1 50 12 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bd92e4fbc33066336189ab94cb2cebd3.pdf faafa5c5af75e827adb96e85cb965890 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal Index, 1983-1993 Description An account of the resource This document is a topical index to all 38 issues of <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/items/browse?collection=79" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</a>.   Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians,  later simplified to  Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Periodicals--Indexes Sustainable living--Periodicals--Indexes North Carolina, Western Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rob Messick Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource periodical indexes PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Agriculture Alternative Energy Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Bioregional Definitions Black Bears Book Reviews Cherokees Children's Page Community Death and Dying Earth Energies Ecological Peril Economic Alternatives Education Electric Power Companies European Immigration Fire Folklore and Ceremony Forest History Forest Issues Forest Practice Geography Glossaries Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Hunting Katúah Katúah Organization Permaculture Pigeon River Plants and Herbs Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Sacred Sites Shelter South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0d9900eecbaa84dc53b477e07072e743.pdf fa0c060dc360f4bcedc42ca0ae593baf PDF Text Text Postage Paid Bu._M~ Permil 118 LeiceS1er, NC 28748 ISSUE 24 SUMMER 1989 �• • • • (' • :..~ • • . . . . .. . . . ;_~ f ('!; • : : . - • ' • <....~,,,... ._:.!.-:. • ' .. . . • . . . ~ lONTENTJ = d~ ' ~ ·~ ' ,,..... .. .... ~~'" - - <:==:l: . .. . • 'lo. ~(;' I . Dee~LD~~~~r~i~~................................ 3 7...............................s Life ~~I::rr~~~~ Hiroshima Day 1989 .............................7 Direct Actioo! ....................................... 8 T'AI: PEACE by Patrick Clark Planting a Tree of Peace.......................9 Community Building and Peace......... IO by Richard Lowen1Tial Peacemakers: A Resource Listing....... 11 Ethnic SurvivaJ. ................................... 14 Black Mountain Pairing Project.. ........ 15 "Battlesong" ........................................ I6 A Poem by Heather Pirrillo Growing Peace in Cultures................. 18 by Mamie MuJ/er Review: The Chalice and the Blade..................20 Natural World News...........................22 P eace. As we cxplon: the meaning of this word in the Kanlah pro,·ince. we find as many subjective definition5 as there are people working to manifest lhem. Yet, is there an underlying sense that ties together the different perspectives and the work all these people are carrying on? The answer for us came very lute one night while we wen: gathered to prep3te the spring issue of the KatUa.h Journal. Someone by chance called up from the I Ching the hexagram T'ai, entitled "Peace." The sign was composed of three yin lines over three yang lines--illusuating n smte of vibrnnr balancing. The yin energy, which represent<> the receptive or yielding quality of nature, is above the yang, moving downwnrc.1; and the yang energy, which represents the active or creative principle. is below the yin, moving upward. Abovt IMow The Receptive Eanh ( K'un) The Creative. Heaven (Ch'lcn} A Children's Page...............................25 The ~I reads• Drumming........................................... 26 "111is hel<agram dcnotc.s ;i urne m nature when Heaven seems to be on E:lrl.h. Hc:ivc:n has pixed 11sclf bcnCJlh Ille Eanh. and so lhcll' powers unite Events Calendar..................................28 \Vebworking....................................... 30 in deep h:lrmony. Then ~and blc..~'illlJ;S dc.lecnd upon :Ill living lhmg&." In this hexagram. the I Ching emphasius that peace is not a sunk .st.:ite but r.uher one of dynnmic balane"C, alway:. changing as conditions change. Jn the world of nuture and m the world of the human, everything is in motion. It is in the midst of this swirling interplay of forces which create this Life. rhat we begin to feel n sense of hamiony, of communion, of rightness...that could be: identified as peace. When "'e do not cultiv:ue this hannony, then Life becomes •·our of b:ilancc." Finding balance and maintaining b.·llancc-, both personally and culturally, is a process of continuous exchange. When the exchange is balanced. simple 1hough it sounds... peace brings peace. In this world of diversity :ind disparate value systems. peace does not depend on "an absence of con0ic1", but rather on the way we get through the e-0nnic1. II is 1he embracing of all the life forces. even those in apparent opposition. As we strive to preserve the habitats tha1 maint..'lin life and ro bring about specific political and economic changes. we come to recognfae the connec1cdncss of all things. In 1his way, we produce changes rhat are Sll'Ong and enduring. People like those listed in the pages of this issue of Kattwh Journal, nnd many others in the region, arc an lnspinuion to all of us In tl1eir ded1ca11on. The way they go about workin~ for change ii. itself crearing new ways of relating. And the new rcJ31ionships 1h3t are now incubating llJ'C the Ir.Isis of a new culture. Eventually chc insti1u1ions of society, which are simply renccuons of the basic relationships escablishcd :1mong ourselves and other living 1hmgs, will be transfonncd. "May the Spirit so stro11g in the ~hadow and stmm Hold fast 10 what is righ1, A11d S!irt!ly as JOU breaJlre the gentle air of Peace This ia11d shall shefur in the light of love Tlzis land sl:all shelter in the light " Blessed beThe Ednors (l'w fn>m I CIU11g "'T~ BooJ;. o{CiuJntu.1ranslllle<l sn1et ClcmwJ by Richard Wilhdm Uld ill1o Engluh bt Cory F. Ba)'llCJ. Sons l1ria from "l.a:id ol l.i&Jil" ias ro:orded 11) 1~ Ta-vtdtil/Weawrs) �STAFFTHlS ISSUE: Scott Bi.rd Patrick Clark Andy Half-Baker Rob Messick Marnie Muller Mart.ha Tree Richard Lowenthnl David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Susan Adam Abby Bird John Creech WiJI Ashe Bason Jack Chaney Jim Houser Christina Monison PiCllllte Rodney Webb Chip Smilll Morgan Swann ...and !honks IO Jake ror lnte-nighl brownies COVER by Martha Tree INVOCATION from "Meditations with Animals" by Gerald Hausm:m PUBLISHED BY: Ka1U1Jlr Joumal THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIOREOION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mou11raineer Press EDITORIAL OFFICE THIS ISSUE: Globe Valley WRITEUS AT: TELEPHO.'IE: (704) 683-1414 KarUtiii Jour11al Box 638 Leicesier, NC Kaufah Province 28748 Divemty is an imponant clcmcru of biorog101Ul ecology, bolh lllllUral ond social. In hne w11h I.his principle, lhe Kotuah Journol lrics io serve a,~ o forum ror lhe discussion or regional issues. Signed anicles cJtpn:ss only lhe opm1on of the 3uthors and are 001 ncccss:irily lhe opimoos of lite KotUah Journal editors or sulff. The lnierrutl Revenue Service h3S declared Ka1uah a non-profil SOl(c)(3) of lhc lntem:il Revcnu.: Code. AU contributions 10 Ka1U1Jh ore dcdLICllblc from pcrsont1I income twt. orgnnl~tion under section _, SPIRIT FEATHERS Death feather of the crow puts my enemy to sleep Crow feather Crow feather Life feather of the Jay makes my mind awake Jay feather Jay feather Peace feather of the crane turns my enemy into me White crane White crane (Creek Indian) Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mouni.ain range on our continent, Turtle Island, a smaU but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name" Katuah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hllls to the south; and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertain specifically 10 this region, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respecL Living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a " do or die " situation in terms of a qualicy standard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Katuah, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization. IL is our hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense. here in this place. We welcome aU correspondence, criticism, pertinent information. anicles. artwork, etc. with hopes that Katliah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. -The Editors Su mmer. J989 �DEEP LISTENING by David Wheeler "We cannot make a change. We musr be rhe change we wish I() create." - Mohandas K. Gandhi There occurs occasionally a unification of spiritual belief and political activism in which the literal applica1ion of a spiritual principle becomes a potent lever for social change. The resulting techniques are so powerful that they arc a1 once a tactic for solving a problem a11d also lhe solution 10 the problem. It might be said tha1 in that situation the means and 1he end are one and the same. But m ac1uality, when those si1uations occur, there no longer arc diffcre.ntiated "means" or "ends." There is simply a continually unfolding process of change. The mos1 prominent case in modem times is non-violent direct action as pr.tcticed fim by Mohandas Gandhi in South Africa and India and then later by Martin Luther King, Jr. on th is continent. The principles of non-violent direct action have revolu1ionized the role of social protest in the world 1oday. F.ven as people pro1est specific instances of injustice, they also set a positive example of how to resolve social conflicts and raise a posi1ive spiri1ual consciousness a1 1he same time. Today ano1her method known as "deep listening," is curren1ly being developed even as it is being applied. It, 100, will also be noted as one of those powerful unities of spiritual and social practice. Herb Walters is a founder and presently a s1aff worker with Rural Southern Voice for Peace (RSVP), a small group of dedicated activists promo1ing peace issues throughout the southeast from a base in the Celo Community on the Soulh Toe River near Burnsville, Nonh Carolina. From his experience as a counselor of disturbed and delinquent adolescents, as a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers), and as an insrructor in the principles of connict resolution and non-violent direct action, Herb has come 10 realize the power of the Quaker tenet of "listening." The basic principle of deep listening, as practiced an "Listening Project!