in Watauga County, or Meat Camp. Q: What was the year? A: (Ms. G) 1908. Q: What about you, Mr. Greene? A: (Mr. G) Well, I was born in 1904. Q: Were you born in this county? A: (Mr. G) Watauga County, yes. this house. Just a little ways right here from That little house that used to stand out here where that other house was. Q: Who were your parents? A: (Mr. G) Henry Greene and Lura. Q: Who were your parents, Mrs. Greene? A: (Ms. G) Pink Jones and Laura Jones. Q: Had your parents always lived in this county? A: (Mr. G) Yes. Q: They were born in this county? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, Watauga County. Q: What about your parents? A: (Ms. G) They were too. Q: Mrs. Greene, I'll talk to you a while then. did you have? Both of them. How many years did you go? A: (Ms. G) I just went to the seventh grade. Q: How many months out of the year did you go? What kind of schooling �AOHP #66 Page 2 A: (Ms. G) Six. Q: Was it a one-room schoolhouse? A: (Ms. G) Yes. Q: How many teachers did you have? A: (Ms. G) Just one teacher, every year. Q: The same teacher the whole time? A: (Ms. G) No, a different one each year. Q: What kind of thing did you study in school? A: (Ms. G) Let's see. Arithmetic, that's what they called it back then. English, spelling, history, geography, sanitation, and, one other thing. I can't think of the name of the book. (Mr. G) Grammar? (Ms. G) No. Q: That's about the same thing they teach now. and sisters? What about brothers How many did you have? A: (Ms. G) I had one brother and four sisters. Q: What were their n^^es? A: (Ms. G) Well, Docia's my oldest sister. And Allie Barnes. You want their full names? Q: Yes, that'll be fine. A: (Ms. G) Docia Suddreth, Allie Brown, Bessie Greene, Verlee Brown, and Stanford Jones. Q: Were they all older than you, or were you in the middle? A: (Ms. G) I was next to the youngest. Q: Mr. Greene, how much schooling did you have? A: (Mr. G) I guess I got through maybe what they call the fifth grade. Q: How many months out of the year did you go? A: (Mr. G) When first I went it was just three months. There were four older than me. up to six months. Q: Did you study about the same things Mrs. Greene did? A: (Mr. G) About the same things. Then they got ( �AOHP #66 Page 3 Q: A: What about teachers, did you have one each year? (Mr. G) They teached all the grades that was teached, they didn't grade them like they do now. went along. Passed them through their books as they Didn't grade them like they do now. (Ms. G) We never had a report card or anything like that. Q: You just went through? A: (Ms. G) Yeah, they just passed you. Q: Do you remember the name of the school you went to? A: (Mr. G) Huh? Q: What was the name of the school? A: (Mr. G) Uh, Sands. Q: What was yours? A: (Ms. G) I went to three different schools. I guess you know where that is, up Meat Camp. Springs. I went to Chestnut Grove. And then went to Maple It was only two schools, yeah. Q: Well, what year did y'all get married? A: (Ms. G) 1927. Q: Did you live around here then? A: (Ms. G) We lived in PErkinsville. Q: How long did you live there? A: (Ms. G) Three years. Q: Then did you move back up here? A: (Ms. G) Yeah, we moved down here where Herbert Foster lives. And then we moved from there, down there on the creek, you know where J. D. Greene owns that little house below the creek. And then we moved from there to here. Q: How many children do you have? A: (Ms.G) Two. Q: Mr. Greene, what kind of occupations have you had, what kind of jobs? A: (Mr. G) Farming the most of the time, up till the last twenty-two years. Two sons. Then I been working in produce ever since. �AOHP #66 Page 4 Q: Can you remember a time when you had hard time getting a job? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, they wasn't no jobs, back then 'cept only farming. I never had no hard time gettin' a job. I could get work to do. body wanted any work done, if I had time to do it. / then, you didnjt get too much done away from home. If any- If you tried to farm (Ms. G) They weren't no plants you know, or anything like that to work at. Q: They've not been around here too long. A: (Ms. G) No, they haven't. Q: What kind of crops did you raise? A: (Mr. G) Raised corn, potatoes, rye, wheat, buckwheat. Q: Did you sell any of them or did you just use them? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, sold some fo 'em. his tax. A fellow had to sell enough to pay That's the only way we had of paying the tax. Q: Is that all you ever had to pay? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, that's about all. Had to buy a little sugar and coffee once in while. Q: Goodness, that's not like it is today. What about livestock, did you have livestock? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, kept one cow most of the time. two. (Ms. G) Three, we had three cows. Part of the time I had (Mr. G) Three here one time, didn't we. Q: What about churches in this area, what kinds of churches have been around here? A: The denominations and all. (Mr. G) Well, the Methodist and the Baptist have been around the longest, I guess. Q: Which church did the most people belong to? A: (Mr. G) I'm not sure I could tell you about that. Baptist, most of 'em. Q: I suppose the Right through this area, anyway. Were the churches a lot different then from what they are now? �AOHP #66 Page 5 A: (Mr. G) Yeah, they's a whole lot different. People didn't try to dress up so fine like they do anymore, when they went to church. Q: I guess not. A: (Ms. G) Didn't have it to dress in. Q: What other ways have the churches changed? A: (Ms. G) You answer that. (Mr. G) What? Q: What other ways have the churches changed? A: (Mr. G) Well, these trends. . . trying to build bigger churches. And having less attendance, I think, than they used to have. Q: That's right. A: (Mr. G) That's the way I think they've changed. Q: That's true. A: (Mr. G) From an old feller by the name of Sands, I guess what give it the Sands name. Q: How did this community get its name? (ms. G) That's what I've heard. Can you remember any of the decision makers in this community in the past years? A: (Mr. G) I can't think of any of them. Q: I guess its mostly just been involved in the county, iL-/ rather than so much of a separate community. A: (Mr. G) Yeah. Q: Has the community changed a lot? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, right smart. Q: What about the population of the community? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, more. Q: Are either of you interested in politics? A: (Mr. G) Interested in politics? Q: Yes. A: (Mr. G) Yeah, I've always been interested. Q: Can you remember any special elections? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, all of 'em. People don't visit nigh like they used to. Is it more? �AOHP #66 Page 6 Q: Oh, really? A: Yeah! Q: Did you get out and politic? A: (Mr. G) No, I didn't politic but I always tried to get over there and cast my vote. Q: Just kept up with 'em, huh? A: (Mr. G) Yeah. to go vote. (Ms. G) We've always just been interested enough (Mr. G) No, I ain't never took no part in the local affairs much. Q: Well, voting shows a big interest. How did most of the people around here vote? A: (Mr. G) Well, I guess 'at most of 'em, biggest majority of 'em was Republicans — Q: A: in this county. How do you think politics have changed over the years? , (Mr. G) I think its got rotten, that's how. (Ms. G) You shouldn't 'a said that. Q: No, that's fine. I've heard a lot 'a people say that. just about agree with you, too. A: I think I How have the politics changed? (Mr. G) Used to, the candidates would debate, ya know, at some certain place and speak against one another, but they don't do that no more. It's all on television, or not no speaking a 'tall, or maybe have a few gettogethers somewhere, where the parties met. An' when they debated aginst one another, an' face to face in politics it 'uz even more interesting than it is now. Q: I bet it was. A: (Mr. G) They'd get so mad they could kill one another when they get up to speak at one another. (Ms. G) I can remember going to hear people speak with my daddy when I was just litt^g, An ' he'd want to go hear somebody speak that was on his side, ya know. night and he'd take us children and go. They'd usually speak at �AOHP #66 Page 7 Q: Well, did they ever get in real heated arguments? A: (Mr. G) Yeah, they'd get in some purty hot 'uns, sometimes. Q: What about the crowd, did they get mad, too? A: (Mr. G) No, the crowd didn't seem to worry much. think so. I can't remember anybody getting too mad. probably riled up on a few of 'em in the crowd. that 'ud give us any trouble. (Mrs. G) I don't (Mr. G) Course it (Ms. G) Wasn't nothing (Mr. G) No trouble, whatever. I never did hear of ..having no trouble Q: That's unusual. At least now it seems unusual. How did people get around, back when you were growing up? A: (Mr. G) We walked, wherever we went. or a wagon. We went in a horse and buggy, My father bought an old steer wagon. (Ms. G) My daddy had a steer, yoke 'a steers that I remember we rode to church in. You know what a steer is. Q: Yeah. Did you ever walk pretty long distances? A: (Mr. G) Yeah. Q: How long did it take ya to do that? A: (Mr. G) Not too long. We'd go five or six miles. Back then when I'se young I could walk purty good. Q: Where did you have to walk to ? A: Yeah, ya had to walk to town when ya went to town. three miles, ya know. Did you, like walk to town much? That 'uz about That 'uz just a short distance, back then. (Ms.G) Nobody didn't mind walking to town, back then. (Mr. G) Never thought nothing about it. (Ms. G) When my daddy moved down here, ya know, where Wilson Brown lives, we moved down there, and I'se eleven years old when he moved from Meat Camp down there. And all of us walked back up to Meat Camp to church. Q: Well, that seems like a long way now. I guess people have gotten lazy. A: (Ms. G) And they'd be running a revival meeting, ya know, at night, and we'd all fall in, ya know, and get ready in time to go to church at night. �AOHP #66 Page 8 (Mr. G) People back then when they had produce to sell they hauled it to Lenoir and sold it. On a wagon, and team. Q: How long did that take ya? A: (Mr. G) Take 'em three or four days to go from thefeto Lenoir and back. (ms. G) My brother used to run a steer wagon for hauling produce. Took a long time to go with a yoke 'a steers down there. Q: I guess it did. A: (Mr. G) Back then nobody 'uz in no big hurry. They'j^meet up with somebody, they'd stand and talk for an hour or two an1 now they won't hardly speak howdy to ya. Q: That's the way it goes. It does seem to be that way. You'd \k with people having it easier getti to spend with people. A: (Mr. G) It looks like it. But they hain't, they've got to go. (Ms. G) Looks like when you can go so much quicker that you'd have more time. (Mr. G) Everythings speeded up the past few years. Q: Yeah, I've seen it speed up just as long as I've been alive. A: (Mr. G) Yeah, you've seen it speeding up, all the way up. (Ms.G) I know we lived on Meat Camp one time. They'uz a having a revival meeting, ya know, an' they had it in the afternoons and the evenings. An 1 I can remember walking and going with Momma, and we went across the where Mr. Ira Brown used to live, the Dr. Harmon place, ya know, and come on across that way. And I can remember, as we went back, ya know in the fall of the year it began to get dark so early. And we got down to where Aunt Mary Jones used to live and it was agettin dark there, and we had to go through the dark from there on home. Q: That'd be something today, wouldn't it. Where did most of the roads and the railroads run around here? A: (Mr. G) Well, there wasn't no railroads here, till Tweetsie come into Boone and I don't remember what year that was. it never did come back in. It washed it out in "40 and �AOHP #66 Q: Where were most of the i(a:ojds and things? A: (Mr. G) Page 9 Only railroad was Todd, I guess. gauge running into Boone. place. And that little narrow (Ms. G) But the roads now aren't in the same (Mr. G) And then they built a road that goes up here to Rich Mountair to get logs out. And then went on that narrow gauge over to Shulls Mills. See, they had a sawmill over there. up Howard's Creek, was there. (Ms. G) There wasn't much of a road (Mr. G) No, not much of one at that time. (Ms. G) Then they built a good road up there. We can remember it but I don't remember what year it was. Q: What about some of the other roads, like Meat Camp Read? Was it a pretty good road? A: (Mr. G) No, rough road, and trees so low you couldn't get around them. (Ms. G) They wasn't many roads that was even just gravelled, much that you could travel. Q: Of course, I guess, without having cars it didn't make much difference what the roads were like, did it? A: (Mr. G) No, they got to improving roads when cars begun to come into this country. Got to hard-surfacing 'em then. (Ms. G) This road that goes around down here, ya know, this old road, I can remember when they's a-building that, before I was