1 50 5 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/e71c3962b6026b4437e3f85535e7e0d4.pdf 3ecd91321be125e1d7751174fe430a23 PDF Text Text OUTLINE-Phil Templeton - Nov. 12, 1975 I. History of business A. II. Recession A. III. 1967 - Becoming popular w/Fla. people (area). 1. Saw demand so started business 2. Been growing steadily since 1967 Affected all real estate businesses 1. Reason - People no longer can spare money for investments Discussion of business A. What type of people real estate in Boone is for 1. Offices in business for 5-10 yrs. for investors looking for property 2. University had increase since '63 a. Students b. Parents c. Faculty & staff SHORT INTERRUPTION BY TELEPHONE CALL 3. We are in diversified markets (moble homes, apts., buying land) B. How to acquire land 1. You know what land is available 2. Through real estate board meeting 3. A business describes what they want & we go find it C. Why do people come to mountains to build 1. Beauty of mtns. D. People bringing w/them what they are trying to leave. Is development changing mtns.? 1. Some people more to Boone & then want development stopped but a selfish approa~ 2. Economic side a. Farmer who can't make decent living 3. County zoning good but shouldn't go too far a. City zoning ordinance b. No county zoning yet 4. Farming here never been lucrative 5. Ecologists inconsiderate 6. To tell a guy he can't grade a mtn. top is one thing �2 E. Good things brought about by development 1 . Roads improved 2. Other economic improvements 3. Created income , jobs 4. Given people a reason to stop in Boone a . Motels improved 5. When you stop development , stop growth a . To those who have steady income , don ' t care if Boone doesn ' t grow b . People narrow-minded in their fixed positions F. Will mountains lose cultural heritage 1 . T. V. makes people aware of outside world 2 . Culture & mtn . life as once known will soon be gone G. Can there be progress & save culture 1. Don ' t know of any way a . Would be good to preserve heritage & upgrade standing at same time H. What would you like to see happen in area 1 . As real estate man a . Boom & growth (orderly growth) I. What do you predict will happen? 1 . Boone's growth will level off in 1980 a . No money to invest b . University growth will level off c . No influx of industry d . Not enough people to man industry 2 . No boom for yrs . to come a. We are gearing down now. J • . Personal comments 1. Have enjoyed living in area but desirability depends on ability to make an income �This is Janice Young and Jane Efird on November the 12th , 1975. We're working for the Appalachian Oral History Project at Appalachian State University. Today we are speaking with Mr. Phil Templeton who is at Carolina Realty. And we · re speaking to him at his office on Blowing Rock Road, in Boone. Q: O. K., Will you give us a brief history of your business? A: 0. K. The , our business was organized in April of 1967, uh, primarily due to the fact that the area at that time was becoming very popular with Florida people and uh people who wanted to buy resort property acreage for investment , second homes, and things of this sort. We saw the demand and , so we set up our offices at that time and we have uh grown steadily from then to our present time and our present location. Q: O. K., uh , how has the recent recession , has it affected your business? A: Most definitely , I think it has affected all real estate companies. Uh , the reason being the people that we were selling land to and houses and investment acreage , were people who had made good profit in the stock market or who had saved up their money for retirement and thought they could spare some of it for investments. People coming up looking for second homes, and then when the energy crisis came, 18 or 24 months ago, and inflation kept growing , people became concerned about their retirement money not being sufficient for their own needs let along investment. They became concerned about having the gasoline to drive from Atlanta to Boone to see their property. and uh this curtailed that investment group ) I ' d say a good 75~. �2 Q: Uh , you said , you know , your busine s s really got started when the Florida people and people like that came. Uh , do not necessarily you , but other real estate businesses around here , do you all cater particularly , you build for people like that or are there some of the real estate businesses geared more for local people like building homes and stuff like that? A: Well , most of the real estate offices that have been in operation for 5 to 10 years have uh made the main , their main efforts , directed their main efforts toward the investors looking for property up here. And in addition to that , the university had a growth of about 6,000 , , had an increase of about 6 , 000 form 1963 until the present time and this growth in student population caused the growth in the faculty and staff. Uh , it brought parents up here who had never before been in the area. that they wanted to buy. They saw things In fact , we just sold a house the other day to a student , a girl student who · s father bought it for her to live in while she goes to school. Uh , the university I think has as much impact , the growth of the university had as much impact on the area as did the skiing industry and the tourism in general. So , people , real estate companies , who have geared themselves primarily toward that market are in bad trouble or have gone out of business because that market dried up. the point where (INTERRUPTION: We're diversified to PHONE CALL) As I was saying , the real estate companies who have, who were geared to that market alone, the Florida market and the investors have had a very difficult time. But we were, we were in a business, �3 a business earlier and became diversified in the mobile home parks . commercial development , uh , buying and selling real estate, ourselves, and the apartment complex we had, so we've been able to exist where others would have had to fold up. Q: That's another question I wanted to ask was , like what all tyµes of like apartments you were saying and mobile homes and buy and sell real estate . How do you acquire your land? Would you tell us a little about that? A: Well , being in the real estate business you know what land is available for sale . some is too high . Some land comes in at a good price, If a piece of property is listed with us that we feel like is a good buy , and that we can develop it , then we ' ll buy it ourselves and develop it , you see. Uh , some other realtor might have a piece of property for sale that we find out about through our local real estate board meeting . and then we buy that land. Another case is , is if a business comes to town wanting a building built and lease it to them. They tell us what they want and what they ' ll pay and then we go out and find the property and build the building for them, or sell it to them or Whatever. Q: So that ' s the method of operation. I have a question that's made just to be an opinion of yours . Why do you think so many people like to come to the mountains here? And have do so much in the past? �4 A: Well , primarily the mountains themselves. I've travelled all over the world, from Hong Kong to Switzerland, and there are very few places that are as pretty as the Western North Carolina Mountains, believe it or not. I've been to the Rocky Mountains, I've been to uh the Carribean , I've been all over. and for natural beauty this area is hard to beat. Q: It really is . Well , uh , another man we interviewed made a comment that the peoole that are , that are , do come up here , like Florida people, that they're really bringing with them what they are trying to leave , you know to come to these beautiful mountains. think , what do you think about this? Do you Do you think the real estate business or all this development is changing the mountains? A: It's changing the mountains , but I don't think to a , to a negative degree because a 200 acre tract of land is nothing , you know , unless someone does something with it . So , there are those people who would like to come up here and say , O. K. , I ' m, I've moved to Boone , not let's, let's, cut, cut all future growth out, now that I'm here. O. K? Cause I like the way - Jo~ B~ ow ' s farm i s s just like that -=:ana >!'.:·-.don't want him to develop it, see cause ; I want to enjoy it for my own beauty . of people I resent. ment. So, that's the type I'm for ecology , and I'm for orderly develop- But you've always got the extreme element who comes in and says O. K. , I'm here now Boone to grow any more . ago O. K? that's all I care about . I don't want We sold a house to a couple about 2 years and the other ni ght at a meeting his wife made that very comment, �5 I don't want Boone to grow any more , now that · r•m here. that's a selfish approach to it. Well, So , I think a lot of times people have the uh , notion that they can dictate to another property owner what he can do with his lands. that the And I'm sure Utopia would be that everything would remain in its natural state and be beautiful and everybody would enjoy it, but, for those who have to look at the economic side of it , a farmer whose , who can no longer make a decent living on a farm. What's he gonna do . see , is he gonna draw welfare , or is he gonna be allowed to develop his property, sell off tracts and uh, and derive income from that, and continue to live of is he going to be uh , put into welfare for the rest of his days , you see? I think a happy medium's got to be struck here, so county zoning , is a good thing providing its not, its not done too far, you see. Q: What kind of zoning laws are there in Boone? What kind of restrictions are there? A: Well in the city of Boone , of course , you have the city zoning ordinance , which takes care of your , it takes care of all the property within the city limits of Boone , that's the residential, the commercial . the industrial , properties. of the town. yet. So , uh , that takes care Now outside of the city , we don't have county zoning There's been , uh , a lot of effort put toward coming up with a county zoning plan. But here you get into such uh , a bag of worms because what one farmer wants to do with his land the other farmer