>'' organized by the RSVP staff, is simple in the extreme: it is listening - without opposition or judgement - to the emotions, wishes, and fears of ordinary people living in ordinary communities. Ye1 the simple act of listening holds great potential for organizing political movements for social change, Listening Projects are often held in communities which a.re facing a crisis situation or divided by a controversial issue. ''Listening Projects are basically a process for geuing activists 01Jt into a community," says l lcrb. On a political level there arc two reasons for getting organizers into neighborhood~. One is tha1 an order for a movemcn1 to expand its base, i1 must reach out to ney. segments of the population - people who mtty fed hopeless or powerless 10 bring about change or people \\hO may be ovenly hostile 10 ch:inge. Listening Project volunteers go to the homes. of people in a target community and approach them dircclly about ll1cir concerns on issues as 1hey are felt wilhin that community. The volumeers often find that If they are successful in drawing people out, they are breaking new ground in exploring feelings about issues thnt the people themselves may never have examined before. Responses vary from door lo door. Sometimes people fall into the standarJ modes of thinking. But in many cases. by examining their true feelings about maucrs they had never considered deeply before. people find themselves identifying or accepting entirely new uppro:iches to old problems. The second reason for getting organizers into neighborhood~ 1s the basic organizing principle, "start where people are at." Pa!it experience has shown that if organizers go into neighborhoods with the mtenl lo conven residents to preconceived ideas on issues. however log1c:tll)' devastanng these arguments might be, they meet with limited success. The Listening Projc:GIS are based on the wisdom that if activi~ts are willing to listen to the people, the people themselves will tell about how the larger issues directly affect their lives. Often people respond to the issues in a more immediate manner than acuvists' in1ellee1ual formulations. A Lis1ening Project in St. Mary's, Georgia found that local rc-~idents fell the presence of an atomic submarine base as an abridgement of their fishing rights. Another Project with the Shenandoah Peace Co:iJuion in Virginia found that people's pnmary C-Oncem was the lack or yoULh activities or programs, which related to problems with drug./alcohol abuse and vandalism. By responding to this concern. the Coalition is ov~oming the isol:ition that many peace groups feel from their communities as well as pointing out the social effects of excessive military spending. But tnere 1s aJw a third and more profound rctlSOn for going into 11 community and becoming involved with local people's concerns· deep lis1ening is a powerful tool 10 bre:ik down stereotypes - on both sides of 11 conversation - and to thereby overcome polarization. Herb states that, 'The fact 1s that a 101 of people out there in mainstream America don't join the pe:tcc movement because they don't trust us. They sec the peace movement in terms of stereotypes. A part of the listening process is to overcome that barrier by letting people's common humanity come through and finding a common understanding. Oftcn a real truth does arise, and we lind that people do care. They re-.iJly care; they ju~t don't know what rodo." But people in the cuhural mainstream arc not the only ones who arc limited by n:mow thinking. "Acrivbt~ in the peace mO\'emcm have a 101 or fears and sterco1ype:; of the \'cry people the>: arc trying to rench," says Herb. "At 1he same time a.~ they are talking about 'outreach,' movemcnt people distance themselves from the majority of the population by working in the safety of their own liule groups and using the media to convey their rn¢ssage. "I see listening as direct action, because through 1he Listening Projects we go right 10 1he people. they don'! like )'OU and what you are doing. that's all the more reason to go right to them. That's non-violence: go right IO the people who are against you and find out why. Find wh:u you can do to change the pol:uiz:llion thac's happening, instead of always keeping your disl:Illce from !hose people." rr In a Listening Project. organiz.ers :ire first trnined in a specittl session with a RSVP staff person in "111.:h they draw up a survey questionnaire. learn communication skills with which 10 approach {con1mued on peg~ 4) Su.mnu:r, 1989 Drawmg by Rob Mc.ssicl; >C.'1tiwf1 Journal p119e lS �peop e, and le.am Lhe crucfal djffercnce bet ween ordin:iry and ''deer u listening. "Normally," says Herb, "when another person 1s speaking, we .ire thinking of ways to put our own point across. Deep listenmg calls on us to let go of our own egos for awhile. We suspehd judgement. We try to become that other person so that we can really understand their fears and hopes. We listen, and we accept the fact thut they are different, that they have different ideas. and we concentrate our attention on their esscmial humanirv, that p:in of us that we all share." · This is called "seeing the light in the other person" in the Friends' way of speaking. II creates its own kind of magic. Opposition dissolves without opposition to foed on, and people at first hostile or indifferent often feel encouraged to open to deep feelings and emotion~. A relationship of l111St is begun that can cross the b:irriers of stereotype and polarization. Differences are "starting points" and come to be seen as interesting pcrspecuves on shared problems and common simations. "lnilinlly there 1s mistrust or some retuctance," says Herb. "but when the person realizes that the volunteer isn't there to conven them or to judge them, they begin to say what they acrunlly think. Wha1 often develops is a relationship of openness and trust, :ind the person speaking often opens to change in a way that they never have before. "They feel safe. They might talk about their fears. They might say, 'We need mon: nucle:ir weapons.' But instead of giving a reaction. the volunteer ju.st says, 'Why do you feel that'?' and really listens to them and draws them into talking about their deeper feelings. "Listeners often find themselves in the position of being facilitators for an internally motivated conversion, as the person they are talking with begins to think about questions like the nuclear arms race or the local bomb plant on an emotional level. In the course of one conversation real change can happen in people \.\ho would never have gone to a peace group meeting. it's a fascinating process." Groups contemplating undenaking a Listening Project art warned that they must be willing t0 make a long-term commitment to the community they are about to enter. Experience has taught the RSVP staff that a Listening Project evokes a mong and often unexpected response. People are "hungry to be listened to," as Herb says. and, although volunteers may start out expecting rejection, interviews more often than not end up with the resident saying, "Do you reaUy have 10 go? Can't you stay just a little longer?" Many people feel hopeless and powerless. They have a sense that they are being manipulated a.nd swept along by forces far beyond their ability to controL They often feel that wishing for change is only causing themselves needless pain. Having someone actually want to hear what they have to say is an empowering experience. h is an offer of hope. It makes them feel that perhaps it is wonhwhile to do away with the psychic numbing in which they taken refuge. But if visitors offer that hope during a visit and then never return again, lhe result is detrimental, and people could be left in a position worse than their original condition. A group muSt be prepared to offer avenues for action that fit the concerns and abilities of the people of lhe community. It may be ~legislative network thnt contacts elected reprcsenl!ltives on specific lSS~es. It migh~ be a church meeting or a fund-raising project. The ob;ect of entenng a community and taking the time to listen is to rea~h_people so they might find 1heir power and take leadership. This 1~ a long process and requires a corresponding degree of commument, but it offers its own rewards for activists willing to muster the patience to see it through. Drawing by C"'la YllOlll'll' f,f1llsaps. I /111 1rtu1~. Smi,Ley .\11.11V11a1n llltlt School Ollr) In thL lad.son COMnI) P~~ /llttwork's /(}/Jr! · ~·1swn of Pcau" conu.rt /J/I In our society, contr0ver:.ies arc customarily settled by deb:ue. One side is suppo~d to overcome the other with the weight of logic. The format is argument, and the focu:. is on differences how "we'~" right and "they're" wrong. In deep listening the interviewers focus tirst on the common ground. the opinions upon which they R$fee wnh the person with whom the)' are talking. In Lisfening Pro;cct training se_,sions it is said: "You may disngree with ninety percent of" hat a person h telling )OU . If so, focus on the :ucas of agreement first. Build a relationship of rrust: then you can look a1 the differences." . In deep listening. disagreements have a place, but tha1 p13ce 1s way do""n the scale from the primary position they custom:uily hold in political discourse, and lhey are never allowed to dim the vision of "the light within." What could be gender than the companionable acr of listening? Yet practittoners have found it to be a technique of grear power with far-reaching social effects. The source of that power lies in going beyond the ego and getting down to lh:u place where lhings change. . O~e experience invol~ed lhe Piedmont Peace Project (PPP). a. b1-r~c1al g_rou~ of lo~-rncome people, which undenook a L1stemng Project Ill the mill town of Kannapolis. Nonh Carolina to broaden community participation in their program. lmerviewers !'Cwmed with a.wealth of infonnauon about the concerns of people !n the communny and how to express these concerns as organizing issues. Members of the PPP, including a couple int.rocluc:cd to the group thr~ugh 1hc Listening Project, attended the 1988 convcnuon of the nauonal SANE/FREEZE organization. SANE/FREEZE was ~.ungry f~r commun~ty ~ontact and welcomed the PPP delegates. I he low·rnco~e. mrnonty people from Kannapolis brought the conce~s oftheirc~~unity bi.:fore the policy-making committee of the na11onal organ_1zauon and helped influence SANE/FREEZE to stre_ss the conn~cuon between military spending and human needs dunng the conung year. .. Bui _for this group the rewards were not all in the realm oi poh11cal mnuence. The PPP hai; found that deep listening empowers member:; of< 1hc g~oup as well a:; the people of the ~ommumty. ~e L1liten10g Pro;eet offered a ~cn~c of involvement m the ~~1unHy. that PPP member:; felt h:id been lacking. . .. It exc111?.g and P.<>wcrrut to ~ircc1ly experience ~eople's lives, says Herb. ~s a Lllitemng Project volunteer. you will meet people for the ~JI'St umc who will open their lives to you in a way some of your fryends never have. Tiu:se community people will calk ro you about things that will move you and touch you deeply." :s (C()lltinued on p:ige 24) Summer, 1989 �LIFE IR I TOIIC CITY wrirten and compiled b!J Juclith I la/le >Ck The city of Oak Ridge is located in eastern Tennessee. near 1he regional hub of Knox\'ille. Its two primary industries are nuclear technologies research and m(lnufacturing components for nuclear warheads, which are carried out on the government-owned Oak Ridge Reservation. Over 15,000 people work on the 37,000-acre site, which is man1gcd for the Depanmen1 of Energy (DOE) by Martin Manetta Energy Systems, lnc. The ciry's location in the heart of TV A's electrical power empire and its proximiry Lo 1-40, a major east-west expressway, make Oak Ridge well-suited for its role in the nationwide US nuclear weapon!