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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 79 [March 1, 1931 - May 11, 1931] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 72.2 MB 77 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_079_1931_0301_1931_0511 Description An account of the resource This diary was written From March 1 through May 11, 1931, by Andrew Jackson Greene. Greene recorded each day, information about his life. He wrote about his classes, the normal school, the local churches, and his friends and family. He made record of all of his travels and each visit he made with friends and family such as Pastor R.C. Eggers, Arthur Thomas, and Ray Dotson. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s Arthur Thomas Boone Bowdan State College College Cove Creek Baptist Church Cove Creek High School Demonstration School First Baptist Church of Lenoir General Gordon Greene Inn High Point College J.A. Yount John C. Winston Publishing Company Josephus Daniels L.A. Wilson Pastor R.C. Eggers Ray Dotson Silverstone Smith Hagaman State College United States Army University W.H. Brown W.Y Perry Will Rogers Willowdale Baptist Church https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/e734df30a5383368b16df55d3dc9f77d.pdf a3e100191d98142a39b2272338e69bd8 PDF Text Text ) ~onorable ~~~tbarge f!7/uJ -eJ ~ ~ ad LEO. FINKELSTEIN 34 600 169 CORPORAL 394TH BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (H EAVY) 2\rnt.y nf tlf:e Bnit:ell ~bites eJ ~ ~~ ~dJ(/~~ ae 61»~ ~ #le ~Jd [7~ ~ t-~• ~ ,' f?7/UJ ~ ,eJ aat04~~~.'~ -~~ ~ ~ [$~~~~ /r; atJJ ~· <3}~ .a/ SEPARATION CENTER FORT BRAGG NORTH CAROLINA I 3 SEPTEMBER 1945 Regi stered Sep tember 5, 1 945 at 12:03 P.M. in Book #9 page 63. ~..Q.co 0 0-·~ Reffii'ir or Deeaaoruncme County, North Carolina. Lf?~ . ;7=n~ R B MART IN AGD ~1A JOR J �ENL'I STED RECORD AND REPORT OF SEPARATI.QN ·HONO RABLE D ISCHARGE u our o• thDUotoa 4~ 12 JAN SI-UC'lfV C . .fzl IUYICI 0 Al4 u . DATr 01 nunuu I , .. , - .... , ..... }< , •• . , .. ~~~ ....... lu , ... D.urOi l•nfl ..rOAC'IInJIHIU I 19 JAN 4~ ;;~~~~~~ CO 21. PUCE 0 ' UTR liTO UHIU s c FORT JACKSON ae. MO•I ADOII.U AT Tl• t NC or D 'fn I NTO SIIVIC& SEE9 1 ;~~~"""'""".. "'·/ uo ..,. tl • .. Infantry, C1Yia1lcn CIIJ<I mcu.amcmantp.,.,.,o... o :c./ CLERK TYPIST (405 ) CHI NA NE\V GU INEA NORTHERN SOLOMONS EASTERN MANDATES LUZON BISMARCK ARCH IPELAGO \.JESTERN PAC I F I C SOUTHERN PHIL I PPIN ~ s ... ...... , •• • , ... cm"ou AS 1 AT 1c PAC IF I c TREATER CAMPA 1GN f\1EDAL \v 1TH 8 BRONZE SERV 1 E STARS DIST I NGUISHED UN IT BADGE \.J I TH 1 OAK LEAF CLUSTER GO 1063 HQ FEAF ,_. 7 JUN lJ5 PHILIPP INE LIBERATION RIBBON GOOD CONO:.JCT t-1EDAL G1 :.SJ:iQ. _ 'ITJ-J a•. IICCIVID Ul OVMO l:it' l H ) I 1'1AK '+'+ NONE 1 0 . MU.UAn OC:C-UtUIOIIA'- IPI CU .U1' .u :o 110 1 1:. aATTUI AIII D CAMPA.tltll WOUIIDS ACli'ON ••• UTUT t•• oMru n o• "2~AN4bm3~"UL441 ;9~~N44 .,_ J III'Y1CI OVTI IOI co•ti •UTAL U. L AIID a&TUI• OATI OP OI ,AIT UII DU'riNA.T10• 0 4 Tl OP A Ul V.U. .,• ._ llfl»dtrl TY 30JUN45 II , "11M; IT la.AOI HIJ.D tOUL u • otM OF I IU VICC COtll'f-r.CHU L IIIWICI ··- OATil FORI IGM st•YlCl 2 NOV 43 19 JUL 45 Ap T US A 22 NOV 43 20 AUG 45 rilAO ,•••9"' 1"2~ ITUY ,...9"'1"1'9 CORPORAL 1•. PIIOI IIIVICI NONE CONVENIENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT AR 615- 365 15 DEC 44 (38 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER REF SEC I I CI R 21:iQl .. 0 . II'AION U D • U 1'H011t1' JOI SIP.AUTION "'' · tCI'YI CC KNOOU Ar-T IMDID I ••- ••· U MUII (Tht. ·~ I.DUCAtiO• lor completion ol abovo Item• o r on tty ol other ltoom opodBod in W. D. Dl,..,tlvHI NO TIME LOST UNDER AW 10 7 LAPEL BUTTON ISSUED ASR SCORE (12 MAY 45 ) 86 INACTIVE SERVICE (ERC ) 12 JAN 43 TO 18 JAN 43 E MK OPP 1ST LT (YecraJ I "".L:Jan1LJ NONf:' AUS FHT o- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leo Finkelstein Papers Description An account of the resource This collection contains materials relating to Leo Finkelstein, resident of Asheville, North Carolina, the Asheville Lions Club, and the Beth Ha-Tephila Cemetery in Asheville. It contains computer discs, notes, scrapbooks, book drafts, correspondence, photographs, programs, fliers, and other materials related Leo Finkelstein, his wife Sylvia, and the Lions Club, Elks Club, and Jewish Community in Asheville, North Carolina. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Finkelstein, Leo, 1905-1998 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leo Finkelstein's U. S. Army Discharge, September 3, 1945 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-09-03 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 107_01_16_LeoFinkelstein_ArmyDischarge_1945_0903_M Description An account of the resource The document of Leo Finkelstein's Honorable Discharge from the US Army in 1945. The reason for separation is stated as: "convenience of the government." Subject The topic of the resource Finkelstein, Leo, 1905-1998 Veterans--North Carolina--Asheville Military discharge Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title=" In Copyright - Rights-holder(s) Unlocatable or Unidentifiable" href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0//" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright - Rights-holder(s) Unlocatable or Unidentifiable </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="AC.107 Leo Finkelstein Papers" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/192" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> AC.107 Leo Finkelstein Papers </a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Leo Finkelstein Papers" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/27" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Leo Finkelstein Papers </a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940s 1945 Fort Bragg honorable discharge Report of Separation United States Army https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d486621eed2d8e481da1f550e65d82ff.pdf b2ddaa52638810e5b661550f8eda698a PDF Text Text Military Oral History Interview Transcript Jeremy Gilley Siler City, North Carolina 24 September 2011 JG: Jeremy Gilley JB: Jim Brewer JG: It is September 24, I'm here with Mr. Jim Brewer and I'm going to ask him a few questions. Mr. Brewer where were you born and raised at? JB: Born in Chatham County, Siler City, North Carolina. JG: When was that? JB: December 1936. JG: Did you have a history of military service in your family? JB: No, I did not. JG: Why and when did you decide you would join the military? JB: I was drafted. I was one of the last ones drafted. I was examined for the army on my 22nd birthday and was drafted three months later to the day. JG: How did that make you feel when all of that was going on? JB: Pleased, I was looking forward to it. I am a very strong patriot of the country and actually I was looking forward to it because it gave me an opportunity to see different parts of the country that I had never seen before. JG: Had you thought about enlisting before you got drafted? JB: No, I had not. JG: What experience was it going through basic training? JB: It was quite an experience. I loved it. We boarded the bus at Raleigh, North Carolina and went to Fort Jackson on March 19th of '59 or maybe on March 18. We were sworn in on March 19th at Fort Jackson. It was an incredible experience. I took basic training at Fort Jackson and then went to Fort Bragg for 13 weeks as a member of the 28th Field Artillery. We were one of the last units to go to Europe to replace the 92nd Field Artillery in Germany. They were out of Fort Sill, Oklahoma and we replaced them there, about 1,500 of us. Half of the company that I went through basic training with was in this company. 