might not want to. And you , you get to tinkering with someone s uh , ability to make, uh, a living off their land , you see. And it's , it's much more difficult to have orderly zoning of a county �6 than it is a city, for the reasons that most of the rural people are, are very very much against someone in town passing an ordinance or a county law telling them that they can't raise hogs in their back yard, if tha2s what that guy has for a source of income. See, the farming in this area never has been lucrative. The weather is too unpredictable. not enough rain. very great. If you got too much rain or The cost of farming hillside land is very, is So, I am for zoning and things as long as it's done in moderation, you see. But invariably your ecologists , and when I speak of ecologists I'm not speaking of the average citizen, I'~ talking about those who , who go out and eat the bark off the trees and this sort of thing , the real , the real nature lovers. They're the ones who I think are the most inconsiderate andthe most demanding on other peoples rights. Q: Especially as relates to their farm. Do you have any kind of restrictions on , like how it can be used? land use sales , You know , laws like , I mean like, if you sell some land , is there any way people can use it, like they can go out and just grade it off , you know, leave it bare? A:· Well , inside the city limits, if we sell a tract of land, the buyer has to develop it according to the zoning law, Number 1. Number 2, we have the pollution laws now which prohibits someone from grading off a hillside and just leaving it there without reseeding it and I think that's good, you know. I think that's O. K., but to tell a gµy that he can't grade· off a mpuntaintop is one thing , but to let him grade it off and then let him put it back in a good state of appearance and uh , erosion proofing all right. I think that's �7 Q: Uh , I have a auestion here about not just , not just your business , but just all the development that has taken place over the past or however many years. Could you give us in your opinion what are some of the good things that have come about because of this development? For instance , the economic situation. Then give us some of the bad things you think. A: Well , I, I moved to Boone when I was must have been 8 or 9 years old. And , back at that time , the population of Boone was probably 15 hundred. The student population probably 900. we didn't have good roads in through Boone. entertainment-wise. Uh, We had meager facilities, There was one movie in _town. Uh, there were no restaurants to go out to eat to speak of , maybe one or two little cafes. The university hadn'g expanded to offer the arts and the sciences and the things it does today , the local people can take advantage of. So , as the area has grown, the roads have been im- proved , and I noticed in the paper this week that River Street back there is going to be four-lane . and this is , this is the good things that come about as a result of growth. When a business comes into town . and succeeds that creates jobs for people . that creates income for their employees to spend in the local stores. It creates a better economic situation all the way around , you see. something more to people coming through Boone. reason to stop , whereas in years past It offers It gives them a they'd come through town and s ay , well , there was Boone , what was it , you know. I missed it. Now we · ve got a Holiday Inn in Boone, they'll stop and spend the night. And, before the Holiday Inn came , many people didn't stay in Boone simply because the motels were so inferior. want to come and stay in a dinky motel. They didn't So, an upgrading of the �accomm .iations and I think that uh , just a general economic, uh, improvement comes from development. And when you stop the developers, I'm speaking of commercial developers, land developers, in terms of residential of anything like that you'll literally stop the gfowth, you see. And that's fine for someone to uh be in favor of that who has a state job at the university , drawing a salary from the state, if Boone didn't grow another bit it wouldn't matter. But if that person weren't employed by the state , and had to depend on outside employment for . for livelihood , he·11 look at it differently you see. It's very easy for those people on fixed salaries or state salaries to . to look out and say well now he shouldn't have built that hamburger joint right there because it will hurt the looks of that street. But if he weren't drawing that salary from the state, then he would be out having to be employed by , perhaps by that burger house. And then it'll be an asset to him. I think people are narrow-m~nded in their , in their opinions sometimes because of , they're secure in their positions so the heck with everybody else. Q: I think one of the main things that we were , that uh the Oral History has been concerned with is the question of whether Appalachian mountaineers are gonna lose their cultural heritage with all the new ~eople coming in , and all the change going on. What do you think about that? A: Very possibly you're , that could be , especially to some degree. If a guy has made a living building mountain crafts, lets say, and uh the area keeps growing he can get a-job in a factory , then you're losing one segment of the , uh of the craft business , and maybe that is never taken up again in his family. But } with the advent of television and people in this area having TV's in their homes, �9 they're aware of the outside world much more than, than we were when I was growing up here. Uh, when I was growing up , to go to town on Saturday was a pig deal . you know , and to go to the movie was an even bigger deal. when I was growing up. I think it cost a dime to go to the movie But , uh , I think the . the influence of , of , uh . t.elevision and radio and news , dissimination in particular has had as much influence as anything else. So , I think you're right , uh , the cultural end of it and the , the mountain life as it was once known , will soon be , be gone. Q: Do you see any way of keeping all the progress and saving this cultural heritage? A: Frankly , I don't know how you would do it , uh, I wish there were some way to do it , uh , I wish there were some way to do it. In other words, if you could keep the culture like it was and yet upgrade a fellow's standard of living , you see. To go back into the mountains here and find an old mountain family that's been rooted in their uh area there for a hundred years and to observe them with curiosity and amusement is one thing , but to upgrade that fellow ! s standard of living to where he has an indoor bath , television , uh, hot-air furnace . an automobile to drive 1 a tractor to plow his fields with . it's very difficult for that to ever come about unless he leaves the old ways and adapts to the new , to the new times. Q: The last uestion I have here is , what would you like to see happen in this region, say within the next 20-25 years in the area of growth and progress? �10 A: Well . as a real estate man . of course . you have a desire to see the thing grow and get back in the boom it was in the early 1970.s. On the other hand , I can see that there would be dis- advantages to that continuing right on without orderly growth, so if I were to have, uh , if I were to have my , my wishes granted in that respect , I would say wish for an orderly growth, by that I mean , a growth that can be kept up with in utilities , in streets, in services , uh , commerserate with the number of people coming in the area. I don't think any area should grow faster than its cap- abilities for providing the essential services, in terms of power, uh , fuel . uh . roads , services , shopping areas and schools. So as long as the . the services and utilities could keep up with it , I think it would be fine. Q: What do you predict will happen? A: Well . if I were , if I had a crystal ball I would say that the growth of Boone is going to level off sometime around 1980. Two or three reasons , one reason I think people aren't going to have the extra money to . to uh . invest in pro erty , they're going to have to spend the money that they have to live on. With inflation, the cost of everything going up , we're not going to have the excess money that we once had. level off. Secondly , I think the University growth is going to I think m~ybe you get up to ten or twelve thousand students and that'll be the plateau that uh, that'll level off . Uh , thirdly I don't think that there·s going to be any influx of industry here to speak of, because the lack of , of uh, water and rail service , and the trucking up the mountains can get so expensive �11 that's another deterent to industries moving in . Another item is we simply don't have the people to man another great deal of industry you ee . Industry ' s going to go where the people are, and where their products going out you see , their materials coming in and so forth . And we don't have this , I would say that ' s the biggest drawback to . the biggest single drawback is the rail service. we have a railroad now in West Jefferson. Now Giving an example, I am one of the owners of a lumber company , and we · re buying· our lumber from the west coast. It's sh~pped all the way to Boone , or to West Jefferson rather , on . uh , rail cars and we take our trucks to West Jefferson . pick it up and haul it to Boone. Now there·s not enough demand for that rail service in this area to make it a profitable operation for the railroads, therefore , they ' ve petitioned the, uh , agency that handles that to eliminate , to let them eliminate the , uh , rail service to West Jefferson . Now when that happens we'll have to go down to North Wilkesboro and pick up the lumber and haul it all the way up the mountain on trucks which is going to take .more time, more fuel , uh, more wear and tear on the vehicles , and consequently, cost more money to someone buying lumber . So , if we had a rail head in Boone . let's say , like , uh , we had a good track in and out ofr Boone that would make a big difference because then you could induce a factory to come in , but it's difficult for them to do it all by trucks. And this is the problem , one of the biggest