1 50 13 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/6fea2764da0a51cffc6bbb54b3ddd5f3.pdf e066c8695761f7b985d295249ebb8550 PDF Text Text Interview with Ruth South on October 15 ,".:. 1980, by Wade Hyder and Deloris Proffit. It was preformed at her house. Interviewer: With Ruth South from Meat Camp. Interviewer: I like find out something about the general history, you know, about weaving in the mountians, or about how you learned how to weave? Mrs. South: The way I started was-- I was working on the NYA now you know that was the national youth adminisration under President Roosevelt. That's back when there was no jobs, and not very many people went to school. It was only the---mostly the rich people and the ones that could worked t heir way through and the.re was not working places for everybody to go like there are now. And a --- so I was sixteen you had to be sixteen to get a job so I started working on the NYA and you worked two weeks and you stayed home two weeks. And you worked nine hours a week. Nine hours that would be eighteen--Did you turn the stove off? (directed toward her son) See we worked-Mike South: That's on tape Mamrna. Ruth South: And I think --anyway I made eighteen dollars that's the way it was. It was nine dollars a week instead of nine hours. We made eighteen dollars for two weeks. And then I stayed fiome so another girl could work. And she did the same job that I did whicn was when I first out I was. a time keeper and they had the--they had three, four different places. They had the college cafeteria where they canned the food that the boys grew and the girls canned it. And they had Green Heights they called it. That was the house belongs to -- belongs to Mr. Hodges up on Green Heights there in Boon~. That's where they made quilts. The girls went in and made quilts and they let the poor people have them for just the material cost, which was very little. And then out on the Bristol road a little ways, which we didn't go out there, they had another set up there. They made mattresses for people, you know, to go beds. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: They made handmade mattress's? They made hand made mattresses. Would that have been like down or---- Mrs. South: Cotton, they used cotton in it. Now I was out there a time or two and the girls would get up on that and just tromp, tromp~ tromp to get it padded down because they were hard now. Interviewer: Where did you say that was at? Mrs. South: That was out on the Bristol road about where Bue Hodge has his body shop. Right about there somewhere. And then they had of course the Watauga Handcraft center there where you did your weaving which was somehow connected enough with the state until they allowed her to have two girls working there. And I don't remember one of the girls was Irene Coffey, and I don't remember the other one. �2 Interviewer: Mrs. South: Who was running Watauga Industries? Elizabeth Lord, because she started it in 1938. Intervie~er: 1938 she started it? were 16 when you went to work? Mrs. South: Interviewer: So what would this have been when you 1940. 1940, oh well i'm not very ~ood at math. Mrs. South: Yeah, that was in 1940, because that was the year of the flood, year of the flood was the first year I worked there. Was that 40 or 41? Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: You hear of the forty flood. You haven't read about that? Oh, I've heard about all my life, I don't think I've ever read. Mrs. South: Yeah it was forty, 1940 I think. Well we worked that way awhile I had to do mine in walking I didn'~ _ have a car to drive. So I would go from Green Heights that's up above where Smitheys store is up on that hill. And I would walk down and go down by the crafts shop first and I'd get the girls time and take it down and it was very interesting to me and I'd look around. And then I'd go by the college cafeteria where the girls were warki~ g and I learned to meet a lot of people that way. And then I'd go back to Headquarters where I started. Well I learned that I had some time extra and if I went the other way around I could spend more time in that craft shop. So I started then down college street and came down by the cafeteria first and did that real quick. And then I went up Hardin Street up to the craft shop and I'd stay there till almost 4:30. And I liked the lady Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Getting there about when? Beg your pardon. Gettin~---getting there about when? Mrs. South: I'd stay there till about 4:30, just in time for me to get up to headquarters at 4:30, and get the time in. So. I learned to like the lady and she did me. And the place soon -- I mean it all soon fell through you know the money gave out. And there was no more of it-- no more of it anywhere. Interviewer: The whole NYA? Mrs. South: The whole NYA and the WPA now that was another thing that was going on at the same time was for older men. Because my father worked some on that and helped build some of the looms there in the craft shop. Interviewer: Oh really. �• I 3 Mrs. South: Well when the money gave out, natually it fell through. But times had picked up a little till people could get a few jobs. So I was going then in the dime store to put in an application for a job . When I meet up with this lady . And you know when it closed dovm I just didn't go back . So she asked me what I was going to do and I told her . And she said would you like to work for me at the same price that you ' re getting. And I said yes I would . And so I worked but it was steady work--it was all the time you know, not just two weeks . But they soon grew and they begin pating me more money, never alot of money but I was making instead of 9 dollars a week when I finally quit there I was making something like 75 dollars . Interviewer: What kind of a place was it then? a craft shop? Was it a weaving school or Mrs. South: Yes, yes it was a non-profit organization where she had a gift shop there where she tried to sell things for the people that made them . And you know, Interviewer: Like consignment work. Mrs . South: Like consignment most of it was on consignment. And when she sold something she was so tickled to write the person a check for that . And it grew to be a good money making place . I mean a place for-- to a benefit the community, you know, and not just for one person. That was the intention of the plac~ was to help all the people to make a little more income . Interviewer: Who bought most of the stuff? What was it people from the _ university or were there lots of people from outside the area? Mrs . South : In later years it wa-. But at first they were people up north, they called them the good Lutherans because they were the people that had given Miss Jeffcoate the money to buy the lot there. Interviewer: Miss Jeffcoate. She proceeded Elizabeth Lord? Mrs . South : No-- --UH-huh Yeah she did . And she----- she had paralysis and she never did weave much she was never married but she raised two daughters from uh-- they were Townsends and they were ·from the Lutheran church over in-What was the name of the place daddy? Austin South: Mrs. South : Interviewer : Valle Gruis . Yeah. Valle Gruis . Oh . Mrs. South: And she educated both those girls, Lois and Annie Alice and they're both school teachers now . Interviewer: idea? What was her interest in starting the place? Do you have any �4 Mrs . South : Just to help somebody . She just -- she wanted to do pomething to help . She herself had been a school teacher and then she had a stroke and it paralized let's see her left side . And then of course she got retirement you see and had money coming in to live on . There was no social security I ' m sure I doubt if she had enough to live on . She had a home, and then she just wanted to help somebody else . Interviewer: So it kinda started as a weaving school and then the whole NYA thing helped to ~~~~- Mrs . South: Yes it started first as just connnunity people coming in to weave and they would buy the thread . Miss Lord would, and just let the peopl~ . pay and that's the way it went on the NYA . There was never no charge for anybody weaving there . I don't know how much you paid. I don ' t know how much they charge now. Interviewer: Yeah, its still real good . Mr . Carlson's a wonderful man I think. Mrs . South : Yeah I think so . He doesn't need a great deal of money out of it either and I think he's trying to keep it a whole lot like ~~~~~- Interviewer : He still- --he lets--Our weaving teacher is Susan Sharp and he lets her, you know, he just wants the looms being used so he lets her give classes there. And try to have as many students as she can, to fill those 12 or 13 looms how ever many they are. Mrs. South : Interviewer: Mrs . South: Well that's good they should be in use . Well they are they are all in use ri~ht now. Well that's good. Interviewer : He doesn't take any kind of cut for the fee she gets for the classes. Re just lets her use the looms, So that traditon is still going . Mrs . South: Well that's good. They are not his anyway, they are like all other school equipment like these mobile buildings, you know, mobile units that they took to the school house, and they don't belong to any one individual you know, it's like the board of education or however they-- it's like any of the public schools . Interviewer: Yeah I see . Mrs . South: Those looms and that building now is the same thing because the state paid so much of Miss Lords salary 1/4 of it and the 3/4 she made in the shop. And they paid 1/4 of mine after I got up and could do more and could help out more . Interviewer: I see . So back in the forties and the state was helping to keep that place going so that for the craft purpose so that weaving could be preserved or? �.. 5 Mrs. South: Yes, and still to help the people like there's a lot of people now--now like Stella Barnes over here-- he (Austin South) was just at her house and delivered her some saugasge. She used to work as a~--- in the dormitory at the college. Then later her husband got sick, she needed to be at home with him and she wanted to learn how to weave. So she could go there and learn and just pay for her--- the material she made. And I don't know she ah-- shes a real young lady now--- she's past 70 I'm sure, but its amazing what she weaves. Interviewer: Un-Huh. She does beautiful things. Mrs. South: Yeah she does. And she goes to the fair. She goes to the Southern Living Show. She belongs to the Southern Highland Guild, and she goes there and now that her husband's gone she's still, you know, able to help herself. Interviewer: So you started working with Miss LOrd then--- then you learned how to weave or? Mrs. South: Oh yes, yes. That was the first thing I did was learn how to weave so I could help the other weavers. The new ones that came in. And what they did we tried to keep all the looms busy all the time and ah-- the policy was you must come enough consective days to finish the project that you were working on. Like she would not let you start a covelet if you didn't plan to come on and finish that cause that takes several days. But people were very good to come and finish , but a lot of the times they wouldn't come back to get their things. Interviewer: Just leave them for the shop to sell? Mrs. South: Un-huh. And of course Miss Lord never did do that. We always we had little scales and we weighted and some of the threads was only 3 cents an ounce I remember and a guest towel might be 6 cent s. They would be a little more charged for the pattern that went in it than the plain, you know ~ And a guest towel would be 6 cents. Of course that's not today I'll tell yo u. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Oh boy. Linen in 17 dollars a pound now. Whew----- Yeah Are you doing Linen? No I haven't tried it yet. I tried wool today for the _first time. Mrs. South: You need to come back and finish that piece you worked on down there. Cause I've never touched it. Interviewer: Mrs. South: came out. Interviewer: Mrs. South: I'd be glad to. I uncovered it here sometime back to show to Dr. Mc Gallion that Have you much time to do weaving lately? I've made what 2 covelets since I got out of camp Daddy? And right �6 now this past week I've been working on some curtains like this for our daughter that's moving into a new house, only they go all the way down, the lace goes all the way down. Interviewer: That's real pretty. Mrs. South: And I'm doing that of linen. But I had some and then mamma went in and got me a pound from Mr. Carlson the other day. So there's (points to bedspread) one bedspead I've been working on at night. And of course you saw the ones that they had up at the college didn't you. Interviewer: You had lots of pretty things there. Mrs. South: Well now my neice is going to have an exhibit. Its going up in December. I don't think it'll be open to the public until Janurary. But it'll run for a month I think. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Where is this at? In the same building. Farthing. Un-huh. I see. So your neice is a weaver too. Mrs. South: Un- huh. Toni carlton you may know her. Do you know her? She graduates what was it last spring. And she's going to have ~ a bed there that she made. She made her own loom. And then of course she's does modern weaving. Interviewer: And you do the traditional? Mrs. South: Un-huh. And she'll have some modern things there that's she has made. So it'll probably be interesting for you to go there and see that. Interviewer: Yeah, I'd like to see that. They--How many looms did they have when you started down there with Watauga industries? Mrs. South: Ithink about 12. I couldn't say that,you know, for an exact figure but I believe it was twelve. Interviewer: Well just general. And what kind of fibers did you work with then? Mrs. South: Linen. We used a lot of linen then. I don't think they use quite as much linen now. And of course we used a lot of home spun wool. Now that blue covelet that you saw up at the Farthering was home spun wool. And a lot of the women in the community made covelets. The material was 2 dollars a pound. It took 3 pounds of material to make one covelet and the fringe. Now that didn't count the little extra tabby that goes through, you know, between your pattern but now I don't know if you can get that home spun wool dyed like we got it. Now you might be able to get it. No~ I think over at Mouth of Wilson �7 they have it undyed tha t you can dye yours e lf. Interviewer: Dorothy Townsend has some that, you know, she spuned as used those natural dyes on them. But they are all--- I keep looking but the scanes are, you know, so small that you could make somehting but you could go to a lot of trouble. Mrs. South: Yeah a lady brought me up some samples. I guess they must have been 12 or 15 different colors beautiful colors that she had dyed. Interviewer: So you've worked with homespun wool7 Mrs. South: Yes I've worked with it, I've woven with it. I spun some one time. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: I've never dyed it. Did you? Un-huh. Did you like doing that? Did I like to? Do you like spinning? Mrs. South: I loved that. I was just about 16 through. And my grandmother West and I spun enough--- Well actually a lady in that community where I lived then helped me spin it and then my grandmother dyed it and knitted me a pair of gloves and each finger was a different color. Interviewer: Mrs. South: that. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Oh. Cause you get a lot of di f ferent colors or we did when she dyed Depending on how many times you dip it? Dip in the dye, yeah. Interviewer: You were saying that went from up above Smitheys around to your job. Is that where you--- You grew up in Boone? In tgown~~~ Mrs. South: Interviewer: Well up on Deck Hill. You know where that is? No. Mrs. South: You go out by where the Unemployment of fice is now. are building the new shopping center. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Where they Yeah all right. Yeah all right. You go out that way and instead of going right up �8 Winkler creek you go strignt up the hill . Interviewer : Mrs. South: Interviewer: 0 . K. I know where Deck Hill is. And a lot of times I walked all the way from home . Did you go to at-- --? Mrs. South : I went to school at cool springs through the seventh grade and then I went to the eight at Blowing Rock. We were nearer Blowing ,.Rock schoo~ than we were Boone at that time . Interviewer: So you went to High School at Blowing Rock? Mrs . South : Un- huh, Then I went to night school at Boone after I started working for Miss Lord. You know, they had night school back during the war. When people had to work during the day . Interviewer : Austin South: Interviewer: I see . What about Berea? What were you studying at night school? Mrs. South : I took a business course . I never used it to much, I think I've gotton a lot of good out of the math that I took and of the writing . But the snorthand and typing I've never done much with that . And then each year I would goto school either over at Pendelum or Berea one. I was in Berea the year I got engaged to him. And lets see how long was I there, 3 weeks . Austin South: 3 weeks . Mrs . South: And I always enjoyed the places cause I always, you know, got to make things . Interviewer : You studied weaving at both Pendelun and Berea? Mrs . South: Yes un- huh. I did some wood work at Berea . I did a little chest. and then at Pendelum I did some Pewter work. I made some pewter candle sticks . Interviewer : Mrs . South: Oh . But mostly it was weaving. Interviewer : What was Pendulum like then in the sense of people who were .going there to learn crafts . I said just because its so expensive now. Mrs. South : It was a lot like it was at the craft shop over here. It was a lot the same way because they were helping their community people too . I think its very expensive now . And of course you stay there now and of course we �9 stayed there. They had rooms like dormitories and it didn't cost very much for us to stay for 2 or 3 weeks. We'd go f rom 2 or maybe 3 weeks when--like when it was a dull time at the craft shop over here. Interviewer: Yeah. Mrs. South: And she would take me with her and I really enjoyed it. it was about .the only place I really got to go. Interviewer: Caus e How long did you work at the craft shop? lfrs. South: I worked 18 · year with her and then she got sick. What year was it daddy about 58 I believe. She got sick she had cancer and had an operation but she still wanted to go back and work part time so I went .and tried to pitch in for her until she got able to go back. But really she never did get able to go back. So when she passed away in 61, then the place was up. Miss Jef fcoate was still living and she wanted me to take it and run it. But I was trying to, you know, help educate our children and help him out a little. So I needed to ma~e more money--- I needed a way tnat I knew I could have some money every month. Instead of, you know, Interviewer: Mrs. South: got it. Interviewer: The risk. The risk of making it myself there. How long has she been gone? So that's when Mrs. Carlson Did she pass away? Mrs. South: I heard them talking up at the camp this summer when she passed away. Do you remember daddy? Austin South: No I don't. Mrs. South: It was about 65. It was not to long after Miss Lord passed away I think around 65. I'm sure you wouldn't want to ask ~r. Carlson. But I think it wa s around then. Interviewer: Mrs. South: And Mr. Carlson's had it ever since Un- huh, He's kept it. Interviewer: Tha t's great. know if you know her? Mrs. South: Interviewer: t~en? :.~o, That's great. Sandy his grand-daughter--I don't but mamma does. She's real interested, a real good weaver too. She's real good. Mrs. South: Mama likes her. She went over to teach her to tie fringe and she likes her. She said she was nice. Mr. Carlson's been real nice to my mother to take her weaving and sell it. And he sells a lot f or her. �10 Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Whats her name? Her name is Nellie Carlton. 0. K. I've meet her too. Mrs. South: Now what about this movie that 's coming up this Friday night. afi- What's---The American Herion-- How you say that I can't---- - Interviewer: Mrs. South: see that. Interviewer: Herion Un-huh. That's going to be shown this Friday night and you should What's that about? Mrs. South: It's about the well not only mountain women but she a ---Stella Stevens made it and she made a lot of pictures of a weaving here. Interviewer: Oh really. Mrs. South: And other things. And then also it has other people, you know, from Hew York and California and all its a way of life of a lot of people from a lot of places. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Austin South: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Yeah, American Beroion. So a--- And it will be shown in the Greer. Did I say the Greer? The Greer Autotorian. Autototian on Friday night beginning at 9:00. Uh--That would be nice to see. Yeah you should see that. I hope she's a ---- Is your mother in it? Mrs. South: Yes my mother's in it and Toni is in it. And I believe Stella Barnes over here is in it and Kathren Smith the Art teacher that was at the college for so long. She'll be in it. And I really don't know there's some other people from up on Meat Camp in it too, but I'm sure. Do you know anything about it Deloris? Deloris: No. Interviewer: When did you get your own loom? Mrs. South: When I got my own loom was a When did we go-- when did I go to Bevard with you Austin? And we married in 45 in August and was it that spring? �11 Austin South : Yeah . Mrs . South : Of suprise for me. Interviewer: 4~ . That Miss Lord had my father make me a loom. It was a Oh how nice. Mrs . South: But and but she - -- he was a person that he- - - he did real good work didn't he daddy? But he was out a working all the time and he never thought and I never thought really how important it would be for me to have a loom of my own. Because certainly I could never go out and buy the looms at the price they are . But she had him make me one . And that was the big one that was right behind the one that you worked on. Now he helped make that one that you worked on . Interviewer : That was neat . And so did you start selling things in the shop? Or did you first start marketing? Mrs . South : Yeah , right along then . She had me put-- . I said what should I put on my loom and of course she had me do it up, you know, she said I think it would be nice to put on a 18 inch warp and do runners and towels . I could do runners and towels and placemats and napkins all on that same width . Interviewer: Width . Mrs . South: And so I moved that loom around . I had it up at his house in the bedroom and he later moved it upstairs for me and then when we moved into this house we had it back in that room over there . And then eventually we moved it down in the garage and that ' s where it stayed. But I use to use-weave off and I ' d go up there to put my warps on . Now he made me a thing here I have the whole apparatus to do my own warping here. Interviewer : Oh he did, and he made that, the warper? Mrs. South : He made that for me, uh-huh, but I used to have to carry it up there . And I ' d weave 3 110 yards warps every year. Interviewer : Boy, that ' s a lot of weaving Three 110 yard warps . were still working with the 18 inch? And you Mrs . South : No, no now after I did this one 18 inch warp, and then she said You know, I think you could make the most money on a 36 inch warp on your loom and make aprons . I could make skirts, and I could make runners to with hemming the ends of fringing the ends and hemming the sides . And theres still many things you can do on one loom . But she said the material for the aprons would-- would be less expensive than the linen which I was using on the 18 inch loom. Interviewer : Right . Mrs . South: And I don ' t know . Austin ' s mother she use to help me hem the strings and help me watch the children . We had 3 little ones and he was away working . And she said I know you must have everybody in the United States an �12 apron now. And I'm sure she felt like it cause I made a lot didn't I Austin? Austin South: Interviewer: Yeah. What did you use for the apron? What kind of material? Mrs. South: We used what they called a sea island mercerized which last almost as long as linen but ah it was just a highly mercerized cotton. Interviewer: What does that mean? What does Mercerized mean? Mrs. South: Mercertized that means that it is spun and spun and spun more times adn twisted tighter. Interviewer: I see into a tougher fiber. Mrs. South: And some of it really has a shine ta it. Like its been polished or dipped in dye or something, out its only by the spinning of it. Interviewer : Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: I see. That makes it. What does worsted mean on wool? Worsted, I think you 've got me there. I'm not quite sure. It might just be something about the lanolin or something. Mrs. South: It is and its something about the twist of it I'm sure. the homespun ah-- we know what that was. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Explain that process. Now How would-- How would somebody get that? Do homespun wool? Yeah. Mrs. South: 0. K. You took the wool, the raw wool which ah-- Mr. Hodgeson up here above you all used to buy it they said from the people and ah--then he'd sell it to companies, you know, where they made it . You take the raw wool, you wash it first . Then you card it, card it first . You get all the twigs and anything, the spots anything that's in it out. And with the cards you make it into a little role. And then you pack those roles up. I've seen my grandmother West have a pack as high as this here. And they'll lie right together you see but it won't mash together. But th~y would never fall over. And then she'd get her spinning wheel up by it. And you take one of those roles which was about 12 inches long and you start with your spinning wheel and then as you spin you take another one and it catches right into the end of this one as this is twisting around it'll catch into the one that you have in your hand. And that's the way they do the homespun. Now the worsted- they- I don't know what. They must do something with a machine with that. �13 Interviewer: It's not that important I'm sure I could look it up. I just saw it on a packet of thread . I just started working on, and I wandered what it meant. Mrs . South : Yeah, I think that's something that they are doing with a machine to it the worsted . Interviewer: Mrs . South: I see. Oh I love END OF SIDE 1. Uh- What fibers do you like to use most now? �14 SIDE 11 Mrs. South: I've never tried to dye any, its easier to buy it. Interviewer: Yeah. Also since you're such a good weaver why spend your time doing something like that. Ah---I'm just real vauge on this but I know you had a real honor in this last year with one of your pieces, didn't you get some kind of a recognition? Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer : Yes. What was that? Let me show it to you. What was the award? I'll show you. To modest to say? Mrs. South~ A work of excellence; which I was really pleased with that as much as the money that was in it. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Carolina Designer Craftsman award for a work of Excellence. Now they only gave one for the whole state. Oh really, that's great. Un-huh. I was really tickled with it. When did you get that? In April of this year. Well that's great. Mrs. South: I look terrible there. ( She showed us a book with her picture and the award winning covelet in it.) So look at the covelet and not me. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Oh, that's pretty. That's the picture they made of it that night. Did you do the lace too? No, my mother tied the lace, I can't take credit for that. Do you know how to do lace? I know how and I have a rack that my father made me before he �15 died, and I've got some dark brown yarn that I 'm going to learn on. I think if I, you know, do some soil of something or, you know, you can wear it out trying to learn. I'm going to try to do it myself,because I do want to learn to before, you Rnow, while she's still living. But she does tie pretty fringe. Interviewer : Mrs. South: Interviewer: really nice. What's this pu°blication? That's the whole show ~ 42th annual North Carolina Art and Artists expedition. That's Mrs. South: Yes, I 'd had an invitation, I guess they got my name through the guild probably. I have belonged to the guild since in a----I believe---in probably the middle forties. Interviewer: The southern highland? Mrs. South: Un-huh. I 've got an invitation every year. did get around to getting anything in . Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer : Mrs. South: Interviewer: But I just never Is this the first year you've ever submitted? That's the first time. That's the first time you submitted? Yes it was. Oh boy, you must just ------ Mrs. South: And ah--- so when I went up to get the award this lady came up to me and she------ of course you feel out a blank, you know, if you want the gallery to sell it or if you don't want it sold. You put a not for sell on it. So this lady ran up to me as I went down the steps and she said now I want to buy that covelet, and of course I was ' all shook up anyway and I said I don't know about that, it 's here at the gallery now and I said they're supposed to sell it, you know, and they 've got there commission and she said well that's all right I 'm with the gallery. So I want it and she did. The covelet was sold already before I got over there. But then here is her letter even. I saved it . Interviewer : Mrs. South: Interviewer : Miss Lord? The Whigrose pattern? Un-huh. Is that the one ------~ Did you learn that e~~ly on with Mrs . South: Yes, we did a whig rose. It was not exactly like mine. If you ~ notice the blue one that was hanging up there, was one that I did at the craft shop in 19.40, or probably 41. And it was a little smaller design than the one �16 I made here. Interviewer: Someone was telling me, I can't remember who it was~ how Ruth South made her whig rose . You round out your whig rose a little bit more or something you did yourself to the pattern . Mrs . South: Yes. Mine's different from Mr. Godwins. Now they say the old ones were like his. They were kindly long shaped. But the only covelets I've ever seen, and we had one that was about a hundred year old there at the craft shop, made in two colors. And it was fairly round. Interviewer: They were really impressed with something you'd done . I don't know if it was in the pattern ah--you know, the treadling · ? Mrs. South: Yeah, the treadling now that little loom that was setting there. I made that pattern that was on that. Now it's just like this only its a smaller I just took out threads now and then and made it smaller . Interviewer: With a-----Did you learn most of the traditional patterns themselves, like the whig rose and honeysuckle like those at Watauga handcrafts? Mrs . South: Yes, yes. ~ow I have books with all the patterns in it. Mary Hardin down at Lily mills, I've bought so much thread, gave one by Margaret Graham, I believe, one of the better books with all the patterns in it . But you know I've never used one of them. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Oh really. I just stick to the old ones. What are your favorite patterns? }!rs. South: Oh my favorite one is the whig rose. And of course sweet brair beauty is what I had on my apron loom so long. Now that's a pretty pattern too. Interviewer: What did you like for the towels? Mrs . South: The towels I had sweet brair beauty. And ah--- one time I did put two no I had another loom that I put another towel warp on and single snowball on it. Interviewer: I saw some of your placemats with yarn that you did snowball on it at Watauga handcrafts. I was going to get you to go Mrs . South: Yeah that's what I've got on - - pick me up that loom tonight Mike, of all the looms I've got I still go up to the camp and borrow one of their looms . Interviewer: Mrs. South: ~ . _._., ., . ,., _, ' , What do you do at camp Yonahlossee? I teach weaving to the girls? - .. ,. - .; ~·· ·- .. ~- ' ..... ·-1 ( : 1 I' " ,-· , .. ',. ' ~ - i.. ':. ,7 .- ( ~ . J l �17 Interviewer : Is that an all girls camp? Mrs. South : Un-huh, it's an all girls camp . 214 girls . All the time . Interviewer : And this year they had around All of them learn? Mrs. South : Most of them most of them . I usually try to, well I get everyone that wants to at all. Now there ' s a few that brin~ there on horses up and thats about all they want to do. Well ther ' s a few that like to go sailing and swimming. And of course they swim there and they go to Watauga Lake and sail Well they don't do much weaving. Interviewer: Then there's some that get real interested in reading. Mrs . South : Yeah some of them get real interested . Now this year I had a helper that was a camper with me for about six or seven years . And she wove a lot every year, she was very interested in it . And she wants a loom. And by the way her mother taught weaving there as a couseler several years ago and her father is a doctor . Let ' s see he's a I forget if he's a neurosurgeon or a heart doctor . But she wants a loom sometime, when she gets through school . Interviewer : Mrs . South: Interviewer : How many looms do you have up there to work with? Twelve . Twelve . Mrs. South: Un-huh . Seems like twelve is a good number, because twelve is what the Caldwell community college required me to have here . Interviewer: Mrs . South : Interviewer : You taught for Caldwell community college? Un-huh . Did you use the Watauga Handcrafts? Mrs. South : No I didn't use any of there looms, because I have five down here and I had my father had made mamma and me one together and then I borrowed one of her others- was seven and then: ,I got the rest from the camp. Interviewer: How many looms does your mother have? Mrs. South : She has one of her own. A big one like mine my father made for her. Then she has one that Miss Lord gave me for her to use as long as she wasnted it. Interviewer: Mrs . South: Interviewer: Did she get interested in weaving after you did? Yes . That's interesting. �18 Mrs. South: Yes. My mother use to tie fringe for the knotted bedspreads. And she would pull roots and herbs, she would pull galax and things like that and she did some hooking like hooked rugs, hooked chair backs and hot mats for the table. She did that for a long time. And Miss Lord asked her one day, you know, there was a requirement for students there then, just like with Susie with her weaving. If the state paid so much of her salary then they had to be so many students being taught all the time and so that's why we tried to keep all the looms busy. And a--- so Miss Lord said, you should get your mother to weave. So I asked my mother about it she said well will you teach me? I said no you got to get Miss Lord to teach you cause she'll teach you the right way. She was a good teacher. Interviewer: Was she, I've heard that. Mrs. South: So she did go a time or two, you know, then after she got her own loom while I usually do. There's one thing she don't like to do is tie up the looms if a string breaks or something like that. She don't like to do that. And then eventually, Miss Lord of course, we were needing another student and she said why don't you get your aunt to weave so my aunt Fatta, my mother's sister weaves too. And they have taken Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Your sister weaves to doesn't she? Yeah, My sister can weave. She has dark hair doesn't she? Mrs. South: Yeah. She worked there at the craft shop for a long time. Yeah she can weave and my other baby sister can weave, out they didn't like to as much as I did. Interviewer: Your aunt is a weaver too? Mrs. South: Yeah my aunt is a good weaver. She's a very good weaver. She came over just a couple of weeks ago and put a warp on her loom. Well now she and my mother took over a lot of my orders. When I started working at the camp I quit doing a lot of orders that I always did and so they took those over for me. Especially the aprons. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Did they make the aprons that we have at Watauga handcrafts? Un-huh. They sure did. Are they linen? Mrs. South: No now those ate the mercertized. aprons. But Miss Lord thought We still do the mercertized 0 Interviewer: What about the linen placemats and stuff, do they weave a lot of that stuff? Mrs. South: Yes, my mother weaves a lot of linen and I'm doing linen in the �19 curtains I'm doing for Teresa. Pause in tape Mrs. South: Interviewer: And what have you been making? I've got work with cotton. Pause in tape Mrs. South: same thing. And you've got to, you know, . be able to fill orders, and do the They want the same thing. Interviewer: Just people saw your stuff and started asking you could you make me one? That kind of thing? Mrs. South: Yeah that happens a lot of times especially while I was working the re. They'd come in and see something in the selve maybe I had done. I put weaving in there while I was working there. Interviewer: Un-huh. Mrs. South: Or maybe that. someone else had done but they wanted a different color or a different size or something like that, and I've done a lot of special orders. I don't like to do special orders as well as I do just like if my guild shop, see there's five of them and if I keep them supplied with aprons. They say send me three dozen aprons they say a dozen and half o f the colonial patterns and they say a dozen and a half of strips. We make them with four different colored strips. You've. probably seen them there at the craft shop. Well you know that's a lot easier to. You can make say four or five at a time of one color which cuts down on your time if you're go i ng into it for production. Interviewer: Right. Mrs. South:But it would be nice just to sit down and make something and just, you know, not know what you're going to make, not know what's going to come out. I'm going to do that sometime. Just, you know, make up a new pattern and see what I can make. Interviewer: It's just real f un to do. Mrs. South: I know its really, its a lot like a painting you don't know just how its going to look, until you get it painted. Interviewer: What makes you like weaving so much? Mrs. South: Well I guess its because its about all I've ever done, except what little housekeeping, Mike knows thats not much of course I used to sew I did sewing for the kids and always £or myself. I've always made all our clothes until , I don't know there's still as many hours in a day as there ever was but somehow they get gone faster or I've got a lot slower one. �20 Interviewer: The wood and the pewter didn't do that much for you? Mrs. South: No, no that didn't. I enjoy just doing that and I made a silver bracelet once. I enjoyed doing it and I also made a stencil dress. I liked that a little. Interviewer: Stencil Dress? Mrs. South: Un-huh. You cut out your own stencil you made your ovm design, and they had paints and then you set it with white vinegar and I liked that quite a lot but still not as much as weaving. And I guessed that I liked it because, you know, I could make a little money at it, I've never made a lot of money but it was a way I could make a little and be at home with the family. Interviewer: That's a nice situation. You say youstarted at the craft shop, people would have seen your things, creating a demand for them, then was like the next stage starting at the craft guild? Mrs. South: Yes, that was a good thing, in helping me sell my things, because once I got in the guild, you know, you submit your things and they know what you make and they like it and then they order it and they have it in their shops and I've never had anything that I didn't sell that I couldn't sell. In fact I've ne~er made anything much to keep at home. Like I did make a couple of these curtains about 25 years ago the -----. Ones suppose to te in the other room but I've got it down right now. And maybe a bath mat in the bathroom. And one time I did make some curtains for a bedroom which I got a thread from, it was somewhere in Ohio. And it lt!aS very cheap; it was fifty cents a pound. And it was beautiful it had a gold metallic through it and a those were real pretty. I used those for years and years and now my sister!s using them in her room. But I've never made a lot of things for myself. Interviewer: Did the craft guild take---Did they take just a real big percentage or was it nothing? Mrs. South: Fifty percent. Do you think that's big? That's big used to most of the shops only took forty, they _gave you sixty and that was a lot better. But I guess that's one reason that I don't break my neck to weave a lot anymore. Now I've got demands for that lace that you liked, you were doing. They are writing me from all those guild shops all the time when are you going to do us some of that lace. Well I could be down there doing that instead of doing those curtains for Tereasa. But it just don't mean that much to me anymore. Its not that I've got that much money but I don't have too, and I got more for it I'd probably be more inticed to do it and still I know that they have to make something. But it seems like thats alot. Interviewer: I guess that was what I was wandering about. how you felt about the guild? How, you know, -· �21 Mrs . South : Now Mr. Carlson is really good about mamma . He pays maITllna a lot better percentage than' she gets when I send fier stuff to the guild . You see I sell their stuff through me so I have to inspect it and see that I have no fear ever that they don ' t come up with my standards. Cause I would be kicked out of the guild, you know, if I sent something that didn ' t come up . Interviewer: Do you think the guild ------------ Do you think people could market their stuff without something like a guild? Mrs . South: I think that a lot of them get to where they do now . know of one. Mike South: years ago . I think you could now. I don ' t I don ' t think you could ten, fifteen ~~rs. South: No that's right. You ' re right Mike. You couldn ' t then people had to I used to have to depend on it . I mean I just had to because I needed to - - - - - Mike South: There was no other market . Mrs. South: I didn't have time to get out and market my stuff . And , you know, I was going to get the money out of it when I got it made. Cause when I'd put the money into the thread I knew I had to get something out . So that its just a little it seems like its a litt~e t g much cause that ' s a non-profit place too . They don't pay any government taxes and now they ' ve built this new folk arts center , which is a beautiful place and they have beautiful things in it and after us giving fifty percent of our stuff we make, they asked for a donation for it. That's why I gave them the book instead of weaving something for them . So somebody is making some money I ' m sure. Interviewer : Mrs . South : Interviewer : Un-huh makes you wander? Un-huh makes you wander where it goes . I ' ve heard other people remark ---- ----- Mrs . South: I know one person that got out of the guild. Now down here Carlos my neighbor, he's dying to get in it and I ' m wandering how long he ' s going to stay in it, because he likes to market his stuff himself . They just came from a show in Mt. Airy. Interviewer: He ' s the potter? Mrs. South: Un-huh, he's the potter . Now Deloris you should make an appointment with him and talk with him now hes new here. He's not from this area. And maybe you don ' t maybe its just this area that you're working on . Interviewer: How did you get in contact with him? �22 Mrs. South : He was in school here . And my husband worked at New River Light and Power. You know, well they always in the summertime hired some of the school children for part-time work so he helped him. And he was married · when he came here and they ¥ ere going to have a little baby and they lived 1 in a little trailor . And Austin was building that little house down there. And Austin took a liking to him and '•Te had him out for Christmas. nis wife after the baby came, his parents sent her the money to fly to Florida so they could see the baby and he didn't go. We had him out for Christmas and ·he wanted to help Austin finish that place so he could rent it and then it went on and on and we finally sold him a little spot there. So he has his own shop . Interviewer: How long has he been here? Mrs. South : How long two years? Mike South : Two and a half . Mrs. South : But he's a real nice fellow, nice quite man. Interviewer: How did you get to know Janice Whitner? Mrs . South: Well let ' s see, . how did I get to know ner. It seems like I ' ve known her for a long, long time, and where did I first ~eet her . Probably at the craft shop and then she begin coming out here. She ' s a lovely person isn't sbe? Interviewer: Mrs . South: Sne is, she's dynamite. Sne really is, she ' s so smart. I like her a lot . Interviewer : So much of your weaving that you sell now, your orders are where people call you and ask you for things? Mrs . South: Yes. Now with my mats I sell, Betsy Morell out at, it used to be Country House but now its Green Mansion out on 105 just above the potter place the kilt room. Interviewer: Yeah. Mrs. South: Country Villiage, and she ' s in the middle and she sells all of my mats, that I make. And sometimes I make three and four hundred during the winter. Interviewer : That's a bunch. Mrs. South : But you see I don't do as much weaving now as I used to since I teach up at camp three months during the summer and then I'm up there a couple of weeks doing up the looms. Interviewer: Mrs . South: Do you like teaching? Yes, yes I like the children. I love the children. �23 Interviewer: What was the lady's name, the other weaver that used to live out here years ago? Mrs. South: That I just mentioned a while ago, Lulu Ragan . Interviewer: Yeah Lulu Ragan . And she lived on Upper Neat Camp? Mrs. South: I guess you call that Jefferson highway don't you Micheal? Mike South : Un-huh. Mrs . South : It's on out toward Todd. Interviewer: Route 194. Mrs . South: Yeah 194 . was not in her.e . I hope I didn't get my books · - -- - -- now her picture PAUSE IN TAPE. (picked up talking about teaching for Caldwell) Mrs. South: I did enjoy it. But the thing is, it kept I couldn't weave . But I may do it again . Interviewer: ~y looms tied up and How long did you teach over there . Mrs. South: A couple of winters wasn't it Mike? Mike South: Two winters . Mrs . South: I did it down here. Interviewer : nice. Oh right here. In your garage. People came up here. Oh that's Mike South: They were tied up year round that way, you taught at camp in the summer and Caldwell in the winter. Mrs . South : Interviewer: Un-huh, you see that way I didn't ever get to weave any. That ' s no fun. Mrs . South : Cause here in the winter time and just as soon as my class was over in the spring it was time for me to go up there. So it was six years that I didn ' t weave on my covelet loom. Carol Deal, Dr. Will Deal at the University now, he- --his wife made a beautiful one for a king size bed, I did a lot of extra work for her to do that . But I was not doing anything else, I mean that was just something I could be doing while I was teaching the class. What we had to do was we made two strips with the border on this side then we had to take the border off and make a middle strip, but that was really beautiful it was prettier than where the seem goes down the middle, cause it came down the sides and looked more like it was supposed to be. �2. Interviewer: So you went ahead and clipped those warp threads or tied them up. Mrs. South: I didn't clip them. I had to take them out of the heddles through cause once you take threads out if you just leave them hanging in the heads they're going to get tangled up and break. So what I did was I took out so many sections and put tape on it just like I was putting on a new warp if you've seen that done and then take it back to the back and let her go ahead and do her piece and then latter brought it back in to the border. Interviewer: That's a lot of work through. Mrs. South: That was extra work because I brought it a mistake in it. I had taken out one thread more and What I did was I thought I was marking the pattern on I should start but I had one extra thread out. I had cause it didn't look good. Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: ~rs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: Mrs. South: Interviewer: in one time and I had I'd mismarked my pattern. my draft right where to go back and fix it You have to read those right to left to don't you? Un-huh, f ight from left. Did you teach your neice? Toni? Yeah. No. Where did she learn at? She did that at the college. Now she's going to have her own show. Mrs. South: Yeah, she's goinr to have her own show and she's doing~~~~~ She did a piece for P. B. Scotts. I don't know if you've been out there. Interviewer: Yeah. Mrs. South: Well she did that wall hanging there. And now she's yeah up there the other day I don't know if you was there Interviewer: doing~~~­ There's a wall hanging in Pepper's I remember. Mrs. South: Well she might have one up there too. Mike South: Yeah she does. Mrs. South: And right now she's doing somethinE for a lady that's--- the price --~~~­ is $18QO for two panels and its somehow, she's an art teacher too, the lady is. �She wants it to keep the cold out and its a room divider and its all different colors and of course sne lays these colors in, like, you know. I have done a little of that weaving . Interviewer: Off loow weaving? Mrs . South: No she's doing this on the loom in 36 inch strips And I believe it was ninety inches ea ch strip was . Something like you see y~u pull in probably from 36 to 30 so she'll be doing 3 strips for each side of it. Interviewer: Mrs. side that have I see. South: And one side somehow matches the one room over here and this matches th~ room over here in color . So there ' s going to be a piece of hanging in the gallery so you must go and see that. See what all we there. PAUSE IN TAPE (picked up talking about chair bottoms) Interviewer: Mrs . South: interviewer : That's neddlepoint? · Yerah, , rrow th'is is -wool. Oh that's pretty . Mrs. South : What I got was like in a k.it, it was laid off like in numbers, and numbered for the colors. Interviewer: With this linen warp and linen, weave thing. up that way with linen warp? Mrs . South: Interviewer: Were many looms set No not very many. But a few towel looms and stuff? Mrs . South: Un-huh. Now Dare Strother, have you heard of her, over at Cove Creek, she always put linen on her warps, always. ( showed us some of her work and other works . ) Now this is a piece that Dr. Marge Ferris did, and I've got to let her come back and do some napkins to go with it . Now this was made on the same loom that I'm making Teresa's . Interviewer : That's a nice weave . Mrs. South : Now linen, they say never show linen to yo ur best friends till its laundried. And this hasn't been laundried . It will feel a lot softer like that ( Showed us another piece . ) I just washed that the other day I didn't---I dryed it in the dryer it had gotten so soiled. I just kept it for a sample, but I didn't iron it . Now that will be much prettier and softer when its ironed . But linen is one thing you can't get away with like this here-- that's why people like this �2' thread better-- because you can wash it, throw it in the dryer a few minutes and its go--ready to go. But this you 've got to iron . Interviewer : Yeah . That 's true . How--What--How do you think--What about the history of weaving in the mountains? Did people make looms do you think? Mrs . South: Yes, they do. Weaving at one time was just about, you know, unheard of here. Maybe a few people like Miss Ragan had one of the old looms, like Mr. Carlson gave to the college over there. Have you seen that big one ? Interviewer : Yeah . Mrs . South: I used to weave on that. As a matter of fact I 'm not sure that that towel was not made on that loom. Cause I made a lot of towels on that. What Miss Lord would let me do was put on a warp and when I had free time I waited for my father a lot he worked in town and when I would ride home and go home which was most of the time unless it was real bad. And I 'd be waiting on him and I wanted something to do . So she would let me have a warp on a loom and I'd weave on it. This is some napkins that I think I made up at camp one time with the lace center . Now these need washing to before anybody should see them. Interviewer: Mrs . South : with it. Interviewer : Those are pretty . Natural . What's that color called? This is the natural linen . Now do you see anything wrong No . Mrs . South: This was one year when it was about the first year that thread got so high and I was trying to save money for camp so I used half cotton and half mercerized END OF SIDE 11. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Hyder, Wade Deloris Proffit Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. South, Ruth Interview Date 10/15/1980 Number of pages 26 pages Date digitized 9/24/2014 File size 15.6MB Checksum alphanumeric code b28169ac9b6f7646ad5fbdd8b21b8121 Scanned by Tony Grady Equipment Epson Expression 10000 XL Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal; non-commercial; and educational use; provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965-1989; W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection; Special Collections; Appalachian State University; Boone; NC). Any commercial use of the materials; without the written permission of the Appalachian State University; is strictly prohibited. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived AC.111 Appalachian Oral History Project Records; 1965 - 1989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape492_RuthSouth_transcript_M Title A name given to the resource Interview with Ruth South [January 10, 1976] Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hyder, Wade Proffit, Deloris South, Ruth Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Floods--North Carolina--Watauga County Mountain life--North Carolina--Watauga County--History--20th century Appalachians (People)--North Carolina--Watauga County Community life--North Carolina--Watauga County--History--20th century South, Ruth Description An account of the resource Ruth South talks about working with the NYA (National Youth Administration) under Roosevelt's New Deal policy and the classes she took on weaving. She has been weaving with homespun wool her whole life and sees homemade crafts as a very important part of life. It is certainly an integral part of the mountain community life during the early twentieth century. South also took classes in wood-working at Pendelum and Berea. 