1 �JG: Did you have any special memories or any special story from basic training? JB: Great comradeship. You learn to look after each other. You learn to take care of each other. Really it taught me a lot of discipline and personally and I suspect that every well bodied and able person should be required to spend a certain length of time in the military. JG: Was that a combat deployment in Germany or was that… JB: We replaced that the 92nd Field Artillery. We were station in Germany about 75 miles from Frankfurt in the spring of 1960 when President Eisenhower and Khrushchev had their conference in New York. Khrushchev walked out on our president at that summit. We had been put on alert and I was on a survey team of 13 members. We put in field positions for howitzer 155 units and I was a surveyor for a survey team. We were sent to the…what was then the three meter strip dividing East and West Germany. JG: Ok. JB: We were on one side and they were on the other side and we were looking each other eye to eye. We were putting in gun positions not knowing was would take place after what had happened in New York. We were there for four days surveying and putting in positions. Never saw any combat, never saw any, nothing happened thank the Lord. But we were getting ready in case something did happen. JG: Right. JB: That was the closest experience that I had during my tenure. However, after I got discharged in '61, March of '61, we were put on alert again and some of my unit was called into active duty. I was fortunately not called. But I had made up my mind that if l had been called back, that I would probably have made a career out of the service. JG: Right, right. JB: Fortunately I was not called. JG: Was there a time when you were sitting there looking eye to eye when you thought it might break out right there? JB: When we were putting in all those gun positions at that time the border between East and West Germany…east of Berlin, just out of Berlin was just a three meter strip that was plowed and that was the border. That was before the wall, before anything else. They were, the East and West was facing each other across that three meter strip. It was never that close but it was just in preparation in case something did happen. JG: Was there any ever any communication back and forth between the two sides? Any hand gestures or a wave or anything like that? 2 �JB: They waived, we waived. We saw them and they saw us military dressed ready for anything that might happen. But we were doing our job and they were doing theirs. There was never any close confrontation or anything like that. JG: No Christmas Day thing like you hear about? JB: No. JG: No. So I assume your unit didn't suffer and casualties or injuries as a result of anything? JB: We did not, our unit did not. Now later on in late 1960 my survey group of 13 men was sent to Gratenau, Germany to test firing a battery. That was field training in Gratenau. When we got there, shortly after we knew something had happened but we didn't know what. The unit that we were going to test with was practice firing and they overshot the safety range and there were several casualties. The round actually hit in a tent city and there were several casualties. Of course we tested that battalion later on, I never did know the results and never did know that much about what happened. But I did know that within 24 hours there was the most brass I had ever seen in my military experience in Gratenau, Germany. This was a training place for a number of artillery outfits along with cavalry and others too. That was the training site in that part of Germany. That was the only time I saw any, and I really didn't' see that but I just heard about it but it was at the same location that I was in. That was the closet we came to having any catastrophe that was even close to combat or anything else. I just thank the Lord that I was very fortunate. My age allowed me to be too young for the Korean Conflict and of course I was already out when 'Nam came about. So I was in the little window between the two skirmished you could say. JG: Now, you say you were artillery. What sort of weaponry were you dealing with? JB: Our unit was a 155 outfit, self-propelled. I was in the HQ battery on a type of survey party that put in the gun positions for the firing batteries. We had three batteries. A,B,C, and there were about 1500 of us total in the HQ and the three firing batteries. We were in Germany and I was there 18 months, almost 19months. Some of the guys that had more time were there a little longer. But it was one of my best experiences I spent of the 19 months that I was in Europe in my military career. Probably five months was spent in the field. Not consecutively but our job was to put in roads and gun positions and things of that nature. So we were surveying all the time and wherever we finished the day we spent the night there and started the next morning. It was good duty. Cold in the winter time but we made it through and it was quite an experience for me. JG: Did you ever receive any kinds of citations, awards or medals? JB: Good Conduct and that was all. Of course, I had two promotions, came out as an E4, corporal E4, Specialist E4, equivalent to a corporal. Met with a number of people about extending my career but I did not, I choose to come home, and I did. Came home and was discharged on the 10th of March out of Fort Hamilton, New York. 3 �JG: Was that basically because you wanted to be back at home? Did you miss being back at home? JB: Well, I had a good time in service; saw a lot of country that I had never had an opportunity to see before. Early on, one of the good things in my military service was this; I knew early on that we were going to Germany. When we had basic training and went to Fort Bragg for second twelve we were told then that we would be shipped to Germany. They almost told us the date within a few weeks of when we would be going. Our plans were laid out so I knew early on that we were going to