problems we · re going t o have . So I would say by 1980 we'll see a great levelling off in the growth of t his area . �12 Q: Between the time from now to 1980 do you think there·11 be another boom like before? A: No . I don't think there 11 be another boom for many years to come. I think we'll have a , a uh . in fact we're on the , we're gearing down now . The big decrease was back in the last 24 months and now it's gonna be a gradual decrease , I think , you know , as far as the people coming in the area and then maybe by 1980 we'll see a levelling off. strictly speculation . Of course . what we're talking about here is I could be dead wrong , but that's . I've given a lot of thought to tha t very auesti on , because that . the answer to that question determines what we do in our offices. Whether we devote our energies to another aspect of real estate , whether we develop commercial properties or houses or whatever . Q: Uh , do you have anything you'd like to add to this , your own personal opinions or anything? A: No , not really, I , just to say that I've enjoyed living in the area and uh , a lot of other people do , but the success or the desirability of anybody living anywhere is their ability to make an income and a living whereever they are and we've had many people come in the area uh , to give an example when (INTERRUPTION - END OF TAPE) This is Jane Efird with Mr . Phil Templeton . we : re interviewing him for the second time on November 20 , 1975 . Q: Mr. Templeton ,. you mentioned before that the area must obtain orderly growth , and uh . you also mentioned that you weren t in favor of too many zoning laws such as the mountain management act , could you , uh , go into detail a little about this , as to why you aren : t uh . too favorable , or too much in favor of this? �13 A: I don t know tha much. about the Mountain Land Management Act yet uh . but in what discussions I've had with people who were familiar with it it seems like that it uh , closely parallels the results of what's happened down east with the Coastal Land Management Act . It was initiated some time ago , and in talking with people who have had contact with that law there . it's very bureaucratic in it's set up. You have to get numerous permits for doing anything. Uh , almost a nightmare of headaches and paper work involved in complying with the letter of the law of the Mountain , I mean of the Coastal Land Management Act that was enacted . business Our concern being in the real estate is that the people who initiate these acts many times have a very honorable purpose in mind and on the face of it , it turns out to be a very good act , but then it ' s expanded , added to , changed, amended . modified or whatever , and becomes a real headache for everybody. And almost stimies growth completely . so unfortunately the people who, uh who make these laws and who enforce them are people who . who have no experience whatever in developing land . they have no concept of the developers point of view they . they're trying to create utopia a it's very difficult to do this and still meet the needs of everybody . So . from what I know of the Mountain Land Management Act , that they're working on at the present time , I think I'd be opposed to it . Not because of it's present statutes , but expect to grow out of it you see . because of what you can Uh , it's , it may be a baby today and a monster tomorrow. Q: Who are these people that are , uh, developing this act? A: I'm sure it's the environmentalists , uh , group , primarily , like the Sierra Club and things of this sort , who get behind it and initiate the action . and of course , you have your federal agenci~s a~d your state agencies who . who get together and uh , you know, actually do the legislation. Uh , drawing up the legislation and submit it to �14 the legislature to be enacted into law. And , uh , the Sierra Club , I think , has done a lot of good things , but by the same token. they have their own nar row interests at heart. care less about the economic growth of a region They could whether the farmer makes a living or whether he doesn ' t is immaterial to them as long as the land is protected for their enjoyment , you see. And : gh . I'm not speaking of all Sierra Club members because I've got friends in town who are members of the Sierra Club. But I think the overall thrust of their effort is uh is in that vein . you know , not so much as to what's the practical approach . but a narrow a narrow view , towards strictly conservation. Q: Uh . last time you were talking about , giving us an example about how much trouble it was to get permits and things like that A: would you tell that now? Locally we don't have too much trouble with that at this point, uh. it seems like almost monthly there·s another permit required to do something , you know. But I think, by and large , we are fortunate in that area because we haven't gotten so regimented that we have problems with it. I was reading in the paper the other day someone down east , it seems like they had to have either 23 or 33 permits . I've forgotten the number , to build one , to build one building . down east . because of this Management Act I was telling you about. Twenty-three different were going to do. And uh ~gen cies very often times , those agencies have overlapping authorities and it's just a ree.1 INTERRUPTION: had to O. K. what they (inaudible) RECORDER TURNED OFF FOR A SHORT TIME �15 Q: O. K. , uh . we re talking about . you said that uh , you felt that we would need to somehow control the growth of the future . you know . have some kind of orderly growth. this should be done? A: How would you say Do you have any ideas about it? Well . I think you've got to have a , a pragmatic approach to it. I think you've got to take the interests of the , the farmer , the city-dweller , the environmentalist , and try to mesh those together and come up with a program for development that neither excludes any of them "s interests , nor gives uh , any one of them the right to just run roughshod over the others. and take situation. It's got to be a give And so , I would say that uh , the zoning should be approached with that in mind to where if a farmer needs to use his land in a way that's not entirely satisfactory with environmentalists that they understand his economic plight , and that each of them are, are made to uh , to work together on it . you see. Any time you have any particular interest group dominating the legislation you ' re going to have a biased approach to it and a , and a biased law coming out of it Q: to where I think it s no good to anybody. Well . who do you think would be able to get something like this together . uh , an organi zaton of all interests you know? It would have to be probably be started by somebody. A: Well . I think , ideally speaking from each sector , you see. you'd have representatives You'd have environmentalists , you'd have your real estate people , you ' d have your , your. farmers , you'd have your uh , townspeople , you know have a committee type situation where all views are , are at least discussed and , and represented. And , of course no legislation I guess is perfect. But I think �16 too many times legislation pertaining to zoning and what not comes out of a group that represents only one , one area you see . One a r ea of thought , whether . and , this has happened in uh, in terms of developers . Many places, developers themselves have gotten on the zoning boards , and have made laws that completely ignore the environmentalists arguments, you see . equally as bad . And that's Being a realtor , I think it's, it's more difficult for me to keep a , an unbiased opinion of it than if I were a, a state employee or something like that . a . a reasonable outlook on it But , but I try to, to keep and not let my personal interests uh . dominate my thinking to the point where it will work to the ~ disadvantage of other ueoule. Q: Uh . you also mentioned before that developers such as resort develoµers are sometimes different than companies like your own, and you were going to give us some examples of that . like that had ignored environmentalist's concerns , such as that . A: Well. I think in Florida , uh and Arizona are the most typical examples of of the unscruplous developer who goes into an area and simply for his economic benefit , striµs the land of all its vegetation, uh dries up the swamps, to where the , the uh , wildlife can't, can't live any longer , uh 1 goes into high-pressure sales just for simply for the matter of selling a lot and making a dollar. And I think those type people have caused much of the legislation to be passed which really is too stringent upon the average citizen , you see . Uh , and so I can see how the , these _1aws originated , but by the same token , they were passed almost entirely with these developers in mind . not with your average real estate developer . I think 1 by and large , your average develouer has the interests of the community at heart . �17 Q: By average, what do you mean? A: Yeah, the local developers in a given area. Local people? Now, you, you've got your exceptions, there are those people who don't care anything about the local people, the local community. Q: Well, do you mean uh, people like yourself who maybe have grown up around here or are you talking about the people that aren't concerned are the people that come in, say developers from, that don't know about the area? A: Yeah, people who care less I think are those who, who don't live here, or coming in from out of the area and say ·hey Boone, North Carolina has, has got a boom going, let's go down and buy a piece of land and cut it up into postage stamp size lots and sell it and move on, you see. Q: Have you, or do you know about any of them, those in this area? A: I don't know of any big concerns, uh, to speak of. I think that uh, that we've been spared a great deal of that in this area, whereas, in Florida and Arizona and places like that its more prevalent. We're not a quite big enough attraction to bring in people like that, your big swindler s , you know. Q: Uh, what part do politics and government play in mountain development? A: I don't know that politics plays much of a ny part. much inclined in a political vein. I'm not I