> complex. An estimated 680,000 people live within a 50-mile radius of the nuclear producuon facilities at Oak Ridge. The Oak Ridge Reservation is located in an area of rolling hills in the Clinch River drainage system of !he Tennessee River basin. All the sireams in the reservation flow into the Clinch River, which joins the Tennessee 23 miles downsiream. Oak Ridge is an integral pan of the national nuclear weapons complex which is controlled by the Depatunent of Energy. The Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) office of the DOE oversees a uranium production empire that includes the Oak Ridge Reservation and oi.her nuclear facilities in the midwest. There ore three primary weapons production facilities at Oak Ridge: The Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Component Plant fashions the internal componems of H-bombs and plays a pan in the production of every major nuclear weapon in the US arsenal. The sprawling Oak Ridge N:uional Laboratory specializes in energy research, pnnicularly with nuclear technologies, and in the production of radioisotopes for commercial sule. The Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plunt hjs been on standby since 1985 because of a decreased demand for enriched uranium. The plnm currently serves as a waste dump for Y-12 and ORNL. Approximately half of Y-12's 7,000 employees do production work, processing, fabricating, and assembling uranuium and lithium compo111mrs for t/le nation's nuclear warheads. For example. Y-12 receives deuterium (heavy waJer) separatedfrom river warer at DOE's Savannah River plam in South Caroli11a, combines It with lithium and shapes the compound into tablets thllt are sent co warhead a.{sembly facilitit!$ near Amarillo. Texas. Y-12 also recycles e11riched uranium cnmponents from mothballed warheads that have been 10ken apart i11 Texas And it makes precision equipme111 and weapons-testing components for DOE weapons labs in California aJUJ New Me:dco. --Our Own \Vorsi EMmy • p. 111 Secrecy and Control From us inception nnd in large pan 10 the present, 0.1k Ridge, the firs1 atomic city, has been a "secret city.'' In the name of n111ional security, its deadly l~l!'4~f;~JA;J-'tll~~:!~ workings have been kept hushed. This is wha1 drives the "see nothing. hear nothing, say nothing" attitude that has allowed the present· day problems of nuclear we.ipons proliferation. cnvironm1:ntal destruction, and dcterior:iting public health 10 evolv.:. In early 1943 the residents of \\'hen l, a small turnu ng communny 1n enstcm Tenne~scc.. were ~mddenl\ 11prl)otcd, /Jarl)el! 1111.:.fc11ce and a serle.1 of scc1mry gates .mung up around Summc• , 1989 their land. and crude houSinl tlvown wgetlu:r for a di/ferettt ldnd of conununity. Thllusands of construction workers - their 11umber 1Nenmalty reached 47 .500 - heaved up enormous experimemal srructures in which tlwusan.ds of scie111i.Hs arul production workers would make maJerialsfor the first aJomic weapon.s." -·Old 01rn Wom Ent1rry. p.112 111e nev. community, Oak Ridge, was k.epl under strict government control. Its citi.rens, under the jurisdiclion of the Ma.nhauan Projec11 set into motion production of the nation'~ first atomic bomb. On August 6, 1945, the secrecy was broken when the "Linle Boy" bomb devastated Hiroshima nnd led to 1he end of World War ll. The enriched ur-.inium-235 that fueled that honible explosion was produced at Oak Ridge. 11uec days later, Nagasaki was dei;troyed by a plutonium-produced bomb, another kind of nuclear weapon that had been re.~carched at !he O.tk Ridge Lab. Nearly 200,000 city 1'C$idems died in the two blasts. These bombs changed the nature of war by changing the technology of weapons. Humankind now had the capability to destroy the world. "In 1948 the AEC'sfirst chairman, David Utienrhal, urged that the atomic (ndustr)' 'enlist a widening area of our economy,• by sending its roots deep and wide into the same soil that /uls nourished the auionwti11e and other industrial gianlS, the soil of competitive private ittdustry." -OurOwn Worst Enemy. p.116 T he commercialization of the ruom in Oak Ridge came when Union Carbide was installed as lhe sole contractor. At about the same time, 1he AEC cook steps that seemingly decreased governmental control or Ouk Ridge. In 1949, after seven years of total control, the city was opened 10 the public and passes were no longer needed to enter. In 1959, residents voled 10 incorporate and established their own municipal government. This communi1y autonomy was a farce, however. In reality, "the institutional changes made Oak Ridge a town run by two companies--Carbide and tire governme11t- eaclt bufferi11g the other from various forms of acco1111tabiliry and e.wctirig a deep measure of comrol " ·--Old Ow11 Wor.rt £ntmy. p.116 Worker safety and health at the Oak Ridge Reservation nlso fell prey to the policies of secrecy and control. 'T11ey wen: almost c-0mpletcly neglected in the interest of greater bomb production. lnjured and exposed workers were examined and treated exclusively by a special team of radiologists, who kept comple~ control over the employees· medicOLI record!i. Losing coun cases were prevemed. sometimes with hush money, and only winnable ones were brought to trial. The AEC both set nnd enforced the rudiation standards, and kept sccrct unpublicized medical research on the effects of radiation. In 1956, Carbide and the AEC raised the plant's allowable limit for radiation levels on clothing and h:inds to eight times the previously existing lmut. This wus part of an aggressive 111!.:e-back \:ampaign launched after the Oil. Ch1:micll and Atomic \Vorkers union local had advanced numerous n.:commcnd.111ons tor safety improvements. The fu:.t aucmpt 111 outside regulation of the cnvironrncnl tit Oak Ridge was m 1975 when the l!nv1ronmcnU11 Prorection Agency (EPA) first gr.mtcd :\ational Pollution D1sch:ugc Ehmin3tlon SysL pem11ts to Oak Rtdl:e cm facilni es The permits \\t:re (rommllell on ~gc 6) 00 l'hoco 'Kiltunr, J ournnt pu 5 �Burial Grounds: A Legacy of Hazard (continued rrom page 5) diluted by exemptions, however. For example, the pcnnils did 001 monitor mercury, PCBs, and other toxics, or waterborne radioactive wastes. Still. between 1975 and 1983, Union Carbide monitors reported 740 violations. The EPA "canied" DOE in spite of itS non-compliance, and in 1980 renewal pennits were drafted. Poisoned or Protected? After World War 11, there was a surge of activity 10 build H-bombs. From that time to this, the US and USSR have each produced arsenals of nuclear weapons numbering in the tens of thousands to "murually deter" each other. Now large areas of both the Soviet Union and the US are unlivable due to excessive radioactive contnmination. Cancer monalities are increasing. Money has been squandered, and local economies have become bomb-dependent. "National security" has lost its original meaning. And lhe bomb-1n1cks keep rolling. The H-bomb project involved the handling and disposal of huge q11anti1ies of toxic and radioactive materials. When lilh1um was detected in lhe annosphere after the test explosion of an early Soviet ;i , imic bomb, research centered around separating the lithium isotopes. The process finally adopted used massive amounts of mercury to make electrochemical cells. Oak Ridge's Y-12 Plant was the site chosen for this activity. In this second surge of activity :u Oak Ridge, most of the US markelS for mercury were bought out. Burial grounds at the Oak Ridge Reservation are shallow unlined t.renches in 1he eanh holding toxic and radioactive wastes. They contain everything from "low-level" radioactive waste (meutls, gloves, clothes, rags, e1c,) to chemicals in drums, solvents and depleted uranium. Incoming, off-site waste shipments have been buried with records of their contents inaccurately kept or lost. Most are covered with earth now, but during waste dumping, they were left open. Of1en the crenches filled with water during periods of heavy rainfall. The contents of some of the burial grounds are classified as Steret because of the kinds of radioactivity they contain, which places chem outside of state and federal jurisdiction. All the dumping are;is were originally sited for accessibility, and scam attention wos paid 10 I.he geological and hydrological characteristics of the area. Since the rainfall is 60 inches annually, there is a shallow water table and an extensive surface water system. Contamination, i.e. sirontium-90 and uranium, leaks into the water table in all directions, and is carried by water runoff into streams during times of henvy precipitation. '7he leakage from the burial grounds has contaminated not only nearby rocks and soils, comprising a large surface area, but has carried a tremendous amo11111 of radionuclides, thereby conian11naring stream beds a long distance from the si1e. Considering the length of 1he radioactive half-lives contained in the waste, it is doubtful 1/Jat the reserva1ion itself or its surrounding areas can ei·er be returned to a natural s1a1e." -Deadly Dc/t nse. p. 112 "/rt low doses. radiation causes lung, bone and other kinds of cancer, leukemia. premature aging, birth defects, sterili.Jy, blood composition challges and caiaracts ofthe eye. Because radiation ltas the highest impact on growing cells, yowzg children,fe111ses and embryos are the most readily affected. Radiation can also cause genetic mura1io11, the complete effect of which will 1101 be known for gener.a1fons. The likelihood of developing cancer. disease or generic effecis is related tO the OJ11ow11 received by 1he tndivid11,a/, lhe rart ofexposure and the rype of rudiarwn. " Oak Ridge Reservation Wltn Nearby Towns and Strums --Deadly 011/tnst. p. L25 Dams and SetUing Ponds: Last Line of Defense? N t 1 J • ' "' .... "/Ji the excitement, Y-12 misplaced a huge portion of mercury. A J9n Union Carbide audit. compiled largely from the memories ofoperaiing perso1111el, estimated char 2 .4 million pounds were losr between 1950 and 1972. Of 1hi.f anwunr,Jederal officials could not accou111 for I .9 million pounds (they speculated that much of ii lies w1dernea11t rite Y-12 buildings used for lilhiwn separation): 475,000 pounds wound up i11 one Oak Ridge creek; and 30,000 pounds were lost through airborne vapors." --Our Own Worst Enemy, pp.129 Mercury contamination has been just one environmental problem 1n Oak Ridge. After 46 years of "haste and waste" production schemes, the extent of environmental destruction has been shocking. "With a col/ec1ion of unlined pits, unfiltered stacks, lifeless streams and a willingness to use the Great Ouuioors as their filtration system, ORO's waste managers have wagered that dilution is the pollurum solwio11·-tluu a Jwrde of migrating wastes will grad11a1/y dissipote their toxic quali1ies as they meatUier around a11d ojf1he reservaJion." However, "Former Oak Ridge health physicis1 Karl Z. Morgan says tlwr ORNL 1estsfow1d radioactive con10mi11an1sfrom Oak Ridge Reservation 111 river sediment as far away as the Mississippi River." -·Ow Own Worst £Mmy, pp. J32, 136 Xau'.ulfi Journat pa9e 6 "The restrvaiion's three major facilities were built virtually top offour lfibutaries of the Clinch River in order 10 exploit 1hem as sewers. White Oalt. Creek carries ORNL's wasces, Poplar Creek receives ORGDP's and £as1 Fork Poplar Creek and Bear Cr1rek carry Y-12 's." --Ow Own Worst Enemy. p. 133 Ofl Two of the creeks, White Oak and East Fork Poplar Creeks, were dammed, according 10 the DOE, 10 create a "last line of defense to keep ORNL and Y-12 pollumnis from exiting the sites." These and other small dams "...have a rwo-fold function fim, the highly contaminated water in streams becomes di/wed in the large impowzdme11ts created by the dams; second, impounding the water allows time for radionuclid& UJ bind U) particles and seu/e otu, thus creating settling ponds. Both functions are supposed 10 serve to lower the total radia1ion co11111 in wasu! streams eman01i11g from 1he facilities In tliis way 1hefacili1ies try 10 use tire primitive and inexpensive method of dilulion to reduce the concemrations of radioactive co11tami111Jtio11 to 1/te level required by lax federal Standards. Those sra11durds do not limit the total 01n<1111Jt of polluwnt.f tlw1 could be disposed of each day. HSe\·eral problems have resu/!edfrom rhis practice ofdil111i11g waste. First, during heavy rainfall the system fails: the lakes behind 1he tlams can IW longer act as set1lin11 ponds. their waters rise a11d become turbulent, and largt amounts of radionuclides t1W\'e over rite dam and into the Clinch Rfrer. Second. rite beds of these se11ling ponds, over time, lrave become so filled with radioacti-.:e sedill'.en1 1ha1 1/ie process of binditig a1ui sc11li11g om ll'hicli is supposed to occur becomel less possible." --DeadlyD~feJUe. p. 107·108 SumttWT, l 989 �Air Releases For fear of their enemies, humans have unleashed powers have already caused great destruction and threaten co destroy all life unless they are curbed. Governments seem blind to the fa't lhat our greatest enemies are the weapons used to Lhrcaten our human "enemies." . Our paranoid fc:ar of o~er ~umans has doomed us to a path that, 1f we connnue to follow H, will lead to the certain desuucrion of all life - not in a grand holocaust, but as vicrim to a slow toxic wasting disease. ' t~at A study done by rhe Office of Environmental Audit of the DOE in 1986 found 1hat, at 1he Y-12 Plant alone, I.here were 233 b!