married. And then out there at Sands, right below, or about even with that house there of ( ? Mr.) Cook's, there's a big mud hole there, ya know, and couldn't nobody get through it. car had tried to get through there. And one There wasn't but a very few, ya know. They would get stuc^r And they's always somebody coming out to my Dad's to get Stanford and Daddy to take their yoke of steer and they'd have to go pull those cars out of the mudhole. Q: When did the first cars come in? saw your first car? Can you remember the year you �AOHP #66 Page 10 A: (Mr.G) (Ms.G) (Mr.G) (Ms.G) seeing. then? I don't remember the exact year. I don't believe I do remember the year. It would 'a been about '15, I guess. But I remember who was driving the first one that I remember And I was scared of it. Do you know I was scared of a car back We lived on Meat Camp, that was before we moved doen here where Daddy lived. And we had come to Mr. Dan Cook's to the store, when he had an old storehouse - - -out ttere. Well, where was it that stood? (Mr.G) Right down this side of where J. B."s got# his store. (Ms.G) No, that first one that was doen here beside- - - (Mr.G) That first one stood right down this side right below the old Ingram house down there. Alongside of the road. (Ms.G) Oh, I thought you said below the road. (Mr.G) Well, 'tis, down this-a-way. (Ms.G) Well, it was on the other side of the road. be, you're right. Yeah, it would That one down there. . . . (Mr.G) He moved out right down and went up by George Hayes', you know. When that storehouse stood there. (Ms.G) You know where Oscar Hayes lives, don't you? the George Hayes place. left on around there. can you remember it? Well that was And the road went way around that hill, to the And right there below where that old Ingram house, It's not been tore down long. Q: Yeah, I think I remember it. A: (Ms.G) It's right there below where Charles Hodges, uh,. . . (Mr.G) . . .slaughter - place is at... (Ms.G) Well, I don't know what I was going to tell you before that. Q: You were talking about the car, the first one you saw. A: (Ms.G) Yeah, that car. We'd been over there to that store, and we went back around that road, ya know, and we went, walking up around up through that bottom above where Oscar Hayes lives. And went on up the road there a little piece,...we got over in Tommy Hayes' field and walked on �AOHP # 66 that hill to where the Howard Foster house is. Page 11 You know, where Howard Foster used to live, you know, over near Meat Camp. Who is it lives there now, Mr. Shook? (Mr.G) Yeah. (Ms.G) We'd go right across that hill, ya know. We heard this car a-coming before we got to where we always crawled under this wire fence, ya know, where we'd come up there above Oscar Hayes1. And I can remember how scared we was and we run ourselves near to death because we's so afraid of that car. And we wanted to get there and crawl under that fence and get in that field before that car passed us. it. And Henry Miller was driving Henry Miller had bought him a car back then. And that's the first car I can remember seeing. Q: I bet that would have been scary. A: (Ms.G) We was so afraid of that car. . . . because we had never seen one. And we's afraid to be out in the road for it to pass us. Q: Can you remember the first car you saw? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, I believe it was along back about '14 or '15. Around that year. (Ms.G) It was . . . now we moved from over there in 1918. And it was just a few years before that becuase I was a purty goog-sized Qirl. And I was eleven years old when we moved there. I guess he's about right. About 1914 or '15. Q: What did you think of the first car you saw? A: (Mr.G) Well I thought it was a kinda funny looking outfit. Q: I guess they did look strange at first. A: (Mr.G) Yeah, but I soon got used to 'em. Q: What was the first car you ever had? A: (Mr.G) Ah, the first 'un I ever owned was a '21 Ford, I believe. Q: You remember when you got that? A: (Mr.G) I got it off 'a Larry Lane. �AOHP #66 Page 12 (Ms.G) She said when. (Mr.G) Oh, no, I don't remember exactly when. It musta' been about 1920, something along that. Q: Did you enjoy riding around in the car? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, I liked to drive it. T-Model Ford's what it was. One seat. Q: Did you like it better than walking, and horse 'n buggy 'n all that? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, Yeah I liked it better 'n that. where quicker and back. Q: any- Go further. What about some of the crafts in the area? the curing, and the weaving. A: You could Like the soapmaking, Have you done much of that? (Ms.G) I never did do any weaving. to make all the soap that I used. I've made a lot of Soap. I used Me and my mother used to make soap. She done a lot 'a spinning and carding, but she never did any weaving. Q: Did you ever learn to do any of the spinning? A: (Ms.G) No, I never did any spinning. Q: I've heard it's pretty hard to do. A: (Ms.G) It was for me. I never did try, though, very much. put us to doing other things since she did all that. Mother She never did teach us. (Mr.G) Yeah, people used to save all their ashes where they burnt the wood to make lye to make soap out of. Set off a hollow tree, make gums, pour the ashes in 'em. (Ms.G) Set 'em up on a big rock, let the rock be a little slant. They'd pour water down in those ashes and set a crock down under there, my mother did, to catch the drippings. (Mr.G) They'd chisel 'em out a little channel, you know, that'd run into the vessel. Set 'em up there, pour water in 'em to get the lye. (Ms.G) She never did buy canned lye. (Mr.G) Why back then, people was the lyingest things you ever seen. LAUGHTER. �AOHP #66 Page 13 Q: I guess they had to be. A: (Ms.G) My mother made her own vinegar and all that she used in the pickles. She never bought any. Q: Well, I didn't know you could make vinegar. A: (Ms.G) Well, she'd take a bunch of apple peelings. exactly how she made it. How do you do that? I don't know But she'd pour water over that, and let it set 'til it would work, ya know, and then she'd strain it. Just have the liquid part, ya know, and let it sit so much and she skim it. know exactly how she did make it. And, ooh, it was strong, too. Q: I don't But she'd make some of the best vinegar. It'd really pickle things. What about mountain cures, like when somebody got sick, did you have cures for different things? A: (Ms.G) Yes, we had some. Q: What were some of the cures you can remember? A: (Ms.G) Well, back then children had worms and you know they say now they don't have 'em. And Momma would always give garlic, ya know the heads of garlic, or the bulbs, ya know, out of the ground. And she'd beat that up, andy put it on, . . . between a cloth, ya know, and put that on your stomach. And that would cure worms. And then they was an herb that she growed in the garden, she called rue. that was good for worms. I think it was spelled r-u-e. And And she would get that, and beat it up and put it in a cloth, and tie it on the wrist. Q: My goodness, did it work? A: (Ms.G) Yes, it sure did. It helped. a sore throat she made onion poultice. she do? And then she made . . . . for And, let's see now, what else did She took wheat bran, I forget what else she put with it. remember how they fixed that for something? Do you What was that for? (Mr.G) I don't know. (Ms.G) I remember she she used to take wheat bran and make some kind of cure. She did all kinds of things like that. �AOHP #66 Page 14 We ' s never ever took to a doctor, or sent for a doctor or anything. Anytime, except when the flu WcvS around so bad, in 1918. That was the only we ever had a doctor at my house that I remember. Q: Who was your doctor? A: (Ms.G) Uh, yes, Stanford did freeze his feet one time in the winter- time. They come big old holes in his heels, ya know. in there. Big old holes, back And, old Dr. J. B. Hagaman lived at Todd at that time. he come on horseback. And we'd send for him and he'd come over nearly every night. . . ride his horse over there to Meat Camp. doctored Stanford's feet. when we had the flu. And And then Dr. Bingham come. He come and Dr. Bob Bingham, And Bessie had pneumonia when we had the flu. Dr. Jones, J. W. Jones, I believe. And He was at Boone, and he come to see her a time or two when she had pneumonia. (Mr.G) And they all traveled on horseback then. (Ms.G) Yeah, they had to ride horse back that far. make all kinds of tea/ in the wintertime. whether we's sick or not. And Momma would She made us drink it all along She'd made boneset tea, and oh how bitter it was. And when we had whooping cough she made chestnut leaf tea and I've drunk quarts and quarts of that. Shti. made peneroil tea out of this big red. . . .no, that's horseleaf that has big red top, but they was a kind of stuff called peneroil, wasn't they? (Mr.G) Uhmm - uh. (Ms.G) She gathered that and dried it to make tea out of. she made tea out of that. And catnip, All kinds of different things. Q: Well what was all that for? A: (Mr.G) Spicewood, sassafras (Ms.G) Well now they said the spice wood was to thin your blood. How they knew that it was too thick, I don't know that. But they'd make us drink it and I guess it didn't hurt us. (Mr.G) They give you spicewood tea to break you out with the measles. �AOHP #66 Page 15 And they used a lot of these hot teas, now, for measles. they had to do for measles, back then, ya know. tea to get you broke out. Just use some of the hot They used spicewood tea for measles and they used the boneset tea for measles, too. things. That was all And it was good for coughs and different And they used polecat oil and groundhog oil for croupe. Just think of them terrible, horrible things you had to take back then. And Momma would get (Mr.G) How'd you like to be greased with polecat oil? Q: I don't think I'd like that at all. A: (Ms.G) If you take the croupe, or a real deep cold, ya know, ooh, that stinking stuff, they'd grease your chest with that, and take a real flannel cloth, ya know. They'd heat it, ya know, and put that thing on your chest right here, ya know. It'd break up pneumonia. (Mr.G) People'd take a fit now if they had to be greased with it, wouldn't they? (Ms.G) I heard Ern Brown one time, tell about breaking up pneumonia with those things. (Ms.G). . . . she'd get a great big bottle, it'd hold about a quart I guess. And she would put sulfur in that, and fill it full of water, and she'd shake that up, and make us drink that for something. terrible. Ooh, it was And then she would get horseradish roots and cut that up and put it in water, and make us drink the liquid off of that. Something to keep us from being sick, I don't know. Q: Did it keep you pretty healthy? A: (Ms.G) Yeah, we's never sick much. (Mr.G) Yeah, they's never sick. Healthiest set of Joneses I ever seen. Q: I guess they musta' worked, then. A: (Ms.G) You know, them old remedies was good. an awful bad sore throat, I'se nearly grown. I can remember having And she put that onion poultice on my throat, I couldn't hardly talk and it cured me. ... �AOHP #66 Page 16 Oh, that old soggy-wet, nasty thing on my throat, it felt terrible. them onions, shooool And these old hen-an-chickens, ya know, like grows out in the yard, hens an things, ya know. them or not. And I'll show them to ya. I don't know if you've ever seen But they would get that, and would get a cloth and beat 'em up, and then they'd squeeze that out in a spoon, and put a drop or two of that in your ears for earache. cure the earache. And that'd sure See, all this stuff grew for a purpose. Back then people knew what it was for and they used it for things like that. (Mr.G) Nobody knows what it's fer anymore. All folks knows now is when a youngun gets sick, take it to the doctor. (Ms.G) Now, what was that sassafras tea for? That was just as red. It made the purtiest little tea you've ever looked at. Now we buy our tea at the store. Q: I guess everybody does. What does sassafras tea taste like? A; (Ms.G) I don't know hardly how to tell ya. (Mr.G) You've eat sassafras candy, hadn't you? Well it tastes a bit like that. (Ms.G) It was good-tasting. wood tea wasn't too bad, either. No, it wadn't a bad taste. This spice- But they'd make it for supper and drink it at the table for supper of the nights. (Mr.G) Ole boneset was the worst tea that 'uz ever made. (Ms.G) Oh, it was bitter. (Mr.G) I've a mind itis. That must be what quinine's made out of. I know it tastes a lot like quinine. (Ms.G) But that's the way they doctored back then. Never bought no medicines Q: Well, they were making do with what they had? A: (Ms.G) And there was only one phone in the community as I know of. That was Mr. Dan COok and Miss Bertha. They had a phone, back then. of these old-timey wall kinds, up on the wall. a doctor always had to go there and call. One Anybody wanted to send for �AOHP #66 (Mr.G) Page 17 Andrew Cole used to run a store down there below where Tabernacle was. (Ms.G) Did he have a phone? (Mr.G) No, he didn't have no phone. (Ms.G) Well, I'se talking about the phone. that