try to keep up with, with politics in the paper and in the news and what not but I've never been associated with any political party. Also, in all the dealings that we've had in real estate I, I don't find government to be to be a factor, politics, either, As far as uh, governing much locally, I don't think politics has, has near the the influence it does in some other area~. In other words, if we have a Republican governor �- 18 or a Democratic governor, I don't think it makes any difference, locally. Now in terms of what influence the government has had uh, I think the greatest influence has come about in the last four or five years. You, You're running more and more into government regulations about everything, you know. You can't do that, you can't do that, you can't do that, and you can't do this, that sort of thing. So, this is what I'm concerned about that we don't have so many regulations that, that it stymies growth, Uh, the Utopia would be if there were enough regulations that we didn't have to evervhave, have uh, a bad development. But by the same token, if you had that type situation, it would be such a nightmare of paper work and permits and inspections and government agencies it would be almost impossible to work within that concept, you see. So, somewhere we need to strike a happy medium, do the best we can, with the least amount of red tape. Q: The next question, I think is another one just about your opinion, and uh, it's just that how, how many would you say real estate companies and developers in this area are local people like yourself that have grown up around here, that own the±r own businesses? A: Probably, there are probably twenty different agencies in this area, but I'm talking about in the Boone immediate area. there's probably Eix locals. ·1 And of those Now, by local I mean people who've been here before the, before the boom started. And then you've got several other people who have moved here and made this their permanent home. Uh, sort of semi-local, I guess you'd call it. And then you've got those people who came here strictly for the development that was taking place. with that you know. And there's nothing wrong Uh, back during, during the gold rush, people went to California because the gold rush was there. But, and some �19 of those people I ' think do as good a job in developing as those of us who've been here all our lives you see. good local developers, you've got b~d You've got local developers. got good developers who've moved in here from You've other ~places, and you've got bad developers. Q: What can local people do to control the orderly growth of development? Or what, if anything, have they been doing? Have the local people gotten together and tried to do something to control the growth as of yet? A: No, I don't think there's any concerted effor~ toward that yet. Uh, I think your, your best approach there is to work through your city council or county commissioners. of a group. Uh, go as a representative Don't go on an individual basis. Try to get a, a meeting of the minds, people have similar ideas to yours, and, and approach the, the right people with them. But, basically, I think, they've got to be reasonable ideas. If I were a city councilman, and someone came to me with a reasonable idea, a fair proposition, I would do my best to see that it was initiated. However, if they came to me strictly with a, a proposition that looked at their own interests, not the interests of the community at large, then I don't think I'd be inclined to help them. So, I think that we need to take our uh, our ideas to, to the local government agencies and officials but before we take them, make sure that they're not so biased in our favor, that it makes it impractical. �20 Q: Uh, one fellow that we interviewed made the comment that so many people are buying land now that uh, the land prices go up, therefore taxes on the land go up. And, uh, you know, if one just, if a person just has a steady income, how can he, that you know, does not go up, how can he cope with this? Would there be, do you see any change in that, or help for him? A: Not really, uh, that's an unfortunate fact of life I guess that taxes are gonna go up whether we use the land or whether it sits vacant. And, uh, I don't think locally, that's, that's been enough of a problem yet to cause anybody undue problems. Now, true, the county tax rate this year did almost double, the tax, the tax on your county property almost doubled over last year. But even at that doubled figure, it's considerably less than taxes in many places, you see. So, I think that this is a part of, a fact of life we're gonna have to live with, that if you want a lot of land you're gonna have to expect to pay increasing taxes uh, on that property. Which to some degree may be a good idea. It'll cause people to put their land into use, to make it productive, in terms of farm products or uh, developing it in terms of secondary homes or primary homes, instead of it just sitting vacant you know, and dormant. see. If nothing else, they could plant a tree farm on it, you There are thousands and thousands of acres of land in this area that have been non-productive for years and years simply because the taxes were so cheap the guy didn't have to make it productive. So, taxes are bad, nobody likes tham but I think it is necessary that we have taxes and uh, I can see a lot of benefits to be derived from it. END OF TAPE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Young, Janice Efird, Jane Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Templeton, Phil Interview Date 11/12/1975 Location The location of the interview. Boone, NC Number of pages 22 pages Date digitized 9/17/2014 File size 14.7MB Checksum alphanumeric code 0d8b019193d786f9ac93b39173165d99 Scanned by Tony Grady Equipment Epson Expression 10000 XL Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal; non-commercial; and educational use; provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965-1989; W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Special Collections; Appalachian State University; Boone; NC). Any commercial use of the materials; without the written permission of the Appalachian State University; is strictly prohibited. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AC.111 Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965 - 1989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape332_PhilTempleton_transcript_M Title A name given to the resource Interview with Phil Templeton [November 12, 1975] Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young, Janice Efird, Jane Templeton, Phil Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Subject The topic of the resource Real estate developers Rural development--North Carolina--Watauga County Rural development--North Carolina--Ashe County Templeton, Phil Description An account of the resource Phil Templeton, a real estate developer, talks about the development happening in High Country over his lifetime. He attributes the development to the growth of the university, the skiing industry, and tourism in general. He is a proponent of the development, even if it means the loss of traditional mountain culture, because it provides a higher standard of living for people. He says: "Utopia would be that everything would remain in its natural state and everyone could enjoy it, but that's not how it works." Boone Carolina Reality county tax mountain development mountain heritage Mountain Land Management Act mountain resorts permits Phil Templeton pollution laws railroad real estate Sierra Club West Jefferson zoning laws https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/92bd43aeeb5657f48de1acad12750bde.pdf 407744b189f70a58136eecdb038921d2 PDF Text Text r? 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 68 [August 6, 1928 - November 10, 1928] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 79.4 MB 102 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_068_1928_0806_1928_1110 Description An account of the resource Andrew Jackson Greene kept this diary from August 6th through November 10th, during the year of 1928. Each day, Greene recorded entries about the weather, community events, friends and family visits. He also included entries devoted to Appalachian Training School, he even names some of the buildings still found on the Appalachian State University campus today such as Justice Hall and White Hall. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s Appalachian State Normal School Avery County Boone Bristol Caldwell County court Dr. W.A. Stanburym Raleigh NC Edwin Dougherty Elk Park faculty meeting Hardie Lyons J.H. Highsmith Justice Hall Leroy Martin Middle Fork Church Miss Mary Hale Miss Ruth Rankin Mitchell County N.C. President Dougherty Reverend P.A. Hicks Vilas W.H. Brown Watauga County N.C. 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 70 [February 13, 1929 - May 17, 1929] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 88.9 MB 97 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_070_1929_0213_1929_0517 Description An account of the resource Andrew Jackson Greene kept this diary from February 13 through May 17, 1929. Greene continues teaching at Appalachian State Normal School. The school competes in basketball with Cullowhee Normal. Keeping this diary is a release for Greene. He admits that the days he is not able to write are hard for him. He writes what he did that day, who he saw, and what happened in and around the community. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s A.R. Smith A.W. Smith Appalachian Normal School basketball Beaver Dam Blowing Rock Boiling Spring Junior College Boone Baptist Church Boone Trail Café Chapel Clyde Mast Cullowhee Normal D.D. Dougherty Demonstration School Dessie Mae Triplett Dr. Will O Gordon Edith Knight G.P. Eggers Herbert Hoover Lenoir –Rhyne College Piedmont Festival presidential election Professor James Monroe Downum Rebecca Boone Tea Room Three Forks Association W.H. Brown W.W. Mast West Jefferson Willowdale Baptist Church https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c38d2a05e889bc0bd5a0b89fe979d2d9.pdf c62f12aee789c4e20c7bb67961f8f9a0 PDF Text Text PA »?;? 