-lildings with 350 s1acks thn1 rekased one or more pollu1ants to thi: au. Only a few had filtration controls. Eighty-six of the s1acks e!llined U-23.4, 235 or 238. "Normal operational releases'' of airborne uranium had come to 12,870 pounds during Lhe plant's history. Accidents and spills at the Y-12 plant have released unknown quantities of uranium. "EPA Sraiistics show tlUll the Oak. Ridgt Reservation and the Fernald Peed Marerials Producrio11 Ce111er lead all DOE facilities in rel~asiflg radioactive particles 10 the atmosphere Oak. Ridge area resulenrs are exposed ro airborne radio11uclides measuring 50 mremfyear 10 the lungs and 8 mremslyear to the bone--jive times gremer than a proposed EPA limit.'' -OivOwn 1Vors1E~emy,p.137-138 A new i.tlcinerator, slated to go on-line in the summer of 1_989, will increase the risk of air pollution. This incinerator, ltcensed by the EPA. will bum radioactively contaminated PCB's. Another incinerator in the Oak Ridge area has also been licensed to bum low-level radioactive waste. (sec KattJalt Joivnal, Issue 23) "Incineration releases radionuclides such as tritium, carbon-14, and iodine inro tlte air, and can also create the potent car~inoge11 dioxin.This radioactivity is carried by prevailing winds wl11ch blow northeast and southwest along 1he valley without crossing the ridges." -Deadly Defense.pp. 115.74 For 1he r.akc of evcry1hing I.hat lives we must resist this destructive impulse in ourselves and stop our slow slide into oblivion by stopping the production of all nuclear weapons now. References: Our 01t111 Worst Enemy. The lmp()CI of Military Production 011 the Up~r Sow/I • wriucn by Tom Schlesinger with John Gnventa and Jullet Merrifield and published in 1983 by The Highlllnder Research and Educnuon Center (RL 3, Box 370: New Market, TN 37820). D11adly Defense: Military Radioactive la!ld/llls - wnuen by Marvin Resnikoff. Lisa FiM.ldl, 11t al.• and published by I.he Radioncuve Waste Crunp:iign (625 Bro:idway, Scc:ond Floor: New York City, NY 10012) IF '\'1~ J)()N''I1 S'l'() 1>, '1111l~lll~ '\'II.1I.1 JJJ~ N<> ONJ~ 1 1~:.~r<ltllJ~\Jlhis 6 By BriJNJINs FirUtin., Grade Jt,S"'°""JMOW!lmn JllgliSdwol An En1ry 11t w 1989 "\/LnonofPeace" <:onJl!SI spcnwr~dby 1neJOl:UoltCowd1ptauNtrwort The Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance (0REPA) and other co-sponsoring groups are orga.ni~ing the "NEVER AGAIN: March for Peace and the Environment" action on Hiroshima Day, August 6. 1989 in Oak Ridge, TN. You and other individuals and groups rrom the region and the nation arc invired to aucnd. This action is seen as a major event in this "Year of Resistance." People from diverse backgrounds and understandings will come together to create a large, compelling turnout, which will non-violently demonstrate that the issues surrounding peace and the environment can no longer be ignored. The focus of this action is lhc Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Pinnt managed by the United Stares Department of Energy in Oak Ridge. The goals of the march and weekend activities arc to make a statement for: · the cessation of production and deployment of nuclear weapons. - the environmental restoration or the weapons production facilities, and • the use of the talents and money now being wasted in weapons production to be used for goods and servic.~s which meet human needs. March for Peace and the Environment Hiroshima Day August 6, 1989, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Oalc RUJgt E11~/ronmental Ptau Alliantt P.0, Otn llOJ. Kno1CVill6. TN 37901 (615) S7l-2322 Si.unmu, 1989 During the days between Jliroshima Day 3nd Nagasaki Day, a Peace Caravan will proceed from Oak Ridge to the Sav:inn:ih River Bomb Plant near Aiken, SC. to Warner Robins, GA, ending up at the Kings Bay Submarine Base in Sl. Marys, GA on Augusi 9. Free camping 1s available Saturday and Sunday at the peace camp. It is a primitive camping situation and campers should come prepared. The camp is 30 minutes east of Knoxville JUSt minutes off Interstate 40. Please pre-register for maps and information. ./~ P' Schedule or Events Saturday, August 5: 12:()()..6:00 pm· Check-in at Peace Camp 5:00-7:00- Check-in and Potluck Snacks, Laurel Theater, Knox.ville 7:()().8:00 • Premiere of the ftlm 811.iltling Bombs. Laurel Theater 8:()().12:00 - Social, music, Laurel Theater 8:30-9:30- Ecumenical cnndlelight vigil at Y-12, Oak Ridge 10:00-12:00- ''Dan~ Against Destruction• Sunday, August 6 12:00-3:00 pm · Regisuarion, Alvin K. Bissell Parle Oak Rid;;e I:00-4:00 - Non-violence trrumn~ 4:00-5:00 - Aflinity groups meeung 3:00-6:00 - Music, speakers, "Uranium: Tm.ii of Tears" 6:00-6:30 - "NEVER AOAIN: M:irch for Peace and the Environment• 10 the Y·I 2 gates 6:30-7:00 - Rally nnd non-violent civil diso~dience 7:00·8:00 - Jail vigil 8:00-9:00 · Community 5h:iring Monday, August 7 Morning - Peace Caravan depans Oak Ridge �''Do by Patrick Clark The Oak Ridge EnvironmenUl.l and Peace Alliance (OREPA) began in June, 1988 for the purpose of organizing a rally at the Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Components Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This very successful non-violent demonstration on Hiroshima Day, August 6, 1988 saw 170 people march on the plant to oppose the processes of nuclear weapons-making. Five people were arrested in 1he first cases of civil disobedience 10 occur in Oak Ridge, a major clement of the national weapons production complex. Since the 1988 Hiroshima Day event OREPA has continued to be active as well as producuve in its research. uncovering and presenting before the public spotlight the realities of the Y-12 operations and the nuclear industry t1t Oak Ridge. OREPA participated in emerging "Green" world vision looks at issues not as isofaled and separnte, but as co-dependent nnd interrel:i.1ed. The Bomb, a deadly monster in itself. produces a trail of devastation from the mines where the raw uranium is taken from the ground, along the route by which it is shipped to the plant, 10 where its by-products are buried or released into the environmcnL This process, supposedly vital to national security, involves mine tailings, highway spills. accidental releases, and radioactive waste. Is it in 1he imeres1 of "na1ioual securily" for our governmem to poison the environment and hllrnl the local people? Bomb production is causing this environmental destruction constantly, whether the final products are detonated or noi. Oak Ridge is a cenier of highly concenttated nuclear activity. It is "a disgrace to Katuah" and "a blight on the countryside," says Smith. ''What they do at Y-12 is repugnant. The bombs are produced to kill men, women, and children. The whole operation is laced with secrecy, illegitimacy, and intimidation. Employees are threatened with loss of their jobs if they discuss what they do. There is noihing resembling a free exchange of ideas. This runs counter to the values our country was founded on and how humans should treat each other. Thepublicdoesn'thave access to what's going on there. The DOE produces a noxious brew of chemicals that is released into the surrounding airand water. Hidden in their ~ fog of secrecy, they use 'national ~ security' as justification for all this." engages in periodic31 tracking of nuclear weapons shipmen is) in the ~ foll of 1988 and has testified at scoping hearings at Oak Ridge. The group was the guest of lhe US Dep:mment of Energy on a tour of the various Oak Ridge facilities. ft hns also developed a slideshow uboul the situation at Oak Ridge and actions taken to correct itThe presentation has been shown to over 50 church, school, and environmental ln the arena of nuclear warfare, human rights, groups. peace, and environmental issues go hand in The group has also joined the Miliwy hand. Production Network. This is a coalition of national and local groups concerned with nuclear OREPA was founded on direct acuon. weapons production facilities thro1.1ghout the "Direct action is people raking responsibility for country. Delegates from the member groups protection of their offspring and the planet. meet periodically 10 generate strategies for Direct action is not letting those in power decide developing public opposition to the production wbat is best for us. This involves sincerity, of miliu'lry weapon.~ dedication, t\lld, at times, risk. Direct action is a Because of its involvement with the very powerful personnl sutement of one's nuclear weapons industry at Oak Ridge, OREPA values." has become a fairly credible counterweight to the Smllh says that bis experience in 1he government operations there. The group has Y-12 demonstration was a moving and become known as a voice: for alternative views empowering one. It made him realize thnt one of Oak Ridge. person can make a difference. "There 1:> no reason to feel helpless and like you're not being hurd. Direct action shows you this." Whal is lhe conne~tion that prompted Oak Ridge is 45 years of environmental OREPA to adopt both environmental and peace debL Heavy me1als, PCB's, and toxic organic issues in LO its title? According to Steve Smith, a chcmlcnls have constantly been release-0 into the founding member of the group. the peace and surrounding creeks. and rndioactivity is environmental is:;ues are inseparably linked. The ~tUafi 1ounml Ptl941 8 dispersed into the air. Deadly wastes which even the government has no1 tabulated have been buried around the city. P-01luted radioactive groundwater is carried in10 the creeks during periods of heavy rainfall . "Many questions remain,'' says Smith. "What is the migration of the deep-well injections. for instance? We're not getting answers. There are obviously lots of serious problems there." OREPA's immediate goal is to curb weapons production ac Oak Ridge. Uhima1ely the group is seeking a complete halt to the production of nuclear weapons and a timely clean-up of the military mess. This requites exposing the rationale behind nuclear armament to the general public. "Let's stan a debate on what's fueling the arms race," says Smith. "What are the economic realities hidden behind the facade of national security? The money tied up in the rums race is phenomenal. Part of OREPA's goal involves funding other work for the people employed there. Suggestions include research in solar and other renewable energy alternatives. as well as clean-up of the exisung damage. They are not presently fulfilling any