1940 flood Berea Blowing Rock Boone camp Yonahlossee Carolina Designer Craftsman crafts Deck Hill Green Heights homespun wool Meat Camp North Carolina art and artist expedition NYA Pendelum potter Ruth South Southern Highland Guild stencil dress The American Heroin Theodore Roosevelt traditional crafts traditional weaving Valle Crucis Watauga Handicrafts Watauga industries weaving wool WPA https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9bb5d38ab2ac7dd93afbd2e75437af12.pdf a3788980e9f9bb0a5b8458d91eaa225f PDF Text Text Tape # 49 Outline Ira Donald Shull I. Birthplace, farm, 5th generation of Shulls, jobs, farming. II. Birth, house born in. III. Brothers and sisters. IV. Property V. Food. VI. Roads and transportation. VII. Storing food. VIII. Feather beds, shuck mattresses, straw beds. IX. Flax, hand looms, weaving. X. School. XL Civil War stories, slaves. XII. Jobs, leaving home, Washington. XIII. Churches. XIV. Valle Crucis - name. XV. Community, leaders, size, population. XVI. Elections, politics. XVII. Mail. XVIII. Badmen. XIX. Doctors, medicines, herbs, roots. XX. Unions XXI. News. XXII. Telephones. �Tape #50. Outline Ira Don Shull I. Telephones II. Farming, gambling in farming. III. Sheep. IV. Electricity. V. Depression VI. Government projects. VII. Blue Ridge Parkway. VIII. Bob Dalton. IX. Farming, markets. X. Banks closing. XL Neighbors during Depression. XII. Tourists. XIII. Selling Land after Depression. XIV. Cars. XV. 1940 Flood. XVI. First car. XVII. Horses. XVIII. Recreation. XIX. Barn raisings. XX. Weddings. XXI. Courting �PAGE(S) MISSING NOT AVAILABLE �2. Q: Now the first thing we want to know is about your childhood, where you were born, who your parents were, where they're from, how many brothers and sisters you had, how long ya'll lived around here and where everybody went from here. A: Well, I was born on this farm, not in this house, but in the home, the next house up where my sisters live now when they're here in the summer. They're in Florida in the winter, you know, up here where you're going. In 1892, eighth of November, that's when I was born. Q: Who built the house? A: My daddy, J.M. Shull. Q: And was he born here too? A: Yes, he was born, not in that house, but in another house that stood down where the garden is now. I can remember when they tore it down and part of the lumber out of that house is in the house that you and Frank are moving in, there's some of the lumber in that house. Q: How many brothers and sisters did you have? A: I had two half-sisters, my father was married twice. First to Holly Greene and she passed away and then later my father married All Baird and had four sisters and no brothers. I'm the only boy by the last wife Ali. Q: All this property you have, is it the same property that your father had? �3. A: I have a portion of it, he had more than I have. He sold off some. Q: Where did the land that your father owned go? Who got it and where was it? A: Well, he sold to various people, perhaps, I don't know, any number of people, the last account I had there were seventeen dwellings or seventeen people owned part of what was originally the old Shull farm. I have been told by the older folks, there were either 900 or 1100 acres. I never knew which. That was the original Shull property. All this down here and that there, the big ridge where those folks live, there was a big boundary. I own all of this, I think there's around 300 acres yet, I .own 225 of it, my sisters own the balance of it. What's left, in the neighborhood, there's 300 acres left of the original 9 or 11 hundred. Q: Did you grow your own food on this farm when you were a kid? A: Yeah, all of us. We had to grow about all of it, we'd buy a little coffee and sugar, was about the end of the buhing, so far as the eating was concerned. We used to grow a lot of cabbage and potatoes and vegetables, stuff like that and haul 'em to Hickory and Lenoir in a wagon in the fall of the year and trade 'em for our coffee and sugar and maybe a little flour. Q: What were the roads like then? A: Just trails, just about like this right down through here. Q: Just room enough for the wagon? �4. A: That was about it and you had to hunt places when you meet people to pass. You couldn't pass any place. You had to get out on the banks, I've seen 'em life the wagons out of the roads so you could get by. Q: And you'd go that way all the way to Lenoir? A: All the way to Lenoir. Took three days to go to Lenoir and if you went on to Hickory it took about a week. Load a wagon here with produce, 'bout a couple thousand pounds around the tongue, ten and a quarter. Take four horses, take it to the top of the mountain and from there on two horses could usually take it down the mountain. Q: Do you remember period of scarcity of food when you were growing up here? A: No, we never had any scarcity of food on this place that I remember. Q: Did you store a lot of food? A: Yes. year. Used to kill a dozen hogs and maybe a couple or three beefs in a Kept a big flock of chickens, a hundred or so chickens, big flock of geese and ducks. We used to pick the geese feathers to make feather beds. We used lots of feather beds back then. We did have some old shuck mattresses I guess back in the early days. and you'd roll over it it and the feathers you'd sleep warm and snug. Q: What's a shuck mattress? Put these feather beds on there would come up around you and �5. A: Well, it was a mattress similar to the ones they have now, but made out of corn husks. straw beds. They called 'em shuck mattresses. Straw beds, had lots of Have a big tick and fill it with straw and sleep on that; lot of people did. Q: When did it change? A: Oh, I don't know, it changed over the years so gradually I couldn't pinpoint it. I doubt if a person could sleep on a feather bed now, I couldn't* Q: Where would they get cloth to make things like mattresses? A: I don't know. They used to grow flax. didn't I? I showed you an old flax plate They used to grow flax right here on the farm, break it and weave the cloth on these old hand looms. when I could remember. They had a couple of 'em up here since My mother would weave. Q: Would she get together with most other women and they'd all sit around and do it? A: Everybody in the country had a loom. If you couldn't weave you couldn't be a wife hardly, or a housewife, if you couldn't weave cloth. Q: Were your sisters taught to do all those kind of things.? A: No, I don't remember that they were. Q: How about school as a child here? A: We had four months school; had to walk four miles to get there and back. �6. Q: Where was the school? A: One of them was way down yonder, you know where the next bridge is across the river down here below Valle Crucis. You ever been around that a way to Boone? Q: Down 194 towards 421, that way? A: Yea. You went over to Mountain City didnU you, in the night other night? On Mast Gap Road? The school house that we walked to down there was right on the hill. This end of that big bridge that's there now. We also walked to Shull's Mill to school, went both ways. We little fellows, we had to walk, too. You didn't ride then. Oh occasionally we'd maybe get a ride on a wagon or something. Q: What was the school you told me once that was in Boone you had to walk to? A: I don't know, what they'd call, common school I reckon's what they called it back those days, I don't know. There wasn't any graded school and terms they use not, that I remember. Q: Were all the different ages of students in one room? A: Yeah. They were all in one room, with one teacher. I remember some of my old teachers, Frankham was one. He was a great big, dark complexioned man with gray hair and had great big eyes half as big as that and he'd scare you just looking at you. Miss Kephart was another. Kepharts we have now, I don't suppose. No relation to the I never thought about it 'till this very �7. minute. You know Miss Kephart? Q: How did they keep discipline in the schools then? A: You'd get hit with an ox whip almost. Make you go out and cut your own hickorys to give you a lickin 1 with. Man they'd lick ya, too. Yes sir, whenever you got out of line back then you got it and when you got home you got another one if they found it out. We were taught to the tune of a hickory stick. Q: Did your father go to school? A: Yeah, he went to school. Q: Sime place you went? A: Oh, lawd no. The schools he went to wouldn't be a comparison either. Q: What were you gonna say? A: Almost as far behind these today, there wasn't ihat much difference. Yes, he went to school. One of his brothers, Uncle William, he went to the state Senate, I reckon it was the Senate or Legislature or maybe both in Raleigh, I believe he was both. He was a one-armed man and my father, let's see, Phillip, Noey, and Benn, all four of 'em went through the Civil War. Q: Did he ever tell you about what it was like around here during the Civil War? A: Yes, I heard a lot of stories about what it was like around here. I forget what they called them, Rebels, they called them Rebels, when they came �through here and camped right up here, what they call the old Muster Field around the bend of the river up here, it's all growed up now, where they camped and they had to come down here to Grandfather Shull's. They had big log barns up there and big cribs of corn. They drove in there with their wagons and back up to the side of his crip, shoveled his crib out in the wagons and hauled it off. Q: These were the Rebels or the Yankees? A: Yankees, I guess they were. think. And they did take some of his horses I I heard them talk about they had one bay mare, an awful pretty bay filly and a young mule or two or something and some of them slipped down to the barn and turned them out, they'd run them across the river in this big field and the soldiers fell on their tracks. They wanted them and some of them went down there, according to the story as I got it, they tried to get them up but they could smell that campfire or something. They said that there weren't enough soldiers to get around them to bring those horses in, so they left 'em there. They had three left, this mare and a pair of mules. And they took their meat way down yonder in the swamp across the river and buried it right out in the muck to save it. Those were old stories before my day, that were handed down to me. Q: Were the men in that family fighting in the Rebel forces ? A: They were in the Rebels, the sourtherners you see. Q: Would the men in the family have been home here on the farm or would they have been out fighting somewhere else? �A: Oh, they were all gone, the men were gone, nobody here but my old grandfather and grandmother and that old nigger slave I believe they had. And she stayed right here, Grandfather Shull bought these slaves, he bought a mother and her child and old Will. He was an old man when I knew him but he was young and old Tuck was his mother. They called her Tuck, she passed away and Will grew up and stayed right here. Well, he ran away and married a white woman. Took a white woman and stole one of Grandfather's horses and run off to Tennessee or someplace, Virginia. And when boys got up the next day and found this good horse gone, they called the Shulls (the slaves had to take the same name as their owners) found him gone along with their good horse, they inquired around and found that he'd taken this woman, her name was Lyon something, they were getting their horse to go get him. "We'll go get that nigger. " Grandfather Shull came out and told 'em, "No, you're not going anywhere. You go to work, " he says, "That nigger will be back. " And sure enough after he'd sold the horse and run out of money and nobody wanted him, he came creeping back and they lived here on the place the rest of their days, raised a family, they all worked here. Grandfather Shull just let them stay up here and they worked right here on the place til he died of old age. He died while I was in the West. He was as white-headed as that when I left here but he was gone when I returned and I just inquired the other day about Gilbus Mitchell who was the only man I could thing of in the country. Boyd and I were talking about what become of old Will and I asked Gilbus if he knew where old nigger Will was buried and he said that he thought the county buried him on the county jfarm over near Boone. When they were freed they took off. He just stayed here and worked right on. �10. Q: What are some of the j-obs you've had? A: Oh, Lord, I've had so many, honey. From pillar to post, happy go lucky, didn't care much for anything, whether the boat landed or whether it didn't, just roving around. Got quite a bit of experience out of it, I don't know. I never had any education to amount to anything so far as books were concerned. Q: How far did you go in school? A; Eighth grade. What they call eighth grade now, they didn't have any grades back then. Q: When did you leave home to get your first job? A: Seventeen years old. Q: What job was that? A: I went West, landed in the state of Washington, sixteen miles out of Spokane, a little town called Cheny. Q: What job did you do then? A: I got a job with a man had a ranch with the name of McDowell, Shirley McDowell. First job I ever had away from home. He had a ranch outside of Cheny there and he also owned mining stock up in the Cortalane, you've heard of the Cortalane Indian reservation in Idaho, have you? Q: No. �11. A: Well, he had some mining stock up there in the Cortalane. Cortalane was mostly Indian, and he would go up there quite often, 'bout once a week I guess, to see about his interest there. The Indians were friendly with him, he was a friend of them, they liked to see him. other words. He got along with them in I worked for him, that was the first job I ever had away. I can't remember Mrs. McDowell's given name but they were a young couple, they just had two children, a boy and a girl, I remember. the girl Zona. Q: I guess. I think they called Is that right for a girl's name? Inver heard it. A: I believe Zona was her name and I forget the boy's name but they were an awfully nice young couple. They were just as nice to me as they could be. Q: What kind of work did you do? A: I just worked there on the ranch. Anything that had come up that he had to do. He had machines, thrashing machines and some cattle. I did every- thing that come up on the ranch and got scared to death there, I never been scared before in my life or since. Q: What scared you? A: Well sir, that was the worst scare any man ever had, to live through it. They had a big old well out in the barn lot 'bout as big as this table is round. And Mr. McDowell had gone that day across the Cortalanes over into Idaho across the state line. Quite a ways over there. And the school marm boarded, that's what they called 'em then, school marms, boarded at McDowells and �12. and Elizabeth, she'd gone to school, and Zona and the little boy had gone with her. And Mrs. McDowell was going to wash. Well-water was awful scarce and hard to get where you could find a well that would supply water, great big old well, it just had a big old wooden door, platform of a thing built to slip over this well. Hinged over there and you could take a hold of it here and turn it around until the whole well opened. Great big thing. Well, Mrs. McDowell was fixing to wash and I went to get a load of wood and she had her clothes out there and she's all round thre and I'd built the fire and when I came back, Mrs. McDowell was gone, there was the clothes, the water was hot and this well was open. Imagination, I just knew Mrs. McDowell was in that well. It just scared me; I hardly knew what I's a doing. I knew I's a stranger out there three or four thousand miles from home and they'd say, "Well, that fellow pushed Mrs. McDowell in that well. " That was just imagination, you know, and the longer it went and I went all over the place a yelling for her and a hollering. Doors was open in the house. Things scattered all over just like it was when I went after the wood. And I was so excited and so scared. His brother Jim lived up the road about a mile, and always kept a bunch of horses around. Two or three saddle horses and a saddle on one most of the time. I caught that saddle horse and I jumped on him, left everything just like it was and I just flew up to Jim's, told Jim about Mrs. McDowell had disappeared and he saw how excited I was and scared and me just a young lad. he caught a horse and started back with me. I think If I remember correctly, he said no, just forget all that, that wasn't nothing, talking 'bout me pushing her in the well that's why I's scared. We met a neighbor or someone. They �13. were scared then. Not many people ever traveled but someone come along and said she'd gone into town with another neighbor down there that drove up there in a buckboard, and she just jumped in the carriage and went with 'em and never left me a note or anything and scared me to death, never thought about what it would do to me, you know. Didn't intend to be gone long. It was 4 or 5 miles up to town. I won't forget that scare, never. Q: How long did you work on that farm? A: I didn't work there too long. I went there in spring of the year. Now when harvest season come along up in June or July, I got to seeing in the paper where they was advertising for harvest hands down in the Paloose country. And I talked to fellows around there that had followed the harvest season. $2. 50 a day then was tremendous wages. Nobody'd ever heard of such wages. Well, I decided I'd go down and follow the harvest. I went down there. I was down there two or months I guess. Q: Where is the Paloose country? A: Paloose country? Well, it's south of Spokane. It's all Paloose country between Spokane and Walla Walla. forget. country. I believe they call it the Downem or, I Anyhow it was along the R&N railroad, R&N they called it the Paloose Very rich section of the country. North of wheat country. Q: How long did you work harvesting? A: Oh, I worked several harvests, different ones. I got in with a Richard Hagaman, Hagaman brothers. They were big operators. I got in with them �14. and they were originally from this country. Kelly that I was with. I called 'em Uncle Joe and Aunt There was Joe and Tom and Robie and four brothers. And I always called Uncle Joe and Aunt Kelly my home. I stayed with them. They were awfully good to me. I stayed right with them. Q: I think we better get back to Valle Crucis. What do you remember about the churches that were here? Did you go to church? A: Yes sir, my father was Sunday School superintendent for years, 'bout as long as I can remember. We had to go every Sunday. Q: Where was the church? A: Right where it is now. Q: Did most of the people in Valle Crucis go to that church? A: Yes. It was called Valle Crucis, too. Up where I go to church now was known as Upper Valle Crucis and this down here at the Methodist Church, they called it Lower Valle Crucis. Q: How has the church changed? A: Well, it's been added to quite a bit and more or less modernized, I suppose you'd call it. Q: How do you mean? A: Well, it was a little room to start with. Now they've built Sunday School rooms. �15. Q: Did they have hymnals? A: Oh yeah, they had hymnals. Q: Who was the preacher? A: Oh, there've been half a dozen, every so often. I couldn't tell you. Yeah, they change 'em I don't know who all; I can remember a few names, Dawson and Burris, Ader at the Methodist Church and I can remember a few up at the Episcopal Church. Q: Do you know how Valle Crucis got its name? A: Yeah. From the three creeks over there. No one ever explained that to you? To save my life, I've thought about it a lot. I don't get it but Dutch Creek comes down through here; Clark's Creek comes down through here; Crab Orchard comes in here. Not to a pinpoint, but I understand that it was named from them,three creeks forming a cross. That's the old story I've heard. Q: Maybe it was valley of the cross. A: Vale of the cross. Q: Who were the community leaders? A: My father was one of the leaders, Jim Shull, D.F. Mast, W. H. Mast, C.D. Taylor, L. H. Taylor, D.F. Beard, old Uncle Henry Taylor, the ones I can remember that were the leading citizens in the community. �16. Q: Why were they community leaders? A: Well, just like any other community, every other country, and every other community you know has leaders, don't they? Q: Yeah. A: Well, how would you describe it? Q: Did they have the most property, or were they just. . . A: Just prominent men, that's the best I could term it. Men stood up for what's right. Wouldn't that be the way you'd describe it? Q: I sure would. I sure would. A: They were church going folks. Q: How many people were in the community then and how has it changed? A: Comparatively few from what there is now and there wasn't but one house between my father's house, this house wasn't ihere, these houses down here, there was one house, little old log house stood up at the holler was the only house between my father's house and Uncle Fin's down there at Joe's where these folks bought me the pie the other night live. That house and one other between the store, just the three houses betweenvthe store and my father's back at that time. Now then there's another one isn't there? Q: What were the politics like? �A: Well, just of the immediate community it was mostly Democratic but for the township as a whole, it was Republican. Q: What constituted the township? A: Township's Republican. Q: The township of Boone, do you mean? A: No, Boone township's different, this is Watauga township. cut up into townships. The county's Let's see there's Shawneehaw, Watauga, Aho, Boone, Meat Camp, New River, Elk, Cove Creek is eight, Brushy Fork, I don't know whether there's eight or nine townships in the county or what. Q: Do you remember any particular elections? A: One more than the other you mean? No, I don't believe I could name one right at the moment that was outstanding. Most of the folks in this township, they're pretty level-headed, give and take in other words, give and take. I get along mighty well, this is a Republican township, but I get along with the Republicans mighty well. We joke back and forth. I'll go at a bunch of 'em, "Hi, Republicans" which used to back in long ago days would make 'em mad. They won't anymore, they'll take it" good naturedly. They'll say, "Yeah, here comes that lousy Democrat. " Q: You'd say at one time people wouldn't take it good naturedly? A: That's right, there was a time when anything mentioned in the political line would create friction. But that's all gone, people's got above that. Yeah, �18. Jim Church, his father's a Republican, Jim was raised a Republican, fellows up 'there around the filling station, man that made that remark is dead and gone now but he was a sort of a tight Republican, he said, "Jim", he was teasing Noy more or less, Jim's father, owns a motel and says, "Jim married in that Shull family down there and they made a Democrat out of him, " and said, "Now Jim's darn near made a Democrat out of Noy. " That's the way we get along, we just have fun out of it. over his politics. I'm not a gonna fall out with my neighbor I don't care how he votes, it's immaterial to me. He's got a good right to vote his way as I have" mine. Q: How did people get around in those days? A: On their, what they used to call 'em, mother's, got around by foot, that's the way you got around. Walkway wasn't crowded. Well, you could ride horse back some as some of the folks. Q: Did people around here have carriages? A: Oh yes, the country was full of buggies and surreys. Stagecoach line used to run through here and that was long before my day. Had a station up here at Grandfather Shull's where they changed horses, four, six horse team to the stagecoach. You've seen 'em on the movies. They had a station up here, he had a big barn and plenty of everything around him and they'd change horses there, that was a station to change horses. Q: Where were they coming from? �19. A: Running from. Butler, Tennessee, then to Morganton, N. C. was this run and I don't know where they went to from there any other place. It had quit running but I have a piece of the old stagecoach. It was up here for a long time. Grandfather Shull was a blacksmith, he had a blacksmith shop. Shoe the horses and help keep up the carriages, and I have a piece of that, we kids, my sisters and I, we played with that old stagecoach and climbed in it and out of it and make out like we's a driving it. Til it run it down, went to the bad and tear it off by souvenir hunters and I have one piece of it out there in the cellar now. The old original stagecoach, it run from, I bet it's the only piece left. Q: Where did the carriages and coaches come from? A: That's beyond me, that's what I don't know. I read something not too long ago about someone down this state I believe, either in this state or South Carolina that made those things, built 'em. Q: How did the mail work? A: Mail was carried by horseback mostly. Q: How often did it come? A: Once or twice a week, I think. Q: Did you ever remember getting things by mail order back when you were young? A: Yeah, yeah. Yes sir, used to order lots of stuff mail order. Yeah, I �20. can remember that. We get stuff yet, we very often order stuff by mail order. Til it come into the post office though we bought from Sears and Roebuck mostly; it always come to the Sears in Boone, went out there to pick it up. Q: Were there any notorious badmen and law officers in this area? A: Yeah! ; My Grandfather Baird was sheriff two terms of this county, and that's my mother's father, and there were plenty of badmen and plenty of mischief a going on. I can't remember hardly, yeah, I can remember it too, barely. Grandfather Baird that was sick, got rheumatism or something, and my father sherriffed for him that winter; he did the sherriffing for him. I remember him having one man in the county they called Wilson, Lucky Joe Wilson, called him Lucky Joe. And he was a bad actor and everybody was afraid of him, I don't know why, but Lucky Joe was considered dangerous, I think, and had to be arrested. He sent my grandfather word, called him Uncle Dave, that was his name, Dave. "If you'll come after me yourself I'll go with ye, but don't send them damn little deputies, I'm not blind. " Grandfather Baird got on his horse and went over there after him by himself, everybody begging him not to go, said Lucky Joe would kill him; Lucky Joe would do this. He went over there and Lucky Joe come out and invited him in to have dinner, he went and eat dinner with him, and after dinner Grandfather said, "Well, Joe, " says, "You have to go along. " Old Joe went with him right on to jail. Not a bit of trouble. Q: Where was the jail then? �21. A: In Boone. 