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 48.0 MB 51 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_130_1938_0225_1938_0316 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded from February 25 through March 16, 1938 by Andrew Jackson Greene. He provided insight on the life of a Watauga County resident, church member, and teacher at Appalachian State Teachers College. Greene included weather records, travel records and personal reflections for each day. He wrote about the bus stations, the local stores, the Greene Inn, and of course the college. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 130 [February 25, 1938 - March 16, 1938] Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s Allen Greer Appalachian State Teachers College Beaver Dam Carrie Greene Colonel Bill Cornell Conly Glenn Daisy Williams Dean Rankin Forest Grove Baptist Church Fork Ridge Glee Club J.F. Eller J.L. Reese Margaret Eury Agle President Dougherty Professor J.A. Williams Ralph Mast Reverend E.Y. Edminsten Ruth Epps Sam Adkins Sunday School Trade Tennessee Union Baptist Church Valle Crucis Watauga County N.C. West Jefferson William Eller Willowdale Baptist Church https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3aeeaf308ceb052510e4cdf8e87ad22e.mp3 0b9d918f32fd32d6133a1758eb93924f https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/830a6f5fc4916a88e5a974b7ed6225dd.mp3 0a59da7c9ba4a294023e100f4787e639 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/15afd20c10710e9d450e93672c800166.pdf dd10ff6e97edcf57fea25183a452af40 PDF Text Text Oral History Transcript Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 34 Interviewee: Edward Blackburn Interviewer: Bill Ballock 2 March 1973 BB: Bill Ballock EB: Edward Blackburn OB: Ollie Blackburn BB: This is an interview for the Appalachian Oral History Project with Edward Blackburn at Todd, North Carolina, on March 2, 1973 by Bill Ballock. Tell your name and start out from there. EB: I’m Ed Blackburn and I live at Todd, North Carolina. I’ve lived here for 80 years and I’m a preacher. I have, in the past been a mail carrier, but today I’m trying to preach. Lived here in the mountains and worked with mountain people, think they’re the finest people in the world. That’s not belittling anybody else, but I appreciate and honor them. Want to be an honor to the mountains. Is that thing (the tape recorder) running now? BB: Just don’t even pay any attention to it. EB: Now, you go ahead and talk to me. BB: Okay. Can you tell me something about your childhood? EB: Yes, a little bit. I remember not too much about it. I remember many years back, born here in Ashe County and lived here, as I said once, all my life. Went to school here, what little I went, and went to the First World War. Went through the First World War through the entire was except for 14 days. Came back and lived here ever since. This has been my home ever since. All my life this has been my home. I have seen Boone when it was just a few white houses there and the streets were two feet deep of mud. If you got across the street you got across on a pile of ashes. You missed the ashes and you went in the mud to your knees. I’ve seen West Jefferson come from a house or two to a nice town. Seen the railroad come in here and helped work on it. I drove pegs for the engineers, helped work on the track and I’ve seen it come and go. BB: What about the railroad? What did you do on the railroad? EB: I helped the engineer survey it and worked on the track work. And then I helped grade it, helped grade the whole thing. Helped make it, everything but the coaches and the engines. 1 �BB: Where did it start out? EB: Where did it start from? Abingdon, Virginia. Came to Todd, 76 miles, 76 miles and so many tenths to Todd. Came in and out once a day. Stayed all night here and then went out in the morning, came back in the evening. Todd used to be a business place. Had a bank, drugstores, and how many grocery stores I’ve forgotten. Lots of numbers of people lived here. It’s just a ghost town now because all the old people are dead and all the young people have moved away. And the banks are gone, the money is gone, the timber is gone, and most of the land is gone. BB: How did people feel about the railroad here in Todd? EB: Well, they wanted it to come in you know. They didn’t know it was going to ruin us and take all our timber out and leave us nothing. We wanted it to come in. BB: So you think after it left it was bad? EB: Yes, yes. It left us in a lot worse shape. All of our timber gone and not anything to show for it. OB: It should have gone on up to Boone. EB: Sure, if it went on up to Boone it would be running today. West Jefferson over there is a thriving town and it came into West Jefferson now one or two times a week. (The railroad) hauls freight in there. No passenger trains, no mail. Used to run a passenger train in there and carried the mail. BB: It did run a passenger train? EB: Yes, oh yes. Two times a day the Lord blessing. One in the morning and one in the evening. In and out. Passenger train and freight, sometimes two freights. Loads of them, double heading out here, a number of cars loaded with timber. BB: So if you wanted to change it back, you wouldn’t let the railroad come back? EB: No. I wouldn’t work on it. In fact, I would get other people not to. That’s right, keep what we have. BB: Well, they tell me you are a preacher. Can you tell me something about how you got started in that? EB: Yes, well the Lord called me. Yes, I’m a preacher honey. Got a lovely church over here. The finest people in the country come there. I got started because the Lord called me to be a preacher. I didn’t want to be a preacher. I wanted anything in the world besides being a 2 �preacher. I really wanted to be a drunkard, and drink liquor and carouse around. But the Lord saved me. Then He called and saved me and delivered me from drinking liquor. He called me to be a preacher. And now I’m preaching and wouldn’t do anything else now. I’m not much of a preacher, but I’m the best preacher I know how to be. God bless you. BB: When did it start? EB: When did I start preaching? I started preaching in about 1922 or ’23. BB: What brought it on? Did you go to school? EB: No, never been, just went through the schoolhouses. Ran a mill, only school college I’ve ever been in. I used to run a mill in Todd and sell meal to the Boone College. That’s the only college I know anything about; selling meal. I’ve been to college anyhow selling them meal. BB: So you just took the preaching on your own? EB: Yes, thank God. On my own. Lived by it. Only way I have of getting a penny is what people give me. Nobody behind me but the Lord and that’s enough. God called me and I’ve worked with everybody that needs help. OB: He’s worked all his life and got Social Security. EB: I draw Social Security, but not enough. BB: Do you get paid for preaching? EB: Yes sir. Got a lovely congregation. Get a little, sometimes get more than others. Take an offering every morning when I preach. I just preached over here at the tabernacle two times a month, second and fourth Saturday. And somebody takes an offering for us. BB: What’s the name of the church? EB: Blackburn Memorial Church and Campground. I want you to go out and get a history of it, get you to look at it and take the history down off of the sign. BB: How did it come about that you’re preaching? How were you called? EB: Well, the Lord just called me you know. I got saved from being a drunkard and the Lord called me to be a preacher. Why, I don’t know, but He called me to be a preacher. I just went to doing things that preachers ought to do. Not like other men can, but the best I could. And God called me to be a preacher and I’ve been faithful to the job ever since. OB: He gets busier everyday about it, counseling with somebody. Some drunkard or some 3 �family having trouble. BB: What people come here? EB: Drunks, folks trying to get delivered from liquor, folks having marriage troubles, about to separate, parting, fussing and fighting. Come here day and night to be prayed with and counseled with, talked to and prayed for. Thank God. God had blessed us so far with a fruitful ministry. BB: They told me that once you got sick. Could you tell me something about that? EB: Once I was seriously sick. So sick they thought I would die you know. They sent me to the hospital against my will. They sent me to West Jefferson and the hospital at Jefferson kept me 18 or 19 days and couldn’t find what was the matter with me. And they sent me from there to Winston-Salem. When I got to Winston I was so near dead they gave me eight pints of blood. And that’s about all of it. But I stayed down there 18 or 19 days and they were going to operate on me, but I couldn’t take it. I was weak. I couldn’t stand an operation. I prayed and before the Lord and the host of heaven, God healed me and I came home the day they were supposed to operate on me. That night – the doctors and nurses came in to get me ready for an operation and I told the nurses, “God’s healed me. I’m going home. I want you to send me home today.” That excited the nurses and the doctor came in and told him that, and then he went out of the room. And several other doctors came in. They pushed me and then rolled me, then looked in my eyes, looked at my fingernails and examined my feet and had a counsel and told me I could go home. But when I got ready to come home there were a number of people there that came to set up the operation. Felt sorry for my mom you know and my children. I was getting my clothes on and getting ready to come home and I told the doctor, “I’ll never be back down here unless I come to pray for somebody.” I’ve been back twice, or three times. OB: Why don’t you tell the whole story? EB: Well, I’ve told enough of it, haven’t I? BB: I want the whole story. OB: The night you were healed, don’t you remember? EB: Yes, yes. I was praying you know, the night before the operation and a nurse came through and turned my pitcher upside down, the water pitcher, and I knew that was bad business. I was burning up and wanted water. The nurse came in and turned my water pitcher upside down, no 4 �more water for me. If I had money I would have hired somebody to pour water for me, but I didn’t have that kind of money and had to depend on the nurses and the orderlies. The nurse came