Germany and that floored me because I wanted to see that part of the world. In fact, I did not take any leave time except right after basic because I wanted to save it until I got over there. When we got to Germany I had a critical MOS (military occupational specialty) and was not able to take all of my leave time. In fact I got paid for 27 days of leave time that I couldn't take. But while I was there I saw seven countries and had a great time. It was the finest time of my life. I went over there as a Christian and I came back as a Christian and had a wonderful tour of duty. Had a lot of buddies that I had to take care of, but that was Okay. In fact we did one thing that was against seventh army regulation that we were unaware of at the time. Myself and two of my best buddies actually purchased a car from a GI that was coming back to the states. We bought a 1951 Mercedes that he had bought and owned. He was a master sergeant and was being transferred back. We did not know that it was against eleven army regulations to have co-ownership of a vehicle. I was the only one that had military license, a license to drive. I was the only one that could drive but the commanding officer found out that it was co-ownership and after about five months we had to dispose of the car, which was okay. We had planned to come home and bring it with us. We were going to ship it home and drive it home. But we had a lot of fun while we had it. Traveled in a lot of areas that I would not have gone before otherwise. My military experience was rewarding and also fun, we had a lot of fun; a lot of good times even though it was stressful at times. JG: Was there anything we didn't talk about you’d like to speak of or any kind of closing remarks or anything like that? JB: The thing I'd like to say Jeremy is this…I was discharged on March 10, 1961. At that time you brought your duffle bag with you because you had to for your service. Two years active, two years inactive, two years active-reserve, or two years inactive. My duffle bag is still packed, I'm 74 years old now, and if l was needed I'd be the first one to go today to do whatever I could do. I'm a very strong believer in our military and today it’s certainly not needed. The things that I did are not needed today because of the technology. The things they can do today we couldn’t do then. For instance, our 155 rounds…we had coordinates. We had field observers and all of the good stuff to make sure we had, and that was a part of the surveying job that we had to do, that the rounds were landing where we told them they were going to land. Today, today they can put them in a window 50 miles away. That's the difference in the technology today. We'd have firing observers to ensure that the work was done correctly and that it produced the results that were needed for the mission that may have been going on at that time. 4 �JG: Now it's the real-time satellite pictures and they know everything. JB: Now it's totally different and it amazes me the things that they can do today. We have the best army in the world and the best-equipped army in the world and the most intelligence that you can have in a combat situation. Wars today would not be fought the way they were years ago. Now, you'll always have to have the ground soldier. I believe that very firmly, but their role is tremendously different today then it was 50 years ago when I was in. JG: Right. JB: And even different when I was in than it was in World War I and World War II because we've seen pictures and we’ve seen movies, and we've seen military films on what they had to endure during that time, that would not be necessary today. The technique would not be necessary today. It's amazing what the technology has done and the places that, the improvement in military strength, power, and equipment in the past 40-50 years. If l had to, you asked earlier for an experience, our second 12 weeks of training at Fort Bragg was quite an experience. The 28th Field Artillery, the unit I was in, 1,500 strong was temporarily placed on “Snow Bomb Hill,” facing the main street that leads up the hill there. To our immediate right was the 82nd Airborne, to our immediate left was the 18th Airborne, directly behind us, the barracks behinds us, was the 77th Special Forces. So there we were "feather legs," as we were know to the airborne people and the Special Forces people because we didn’t jump out of planes you know. They gave us a hard time, they harassed us the entire 12 weeks, but that was okay. They did what they needed to do and we did what we needed to do. Listen, if they jump out of a plane fine, I don't want any part of it. JG: I'm with you there. JB: We had a lot of harassment during them time, but that was fun also. We lived with, we enjoyed it, and listened to it and that was it. Their training was certainly different than ours of course they were already mature soldiers at the time, airborne and Special Forces and the Special Forces training is unreal. We had 13 weeks of harassment, but it was fun. JG: Well sir, I thank you for the opportunity to interview you for this project. JB: Jeremy I enjoyed it, thanks a lot. It's brought back memories of 50 years ago, 51 years ago now, that I hadn't thought of. I will say this, I've still got, and I communicate today with several people, buddies of mine that were in the service. We communicate via email, phone calls and things of that nature. And you build relationships in service that you never build anywhere else and you never forget it. I may forget my social security number, but I'll never forget my serial number. JG: Right. JB: Those are the things that stand out to me. I got to tell you, I'm proud of being a part of the military. I'm proud of the training that I got. I may have agreed with it then, but I do today. Our 5 �military is second to none, I really believe that. It hurts me to see people in government, officials in government, talk negatively regarding our military, reducing the spending and things of that nature because they are, the men and women that serve today. Even though it's all-volunteer, I served in a drafted army. Today it's all-volunteer, and I can say, and you can say, yes they didn't have to go, they asked for it. But they are on the front line protecting us today from an enemy that is tougher to face today than it was even when I was in. Today they have one motive in mind, and that's to destroy us. We've got to make sure that we do the things that necessary to protect out country, and our nation, and our people, and to not allow us to be faced with war in this country. JG: Right JB: Hopefully there's no war anywhere but they are dong a great job and should be commended for it. Just this past week I was in a place of business and there was a service man in uniform, and I walked up to him and shook his hand and thanked him for what