had a phone. Mr. Cook's the only one Now us a-livin1 plum over on Meat Camp, if we wanted a doctor that was the only way. . . than walking all the way to Boone. course that was quicker But we had to walk plumb out here and back, and Mr. Cook's was a pretty long way. Greene's and Mr. Walter's that goes up to Henry Miller and Etta used to live? lived a way on up in a holler. Ya know that road at John the left there? You know where Well, it 'uz up that road. Now we Turn out into another road, right there you, the road, you went a way on up in the holler, about a mile, . . . (Mr.G) Yeah, a mile, I guess. (Ms.G) From up in there, that was a long ways to walk. Q: Can either of you remember anything about any outlaws or badmen around here? A: (Mr.G) Ah, they wasn't many of them. boys that was out through here. I've heard about them Allen Shot up the court that time. (Ms.G) I've heard older people than I am talk about the Allen boys that up the court. (Mr.G) I've heard it said that old man Ed Miller brought 'em through this country, Q: helping 'em get away. I don't believe I've heard anything about that. Do you know what year that was? A: (Mr.G) Uh-uh, I don't know. (Ms.G) No, see we just heard talk of that and didn't ask about the year. �AOHP #66 Q: Page 18 Can you remember any folktales that you heard your parents or grandparents tell? Or legends? A: (Ms.G) I don't know. I can't remember none. Q: What about things like planting in a certain sign? Do you believe in that? A: (Mr.G) Old people, all of 'em used that. (Ms.G) Kinda go bit it yet, some. (Mr.G) I believe in it myself, but I didn't plant in them signs. .. . I agree that the moon has a whole lot to do with it. need to talk to Raleigh Williams. You He'd give ya something on this sign business. Q: Can y'all remember much about the Depression? Did it affect you much? A: (Mr.G) Well, about all it was about that Depression was just big men and all got their money outa the banks and let 'em go broke and nobody could get no money to do nothing with and there wadn't nothing to do. And stuff got so cheap ya could just buy a whole lot of stuff for nothing, about it. (Ms.G) But you couldn't get that little bit of money that it took to buy it with as cheap as it was. You just couldn't get that money. (Mr.G) You couldn't pay a debt. Q: Prices were real low then, but you just couldn't get the money? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, back then you could buy a pair of overalls for seventy- five cents. (Ms.G) Now you spend five. (Mr.G) Six. Q: Where were you living at the start of the Drpression? A: (Ms.G) We lived at P rkinsville, didn't we? (Mr.G) Yeah. Q: Were you living on a farm? �AOHP #66 Page 19 A: (Mr.G) Un-uh. Rented farm. Q: Did you raise everything you needed? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, raised plenty of grain, stuff like that. And managed to get hold of enough money to buy what we had to outa' the store. But we didn't have much. (Ms.G) We didn't raise wheat, and make out own flour. We had to buy flour. (Mr.G) Yes, we did raise some wheat when I lived at Perkinses, Raised wheat 'n rye. Buckwheat. (Ms.G) Yeah, but we didn't make all our bread out of it. I remember us buying some flour. with that Truck, you 'Cause Don't you remember when you hauled off bought some flour? But he could get a hundred pounds for a dollar seventy-five, wasn't it? (Mr.G) Yeah, a hundred pounds of flour fer a dollar and seventy-five cents. (Ms.G) And now, ten pounds cost almost that. Not quite that much, but it costs a dollar thirty-five, I think for just ten pounds. And he'd get a hundred pounds of flour for a dollar seventy-five. Q: How old were your children during the Depression? A: (Mr.G) We just had one. (Ms.G) G. L. was born in '28. Q: How did the Depression change working conditions and getting a job? Was it hard to find a job? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, I'd say it was. Wadn't no jobs to get much. (Ms.G) Well, everybody just farmed, you know. Just weren't any jobs much to get. (Mr.G) And it hurt the people that Depression year hurt the people like Cleveland and places like that hurt worse than it did around here. Cause the people there ya know had jobs. jobs. And it got hard for them to get �AOHP #66 Page 20 (Ms.G) And we've heard a little talk about in Detroit, Michigan, having an effect on the people up there. and had nothing much to live on. got out can And I heard one man say that this man and sold, uh, can something what was it? They got out of work, ya know, what was it? Can openers or You heard him tell it. (Mr.G) I don't know if I did. I forgot about it. (Ms.G) Seem^like it was just can-openers. Just any little thing. He'd get out on the street and try to sell that to make a little money, after he got out of a job, ya know, his work shut do^/n. (Mr.G) Yeah, get anything ya could, and get out and sell it. any way in the world to make a penny. Just Course there wasn't as much stealing and bank-robbing and rogueing a going on today as there is. Q: Did you ever hear of any of the government projects, like WPA & CCC? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, they had some projects like that back then. They didn't amount to much, I don't think. Q: Do you remember when the banks closed? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, they closed when, uh, Roosevelt took office. 'em in the next day or two after he took office. He closed Ordered all banks closed. (Ms.G) I remember hearing Mr. Charlie Hodge say that he acted the quickest of any president we'd ever had. (Mr.G) Then he got 'em a foothold or something some way, and everything began to pick up a little again. a whole lot too. The^he got us in war and that helped And then we've stayed in war ever since. since that day, since war was declared in '40. Still a fightin' some of 'em now. Never been out Never been out of war yet. Over there in Laos, they're fightin1, I reckon some of the Americans is bombing yet. Q: Did the community change very much during the Depression? businesses, and the churches, and the schools? Like the �AOHP #66 A: Page 21 (Mr.G) No, un-uh. (Ms.G) I don't think they's any difference in the schools and the churches. (Mr.G) They've changed a lot more since the Depression than they had before. (Ms.G) Than they did during the Depression, I'd say. Q: Who was hurt worst by the Depression? A: (Ms.G) I don't really know, do you? (Mr.G) Well, I guess the businessman was hurt the worst. they did get all the money Even if . What caused the Depression was everybody drawing their money out of the bank. go broke 'n they started drawing their money out. This fellows was gonna That's what caused it. And then they wouldn't pass no bills or nothing that Hoover wanted to pass so they couldn't do any better. lican president. It was a Democrat congress agin a Repub- They held him down. (MS.G) If a poor man was in debt, he was really hurt. you couldn't get money enough to pay it. Because There just wasn't any money. (Mr.G) Yeah, if a man owed anything A man that didn't owe nothing boys he 'uz in the best shape he'd ever been. Everything 'uz more on equalization then than it's ever been in my lifetime. (Ms.G) But you just could not get any money. Q: Was there anything that was good about the Depression days? A: (Ms.G) Well, I guess there was some. (Mr.G) What 'cha sold brought just as much according as what 'cha had to buy. It don't do it anymore. What 'cha buy is more than what 'cha sell. Now they're fussing about such high prices of beef 'n stuff like that. And now's the only time the farmers have had a chance 'at raise cattle to make a penny 'o money. �AOHP #66 Q: That's right. It's unfair to them. Page 22 I've heard a lot of people say that families were closer during the Depression, and the communities were closer. A: Do you think that's true. (Mr,G) They was. A whole lot closer than they 'air today. (Ms.G) Yeah, that's true. They'd work ten whole hours for a dollar back then and get a dollar a day. buy much with or to pay. They just wouldn't get enough money to Just didn't get much money. Q: What do you like best about the way life is today? A: (Mr.G) Eatin' 'n sleepin'. Q: Well you've been able to do that all along, haven't you? A: (Mr.G) Ah, yeah, I've done more sleepin' before. I can't sleep good no more. Q: Is there any thing you like about what life is like now? A: (Mr.G) Well, we didn't have no electric lights, or no power, or electricity of no kine. to pay. Course now we got plenty of it hooked up and have Nose agin the grindstone to pay our bills. (Ms.G) Well, I know that still we enjoy the lights. (Mr.G) We enjoy the little things we have now. (Ms.G) And now we have a lot more conveniences than we used to have. We have a electric stove, and refrigerator. used to have. We have all that that we didn't That saves a lot of time, and it's nice. (Mr.G) Used to have to do the washin; boil the clothes out in a ole pot and bring 'em up on a rock 'n beat the dirt out of 'em with a stick. Scrub it out with ya fists. Lot more conveniences now. (Ms.G) All the modern conveniences. I like that part about it. I have an automatic washer and that's easier. Now Used to have to scrub 'em by hand. (Mr.G) They's a awful sight o' lazy women, though. Q: Do you think it's because of all the conveniences? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, that's what caused a whole lot of it. �AOHP #66 (Ms.G) That's what he says. Q: Page23 I guess that's the truth. You'd think they'd have more time to visit their neighbors then, wouldn't you? A: (Mr.G) Yeah, but they don't. visit their neighbors. They have to watch TV I reckon, can't Some ole story on TV they want to see. (Ms.G) Well, that's another convenience that we use. Q: What did you do before you had a television? I guess you got to visit your neighbors a lot more then, didn't you? A: (Ms.G) Well, I don't know that we did. (Mr.G) All that time she has now to watch television she had to work than and get her work all done. (Ms.G) It took longer to get "cha work done. And you had to work so much harder you were so tired at night that we always went to bed at nine o'clock. tired. Never stayed up later than that, cause everybody was so You'd go to bed at nine o'clock 'n have to get up "n get a lot done ready to start on a day's work.the next morning. You just didn't have too much time. (Mr.G) You go anywhere to work, you had to be at work seven o'clock. Work till six then of the evenin'. Get in ten hours. (Ms.G) We had to get up earlier then than we do now. And had to work a lot harder. (Mr.G) Boy, I think today, take it all the way around, is a lot better time than it used to be. Q: It sure has changed a lot. A: (Mr.G) Well, I think people's got less care for one another, got twice, three times as little care for one another as they had back then. (Ms.G) Well, seems like we did get our work done more back then in time to visit some durin' the day or through the week or somethin1. anymore we hardly ever go off the place. And �AOHP #66 Page 24 (Mr,G) If I go a-fishin anymore I just have to leave something undone 'n go on. Cause there's always somethin' to do. Back then I'd have plenty o 1 time to go a-fishin' a day out of a week if I wanted to. Course I wadn't trying to work on the job then. I'se working the farm. (Ms.G) Well, if you work at home you can quit anytime you want to and go some place if you want to ro go a-fishin1. ya just don't have the time. But when you work on a job Ya come in late, and its time to milk, and time you eat supper, it's eight o'clock time we eat supper a lot o' nights. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mr. & Mrs. Lee Greene, June 11, 1973 Description An account of the resource Lee Greene was born in Watauga County, North Carolina in 1904 and farmed all his life. Mrs. Greene was born in Meat Camp, North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Greene talk about their education in a one-room schoolhouse. Mr. Greene talks about farming and the changes he has seen in the community, specifically in politics. Mrs. Greene explains how to make soap and homemade remedies. Both recall their methods of transportation as children and the transition of using cars. Mr. and Mrs. Greene also recollect memories of the Great Depression. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clawson, Donna Lee, Mr. and Mrs. Greene Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 24 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape66_Mr&MrsLeeGreene_1973_06_11M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--North Carolina--Watauga County Mountain life--North Carolina--Watauga County--History--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-11 Boone cars Chestnut Grove Great Depression homemade remedies Lee Greene Lenoir Maple Springs Meat Camp Perkinsville Politics railroad Sassafras Tea schoolhouse soap Watauga County N.C. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/74f1927f4e7baa04fde1ffc3c674d110.pdf 2cee9b841fba1c3ba7b9ee2453db9121 PDF Text Text Tape # 46 Outline I. Name and birthplace of parents. II. Parents schooling. III. Occupation. IV. Churches in the area. V. Community A. Formation. B. Change. C. Decision makers. D. Minority groups E. Population. VI. Politics A. Change. VII. Transportation A. Layout of roads and railroads B. Building of railroads. C. First cars. VIII. Mountain crafts and customs. A. Courting. IX. Outlaws X. Legends, folktales, supersitions XI. Depression XII. Shull's Mill XIII. Honorary degree of Kentucky Colonel. �This is an interview with Mr. N.D. Shull for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill Brinkley on March 27, 1973. Q: Could you give me the name and birthplace of your parents? A: Well, my father was born here at Shull's Mill. My mother was born over on Cove Creek. Q: What were their names? A: R. L. was my father's name; Mamie D. Graybeal was my mother's name. Q: Did you have any brothers and sisters? A: None alive. Q: But you did have some? A: Two. Q: What were their names? A: They died when they was small. William, and I forget the other one's name. Q: How much schooling did your parents have? A: I have no idea. Q: What is your occupation? A: Engineer. �3. Q: When you lived in this area, what sorts of churches were here? Have you lived here all your life? A: Well, I was born here and stayed here until I was about 18. Q: What sorts of churches were in this area when you came back, or in the earlier days? A: Well, in the early days the same churches were here except Hebron bought out the Presbyterian Church. The other churches were the same. Q: To which of these churches did most of the people belong? A: Well, they were divided. There was no particular preference. Q: How do you think that they have changed over the years, if any? A: I can't see any change. They still have the same beliefs they had earlier. Q: HOT# did this community get its name? A: Four brothers came over, one of them settled here, had a mill out here on the river, and it was called Shull's Mill. Q: How was it formed in the first place, just because of this mill? that reason? A: That's where it got its name. Q: How do you think the community has changed over the years? For �4. A: It was strictly a rural farming area, and now it's gone into a summer resort area. Q: Who have been the community decision makers? Mainly the Shulls or other people involved also? A: I don't see that there was any one person that was the community decision maker. It was all handled through the individuals that owned the property. They made their own decisions. Q: Are there any minority groups in the community? A: None. Q: Has the population changed greatly in the community? A: Well, since Hound Ears and some of the other resorts being here, of course the population has increased. But if you discount that, the population is about the same as it was when I was growing up. Q: On politics* do you have any memoires of specific elections, local or state? A: When I was growing up, they always had a big fight, and everybody got about half drunk, that's about all I remember. Republicans wouldn't vote a Democrat ticket, or vice versa. Q: How do you think the politics have changed over the years? �5. A: I don't think it's as clean now as it was; it's a dirty bunch of politics, a dirty bunch of politicians. Q: How did the people get around in the community? What sort of transportation did they use? A: Horse, buggy, foot. Q: Where did the roads and the railroads run? A; Well, the railroads ran from Johnson City to Boone, that was Tweetsie. With the exception of this new 105 they built in here a few years ago, the old roads were essentially in the same location, but they weren't hard surface. They were just dirt roads, the first ones, maintained by county labor. Q: When were the railroads built? A: About 1914. Q: Do you remember the first cars in the community? A: Well, my father had about the first car that was right in this community. It was, I believe, a 1914 Ford. That's somewhere around '20 I guess, '18 or '20 when he got it. Q: Do you know very much about the mountain crafts and customs? Soapmaking, curing, weaving, anything like that? A: No. �6. Q: Are there any mountain cures that you are familiar with? A: Well, there's an awful lot of them that people use and talk about, but I'm not familiar with any of them. I believe in a good ol' doctor. Q: How would you compare the courting then and now? Dating back then? A: Well, back then you either walked or rode a horse. You usually stayed at the girl's home, didn't wander around much. Now, I don't do any courting now. Looks to me like they're all over the country. Q: It was more back then, you traveled in groups didn't you? If you went to the girl's house, weren't you more with a group than like now it seems that they're alone so much? A: No, I'd say you were more by yourself back then. Q: I was thinking that maybe a group of them got toether in a horse and buggy, went somewhere, picnicking or something like that? A: Oh, well. When you got together, that's right, on an outing or something, you traveled in groups. When you went courting, you went by yourself. You had no competition or interference. Q: Bedtime was pretty early back then wasn't it? A: They sure was, but getting-up time was a lot earlier. Q: Were there any badmen back in the area during that time? �7. A: Oh, sure. We had a few that were considered a little wild, but I don't imagine they would be considered bad now. Q: No outlaws ? A: Not in this particular section that I know of. Q: Are there any folktales and legends associated with this community, or any superstitions that were maybe passed down from your father or mother? A: There's a lot of tales about how tought living was back then, as far as legends, I don't know . DEPRESSION Q: When did it start as best you can remember? A: Started in the early '30's, maybe '29. Q: How many years did it last? A: Well, I believe you could feel it up until the war started in,the '40's, '41. Course, it wasn't as bad in the latter part of the 30's as it was in the early part. Q: Were you living here at the start of the Depression? A: No. Q: Where were you living then? A: Tennessee. �Q: How many were in your family? A: There was just my mother, my father, and myself. Q: Did anyone else live with you? Any boarders? A: No. Q: What was the effect of the Depression on your family? A: Well, you just didn't have the money t o spend, didn't buy the clothes and food that you normally would. You made do with what you had. Q: How did it effect the working conditions? A: There was no work to be found. Q: Were you working during the Depression? A: No, I was in school when it started. I got out in '32. Q: Did you ever hear of any government projects, WPA, CCC? A: Yes, had WPA here, and CCC camp was not too far from here. It wasn't in Watauga County. Q: What did they do exactly? A: Most of the WPA workers worked on the roads, including the roads, highways; and the CCC Boys were brought in and taught how to survive in the wilderness. They built trails, and I think they grew some timber. �9. Q: When did the welfare program, start? A: Are you still speaking of WPA, CCC. . . ? Q: Yes, something like that. A. Best I recall, it was in the early '30's. Q: Was any of your family affected by those projects? A: No. Q: Was there a scarcity of food? A: Not in this particular section, because as I said before, this was strictly a rural area and all the local families raised their own food. Q: What crops did you raise? A: Oh, outside the gardens which we raised everything we ate, main crops were cabbage and potatoes. Q: Did you have any animals? A: Well, we always kept a cow. I had a pony when I was growing up. dogs, normal animals on a farm. Q: Were prices higher or lower during the Depression.? A: Prices were lower. Cats, �10. Q: Were there any new ways of making money that arose, such as maybe people took up making moonshine, gathering ginseng? A: Well, I don't know if people took it up or not, but that's been going on in this section of the country as far back as I can remember. And it's still going on. Q: Do you remember any of the banks closing? A: I remember when the President closed the banks in order to get them reorganized back then. Q: Do you remember any in this area particularly that closed? A: Well, they were all closed for a few days. Q: What was the community reaction to the banks closing? A: Oh, I guess, it was pretty evenly divided. Some thought it would never open again, and others agreed with the President's idea. Q: What date was it that the banks closed? A: '31, 1931, I'm sure. Q: How was the community affected? Was there any profound effect, or did things stay pretty much the same? A: Things stayed pretty much the same. �11. Q: Was there anyone that you blamed for the collapse of the banks? A: The bank's didn't collapse here. The banks were financially in good shape. And as for other sections of the country, I have no idea, poor management, I guess. Q: Did the schools change during the Depression? A: Yes, they did. We had better buildings, we built some new buildings. Course, I believe we had better schools. Q: How about the churches and businesses, the country stores? A: They was about the same. Q: What do you think caused the Depression? A: Well, looked like the stock market was in pretty bad shape; too many people over bought, caught up with them and from that it snowballed into a very uncomfortable situation. Q: Who was hurt worst by the Depression? A: Small investors. Q: Do you think there was anything particularly good about the Depression days? A: Well, at least during the Depression days a dollar was worth a dollar, and if you wanted somebody to work for you or if you wanted to work for somebody else, you could put out a day's work. All in all, I think our economy �12. was healthier than it is now. Q: How is life different today than from the Depression, such as the family life, education, etc. ? A: Back then, all you had was a newspaper and a radio, and the newspaper got here when the mailman rode his horse. Now, you got television, good automobiles to travel, and naturally you have a little more interest in what is going on. Q: What do you like best about today's way of living? A: Retirement. Q: If you could change anything about the way they are now, what would that be? A: I'm not too fond of these subsidies that the government hands out for not growing some crops. I believe that the old law of supply and demand would help us a lot. Q: What I want to get you to do now is to tell me all about Shull's Mill if you would? The founding. It's effect on the community. The history of it. A: Well, the founding and the effect of the community, I don't know anything about that. My grandfather was the postmaster back in 1879. That's a grant that was given to him. The fact that the railroad came in here, and then Whiting Lumber Co. moved in here, and cut out all the timber on Grandfather. �13. Had a little narrow gauge railroad that went up to Boone's Fork, hauled logs in on that. Plants were just across the river from here. They had quite an operation here. At one time they were here. We had a hospital, summer drug store, a big commissary, theatre, I think it was 500 families. large, or larger than Boone at that particular time. It was Course, after the timber supply was depleted on Grandfather Mountain, they all moved to Butler. Families, of course, migrated out of here. There's very few of them left, in this section now. The older families that were here before the mill, their descendants are here. Q: What was the mill exactly? A: Just a lumber mill. They made lathes, you know wooden lathes, that they used in place of metal lathes. They were strictly a lumber mill. They cut timber in the woods, hauled it in, ran it through the mill. Then they dried it and sized it and shipped it out. Q: Did they ship it all over the United States, or just to North Carolina? A: It was shipped out of here on Tweetsie. After it got to Johnson City, I don't know where it went. Q: What is the Kentucky Colonel over there? I noticed that last time I was in here. A: My wife and I both were appointed Kentucky Colonels a few years ago. �14. Q: What is that exactly? A: It's an honorary appointment that you get from the Governor of Kentucky. Q: What is that for? A: It's just one of those honorary commissions that they give you. Q: You got it from the Governor of Kentucky? How did you manage that? A: Well, it was managed through my sister-in-law. She's the one who had the influence. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with N.D. Shull, March 27, 1973 Description An account of the resource N.D. Shull was born in Shull's Mills, North Carolina and worked as an engineer throughout his life. Mr. Shull and his wife were appointed Kentucky Colonels through the Kentucky governor. Mr. Shull describes his childhood including topics such as church, politics, and transportation, specifically cars and the railroad. Mr. Shull lived in Tennessee with his parents during the Great Depression, and describes what that was like. He also explains the background of Shull's Mill. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brinkley, Bill Shull, N.D. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/27/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 14 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape46_NDShull_1973_03_27M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--History automobiles cars Great Depression Kentucky Colonels Politics railroad religion Shull's Mill transportation https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bcb8e34ed9f141e0226083baba8ab6fe.pdf 9f07fcc91c91623b41fee6c94065b856 PDF Text Text //' /- This is an interview with Mamie Graybeal Shull for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill Brinkley on April 3, 1973. Q: I'll be glad to know anything you can tell me about the area. have you been living in this area? A: I come here in 3-906, and I've been here all that time practically, except ten years. But this has always been home and our home post office and everything. Q: How did the mill get it's lumber? Did it buy the lumber from the people or just go in and cut it off or what? A: The mill? Q: Yes, Shull's Mill, didn't it deal in lumber? A: The first old original part didn't. it? Q: What was it then? A: Yeah, Whiting Lumber Company was in here. They come in here in 15 or .16 or somewhere along there. I don't just remember. But you see, Shull's Mills was here long before that. Q: What vas the reaction of the people toward the lumber mills? A: Well, they seemed to like it, didn't they Dean? of people around here. Q: Was there any bad fedlings about the lumber being cut off? A: Not that I know of. Q: I thought there would be some resentment. A: Not that I know of. Q: During the depression, what was that like? A: Well, we lived in Elizabethon duiing the Depression, down there in that town. It wasn't too bad for a lot of people but for some people it was. People with a business it was kind of hard. Q: Did you grow your own food? A: Not down there. have any land. How long Where Shull's Mill got it's name wasn't Whiting Lumber Company? It brought work to a lot Mr. Whiting you see bought the timber and cut it. What was your family life like? We did here but not down there we didn't, cause we didn't We lived in town. �Q: Did you grow any kinds of crops in the area? A: Here? Well, we had just our garden and a have.-enough land to be what you'd call a farmer. own stuff and we'd sell alittle once in a while. Q: Was there anything you liked about the depression? A: Don't know that I did. Lived on soup. We didn't live on soup, but a lot of people did, they say. I don't know. No, I didn't like it. Q: Since you've lived in the area so long, I bet you know a lot about home remedies for different things. A: I don't know. Yeah, I used to. My mother's mother was sort of a doctor around this country, you know along time ago. That was before I came here. And we didn't have doctors everywhere. There was a doctor in Boone, and Grandma Shall knowed alot about that. I heard her talk alot about it, and law, I don't know. Its been so long since I've used any of them. One home remedy that people might think is foolish now, if you had any kind of infection if you was about to take the blood posion or anything, go out here to some of these red clay banks and get you some red clay mud and put it in a pan and pour cold water on it and stir it up and sort of make a poultice and bind a cloth around it and you could draw that inflamation all out. Q: How does that work? A: I can't tell you, but I've done that and I've seen Grandpa Shull do that. Q: Were there any more that you can think of? A: I can't hardly say right now, that one just came to my mind, because people thought it was so foolish, would now. I was '-thinking the other day I reckon thats why I thought of it today. Now, I used to just tell them. Can you think of any honey? (Son-says touch-me-nots) Oh yeah, touch-me-nots, you know these wild touch-me-nots. That is good for poison ivy. You can take that you know its green, green plants and you can just take it up and rub it in your hands and it would kill the poison ivy just like that. They used to make a medicine out of it. It was made in Knoxville, but they don't make it anymore. I don't know why.. It is called Jewel Weed, That is the right name for it, but we call it touch-me-nots. Q: A: patch was all. We didn't We had enough to grow our > Is there anything for fevers or colds? For pneumonia fever they used to use lard, turpentine, and lamp oil, and onions, work your onions in a pan in some water and put that lard and turpentine stuff in there and cook it all up good together, and take snorts, what we used to get from our^wheat. They took the wheat to the mill and they got shorts. You thicken it all up with that and put it across your chest and bind the cloth around and that was a sure cure for pneumonia. Granny Shull doctored with pofticf "l . i t 1 r S 1 " -fie\> Dr'Mck Bln*ham had them t0 «-ket the �: ._; Shezkept stirring it, cooking it, and mashing it until it made a salve that would nearly cure any kind of sore. And 1*11 tell you another thing that will kill poison ivy. Grandpa Shull used is aid motor oil. Q: Motor oil? A: Now, it will stain your bed, it will just stain everything. Dean used to have it so bad, and pappy said to me one time "If you would take some old motor oil and grease him. Take some old rags and wrap around it because it will stain your bedclothes, and that will cure him*'' Q: I have that pretty bad, maybe, I should try some of these old remedies to get rid of it. I take it easily. A: I'll tell you another thing that will cure it to, and you can do that any time of the year is to make you some real strong balck coffee. Just boll it, don't perk it, just boil it strong and black. Strain the grounds out and let it cool and put epsium salts in it. Then wash it in. Q: Is that right? A: Claude Dean had it one time until his eyes were nearly closed shut. Him and his wife came down to Lhe store and got some epsium salts and it cured it on him. You can have that anytime whether you get the Jewel Weed or not. Dean; Hemlock tea is good, A. Yeah., hemlock tea is good when you have your teeth pulled and have a plate put in. Take the little green parts and put some water on them and steam boil it and let it cool and wash your mouth in that and it will toughen your gums and you can wear your plate, and want have to put anything in there to hold you teeth in with. No povder or nothing. Q: Doggone. Lots of people in my family could have that it they had known about it. They really had trouble with their teeth. A: I know that; water, Q: Their's were about that way. They would take them out and leave them out a few hours and pat them hack in and wear them again. They just really hurt them bad; A: Wash your plate in salt water and that will toughen your gums. Q: Is there something about sassafras tea? A: OK Yes, it is good for spring of the year. If a fellow could get a hold of some this time of the year it would be fine. It thins your blood. You get all sluggish in the winter time because you don't have all these green things to eat and sassafras tea will jsut perk you up right now. The red will but the white don't do no good. Q; w4#/do you mean by red and white? A: There is red sassafras and a white sassafras and you use the bark off of the I*ve had my mouth so sore that I couldn't even hardly d,r,ink, �roots. The roots off the red are red and you dig down in there and the roots are white. You can make it, but it is not as good as the red. But if you dig down and the root are red just peel that bark off and make a tea out of it. Q: Do you know how to make it? A: Make the tea. You just put your bark in an enamel pot and boil it down a while and stream that off and sweeten it and drink it. Q: Any spring tonics that you can think of that were used back then, say sulpher and molasses. Was that a spring tonic? A: Mother used to mix sulpher and molasses and we young ones loved it. Dean: Whiskey and rattlesnake. Q.: Whiskey and what? A: Rattlesnake. Q: Rattles/j^ke? A: uh huh. Q: You mean rattlesnake meat or what? A: Yeah, just pour you some whiskey over rattlesnake and it will cure T.B. Q: You marinate the meat in it, or what? A: I don't know. I reckon you do. know much about it. Dean: Dean knows more about it than I do. I don't This guy up here had heart trouble and died and they revived him with mistletoe tea. A: Oh that was Zeb Brown and he had high, blood. He had high blood until he couldn't even walk across the house without holding to a chair or something. And he drunk mistletoe tea and he lived a long time after that and got so he could do a right smart bit of work and everything. And Merfie Dyer, had high blood, and he drunk mistletoe tea. It helped him. He used to work for the school, Merfie did. Q: Are ther any legends that you are familiar with. Al AbTDUt old Lum and his bears. This is a true story. It was before I come up here but I've heard them talk about it. There was an Aldridge and he was a great bear hunter. He lived up the river. He had a big family. His boy farmed but he didn't do much of anything but hunt bear. On time he was up there and had him a cabin and he kept hearing noises that was a panther. That evening when he was coming home in from his bear hunting. He had killed a bear and had the meat there in his cabin and kept hearing this panther squaling around but didn't think to much of it. That night something woke him up on top of his house just raking and raising cane up there. He laid there and got hold of his hatchet and directly a big old claw came through there and he grabbed that thing by the foot and cut its foot and it was a panther a coming Any old tales or anything? �in thereafter his meat. Another time he was up there hunting and tracked a bear into a den and he crawled in after Mr. Bear and he had him a pine torch and he saw that old bear's eyes. There was two in there and the other one ran out over hime and liked to have killed him. That hole was to little. That is about the only two right now that I can think of. Can you think of anything else, Dean? Dean: Not right now. A: There is lots of them but I can't think of any right now. I've heard people laugh about them. He was the great grandfather of Boss Aldridge. He was their great grandfather. Their daddy's name was Linville. Q: They called him Rolling Bum. A: I don't know remember the have if they I don't know Q: Probably because he was rolling around when that bear ran over the top of him. how you spell it. I've seen it, though. There is a book. I don't name of it. There might be one over there at Boone. They should don't have. They had the story and they called him Rolling Bum. why they called him that, except he was a bear hunter. A;, Might have been, I don't know. Q: Can you remember when the first cars came into this community? A: Yeah, I can remember. Q: What was the reaction to that? A: Most people was afraid of them, and wouldn't ride in them. Q: Scared the horses alot, didn't it? A: Oh, boy, yes, they saw the danger. There wasn't many. Wasn't but one for a long long time. There was just one up the river here. Hub Wagoneer had it. He is dead now. He was a young boy then. My husband thought they were the grandest things that ever had been. He always wanted a good horse to pick up and go. These cars could go faster than a horse and that was fun, Roby thought that was the grandest thing that had ever been so he was crazy to ride in that car. He just wanted to ride in that car so bad. That has been years ago. So one day he went up to Foscoe and Hub brought him back down home in it. Roby come in and said "Come out here. I want to show you something." And it was the car. Was the first time £ had ever seen one. He said Hub come down to take you a ride and I said "not me in that thing," Roby rode back up to Foscoe with him and walked back down, rt iv&. only two miles up to J?oscoe and we walked up there. It wasn't long though, until, I don't remember who had the next car. In other words, it wasn't to long until Whiting's Mill came in here and there was several car. But that is the first car I can ever remember seeing. That must have been about 1912 or something like that. Q: Can you remember your first experience in a car? A: I didn't ride in Hub's car. Pop got one not long after that. A Ford. �A: The first car I can ever remember, right now, was in West Virginia. No that wasn't the first one I'd ever seen. Hub Wagoneer''s was the first one I'd ever seen, Roby went to West Virginia to work and he had two cousins who worked in the mines and one Sunday some man took us up to the mines in his car. That was the first time 1 had ever rode in a car. Q: What was your feeling about that? A: I didn't like it much. The roads were rough and they would just beat you to death and I just didn't enjoy it much. I liked my horse and buggy. I loved horses anyway. I liked my horse and buggy. I'd take Dean when he was just a little bitty thing, so little he couldn't sit up and hitch up that horse to that buggy and go anywhere