useful function, anyway. "The Sovieis are ""illing 10 negotiau:: the people in Europe don't want nuclear weapons. The US cannot continue to Justify its arms production within this current world situation." The next eight months are important ones for world peace. Vital decisions arc being made in Washington which will set the nuclear policy agenda for the next 50 years. The government can go 1wo ways according to OREPA: it can continue 10 build more nuclear weapons for the fu1ure, or it C3II clean up what it hns done so far. Whal will decide !his is people getting involved. How can people get involved? There nre three main ways: I) by becoming informed and informing others; 2) by taking pan in the political process. Write letters. attend public forums, call your representatives, demand 1hat our opinions be hew-d and our money shifted away from nuclear weapons bujld-up; and 3) be in Oak Ridge on August 5 and 6 for the 1989 Hiroshima Day March for Peace and the En\'ironment. Dr""'"'I "1 F.dJiL l/aJJ, 9111 ~rodL Jtlltk111 a18ht& Ri~ lllgh School, Gl#nvil~. ftltXtlt Caro/111(J, an ollry '"rite 1989 • Visfo>i tJf P~~· COflldl •poN<Jritd by w lad.son COIU'oly P~ocr ,,. # , NdWtlTt ~ Summo.;r, 1989 �PLANTING A TREE OF PEACE by David Wheeler In the spring of 1987, a group of parents and peace people in White County, Georgia went to the Superintendent of Schools to ask thnt some pan of the school curriculum to be devoted to peace education. They wanted to balance the unrestricted military recruitment activities that were being carried out on the high school campus. l11e superintendent sent lhe idea on to a committee, declaring that he was a veteran of the Kore::in War and ''a patriotic American." Needless to say, the idea was stifled in 1he bureaucratic framework. Months latl!r the parents returned with another proposal. This time they sugges1ed involvmg the students in a llaudenosaunee (Iroquois} Indian ceremony called "Planting lhe Tree of Peace." At the original Tree of Peace ceremony, the Six Nations {lroquo1s) Confedcrocy was formed; and pans of the US Constitution were actually modeled on 1hat confederacy. The proposed latter-day ceremony was planned to coincide with the observances of the bicentennial of the signing of the US Constitution... ~ well as remind studencs of the Indian heritage of this land. Within this historical context, the second suggestion was accepted, and the group contacted Jake Swamp, peace chief of the Iroquois Nacion, who has brought this ceremony to many places around che world. He Q£l'CCd tO conduc1 the event. Weeks or publicity and preparation preceded the ceremony. School children wrote invitations to 1heir local and national elected representatives asking them to auend. A local journalist helped the children write a press :innouncement to be released to community newspapers. When Jake Sw:1mp ;UTived. he fir:;t spoke to the eigh1h grade children at their school. He opened his Ullk by giving 1hanks 10 the spirits 01 all things 1kn live and the Grc;it Sp1ri1 over all, and told the children that 11 was imponani tel open C\ery gathering by recognizing the: spirits of the '' orld. He nlso spoke to high school soci:il studies cla~ses and gave a presentation at an assembly in the elementary school. At 1he assembly fifth grnde children presented him with gifis they had made.. When he ~poke to second-graders in their classroom. some of !he children were frightened of h.im at first, but Swamp calmed their fo:irs by telling them of lhe tradition of the peace chief among his people. He said he never fought, as that would bctr:iy his trust to his tribe. but r.uhcr worked to promote peace amoni; his people and in the world. The next day, Swamp wen1 wuh his ho~ts to the S:lutee-Nacoochee Presby1 erian Church and spoke to the younger children. His message in the children's sermon was that we should remember to give thanks for all things. and lhnt every gathering should open with a prayer of thanks. Summer, t 96C} prophecies that the day will come when the wild strawberries will rcrnm no more, and all that will remain for the people will be the leaves of the plant. It will be lhat way for everythmg. Swamp said. The day will come when most or lhe living beings of creation will be gone 10 a beuer place where none or this pollution and destruction is happening. Yet, even 1hen, we must sull give thanks for what remains to us. Afcer Swamp's presentation, lhe group ai Sautce placed a white pine tree donated by a local landscaper into :i large hole, nnd the children present covered the roots with dirt. Then four children. representing the four directions and the four races or the world, tied four ribbons· red. black, white. and yello\\ - to 1he tree to mingle together in the wind. Other children came forward and also deconued the tree with ribbons. Traditional lndian dancers from the Cherokee Indian Reservation, led by Richard Crowe, then performed craditional Cherokee social dances. A group of women from the local community presented Jake Swamp wnh ll beaded bell lhnt they had m.nde depicting the White Tree of Pence surrounded by a.II the peoples of the world. The ceremony was completed with a gigantic pot-luck feas1. Tree or Pence Socic1y That afternoon the Tree of Peace Ceremony was held at the Sautec·Nacoochee Community Center. Over 100 people attended the gathering. Elected official~ who Wt.'TC present were recognized and given a chance to speak. Girl Scouts paraded around the site carrying the fings of many nations. symbolic of international uniry. When Jake Swamp ~poke, he cold the story of The Peacenu1ker, who first brouglu peace. to the constlltltly warring tribes of the St. Lm~rcncc Rivcr-ca'1em Grc:u Lakes :irc.i nnd drew them together to form the lroqu<us Confederacy. In the \\'hite Tree of Peace ccrcmony, lcgc:nd s:iys that the Pcncc:makcr tore a t?reat white pine tree from the ground. Ile then bid Adodarhoh, originally the licrcest of the tribal W;lf chiefs, to be the fin;1 of the warriors to thro\\ his weapon!' into the hole which opened into an underground river and carried them away. The tree was replaced in the holt:, and The Peacemaker declared lh:u, "The Y.hi1e roots of this tree will go out in nil 1hc dirc!Ctions, and lhe children of filJ 1.hosc present will be able to gather together under the shade of this Tree of Pcl::icc for all time to come." fake Swamp again emphasized the imponance of giving thanks :ind :.aid that no matter hov. bad things might seem 10 be, it is imponant 10 give lh:mks for what we have. Ile gave as an example the wild strawberry plant, which is very sacred to th1: lribcs of the Huudenosaunce. It 1s said among the Haudenosaunce that thing~ migh1 indeed be bad now, buc !hey know th;u someday things will be worse. because it is given in the tribal The Tree of Peace is thriving in Soulhc:m Appalachian soil The white pine pl3nted in Sautee was surrounded with wildflowers, set around its base the following year. Oo New Year's Day, 1989. bulbs were planted around lhe rrce, which bloomed later in the spnng. The tree is kept mulched and tended by the children and aduhs of lhc community. It il> ;i focus of e:1ch year's New Year celebrauons and the annUjl community fo~1ivals which :in: held at the cen1er. Because it wns positi\'c nod nonconfronianonal in ns nature, 1hc Tree ol Peace.: ceremony softened 1he members of 1he school bo!l!d They cnme to ~c-e that to 1he loc:il group, "pence·• meant brillgb.g pc•ople :oge1/1a rnther than splimng the rommunny apart. l11crcfon:. in 191)9, community members w.:rc allowed to perform ti peace pl.1y at the sd1ool. T/ie Peace C/11/d tdls the story ot nn American girl and a Ru~siun boy who become tricnds and evcnrn:illy bnng 1hc:1r countric<>' leaders 10ge1ticr to discuss di~armament (sec: p. 15). The piny was also presen1cd in a pubhc p¢rfonn:ince. which was :mended by the whole school board, 1he county commissioners, and other eh:cted officials. The play was supponed in pan by local businesses. It was filmed for TV by the CNN Networl.;, and the t0\\11 enjoyed the "idesprcad nucntion it received. 11lc :.pirit of peace has brought changes 10 a small, rur.1.l 1own in Kaniah. (prepared v.11/i tlic 11.:tp ofJ(}{JJmt Steele) Rc:.aun:c; r/:( Grwl law of Pc.:JU and TN! Co11.1111ui1on 0/1/11: UrnudS1aus of./tr111:nca. Tr~ ol Pc!ICCSocicty, c/o Jake Swump. Box 188·C Cook Ro.1!1: Mohawk Nauon: YUi Hogamburt. NY 13655 �. Community Building and Peace: The Vital Connection A look oJ The Fou11datio11for Commu11ily E11courageme111 by Richard Lowenthal Most people, ii questioned, would say that they deeply desire peace and a sense of community in their lives. Yet, despite this longing, most people usually have very little idea of how to creartt pe3Ce and community, and thus end up fceHng stymied and hopeless about it - which le~ incvitabl y to resignation and apathy (two of the of1-dei;eribed hallmarks of the 80's). We need only to look at the course oflhe "peace movement" over the pasr two dCQndes, 10 sec this discouragement and disempowcrmcnt at work. Ccnainly, the peace mov.:ment has had an important impact on many lives and on our social consciousness, but in some crucial respects the movement has been remarkably ineffective. ls our -planet really nny more peaceful now thnn it wns ten or twenty or thiny years ago? ls meani11gful disarmament (as opposed to the token disnnn:uneot now being righteously touted by the superpowers) any closer to becoming a reality? Despite all the efforts of varied peace groups and peace-minded citizens, we are all still churning out more and more nucle:ir weapons. every day of every year - and movement toward la..~ting peace and improved intemationru relations has in most respects been negligible. Why is this? Why has lhe peace movement had such difficulty gaining headway and achieving tangible results? And why do many people srill dismiss the goal of peace as an impractical, visionnry dream? For that matter, why is the peace movement often exactly that· unrealistic and impractical? As we prepare to enter the last decade of the second millenium, it is vital thnt we understand these questions and seek to nnswer them - for the answers we seek may well be crucial to our survival. Ooc oflhe most positive and provocative approaches to these questions is that taken by The Foundation for Community Encouragement (FCE) in Knoxville TN, a non-profit organiiation based largely on the seminal work of Dr. M. Sc0tt Peck and his most recent book Tiie Different Drum: Comn11111iry Making and Peace. The book's introduction begins with a deceptively simple yet astonishing statemcni: "In and through community lies the salvation of the world." It is astonishing • and not at all simple - because the dist.resSing truth is that "most of us have never had an experience of true community." Thus saying that community will be our salvation is like crying "to describe the taste of artichokes to someone who has never eaten one." Until we can truly experience ond savor the taste. texture, and feeling of community, there is simply no way to comprehend Dr. ~1.-ck's opening stntemem. Then four paragraphs into th~ inu-oducuon to ·. . .