'Bout all there was there in Boone then was a courthouse and a jail, that's all they had. Now that story's before my day. That was handed down to me but it was right, because I know it was right. I believe he was the man. I'm not sure whether I ought to tell these old stories or not. I think he's the man that died out of jail on the doctors over there at Boone one time. Q: Lucky Joe? A: Yeah. I think it was Lucky Joe, now I won't be too sure, but he took a notion he wanted out of jail and he just died, ^hey laid him out, they had what they called cooling boards then, they laid him out there, used to have what they'd call watches or sit ups with the corpse. Anyhow, they shut Lucky Joe up in this room and all went out and he heard 'em lock the door. After they went out, Lucky Joe got up and opened the window and when they come back to look, Lucky Joe was gone. He wasn't dead after all. I think that was Lucky Joe. Q: That's pretty lucky, I'd say. A: Yeah, I've heard so many. Yeah, he said, "Aw, the doctors don't know anything about you anyhow, only what you tell them. " I guess the doctors didn't know too much back in those days. Q: Were there any doctors in this area? A: No, very few. Very few. I can remember, I don't believe there were but two doctors. I don't know whether there was any other doctor in the county or not. Dr. Phipps and Dr. Philips. Philips lived in that end of the county and �22. Phipps lived in this end. Those are the only two doctors I can remember hearing mentioned back in those days. I don't know there might have been another one, but I never heard, don't remember it. Q: Did people use doctors much then? A: No, no. They made their own teas out of roots and herbs and stuff. They didn't have much medicine except what they made at home. Q: Do you remember any roots or herbs that they used in particular? A: Yeah, sure I can remember some of them. Not too long ago, I remember one til now. People used to have a lot of sore mouth. This yellow root that grows on the bank of the river down here, I gathered it for someone a year or two ago, they sent here. You get some yellow root. This lady had had a sore mouth for, oh, just a year or two ago, and wanted to know where to get some yellow root. Q: Yellow root's the name of it? A: I don't know whether it is or not. It's what I call it. I guess there's some other name for it, I don't know. Q: Do you remember any other roots and herbs that they might have used? A: Yeah. They made lots of sassafrass tea out of sassafrass and spricewood and catnip tea. Yeah, I can remember several of those. Q: What were they used for? What was sassafrass used for and what was catnip used for? �23. A: Hoarseness, sore throat or congestion or something like that. Q: Did people use ginseng for much here? A: Sang? Ginseng? Yeah! They hunt that yet. house where you're moving in, he was good at it. This man that lived in this He'd sell three or four hundred dollars worth of ginseng nearly every year. He'd get out here on Sundays and scour the mountains, he knew every holler, rock and spring in this country. His father was SAP.d at it and he'd been trained good at it and they'd just hunt ginseng and sell it. Made good at it. Q: What did they use if for? A: I don't know what it's for. It's high priced stuff. Q: So people around here really didn't use it much, they just sold it. A: Yeah, they sell it. Q: That's still going on a lot? A: Yeah, sang business is big business. high priced stuff. Not big here of course, but it's Howard Mast down here at this store, I don't know, he did, he may not no more but he did buy it for a while. Q: I know they buy it in town too. A: Yeah, they buy it. The wild, they have it cultivated, but the wild ginseng brings nearly two times the money that the cultivated does. Now I don't know why, I never knew. Oh, these old stories, I don't know. �24. Q: When did the unions start coining in? A: The union, labor union? Q: Yeah. A: I don't know. I wish to the lord it'd never been born. Q: Did you feel it much in Valle Crucis? A: No, no. Q: How did you get the news then? A: We didn't get much news other than local. referring back then. Back in those days, you're You know how we get it now, don't you? Q: Yeah. A: There wasn't much, maybe we'd get our newspaper once a week or something like that. Q: Where was the newspaper printed from? A: Well, Charlotte mostly. Charlotte. I believe the first good newspapers came from Charlotte Observer, Charlotte Times; Observer I guess was about the first one I can remember. Q: When was that? A: I don't know. Years ago. once a week. Wasn't many newspapers. You might get it �25. Q: Were people much concerned about national politics? A: No, no, wasn't much concerned about no politics 'cept at home. No, they didn't take any of it too serious. Good thing they didn't. Those were the good old days. People was honest. You could leave everything unlodked and go back home and find it like you left it. Now, you can't sleep with it and keep it. Keep everything under lock and key and that don't do much good. Q: What do you think's the cause for the difference? A: Greed, I guess, don't you? What would you think? Q: I guess so. A: I don't know how to put it any simpler, would you? Q: No, I think you've 'bout got it there. So, now tell us about when you helped start the telephones in this area. A: Oh, yeah. Well, we had a little old local system around here as long as I can remember. Them little old crank things on the wall. Did you ever see any of them.? Q: Yeah, on T. V. A: Well they had those 'bout as long as I can remember but they wasn't very, they's better than no phones. Daddy had one. There's several in the country. We couldn't hardly get into Boone or out of the valley, just call your nearer neighbors. But this new system came along, Skyline I believe is what they call �26. it, isn't it? Q: Yeah. A: And the way it all come about, I was in Boone going down one side of the street, David Farthing, his father had it, the little old system and David had been in this telephone meeting that I'd never heard of, I didn't know anything about it. When he hollored at me across the street and said, "Wait a minute, I want to see you. " Came over and he told me, says, " If you guys want a telephone, you'd better get busy. " And I asked what he meant by getting busy. Says it cost him so much to keep it up and people, lot of them didn't pay for the phones that had 'em and they's behine and David said, "Tell me, " says, "I'm not a going to break myself up nor mortgage my farm to keep up this telephone system. " Says, "What I mean and I been in a meeting down here and you have a chance of getting a telephone system that will work. " And I got him to explain it to me, REA sorta behind it or something like that, you know, in connection with the REA Electric, they got it on their poles. meeting in Boone and I went, he told me about it. Well, they had a That was the very first thing I ever heard, just fell on to me out of the clear, blue sky. I went to this meeting and the people promoting this system refused to come what they called west of the mountain, the Rich mountain over there, you know what the Rich mountain is. Q: Yeah. A: They would put it into Boone and east but they refused to come west of it. And I asked him what it would take to induce 'em to come west. They said if �27. we could get a hundred signers, a hundred telephones, they would consider it. Well, I asked him what a hundred telephones would mean, what it would take to get 'em. Took $35 deposit to get a telephone. it was our only chance. I went to work on it. miles, I don't know how much. Well, I come on home and I seen I guess I drove two or three hundred Sight on earth, though, my own car, gas and expense, and everything a selling those telephones and I had an awful time, I go t way up to 85 or 90 of 'em somewhere and I just about got burnt out and disgusted. I had an uncle that sorta half way opposed it and he said, "You're running around here selling folks things they don't need and don't want and not able to pay for. " Anyway I kept a going on with it and I got up 85 or 90 I give every man that bought a phone from me my receipt for his $35. And I turned the money in, that was a very dumb thing of me and I poured business to him but I never took any receipts, I just turned the money in. Well, the administration changed, went from one administration to the other. Q: In Boone? A: SJo, in the nation. Q: What administration was it? Which one did it change from? A: I don't remember which a way it went, but anyhow whoever went in up there in Washington held the thing up. Well, I got out here and sold all these folks telephones, majority of them Republicans, that's where your politics comes in again, me a Democrat. couple of years. They got so when they'd see me, it was held up for a "Where's our telephone? We want our telephone or we want our money. " Put me on the spot. I didn't have either one, their money nor �28. their telephone either one and we had a little meeting one day. They had a right to demand their money or a phone. One day, when I thought a bad day Saturday afternoon, I went to the store, Foscoe and a bunch of 'em in there and they commenced talking about it, "We want our money or we want our telephone. " I talked a little with 'em, I told 'em, "Why, gentlemen, I don't have either one and I don't have money enough to pay you but I'm here to write checks just as long as I've got a dime to write on. Now, who's first?" And they commenced talking among themselves a little bit and one of 'em spoke up and said, "I don't believe it's fair to make Don put up that money out of his own pocket. " I'd explained to them that I didn't have a thing to show for it and they got to talking among themselves and I told 'em, I said, "if you'll j u s t bear with us and go along with us, we'll get these phones but I can't promise you when. " After discussing it pro and con, "Well, I guess that's about the only thing to do. Say you haven't got money enough, there's no use in some of us getting money and some not. " And they just went along with me and the things come through and now every feller and his brother's got a telephone. They wouldn't part with them at all. Q: So they finally came? A: Yeah, they finally came, but it leaves me in the position of kinder being a daddy of this system, you understand? Q: Yeah, yeah. When was that? Do you remember what years that would have been? A: No, I can't remember. It's not been long, many years. We haven't had this system too long. �29. Q: Would it be like the '30's, '40's, or '50's? A: Oh, it must have been in the late '40's or early '50's, somewhere in that neighborhood. This Mrs. Ayers that died the other day up here was one of the first 'uns to take a telephone off of me. She took a telephone and plunked down here thirty-five bucks, one of the first ones. I guess I was really the first one to sign the thing, I imagine I was. Q: Were you living here then? A: Sure, yeah. I guess my sisters was about the next 'uns, a working up the road. Q: What kind of operation were you running here on the farm? A: Oh, I've done a little of all of it: livestock, crops, and produce to general crops. Sheep and cattle was my first start. Did that for a number of years, I have some things out there in the garage that the bank gave me for being, go out there and read 'em, they'll tell you better than I can, couple of them. One of 'em was on sheep, livestock and other one was on the first man in the country to grow 135 bushels of corn an acre, I think. They gave me something. Wanted me to put 'em up out here at the road and I wouldn't do it, I stuck 'em up out in the garage. Wasn't trying to advertise because you had a little streak of good luck one year, might have had bad luck next year. make a little this year and lose it next year. on the face of the earth. Q: Hew do you mean? That's the farmer luck; you Farmer's the biggest gambter Did you ever think about it ; �30. A: Takes more chances than any other one man. You gamble again' Nature. When you're farming, you plant a crop a hoping to do something but it takes twelve months to find out. If you play your money on a horse race here you know in a few minutes, but if I play my money in a big crop down here in the field, I've got the hailstorms, the windstorms, the floods, the drought, I'm a gambling again1 Nature. Q: Does the amount of money you'll make on a certain crop change a lot from year to year? A: Oh yeah, you might make some this year and lose it next on the same crop. Yeah. I did very well in the vegetable business, that is, I didn't go to the poor house on it. What I did, when I went to growing potatoes and beans, they call it majoring in school, I don't know what you'd call it on a farm, but I went to cropping; let my livestock slip. I sold my sheep. Well the dogs ran me out of the sheep business, I just drifted down on them and played vegetables along here several years, paid off and did very well through the Second World War period. them. They were clammering for something to eat. I did very well through Now then I played out of cattle or out of vegetables, I did, two years ago, quit that, drifting back towards livestock. Now I'm going to try to finish out with livestock a little bit. Q: Who sheared the sheep when you used to deal in sheep? A: They used to be some men in the county that made a business of it. Q: Traveling about from farm to farm where they could work sheep? �31. A: Yeah, yeah. We had a man in the community, he's dead and gone now, by the name of George Lester. He's almost a professional sheep shearer. He could shear sheep, did a good job. Q: How were the sheep sheared before electric equipment? A: I've a hand shearer up there and a pair out here too. I can show you the very first ones that they used. They clipped 'em by hand this a way and this one up here I have, it turns with a crank. Clippers they call it. And then the electric one, I had an electric one. My uncle and I bought an electric shearing machine together. And I finally let, I don't know, Frank may have it down there yet, I don't know. Q: When did electricity come in here? A: Our first 'lectricity here came from the dam up the river yonder. You remember seeing that ol' broken down dam up there right this side of Hound Ears on'the river? Q: Yeah. A:. Well, that was where the power plant was, way down the road here just off below the road right on the bank of the river. And the '40 flood wiped that all out, the power plant. Most of it stopped over here in my bottom, awful lot of it. Q: The dam and the equipment, the power plant? �32. A: Some of it. Stopped right over here in my bottom, that great big metal iron thing as big as, oh, these two rows put 'together. I had to get a settling torch and the man worked nearly a week cutting that thing up 'til I could load it and haul it out. I have a picture of it somewhere. I climbed up on it and was sitting there when George Farthing made my picture. It should be here someplace. Q: When did electricity come in? A: Well, it had come in before '40. We got it from that little old dam up there. I don't know, in the thirties, late thirties I guess it was. thirties. That all washed out and washed away. Sometime in the This system that has it now, whatever it is, Blue Ridge Electric? They rebuilt it and took over after that system went out by the '40 flood. Q: How did it get started? Was it part of that government funding that got the electricity and the dam started? A: That first one? Q: Yeah. A: No, I don't thing it was. I think it was a local concern. What did they call that, Blowing Rock Electric or something? I don't rmemeber what they called it. It wasn't much service. It was just little better than none. Q: During the Depression how much did the government, like the national goverment function in here? I mean how much help was given by the national government to hereJ? �33. A: I wouldn't know. Q: Did the Depression affect you very greatly here? A: Yes ma'am. I'd go farther for a dime in those days than I would for a dollar now. A dollar's easier got than a dime was then, and worth more when you got it. Maybe that's a little far fetched. Q: I remember you told me that there was a time when money just wasn't changing hands that much, it was what you grew on your farm. A: That's right, by golly there just wasn't any money hardly. Q: By the time of the Depression were you using money more and missing it more ? A: You didn't have any. Couldn't miss it much because you didn't have any. Q: Before the Depression, was money being used more than, say, crops and barter? A: Aw, was it ever. If thre's any way in the world to get along, use what little money we had and any barter we could stir up. Yeah it was tough times. I remember one time it took every hoof that we could rake and scrape on this farm to pay our taxes. Q: Every hoof of what? A: Cattle and sheep or anything we could sell to -even pay my taxes. Now that was a pretty tough time. �34. Q: How much was taxes running then? A: Oh, I don't remember. Probably half as much. Not like they are now. Not near what they are now. I just remember we have to save about every dime we got all the year to have money enough to pay our taxes. Q: Doesn't seem quite fair, does it? A: No, your tax had to be paid. You have to pay them. If you didn't pay em, they'll advertise ya and sell ya out. Q: But it seems like if you gotta pay more taxes than you do towards your own living, it's not quite fair. It seems like if you're paying more taxes to the government than you are to your own living; if you have to pay more money to the government than you can pay yourself, it's a little too much. Did any families around here go out during the Depression; did they have to sell out because of taxes? A: No, no. I don't remember anybody being sold out for taxes. Yeah, there were, there is yet, not around here though I don't think. Ever once in a while you see something advertised for taxes. Q: How did the Depression affect your daily life, like getting shoes or things like that? How did it affect your children and family? A: Well, we got along on what we had. We just had to get along on less. We didn't get everything we wanted. Like Uncle Billy Caringer used to say, "it was good we didn't want everything we seen. " Maybe that helped some. Now �35. a days people wants about everything they see. Q: Did you have to work any other jobs beside your farming to make ends meet? A: No, I don't remember doing' that. Oh, I'd log, yeah. I'd do logging' and lumber but that was off of the farm here usually. Q: Sell your farm you mean? A: Yeah, yeah. I did lots of that. Q: Did you ever hear about any of the government projects like the WPA and the CCC? A: Lord, did I ever hear 'em. The WPA built this road out here just about it. Yes sir, the country was full of WPA hand. That was a fraud, ever I ne'er saw. That WPA gang made me sick. Q: Why? A: Way they piddled along. Q: They didn't have to work hard? A: No, never earned their money. More or less of a dole the way I figured it. Q: Where were they living when they worked on the roads? A: At home, what homes they had. Anywhere around here in these hills. �36. Q: What kind of things did they do, was it mostly building roads and all, that you remember? What kind of things do you remember them doing for the WPA? A: What did they use you mean, the tools? Q: Well, no. Whad did they do? I know they built roads, what else did they do or did they do anything other than build roads ? A: The road building was about all I know of. They might have had other WPA projects a going but I didn't know anything about 'em. Q: Do you remember the Parkway coming in? The Blue Ridge Parkway? A: Sure, sure I remember the Parkway. Bob Dalton is the daddy of the Parkway through here. You've heard of R. L. Dalton. He was one of the oldest congressmen in Washington for years. He's one of the old timer big shots up there, like Sam Ervin is now. You read about Sam Ervin? Well, Bob Dalton, they listened to Bob Dalton then like they do to Sam Ervin today. And Bob Dalton, I don't know how, but my wife was related to the Daltons. When she was up in Washington, Bob Dalton was there and they called her Bobby after Bob Dalton because she looked like him. Reba, Bob Dalton1 s daughter just passed away, it was in last week's Democrat. Did you read it, Jane? Q: No. A: Well, I knew Reba well. I know Hort and Claude. They had the three children. They all visited in our home up here. Reba was there, oh just two or three years ago she come by here to see Boyd. She and Boyd were �37. relation. She was Bob Dalton's daughter an.c£ they were related and now then Claude and Hort and Reba, Mr. and Mrs. Dalton, they're all gone, the Dalton family's gone. Q: I don't know my history well but did the TVA have much effect here? Or was that all in Tennessee? A: I don't recall anything about that affecting this section. I don't recall anything. Q: Did you have to cut down on the people you could hire and did thegirls, your daughters, work in the fields with you more than during prosperous times during the Depression? A: They worked in'the field a lot when I's in beans and vegetables. yea, I had hands here from all over the county nearly. Law, Truckes a running from Elk, I had two trucks hauling hands from down in Elk, east of Boone. You've heard of Elk?i Q: Yeah. A: I had one hauling hands from the Beech Mountain and Banner Elk country and I had one or two hauling out of Grandfather country up here. I don't remember, Boyd and Bill Leek lived here then. son and Bill helped out a lot. We had hands, Bill was my sister's Boyd and Bill run the bean picking end of it. I was out most, took me all night selling beans and I was out in the night and I had to sleep a little. I remember Boyd saying, I think she said seventy-five hands one day was the top number down there. We had 'em all the way from a half �38. a dozen to seventy-five in here picking beans. Q: Who would drive those trucks? A: Well, I drove it. Q: Oh, you'd go haul the hands in and take 'em back? A: Oh, those coming in? Q: Yeah. A: No, men that lived in those sections of the country. I had them trucking. They'd get up their own load, say they come from Elk down there, had a man by the name of Watsonlived down there. The other man, I had two of 'em coming out of there, Carlton and Watson. They'd hunt up these hands themselves and I'd give them so much for bring in the hands. They'd bring 'em in and work their bunch of hands, say a man brought in twenty on his truck. He would work that twenty in the field, would make him oversee his own gang and then would pay him so much for bringing the hands in and taking 'em home. Q: Do you know of any farms around here that still have an operation to such an extent that they have to bring in hands ? A: No. Nothing like that now. I don't know of a thing like that. Q: When did that stop? A: I doubt whether there's a thing like that operation in the county or not. �39. Q: When did that stop? When did the farm start getting smaller? A: Stopped, oh, not long after the second World War. When they were pushing so hard for the war. Q: And then what happened? A: Well, we just drifted off into this general trend, what I've told you. Q: You do like a smaller area of beans and a smaller area of cabbage so you can take care of it all pretty much with less people. A: Yeah, I drifted out of vegetables, back into livestock and I've been a drifting along with livestock since, doing no good. Make a little money one year and lose it the next. Q: You think the smaller farm will ever have a revival? A: I wouldn't know. business. I think each way, you change your mind ever which Advocating here a few years ago to either get bigger or get out. You might have seen something to that effect. out. It was either get bigger or get This is not a farming country here no way. Q: Anymore? A: No, this isn't a farming county, Law, no. Q: Would you say that it ever was really a farming country? In the mountains? A: Yeah, back in the days when there wasn't any big farming. It was all small �40. farming. People made a living. Q: And I guess your farm was like supplying people in a smaller area, whereas now a days the trucks have to go all over the country, when they get ~ a truckload of canned beans they might go all the way to California with them or something, whereas those days they didn't. A: No, they didn't have to go so far. We had canneries nearer. The bean market was in Mountain City and they got one in Boone after that and they got one in Jefferson. You let one thing start off and do very well at it for a year or two, anything that you make a little money at, then the others will all jump in and try to get their fingers into the pie. Have you noticed that? I happened to be in with Mountain City when the bean market started over there, in fact I got a little share in it, I just stuck to Mountain City. Q: Are there still markets in Mountain City and West Jeffer-son now? A: I don't know whether they're buying beans there or not. I quit and forgot about the beans. There wouldn't be any way now to get 'em fixed. I'd like to see ya get seventy-five hands down here now. Money couldn't get 'em. Q: Do you remember during the Depression any banks closing around here or stores closing up? A: Yeah, seemed like there was a little bank in Boone that folded up, they called it the People's Bank I believe. up. I'm not too sure but I believe that folded I think they started a little bank over there they called the People's Bank and I don't know whether the Depression was responsible for it or not, but �41. I imagine it was. Q: Did any stores have to close down? A: I don't remember any at the moment. Q: Was there more of a feeling during the Depression of neighbors helping neighbors rather than there is now? A: I believe they were a little better to cooperate in that respect. I've always had good neighbors. I could go out most anytime and get some of my neighbors, if I's in a pinch, I could get help. Q: When did the recreation aspect of tourists start coming in? A: Law, they had tourists before they ever got to.. . , they didn't know the word tourist, I reckon. It was 'bout as long ago as I can remember, better homes of the community kept what they called 'em then, boarders. Summer people that had a little money and wanted to get out of the hot weather down south, come up to the mountains. And the various homes would take in a few, whatever they could handle. My mother up here used to keep, well, she 'tised to could take care of fifty or twenty boarders and had hired help. Aunt Josie Mast do the same, and Aunt Vick Taylor. The better homes would take these folks in. There wasn't no motels those days and mighty few hotels. And that was way back yonder, quite a while ago. Aunt Josie. Q: What would they do during the day? Yeah, mother used to keep 'em and �42. A: Aw, they'd fish a little, some of 'em. Some of 'em hike a little. Q: Watch ya'll work? A: Yeah, and lay around in the shade mostly and watch the rest of us work, make a living for it. Q: Where did they come from? A: Down anywhere, down the country where it's hot weather or be hot. Most of 'em out of South Carolina and southern Georgia and down in there where it's hot; get out of the heat. They wouldn't stay long; they couldn't afford it I don't reckon. They's all comin' and a goin', it was just to come and a go. You'd get application like you wanted some one come next week, three in a party or four or something. You might have three or four going out and you could take 'em in on a certain date; keep filled up as you could. It was just a constant thing. Q: Did that continue during the Depression? A: Not much. People too hard up. Didn't have anything to board on. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Ira Donald Shull, March 27, 1973 Description An account of the resource Ira Shull was born November 8, 1892 in Valle Crucis, North Carolina on a farm where he grew up. During his young adult life, he moved out west to the Washington area, specifically Spokane where he worked on a ranch. Mr. Shull had a hand in bringing telephone lines to the Boone area in the 1940s. Mr. Shull refers back to his childhood and community life in Valle Crucis including politics, transportation, postal service, outlaws, and homemade remedies. He goes into detail about his experience farming livestock and crops. Mr. Shull also talks in detail about the Great Depression including the WPA projects going on at that time. He shares stories of outlaws and the Civil War his grandfather shared with him as a child. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hallstrom, Jane Shull, Ira Donald Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/27/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 44 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape50_IraDonaldShull_1973_03_27M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Valle Crucis, NC Subject The topic of the resource Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--19th century Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--North Carolina--Watauga County Ranch life--Washington--Spokane Boone Civil War Great Depression outlaws telephone Valle Crucis Washington WPA https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/4fe5125463b57b1f7a5dbb15e49c69fa.pdf 460b3d91d44eba8958ea23c7689785cf PDF Text Text Tape #37 Interview With Mary Burnham I. Childhood Days A. B. C. D. E. F. II. Name and birthplace of parents No brothers and sisters Land owned and what happened to it Birthplace Family life as a child Gardening, canning, scarce food periods c Schooling A. B. C. Parents Mother tutored, Boston boarding school, Vassar Taught in Valle Crucis (Mother) c D. Went to Mission School (9 years) III. History of Mission School A. B. C. D. E. F. Started 1$42 by Bishop Ives, Episcopal -, Started school for boys, theology school Started 1st monastic order since reformation Brother Sciles took over 1$95 school reorganized - industrial school for boys Changed to mission school for girls G. 1925 on went through 10th grade H. I. J. IV. Original idea to train women in area- scholastically and domestically School almost totally self - supporting Summer used for an inn Education A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Boarding school at 15- from mission school College in Maryland BA Technology school - degree in library science Swarthmore 4years - library UNC - studied (graduate) ancient and medieval history (2years) Cornell- 4 years - Zoology Department Library work in Boston �V. Religion - Ghurches in Valle Crucis A. Different denominations c B. Changes and improvements VI. ,•; VII. Valle Crucis Community A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Major events and activities in community A. B. C. D. VIII. Two levels Big landowners, small farmers Minority Groups A. B. XI. Farming Population Community club (changes) Large mumber of summer residents Modern conveniences Decision Makers in Valley A. B. X. Political rallies Quiltings Family gatherings People helping each other Changes in Community A. B. C. D. E. XI. Pfening of the valley (before 1940 flood) Bishop Ives "Vale of the Cross" Valle Crucis latin Abbey in Vales momed Valle Crucis S Monastic order at the mission Settling - deeds go back to 1$02 Most families settled by 1$40 Wagner ancestors Foreigners No racial or linguistic minorities Population changes A. B. C. D. Decrease during W.W.II and after People come back after many years People left to get better jobs Attachment to Valle Crucis £ �XII. Elections - Party Preference < A. Democratic B. Political meetings - Boone, Johnson City XIII. Transportation A. B. C. D. E. XIV. Mountain Crafts and Customs A. B. C. D. XV. Weaving Chair Making Pine needle baskets Bark Baskets Looking for Herbs A. B. XVI. Tweetsie Railroad - ElJt Park Terminal 7 hours to Valle Crucis from Elk Park - horse and buggy Paved roads Horse and buggy First car - Model T Ford 1925 - big event Genseing "sang" Galax - change in quantity in the area Customs - Way of Life A. Dating B. Group activities more popular C. . Parlor games D. Picnics in the summer E. Sleigh rides XVII. Legends and Superstitions A. B. C. D. Planting with moon Medicines and cures Gardening Superstitions vary with community S �XVIII. -i The Depression A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. XIX. Wall Street Crash Bank closings Mountain people not affected as much by depression Credit an Mast Store WPA work (school, Boone Post Office) CCC Scarcity of food only among lazy or disabled NOTE: Listen to chimes of mission is background of tape Prices stayed fairly level - locally raised commodities New ways for making money (crops) Changes in schools during depression- improvements since depression Changes in churches during depression Likes - Community Togetherness A:., Changes B. XX. Closeness,, friendliness of people Today's Lifestyle A. B. C. D. Not a lot of change Still comfortable in valley Misuse of land If she could change anything, it would be progress in Valle Crucis (development of land, etc.) �AOHP #37 Page 1 This is an interview with Mary Burnham for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Lester Harmon at the Valle Crucis Mission School on March 19, 1973• Q: Would you give me the name and birthplace of your parents? A: Wade Hampton Wagner, Valle Crucis, N.C., Sarah B.. Marsh, Patterson, New Jersey. Q: And the number and names of your brothers and sisters and their ages? A: None. Q: Did your parents own any land? A: Yes. Q. In Valle Crucis? A: Yes. Q. What happened to the land? A: Well, it was gradually sold off. Most of the original Wagner Farm was sold off in bits and pieces. My mother sold the last big chunk when I was about 13We still own an acre where the house where I'm living stands now, which my mother built in 1927. �2. Q: Were you born here? A: I was born in Avery County. Q: What can you remember about family life- what your childhood was like? A: Well, my father died when I was about a year old, and my mother and I lived with cousins - H.Mast's, Howard STC'S aunt, in lower Valle Crucis - until 1927 when we moved to the house where my husband and I now live. The reason for that was, my mother was determined that I was going to school at the mission school, rather than the public schools, which were not as well staffed and as well built, and - everything else, as they are now, and the schooling here was much better than what you got in the public school. Q: Did you grow your ©wn food? A: Yes, we had a garden. We never raised any animals in the way of beef or pigs, or any of that kind, but every year we had our own garden, and canned until the deep freezer came in. One of my earliest memories from the age of 6 on , was helping to can in the summer. Q: Do you ever remember any scarce periods, when there wasn't much food? �3. A: Well, we were lucky, my mother and I. She had some income on the side, so we weren't entirely dependawie on raising everything. But there were always times when y/ou had a bad garden, or something like that, and hoped you had enough left over from the previous year. Q: How much schooling did your parents have? A: I don't know exactly how much my father had. He went to school, and I believe he finished about the 3rd or 4th grade. My mother, she was tutored privately at home, she and her sister, until my mother was 15, when they went to a boarding school in Boston, Mass.. It was quite an unusual school, I gathered, because girls that were interested in learning had the benefit of Radcliffe and Harvard professors, who came and taught them. She went on to Vassar, but she only stayed for about a part of a semester, because in 1$91, and thereabouts, young women in college was an exception, rather than a rule. And she dropped out-f6r_ which she kicked herself for the rest of her life. But she had enough background from her schooling there in Boston, to be able to come down here and teach Latin, English, Arithmetic - what have you. Q: You went to the Mission School? �A: F&r the first nine grades, yes. Q." I don't know too much about the Mission School. Could you give me the purpose, how the Mission school was organized. A: Well it goes back to 1$42 originally, at which time Bishop Levi Silomon Ives, from the Episcopol Church, .. came from Raleigh, to establish a mission here in this area, which he did. That's his log cabin that you can see out there. (Note: Mrs. Burnham's office at the Mission overlooks the church and a log cabin. She was pointing out the cabin to me.) He started a school for boys, and he started a theological training school for ministers, and then he started the first monastic order in this country since the reformation. This went on for several years and then Mr. Ives became ill and went back to Raleigh, and things kind of dropped off, and work was carried on for many years, by a Brother Sciles, who's buried down at St. John's down the river. (Saint John's Episcopol church, down Wautauga River.) After his death, things just sort of wilted for awhile, until Bishop Chesher, also from Raleigh, began to be interested in the area again. In 1$95> he re- organized the school, and started a new idea. First it was an industrial school for boys,- and gradually �as the need shifted, it turned into a mission school, training ^school - it's had various names - for girls. But this didn't exclude the boys, because up until its last few years of operation the local boys went here, as well as local girls. We had boarders here, in the buildings here, and the rest of us came in from the community. Anybody that lived in this area, within ; walking distance, came here rather than to go to the public schools. It was nearer, and they didn't have bussing systems in those days, so it was to their advantage to come here. From 1925 on, it went through the 10th grade, so you could get your high school diploma from here. And the've had as many as, oh, from the old enrollment books I've looked at, they've had upwards of 100 going to school here. And what happened in earlier days, was a lot of community, lower valley and others. The public school usually had about 6 months that it ran, and finish up up here. If they went to a public school, they didn't have to quit, they could keep on if they came up here. So, it was really used by the entire community, rather than being limited. But the original idea of the mission school was to bring in young women from around this area, who maybe didn't even have a public school near them. But they could come here and live, and not only were they �6. taught scholastically, but they were taught housekeeping, and domestic arts, and things like that. In fact, at various times, this place was almost totally selfsupporting. We had a big farm, chicken houses, the apple orchards, the dairy herd, ice cream and cheese factory. And all of these things contributed to the support of the students. I was just reading some of the old bulletins the other day when I was looking around for some historical material. for a girl for a year was $100, A scholarship so you can tell that they had to be self-supporting in a lot of ways, to get by for that little for a whole year. In the summertime, they used the place as an inn, and people came from away and stayed here as they did in days. those People didn't just get in a car and go and go and go. They came someplace and they sat down, and they stayed. And from the cities, frequently the mother and children would come up the 1st part of the summer. The father would come up weekends, and when his 2 or 3 weeks vacation came, he came and stayedVv&re too. All the big houses around here were crammed during the summers with visitors from away. A lot of them stayed all summer, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, what have you. And the girls from the school, some of them who couldn't get back to their homes, or didn't have homes, �7. would stay here during the summer and work in the kitchen or dining room, and so forth. Q: You went to the mission school your 1st 9 years? A: For the first 9 grades. Q: Did your mother teach here? A: She didn't teach while I was going to school here, except to substitute.f She had taught here. She came from New Jersey to teach here originally, in 1909, met my father and never left. at various intervals here. fill in. But she taught When I was a baby she taught- Then she taught after I was away, she taught again at various times. She was always handy, if they needed a substitute- almost anything that they needed. Q: After you went to school here, where did you go? A: Well my mother had been sent to boarding school when she was 15, and she therefore went on the theory that I went to boarding school when I was 15, so I was sent to the Hannamore Academy in Ragsterstown•' Maryland, where I graduated from high school. Also, at that time, the llth grade was as high as the N.C. schools went, and most colleges were requiring 12 grades, so that was another reason for going away. �Q: And after high school? A: I went to Hood College in Frederick, Maryland and recieved my A.B. there. Then I went to Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia and recieved my Bachelor of Library Science degree there. Q: And then you came back to Valle Crucis? A: No, then I worked at Swarthmore College for 4 years, in the library. Then I came to U.N.C. for 2 years, in graduate study in Ancient and Medieval History. Then I went to Cornell University to work for 4 years in their Zoology department - I was librarian of the Zoology department. And then I was out of the library business for 2 or 3 years. I was living in Boston, and I went back to library work, I worked 8-g- years, partly as patients librarian and partly as medical librarian at the Shaddock Hospital in Jamaica Plain, Mass. I met my husband in Boston, we married, and when her retired from gov. service, we came down here to live. One of the old ladies around here who wasn't too familiar with education - she heard something about my going to graduate school - to library school after college. She was doing somebody's laundry. The story is that she came up out of the washtub and said, "Ain't that Mary Wagner ever going to get educated!?" �Q: What sort of churches were in the area when you were a child? A: Well, the Methodist Church in the lower valley, and the Episcopol Church here. I remember as a small child, going to the old chapel down the road. remember some of out here. And I the building of the stone church The Methodist Church, this church, and old St. John's down the river, are the only ones I really remember. Q: What were they like then, and have they changed much since then? A: Well, the Epicopol Church doesn't change too much. Of course, we've added things here and there, and so forth. The Methodist Church has done improvements, and so forth, in their building. St. John's has since sort of folded, except for a service once or twice a year. Q: But, they're pretty much the same. About the Valle Crucis community, - do you know how it got it's name, and how it was formed? A: Well, the story that we all go by and believe pretty well based on fact, I think - is that Bishop Ives gave the name for the valley and - this was before the 1940 Flood which sort of rearranged part of the scenery. The creeks in the valleys-looked out from the other building here, you can't see it too �10, well from here, crossed in the middle or met in the middle of the meadows down there, sorta in the shape of a St. Andrew's Cross. Then if you really look at it, well, up in that direction which is Clark's creek, back this direction and then down the road towards the store and then up cross from big school Barns down there, there are four little coves that come in so you, by stretching your imagination make it look like a St~i Andrew's Cross. And also there was an Abbey in ', Wales which was named Valle Crucis, and we think that may have had something to do with Bishop Ives naming it Valle Crucis. Q: And this is in Wales? A: Uh - hum, that's the original Valle Crucis. Q: What about the mission school that's over there established in the last quarter here? A: Yea, uh - hum. Q: Did it have a special name? A: Order of the Holy Cross. And in the church out here, the stone church, in the back you'll find a wooden cabinet, alter, small alter and so forth with an inscribed memorial to Brother Scyles; was the first long term member of the monastic order since the Reformation. �11. Q: That was the first one established in this country? A: Un - hum. Q: How was the community formed or why was the community formed? A: You mean sociologically, economically or ... Q: Yea, well just how did the people or when did the people begin to settle in this area? A: Well, I've got some old land deeds at home that go back to 1$02; the land in this area. Most of the families, I guess,were settled in or around this area by around 1&40, something like that. but a good many of the older ones. were a little later than that. Not all of them, My Wagner ancestors They came, pretty near as I can figure out by the records, my Grandfather must have come here just before the Civil War and he worked his way came down through Virginia as many people did from Pennsylvania and that area. He had a big family but it was all scattered and trying to pick up bits and pieces of family history has been pretty hard and I haven't really worked on it too hard. But I know that some of my uncles were not born here and others were. I know my father was born in a log cabin that my grandfather first built when he moved �12. into this area. I remember the log cabin myself. It's fallen down now , but it was standing when I was a child. Q: What were some of the major events and activities back then? A: Well, in those days we used to think the political rally in Boone was a big deal and everybody went. We had a parade on the Fourth of July and so forth. Q: How about the corn shuckings and . . . A: No, we didn't have any of that particularly. Quiltings they had to some extent, yes. Corn shuckings was just a matter of - well anything as far as the seasonal farm crops was concerned. It meant that everybody gathered at whoever was ready, their house or their farm and did the work that was to be done there and then they moved on to somebody else was ready and in the fall when there was a lot more wheat and buckwheat and rye raised they would come, machine wouldoome around. Everybody just pitched in where ever the work needed to be done, there wasn't and big deal about it. Whose ever farm was being worked that particular day, the women were responsible for feeding the gang and of course they always put on a big meal. How anybody ever went back to the fields and worked after they tucked away some of those meals, AI don't know. �13. Q: How has the community changed ovef the years? A: It's, well of course, it's become more mechanized and change over from crop farming to cattle farming. Fewer people have sizable farm or of people just don't bother anymore. ___• Lot They can go out and work for wages and go to Boone, and shop. Most of the local people though still keep something in the way of a garden. Lot of us would feel lost without it I suppose, we've had it for so long. Things like Community Club and so forth, it died out for a while particularly during the war. up again. c Since then its started The biggest difference is that instead of having summer people come and stay in the houses, many of them have built their own, as you know. So there we actually have two seasons when our part time residents are here. local ones are here. In the winter time when just us And course people, living in the community has made a difference because they're really a part of the community for at least six months of the year. Anf it's sort of evident, I suppose, our perspective having people from various places come here, lot of the small farmers and workers and so forth, they just go on pretty much as they did except they have electricity and deep freezers and f.V.'s. �H. Q: Who had been the main decision makers for the valley? A: Well, if you want to get in the social angles, I suppose, there's sorta been two levels. Important, locally v. \ • *< important families like Mast, Shawls, Bas*y4s-, Taylors, Wagners, what - have - ya. And then the people on a more of a small farmer level. were the big land owners. Those I'd say originally And the school here itself which one time owned 2,000 acres. That's a pretty good hold in North Carolina any place. awful lot of it. We sold an We actually own over 500 and some acres now. Q: Have there ever been any minority groups in the community? A: Actually when somebody from another country came here to Watauga County everybody got out and looked at them. Gosh we even had one resident from Canada at one time when I was a kid and I remember what a big deal that was. Somebody from a "foreign country". But in the natural sense of racial or I wouldn't say we had. ~__minorities, no, We had the occasional student from another country at the school maybe or visitors or something of that kind. There's been pretty much a close-knit relationship. Things start getting into family relationships in Watauga County you gotta wash both feet and your hands too or you'd get in trouble. �15. Q: When you were a child, how many people lived here as compared to the people that live here now? Has it increased? A: There was a decided decrease during World War II and after it because almost all the younger people got up and moved elsewhere and many of 'em didn't come back. And even the immediate generation following World War II, many of them moved away, but a lot them lived within a reasonable distance of here and come back to visit their families. And more and more of them are, as they reach retirement age are beginning to come back themselves just as I did. But it was a question of earning a living. Bat; o»f them didn't want to stay here and farm a few acres when they could go to some city or town, and get a better job. But it's plain the hold Valle Crucis has on people because once they've been here chances are they're gonna turn up again sometime. Now for instance, couple of our local ladies were doing a tour of England, Wales, and Scotland and they went to a little town in Landgoland right near Valle Crucis Abbey and they were having dinner there and someone asked them where they were from and they said "We're from Valle Crucis, North Carolina" and the man said, "Oh yes, I've been there. I was on a tour with a singing group that went to Appalachian State University several years ago." experiences here. He described his He'd been taken around the county, �16. shown around. Not very big on the map,, but you can always turnfsomebody i^p who's been there. Q: Have you got any memories of any specific elections whether they be local, state, or federal? A: Oh yes. on. That's one thing everybody gets pretty hot I can remember 'em all. that goes. Hoover on, as far as Well, a lot of them, I was away and I heard second hand, but we were in the early days of my memories, predominantly Democrat. My mother was a Republican. I don't,never decided so sure whether that was a political conviction or just out of stubborness. She and one or two others were Republicans and they used to get into some pretty high , heavy arguments whether or not to vote for Democrats. Now I think a lot of people, I know a lot of people then and some today still just vote the party rather than the candidate which is their affair. But it's at least broadened in some sense that most people around are aware theyenow are two parties* Which were not" in the 20'.si don't think they were. They used to have some pretty hot political meetings in Boone. And 'course well, one time I remember it was Hawl Smith's Hoover campaign. They had a Democratic rally in Johnson City which fortunately coincided with the visit of the circus. So I remember going to the �17. circus, but I remember some of the people that went down with us, they went to the rally. find the circus was more enjoyable. I I'm not particularly politically minded till I probably paid less attention to it than a lot of people would. Q: What do you remember about the transportation system when you were a young girl, did they have any railroads? A: Well Tweetsie, yes. The old BT and WNC ran from Johnson City to Boone. well when my And it ran through Elk Park mother came here in '99 Elk Park was terminal, that was the end of the line. she was And from ther brought here in a horse and buggy, one of those big double buggys and it took her, I think it was, seven hours from Elk Park to Valle Crucis. They got stuck in the mud and they got tangled up in the axles of an ox drawn wagon and a few other little items. By the time I was noticing things like that they had graveled this road out here, which had another name it wasn't 194 then, and it wasn't until 1927 or 8 that they paved this road through here for the first time. And I remember very distinctly going down to Sunday School down at St. John's or going up to Foscoe to visit an Uncle and Aunt, that we went in a horse and buggy. Mother didn't have a car and oh, it was a big deal when Mother got her �IB. Model T Ford in 1925 or 6 - 1925 when I was about four going or five I think. when she got that. That was a big exciting thing But the road from Boone to Bck-bwing Rock to the best of my memory had not been paved then, 'cause I remember going down it when it was gravel. That was the old road. now , to me, is the new road. The one we use The other one was a real doozy. Q: Do you remember very much about the mountain crafts and customs? A: Well', my clearest memory on those is of course of Mrs. Finley Mast and her sister Miss Lownny and their weaving cabin down at the Joe Mast's place on the Broadstone Camp Road. And they were very active weaving and things of that type. One of my memories was going there and watching them weave and then having Miss Lownny show me how to weave on the small loom. I never got to fool with big looms. That was too much to set for just to have somebody to play with. I remember them setting those up and watching them do that. And of course quilting - I've been ^CVwV -te- those as a child. them. I've seen them - been around And I was taught how to make a white oak split for cane chairs. Think I could still do it - �19. I never tried. But Mr. Duke Tester, he used to do that regularly and he sat down once and showed me how he split a sapling, skinned it and split it, smoothed a and so forth. Q: Could you do it if you wanted to now? A: I doubt it. I might possibly on a small one, but I'd be very insecure at trying because it's been such a long time - I've just had no chance to experiment with it. My mother went for awhile over at the craft shop in Boone, that little log cabin there at _^ corner, and took some lessons just for fun. _ At that time they had lessons there if anybody wanted to try 'em. I can't tell you who did it but I can remember people doing the old pine needle baskets and so forth. I've seen 'em do it, watched 'em do it. baskets that you see here and there. Those bark Old Mr. Jason T'Qwnsend up on Clark's Creek still makes those. Q: (side two) What were the pine baskets you were talking about? A: Took pumps of pine needles like the little tips that they pick in the winter to make wreaths out of. And They smooth 'em out and then tie them with a kind of I don't know what it is raffy or something of that kind. And then tie it and then build up row by row, shape your bowl or basket. Curl your first ones around tight and then build another bunch around that and around and aroy,iid, then on up the sides and you could shape it in �\0 or out depending on how many needles you want to use to make the shape you want. ! w I f ve seen 'em I think in 0 one of the craft shops around here, but I wouldn't r swear to it. i Otst-i -*....£, - 0, Q: Did many of the people go out looking for genseng?. ' A: Or "sang" as its sometimes called. There were quite a few of them. Q: How about -gay A: Well that was quite a growing thing because, well that's Q oJi. c>r. one reason there' s not as much -gaylight-a, as there used to be around. Much of it was picked and it was a regular thing in the fall, early winter before Christmas, people picked it by the bushels to ship out of here. And of course if you don't pick it carefully why there goes your pay 1 I jJhts. Pull the roots up and why you've ruined the whole thing. areas Now a lot of the easily -aeeeesibe were practically cleaned out of it. I still ship it out, send it out to some of my friends and relatives at Christmas time. Q: Not too many use it. About some of the customs, well for instance dating, courting, was it so much different then? A: I don't really know because as I say, when I was fifteen I was sent away to boarding school and I lost �22. supply and needed for the winter. A few, yea, and there it was winter and there were one or two sleds that they would have parties in the winter and we'd go on a sleighride. That was great fun. In those days the roads were either dirt or gravel and you could get a good track on them and really go for a good ride. That again was a group thing. Q: What do you remember about some of the folk tales, legends, and superstitions? A: Oh, the usual ones like planting your beans on Good Friday, and kill your hog at the right time of the moon 'cause if you didn't, your bacon would curl. Various home remedies and so forth that some of the older women had. Like if somebody was drowning or some- thing you'd roll 'em over a barrell and if someone threw a fit, you threw all his^ clothes in the fire and burned 'em. Didn't matter whether they were brand new, whether he had money in his pocket or not threw 'em all in the fire and burned 'em. noticed that it did much good. the garden and things like that. Never Most of 'em were about Still there's people around here that you wouldn't believe that will tell you up and down about the garden - if you don't plant at a certain time why your crop won't grow. �23, For instance if you make sauerkraut at the wrong time of the moon it'll go on you, it won't properly^ §0—bad on-y^m. season These things, they can vary from one area, one little community to another one that may be only four or five miles away. Each one will have it's own little version. Get 'em all together and have mish - mash, but they do believe them. The women here who work the school, they'll tell you straight up and down if you don't plant something at a certain time you won't have any luck with it. I can plant it at a certain time and still don't have any luck with it. Q: When did the Great Depression start as best as you can remember? A: And how many years did it last? Well I remember my first awareness of it was my mother , took the New York Times and of course Wall Street crash was very big in the N.Y. Times. I remember that part of it, I remember very distinctly the bank closing and I think in between that, as I say, we knew the people working in these areas govermnent agencies to help people out, but we simply weren't that much aware of it as they were in the cities because people here at least eould raise an adequate, or fairly adequate, food supply. I know at the store for instance, at Mast's Store, you can look it up in some of the old �24. books down there that Mr. Mast has, long lists of U^/ people who bought an credit for a long period of time until they could find work. But I imagine that right around here probably Mast store carrying people on credit did as much for the local people as some of the government agencies. They know these people; they know that they'd be good for it when they could, but really it didn't make that much of an immediate dent in most people around here. Q: What do you know about government projects WPA? A: Well they built the stone part of the public school down here and they built the post office in Boone, but they were very much present. They worked right here, and I remember the C.C.C. camps very distinctly, although there weren't any around here, but there were some boys who did go to those camps from here. various projects. There were Well, I didn't have any direct .. response to them except I knew people working on them. Q: Do you remember when they started effecting this area, or started working in this area? Well, let me think; it was'32 wasn't it? I'd say it �25. was about a year and a half or two years after that they began to show around here. I'd say and They was slower coming it was slower leaving. Q: Was there ever a scarcity of food among the people? A: Among those families who were not able to, or willing to work on their own crops. Q: Yes, there were some. Were the prices like at the store, were they high or low or during the depression? A: Well, of course compared to now, they were lower by many many times and very few people bought much of their food a:fc''!i the store outside of staples like flour and sugar and coffee. There we're a whole lot more things cheaper than coffee a lot cheaper than hard coffee bought in those days. drinking it. Lot of people are like that, still But, about all j remember in that respect is that the prices in this area seemed to me to stay fairly level. They didn't go up the way they did in some of the cities, because so many of these commodities were raised locally. And so instead of shopping potatoes out - potatoes were a cash