I wanted to. And I could take him up on my lap and ride a horse anywhere I wanted to. He had on a long dress. He was little. Babies used to wear long dresses, now they don't do that. Q: Were there any major accidents caused by horses and buggys running away on the account of cars? A: Yes, I expect there was, but right now I can't remember any bad ones. They would scare the horses, but the people was usually nice. They would stop their cars. Alot of places in the roads you couldn't pass. The things that scared the horses were these old motorcycles. They would scare them nearly to death. When Mr. Whiting had the mill over here there was this fellow had a motorcycle and he would scare the horses literally to death. He could ride it out to the side of the road anywhere and stop. I don't remember any of them ever having any bad wrecks but the horses would just jump and rare and pitch and go on. Q: You were talking about Mr, Shull wearing the dresses and the way child rearing was back then. How would you compare that with today's way of bringing up children and how has it changed and things like that? A: Well, we live in a different time. Different enviroments and everything. We raised our children the way people raised them and dressed them the way people dressed them. Now they do the same thing so I guess if I was young and a raising my family I would raise them like they do now. Of course, maybe I wouldn't leave them by themselves as much as people do but some of them can't help it. They have to work and get out and do tMngs. Back then mothers didn't work as much as they do now . They were mothers and homemakers. Now its got so that the wife almost has to work, when you think about it. The two things, I guess if I was raising mine now, I'd just raise them like other people do. I'd try to teach them to-jnind a little better than some of them do, but so far as the general raising is concerned it is just a different era and time we live in. Q: Do you think that the mothers place is in the home? A: Personally, yes I do. And I believe that there are alot of mothers who are working had rather be in the home if they could. But they can't. If you just stop and think about it. I think especially if she has children. There is nobody who will take care of your children like mother does. If she is a real mother. Q: Do you think if the mother were in the home now<-a-days that things would be differently concerning the student uprisings and such things as that? Ai I think so, * I really think so. If they could be in the home and raise the �children and take care of them. The children seem to think that their parents don't care for them, because they can''t be with them enough. I don't know whether this causes so much of this or not but it has affect on children. Most of them have babysitters, and the babysitters are all right. I've got something against them, but they don't love the children like the mother does. Q: Alot of them feed them and put them to bed right away. play with them. They don't have time to A; There good to them and see that they are fed and kept dry and warm and everything, but that's still not the mother. To me, I might be wrong. Q: I agree with you. I agree with you one hundred percent, I think that a child can tell the difference between the mother and say another woman. A: Sure they can, yes sir, they certainly can. Q: People say stuff like when the baby is small they are not really aware of their surroundings. A: Don't you tell me that there not, You take a tiny little baby, maybe a month old that knew their mother*s voice from anyone elses. Q: Is that right? A' Yes, I have. But a week or two, well, they don't notice much, If they're normal children and everything by the time their a month old they can tell their mother's voice. You take a little baby who is a month or six weeks old, and its mother doesn't wear glasses, and someone takes it who wears glasses, and it will look at them and squal, Nine times out of ten. Don't feell me they don't know the difference, Q: There is something there just in bodily contact where they can tell the mother, A: Yeah, and anyone else can take them and pick them up and out of their bed or take them off of their mother's lap, sometimes they don't care, but with some, the first thing they will do is cry. When their mother's take them they ffuit and don*t tell me they don't know the difference. Now the little things know. There is something about them that knows. Qi Do you think that healthier babies are breast fed? A: Yeah, I really do. That is if their mother ±s healthy. No some mothers if they have T.B, or something like that their babies are not healthy. If their mothers are he&ltRy their babies are better. Grow better, I think. There is not many of them anymore. Q: How did you discipline your children when they were growing up as compared to^the way it is now? A: If Dean did what I told him not to I paddled him, Thats all I can say, Taught him to mind. Not to sass you and not to talk back to you, and things like that, Q: Crafts, did you ever do any of the weaving? A: No, I've never done any weaving, but I knit and Today, this day and time, they can. Crochet sometimes, and do some �sewing and stuff like that, But I've never been to any of the places where you • make this stuff. I've just never had any chance to go. Q: Did you ever make any soap? A: Oh, yes, Q: How did you go about doing that? A; Well, we burnt wood. We always burnt wood and in the winter time if we could get hold of any hickory wood or maple, Hickory made the best soap. We had an ashthopper. Daddy built an ash hopper. This was when I was a girl, Me and Grandma Shull made soap after I came up here. We would put all those ashes in that hopper and keep it covered up with something to keep rain and snow from comming in on it. When warm weather come we would save all the scrapes from the hogs, all the bones and scraps and everything. We would put water on the ashes in the hopper and when it run out in a little box it was lye. It would eat the hide off your hand, and we would put that in a little iron wash pot and put a fire under it and start it to boiling. Then we put pieces of meat scraps in it and stirred it with a sassafras stick. We stirred and stirred it until the lye eat all that up. It would boil and get thick. We would let it sit there and cool. My mother never did make any that you cut out in squares, Some people did. We had a big barrel! we put it in and that was what we washed clothes with and washed our dishes with. We had other kinds of soap to wash our hands and face with. But, we washed our dishes and clothes with that lye soap. Q: How did-',you make the other kind of soap that you bathed in? A: Daddy got it at the store somewhere. Qj Oh, I thought maybe you made that, A: No, mother never did, I don*t know if she knew how or if it was just to much trouble. We were a big family and we would buy a cake of soap ever once in a while. Q: That lye soap was pretty strong? A: Yeah, after it set for a while;,, after it got old it didn't bother you. But when you first made it, it was strong. See, we rubbed our clothes on a wash board and it would take the hide off your hands. Off the fingers where you rubbed. I*ve had my fingers so sore. Q: How often did you have to make this soap? A: We made it once a year. Just when we killed hogs and had plenty. have meat scraps and that greasy stuff. Q: That one barrel! would last you? A: Oh yes, Made a great big old wash pot full. Sometimes we made two washpots full. Sometimes Daddy would kill hogs on Thanksgiving and then maybe the last of January or the first of February. Daddy would kill another hog, and we would make some more. That's what we done, I don't know what other people done. What we called stores-bought sopp. You had to �Q: I bet you did a lot of canning back then didn't you? A: Not when I was a girl growing up. I didn't know much about canning until I married and come up here to Grandma Shull's, My mother dried everything nearly. She pickled beans and corn and aade kraut. She dried apples and peaches, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, corn and that stuff, Q: She dried corn? A; Yes. Q: How did she do that? A: Well, the way mother did it, you take roasting ears when its not too hard, Pour boiling water on it and let it set just a little bit, then take it out and drain it off and cut it off the cob in whole grains and have your oven not too hot and put them in a long black bread pan. Spread it out and set it in the stove and stir it every once in a while and dry it until it got to where it would rattle. We would put it in jars of some kind and keep it. You would have to soak it overnight and cook it like cooking corn. It was good. Q: You mean after you soak it, it was just like regular corn? A: Yea, just like roasting ears. Q: How did you fix the pumpkin? As Just peel them and cut them around and around. ^Moth^er bad a rack up over the cook stove and she hung the pumpkin up over that cook stove, Q; I've seen my grandmother dry apples. A; I dry apples every year. Q: Do you still dry apples? A: Oh yes, we love them. Q! They make good pies, don't they? A: Oh, yes, good fried pies. And they make good fruit cake. That was all the fruit cake i ever seen or knew anything about until Dean was a great big boy. Q: With dried apples. A: Yes, Did your grandmother make any gingerbread? Q: Not, that I can remember. A: Boy, you're not as old as Dean. Q: She was in her 70's when I was just a small boy. A: Well, I bet she could tell you about this. You make cookies. You make dough just like cookie dough. Its made like biscuit dough but it is made sweet. 1 didn*t dry any last year. I've got some now that I dried last year. He can remember. �10 Its got sugar and stuff in it. You roll it out and cut it out round and bake six or eight layers. You have your dried fruit cooked and mash it all up like you were going to make fried pies and then you put it between those layers of cake and let it set about a day and night and its good. That was our fruit cake. Q: That really sounds good. We had this old wood stove and she cooked some stuff on that like fried chicken and baked some bread. I believe it was the best that I had ever eaten. A: There's nothing like a good wood stove to cook on. 1 like the gas and the electric stove. They are quick and they are clean, but give me a good old wood stove to cook on. Bake cornbread, arid have shucky beans. Did your grandmother ever make any shucky beans? Q: No, whats that? A', Mother dried beans. Q: No. A: WeiV, Dean, he's never had nothing to eat. Q: Don't believe that I have ever had any. A: You take these litt/e short beans. We used to call them cut shorts and cornfield beans and when they are green and have pretty good sized bullets in them. You fix them like you were going to cook them. Sometimes I Break them up and sometimes 1 string them on a string and hang them over the stove and keep them until they are good and dry, Then you put them in a can or something to keep the bugs away from them and cook them with a piece of ham_bone or ham hock. Q: That sounds good. A: You never. Q: No, I guess I am just used to all the food comming out of a tin can. Grandma died when I was in the second grade. So I really don't remember too much of this- stuff, I do remember that cooking on the wood sto^e. Cause that sure was good. It seems like a one side there was a tank for hot water. At In your time. When I was young they had that. Now, my first cook stove didn't have that, but than, Dean can remember when my stove didn't have a water tank on it. We heated water on top of the stove in a kettle. I've got the tea kettle yet. Old iron tea kettle. Then finally, we got an enamel one, it was lighter, and wasn't so heavy to lift. And I cooked on a fire a whole lot. Q: In a fireplace? A: Yes, baked,. -bYead and boiled those shuckey beans oni-the fire. The fireplace had a crane that had three different hooks on it. And they were facing to the side of the fireplace and you could pull it out of the way or put it back on the fire. You hung your pots on that. I didn't ever have one. I just set my pots on the fire. Had to watch over them sometimes because the logs would burn into and your stuff would turn over incthe floor. If you didn't watch. We dry beans yet, Dry green beans, didn't you ever eat any? I've never heard of anything like th&t. �11 Q: We have one of those iruour house. We live in my grandmother's old house. We remodeled the inside and when they did they closed up the fireplace. What was the kitchen then is my bedroom now- They closed up the fireplace and all that old stuff, The crane is still there closed up in that wall. A: You ought to open that up. Q: Guess that we would have to tear the wall apart. A: YQu ought to open it up and have you a fireplace there. Q: We still have one of those old timey iron skillets that has legs on it. It is a great big old;;thing that is as heavy as can be. It's got a great big iron lid that goes on it to. She probably set that in the fireplace. A: No, you let