· . this amnz.ing book. Dr. Peck very mildly expresses his views about peacemaking - in the procC£S answering the questions expressed earlier in this article. His words are wonh quoting 1n full: "... initially. r thought this book should be entitled 'Peace-Making and Community.' But that would put the can before the horse, for I fail to see how we Americans will be able to communicate effectively with the Russians (or any people of other culrures) when generally we don't even know how to communicate with the neighbors next door. much less our neighbor.; on the other side of the tracks. True communication. like the charity it requires, begins :1t home. Perhaps peacemaking should start small. I am not suggesting... that we should abandon global peacemaking cffortS. I am dubious, however. as to how far we can move toward global corrununity • which is the o111y way to achieve intemntional peace- until we learn the basic principles of community in our own individual lives and personal spheres of influence." The book goes oo to explore the essence of community, and the process of community-building through sharing, vulnerability, communication, and real relationship. Dr. Peck is careful 10 explain the difference between "pseudo-community" and the experience of true community, and an understanding of this differece is crucial to understanding FCE's mission and philosophy. While community is characterized by openness, inclusivity, risk-taking, and genuine appreciation of the differences of personalities and opinions, "pseud~community" is based on rigid expectations and beliefs, exclusivity, maintaining an appearance of community, and the squelching of confrontation and differences. As FCE puts it, ''Through the power of genuine community, we seek to offer opportunities for people to bridge differences and reconcile conflicts with authenticity and integrity.'' In practical tcnns. FCE's focus extends into several different areas - all, of course, related to the an (or science?) of community-building. Its primary focus is to share the experience of community through powerful weekend programs called Community Building Workshops. The effectiveness of these workshops is made evident by the fact that in 1988 over 50 were conducted throughout the United States, just three years after the first workshop was offered • which happened to be the 011Jy one presented in 19&5! In 1986. twelve were conducted. and in 1987 lhere were thirty. These weekend workshops are exll'Cmely cxpericmial in narure, as well as participatory - there is very Httle intellectunl material presemed, and no lecturing at nil. This does not mean. however, that intellectual awnrcne:;s is discounted ·quite the contrary! In fact, one of the strengths of the workshops is that awareness nnd community grows ouc of evc:ryone's total experience within the group scning, and not out of some framework or organiwrion imposed on the group (a.~idc from some basic ground rules for the weekend). Since there is very little to grab on LO in order to pigeon-hole or intellectualize what's happening, and the group leaders are not teaching. or lecturing, or giving directions (with a few exceptions), (c:ontinuol cm Ne Z.:J Drnwing by Rob Messick Su.mnu:r, 191t9 �Peacemakers for the Katuah Bioregional Province (a partial listing) American Friends Service Committee Asheville Aikikai Pc<JCe Program 92 Piedmont Ave. NE AtlllllUI, GA 30303 (404) 458-0460 939 Riverside Drive Woodfin. NC 28804 (704) 258-1330 Dan P:ilmcr, lnwuctor Amnesty Internntioruil The pltilos()phy of rukido 1s much different from that of rnt>il f/llJl'tial ans; rather than mttting an Oltachr head-on, studl:nts of aikido lrrarn first how 10 get ow of the way. Then we are 1augl11 l10w to capture an Ollachr's energy and redirect /J, so thr amounJ of tnugy pw fnto the a111Jck. is returned 10 the aiiacku. In a1kldo practice an attQ(.ktr is immobl/iud Ira such a way lhnl, t'Vtn if ht dou11'1 know how to fall, he is brouglll 10 the ground "'ithDUI bting hurL Tht idea is lo immobilize him. The purpose of aikido is 10 ruolv~ a violent conflict without harm 10 one's st.If ar to an auacktr. Practitioners of aikido do 1101 considtr an attacking person as an t11emy. An attacker is simply pr&rcflting us with on opporruniry 111 practice Instead of ignoring an attadc. we learn ID embrace iJ and use 11 as an opportunityfor personal spiritual ~w:lop~111. Tht! most Important thing a/Jou.I nikido i.f Ml self-defense. but self-control It is necessary IO learn to control one's own tnergy o.!ld one's own balance before one can control SOPU!ane. rlsc'J tnergy and balance. Once on4 lia.r mastend st/f-conlral. con1101/ing someone else is no1 so dlflicult. The physi.cal practice of nikido techniqUl!s enhances Jht: developmMt of the spirit. Bodily txptrltndng tlu! principles of nikido 111 training, one gets a btJlt!r feel/or 1he ~truual D$pt:CIS of ti~ practice than a reading of tlte p/tilosophy could give. Then agam. one canMtjust practice, <1ne OIJO has 101hinJ.. l1 worlcs both ways. · Da11 Palmer Soul.hem Region 730 Peaclurce (#982) Atlllll1.3, GA 30308 ConUICt Judi Hom Appalachian Peace Educalion Center 114 Coun Sll:'CCl ~~\.ACJf1. Abingdon, Virginia 24210 (703) 628-4366 ~~ . ~4- ..., /. 1g: ~ (') q: '." ~0Nc~,~~ The Appalachian Ptact Education Cl!llttr is a coalition of~Q(;e groups in the southwestern Vlrginin area as wall as a membership orgallizatio11. Tht! coa/i1io11 i11clu1Us Jhe Sou1liwes1 Peace 1'111e /11 \Vise a11d Lu counties. Pellplefor a Just Pt(l(;e in IVytltcvillt:, S1wkms fur Pt(l(;t and Environrrwt1al Concerns 01 Emory and lltnry College, and the Ctn1raJ America Group. Beyond War/Peace Tree RI. 3, Boit 30-E Clntksvillc, GA 30523 ConW:t: JllllCl Schaller The Center for Peace .Re. 11. Boit 369 Scvicrvillo, TN 37862 Central America Resource Group Box 7411 Asheville, NC 28802 Coalition for Justice in Central America Box299 Blacksburg, VA 24063 (703) 951-7953 ConlllCC N:111cy Qcnlhncr, Nik Jones Cumberland Center for Justice and Peace Scwancc, TN 37375 (615) 598-5748 ConUICc John M. Gcssell Ecumenical Project for Int ernational Cooperation 734 w Locus1 Sc. Johnson Ci1y. TN 37C)()J Ecumenical Peacem:ikers Bo~66 Swllllllllll03, NC 28778 Fellowship or Rt'cundli:iliun f'. 0 Bm 2-71 Nyad, NY IO'JC.O A Ieng t1~ peo.I' or ani:u11< n 11 fuel QJ11(Jn11 0tlv acu,1t1u has pr1Jll'ded sll(lport ond drc:ft CG.w IIille ID pc.ople conmkring (MS cr.llor::roly t1on. s .. nunar. 1989 Foundation for Communily EncouragemenL 7616 Gleason Rd. Knoxville, TN 37919 (see article page IOJ J ackson County Peace Network P.O. Box 1872 Sylva. NC 28779 (704) 293-9230 Conmtt Cynlh13. Gnlltngcr A VISION OF PEACE Tht Jackson Coumy Pear:c Nt1work fJCPNJ brings M.ar.e issues into tht Iota/ .1hcools through the Vi.tiofl of Peace Con111s1, a y~arfy e»cnt 1ha1 awards caslr prius for the moJt ~anmp/ul siattmenu on pcllet 1/it1~ by high ~chool 111iJcnu worJUnK in tire. wrmen or visual arts. Tht contest is hi!ld wrth the pu11UJs1on of the Board of Edurm1on ulUJ l 'mc-11 of Ptut"c projtCf.f art uqu1rM rla.u><-ork In some '" ' t:laJJ<'S. Thi! a>nlt.JJ tr a gerttle. rwn-a>n;ront•ulon:il wav 111 tnCO«T<l,Ef. mulaiJS to respQ/1d 10 t/w prewng ls1 .. c oj1hc nut;lcm tlvcut, ,,.hJch t.t a Jiron£ uifl:.u:1m! 011 J"Wll ptoplt"s 1lunJ.mg.ye1 u a sub;cct tluu lS f11r..:elJ taboo 111 tire /;nots or 1n an dulfo ut i.1/hadults In 1987 JC!'N i. f one of11> IDcol orgw: • tans w #"ft e.vt: 1he NC Go.cr11 1 " " rd for Ouuumding \ufunr.. Ser.rec Theuwardwusli-tllte1cd1abtdur1n large nwzsive II) ti.I! su us of w 1 uion of />ca t: Cc.r.11'..si • l'ar Mor.• t 11111! Cynllua G ,/11111;tr Hand$ In Outreach BoxOne Pen!Md, North Carolina. 28765 Hands In Outreach is a Yancey Counry-ba..rcd educational sponsorship progr(llll for "third world" child.rtn Now in iu sixth ~ar, it is "'"ently responsible for the tducatian of 68 indfrldJUJJ cllildren undtr sponsorship and has ht!lped 10 form a rural wo11~n.s· kniJ1i11g ctn/tr which today has frained !Mre than 50 formally illittra/e girls. \Villi a membership of only 140 sponsoi-s. this .rmall and very pusolllll ouirtach has substantially con1ribu1ed not only 10 r,ons1ruc11ng rwo uw schools, bw a/$0 rwo complete school llbraries. Hands In Outreach is l:ome-bostd and is directed by author Don Willcox andfiber artist Louise Todd Cope. The Highlander Cenler ~ RL 3, Box 370 New Markel. TN 37820 {615) 933-3443 Con1ac1: John Gavcnw. R~ Din:clllr Sinu 1932 Tht lllghlandcr Ct!ntcr has s.en'ell us an tducatialllJl umcrfor 1h11 30uiheas1 on issues such as civil rig/Its, labor ISS~S. tllt tnvironllft!ll/, 'll'Ol"Ur saftty and hlalth The Ctnter i.1 noi.•l:o$ling the STP Schools 10 encourage grassroots s1ra1egits 10 counter 1ndu.strial pollution ond programs 10 help communil)' ITU!m~rs understand tht local and global pokier srrw:tures that infl~ue their lives. EMange progranr.r art. being carried on with groups i11 Indio. NicaragUJJ, Sowh Afrit:a, an.d other countries around tht! globe. ·John Gavtnta Ellie Kincade, M.A. (Conffic1 Management) 21 Hillcnd31c Rd. Asheville, NC 2880S (704)1Sl-6St5 "We have so often liMed htroiJm wi1h warfare, bottling, conq~st, and victl)ry. t/taJ a difftrurt notion of huoism, OM that allows us 111 su nurturing and sustaillin1 as ltvoic activiries, is difficult 10 develop. Yet 1his rs whal must ht! doM Wt nud ta vol~ actions Ira "1hu:h one i~nll/its with, raihtr than opposq, another bt!1ng or way ofbl!111g The idea of bottling or fiahlU.g is only one of 1ht: ways of dealing with /tar. Ci!r/llct, alld difftrtncc. Of1en that which we rtjtct and oppose is tht w:ry ~rson or position 1l:a1 w.- 11ted lo 111c/ude in our tn:brau. Acctptance 1s tl:t:' art of making the obstacle tht! pa1h: thtrefore tmbrace tJ~ tncMy. Thi~ 1s lht ltrson of thi! rivu guldt, Fact the dangtr, mow toward 11 ThaJ's where t/r.t: currtn1 u tl:t stro11ges1, and 111<·i// CJJrry ,vou around tht obstaclr. Uu II. Ir: 31k1do, a Jup1mcu numt.il urr , tht tea. hu turn from your auacJ.trs. Move rrght in ~r.u 10 rlielfl, See tliz "'vrfdfro"' their po1111 of M.'Ou/d sm;, '"Blend Ntlltt ltkntih w1tli 11'.e U.l"IJ and llrqnu:lrlJll;for~d. Oppcfl(IUS arcl1i:d), ti"nt :tar; u-.crgy A Upl W lift Tr.at'~ are Mil p:issne. 1ilkcr. fr m ai1:1do./r m l.t11 11 m 11'.e 11wr 1kty Ja~:nd i:n alcnnts.s an on abuuy 1 uspond tlllJ1 u co1 :plrtt Our fir I 11ul Is lo ht Ill' 1 lr:adu OU( (fi.n lives the /st' t r;j ""' "'" sto·icJ Ir. /ac.t w au )' art "'" hi:> on! 10 dJsaJ~tT wla.J: tfJPl tr.;'®1 Women m 11"' W1I~ b CJ.w; Ga!l:md {[rem EJ1k Kinca:dtJ Xotunh Jo .. uw[ pmii: t1 �Peacemakers Peacemakers Peacemakers Peace Room 'V Madison County The World Grune lnstituie Uruvcrsity City Science Cemcr 3508 Market SlrCct Phihdclphia. PA 19104 (215) 387-0220 The Peace Room is structured sa tlllll row dmo and "inretligcnce reports" from all ovu the p/Olltt CD!l bl! collected. proccssl!d and applkd by its rl!starch staff 10 dl!\list crtoti~ stratl!giesfor solving basic human riud problems. The rcstarch is 1htn madt a1'Uilablt 10 world leatkrs and tht general public through rl!SCOfch rqx>rts and cxpu1tntiJJ/ World Game Workslwps. 