through or one of the aides came through and turned my pitcher upside down and I knew that there was no more water for me. I knew what was coming. I knew that I was so weak and couldn’t take it. I was already dead. I just told God that I couldn’t take it. And sometime through the night, somebody came to by bed and called me name and said, “You don’t need an operation.” Next morning I was able to come home. Thank God. And I’ve been home ever since and I work like a slave, day and night. I haven’t ever been sick any more and I’m 80 years old this coming August. Thank God. That’s what God done for me. BB: You sure don’t look 80 years old. EB: I have been out here sawing wood. BB: My father is 50 years old and you look twice as young as he. EB: What about that? Bless your daddy honey. BB: What about the community itself? What do you think of the Todd community? EB: I think its marvelous and wonderful. One of the best anybody ever had the privilege to live in. Thank God. The best neighbors that God could set down around you. Anything you need, somebody will bring it to you and see about you. That’s what I think about it. It’s so good I nearly disgraced it by living here, that’s what kind of place it is. Marvelous. OB: Tell him how we worship. EB: Well, just like anybody else so far as I know. We go to church. OB: Well, I mean we’re all one. EB: Sure, sure. Our prayer meetings, we all worship together you know. We have a prayer meeting in the Baptist church, and we’re known as Holiness people. We go to the Baptist church and the next night they come to the tabernacle church, and the next night we go to the Methodist church. We worship all the way around. And nobody knows whether uncle Ed belongs to the Baptist church or the Methodist church. And I don’t know whether the Baptist church belongs to our tabernacle or the Baptist church. We don’t pay any attention to that, we just worship God, and get along good. It’s a marvelous community. Nobody’s got a better one. BB: As time goes on, do you think that it’s losing out, that people are getting away from each other? 5 �EB: Yes, I do believe the young people are as time goes on. Yes, I do. And the old people are dying and that cripples us some. But so many of our young people have moved off from this country see, they had to leave here to get a job. And we just get them through high school and many of them through college and they’ve got to go somewhere else to get a job you know, to work out a living. So that just leaves the young and the old folks. You know the old folks die one by one and leave. And then these other children go to college and then they get…raised. Ma’am and me raised five children, two boys and three girls. Our baby is in New Jersey, she’s a librarian. I got a boy in Virginia Beach, Virginia; he’s a printer for the United States government. He has been thee a long time, soon to retire. And I got a boy that lives at Cherryville. He drives for the Carolina Freight and he’s been there for years. We have a daughter that lives in Abingdon, Virginia. She married a builder contractor and they have a supermarket. They are building a supermarket. Our oldest daughter married a sanitary and county health officer and they live here in Ashe County. Five lovely children and all of them seem to be doing well. BB: That’s just great. It’s just beautiful out here. I don’t see why any young people would want to leave. EB: Thank you, it is beautiful. And we live in an old house. OB: I’ll tell you why the young people, our children…every one of them get so homesick to come to the mountains to live. But you see, where we made the mistake was selling every stick of timber we had here for the railroad and letting the companies come in here and carry it off, haul it off on the train out away from here. And wouldn’t let companies come in here. We could have had factories up here, all kind of furniture factories and everything if we hadn’t loved our little dirt. You see we loved the dirt better than if we loved… EB: Sure. They wanted to buy land for factories. OB: And we wouldn’t sell them land. And see that’s the reason our children now had to reap the results of it. They had to get an education and go somewhere else to get a job. BB: What do you think about somebody who would want to come out here and farm and try to preserve what you have? EB: I think it’s wonderful. I think that young people can come and live conservative and buy a farm and get rich, thank God. Say raise enough cattle to get rich. Right here in these mountains, men are doing it. I don’t. I don’t have a cow. Don’t have anything but some fish and wild ducks. That’s all the property we’ve got. I own 27 acres of land here and this old house is over 176 years old, where you’re sitting now. 6 �All handmade, all worked with hands. And there’s a door that doesn’t have a nail in it unless I put it in. The house is put together with wooden pegs. It’s been here we know for 176 years and we think several years longer. BB: Do you know who built it? EB: We think we know. We think a man by the name of “Younce,” who has been dead for many many years you know. We think he built this house here. This house and the soldiers, Northern soldiers came down and burned my grandfather’s house down. This was his workhouse where he loomed, had looms, and wove their cloth and cooked here. OB: Made their shoes. EB: The fireplace was six feet across and I filled it in. But this was just and outhouse. Northern soldiers burnt the house down out here and left our people with nothing. Took their meat and the horses, and burned a lot of their clothes. Just left my grandparents with nothing. BB: So you remember your grandparents talking about the Civil War? EB: Yes, I just barely can, the Lord bless you, just barely. OB: His mother was 11 years old. EB: Yes, when they burned the house and she’s been dead for years. BB: So they did come through this way? EB: They did come right through here and burn the nice home out here on this hill right out here. You can go out there and dig up charcoals from it right now. BB: And you’re 80 years old? EB: I’m 80 years old this coming August. BB: Okay. What do you think about politics? EB: Politics? Well, I think that we need two kinds. I think we need two good parties and I think that both sides do so sorry that I’m ashamed of both sides. I vote for one then I wish I had voted for the other because we do things. They tell us we’re not going to do one thing and the next day they do it. Then I think I ought to have voted for the other fellow. I think we need two good parties and men to be honest and upright and tell us the truth and do the best they can for us and quit lying to us. We know they can’t do all the things they tell us they’re going to do because we haven’t got enough money to do it. 7 �BB: Do you remember the first election you voted in? EB: No, I can’t remember darling. No. BB: Who was the first president that you remember? EB: Oh, I remember Teddy Roosevelt and Mr. McKinley. I remember, I was just a boy though, but I remember when the news traveled so slow you know, about killing McKinley. I remember that. BB: What did you think of Roosevelt? EB: Well, I was just a boy. Didn’t make any different to me darling. Just another man and I heard by father and mother talk about him you know. Teddy Roosevelt. BB: What about Truman? EB: Yes, I loved Harry Truman. I think he was an excellent president. He would tell you what to expect and then he did it. And if you didn’t like it he would fight you if you wanted to fight. I think he was fine. BB: What about Eisenhower? EB: I think he was great. BB: You did? You liked Eisenhower then? EB: Yes, I liked him good enough to vote for him. BB: What about Kennedy? EB: Not struck on Kennedy. I’ll not comment why, but I’m not struck on him. I didn’t give a dime if it’s on the signboards in Broadway, New York City. BB: What about Johnson? EB: I liked Mr. Johnson, thought he was a nice, fine gentleman. BB: What about Mr. Nixon? EB: I think he’s fine. I quarrel with him sometimes, cuss him sometimes for things he does and don’t do. But I think he’s going be a fine president. I think he’s doing the best he can. BB: What was World War One like? 8 �EB: It was rough, rough, rough. World War One was rough. I volunteered and went. The war was declared the 6th day of May and I enlisted in the World War the 17th day of May. I wanted to go to the war and then I went, but wanted to come home. Went to France and fought through the Meuse-Argonne Forest, Mont Saint-Michel, close to Verdun, and sector near Verdun. I saw the Hindenburg line broke where Von Hindenburg said there wasn’t enough men this side of hell to go through that line and the American soldiers went through it and tore it all to pieces and whooped their hind ends off. BB: And you were in it? You were fighting? EB: I was there. Came out of the lines on November 11th, 1918. BB: And then you went to World War Two? EB: I wasn’t in World War Two, no. BB: You were at home right? EB: I was at home, yes. BB: Were you preaching then? EB: Yes. BB: What was it like during World War Two? EB: Well, I wasn’t in it. I just knew all the men that was in it. I knew lots of the men that did go you know. But I wasn’t in it. I didn’t have any part of lot in it except to work you know. I worked in the defense plant, the most of the time during the Second World War in Coats, Pennsylvania for a steel mill. A big steel mill. BB: What about Vietnam? What about the people here at home? How do they feel about it in your community? EB: Well, I think the majority of us thought that we had it to do. That there wasn’t anything else to do is what I think. They didn’t fight as rough as I wanted them to fight. I wanted them to thrash the face out of them and get out of it. Give them a thrashing and come home, but we just played along with them and didn’t whoop them. I wanted to whoop them good and come out. BB: Are you glad that the Peace… EB: I am delighted! I want to be a peacemaker honey. That’s my business, being a peacemaker. But if I have to fight you I’m going to fight awful rough while I fight. 