your coals burn and set them out on the hearth on top of the coals, is where you baked your bread. You put your bread in there, and put your lid on and then put a little coals and hot ashes on the top. And that is the way you baked your bread. Q: We still have her old iron skillet over at fohe house. I remember when we were kids getting water out of the well. Having the old well and winding the water out. We didn't have running water when I was real small. Ai We didn't have running water either not until to long. I mean water in the house. We had a well when Whiting was over here with the mill. We had a well, I reckon, when we went to Elizabethan. That was the first time we had water in the house. Wasn't it Dean? Had water down there. Then when we come back here we still had the well for several years. Q: We left our well just like it was. it still. A: Its good for it to draw water out. Q: Weil, I think it is a lot better, than comming out of the tap. A: This old well that we use down here in the front yard. But Grandpa Shull dug one before he was married. That is Dean's grandpa. We had to have it cleaned out ever once in a while. Qj I can remember that. They had a great big wench with two men on each side and they would let them down in there and they would come out with .all kinds of toys and stuff that my sister and I had threw in there A: This well went dry and we finally brought a pump in the kitchen. put some pipe down in there. Q: Is that bird not common in this area? Dean: A: So we could go out there and wind some out of A hand pump, and Kind of rare. But they're awful "wild, They very seldom come this near to the house to feed. But in the summer you can hear them around hollaring, In the grandfather there are lots of them. We call them Joe Winks, Maybe you know them? �12 Q: No, I don't believe that I have heard that name. A: Well, thats what we used to call them a long time ago. Joe Wink. But they call them toe hoes now. They make a kind of noise like they are singing To hink, to hink, to hink. Q: Are there any animals that are extinct almost now. of hunting. A: No. I guess they are animals there is not as many. People the river. There is not many Their hides are a big price. Q: Did your husband ever sell any of his hides? A: Oh yes, that is the way he got money in the winter time. Grandpa Shull had two sugar orchards. One was right up there. Some of the old trees are still there yet, one is out yonder where the golf course is at Hound Ears. Me and Roby tended that one and Grandma and Grandpa tended this one here. We made maple sugar and syrup and sold it in the spring. That is the way we bought our sugar, coffee, clothes, and stuff like that. We would take Dean down there and put him in a box. They had a big furnace built along and a boiler like they make molasses in. You have seen them make molasses. Q: I've seen the thing they were made in. A: They had that kind of thing. Roby would work and get a lot of wood piled up and had a shed built over it.- I would"set Dean's box right over in there where the wind wouldn't hit him, and keep him down there all day. We would take our rations with us and stay down there and boil our sugar water. We had to carry it when it was snowy and bad. Grandma Shull would keep Dean while we was carrying in the water. Then we would come back and help carry in their water. We sold our stuff in Blowing P.ock. There wasn't any sell for it right around here. Anybody who came in and wanted a hunk of sugar or a pot of maple syrup or something we just gave it to them. We sold it at Blowing Rod: and got a dollar a gallon for our syrup. Made a many of a gallon of syrup for a dollar and took it up there. That was a big price then. 0: Did you have any brothers and sisters? A; Nine. Q: Nine. A: I don't know whether I can remember their ages or not. Dean: A: Any of them gone because all through here like there was then, or course, fox and coon hunt, and catch some in traps along mink around here. They have been caught out. Thirty-five dollars for a big mink. How many were in your family? Do you remember their names and ages? Well, close to it. I could look. I doesn't matter. Well, I was the oldest. T" was born in '89. Then my sister Lucy She was three years younger than me. Austin was the next. Then Roger, Fred, claude, Frank, Ruby. I am the oldest and there two between most of us, three years between some. I could go get my was next. Grace, years book �13 and tell you just exactly. That sort of gives you an idea of how many of them there was. We are all alive but two. I have got two brothers dead. Q: Did you all go to school. A: Well,they all got a better education than I did. I was the oldest and I didn't like to go to school. I got married about the time that I got grown. I guess I got about an eigth grade education. The rest of them finished high school and most of them college. Three of them Fred, Grace, and Austin were teachers. Grace taught in college for years and Austin taught in High School in Johnson City a while and then he taught ar that College down there in Johnson City. Dean: A: Dean: The University of Tennesse Yeah, then Fred my other brother taught at Washington College until he retired, about four years ago. Two of my sisters are trained nurses. They both finished high school and they are trained nurses. Registered nurses. A: Yes, registered nurses. Then my sister next to me finished High School and went to business college and she is a bookeeper. She doesn't wonk now. She is about 80. She lives by herself and does her own work and everything. Then I had another brother he finished high school and went to work for Free Service Tire Company in Johnson City and worked there for fifty years. Last fall was fifty years when he retired. He was 70. He went to Carson Newman College. He had been there fifty years when he retired. Q: That is a long time. A: When I went to school? Q: Yeah. A: They were good schools I guess for the time. But they weren't nothing like they are now. You just had one room and one teacher. The first school I ever went to had two teachers. Over in Ashe County at Sutherland. That is where I first went to school. Then I went to school down at Beaver Creek where they just had one teacher most of the time. Professor Franklin, and of course he was a good teacher and we had to mind him. That was one thing we had to do. But they are different to what they are now. They didn't grade.:them like they do now. Thejr weren't as good as they have now. There wasn't so many people, Vie didn't have any cafeterias to eat at. We took our own lunch. They had a bi^g old water bucket setting in the corner with a dipper and we all drunk out of the same bucket and stuff like that, it didn't kill us. Played ball and stuff like that when recess and dinner time come. Q: I can remember hearing my mother talk about peanut butter and homemade biscuits and putting it into little buckets and taking it to school with her and eating it for lunch. She said that some of the rich kids brought the sandwhichas maHe our of bought bread would trade their sandwhichss for her peanut butter and biscuits. That was something to them and the sandwhiches were something to her. How were the schools back then. What were they like? �14 A: Of course. My mother never did bake bread much, but grandmother baked light bread. Baked it on the fire in that great big skillet I was tilling you about on the hearth. Put two loaves in there and raise them up. Mother didn't bake light bread so we took biscuits to school. We were always glad when they killed hogs because we would get one biscuit with a piece of sausage on it. Q: That was a treat? A: 6h yes, that was a treat. We usually had butter and applebutter. Daddy always managed to keep us a couple of cows. Had to because there were so many of us. We had to have milk and butter. Q: With nine, I would expect so. A: We had apple butter and jelly and stuff like that in our biscuits mostly. Some of the children would bring cornbread to school. We didn't have biscuits for breakfast every moring but mother almost always tried to keep biscuits for us to take to school, but we had cornbread sometimes for breakfast. We had our own corn and had our meal ground but our flour we had to buy. Because daddy didn't have enough land to raise wheat. We had to be saving with our flour. Q: How were the books back then? A: Books? Q: In the schools. A: Blue back speller. Dean didn't use it but I have got one. Dean had a little spelling book like they all had. They had the primer and then the first reader, and the second reader and all. Then, I've got all of them until he went on and finished college. I've got all of his college books. Q: Where are you keeping these? A: Yes. Q: Was there something called Stone Algebra? A: Dean, do you know anything about it? A: Now we had algebra. That was another thing I could never do no good at. But I don't remember the name of it. How old is your mother? Q: She is fifty-four. A: No, she's not as old as Dean. anything about that. Q: Did the teacher take sections in the one room? A: She had all the little ones setting up in the front. They had big long benches when I first went to school. We didn't have desks then, until I was a pretty good sized girl. The little ones would set up front because they would talk and What were they like? Have you got them stored somewhere? That is something they had later. I don't know �15 he would have to get after them. Thei,-second reader was next then on back. The bigger ones were in the back. Professor Franklin could tell which one was whispering and he would be standing up ther in the front. The blackboards were painted on the walls. I don't know whether you heard anything about it or not, but you know that school house that burned down. Shull's Mills school house that burnt over there at the Horn and the West Grounds. It was from over here. Bernard Dougherty got it and took it over there and it had one whole side of the wall painted black. That's when Dean first went to school in it. They had this thing along there that held your chalk and erasers, and T-slant. You would lay your stuff down in there. We had slates. All the children didn't have slates, but we could all go to the board and do things. He could be up there putting a writing up there on the board for us to copy off and some body in the back a whispering and he would turn around there as quick as lightening and tell them who it was and call them up there and punish them. A; Old Sutherland in Ashe County was the first school 1 ever went to. know where that is at? Do ypu Q: No. I know where Ashe County is. exactly. A: There post office is Creston. They are R.F.D. It is way back over there in the mountains close to Potter Town. You've heard of Potter Town. It is not too far from there. Q: The students didn't have pencils and paper? A: No, not when I first went to school. I've heard of Sutherland but I don't know They just wrote on slate? You didn't have any pencils or paper We had our slate and our slate pencil. We carried it home of the night. We put our salte pencil in a book or in our coat pocket. It was usually about that long and you would eventually break them. Q: What was a slate pencil like? 4: A piece of slate. Q: It was a piece of slate? A: It was about the size of that thing you have in your hand. It was sharp at one end. Some of them with chalk on their saltes, but that ruined the slate. It got it so it wouldn't write. Daddy wouldn't let us write on them with chalk. Whatever daddy said we must not do we didn't do. Later, when I went to school at Beaver Creek we had tablets and pencils. But even over at Silverstone I know I did. Q: There wasn't much emphasis placed on education back then, was there? A: There wasn't much, not like there is now. Q: Especially in girls, A: Our school was always out before Christmas when I was a child. I guess we had about four months of school and that was it. Our school was out before Christmas. �16 The week before Christmas we had our spelling bee and our school was out and then we were free until the next time school came around. Q: Do you mean that was the end of the school year? A: Yes, unless they had a summer subscription school. Daddy always managed to send the children to taht. That was when I was little. That was the end of the school year. Then they got up to six months of school and that is the most that I ever went. We would go a little while after Christinas. Now, they have the nine month. I think it was just six months when Dean first started to school. See Dean i,? 