90 Mill Ctt.ek Rd. M:trshall, NC 28753 (704) 656-2280 Contact: Drew Langsncr Mnrtin Luther King, Jr. Center for Non-violent Social Change 449 Auburn Ave. Atlanta, GA 30312 Plowshare Peace Center Box 1623 Roanoke, VA '24008 (703) 985·0&08 ConlllCl: Pul Prat;ilJ Plowsharl! Peace Center is on education and rts0u.rct cemu on issu.ts relating to social ju.slice, peace, and non·violtnce. Plowshare wa.r ts1ablished by pcoplt of various rtligiDu.s D!ld philosophical persptctivts who sh,art a commi1rmi111 10 nonvioltncc as a way of life. This commitmtnl flows jrom the spiritual Olld ptrU>rral conviction tho/ active lovt is rht only power by which evil is overcome O!ld tlu! only suflicic111 /xJs1s for human society. Blacksburg Adopts a Sister Mountain Light Nelwork RL 1Bo~229 Dillard, GA 30537 (404) 746-2454 COllUICl: M:srinn McCracken "The Mountain Light Netw0rk. is an intuuional/y unsuucwrtd asstmbfagt ofgroups D!ld indi>'iduals i111l:e IYNC and North Gtorgia ana who havt a dup ct>mmitmenJ to 1ndivuiuaJ and global peace ·· New Providence Peace Committee 70'3 W. BroodWQy Maryville, TN 37&01 Contacc Jean Myers North Carolina Educalion Peacemakers Center for Peace 214 Piusboro SL. Chapel HiU, NC 27514 (919} 929-9821 Offering work.shops and courses on education in w 1111Clear age ond confliCJ resaluiion. Northeast Georgia Peace Council Rt. I. Box 319 Baldwin, OA 30511 (404) 778-0579 Com11cc Patsy Gailey sec "Wt short a commitment to a peaceful world We we IJ.lliud in aclcnowltdgmg that Peop~ Evtrywhut Arc Crta1al Equal (PEACE)." Peace Links: Women Against Nuclear War ~~ !:e~~. Blacksburg, Virginia hos become the 78th US corntnJJ!lity to join the US.Nicaragua sistu city program. Tiit link became official on April 11, 1989 l<'licn 1ht Bladcsbu.rg J'own Council decided (in o 4~3 ''Ole) to odop1 San Jose de Bocuy, Nicau.ragu.a as 1rs s1Jttr Cit) Tlit srsru city program btrween the US and Nicaragu.a is an offshoot of Sisur Cities ln1ernatlonal, a program initiated b)' Prts1de111 Eist!llhower ur 1956 to es1ablish greater fricndJlup (Jlld u.ndcrst011durg 1Ntwtt11 the people of the US and other nationJ thl'ough ptrsonal conUJcl ... Mcmbl!Ts of the Si.tttr City Co1t1111111u (SCCJ told the Council 1ha1 they hove vizcd to avoid politici:ing rht issue. But, givim tht current mood of the country, thi.t 1s very difficult to accompltsh. According 10 Rev IVoody Lta1:h. Virginia Tech Pre.sb)'ttriOll minister, fom1er Council member, aJUJ chair of the SCC. "IVhat is intended 1s for one human contlTlu.nity, Blacksburg. 10 a11emp1 10 build bridges offri.:ndJhip and u.nderstonding with D!lOther humon cammu.ni1y, San Jose tk Bocay. It is the hope of 1he Co1M1f1tu thDl the Town Council will be able 10 htlp the town transcend po/11ical differtnccs through this project. It is one way 1ha1 we CDfl say 10 tht children of the town and to 01hu UJwns; We believe thal hurrta11 beings CIUI work 0111 differtnccs when thtir go11crT11M111S COllllOI .• '" Al leas/ two mambers have already visited San Jose tk 8ocoy, and childrtn from Margaret Becks Elementary School in Blacksburg are currently engaged 1n a ptn pal pro;cct with srudt!llJS in Bocay The Commillte haptS these exchanges wll/ ltod ro regular tducational and cultural exchanges bttwun the 1wo conurnuuties~. • by Mariann Caine (tu.trpttdfrom the New River Free Press) ~f~·'~ I• Wf •I NC 28802 (704)684-mo .~ Contacc Jennie Eblen Peace Links is a non·projit, non-partisan orgoniumon commllltd 10 increasing awartncss of and Cl)nctrn aboUJ the issues of world peace and IN 1hrt!a1 of llJIClt!llrwor. Irr Asheville, Peace Links hos1t!d three Soviet In 1985. promottd o "Kids S~alc Thtir Pt!DCt" program in 1he public Schools. and sponsored "Rock 'n Rtgister, • a musical concl!r/ for voltr rl!gistrotion Far "Peace Day 1989." tht group will sponsor 1he childrtn's play "PtfJU Child.· (sup. 15) • )CMit £b{e11 wa~n visitors Peace Links • 3509 Kcstetwood Rd.. Knoxville, TN 37918 - Box 566, Mountain Home. TN 37684 • 235 Hamburg Rd., Bake~ville, NC 28730 • 734 W. Locust St., Johnson Ci1y. TN 37604 Credo of /lie Peaceful Traveler Gr01cfu.1 for the opportu.nily ro travel and to uptritllct the "l>'Orld and be~ ptau begins w11h the indlvr'dual, I a/flmt my personal rtspollSlbiliry and conunitmtlll IO: • journey wilh Oil opui mind and gelllk heart .at:ctpt wilh grace and gr01ilud41he diversity I Coniacc Judy Sheclccl, Hetb W3ltcts Rural Southern Voice for Peace (RSVP) was fou.ndi:d 111 198/ in response 10 a m:ed on /ht part of people w/lo /tit o call 10 worlc for peace and 1us1ict and against raci.rm. bu.J were i.toloted in snwll. and often coflSl!rvarive, rural comm11.1U11u scattartd 1hrougl11Jul IN sowheast. The group ~gan in a cold ba.s11111tnl room with a $4f)/) donation and o oorrowtd zypewmu. It has grown 1n10 a well·known and respected regional peace orga11ila1ion with thru paid staff people, filling an important niJ:h4 in the spct1rum of social change work. in the South and providing hope and insp/raJion to volu.nttcr aciivisrs Md local citizens. RSVP provides o monthly newsleucr 1ha1 amplifies tlit of1err small, and ~t significant, activities that local people are organizing in their own commu.nitics and connects these events within 1/tt context of change that is beginning at the grassroots in the rural Sowlt. In 1984 RSVP began lls Rural Ntrworking a.nd Training Program in which RSVP staff people visittd small 1owns and solllhern cilic;r providing training O/ld suppon for organi:crs. As a result of this program, 12 new group$ have bttn formed and 20 l!Jds1ing groups h11Vt bun rtvitaliud and Strtnl{thtncd. This wori. eumplifits 1ht commi1me111 ro commu.n11y organizing and citizui empowerment tht.u has cl1aracttriud RSVP tinl:e its inception. A recent brtak1hrouglt in neighborhood COmmJJnications is the Ustcning Project idea, which is bwtg dtvl!foped in procriu by I ltrb Walters ofthe RSVP staff. (Sec report on page J) RSVP offers training and conStd101ion for groups who wan/ to initiate Luttning Projects in their area. Peace Advocacy Network 8945 Sh:illowford Drive Knoxville, TN 37923 t/ICOll.ll/Cf • revere and protect the flQ/uroJ tnvironnt(n/ which sustains al/ life • opprcclOl.e all cultures I discover - respect and tllallk nry hosufor their welcome • offer my hand ln/rlendslrip (() tvtryon.e I meet - support rrovtl services 1h.o1 short these views aJUJ act upon 1ht1r1. by my spirit, words and actions • encourage 01htrs to travel tht world ln pttl«. • from The First Global Confcrcnoc on Tourism: A Vi1al Force for Peace (October 27, 1988) x.atl.iah Journat page 12 ~ura.f Sou//, cm Uice fo,. Pea.ct 1901 Hannnh Bmnch Rd. Burnsville, NC 28714 (704) 675-5933 Peace and J ustice Committee 3219 Kingston Pike Knoxville, TN 37919 Peace TreeJCovenant Box82 Snu1ec, GA 30571 Peacemaking Committee Nacoochee PresbylCrian Church Box 87 Sa111ee, GA 30571 S'4mm4lr, 1989 �, Peacemakers ~t:'3s Peacemakers in the Nuclear A . , g e Warren Wilson College Swannanoa, NC 28778 (704) 298-3325 Coniact: Doug Banleu · options in the Nuclear Age l!XistJ 10 ma/cc wt:ll·informed uniw!rsity faculty members available OJ spcakers (free of charge) for well·establisht!d conununlty groups on topics pertaining to national security • the arms race, 11urorism.1111ervenJion, t/te economy. etc. 1'he aim of Options is ({) hrlp p~ople learn the issues and develop .rophistica11'on in analysis of the complu questions uwolved. It is our belief 1ho1 people ore ~st ab/t to ll!orn and arrive at their own conclusion afttr hto.ring a range of opinions on policy choi<:es. The Options program does not take an advocacy role. The program strives 10 provide the comprehLnsrvenns. openMss. and integrity on which any substantive cducatio!IJJ/ exanunation of the iss11ts depends." Pax Christi - Virginia Tech Peacemakers Soviet-American Video Exchange for Children Vagabond Globetrotling: State of lite Ari (S.A. V.E. fotCh.ildtcn) Boll 1838 Cullowbee. NC 28723 (704) 293-9534 Conmcc Howw-d lUll by Mru'Cus Endicou. A book on conscious iouring, tMlilnblc from lhc publisher. S.A.V E wrll coordinate the exchange of student-produced vidto tapes hl'twecn Russian and American schools at tl:t! ;unror high fevel Tilt' principal objective is. of course. 10 foster awareness • awcvencss that Strips awoy tire fear of the unblown. A11 added bonus wjff be the St/f·owarene.ss that comu from ezpfaining one's own situation w others The undulying intMt of tht pro;rer goes beyond fX!OCl!. Peace is o gfrcnfor surviwd's sa/ce, but there ts a more subtle and/ar·rtat:li111g aware11<1ss that may also be engendered: the consc10u.rntss ofs/:ared space, ofshored r(J:.fponsibility for the globof tnvironment, When friendship replaces r1ustrust, 11 is much easier to see that tire health of the planet a/fem us all. • /foward /fi/f Transylvsnians for Peace Box 451 Brevard. NC28712 (704) 884-1633 Con1$t Connie Nash Coniacc Cale O'Hare 20/20 Vision "Encmyof1/1e Week'' "My command!Mnt 10 you is this· love your enemies. Pray for those who persecme )'OU.• Paz Christi has a custom of praying for an "Enemy of the Wetk" at l!acl1 meeting. The custom arises from our desire 10 follow Christ's command to love tvuyoM, evt'n those who oppose us or hate us. A prayer lealkr chooses a person. gtoup. or organization that is in some sense an entnry. The praytr leader explains in what sense that person. or group ls an entmy. and then leads a Sincere prayer for tht wt/I-being of that entmy. • RL I, Box 1037, Sau.tee, GA 30571 (404) 878-3459 Conuicc Joan King • 20/20 NC I I th Congressional Dis1I1c;t P.O. Box 5855, Ashevrllc, NC 28813 The 20f20 Project is a national, grassroots lobbying organ11ation 1ha1 works thro14JJr Ct>ngrtssional districts. Any cilutn can becor1ll! pclitica/fy involved at trucial points i1t rk political syntm by paying S20 per year and taking only 20 minutes per month to wrrre a letter to a Congression11/ reprtst!nralive about a cho~n pofitical issue. Through the 20/ZO Projea people's effortS can be maximiud. and they can become poliucalfy involved with very li11/e t!J!ort · Krtty BoniSkl! 71 Woodbury Rd. Asheville, NC28804 Contact: John Sicvens Enchiridion lntcmation:il Box2589 Cullowhce, NC 28T.l3 Vietnam Vets for Peace 840 Marion Ave. SE Atlanw. GA 30312 War Resisters' League • Southenst ©l W Chapel IUll SL Durham, NC 27701 Wnr Tax Counseling .t15 Kmharine lane Wood:llOCk, GA 30188 (40-l) 928-8"..52 Conl:ICc Robert R:mdall Women's International League ror Pence and Freedom • 28 Queen Rd.; Cruidlcr, NC 287 I5 203 01cy SL Blaclc.sburg, VA (703) 95 I-0032 Peacemaking Task Force of I be Asheville Presbytery Peacemakers Conlllct: Mllry K!ly uutd • RL 5, Box 694; Franklin. NC 28734 ·Rt. I. Box 486; MotglllltOn, GA 30560 Conwc Barbara Newell Earth Quilts/ Regional Project Norma Bradley 296 Monlford Avenue Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 25J· 079 I "Designed from the elements of the Earth and crt.ated within the Earth"."Combinlng the traditional an of quiltmakmg with lqvt of the mountain environment, Norma Brod/ey, arusrlsculptor, assists school groups and others in crealing their own CtJmmw11ty 11ar11t S(u/ptJVt using nntivt materials. Physicians for Social Responsibility • 5 Alpine W:iy, Swnnnnnoa, NC 28778 - Box I 15, Moun.run Home, TN 37684 SANE - Box 11274, Asheville. NC 28804 • 108 N. Blue Ridge Rd .. Black MounlaUI, NC 28711 - 108 Morchc.'ld SL, Morganton. NC 28655 Southern Dharma Retrea t Center RL I, Box 34-H Hot Springs, NC 28743 In Sanskrit, the c/aJsical language of l11dia. dh31'ma is the word for wisdom. /or mtnd tSstnte or 11atural low, It is bl!lit•ed 1/mt greed. hatred, and ignoranc:e (or our 1nab1/ity to su ourst/1-rs a.~ we really are) art states of11Und that hinder the growth of wisdom and undtrstanding, rJnd art the fundamt11tal caures of hultlilfl sulfcrlnlJ It is also believtd thar through 1h.practret of llU!diwtio11, a focu.rtd a11en11011 , tltest states may be dmoNtd und replaced with more politr~'I staks, such as con".passton and /cJndness. Tiit goal ojthe Southern Dlwnr.a Retu Ctn/tr .<11 is 10 pro•ide a ,·01nfortub/t 11<11hmng pluct, rtmo•ed from tht t\·cryd/JJ dwractions of lift, and to crtatt' <Vt atmospliue of quut r(flect1on where one can nurture a stnse of~Iler and wu:o1-er till' 1tmhs w11Jiin 11'.e heart. x.ntuurl Jo ... rnat pa9c 13 1i~ JeconJ anncw/ Peactfest, ~ponsurcd b) PO;( Christi · \'irgiflla 1'ech 011 Su.n.;fuy April 16, 1989, il!lr.ia,,d hwulrtds OJ srwknt.t and /o<al r~.1idr111110 a brr.rfit conurt cdtbraJrnf /J('a <'. • photn by MariJnn Ca111<'. COW1C$)' of the .Vt" Rrvtr fru Press �'.PEACE CWLLD 0 ne of the most familiar peace quotes IS Gandhi's "If we wish to create a lasting peace.