he did. Don't know what he was in, think he was a National Guardsman, but his role is important too. I am very very proud to have been in the military and to have served my country in any way that I could JG: Again, I thank you for letting me do this. JB: Glad to do it. 6 � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/64823e732a5ee7842d5ef4df2d87a859.mp3 aea626d8a79c7d0c94da9b62ef832ebc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian State University American Military History Course Veterans Oral History Project Description An account of the resource Each semester, the students of the American Military History Course at Appalachian State University conduct interviews with military veterans and record their military experiences in order to create an archive of oral history interviews that are publicly accessible to researchers. The oral histories are permanently available in the Appalachian State University Special Collections. The project is supervised by Dr. Judkin Browning, Associate Professor of History at Appalachian State University and all interviews are transcribed by the student interviewers. Copyright Notice: Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project’s audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, University Archives and Records, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Gilley, Jeremy Interview Date 9/24/11 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:22:31 Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. 6 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Jim Brewer, 24 September 2011 Description An account of the resource Jim Brewer, interviewed by Jeremy Gilley, was born in Siler City, North Carolina in December 1936. He was drafted into the Army in 1959, took his training at Fort Jackson, and served in the 28th Field Artillery. In the interview he discusses his deployment in Germany, his job duties in artillery, and how technology has changed the military. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project's audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Subject The topic of the resource Brewer, Jim Veterans United States Interviews Language A language of the resource English 28th Field Artiller Germany Jim Brewer Siler City North Carolina United States Army https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/2bef6ffa64a39fa4cc68ffd3748e6e07.pdf 05ca53486c547b441240042407bf1c59 PDF Text Text Military Oral History Interview Transcript Francesca Johnson Asheville, North Carolina SF: Steven Folts FJ: Francesca Johnson SF: Before we begin I would like to thank you for participating in this interview and for your willingness to be a part of this veteran’s oral history project. I want you to be sure you realize that if you agree, this interview and its transcript will be made available in the special collections in Appalachian State University’s library. And finally I want you to know that if there are any questions you don’t feel comfortable asking or you feel they violate operational security, let me know and we will move on. Do you agree? FJ: I agree. SF: Can you tell us your name, and the date and place of your birth? FJ: Francesca Johnson, December 14th 1977, Anaheim, California. SF: And can you please tell us what war and branch of service you served in? FJ: Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Army. SF: And what was your highest rank? FJ: Sergeant. SF: I want to talk a little bit about what led up to you joining the Army, so when did you enlist? FJ: I enlisted in, on February 29th, 2000. SF: Okay, and what initially made you want to join the military? FJ: I wanted to travel. SF: You wanted to travel. And what made you choose the army over the other branches? FJ: My father was in the Army, so I kind of knew a little bit more about the Army than any of the other branches. SF: Okay, so what was your first military occupational specialty, your first job you had? FJ: It was 71L, administrative specialist. 1 �SF: So can you tell us a little bit about what that does? FJ: Awards, NCOERs… SF: Whole lot of paperwork and personnel type stuff? FJ: Yes. SF: Okay, so why don’t you tell us about your first day of basic training. FJ: It was… kind of weird (laughs). SF: Kind of weird? FJ: Yes It wasn’t what I expected, I thought there would be more yelling, there wasn’t too much yelling, it was mostly kind of fun. SF: So what were some of the things you learned while you were at Fort Jackson? FJ: No, I was in Fort Leonard Wood. SF: Okay. FJ: Some of the things I learned in basic? SF: Yes, what was it like back then in 2000? FJ: It was probably not that much different than what they’re doing now. We didn’t have combatives back then. So that’s probably the only really thing that was different. SF: Okay, so just give us like a basic, the stuff you started at the very beginning, like PT and moving into BRM, something like that. FJ: They did start us with PT. You start off, I think they started only running us a mile, and then they acclimatized us, however you want to say it, so that we could run further and did more exercises, so it got harder and harder. SF: Okay. So, do you have any moments that really stood out for you, memorable moments that you had when you were there? FJ: I liked the range; I never shot before I went to basic training. I did very well (laughs). SF: How do you feel about the quality of your training you received there, and the drill sergeants that taught you? FJ: I liked it. I thought it was a great experience. 2 �SF: After you finished your basic training and AIT (advanced individual training), where was the first duty station they sent you to? FJ: It was Daegu, Korea. SF: So how long were you at this first unit before you moved or got deployed? Can you tell us about like, the track leading up to you getting deployed? FJ: I was sent to Korea, and then I was sent to Fort Polk, Louisiana, then I was sent to Germany. And then I got out for two years and came back into the reserves, and that’s when I deployed to Iraq. SF: So why don’t you tell us where did you first land where you deployed, where did your plane land? FJ: It was Kuwait. SF: Okay. So what, can you walk us through like, your first day overseas? FJ: Pretty much when we first get there they put us in a room and kind of give us the briefing about the base and kind of like what’s going on, and the weather, they tell you of course you need to drink a lot of water cause you’re not used to that weather, and besides that we started getting ready, we start training a little bit over there. You’re only there like, maybe between one and two months, at the most SF: In Kuwait before you went to Iraq? FJ: Yes. Usually you’re supposed to be there ten days but we were only there for five. They sent us pretty quick. SF: Okay. What kind of things do you do in your downtime while you’re