crop at that time. Potatoes went to the towns. So these areas shipped out, out of state or further down state. Apples of course were always �26. because there were a number of orchards in this state. Pay was low, I remember that very distinctly. The men working the orchards were making 20 - 400 an hour. And women would come in and do house work, for instance, for a dollar a day. And women, that was a good day of pay. Q: Did any of the people around, try to come up with new ways for making money? A: Well, if I know crops for instance, potatoes were a big crop. Potaotes, cabbage, corn, and various grain, made crops, ^nd then we had a big thing on green beans for a while. And everybody began cash croping the beans, And that, began to fall apart. tobacco began to fail. That was when the Then when I was small, tobacco was not a big crop around here by any means. very small. It was Folks a somebody just grazed small amounts of it themselves. Something of that sort. Just been a shift in emphasis on what crop they could make cash one. Q: How about the schools? Did they change very much during the depression? A: Uh, they began to, the public schools began to pull �27. themselves up by their boot straps. They really began to take a look at what the world works and upgrading. I'ts been a long process. I think the area schools are better now then they ever were before. Even though there's in some of them. been slow improvement, I know But the school term went through- while quality and training of the teachers improved. And prior to the depression, anyone who had a high school education or a __, „ plus would gladly teach in any school they wanted to. And any teacher who had high school, or a little more, why they could teach school. They would make do with what they had at the time, or what the state would give them in the way of money. it wasn't worth much.1 i But I think from the depression on,' the schools were gradually building upwards, constantly. think they've backed any. I don't It's been a constant upward move. Q: How about the churches, did they change much during the depression? A: No, uh I don't tMnk so. Change isrfU something that uh, goes over to big around here. It takes a long �28. time and is slow. People got to stop and see something worse before they're gonna snap it up. They not gonna, somebody come roaring through with a big idea. Not many people around here are gonna fall right in the line and say okay we'll do it right now. first. They got to see if it works I think the churches have held their ground pretty, well here. I think there's less emphasis on the church as a social unit perhaps. But most of the families that went to church then, still go to church now, and they choose which church they go to and uh what the church near to one of them then. Uh, there is to some degree of the church going on the younger generations part. middle age and older groups. of alligience. I think that the It's all a certain shift Someone will belong to one church and marry someone who belongs to another church. And I think the dominant partner in a marriage says as to where the family ends up going to the mothers church or the father's church. This is true today where people don't have that conviction; but their church is the only church that they'll shift. Chances are theys go to church somewhere. Q: What do you think was best about the days back then? A: Well we lost our sense of community togetherness, I'd say. Well, this is still true right around here. If something happens to a family, everybody will get together �29. and try to do everybody will get together and try to do something about it. Or if a family's burned out for instance,everybody goes out and sprays their attic or pantry or what have you, to see what they can spare. Now of course, this has changed to a certain extent because now you can channel it through uh fire department, and before, they didn't have a fire department. was up to the neighbors to get up and do it. Before it Uh, in some ways its not quite as close a religious group because of broad communications and more travel. But still when it comes to punching somebody who's down or something like that, why the people will get together quietly and try to do something about it. Why well, this is an instance. Sort of ties in general things I guess. when my mother died. We were in Boston And coming down my husband asked on the plane, "How much will it cost to have the grave dug?" "I don't plan any arrangements or nothing. says,"What do you mean?" it done. I said,"The neighbors will have They'll get together and have it done. "But won't they charge?" He I said, "No" He says, They expept sometimes when something happens in your family, you'll come and help dig the grave for them. And uh of course we didn't stay at the house after it was closed, my house. Later on we were living here, my son-in-law died, and we didn't go in the kitchen, my step daughter and I, we didn't go in the �30. kitchen for 3 days. over the kitchen. hear a tap Well the neighbors came in and took And everybody brought food. in the door. And you'd It was somebody else with something else to bring food. And this was the way things were taken care fo down here. When something like that happens, the neighbors just sort of take over, help out. Q: I have had a lot of contact with Richard and other people in the valley; and they say it's still alot like that. A: Yes it is. Well, Mrs. Zares died recently. originally She wasn't from here, but she lived here for a few years, Their children live, one in Charlotte, and one in Baltimore I believe. But the same thing happened. Someone from the church, and various other people just came in. And every*- - body brought food. And they just took care of the meals and dishes and everything for the time the family was here. Q: What do you like best about today's life style? A: It's still relaxed^ it's comfortable and you're not pushed too much. If you want to scurry around, but if you'1 don't want to, you can sit back and know things are going to be pretty much theaame. And of course there's more worry about vandelism and breakage and there's more of it. And there's more temptation towards it too. A lot of these �31. houses are closed up six months of the year. But basically I think the community is still a unit. Of course some of us are beginning to worry that ther will be too much building and too much misuse of some of the land. And we'd like to see it kept as a small quiet country community. We have no vital urge for a shopping center or anything like that. So when we get to Boone, and you get all you have over there. Q: If you could change anything now, what would it be? Would you keep the valley like it is? A: To a certain extent. I'm not against people coming -&.. C'-^ in if it's done in a way.it doesn't spoil the valley. 1 A lot of people, a lot of people are crazy to have a golf course out here in the fields. less. But I could care Infect, I would care very strongly that I hope they don't. Because we're; our particular lot is just a little corner surrounded on three sides by a possible golf course, which I don't care for at all. t It's something ,Ife-*riT not resented, but never happy about for $0 years was the fact that I've always t(J h l'^a/H4--^ thought sold the last of the Mhifefter land. Out of a deal, I'd like to have that 70 acres still in my hands even though it is rocky on top of a ridge. But at least I know somebody's not going to put a housing development on it. �32, Q: Well Mrs. Burnham, it's been good talking to you and I sure do appreciate what you told us. Hope we can come back some other time. A: Glad to help you if I have, glad, whatever. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-11 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mary Burnham, March 19, 1973 Description An account of the resource Mary Burnham was born in Avery County where she grew up and attended Mission School for her first nine years of education. She then went to boarding school called Hannamore Academy in Ragerstown, Maryland. Ms. Bornham continued her education at Hood College in Fredrick, Maryland and Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She then worked at Swarthmore College for four years as a librarian. She also went to UNC for graduate study in ancient and Medieval history. Ms. Burnham worked as a librarian in the department of zoology at Cornell University and at Shaddock Hospital in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts where she met her husband and eventually after retirement made her way back to the Valle Crucis area. Ms. Burnham explains the history of the Mission School she attended. Ms. Burnham goes into detail about the Valle Crucis community including its history, major events, and the current differences compared to her childhood. Her memories of the area also include politics, specifically elections and the typical transportation of the area. Ms. Burnham then speaks of the traditions and customs of the area such as quilting and weaving. Other traditions she talks about include picking herbs, folktales, and group activities she experienced as a child. Ms. Burnham recollects the Great Depression and its effects on the neighborhood including the public schools and churches. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harmon, Lester Burnham, Mary Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/19/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 32 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape37_MaryBurnham_1973_03_19M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Valle Crucis, NC Subject The topic of the resource Avery County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--North Carolina--Avery County Valle Crucis (N.C.)--History--20th century Cornell University Drexel Institute Great Depression Hannamore Academy Hood College Mission School Shaddock Hospital Swarthmore College Valle Crucis https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/4743dc2ef0e6271ab4c1849404d68d78.pdf acabacef6e87de20fb1f713c9db3c2e7 PDF Text Text ����������������������������������������������������������������� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/4758ab4eb7f0595d5f0856a754e932a1.pdf 3aaa32c33b7f20f84a777d7315330001 PDF Text Text June 13.-- This morning it is densely cloudy. It looks as if the rain is going to fall every minute. The expected shower makes our hearts glad, but our joy is soon returned to sorrow. The clouds begin to break and the sun comes out in all his glory. It seems now that it never will rain. It is a time of gloom. This morning we hoe the com in the garden. We rush in order to escape the rain, but the weeds 983 �are ready for the sun to scorch. In the afternoon we remain at home. There is some comfort in reading and meditating upon the good things of life. June 14.-- This is a fine day. The drought continues. Many of us are blue in regard to the weather. We think that every thing is going to dry up. At Sunday School we have a large number. Rev. Wagner Reese, of Kentucky, preaches for us. His theme is "Faith". He handles his subject well. His voice is very strong. In many respects it is an able discourse. For dinner we have Mr. Spears, of South Carolina; A. I. Greene, of Bone; and G. H. Thomas, of Mabel. I remain at home all the afternoon. We have a very pleasant time. June 15.-- This morning I go to Boone on business. I have no success in seeing the parties that I wish. I attend court for a short time. This is a civil term. Judge Harding, of Charlott, is presiding. He is one among the best of our judges. I return home by noon. In the afternoon we hoe some com. It is dreadfully dry. The dust is about all that we can can stand. Just a little after dark the gentle rain begins to fall. The people must feel grateful for this shower, for we have been wanting it for many days. June 16.-- All the plant world seems refreshed. The shower has done a wonderful thing. It has renewed our hopes for a bountiful crop. Our com is hoed for the first time. It is the largest that we have ever had for its age. It is kneehigh. The ground is in the finest condition for working that I have ever seen. By noon the com is stirred. In the afternoon we have some com plowed. Beside this we put out some cabbage. This is the hardest work that I ever do. June 17.-- We hoe our com at Uncle John Smith's. We work until noon. We have to stop on the account of rain. At noon we go to A. C. Mast's & Co's store on business. By two o'clock it is dry enough for us to be in the field working com. Just as we finish we have another rain. This time it comes hard and the ground is wet. This shower is fine on plants. This year there has not been much season for transplanting. The ground has been very dry. It is rare for it to be this way here. June 18.-- This is a great day. We screen our house. The flies have been making us very uncomfortably [sic]. In fact the comfort of not being tormented with the flies is worth all that it costs. In the afternoon I go to Mr. W. F. Sherwood's on business. We have a pleasant hour with him. I also stop a short time at the home of Will Payne's. At night I attend a box supper at the High School Building. It is a late hour before it is over. I must confess that it is a tiresome job to be up so late. I do not sleep until after midnight. 984 �A J Greene Diaries June 19.-- All who had a hand in the debauch of last night are feeling tough today. I must confess that I am not able for much. I try to sleep a little twice. I do not make much headway at it. I think that some of us will not be so anxious to go to the next one. During the day I do very little work. I am too tired and stupid to succeed at any job. I try to regain what I lost during the past night. June 20.-- Today I have been sick. I have to eat the second breakfast. This does not put a man in good condition for the duties of the day. Food does not taste the best to me. I work in my potatoes. They are reviving from the frost. We expect to make some good potatoes. The comfry [?]is mean to get out of them. It makes the work slow. I visit Conly Glenn, a sick man. He is threatened with fever. He is cheerful and is not likely to get low. June 21.-- Today we have one of the finest days that we have had in a long time. There is scarcely a cloud to be seen any where. At Willow dale we have a large Sunday School. Some of our people are careless in regard to their attendance. From here Mrs. Greene, Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Smith, Master Paul Smith and I go toJ. A. Warren's at Silverstone for dinner. We remained the greater part of the afternoon. We have a splendid time. We return home by night. June 22.-- This is becoming a great day with me. Nine years ago I quit using tobacco. I have no regret to record. My opinion is that is one among the wisest moves that I have ever made. It has saved much money and my health. Today I have worked in my potatoes. I am delighted that this is the last working. I am leaving the remainder to the season. Of course we are not able to see what the ultimate outcome is going to be. June 23.-- I am out early and into my potatoes. There are signs of rain, therefore we wish to finish before it begins. All the help that we have comes to our rescue. By nine o'clock we come from the field. Mr. Caudle, of Valle Crucis, came to our home to appraise our land. He is a pleasant gentleman. We have rain in abundance. The shower is fine for all plant life. The rain is not violent, but gentle. It is one of these showers that wet the ground in a satisfactory manner. June 24.-- This morning we have one of the fine showers of the season. The ground is wet. There is enough moisture to mature the crops. In the afternoon we have another shower. There is some wind with this. Today I visit Conly Glenn, who is in the bed with mumps. This is a terrible disease when it gets hold of a man in the right way. In the afternoon we take vacination [sic] for typhoid fever. Almost all the people take it. They see the fine results that come from it. Some years ago only a few had any faith in it. We have 985 �scarcely any fever of late years. June 25.-- This morning we have one of the hardest showers of the season. For more than two hours there is a steady downpour. At nine o'clock I start to Elizabethton, Tenn. I go by jitney from Vilas to Elk Park. I have an interesting time over a scenic road. From Elk Park I go on the train. The most of the travel is going by car in place of the train. At 2:15 I am in Elizabethton. I remain in the town for some time. Then I go to J. F. Egger's for the night. I am tired enough to rest. June 26.-- This is a day of no exciting events. The first thing of note a dog trade. It is remarkable how much greater are the demands for a dog than a horse. In the afternoon Mr. Graydon P. Eggers and I go to Elizabethton to while away some time. By some means we are on the "blue" or despondent group. The liveliest thing is the movie. It is remarkable how many people go. People are not trying to learn something, but the secret of the crowd is that it wishes to be amused. June 27.-- This is a fine day. I do not make any history of note. I listen to J. F. Eggers tell what great plans that he has for the future. It is amusing to see how he makes plans and no one dares to molest in the least. In the afternoon we go to Keenburg. We visit Mr. and Mrs. James Blair for a short time. The next event is to see a game of ball between Stony Creek and Turkey Town. There is some good playing. I spend the night at Calvin Eller's. June 28.-- This morning I go toT. A. Egger's for the day. We arrive there early. I have the pleasure of meeting Mrs. Culver and Mrs. Freitz, friends of former days. At the right hour we attend Sunday School at Fairview. It falls upon us to teach a class. Rev. Mr. Black, of Johnson City, preaches. During the afternoon we have a splendid time. There are many things for us to discuss and to enjoy. Late in the day Abner Eggers drives us to J. F. Eggers' where we conclude the day. June 29.-- At an early hour I decide to start home. I have a few minutes to wait in Elizabethton. I look over the new High School Building. At nine I board the train for Elk Park. From there I go to Banner Elk. I go to Grace Hospital to consult a doctor, but he is too busy to see me. In the afternoon I am examined. I meet with some encouragement. It is late before the jitney comes, but we arrive at home just before night. The best of trip is getting home. June 30.-- After a man returns from a trip, it takes some time to adjust to the home environment. I rest a part of the day. I must look at my mail. In the afternoon we cut some stove wood. I find that it is easy to make a drive on the wood, and not wait until necessity forces us into it. It is not long until we have a whole tree ready for hauling. This is the finest lot of wood that we have had in a long time. Good eating is just ahead. 986 �A J Greene Diaries JULY July 1.-- This is a fine day. I do not remember a season when there has been more delightful weather. The rains have not been abundant. In our garden we have some com. After all our difficulties we have a fairly good stand. At this time we think we have a fair chance of making a crop. Today we take our second treatment for typhoid fever. Just a few years ago we had only a few people that had any faith, but new almost all the people take it. July 2.-- I am out early and on my way to Mabel. In fact I go without breakfast. I go to my father's and have a bite to eat. From here I go to my old home and see how things are going. In the afternoon I visit some of [the?] older people in the community. Among these are: Uncle Henry Greer, Aunt Rachel Swift, Aunt Elizabeth Greer and Grandma Norris. People do change reapidly. I have supper with G. H. Thomas. I have had a fairly pleasant day. I have heard much news. I do not know whether I can stand it or not. July 3.-- During the night there is a light rain. Vegetation seems refreshed. By this the crops are kept going. I go to Mabel in order to catch a way home. I do not wait long until I am on the way. Long before noon I am at home. After all this is the best part of any trip. In my absence I find that the boys have carried on business in a good style. In the afternoon I help them to finish the last piece. It seems that they are anxious to get the work out of the way. July 4.-- There is not a celebration of the Fourth within reach of us. The most of our people go quietly about their business. I remain at home until noon. I go to the Masonic lodge at Sugar Grove. The number in the meeting is small, but number does not always count. The set order of the day is the instillation [sic] of officers. Brother W. S. Farthing does this . He is one man that has the ceremony committed to memory. He can do this job in grand style. It seems that Masonry is on the decline. Many are withdrawing. July 5.-- This is Sunday. How soon a week does go! We can hardly realize how fast that time does go. It is a difficult job to keep a school gooing. We have so many who carry the burden lightly. Perhaps our community has made a little history today. The young people organize a Baptist Young People's Union. The trouble with much of our religious work is that the young folks are neglected. We need to give more attention to training. July 6.-- Today I make a trip to Boone. I manage to get in town at an early hour. I soon find that it is a big day in Boone. There are many people here on business. I am at the Normal School for a short period. From here I go to the Methodist Church and attend a meeting of a Ministerial 987 �Association. There are only a few who are in attendance. I go from here to the Courthouse. I find many people who are attending to affairs in the town. I see many old friend[s]. It is a great day to see people. July 7.-- I do many things today. The first job that I have is hoeing beans. The fine dirt that they growing in pleases me. The second item of business is filling out a land blank and getting and [sic] it in the mail. The next is preparing the ground and sowing some turnips. We are doing our best to raise something to eat the coming winter. We have not done much farming, because we did not move until late. July 8.-- This morning we finish our land papers. I am hoping that it will not be long before we shall have our home secure. It seems that it is taking a masterful effort to put every thing in line. The remainder of the day finds my time occupied in duties at the home. A man can always have some little job to hold his attention. Our garden demands much time. We have make [sic] stakes for our tomatoes. Stove wood claims much of our attention. I also give some of my time to reading. July 9.-- We have with us Rachel Greene and June Thomas with two children. When they came there is much excitement in the camp. The girls dig som of my improved Early Roses. If a fine looking boy whould come, we are not able to imagine what would have happened. It is amusing to hear a crowd of women. All can talk at the same tome. The wonder of the whole thing is that they do not get confused. Men are not able to carry on in this way. July 10.-- This is a fine day. Doubtless it has been a long time since we have had so much dry weather in one seasib, The ground has been in good condition for working crops all the time. In the afternoon Herman Eggers from Mount Pleasant, Tennessee arrives at our home for a few days. He has been teaching there for three years. Durning this time he has been in three states. Many school experiences have come his way. This is one of the rich sides of life. July 11.-- We remain at home until noon. It seems that it is hard for me to do much book work. The greater part of the morning is spent in revising the roll of members for Willowdale Baptist Church. This is a job that I delight in doing. In the afternoon I attend services at the Baptist Church. The pastor, G. W. Trivett, exhorts us to continue in "The Good Old Ways". I fear that this type of preaching will react and cause stagnation. July 12.-- Sunday morning comes to us. It seems only a few hours from one Sunday to the next. As usual we go to Sunday School. We have a prosperous session. At the preaching hour the pastor gives us a farewell discourse. His theme is doctrine. Some men cannot get out of a rut. Why is it that we want to look backward instead of forward? The present and the future can be improved, but the past is gone and can not be recalled. We ought to let the dead past bury itself. July 13.-- Monday morning greets us. Our appetite for work is not very strong. We do things 988 �A J Greene Diaries in a loose way. Our boys do some real hunting. They bring in enough game to make gravy. It seems that it is a tendency among hunters to eat what they kill. In the afternoon I go to the store. It has been my policy this season to stay away from the store unless I have some business. Loafing is one of the habits that we do not need to form. July 14.-- This is what I call a home day. The events are not distinguished in the least. Nothing except the common and the usual has come our way. I suppose that this is true with the most of us. The extraordinary comes to only a few person[s]. The sum total of our lives is filled with the common routine. Our great duty is to make the usual and the common place worth while. Just a few times in a life do we have a chance to play the part of a giant. July 15.-- This is a day full of excitement. The first thing is a trip to Boone in a car. Herman Eggers and I go to the Normal. We look over the plant. At the chapel hour Supt. Robinson, of Cabarrus County makes an address. He says many practical and suggestive things. From here we go to the land sale on the A. E. South property in the northern part of town. The sale is cunducted by Pitt Brothers. The crowd follows the wagon. The band helps to keep up the morale of the bidders. The next excitement is the ascension of the balloon. This stunt is performed by a lady from Ohio. The ascent is made in a short time and then she cuts loose and makes the descent. She lands in a locust tree. She does not suffer any injury. It takes some time to get her down. We return to town and soon find a way home. I must confess that we are tired. It is the hardest day that we have had in a long time. I must record that the might Hoag Show is in town. Many people line the Highway to see the elephants and other animals pass. The town of Boone is full of people. They come from every comer of the county. Some fof the old people say that it is the largest crowd that has been to town [in?] a long time. My observation is that the majority of folks love the light things of life. The lower instincts are easily influenced. The show appeals to this. July 16.-- All sweet has some bitter mixed with it. The revel of yesterday brings to us a feeling of remorse. The travel of yesterday leaves our limbs a little sore. On an occasion like this we eat too much. At noon Herman Eggers makes his departure for Mabel. He has been content and seems to have enjoyed his stay. For one week I have not done much work. The hardest time for any one is not to have a definite job. It is a hard task to drag along. July 17.-- The new day finds us in the com field. We work steadily from morning until noon. I must confess that it is a warm time to labor in the field. After a good dinner and a rest we return to the field and finish our job in one hour. This work is done for a neighbor. In a short time I go to the store. Upon my return I am in a little, but it is not enough to wet the ground. Of course it helps vegetation. 989 �July 18.-- The greatest event of the day happened this morning. Our son Doughton killed a large owl. It would have measured about five feet from tip to tip. Some crows were fighting with it when he arrived on the scene. with a gun. To say that he was delighted is putting it lightly. I manage to sow some turnips. We are putting out a few on various day[s] in order to find the best time. We are trying to find a time when they will grow the best. A man can get much pleasure from growing things. July 19.-- Sunday has come our way again. The weeks come and go rapidly. A busy man does not have time to reckon with the time. At Sunday School we have some interesting discussions. At times a few of the class will talk. The trouble with our people is that they do not study in order to know things. So many people are lazy mental!. We have with us today Mr. and Mrs. I. A. Bumbamer. Really they are likable and interesting people. We have a good time. July 20.