65 years old. When he first started to school it was just six months. They would get up what they called a subscription school and they would pay a dollar a month for a pupil. Say somebody had three children to send, they would pay three dollars a month. They would hire a teacher and this teacher would stay around among the pupils. She would stay one night one place and the next night another place. That way the people boarded her and what they paid in for teaching was her salary. She usually taught two months. That was when I was little. When we lived on Cove Creek. Q: A dollar per pupol was alot back then. A: When you had two or three children to send it was hard to get that three dollars a month. There was very few who could ever let very many go. They would let their oldest ones go. Daddy always managed for me to go and after Lucy got pretty good-sized he managed for her to go. Q: Did the older one come back and teach the younger ones what they had learned in school? A: Yeah, we sit down and made them learn their ABC's and learned themlto read and write before they ever went to school. Q: My mother was the baby of the family and she skipped two grades. They would come back and teach her what they learned at school. In the first grade she knew all of her ABC's. She could read and tell time. The teacher moved her up a few grades. A: I was the oldest and I can remember teaching the other children what I had learned in my books. They were just tickled to death when I came in of the evening with my books to learn them what I had. Dean knew his ABC's and could read and write lots of words when he started to school. Q: Alot of emphasis back then was placed on the children learning the way of the home life. Cooking, sewing, and things like that. The boys learned farming. A: Whatever daddy done, thats waht they done. Q: What was the reaction by the^parents when the school was increased to six months a year? A: Most of them liked it when the school was changed to six months. like the children were out to much without enough to do. Q: I was thinking that some wantedathe kids ther at home to help. A: Lots of times the older children would miss a day or half a day. Wasn't it? They felt I missed alot. �17 I guess that is why I didn't like to go because I had to stay home and help wash and iron. It is hard on the children like that. Hard on the parents, to. In the fall it was time to gather in the crops and apples and stuff. Some would keep children at hame all day to help do that. Maybe two days out of a week they would have to miss. It was hard on the children to keep up. Some of them didn't have to miss at all. They had older brothers and sisters that could stay at home and do the work. The younger ones didn't miss at all. It was the older ones that it was hard on. Q: Emphasis was placed on church going, wasn't it? back then. A: Everybody went to church. Q: What were the churches like back then? A: They were sort of old fashioned like everything else was. smart like country churches are today. Q: Were they old fashioned hell fire and brimstone preachers? A: Yeas most of them was. Q: What were the church activities? A: Go to Sunday School and they had preaching once a month on Saturday and Sunday. That was it. Q: Did you have any church socials or picnics? A: Not when I was young. Q: Do you think the churches have changed a great deal over the years? A: Yes, they have changed alot. people and the times. Q: Do you think that the beliefs have become a little bit lax over the years? They are not quiet as strict as they used to be. A: There is more denominations now through this country. Used to be just Methodists and Baptists when I was a little girl growing up. You never heard tell of anything exceot Methodius and Baptists. You were either one or the other. There was usually one of each church,in a community. They all got along. They didn't disagree. You were just a Methodist or a Baptist. Now, there are so many different kinds of Methodists and Baptists, presbyterians, the holiness folks, and all that stuff until it is just dirrerent. Q: So many of them are church splits. One group goes off to be their own church and they build a church over here and one forms out of that to. A: I don't know how it was in other communities but when I was just a girl growing up you never heard tell of anything like that in the community. There was one Baptist Church and one Methodist church and that was it. Q: To which did most of the people belong? Good preachers. Religion was really a big thing They were a right Most of them were older men. Just like the people. They change with the �18 A: I believe the Baptist in our community. Some of the Methodist churches had more members and some of the Baptist churches had more members. Q: Preachers back then were God called, weren"'t they? A: They were different. Not many of the preachers had a college degree back when I was growing up. Q: Just high school degrees? A: They were good men and good teachers. They preached the bible more than they do now. They just got up there and read their bible and preached about it. They talked about all that was going on in the world and everything. You were SHved or you wasn't. You were going to heaven or to hell and that was. about all there was to it. They just preached that and that was it. Everybody was happy. The best I can remember that was the way it was. Q: The preacher was a very respected man in the community, wasn't he? A: Oh yes. Q: Had a lot of influence with the people. A: Yes. Q: I guess that was what held the churches together. A: I was. They respected the preacher and they respected each other. The church was something sacred to them. That is about the best way that I can explain it to you. Q: There were a lot of old customs that were held to back then, wasn't there? A: I guess so, but I don't remember much about them. Q: A lot of tradition. A: Yeah. Q: Can you think of anything else that I have left out? A: No, I can't. A: That store house down there used to be turned around with the front of it down toward that other road because this road wasn't through here then. The first post office was in that building. Shull's Mills post office. I've got old tintype pictures made of that building. The front of that store house and people standing in frcont of it. Dean has got the first post office certificate in a frame. See when they built this road through here and this high bridge they moved the store house down that way. Dean had it turned with the front down that way. Then he rebuilt it and fixed it all over. Dean's daddy said he could remember when Granpa built it. Roby would be 90 years old. The man who moved it said it was the best old house he had moved since he had been moving houses. Q: It is well over a hundred years, isn't it? A: It is put together with pegs. Some not even that. Things being past down through the family. I think I've covered everything all over the county. �19 Q: Dean: A: That goes a way back, sure enough. It is .tall hand hued. Those shelves in there were already there when Grandpa Shull had the store there. Then Dean's daddy had a store there for a while. Now Dean has got a store in it. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mamie Breybeal Shull, April 3, 1973 Description An account of the resource Mamie Graybeal Shull was born in 1889 and has lived around Boone, North Carolina since 1906. Ms. Shull begins her interview talking about Shull's Mill. She then talks about home remedies and other traditions like the legends, myths, and food. Ms. Shull explains her experiences with cars and the reaction of the community when they were first introduced. She recollects memories in the schoolhouse including school lunches, text books, and the layout. To finish her interview, Ms. Shull explains what church was like as a child. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brinkley, Bill Shull, Mamie Graybeal Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/3/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 19 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape54_MamieGreybealShull_1973_04_03M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Mountain life--North Carolina--Watauga County--History--20th century--Anecdotes Boone cars legends myths Shull's Mill traditional food https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d713f48a0ceb3e67ffbf6bf8647e69b8.pdf edf5aa2f9958aba2773ca1f9fdf92927 PDF Text Text �M^I^O J^ y^vt? 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A-^^-rxtX' �y �9.3 9, __ -^^T^t^^^^^t^ /H^t<i—>->-z^<^<j , t^l^&—is-*-- / �1 CW4-/ ^+^r~<l^As^i<? ^?-*-a-Tj^^ -IT* ' tr-l^4^r~l*l^\'T^' ^ -/^^^^f ��USEFUL INFORMATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 i 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 MULTIPLICATION TABLE 12 9 10 11 3 4 5 6| 7 8 6 8 10 12 | 14 16 18 20 22 24 9 12 15 18|21 24 | 27 30 33 36 12 16 20 24 28 32 3o 40 44 48 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 1 66 72 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 27 ?,6 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 | 100 110 120 33 44 55 66 77 I 88 99 110 121 132 36 48 i 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 Apothecaries' Weight Table Showing value of Foreign Money in Dollars, 20 grains make 1 scruple Cents and Mills 3 scruples ' 1 dram The Pound Sterling of Eng- 8 drams " 1 ounce land, Ireland and Scotland, 12 ounces " 1 pound $4.86 65. 12d.-is.;20s.-*£. The value Long {Measure of Id is2cts.; Is. is 24)4. The Franc of France, Bel-12 inches make 1 foot I yard gium and Switzerland, 3 feet 6 feet fathom .19 8 cts. pole or rod TheReichsmark(Royalmark) 5% yards ' furlong :, of the German Empire, 40 poles 8 furlongs " mile .23 8 cts. degree The Crown of Osnmark,Nor- (f)Y& miles ' mile way and Sweden, .26 8 cts. 320 rods mile The Lira of Italy and the 5,280 feet ' Peseta of Spain. .19 3 cts. The Florin of Austria, .41 3. Square Measure The Florin of Holland, .402. l'-4 sq in. make 1 sq. foot The Piaster of Turkey, .04 4. 9sq. ft. " 1 sq. yard The Dollar of Mexico, .909. 30X sq yds. " 1 sq. rod The Rouble of Russia, .66 9. 40 sq. rods " 1 rood The Milreis of Brazil, .545. 4 roods " 1 acre The Peso of Cuba, .92 5. 640 acres " 1 sq. mile The Dollar of Canada, 1.000. *NOTE—£. stands for Pounds Solid or Cubic Measure Sterling; s, for Shillings; d. for 1728cu i n . m a k e l cu. foot Fence. Avoirdupois Weight 27 cu. ft. " 1 cu. yard 128cu. ft. " 1 cd.-wood 2414: cu. ft. " 1 pch. stone 16 drams (dr.) make 1 oz. NOTK—A wood is 16 oz. " 1 R). 8 feet long,cord ofwidn and a4 pile 4 feet feet 100 ibs. " 1 cwt. high; therefore, 8x4x4- -128 feet. 20 cwt. " 1 ton A perch of stone or brick i* lt»K ft. long; i K f t . wide and 1 it high. Troy Weight Dry Measure 24 grains (gr.) make 1 pwt. 2 pints make 20 pennyworth " 1 ounce. 8 quarts " 12 ounces •" 1 D>. 4 pecks " • j, 1 quart 1 peck 1 bushel- Average Velocity of Various Bodies Miles per Hr. A man walks 3 A horsa trots 7 A horse runs 20 A steamboat runs 18 A sailing vessel runs 10 A rifle ball moves 1000 Light moves 192,000 miles per second. Electricity moves 288,000 miles per second. George Washington died the last hour of the dai , the lust day of the wet-k, 01 the last month of the year, of the !ar>t year of the last century , UfKUld Measure 4 gills make 1 pint 2 pints 1 quart 4 4uarts " 1 gallon 31 '4 gallons " 1 barrel 2 barrels " I hogshead f Measure 24 sheets maKe 1 quire 20 quires I ream 2 reams " I bundle 10 bundles " 1 bale Miscellaneous Things 12 u n i t s make 12 dozen " 12 gross " 20 units " 1 dozen 1 gross 1 great gross 1 score Bible Arithmetic Ezekial's reed was nearly 11 feet; a cubit was nearly 22 inches; a hand's breadth is equal to 3£i inches; a finger's breadth is equal to a little less than 1 inch; a shekel of silver was about 65c.; a shekel of gold was $10; a talent of silver was $2.000; a talent of gold was nearly $30,000; a piece jf silver, or a penny, was 17c; a farthing was equal to .Olc ; a mite was less than T f a r t h i n g ; a gerah was .03c. an ephah, or both, contained 4 gallons and 5 pints; a hin was 3 quarts and 3 pints; an omer was 6 pints; a cab was 5 pints. � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/908f3884bda5162f05badbec3b976572.pdf e7edfaaa67336c170f6d25a39d472828 PDF Text Text �������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 13 [April 1, 1914 - June 30, 1914] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1914 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 33.6 MB 51 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_013_1914_0401_1914_0630 Description An account of the resource Diary entries range from April 1, 1914 through June 30, 1914. These entries are quite often about the weather on that specific day, and the work that can be done. Greene also frequently writes about the church, the sermons, pastors, bible studies, attendance, and Sunday school. People and places mentioned in these entries include Joel Greene, J.R. Wilson, George Madran, Roan Creek Valley, Stone Mountain and Beaver Dam. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Teachers--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s Archie Warren Beaver Dam Brother Trivett cars Carter County church corn country store court David Laurence drought drummers Elizabethton farming garden George Madran Hubbard Swift Hunting J.F. Eggers J.R. Wilson Joe Greene Mabel mattock mill Neva road reports Roan Creek Valley shelling corn Singing Stone Mountain Sunday School T.A. Eggers taxes The Great Singing Thomas Greer warrant Will Norris