overseas? FJ: Um, went to the gym, or we ran around the base. There really wasn’t that much to do. They had a Starbucks and all that over there, I was surprised about that. But um, pretty much we just you know, exercised. I think everybody just exercised or barbecued. That’s about all we did SF: Did you guys have any way to stay in touch with your families, like internet or phones? FJ: Yeah, whenever it worked. SF: Whenever it worked? FJ: Yeah it was bad, because the generators would go out, but it was ok. It worked most of the time but usually when you really wanted it to work it didn’t 3 �SF: What year was this? FJ: 2009? The end of 2009, the beginning of 2010. SF: Were you given any leave time while you were over there? FJ: I was sent home early, so I did not take any leave. It was during Obama’s little thing where they had to send 50,000 troops home so I was one of them. SF: Could you tell us about your day-to-day duties while you were overseas, what you did in a general day? FJ: I worked with finance and I worked with the soldiers if they had any financial programs. I started getting everyone’s leave forms ready for when they did want to go on R & R. I also had to do accountability every morning about where our Soldiers were at. SF: Did you guys do any training while you over there, or was it just your job? FJ: Yeah, it was just our job; we didn’t really do too much training. SF: Did you see any combat while you were over there, anyone shoot any rockets at your base? FJ: Yeah, we got mortared twice while I was there but nobody got hurt. SF: Okay, so nobody got hurt, or you never saw anyone got wounded or got wounded yourself? FJ: Uh, no. We had one convoy, our first convoy that went out the wire, hit an IED (improvised explosive device) but there was only one person that was injured, he got shrapnel to his hand. SF: The first convoy that went out? FJ: Mm hmm. SF: Interesting. Did you have any of those critical incident debriefings, where something really bad happened and they gathered you all together? FJ: No, I didn’t. SF: Did you participate in any joint service operations with the other branches of service? FJ: No. SF: Do you have any memories that really stand out, good, bad, extremely boring from when you were over there? 4 �FJ: Um, the only good one that I can think of is every time, every Saturday or Sunday, a lot of us got together and just hung out and barbequed and that was a pretty good time. SF: Were you off on weekends? FJ: Some of us were, like every other weekend we would take off. SF: So generally you had like, a seven day week, then a five day, then a seven day? Okay. So what kind of awards did you get while you were there or right after you got back? FJ: I only got a good conduct medal since I came back early. SF: Do you feel like being deployed affected your relationships with your family and friends either while you were there, or after you got back? FJ: No. SF: Do you feel like it affected you personally at all? FJ: No. SF: Did being overseas change your opinions on maybe military service or our mission overseas at all? FJ: No. SF: So, did you have any difficulty readjusting when you got home? FJ: Um, yeah, well the first thing that you have to get used to is not carrying your weapon around. So I’d wake up and look for it. But besides that no, not really. Because I never really went out the wire so I didn’t have to worry about driving and stuff like that, but um, that was the only thing that I had to get used to, and acclimatizing again when I came back, it was a lot colder than what it was over there. SF: Do you still stay in contact with people from, you deployed with but aren’t serving with anymore, they’re in different units? FJ: No, we’re all still together. SF: Didn’t make any friends from other units? FJ: No. SF: So, what would you say to somebody thinking about joining the military today? 5 �FJ: I would say “do it.” I think it’s great. I learned a lot and I think I’m a better person for it, for what I did SF: So where are you stationed right now, and can you tell us a little bit about what you do there? FJ: I am stationed in Asheville right now. And I just got a new job as 68W SF: So tell us what that means. FJ: Medic. SF: So you’re a medic. FJ: Yes. SF: So, what do you think you’re going do with that, your new job or your career in general? FJ: I’m still kind of just new at it, but I’d like to pursue something more with it probably. Maybe go nursing, I’m not sure SF: You think you’re going try to retire out of the military, do the whole 20 years? FJ: Oh yeah, definitely. I’m halfway there already. SF: Alright, so why do you feel, if you do, that it’s important for veterans to share their stories? FJ: Well, probably just for knowledge, I mean you can always learn something new from everybody, you know to do something different in a different way, to learn people’s experiences. SF: Okay, so is there anything we didn’t cover that you might want to add, want to say on the record? FJ: No. SF: Well thank you very much for your time Sargent Johnson, and on behalf of all of us, thank you for your service. FJ: You’re welcome. 6 � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1a15bb63240f85ddb0647e7650ef7e11.mp3 ef16a7c36906211a6372f75170e9e970 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian State University American Military History Course Veterans Oral History Project Description An account of the resource Each semester, the students of the American Military History Course at Appalachian State University conduct interviews with military veterans and record their military experiences in order to create an archive of oral history interviews that are publicly accessible to researchers. The oral histories are permanently available in the Appalachian State University Special Collections. The project is supervised by Dr. Judkin Browning, Associate Professor of History at Appalachian State University and all interviews are transcribed by the student interviewers. Copyright Notice: Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project’s audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, University Archives and Records, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Folts, Steven Interview Date 11/14/11 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:11:42 Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. 6 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Francesca Johnson, 14 November 2011 Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Johnson, Francesca Veterans Personal narratives, American United States Interviews Description An account of the resource Francesca Johnson, interviewed by Steven Folts, was born December 14, 1977 in Anaheim, California. She enlisted in the United States Army in February 2000 and served in Operation Iraqi Freedom. In the interview she discusses her experiences in training and her job duties. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project's audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Language A language of the resource English Francesca Johnson Operation Iraqi Freedom United States Army https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/38381f82a9cb2b00fa7646c7f824483c.pdf 9af5d0a3a513340fc5ca802eca2a57a2 PDF Text Text Military Oral History Interview Transcript Steven Crowe Newton, North Carolina 13 October 2011 SR: Seth Revetta SC: Lieutenant Colonel Steven Crowe SR: I am here with Lieutenant Colonel Crowe, retired. It is 13 October 2011. My name is Seth Revetta, our first question shall be when and where were you born, sir? SC: Born in 1962 in Valdese, North Carolina. SR: What type of home life did you have? SC: I would characterize my early childhood years as probably lower income or upper-lower class. Mainly rural area upbringing. You know the “work hard then play later.” SR: When and why did you join the military? SC: Well, I joined the military because of the values that were instilled in me as a young kid. There was the work ethic, the honesty ethic, put your nose to the grindstone ethic. Matured and grew up a little bit more, of course along with that came patriotism and whenever I got to the point of making the decision about my future I felt like I had to give back to the country, a country that’s afforded me some privileges that I enjoy. SR: What made you want go to Appalachian State University to get your commission? SC: Actually I didn’t make that decision, my senior army instructor at East Burke High School made for me. I was a young dumb senior and he pulled me in one day in class and asked me if I wanted to go to college. I moaned around like a normal high school student does and after he verbally beat me up and got my head straight, him and Lieutenant Colonel Malcolm McDanner, who was the PMS (Professor of Military Science) at Appalachian at that time basically coordinated my future for me. And that’s how Appalachian came into the picture. SR: Where was your first duty station, and what were some of the difficulties you found as a new officer? SC: First duty station was South Korea after I finished up Officer Basic and Airborne School. And the biggest thing that I encountered right off the bat was that being a young officer and being surrounded by NCOs (Non-Commissioned Officers) who were the same age as me and in some cases old enough to be my dad. Having them follow me as the leader, and as a young, green, second lieutenant that was the biggest challenge. SR: Where all has the army sent you since you first joined? 1 �SC: After I left Korea, I came back to Fort Bragg, and spent six years there, and of those six… three of them were spent in places like Panama with Operation Just Cause, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the Virgin Islands after Hurricane Hugo. You know of course Iraq and Saudi Arabia and Baharan during the Gulf War and various places like that. After that I spent time at Fort Leavenworth (Kansas) on two occasions, one for Command General Staff College in Washington, D.C. at PERSCOM (Personnel Command) twice. I spent another assignment at the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell (Kentucky) and I finished out my career back in Korea as battalion commander. SR: What were some of the different schools you have been to and give a description of each school? SC: Some of the schools, of course, were more local schools for the units. But some of the major schools that I attended that I have patches or certificates for are Air Assault Course, and that is basically learning how to rappel out of helicopters, sling loading equipment, fast roping, those kinds of things. Of course in Airborne School you jump out of airplanes that falls in line with the vertical envelopment doctrine in our battle. The other school that I went to was Ranger School when I was in the 82nd Airborne I had the opportunity to go there. That school involved weapons and tactics and all kinds of things like that but in my opinion the most important thing from Ranger School I learned was more about leadership and more about myself and my own capabilities and how far I can push myself. Then I would say that after that Command General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, the FBI academy in ’97 and that pretty much sums up all the major schools. SR: You said you went to Airborne School, have you also been to Jump Master School? SC: Yes I have. I forgot about that one, not that it’s not important, that was probably the second hardest course I went through. The washout rate there was over 50 percent for each class. The hardest part about Jump Master School was actually learning the nomenclature for all the stuff associated with airborne operations and also memorizing all the technical specifications, you know for all that equipment and putting it into use along with, you know. Being in charge of the safety of the plane and knowing the commands and your makers on the drop zone. It’s a really mentally intense course and but after I got out of Ranger School, in my opinion that wasn’t an issue because Ranger School to me was the hardest school. SR: What are some of the best memories that you gained over the 21 years you’ve been in the Army? SC: A few stand out, one that stands out is, of course the day I graduated from Ranger School and got that ranger tab. That was, I’ll never forget that day, I’ll never forget what happened afterwards, how I conducted raids on Wendy’s and Hardees and Morison’s Café and every place between there and Fort Bragg. Another good memory was the day I was selected for battalion command and took command of that battalion, and of course the day I retired. SR: What were some of the biggest difficulties you faced as an officer? 