-- Monday morning is here. I make a dive for the field in order to hoe my com for the last time. I make one famouse drive until noon. We have more than half of it. At noon we have a rain. It is not enough to wet the ground. We do not get much done in the afternoon. The com is wet so that it is fility (?) to move about in. Late in the day we have a visit from Misses Shoun and Smith. We have much fun with the lively young ladies. July 21.-- At an early hour we are in the field hoeing com. At ten o'clock we finish the field. This delights our heart very much. At the noon hour we read about the great evolution trial at Dayton, Tennessee. W. J. Bryan is on the stand with Clarence Darrow questioning him about the Bible. It is a battle between giants. In the evening Graydon Eggers, of Elizabethton, Tennessee, arrives at our home for a few d~ys. We are pleased to see him. July 22.-- Today.is a busy time with me. I work on my diary. I have started into my twentieth year. I manage to derive some pleasure out of this. At times I delay so that I am compelled to do much writing at once. H. R. Eggers comes from Zionville. The Eggers brothers have a reunion. They make a trip to Boone in order to have a game of tennis. They seem to have a great zeal for sport. This has a tendency to keep one young body and mind. A man does not need to get old too soon. July 23.-- Today I assisted W. J. Mast in putting up some hay. I must record that it is one of the finest times for this business that I have ever seen. The ground is dry and the sun is hot. Both make an ideal condition. At night the Klu Klux Klan [sic] puts on a celebration in Boon. This excites all the people. It seems that all the trucks and cars in the west end of the county are carrying people to Boone. Many 990 �A J Greene Diaries of our people are curious to see the robed clansman in a march. July 24.-- I decide to attend church at Cove Creek. I walk all the way. It is a long hot trip on the Highway. I am real early and I wait at the store until the hour comes. Rev. Arthur Sherwood, of Erwin, Tennessee, is doing the p[r]eaching. His theme today is "Troubles". He handles it in a masterful way. I go toW. Y. Perry's for dinner. I hear him tell about his wonderful experiences at the University of North Carolina. A man never gets too old to lear a few things. July 25.-- The Gospel that appeals to our good sense and that stirs our emotions draws us. I must attend service at Cove Creek again. The theme is "God's Vast Estate". It is handled in a happy way. The glories of the future life is portrayed in glowing terms. The Good News makes our hearts glad. At the conclusion of the service I ride to my home at CozyNook with John K. Perry. The remainder of the day is spent at home. I combine reading and work. July 26.-- This mornint I spend some time in reading my Bible. I am trying to read it from beginning to end during the year. I think that I am going to succeed. At the usual hour we attend Sunday School at Willowdale. The lesson is discussed with some degree of intelligence. As I often say, people do not study the Bible. In the afternoon I attend a meeting of the B.Y.P.U. at the church. The young people put the program across in good style. With the proper encouragement they will come on well. July 27.-- I cut just a little grass. I am sorry that I have so little to cut. To my sorrow I look into my potatoes and find that my crop is very light. This causes us some disappointment. In the afternoon we assist Uncle John Smith in his hay. I must confess that it is a fine [time?] for the business. What is lacking in quantity is made up in quality. We have never seen it better. July 28.-- We have some evidences of rain this morning, but before the noon hour come[s] we are having ideal hay weather. The dry weather is becoming almost alarming. It will not take many more days to do serious damage. The pastures are burning up. This will make our grazing during the autumn short. In the afternoon we help Uncle John Smith again . We finish the job. The greatest fun is to see a crowd of boys fight a nest of bumblebees. July 29.-- This morning we finish cutting our little meadow. It show[s] no sign of raining. We can not but feel in distress about our crops. Ov course there will be rain in due season. We often become scared before we are hurt. In the afternoon we gather our onions. We find that we have more than we thought. On my way home my good friend Frank Bingham hauls my onions for me. The last duty of the day is to shock our hay. 991 �July 30.-- This is one of the clearest days that we have had in a long time. There seems no signs of rain. The people are longing to see the showers. Today we have the doctor to see Mrs. Greene. He extracts three teeth for her. She is complaining with her head. Late in the day we are delighted with a crate of peaches from Jesse Butt of Hamlet, N.C. We enjoy them immensely. The boys purchase some horse shoes and we are prepared for games at Cozy Nook. This is a fine game for all boys. July 31.-- To our great joy we have some light showers of rain. Of course the ground is not wet, but it is enough to revive vegetation. Today we spend much time in reading the Bible. We are trying to read th[r]ough it within the next three weeks. Hon. W. J. Bryan is buried at Washington, D. C. Today. He died at Dayton, Tennessee hast Sunday. Perhaps no man of this generation has had a stronger hold on the people. He numbers his friends by the millions. A good and great man is gone to his reward. AUGUST Aug. 1.-- This is the day appointed to work on the Howell cemetary [sic] near Vilas, N.C. By appearance it has had no work done on it in a long time. The ground is almost covered with bushes and briers. A large number come and we have the work done by noon. In the afternoon I go to A. C. Mast's store. I remain there for some time and then I return home. I find the boys in a game of pitching horse shoes. I soon join the game. We pitch until it is almost night. Aug. 2.-- Sunday is a day in which I have a full day. The first thing is to make some preparation on the lesson. Next I do some reading in different versions of the Scriptures. It is interesting to make comparisons. In Sunday School we have a good number. Our theme is the many familiar quatations in the Book of James. He tells us about the practical things in the religious life. In the afternoon I remain at home. I read and enjoy homelife. Aug. 3.-- Monday morning finds us on our way to Boone. We do not walk far until we catch a car and soon we are in town. I attend to some busiess at the courthouse. The next place is the Normal School. 132 At a late hour I arrive at the Ministerial Conference at the Methodist Church. 132 Note that Greene is now referring to the Normal School rather than to the Training School. 992 �A J Greene Diaries Rev. Mr. Downing conducts the devotional. The greatest feature of the meeting is an address by Col. F. A. Olds, of Raleigh. The next step is a way home. Soon I find this. I think that I have had a good day. Aug. 4.-- The heavens are wrapped in a vapor. The appeareance is rain. We are eager to see the mist come down. The earth is parched. There has been no wetting rain for more than four weeks. To our sorrow we do not get a shower. This day has been a delight for us. We have been cutting some wood. We have cut five trees. In all my life I have never seen such a fine time to get wood. The wood is dry on every hand. Aug. 5.-- This is a glad day for .all of us. Just at dark we have a splendid shower of rain. Of course it does not wet the ground, but it is fine for the vegetables. In the early morning there are no signs of rain. We are not able to anticipate just what is going to happen in the weather business. Today we make use of the weather to cut some more wood. We tried a tree that almost put us out of business. It is so hard that it cut slowly. By noon we have enough of it. Aug. 6.-- This is another fine day. What a fine summer this has been! There has been no mud to bother us. On every hand it has been easy going. This morning we have a job of fencing on hand. We are making a road up the valley to our wood. We move our garden fence in order to keep from going through it. In due time we want to put our place in good shape. There are so many things to do we can't decide what is first. Aug. 7.-- The sun still is parching the earth. Perhaps all time has not revealed so much dry weather in the growing season. We have not had much rain during the whole season. The greatest day for some time came to me today. I have the happy sensation of shelling a bushel of com and carrying it to mill. To my surprise a lady is the miller. It seems that women are in every line of activity. I must confess my astonishment when I learn how well that she does the work. Aug. 8.-- This morning I walk to Mabel with Graydon and Herman Eggers. By the time we reach the village my feet are tired and sore. I go to my father's for dinner. I have mever seen it so dry in this part of the country. From here I go to Mabel to see a game of ball. The visiting team does not come, hence the game is a failure. Soon I start home. By the time we make a safe arrival the rain commences. We have a good shower. How glad we are to see it! It makes our hearts glad. Aug. 9.-- The day dawns upon us in its beauty. The night has brought new life to the vegetation. The earth has had a bath. At the usual hour I attend Sunday School at Willowdale. In spite of much visiting we have a large crowd. We have much interest in the discussion on class. In the afternoon my father pays me a short visit. I go with him to Vilas. Here we have a long wait for a car. There is much travel on the road. All are trying to see how fast that they can go. 993 �Aug. 10.-- This is one of the hottest days that we have had this season. The sun almost bums. The plants wilt under his rays. A few days like this one and our crops will be burned up. The greater part of the day is spent in writing a report to the association and in preparation of a speech to the report. In making investigations we discover much interesting data. We find that three fourths of all the Baptists in the world live in the United States. Aug. 11.-- This is a day of much interest. I attend the Three Forks Association. This session is held with the Three Forks Church three miles east of Boone. Smith Hagaman is chosen Moderator and W. Y. Perry Clerk. F. M. Huggins, of Boone, preaches the annual sermon. One of the outstanding features of the day is the annual address of the Moderator. The second is the speech of R. D. Stuckenbroke to the report of missions. M. L. Kesler makes a timely address to the report on the orphanage. I come home for the night. Aug. 12.-- I return for the second day of the Association. There is not so much unity today as there was yesterday. Uriah Farthing tries to take the thing by physical force. He does his best to start something. The report on education is the best discussed of any report. The cheering at a religious gathering, I think, is entirely out of place. Some of our people always want to pass judgment on something that they know nothing about. Just as we start home there is rain. Aug. 13.-- This is one of the hottest days that we have had in a long time. In some of the cities it is reported above 100°. At our work we suffer from heat. We have decided to build a hog lot. Our job is to cut the timber. It does not take us long to do this. I am sure that it is one of the hottest times that I have been out in a long time. It is a rare thing for it to register more than 90° in this section. Aug. 14.-- Another warm day comes our way. On every hand we hear the remark, "I have never seen it so dry before". It is becoming alarming as to the supply of water. Many springs have ceased to run. In the afternoon we have a shower of rain. It does not wet the ground much. It would take several days to saturate the ground in order to make the water flush. Many people do rejoice to see the light showers. At times we need to stop and think how dependent we are. Aug. 15.-- This is a day filled with activity. The first important event of the day is the survey of a road to Cozy Nook. The same is let to contract to Whittington Bros. This is one much needed improvement on our farm. The next step is to attend Church at Willowdale. The new paster, the Elder R. C. Eggers, of Zionville, is on hand and preaches from the theme "Temptation". He and Mr. I. A. Bumgarner have dinner with us. The day comes to a close without any more very important events to be recorded. Aug. 16.-- Sunday comes our way once more. I use Sunday morning for review of Sunday School lesson and for some general reading. The number at school is large. The interest is good. 994 �A J Greene Diaries In the afternoon Rev. Mr. Eggers talks to us from the theme, "Making a Record". It is a fine discussion of an important topic. There are some people who do not care for more than one trip to the church on Sunday. We need to use the house. Aug. 17.-- One great event must be put on record and it for other to see and be made to rejoice. The road to Cozy Nook is commenced. We are pleased to learn that we are to have a better way to come go from our home. By the aid of the boys we finish our hog lot and transfer our hog to the same. The pen has been a nuisance all the summer. In due time I hope to have many more needed improvements at this place. Aug. 18.-- I am sick this morning. I lost my breakfast. I do not work much. At noon I go to the picnic at F. C. Ward's dairy barn. There are many people present. There are some speeches. Dinner is served on the ground. The afternoon is devoted to games and amusements. The greatest show of the day is the milking of the cows by a machine. The happiest hour of the day is the hour when it is raining. The dust is hardly laid. Aug.19.-- The day is warm. The day is hot and the drought is not broken. The work on the road still progresses. It is amusing to see how many colored folks come to see how the boys are coming on. The boys lose much valuable time trying to do work with a sorry team. We long to see the completion of [the?] job. The greatest show of the day is the working of the colored man from Johnson City, Tenn. He assumed the proportions of a boss. Aug. 20.-- This morning I try my luck at my favorite job, cutting stove wood. I must confess that it is rather warm for this job. Late in the day I go with the Elk Park jitney to Boone to attend the graduating exercise at the Appalachian State Normal School. 133 The address is deliverd by Dr. J. Henry Highsmith, of Raleigh. His theme is "Self-expression["]. There are about twenty-five graduates. This is the largest class to graduate from the college department. Aug. 21.-- This morning we have a little rain. We are pleased to see the ground a little wet. In just a short time the clouds break away and we are just as dry as ever. We long to see the rain fall for a day at a time. I come home from Boone. I meet with Mrs. Bell West Jones. We have a pleasant time from Boone to Vilas. In the afternoon I am at home. The boys finish the road. Now we are able to come to my home in a car. At night we are visited by Dr. W. 0 . Bingham and Prof. Chas. Greene. 133 This is the first time he uses the full new name of the college. 995 �Aug. 22.-- This morning we are at business early. We dig potates until noon. By this hour all my strength is gone. I have not been so tired in a long time. I must record that my crop is almost a failure. Afternoon I try to rest. I am almost too tired to relax. By some means I am not able to stand hard work as I once did. During the afternoon we try to read and study some. It seems that I am not able to meditate as much as I ought. One thing follows another. Aug. 23.-- This is a great day for the people ofWillowdale Sunday School. We take our school to Mt. Vernon for a picnic. We arrive a little late for Sunday School. The writer addresses the School from the theme, "The Call to Service". At the noon hour we eat our lunches on the grounds of the church. Afternoon we have some singing. It is as fine as I ever heard. The people of this community treated us with the greatest kindness possibly [sic]. It gives us a longing to make this trip again. At three o'clock we start for home. All who had the good fortune to go report a bully time. In the evening we have a meeting of our young people at the church. They have their usual program. Mr. H. R. Eggers delivers an address. His theme is "The Worthwhile Life". He puts it in five divisions: (1) Business, (2) Pleasure, (3) Study, (4) Courtesy, (5) Christian. In many respects it is a very fine address . By the time that I return home I am tired enough to sleep. This has been a busy day. Aug. 24.-- This morning I leave my home for Boone. I walk about half way to the town. I am in Boone at an early hour. I am at the school ready for business. The students and teachers are coming in. It looks now that we are to have a large crowd for the opening. I have several things to do during the day. We meet several new teachers. It seems that we are to have more help. By night I am located in my old room in Justice Hall. I think that I shall be able to do a good year's work. Aug. 25.-- The night is cool. Much cover is comfortable. This morning there is a little frost. The fog keeps it from doing any damage. The weather is desolate. It is going to be a hard year to get the things that we need. School opens today. We spend the entire day classifying. It is one of the hardest days that I have had in a long time. I must confess that I have gone to the limit. In some respects it has been a delight to meet with old friends . There are so many that are happy to return. Aug. 26.-- Again this morning there is a light frost. The damage is slight. The hot dry weather still continues. How we do long to see some rain! To say the least conditions are alarming. The most of classes met today. It is some job to get a school to running well. Many little things come up to annoy us. After school I am so tired that I take a walk in order to rest. I cross the ridge to Mr. Hayes' to purchase some apples. I get a good rest by the time that I return. Aug. 27.-- This is another day of real work. I am almost too tired to rest. I come to the point that 996 �A J Greene Diaries I have no appetite for work. At chapel we have Dr. Jeffcoat, of the Lutheran Church, and Dr. McCauley, of the city of Raleigh. It seems that we are blessed with visiting preachers. We receive much fatherly advice from the churchmen. After dinner I take a walk. I do not get enough exercise. I must do my best to retain my health. This must be done at the expense of pleasure. Aug. 28.-- This is a gloomy day. The fog has been dense and has hung low. Just at break of day there is a little rain. Our hearts are glad. All the day we have been expecting for the rain to commence. There is just enough moisture to keep the dust down. The ground is thirsty for water. At school we have had the usual routine. The opening has been great. The College has one hundred twenty-nine and the High School one hundred twenty-nine. It seems that we are in Iaine for greater things. The people are coming this way from different parts of the state. Aug. 29.-- The day is foggy. There is an appearance of rain. All of us long to see it commence. The awful drought still remains unbroken. Many hearts are yearning for the earth to get a bath. In many places there is a shortage of water. At a meeting of the faculty President Dougherty discusses the future of the school. It occurs to me that we have a congenial group of people to work with. I get a late start for home. By the assistance of good friends I am at home in three fourths of an hour. I am always pleased to be at home week-ends. Aug. 30.-- This is a fine day. We long to see the rain fall, but good weather is a delight to any one. At Sunday School we have a large crowd. I feel sure that our school is increasing in efficiency. A Mr. Davis, of Damascus, Va., is with us. He makes a short address to the school. I go from school home. I spend the remainder of the day there. A man loves to get away from the crowd and rest his tired nerves. At times it is almost too hot for me to rest. Aug. 31.-- This is a day long to be remembered. The rain comes in a light degree. The sound of thunder is pleasant to many ears. We may see much rain from this date. I remain at home until late. I do several little jobs at home. The first is to dig some potatoes. Next I cut a fine pile of wood for the stove. I also manage to read just a little. As a whole I do a fairly good day's work. I have not had time to idle much. I have been on the go. SEPTEMBER Sept. I.-- Today the school attends the funeral ofHon. E. S. Coffey. On Sunday evening he d1ed suddenly. The funeral takes place at the Baptist Church at ten o'clock. Rev. F. M. Huggins, the Pastor of the church is in charge. He pays a very high tribute to the memory of the deceased. Rev. 997 �W. W. Bradshaw, of Hickory, pays a very eloquent tribute to his friend and schoolmate. Attorney F. A. Linney, his law partner delivers an eloquent oration. This is one among the best conducted funerals that I have ever attended. There is an immense crowd at the church. Sept. 2.-- This is a fine day. The rain ceases and it seems that we are in for more dry weather. By some means the air does not get right for moisture to condense. At school we have a busy day. There is something to demand our attention each moment. Some one is making an unusual demand for consideration. By some means I tire easily. The classes make an awful drain upon my nervous energy. A man can not stand all kinds of heavy usages. Sept. 3.-- The school is making the transission [sic] from a Regional High School to a standard Normal College rapidly. Today we have more than one hundred in the college. This school must have some ideals to attain. One of these is to develop a high type of character in its students. We may not be able to produce the highest type of intellect, but no school is in a better position to develop character. The climatic conditions are conducive to study. We are free from the rigid winters and the excessive heat of summers. The influence of no large center of people is felt. The town that has grown up around the school is composed of the very best people. Again the college has a fine type of people to serve. Doubtless there cannot be found a more religious people. None of the wild theories have seriously disturbed the inhabitants of our mountain section. Another point in our favor is that we have no race problem. Our people are making progress in a solid way. We have a people that fear God and obey the laws of the land. Sept. 4.-- The greatest event of the day is a meeting of the faculty. The school is divided into three divisions--College, High School and Elementary. The chief thing that we have under discussion is the ideals of the school. The one thing that will count most is the development of character. The growing of a character is the one prime thing in life. It is one thing that stands uppermost in nur career. What we need most is a spirit of work! There are so many people who never acquire the habit of industry. They idle all their days. Sept. 5.-- The day is warm and bright. The rain fails to come. How welcome a good warm shower would be. The dust is dreadful. In school we run the usual course. There is no unusual events. The student body impresses me as a serious crowd--one that is bent upon work. In the afternoon I go to my home at Vilas. I manage to arrive home long before night. I find that the stairs have been run. I am doing my best to add some improvements in my home. Sept. 6.-- This is a day long to be remembered. It is an awful hard day on us. The heat is desperate. In the shade we suffer. At Sunday School we have a good crowd. In our class we have a fine discussion of things that interest us very much . Mrs. Greene and I take dinner with Mr. and Mrs. V. M. Presnell's. It is one among the finest that 998 �A J Greene Diaries we have had in a long time. There is no finer spirit among neighbors than taking a meal with each other occasionally. During the evening I try to read some, but it is too hot for me to do much. This kind of weather is rare at this season of the year. Sept. 7.-- This morning I am out early. My breakfast is eaten and I am on my way to Boone. I have the good fortune to walk more than half of the way. My good friend Bill Banner takes me in his car and carries me to Boone. This is Monday of court. It seems that all the county is here. They come from every direction. Judge Stack is the new judge. His charge to the jury is one of the finest that I have ever heard. I feel sure that he made a fine impression on the people of the county. The next event is the sale of real estate in the Daniel Boone Park. This is an interesting affair. It is a fine type of mob psychology. Men are lifted out of their reason, and they follow impulse. A crowd is so apt to follow a suggestion. I never bid at a sale. I find that it is not safe. Sept. 8.-- This is another hot day. Perhaps it is not so warm as yesterday. I must confess that I have suffered much from the heat. How we do long for a good shower! In school we have some good work. There are many students who are taking their work too lightly. We must have more work soon. After the work of the day is over, I make a trip to court. There is a large crowd in attendance. In many respects it is a dirty place to go. Many people carry their dirty things to court for an airing. Here we see the dark side of life. The best people are not found in court. We are delighted to record that we have many good judges who are doing their bit for the elevation of our brothers. In the flesh we are weak and unable to extricate ourselves from the wall of sin that surrounds us. Sept. 9.-- Summer is never warmer than it has been today. The heat is intense. In some sections there are showers, but we do not have any. In case that this kind of weather continues things will become serious. In a short time the water supply will become exhausted. At school we find many who are not working. Some of them have too many activities that are outside the regular work. After the work of the day is over, I make a trip to court. This is not a suitable place for me because the court is selecting a jury to try David Wooten for killing Leonard Triplett. It has the appearance of a battle. Able men are employed on both sides. Sept. 10.-- During the night we have a light shower of rain. It is just enough to cool the air and lay the dust. In the afternoon we have some more rain . The rain is light in Boone, but it is heavy in other parts of the county. Just a light shower is appreciated. In many places the people are praying for rain. Court is in session again today. I go for a short time. The lawyers are arguing the case against David Wooten for killing Leonard Triplett at Blowing Rock. It is an ugly case. The sad thing is that Wooten was an officer of the law. 999 �To-day I have one of my sad moods on. All my life I have been subjected to these. When I am in this condition, I must confess that I am not a safe friend. I am so likely to do something that is foolish. Sept. 11.-- Today has been warm again. At times there is an appearance of rain. However the day passes without a rain at this place. From all appearances rain is near by. The long drought is slightly broken. The most eventful thing in the school is the Freshmen elect a president. After a battle with ballots John Edgar Brown, Jr., of Boone, is elected and he assumed his duties. The class is fortynine strong. It occurs to me that it is the best prepared class that we have had. The good work in some of the elementary schools is beginning to bear fruit. At the chapel Prof. Williams pulls off a "speil" 134 on the bridge just opened at Elizabethtown. 135 It is more than a mile in length. It is the long[est] that has been constructed recently. Sept. 12.-- This is one of the hard days of my life. By some means I have not felt well. When a man is not fit physically, he is unable to control himself as he ought. Life is dark and gloomy. There is no silver lining just beneath the turbid cloud. After a day in school I make the trip home. I have to walk for more than two miles. I must confess that I was getting warm. It does not take much to tire me out. We are loosing [sic] the art of walking. We are a generation of wheel-goers. Sept. 13.-- Sunday comes to me again. I use some time in preparation of my Sunday School lesson. In the lesson for today we have two types of people. One is the loafers--such as we find hanging around the garages. The other is the faithful band of investigators--such as search the Scriptures for wisdom and the ways for correct living. My father pays me a visit. He is in distress. Age is coming upon him. Life must be gloomy. There seems not to be much in the future for him. Sept. 14.