9 �BB: What about the Depression? EB: Yes, I lived through that. It didn’t make much difference to me because we’re kind of depressed every day anyhow. But we did get through it, but it was a hard time, the Lord bless you. It was a hard time. BB: What did you do during the Depression? EB: Well, I lived right here and raised cabbage and Irish potatoes and sent children to school, right here. BB: Do you think that it was easier for the people, the farmers than it was for the people in town? EB: Yes, I do. The man that had the farm knew how to work it and to manage. He had a better chance of surviving than the people in town because they didn’t have anything. They were just out. BB: You didn’t have any trouble getting clothes or shoes and stuff did you? EB: Oh, no. No, we had clothes, had shoes, and had plenty to eat what it was. But we didn’t have any money. BB: You wouldn’t want to see another Depression would you? EB: No, no. Never want to see another Depression. Don’t ever want to see ten-hour workdays come back. I want good wages and honest work. I do believe in a man that’s getting two dollars an hour ought to be able to put out and work for two dollars an hour. BB: I reckon that you remember the flood of 1940 too, don’t you? The flood? EB: Yes, I do. BB: I reckon as a preacher that you had right much to do? EB: Yes, I had much to do the entire time son. OB: When was the flood? EB: 1962, wasn’t the flood the one I’m thinking about here in ’62? We about washed away in this country. I think it was in…no, in 1943, wasn’t it ’43? BB: Yes, somewhere in there. Do you remember it? 10 �EB: Yes, oh yes. I had a mill down here in this little village we call Todd. And I came home and when I came around the curve coming out of Todd, there was a high place there. I turned around, looked around and told God and to myself, “This is the last time I’ll ever see Todd if it doesn’t quit raining.” And that night two or here buildings went out of Todd all together like an ark. The buildings went right down the stream all together. There was a mill there, a big mill. That mill was taken out, a store on the other side of the creek away from the water; the rain took the store just like an ark was floating down the creek. But God ceased the rain and that is the only reason that Todd didn’t wash away. OB: Right here, over there came a big crack on the hill. EB: Yes, the mountain cracked there. And had it slid off, there wouldn’t have been anything left in the village. It would have all went out; too much dirt and water. I saw that. BB: Did anyone come to your house for refuge? EB: Yes, we had company. Some of our kinfolk were here. They got caught in the storm here and had to stay here. BB: Were all of you scared? EB: No, we weren’t scared here on the hill. We thought my, lots of water, but we didn’t think it would get to us and it didn’t. BB: I was talking to Miss Trivette and she said their house almost washed away. EB: Oh, yes. All around them. BB: I reckon that was a pretty bad time. EB: Yes. Serious time, serious time. BB: Getting back to your childhood, what can you remember about it now? Was it like growing up in the mountains? EB: Marvelous, wonderful. I had a good daddy and a good mother and didn’t know what trouble was. He was a hard worker and had a good farm and made all the things we needed to live on except clothes and shoes. It was marvelous. I would love to go back and live through it again. Didn’t know what trouble was. Didn’t know we would ever see a day that we didn’t have enough. Thank God! BB: What kind of games did you play? EB: We just played what we called back in those days “Base.” We didn’t know anything about 11 �baseball and things like that. We just played Base, “Dare Base” and would run like wild men. We would see who could outrun the other and who could break the other side. If we ever made a circle around the others man’s home, we would break him up and had to start over again. If we would catch his men off a base, we would put them in jail. We would get all of his men until he was overpowered, why we broke him up again. BB: What was it called? EB: We called in “Base,” or “Dare Base.” We would have a line and dare a fellow to come put his foot on a line. Then we would take out after him and if we caught him before he got back to his base, why we would bring him and put him in a jail. But then we had to guard him and if another man left his base and came over, we could touch him. But if he touched the guy in jail before we could get to him, then he would get out. But he watched that and if we caught him, we put him in jail. That was our job. The fellows that got the most men in jail or one of our best runners made a circle around the other man’s base, that broke him up and we won the game. Just like war. He just had to surrender, that’s all. OB: Then at night, we danced in the homes. Barn dances. EB: We would have parties in the night. Play the banjo, the violin or fiddle. We danced all night, thank God! Had a good time. BB: Did you know anybody that played the fiddle? EB: They are dead now. Knew a lot of men, but they have gone to heaven now. OB: My daddy played for the parties. My granddaddy played the violin and my daddy played the banjo. BB: Would it be every night? EB: No, we couldn’t take it every night. About two nights a week. BB: Would you all be drinking moonshine? EB: Not much, sometimes. Usually wine, grape wine. Sometimes we had the real stuff…moonshine. BB: Did your dad make moonshine? EB: No sir, he was a Christian gentleman. He didn’t even drink it. My father’s brother was a 12 �Congressman. There is his picture on the wall. Served two terms in the United States Congress. And my father was against liquor. BB: What was his name? EB: E. Spencer Blackburn. Honorable E. Spencer Blackburn. BB: What was the year that he was in Congress? EB: Well, I’ve forgotten little darling boy. I was just a boy. In 1906 and 1908 I expect (Edmond Spencer Blackburn was a Republican U.S. Congressman from 1901-03 and 1905-07). You better put a question mark on that honey, because I was just a little boy. But he would visit my father often. Had a big, high silk hat and fine clothes. BB: What kin was he to you? EB: He was my uncle, my father’s brother. End of side I BB: Have you hunted and fished a lot? EB: Yes, fished a lot. Yes, it wasn’t against the law then to take a net and go into the river and catch fish by the bushel. BB: What about legends and stuff? Old folk tales and myths. Do you remember any? EB: No, not many. People used to tell us ghost tales and that would scare us nearly to death. BB: Who would tell them to you? EB: Old people. But they are all dead and gone many years ago. They would come by and tell us ghost stories you know, and we were afraid to look out of the house after the sun went down. BB: Do you remember any? EB: No, I can’t remember them. One old man lived down here on the river and a man went missing and the people never could find him. They thought he went and jumped in the river at a hole where it wasn’t frozen over. But never could find him. But then in the spring when the ice went out, the ice flow went out, why this old man down here on the river found five bones. What the doctor said was they were five bones of a man and he took them home and put the bones in the loft. He said that every night the five bones would just beat the floor all night. I’ve heard him tell that story many times. He said there was a beat on the floor. But he still had so far as I know, when he died – still had that beating on the floor. 13 �BB: Do you believe that? EB: Don’t believe a word of it, no. But I do believe that he had the bones because I heard people talk about the man disappearing. The man’s name was “Lookabill.” Something happened to his mind. A nice man, but he disappeared and never was found. That’s as close as anything that would come to a ghost story. But that’s just to me a folktale. I know nothing about that, only what was told. BB: Do you remember any old sayings? EB: No, I’ve forgotten them all. We used to have many of them. And they were all so good that they ought to have been remembered. BB: You ought to have written them down. EB: Yes, by all means. BB: If there was anything that you could change back, what would you change that’s now gone? EB: Well, if there was anything that I could change back I would have gone into preaching when I was 14 years old. And I went into the First World War without ever being a Christian. God wanted me to be a preacher when I was 14 years old, but I wanted to drink liquor and I put off preaching until I was about 22 years old. I would change that. BB: Is there anything that you would change in the community? EB: No, I doubt it. Just let her roll, just like it did. BB: Is there anything else you want to tell me? EB: Bless you. I don’t know much more little lad. The Lord blesses you. I never thought about anybody coming to talk to me about things like this because there are so many men that can tell you so much more than I could tell you. But there is nobody in this country much older than I am. BB: They say you are the oldest around? EB: I don’t know any men that are older than I am. I know one lady down here. No, not in this vicinity, I don’t know of any man that’s older than me. BB: And this is your mother? OB: This is my wife and she’s 81 years old. 14 �BB: What’s her name? EB: Ollie Blackburn. OB: I was Ollie Clawson. EB: She was a Clawson. OB: I waited through the war to marry him. EB: We were supposed to get married anytime, but I went to the war and left her here you know. BB: Were you raised here in Todd too? OB: No, I was raised in Watauga County. BB: In Watauga County? OB: Yes, this is Ashe County. EB: Yes, here we are across the line about a hundred feet. When you came up that road you were in Watauga; when you turned in to our house, why you are in Ashe County. BB: So you all live in Ashe County? EB: Just across the line. We pay our taxes on the Ashe side. BB: What was your childhood like? Did your mother teach you how to crochet and all? OB: She taught me how to sew and I sewed and made all my children’s clothes. During the Depression we had some pretty well to do folks and they gave us second hand clothes and I made them over for my children. Some of them got the prize for being the best-dressed in school there. EB: Out of second handed clothes. BB: During the Depression they got the best-dressed? EB: Yes, I guess it was during the Depression. They went to school well-dressed by ma working over old clothes, redoing them. BB: How long have you two been married? 