2 �SC: The biggest difficulties was learning to adapt to the various leaders that I encountered over the years, some were very hard to work for. Some, in my opinion, were incompetent, but you learn very quickly in the army how to adapt and develop different methodologies, work around some of the problems that you perceive. So I think self-development wise that was one of my hardest ones. As far as the other challenges, I would say that not quite as many as one would think once you’re in the army, but near the ladder half of my career I started noticing a change in the quality and caliber of the soldiers coming in and I was a little disappointed that it seemed like their values were waning and lacking compared to earlier generations. SR: You said that you found it difficult to work for some leaders and that you had to adapt, how exactly did you adapt sir? SC: A lot of that really centered on me, not them. I naturally have a “Type A” personality, I want to take charge and get the job done. Get things organized, etcetera, etcetera and when I was working for people that weren’t like that I had to learn some self discipline, some self restraint type techniques and to be quite frank with you one of the biggest ones was physical fitness. A lot of times I would do a lot of working out to get rid of that pent up energy and frustration. The other thing I did is I had a mentor that I worked with and they knew exactly what I was going through and they gave me some coping strategies, such as how to address a problem with that, my superior in such a way that they would come around the way I wanted then to make a decision and kind of a manipulation technique so to speak. SR: What were some of the factors that made you want to retire? SC: Only one. I was single throughout my whole career, I came home on leave, I met my wife… my now wife, at church. She was my high school sweet heart as a senior in high school and I hadn’t seen her in twenty years. She happened to be at the church and we started dating, and we decided to get married and after that, with two step daughters in the picture, that was the only decision I had to make. SR: What exactly made you want to teach JROTC (Junior Reserves Officers Training Corps)? SC: One reason, to pay back what Colonel Wilson, my SAI (Senior Army Instructor) did for me at East Burke High School. Hopefully put somebody on the track to success like I was placed on the track. SR: How exactly did you get the Senior Instructor leadership role at Fred T. Foard? SC: Once I made the decision to retire, I had to make another decision on what kind of post army career I wanted to pursue and basically, throughout my whole life, I’ve always been thankful for Lieutenant Colonel Wilson for what he’s did for me so it wasn’t too hard to arrive at the decision. I’d like to get back here and pay him back in my own way. So what I did was Immediately went to the ROTC website, JROTC website online while I was in Korea and looked for vacancies and there was one open in Fred T. Foard High School and I remember we played them when I was in high school and it wasn’t too far from where I grew up. Well, I went on the 3 �website, emailed the principal, found out it was a brand new program that was being started; I would be the first SAI. I wrote her an email, she called me up and the rest is history. SR: When do you plan on finishing up your time at Fred T. Foard and where do you plan on going after that? SC: I’ve been planning on retiring every year since I’ve been here, but one thing here or there has canceled that or delayed that but I guess realistically my mark on the wall is ten years. So if I can make it to say 2015 that might be the year I decided to retire. When I do get there I would like to, I defiantly don’t plan on pursuing anymore work, but I’d like to maybe address maybe some hobbies and interests that I have been putting off for a few years like, maybe trying to write a book and getting involved with some organizations that I have been wanting to get involved with. SR: Which types of organizations would those be sir? SC: Mainly church and civic organizations, kind of volunteer work, you know giving back. SR: At this time I have no further questions. Is there anything that you would like to talk about that I haven’t asked you or anything that you would like to expand upon in a question that I asked previously? SC: No, I think we pretty much covered it. I like to see that my students continuing to succeed at Appalachian like yourself and I always like it when you guys come back here and even when you’re talking to me about this, the other students get to see you. We like to breed success here and it’s good to see you’re continuing your success and we’re proud of you. SR: Well sir, thank you for your time. SC: Thank you. 4 � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bdd2acee34b1cc417a921e0da93ada1d.mp3 8a1f421d498aae10ca591908dcd22abd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian State University American Military History Course Veterans Oral History Project Description An account of the resource Each semester, the students of the American Military History Course at Appalachian State University conduct interviews with military veterans and record their military experiences in order to create an archive of oral history interviews that are publicly accessible to researchers. The oral histories are permanently available in the Appalachian State University Special Collections. The project is supervised by Dr. Judkin Browning, Associate Professor of History at Appalachian State University and all interviews are transcribed by the student interviewers. Copyright Notice: Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project’s audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, University Archives and Records, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Revetta, Seth Interview Date 10/13/11 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:12:06 Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. 4 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Steven Crowe, 13 October 2011 Description An account of the resource Lieutenant Colonel Steven Crowe, interviewed by Seth Revetta, was born in Valdese, NC in 1962. He attended Appalachian State University for Military Science and entered the Army as an officer and graduated from Airborne School. His first station was in South Korea. Mr. Crowe discusses his training, which also included Ranger School and some of the difficulties he faced as an officer. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project's audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Subject The topic of the resource Crowe, Steven Veterans United States Interviews Language A language of the resource English Airborne School Appalachian State University Ranger School Steven Crowe United States Army Valdese NC https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/13b2afb3011e5f53bbb7e45791f56d27.pdf 53de96731b87651435bccf8afeaa9318 PDF Text Text Military Oral History Interview Transcript Leonard Blevins Boone, North Carolina 14 October 2011 ZC: Zack Crittenden LB: Leonard Blevins ZC: It’s October 14, 2011. We are in Boone, North Carolina at High Country Neurology. I’m Zack Crittenden interviewing Leonard Blevins. How old are you sir? LB: Fifty-Six. ZC: Where were you born, Mr. Blevins? LB: Down the mountain in Hayes, North Carolina. ZC: Hayes, North Carolina…is that in Wilkes County? Have you always stayed there or have you traveled around North Carolina? LB: Yeah, after college I joined the army. From that time on I’ve been traveling. I was assigned in North Carolina to Fort Bragg. ZC: How exactly did you get there? LB: I went through college on the ROTC scholarship and entered the army in 1977. I was in the army for twenty-six years. You start off going to a school, just like basic training for anybody but the officers learn more before you go there. It’s kind of interesting, I went into the army as a second lieutenant and I was twenty-two years old. I had forty guys under me but since I was the officer, I had a lot of older people that I had to boss around (both laugh). ZC: Well, that’s better since you didn’t have to go through boot camp right? How were your privates? Did you give them some hell? LB: Not more than they deserve. ZC: You’re just being a good officer. Did you ever get to know any NCO’s (non-commissioned officers)? LB: Actually my first NCO in the army came to my promotion to colonel. We were good friends outside of work; but inside of work you have to be the officer and the NCO. ZC: So you didn’t see actual combat? 