-- During the night we have a fine rain. The earth is refreshed. Grass is taking on hew life. The land is the wettest that it has been for many months. Perhaps we shall never see so little rain in one season during our lives. Today I remain at home until it is late in the day. I manage to do a little work. I do not feel well enough to work hard. I do just a few things. On every hand I see things to do. Sept. 15.-- Our work in school has been pleasant. I enjoy to see the minds of the students working on their tasks. I must confess that it is living the real life to reval [sic] in thought and to 134 Spiel? 135 Elizabethton (Tennessee). 1000 �A J Greene Diaries look upward for better things. I feel sure that I have done some good in this work. In my soul there are many longing anxieties. I suppose that the real hero is the one that lives above the small things. Our trouble is that we waste our lives with the affairs that are unworthy of us. Sept. 16.-- This is a day long to be remembered. Just at daylight we have a storm. For about fifteen minutes the rain pours. This is the first storm that we have had in months. During the morning we have a good rain. This delights the hearts of all the people. For weeks we have been looking for rain to refresh vegetation. Today we have not felt our ability to work. By some means we are weak and have no driving power. Some days must drag with us. Sept. 17.-- This is a fine autumn day. The sky is clear and the air is cool. Nature tells us that the season is almost over. At chapel we have with us Mr. Murray Lookabill of Tulsa, Okla. He was in school at this place more than ten years ago. He is an auditor for one of the oil companies. In the afternoon I try to rest. I visit Aunt Alice Cook. For some days she has been sick. I sppend some time with her. On my return I stop for a short time at D . E. Benfield's. They are in their new home. Sept. 18.-- This is a fine autumn day. There are no signs of ill weather. A few more days like this one and it is as dry as ever. It is hard for us to be shut up in the house when out-of-doors it is so fine. I must confess that it is amazing how little some people do study. Work is the chief feature in all the vocations of life. A thing does not just happen. It must be brought to pass. In order for a thing to pass there must be some good work behind it. The work must be intense. Sept. 19.-- At chapel today we have the Rev. Mr. Wooseley, of the Methodist Church. He speaks to us in a happy frame of mind. The preachers bring to us from time to time many helpful messages. The weather is all that we could wish. The delightful sun beams upon us. One of these days the weather will change and we shall have all that we wish ofrain. In the afternoon I go home. I walk about two miles and then I ride a truck the remainder of the way. I am at home long before night. I must confess that I am tired. Sept. 20.-- This morning I make a trip to Uncle John Smith' s. I stay a short time with him. By some means ,I am restless and must be on the go. I arrive at home at the dinner hour. At one o'clock we have our Sunday School. By the time that we close I find that we have a large school. The school has some interest. Brother R. C. Eggers, of Zionville, preaches at two o'clock. His theme is "The Life of Joseph" and its Application to Present Conditions". In many respects it is an able discourse. Sept. 21.-- A part of the day I have my favorite job--cutting stovewood. I certainly do love to 1001 �see a fine bunch of it in the shed. I long to see the time when I can devote my entire time to work at home. At noon Mr. H. L. Wilson, of Boone, the cheese man, came to my home to help me lay plans for a small dairy barn. We have a pleasant time together. He is interested in the business. I come all the way to Boone with him. I am so tired that I am not able to do much work. Late in the day we have some rain. This is such a glad event that it is worth the space to record it. During the whole season we have not had any rain. The rain means much to us in every respect. Sept. 22.-- There is a little change in the weather. The sky is shut off a part of the day. Just a little rain falls. It seems that it is difficult for us to have much rain. Among the many duties of the day one is the classifying of a young woman who had lost her husband. She is just twenty-one years old. Her soul is all broken up at her loss. Her ambition is to make a nurse. With a determination to do the battles of life bravely, she starts to school. This is one among the really humane stories that touches our sympathy. The world is full of aching hearts that need healing. In these trying times we need the help of our friends. All of us think that we are important in the work that we are doing. In fact we think that it would not run without us. We must not get struck on ourselves. Sept. 23.-- The day has been full of interest. Many lively things come our way. We have so many students who do not wish to do any serious work. They wish to bum along and get by with the least possible work. At the meeting of the Faculty we discuss some plans to put all the students in some kind of physical exercise. I think that we are going to get hold of some boys who need this work very much. I hope that there will be no escape for the idle. Sept. 24.-- The school and the town are thrown int grief. Mrs. Mae Greene Johnson died at the Watauga Hospital this morning. She leaves an infant ten days old. Her people are prostrate with sorrow. Oh, why is there so much distress in the world? We are not able to know now, but it may be our privilege some time to ascertain the cause of all these things. We have so many things that demand our attention that we hardly know what comes first. It is work all the time. We do not have much time for recreation. Leisure does not come with age. Sept. 25.-- This is a day of activity at the school. The Co. Supt. of several adjoining counties and the Principals of the High Schools are in conference at this place. Dr. Highsmith and Dr. Allen are on hand from Raleigh. There are about thirty present. They are in session the greater part of the day. Perhaps this is a meeting that means most to us. It will have a tendency to direct people from other sections to this school. The school adjourns long enough to attend the funeral of Mrs. Mae Greene-Johnson. The crowd in attendance is large. The service is brief and appropriate to the occasion. The flowers are the most beautiful that I have ever seen. What a fine thing human sympathy is! Our friends come from every hand trying to console us in our hour of grief. 1002 �A J Greene Diaries Sept. 26.-- This is another fine day. It is not so hot. There is more comfort when it is not so warm. At times we have clouds that threaten rain. By some means it does not come. One of these days it will commence and we shall be glad to see it stop. After the work of the day is over I am ready to start home. I have the pleasure of riding with Miss Nora Mast. It does not take long to make the trip home. We have no mishaps. A man is always glad to get home. I am tired because I have had a hard week of it. I must confess that I get all the work that I want in one week. A man must have a little time to relax from the hard life that I live. I am on the alert all the time. Sept. 27.-- Sunday finds me with plenty to do. It seems that my activities on this day are almost as numerous as those of the week days. The first hours are usually devoted to a review of the lesson of the day. Sometimes I read something foreign to the subject in order to rest my mind. The next event is our Sunday School in action. We have a few who will talk when they are stirred by the proper authority. In many respects we have an interesting lesson. In the afternoon I am at home. I do a little reading. Mr. and Mrs. Jack Smith come to see us. This is the first time that we have had them in our home. Before we are hardly aware of it the day is gone. I do not read all that I plan on Sunday. Sometimes I plan to sleep a greater part of the day. Sept. 28.-- The first thing that I have on hand is a trade. I make an effort to make a deal in regard to next year's crop. It seems that it is hard for one to have farming done. The public works are conducive to the most of men. I manage to remain at home until late. I have a pleasant time. I work just a little. We are trying to lay plans in order that our home affairs may be more congenial. It seems that I have great tribulations. Late in the day I start [to?} Boone in the Elk Park jitney. When we are near Lovill, a car runs into us. The car is damaged and the boys in the car are hurt just a little. To say the least we have a narrow escape. I catch another car and I am soon in Boone. I read a little after I come to my room. Sept. 29.-- The day has not had many thrills. The usual work comes our way. Many of the students do not make ample preparation. By some means they hope to make good. Just after school there is a game of ball between the college and the High School. There is some good playing. One trouble with our boys is that they do not practice enough. After school I make a trip to town. It has the appearance of a real town. The cars are coming and going in different directions. There is hardly a moments [sic] that the cars are not moving. At night I devote much time in bringing all my work up to the moment. I spend some time in reading and a little in writing. I try to enjoy this kind of work. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 54 [June 13, 1925 - September 29, 1925] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 52.4 MB 65 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_054_1925_0613_1925_0929 Description An account of the resource Andrew Jackson Greene kept this diary from June 13 through September 29, 1925. He recorded an entry for each day. In this diary he kept detailed descriptions of the weather in addition to daily activity records, and travel records. He also wrote about his work in the Watauga county churches. He frequently wrote of work at Appalachian Training School and of the guest speakers that came to visit. He frequently visited sick neighbors and friends such as Conly Glenn. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s Conly Glenn Elk Park Grace Hospital Herman Eggers J.F. Eggers Jitney Klu Klux Klan celebration Mr. H.L. Wilson Mrs. Mae Greene- Johnson Mumps Normal School Sunday School Typhoid fever Valle Crucis Will Payne Willowdale https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/4b5b53d63ffac2b1ff4f22da5565f228.pdf 2770e3edad7a1090723fcec2abad2f17 PDF Text Text <-*** frjftXV x«v �r+7 -z^t£*s- c£-^ 0 ^rLl^. / I-^-~->'~~ X /y~*—' —z^—<-—- ~^t^~- ~~ ' ' �s. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 66 [January 25, 1928 - April 29, 1928] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 65.1 MB 98 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_066_1928_0125_1928_0429 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded by Andrew Jackson Greene from January 25th through April 29th, during the year of 1928. Greene wrote each day an account of what he experienced that day. His typical day involved Willlowdale Baptist Church, Appalachian Training School, visits with neighbors, and a trip to Boone. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s Administration Building basketball Boone Central Dining Room Chapel Cleveland County court Cove Creek David Greene educational standards Fifth Sunday Meeting Greer Café Justice Hall Lonnie Henson Miss Margaret Eury Miss Maude Greene Mitchell College Normal School Paul Henson President Dougherty R.M. Brooks Reverend J.M. Denton Reverend P.A. Hicks Ruth Tugman Teachers College The four year college Trap Hill Union County Valle Crucis Vilas W.J. Sherwood W.R. Lovill W.Y. Perry Watauga Hospital https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/b9045a43a16596d18a91a457a26a4d0b.pdf 6ae8ef11d13c2c8f98e8a2b7e01041d5 PDF Text Text • �I 1**-J-~ /? : // &c^^dt±<£Ks y^-?^ cX^-Z*—->+^o y-j^ y / -rf^^^-f—^ «- e^—>^--^ �tTCe^^c.^-^^ j. V /xro y / �^J) / r ^Lr- dL �, £Z^2^<<-^ ' ^rzx ^£?UL^ -4-^o^=^fe«±^ �'- ' <^0-^- ^^?—jgel �) T^f; ^r 7T t^z»v-^ /; &-~^ri^-Z^ // &~s 7 ^ ��te £3^ -^C-^Z^-^-4^-" vH^" (LJ^L^^T^^^J^l^^ & (~^&~ -^Z*- /sfy-, 0 ^ �/> ^linr,/grt Art*/ '^ru^C?y~ &stfAf lf(f cfL^-e^/' -^n^t^y : ^V^ �/ �o 30^ & '// P -^ 7^ �~ <] �r ^ / . (7 -/ ^^^T^T^^-tf^^-yl^ • ffl �^^rL^L^<^~ /^X �/ 0 T , ^n (/ / d /<f jst^i^ �0 \——rt^^ ^, ssf* ~z^— it * ^ ' *^-*~-^X:'^/^i<f^4r 7 >~ ^y^^' ��/ X? 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C/ v 7 -^K -^tyTS / /^6 • ^-^^^nr~p^"~ �./// �0 »/ ,f -"" J ^ ^ ^ ? ^ T ^ 2 ^ ^ \ s^to*7M>^<^~-&-4~z4^~ -^O < " ^ ^^^^T^-^ /7 (/ V Z < y �r liffo °*~ Si- V •+- / 1 / �7 �IK? ^^£w^^ ^>*££^V^f^ -TLs d? ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 69 [November 11, 1928 - February 12, 1929] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928-1929 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 76.5 MB 97 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_069_1928_1111_1929_0212 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded from November 11, 1928 through February 12, 1929 by Andrew Jackson Greene. This diary starts on a big day for the Greene family as Lester Doughton Greene turned 18 years old and the family held a celebratory dinner in his honor. A.J. Greene continues to teach at Appalachian State Normal School. He enjoys spending time with his colleagues. He continues to devote himself to regular church meetings, bible study, and Sunday school. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s Alice Mast Annie Smith Blackburn Hotel Boone Boone Baptist Church Councill’s Gap Cove Creek Cove Creek Church D.J. Cottrell D.J. Horton Dutch Creek Falls Elbert Lyons Football Frances Farthing George Moretz Hayes Apple Orchard J.D. Rankin Jennie Todd Lawrence Moody Lester Daughton Greene Mae Triplett Methodist Bazaar Mooresville Mr. Park Junior College Normal School Professor D.D. Dougherty Ralph G Greene Sunday School Valle Crucis Vilas W.H. Brown Watauga County Schools https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/950d5102d8d550bda8b0244f9fca38cf.pdf 78d0bf079faeaa4f65a09e27ba375a65 PDF Text Text *•• ��-^7 ° . 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 71 [May 18, 1929 - July 30, 1929] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 77.2 MB 72 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_071_1929_0518_1929_0730 Description An account of the resource This diary was kept by Andrew Jackson Greene from May 18 through July 30, 1929. This was a period of gloom for Greene. He found life’s burdens to be much too heavy. He used his diary as a place to dump his burdens so that he could continue. He wrote about the things that bothered him, and the things that brought him joy. He typically included information about the weather, his friends and family, the school, and church. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson " greene="" collection="" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s A.C. Mast’s Store Appalachian Normal School Appalachian State Teachers College Baird’s Creek Beach Mountain Blue Ridge Boone Boone High School Columbia University county singing G.H. Thomas Graydon Eggers Greene Inn Johnny Smith Mabel North Fork Creek Professor Chappell Wilson Rutherford College The Yellow Jacket Union Church Valle Crucis Vilas W.J. Moretz W.O. 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 97 [May 16, 1934 - July 29, 1934] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1934 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 153 MB 148 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_097_1934_0516_1934_0729 Description An account of the resource In this diary, Greene includes the usual weather reports, writings about the college, and community information. Upon not feeling well, Greene took time to arrange his diaries. At this point he had “almost 100 composition books filled with current events and personal meditations.” Greene wrote that he may have recorded things that should be erased. He wrote that readers should remember he is human. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s Appalachian State Teacher’s College Babe Ruth bible school Carolina Stores Christopher Marley Clarence Cole Claude Eastridege Cozy Nook Dr. W.T. Hunter Ed Cullens Gene Reece Grandfather Mountain Hardin Brown Henry Brinkley J.H. Westran James Greene Reverend J.A. Yount Reverend P.A. Hicks Rich Mountain Sherwood’s Store Valle Crucis Vilas Western Carolina State Teachers College Wiley Cole Willowdale Church https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bde0cfa1edc81260fb76ff457b185871.pdf a6ecd917afa2f2732a9c496146d97040 PDF Text Text ** ;*tw .1. & ff 1 "W r« • . ;.-#.: ** *^^ ^A. »* P^ �CLASS PROGRAM CARD Family Name MON 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 Given Name RM TUE. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 53.9 MB 63 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_126_1937_1129_1937_1022 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded from November 29th through December 22nd, 1937. This diary has many of Greene’s thoughts on the local holiday festivities such as parades and decorations. In this diary Greene also makes note that he writes news for the paper. Some locals named in this diary include W.M. Thomas, Hattie Pogroms, H.R. Eggers, and many more. There is a wealth of information provided about Appalachian State Teacher College through the accounts of faculty meetings, assemblies, chapel hour, and Greene’s classroom. Some buildings named throughout this diary include the Administration building, Justice Hall, the gymnasium, Newland Hall, and Lovill Hall. Many of these buildings remain on the campus of Appalachian State University today. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 126 [November 29, 1937 - December 22, 1937] Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s A.R. Smith American Association of College Appalachian State Teachers College Asheville Citizen Times Billie Greene Boone Boone Lutheran Church Christmas Cozy Nook H.R. Eggers Hagaman Clinic Hattie Pogroms J.M. Downum James Greene Jane Bingham John Keith Greene Justice Hall Lee Weaver Lovill Hall Newland Hall Paul Bingham Reverend J.A. Yount Reverend J.C. Canipe Reverend P.P. Holland Rich Mountain Santa Clause V.C. Howell Valle Crucis Vilas W.M. Thomas https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c38d2a05e889bc0bd5a0b89fe979d2d9.pdf c62f12aee789c4e20c7bb67961f8f9a0 PDF Text Text PA »?;? I So Composition &-A-~-s-^ 2rn?3$ £ /Wc^f// I> • ' Property of. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 48.0 MB 51 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_130_1938_0225_1938_0316 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded from February 25 through March 16, 1938 by Andrew Jackson Greene. He provided insight on the life of a Watauga County resident, church member, and teacher at Appalachian State Teachers College. Greene included weather records, travel records and personal reflections for each day. He wrote about the bus stations, the local stores, the Greene Inn, and of course the college. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 130 [February 25, 1938 - March 16, 1938] Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s Allen Greer Appalachian State Teachers College Beaver Dam Carrie Greene Colonel Bill Cornell Conly Glenn Daisy Williams Dean Rankin Forest Grove Baptist Church Fork Ridge Glee Club J.F. Eller J.L. Reese Margaret Eury Agle President Dougherty Professor J.A. Williams Ralph Mast Reverend E.Y. Edminsten Ruth Epps Sam Adkins Sunday School Trade Tennessee Union Baptist Church Valle Crucis Watauga County N.C. West Jefferson William Eller Willowdale Baptist Church https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/776e651607006f7c2be1ffa90c4ce5fd.pdf 73fe19397037e0f8798efe0465f94b90 PDF Text Text NRAL COMBINATION THEME AND NOTE BOOK MARGINAL RULfiD PUNCHED TO FIT STANDARD BINDERS No. 842-P Made Under One or More of The Following SPIRAL Patents 1516932-19420^6-19^5776—Other Patents Pending. �_^£-&-o-?C'C*- jL^ ^t&-t *•* A 6-f. ^/(/n-^ / ^L^C^rv^. ^ ^n*^- ^£ p . x^ -^K^-^-^^t^ ^_-^i--«^- ^—^ tr �u u u u u n u u u u u u n u u u u u u i H \H i VH m �r u u u u u n u u u u u l \i n n �Crt^&~~r~ <£? —<.~0<?+j �luuuununuunnunnnnHnnninunnm �*JxJ~ �nnnnnnnnnnnmnnmnnnnnnnnnuy �I ka ^ r> a fO \ \ W 5) nvmnnnmnnnunnnnnnnnmnunn1 <K x\ ^ fe �unuuunuuiuunuunnnnnnnnnninuv �e uunuunnuunnnnunnnnnnHmmnns f �iuuuuuuuuuunumnmnnnnnnnrnuv �umuuHumuuuuuumuuuuuuuuuuu �mwunuunuunuununnnnnnmnnms > �e kt • * nnuununuunnmnnnnnninnnmnnn1 r^o X7 �uuuuuuuuuunnnnnHnnnnHnnnnuv VI �c umuuuinuunmunnnnnnnnnnnnnn *r (M ~x �UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU1 �\ ^ Q A, 's v> 0 ^ > ^5 �c �Y i; . i ^ ^ ^ ii U t ^ ^ t Uit^tA ^ UiU U U U * * *U« * *\*U * i 4\*U*\*\*U*\» * U \ \ \k\^\ i\*\h U* * i U^ i * * i * « * * * U * U » U * \\* A * J ^ i i * ite ^ �lUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUlUUUU �'Uuuumuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu �uuuuuuuuuuuuuurauununnnnunn �11 i i �4.7 3s?--ff^t4>-~*-1 rZ^2-L%!3H*£. ^^ 4^/ (V*M?. ^ ^~& «/ /> st-^+*i-*^~r ' />, ^fa*> •^h'^*-r-<a /? c^X ^^f-- -p?-4^^ff) /> ~^M*-*°^]A~*- ~^rt^p-~~-r- —-CL**-»»_^O—z= &ce^Lt^_^ ^ J ^~M -<>%• /? 2--C-*"»-->*w /? —^fr' ^L^ryi^^y ^>ct^£*- frti^y ^^^1^. -jfefezr �tfftf. * * % % % 444 4444444 4444444 s o tffJLJLJLi i t l t l t t t f t f f f f f !t^t t 1 ^ * t t f l t i t t t t t t i t ^, t t . 44444444 �"~^~SL*4Z -J - 1 y^e> ^ " / V_0^- / '>^^j^-^a-^^- ' ')0~^~*— *—'&?^~ ^t^y^i--^y^f'^Ci^yO ~ff •(/ / j-Mx-^-zxi^-rTx^-^ ^t-^lf -*-~9~?r V -^-a'ff' -*^U-&Tf^~ -Tt^>~**i'lst^ -aff - �Mi !i ! t » i i > \ ..iiii t i. �—^-*t-c-^Tfl^#*t*. / ^L*- , / ^<^-^x-*^£-«^ ~^t^-^-t^ xLfcfc* ^£- —-ft*+S" . «c^?z ,yC-»t^<^- <# ~^V~?-r-?Z, •*- —^t^>— 1st,t-^&--' L^r-^^t^-f <£&£-*—*<-~-p, �amumnuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ��x3^u_y g^f'&L?. //2zr-T^ T " ' <f-?~-t*£y^' ^J tax.. ^£tUi _^-t-<^-->C--«>- o V • i^fLi~--0~f-^ 7/ - ^isi^tvL^ . y^'-t-e? ^e^-ef-f- /- /t~ ^-^ ^^If—-fa-&^£- f=^^fi~^^K^f- ^^Ljt^. -f-v-r-' ~~^fL-n~*r --^~ ^i^y^i / & ~~^fa*---r>*-*^' s^^-d**— ^/i^nt, ^€^%^T<-*- ^^^-jry--7*-**—7 —-«-=' ^C^-^HJC^^- _-<d^l_ at^-^-t/ s li?£t^tsi+*-^' 7&-<J ^£fLl~+-Ji-' ~^*^fTr^&-y~t- ^?i+-T*r~- ^T^-t™-* ^Jr-^z-ju^la ^£*r*dE ��uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuunmunHmm 1 �(*•• (J>st44^~ C -^^-^y^f . &*~r^ ^—^-ci_ ^ -AT -^ * /7 £*-^C4*j-o-~^ ^f �^^Tt^. ^-tx-^6^ ^£bj ^-^ ^£&^ �^ [ I ^. 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 41.7 MB 43 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_138_1938_0818_1938_0904 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded by Andrew Jackson Greene from August 18 through September 4, 1938. Inside this diary one will find personal reflections and records. Greene recorded the daily weather, and his many travels. He also wrote each day about what he had done, observed, and heard. Through these writings one can find information about the many different areas of Watauga County from Vilas to Boone, including many landmarks such as Appalachian State Teachers College, and Willowdale Baptist Church. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 138 [August 18, 1938 - September 4, 1938] Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s Albert Wilson Ann Wilson Appalachian State Teachers College Ashe County Attorney T.E. Bingham Avery County Banner Elk Bethel Blowing Rock Boone Boone High School Orchestra Brushy Fork Valley Caldwell County Conly Glenn Cove Creek High School Dorothy Wiseman Dr. G.P. Eggers Ed Hodge Farthing Reunion Forest Crisp G.P. Eggers H.R. Eggers Henry Brinkley J.P. Hughes Mitchell County N.C. Oak Grove Baptist Church Oscar Whittington Shelton Dugger Sunday School Sunny Knoll T.C. Baird Valle Crucis Vilas Vilas Service Station Watauga County N.C. Willowdale Baptist Church Yellow Mountain https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/aa29aef1ad251f623444973db914ed2b.pdf ff85c6e26e7708ef5f17c99e9bffa1ec PDF Text Text �CLASS PROGRAM DATE I LL FAMILY NA! ... ROOK. MON. I 2 3 4 S 6 7 a 9 1C 11 12 r Rif. TUES. RM. WED. FRI. �3 @S&i^^ /- /^ / ^X-^ £Z--Zt- . _ CTT^ ^-T^—<-t-£~- —/^ ^£-^S>-^-f -+- �&-f- ^X^i^^h^t^^ ^/LstLj^ tf /) C^ .J^J^-^L x^-^-Z?--/-^^^^ /} u ^H-*.*-* —• / -^^ �L ����rr^^^±±?!^__^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ / ^ A>- /^^ ^j^L^-^^^ �. y' o4- / jL^ J^ ^XtX^tcx-. ^/l~+~ ^fj^, ^ &^. w; -^^^^-r^^-rfL-. ��i^^ ^}^u^^^ ^ r:,'s^^? �&^ K*_^d^ ^C^^x^Ze 0^ WW-^ &*? ^^yx^t, tl^^ ^/-^4 O^> J) �-^^^ ^ **^ �^^-AA^. }s2^jL^ j&^^^ f*#— .^£*^ a j(L^1^^ J^t*^i*^^ ^(^ aMJ^ &^ o&r, ^c^-41 -rf~v-^- �// ^ ^ / y^:-/7 ^t^.^^^ ^ [~^^^ ^£r-—-^^-z^->. ��L ^^^o^^- "7^ —r~$^* —--v^-»t-~^rfi^7>^- / 7" ' <ss-*~*?0--~*~*~t~ -^ ./ . . 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 277MB 145 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_159_1941_0424_1941_0712 Description An account of the resource This diary was written daily by Andrew Jackson Greene from April 24 through July 12, 1941. This diary is composed of entries full of weather records travel records, and personal reactions to events of the day. He also wrote daily about his declining health. He struggled to do many of the things he wanted because of his health. Walking longer distances became nearly impossible, and he was eventually in the hospital. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 159 [April 24, 1941-July 12, 1941] Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940s Alice Anthony Appalachian State Teachers College Appalachian Street Boone Carrie Smith Clint Cole Colonel Ronda Earp Cozy Nook Dean Rankin Dean Tester Ed Shipley G.P. Eggers George Greene Grady Cole Hazel Moretz High Point J.H. Brendell Jerry Wilson Juanita Proffit Mabel Market Street President Doughtery Ralph Mast Rich Mountain T.C. Baird Thomas Remond Valle Crucis Vilas Zionville https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c2da937c1bd5a40bf1912b5d01c53ddb.pdf ab4bfa4442a7e0b70e1ce3a0e6209f46 PDF Text Text ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Taylor and Moore Store Ledger Description An account of the resource The Taylor and Moore Store, operated by Henry Taylor, served the citizens of Valle Crucis, North Carolina in the 1860s to 1870s. It is believed to have been located across the road from the present-day Mast Store. Henry Taylor was a farmer and merchant in Valle Crucis, North Carolina. He was born in 1819 in Davidson County and came to Watauga County in 1849. He married Emaline Mast in 1851, daughter of John Mast of Sugar Grove. The Taylors moved to Valle Crucis and started two country stores, including the one which became Mast Store. In 1861, he co-owned the Taylor and Moore General Store with Martin V. Moore. The items in this collection include the Taylor and Moore Store ledger with materials dating from 1853 to 1917. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Taylor and Moore Store Ledger, 1853 - 1917 Subject The topic of the resource Taylor and Moore (General store: Valle Crucis, N.C.) General stores -- North Carolina -- Valle Crucis Description An account of the resource The ledger and some loose documents include various advertisements, handwritten notes, cancelled checks, letters, legal documents, and account records (possibly from a day book), dated 1853-1917, and undated. The 616-page ledger documents the business activity of the Taylor and Moore General Store of Valle Crucis, North Carolina, primarily during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras, with some early twentieth-century notations as well. Entries indicate payments were made in cash or by bartering goods. Products sold include dry goods, groceries, shoes, and hardware. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://www.collections.library.appstate.edu/findingaids/ac410">Guide to the Taylor and Moore Ledger, 1853-1917</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1853-1917 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This collection is open for use without restrictions. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 669 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Valle Crucis, NC advertisements Civil War Era general store handwritten notes legal documents letters North Carolina Reconstruction Era Taylor and Moore Taylor and Moore General Store of Valle Crucis Valle Crucis