15 �EB: Going on 54 years. We had a 50th anniversary three years ago this June. So this June we will have been married 54 years. BB: Have they all been good years? EB: All have been wonderful. Thank God, I would like to live them all over. Been good years. Ma’s been a darling. BB: How many grandchildren do you have? EB: Fourteen. BB: I bet you have a big Christmas don’t you? EB: Yes. Fourteen. And two great-grandchildren. BB: Do they all usually get home for Christmas? EB: Yes, usually. BB: What’s the difference in Christmas when you were small and Christmas now? EB: Oh, so much difference. When I was small if we got two sticks of candy and an orange we were well fixed. BB: Do you remember any great presents that you once got during Christmas? EB: No. I got a toy truck; as far back as I can remember and thought that was the greatest thing that could be delivered to anybody. OB: Tell him about your pistol. EB: Yes, I used to have a little gun when I was six years old. Lots of folks won’t let boys have pistols and I had a gun. I think this is the same one if I can find it here. OB: I guess it’s gone. EB: I had one like this when I was just a boy and I’d hunt with it you know. I would shoot grouse and rabbits when I was six years old. BB: So it’s a real pistol? EB: Oh, it’s a real .22 pistol. Break it down. That’s a real gun. Dangerous, it would kill you. Single barrel, a Stevens. 16 �BB: Do you still hunt? EB: I still hunt. BB: Do you still hunt with this? EB: No. I carry an automatic shotgun. BB: What do you think about the tourists? EB: Well, I think that they have ruined the mountains, is what I think of them. We can’t go anywhere and get anywhere but they do bring in some money but we were living well before they came. That’s not belittling them; that’s just what I think about them. BB: So you think that Beech Mountain and Sugar Mountain… EB: Yes. I think its hurt the morale of the country. I do. And that’s just what I think. That’s my personal opinion. BB: Well, I agree with you. EB: Yes. I think its hurt the morale of the country. I do. And that’s just what I think. That’s my personal opinion. BB: Well, I agree with you. EB: Thank you dear. Bless you darling. Just about ruined us. BB: I hate to see the mountains torn down too. I think it’s real sad. EB: Thank you honey. BB: Is there anything that you want to tell me? Just anything that you would want somebody to know about you as a man? EB: No, I didn’t do well enough to want anybody to know anything about me darling. BB: I think you being a preacher… EB: I’ve done my best on that line. But we got many preachers. BB: Do you baptize? EB: I do. Baptize and marry folks. 17 �BB: You have a license to marry? EB: I do have a license to marry, yes. And to baptize and to establish churches. BB: What was your education? You got as far as… EB: Oh, I wouldn’t know. I just…it pushed me to get through the seventh grade I guess. We just had three months of school you know, when I went to school. Always commenced in September and would be out by Christmas. And we had to walk three miles. We have to walk three miles when I went to school most of the time. BB: So you got about as far as the seventh grade? EB: Yes, I guess it pushed me to go through the seventh grade. BB: Learn enough just to read and write? EB: I can read and write. And I can… OB: Figure (mathematics). BB: I would like to come down to your church sometime. EB: Well, you ought to come darling. You ought to come. You ought to bring some friends. I want you to go up by and look it over darling before you leave here this evening. Open the door, it will not be locked. Just open the door and go in and look around. What God has done. BB: How long has that church been there? EB: Well, this one has not been there that long…I guess 38 or 40 years. That right ma? About 38 years. BB: Is this your first church? EB: Yes, but the first church was burned down over there. BB: I know a good question. Do you remember the first time you preached? The very first time that you preached? EB: No. I don’t remember the first time I ever got up and took a text and preached from it. But for years before I ever went out into the ministry, before I was ordained I would hold funerals you know. So many people would send for Uncle Ed you know, to come and hold funerals. But I can’t remember the first time. 18 �BB: What were the funerals like? EB: Well, they haven’t changed much. They have gotten finer, but the same mode and the same lines. When I was growing up we didn’t know anything about undertakers in the mountains here. Just neighbors, dress people and made their caskets and put them in the ground. BB: When was the first time that you can remember that you preached? EB: I can’t remember. Can’t remember the first time that I ever was called to a funeral. Wish I could. I would like to try and recall the feeling, but I can’t remember to save my life. I’ve had hundreds of them. BB: It wasn’t a good feeling I guess. EB: Wasn’t so good. I was scared. Still am. BB: Are you still scared? EB: Still scared. Scared to death. BB: Do you preach from a text or do you just get up and talk? EB: I preach right out of a book. Never write down a note or take a note and just read by chapter – what I’m going to preach from and go to preaching. If there is one certain verse in it that I want to dwell on and talk about, I pick out such and such verse in such and such chapter and tell my people all I know about it. BB: Do you all have Sunday school? EB: We do have Sunday school every Sunday. One of the finest in the county. BB: What time does preaching start? EB: Eleven o’clock. Every second and fourth Sunday. BB: So you only have preaching the second and fourth Sunday? Why is that? EB: Well, because we found it’s the best. And because my people are not… OB: Well, he preaches in other places. EB: Yes, I’m gone a lot of the time and that gives me a chance to preach here twice a month and go somewhere else two times. 19 �BB: Oh, so you go other places? EB: I go to other places. BB: Where do you usually go? EB: Well, the last meeting I was in was at High Point. Evangelical Methodist in High Point. And next to that one, I go anywhere they call for me…anywhere from Ohio to Pennsylvania. BB: You’ve been up to Pennsylvania? EB: Yes sure, give two meetings in Pennsylvania and two meetings in the city of Baltimore. BB: Well, thanks a lot. EB: Honey, have I been any help to you? BB: I think you have. EB: Have you? Do you? God bless you. (Gives a prayer) “Father in heaven, here’s a lovely, pretty boy. I’d give a billion dollars, God, if I could be like him. But it’s gone from us God. And now Lord we pray that as long as he lives let him remember the two old people, the Blackburn’s on the hill. Came in to have an interview with them and we wasn’t wise enough to give him much of an interview. After he leaves we’ll think of many things that happened to us that might have been amusing to him. I pray you will take good care of this little boy God, and make his successful in the world. Help him to be a Christian gentleman. Because if he gains the whole world and loses his soul, what would he give for that pearl of great price, which is his soul. Take good care of the little boy. In Jesus’s name we pray. Amen and amen. Bless you darling. You’re lovely.” End of interview 20 � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/4615ce05bbb84565ef0b344f0a035eb4.jpg 817b249715bed6fffbc7216c9a3995e5 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 244 Height 293 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/7cdc319b184689f75ef7c4c69e5fbddc.jpg de048c4d6d65cd672c31b574af86b508 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 235 Height 278 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Sound A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. Artist Blackburn, Edward (interviewee) Ballock, Bill (interviewer) Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:04, Reflects on Todd and Ashe County, 00:32, World War One Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Edward Blackburn, March 2, 1973 Subject The topic of the resource Blackburn, Edward (1893-)--Interviews Todd (N.C.)--History--20th century Todd (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Clergy--North Carolina--Todd--Biography Railroads--North Carolina--Todd--History--20th century Lumber trade--North Carolina--Todd--History--20th century Description An account of the resource Edward Eugene Blackburn was born on August 29, 1893 to Alex (b. 1852 – d. June 1, 1926) and Rhoda Howell Blackburn (b. February 12, 1856 – d. December 6, 1934). He was married to Ollie Clawson Blackburn (b. July 29, 1893 – d. June 1985). He grew up in the Todd community of Ashe County and served in the U.S. Army during the First World War with the 318th Field Hospital of the 80th Division. He experienced combat in France, which is briefly mentioned in the interview. Many affectionately knew him as “Brother Ed” or “Uncle .” The Reverend Ed Blackburn and his wife took over the leadership of The Tabernacle, a non-­‐denominational Holiness church across the hill from his childhood home. This church later became the Blackburn Community Church, was originally started by his father around 1910. His uncle was U.S. Congressman Edmond Spencer Blackburn (b. September 22, 1868 – d. July 21, 1912) who served in 1901-03 and 1905-­07. During the interview Ed Blackburn talks about growing up in rural Ashe County. Topics include explaining the rules to a game called “dare base,” and his experience working at a grist meal and laying railroad track as a young man. He also discusses the railroad in Todd, timber stripping, religion, and family. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2-Mar-73 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 20 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Document Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0"><Folder><name>OpenLayers export</name><description>Exported on Thu Oct 24 2013 13:40:14 GMT-0400 (Eastern Standard Time)</description></Folder></kml>||||osm Todd (N.C.) Ashe County childhood games Civil War folklore ministry railroad religion timber Todd Watauga County N.C. West Jefferson World War One