1 �LB: Not in the army, no. I’ve seen people shooting at each other though. My part in the army is Special Forces so I wasn’t on the front line. I worked behind the line, with maybe strategic targets and reconnaissance. ZC: You told me before you were in Yugoslavia with the Special Forces. Did you operate more with the people behind the lines? LB: I went into Kosovo, and the Serbian army had pulled out of Kosovo, but their police were there. We had intelligence that suggested that the police would go to the border; change out of their army uniforms and changed back into police uniforms. We basically went and observed and talked to the people to investigate shootings and things like that. Make data on the policemen. ZC: And so you were with NATO? Did you go there in uniform? LB: I went there in civilian clothes. (Mr. Blevins and I got a bit off track, speaking mainly about the Yugoslavian people and Slavic culture and heritage. When we got back on track I brought up the subject of the interview again.) ZC: Were you awarded any medals, Mr. Blevins? LB: I have service medals. I went to Kosovo and got the Kosovo Medal, stuff like that. ZC: Can you tell me about some of them? LB: Nothing high, just a sign you were here. ZC: Did you stay in touch with your family? LB: As much as I could. You know, now we’re in the information age. I mean, a good friend of my adopted son who’s in Afghanistan…he Skyped his wife every night. Also, the nature of my job sometimes means in Special Forces they send you places and you can’t tell anybody your there. Often times I’d stay in contact if I could, and there were times where there was obviously silence. ZC: Did your family worry about you? LB: I think they did, it was hard. My mom and dad are pretty conservative country people. I think they were proud I was in the army, but I don’t think they understood what I did. I’d call them and say I’d be leaving and be gone for a couple months. ZC: That’s amazing, Mr. Blevins. Did you have any affiliations with the CIA? 2 �LB: Sometimes we’d work with the CIA but it’s more of a military thing. A lot of what Special Forces do is called Foreign Internal Defense, where you go another country and arm and train the locals. (Mr. Blevins spoke more about the nature of what the Special Forces are intended to accomplish. Somehow - most likely because of the subject of Yugoslavia - we also began a long conversation on dictatorships. There were short breaks of silence in between sporadic bursts of conversation. I felt like he was about to tell me something but knew it classified information. I didn’t pry.) LB: When you go into Special Forces, there’s no distinction between officers and enlisted. You start together. You do all the stuff together. And then at some point they divide out the group. You have a specialty; a guy in Special Forces may be a communications specialist. ZC: So you are where you need to be LB: Yeah. Special Forces is based on a twelve-man team. You may be where you want to be, but gradually you break up because you have to use your specialty. It’s pretty intense; Special Forces training takes about two years. They can do great things; they’re amazing people. ZC: Sounds like it. You do any half-day hikes or runs? LB: You do runs. In fact, part of Special Forces training is a timed run. They don’t tell you what the time is, but you have to do the run in a certain amount of time to go to the next phase. (Mr. Blevins went on to describe his Special Forces activities in great detail. His favorite, being a countryman, was being left in the wilderness to find the correct path that would lead him to the next phase of his training. As he described it, it sounded extremely fun. I asked him lastly about entertainment in the army. His answer? Star Wars.) ZC: Star Wars? LB: That’s the perfect war movie. I love Star Wars. ZC: You find a lot of correlations in that film? LB: I don’t want correlations. I want to be entertained. (Laughs) (Since Mr. Blevins said he had nothing left to add, I thanked him and we ended the interview.) 3 � https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/5b97c568ceed293342b06e3fe00bb936.mp3 07545313783dad3fd569d5cfeabe89e2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian State University American Military History Course Veterans Oral History Project Description An account of the resource Each semester, the students of the American Military History Course at Appalachian State University conduct interviews with military veterans and record their military experiences in order to create an archive of oral history interviews that are publicly accessible to researchers. The oral histories are permanently available in the Appalachian State University Special Collections. The project is supervised by Dr. Judkin Browning, Associate Professor of History at Appalachian State University and all interviews are transcribed by the student interviewers. Copyright Notice: Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project’s audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, University Archives and Records, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Crittenden, Zack Interview Date 10/14/11 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 0:22:24 Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound. 3 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Leonard Blevins, 14 October 2011 Subject The topic of the resource Special Forces Blevins, Leonard Veterans Military Science United States Interviews Description An account of the resource Zack Crittenden interviews Leonard Blevins on his time in the Army Special Forces. Mr. Blevins discusses his duties in Kosovo and talked about his military training Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the Veterans Oral History Project's audio and transcripts is held by Appalachian State University. These materials are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Veterans Oral History Project, Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Language A language of the resource English Hayes NC Leonard Blevins Special Forces Kosovo United States Army