~. we w1U have t0 begin with the children." This autumn, the children of the Asheville, NC community will share !heir own vi~ions for aunining world peace in the mus1caJ fanwy.Peact Cliild. The Ptacr Clrild play taltes place m the ycur 2025, when the world is already at peace. I! uses the device of a s1ory1cllcr to cxpl:un how children helped bring peace 10 the world. The script and music ha"e incredible power as the children unfold their wisdom on life, wur, and peace. This play which has been produced iniemmion.11ly since 1981 and is unique in that the author invites t.ach producer 10 rewrite the ~ript to lit the community. the ume, and especially the cast of children of their particular selling. The members of the cast arc involved m dlscu.~sions on peacemaking throughout all rehearsals and ate given the chance to have their own ideas put into the script. The priority is 10 involve community children in the Peace C/rild process, so that •the central experience or Peace Cliild comes when the children performing 11 feel that they themselves are the pc3CC children of the story." The Peace Child Foundation administers all the Ptact Child activities. They supply communities with a Study Gujdc and necessary production support as well as coordinate national and intern:11ional tours. Peace Child was the first production to use the •space Bridge" program, a satelliic link between the US and USSR. Jn 1985 Peace Child toured the world with a special Soviet-American Ptact Child tour in 1986. For mo.re information,conuicc Peace Child Foundation 39n Chain Bridge Road Fairfax, Virginia 22030 (704) 3854494 The Peace Links' producL is scheduled for ion September 30, October 1 (Pence Links' "Pence Dny. 1989") as well as performances for schools. If anyone is interested in volunteering, in buying advertising in the production's program, or in general information, please call Jennie Eblen at (704) 684·5530. Ethnic Survival The Frie11dsllip Quill ~rh.: frimdship qwlt is n tradition in this COU/llry that camt witll 1/u: peopl~ wlio Stllll!d l11ut/rom 01hu plaC Wt wonted 1 find d luimef or our friendship qui.ft t!S. 0 in the Sovw Uman in a place somewhat 11/te our own lrome It 1/V.lkl!s Tnl! glad 10 1hinfc af 1/rL long journey that our quilt offriendship has had and thaJ 11 hasfound you The quilt has marry/11n11y and sad and 1111eru1ing stories. The pa11trn aroUlld 1J:e edges is a traditional oM ca/ltd 'Flying Gttse'. 1'hey artflying around /ht world ro brillg us 1oge1htr 111 growing UJ;l}erstanding so that we con becomt/ri11nds/rom our distant places In this way we can bring peace to our lands, our children, ourfriends, and ourselvt:s... In tht corntrs ofIlle bordl!rs where tht gttst ort flying art tht phases of the moo11. May sht help us to renwmber 1 change wil/mgly and gracefully, to become 0 wll/ll is ntctssary to bring our /ropes and visiollSfor ptoCt to lift.We /rope 1his quilt of/ritmdship has brought f rom us to you the living thoughts and patltml /ropes with which it was made. Thalllc you/or receiv111g it and giving it a lromt 1n your llvt:s. ·from The Book of Quiltmnkers H Thmy women and mui wlro are members and friends o/ tht Ctlo Commu11i1y in 1he South Tot River Valley crtartd 1ht quilt. ft now li\•es in a school in Klrosta by the Black Sta. For mort lnforma1ion. con1ac1 Kori Loy Wildrclcindt; Box 340. Rt. 5: Bur/IS\lille. NC 28714. Ribbon Around the Earth crc:ue, on pieces or fabric, images or personal meaning In 1985, thous:inds of people gathered in Wash1ng1on, D.C. to lie a RIBBON AROUND THE PENTAGON on the 40th anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima tllld Nagasaki. The Ribbon was compost<! of 27,000 pJCCC:> of fabric on which people from every iiate and many nauons had placed symbols of "what 1hey could not think of to be lost forevct" in 1he event of a nuclear Wllt. S1te1Ching 15 milcs-3/ound the Pentagon. on to the Whiie House and around the Capitol, the Ribbon bcc:unc a gentfo remmdet th:u the earth and all 11.s peoples are vulnerable in this nuclear age. Since lhc 1985 event. the Ribbon panels have become pan of local events and have traveled worldwi~ 10 be in major displays. "Making ribbons" has Dc:en adapted as a peacemaking acuviLy in such places ;u Sri Lanka, Israel. and South Africa to addresS conOict.s m lhcsc regions. Today there is a new mission--10 tie a Ribbon Around The .Earth in 1992. Conunuing in our cffon.' of ~lf.Cll{lrc~sion , we "ill expand our original vision to representing our concern not ju~t for nuclcar war but other pressing global issues mcluding hunger, poveny, human righlS, and the environment. lmagme an abuncL1nce of colorful ribbons in simultaneous displays around the world m nauons' cap1Ulls. across borders, 1n political hotspots, and m ~crt.d pl;ice~ You can begin your own scgmenl showing what you cannot think of as lost forever. A p;inel of sturdy cloth, of any color, finished size l8"x36". including a 2· top:.11tchcd bordct. Embro1Jery, appliquc. bauL., quilting. knitung, needlepoin t. weaving. paanung. c1c. ~y be u'itd. Finished scgmcn~ should h:ivc 9" ues or bias wpc sewn mto each comer so they may be ucd together C3$ily. On the bad; a piece of "pcllon" mterfoc1ng coultl be used to write in pen, matkCI"S, or Lyping 11bou1 you and your Ribbon SC&Jllent JCcituah Jou1 nu( p«IJC 14 Ribbon Around the £:.anh iti 1992 8SS tv'. ltjfrrso11 St. M lingron. VA 22205 Elnh bas approxim:uely 5000 ethnolinguistic groups...and only 159 UN members. M oM of these nations' boundaries were cn:ated nnd are m:tlnt:i.ined at gunpoint Mo~t of the world's wars are civil ww-s being waged by ethnic groups fighting for their cultures' sur.ivitl against hostile nation states. The prOQ:sS of colonization has left Africa. Asia and pans of Latin America in nearly arbiir.uy political pieces. War is bOLh the cause and I.he result of this siluation. How can we revolve our Planet into a place tha1 honors and fosters diversity? Educating ourselves about the problem is a good pince to sl:lrt. We need 10 put pressure on our eleci<!d representatives to end our military nid to nations which use these weapons to abuse their ethnic minorities who rightfully desire their independence. We can bring our vision of One Planet peacefully shared by many peoples into a world m:1de more and more receptive to such ideas by the realization of the magnitude of our common problems and the absolute necessity of our cooperation for survival. We are in need of a second wave of decolonization. The first wave saw the breakup only of the European global empires. The second wave will see the breakup of the smaller empires which they left behind. There will be no real peace here until we see our planet as a whole and end our wasteful and violent defense of artificial boundruies. The Eanh's healing Chris1s is the ecological disaster we are fast waking up to. We will have to cooperate to survive. We are one pl:l.Det. and this simple fact is n million times more imponant than any demarcations we have theorized and armjed into being. The age of nations is ending and a new age beginning. What good is a Kalishnnkov against I.he pollution of the Oceans, what good are jet fighters against the greenhouse effect. We will cooperate or we will cease to operateentin:lyl It is stone cold obvious thm the way out of this mess is by learning 10 look at this world as a unity instead of as meaningless political frogmenLS and in pooling our resowces and intelligence instead of using them to confound each other. We will survive by becoming more reasonable, and become more reasonable ns we survive. The Earth is becoming one community. We are building a true planetary culture. This does not mean an end to our ethnic differences, rather we are building a community of communities, n culture of cultures in which we will provide each other wilh a safe pince to prosper. The EmplTCS have had a vested in1erest in etimimuing differences but the emerging Earth community will have an interest in protecting cultuml diversity as a valuable asset. ,, -Will Ashe Baso11 Suggcstbi Res<iurcc: Cultural Sur~iviJJ Ml.ig:11jnc. 11 D1vin11y Avenue Cambridge. Ma:. ~huscts 02138 �In 1984 rhe glasnosr ("openness") policy was as yet unheard of in the Sovic1 Union. But during that year people from !he small mountain town of Black Moun1ain on lhe Swannanoa River in Buncombe County, Nonh Carolina sent a lecter to another small town, the Sculemenr of Krasnaya Polyana in the Caucasus Moun tams of Black Mountain residems made the first Russia, suggesting the two townships open exchange visit to Russia. They were wannly relationships wilh each other to promote peace received and returned with gifts and good and goodwill between their two nations. wishes for the people of lllack Mountain from Miriam Willey of Black Mountain said, the people of Krasnaya Polyana. Two more "We stancd the Pairing Project because we saw Black Mountain residenLS journeyed to the that the nuclear arms race depended on our fear Soviet Union in June of 1987. They returned of the Sovie1 Union, which was inflamed in the with a large :,;Iver samovar and four originul e:irly Reagan years to support the military pain1ings as gifts for the town. build-up in 1his country. We thought 1hat the Then in December of 1987, while Reagan only way 10 end 1he anns race was 10 get to the and Gorbachev were holding meeungs in rooi of that fear, so we began to develop direct Washington, DC, Chairman Kulii and Elena coninct with the Russian people. And it has Filonova, a school-teacher, visired Black proved successful." Mountain for five days. The meetings were The letter from Black Moun1ain to warm and cordial nod the people of Black Krasnaya Polyana was one of 1,000 sem from Mountain had no doubts th:u Chamnan Kuli1 American cities to countcrpnn cities in the Soviet was most sincere in his "wi,;hes that the Union under the auspices of the Ground Zero American and Sovier people would collaboro1e organization. Black Mountain wac; fortunate in in friendship." being one of 65 towns which received a reply "His deep dedication 10 peace mruches our from the Soviet Union. The response was an own, and we see this relationship continuing to enthusiastic leuerfrom Valentin Kulii, Chauman flower in furure yeurs," in the word.~ of Miriam of the Executive Commiuee of the Soviet of Willey. Krnsn:iya Polyana, which is comparable 10 the During the visit Chairman Kulii was position of mayor. The relationship between the presented wilh a mou111ain dulcimer and a peace two towns was officially initiated in November quilt as gifts for the people of his town. Plt1ns of 1985 through a letter 10 Chaimmn Kulii that was signed by tJ1e Mayor, the Board of Aldemien, and 100 residents I of Black Mountain. "When Reagan :md Gorbachev were holding their fin.1 summit meeting in Geneva in 1985, we fell that we were recapitul:uing :tt the grassroots wha1 was happening there at the national level," said Miriwn Willey. More than 50 Black Mountain residents began the work of exchange by preparing a packet contajni_ng photographs and a 22-pagc descnpuon of their town, leuer.; from high school slUdents, and a copy of the local newspaper to send 10 their Russian sister city. Throughout 1985-86 the Black Mountain group held educational lectures on the life and culture of the Soviet Union, sponsored a film festival of Soviet films. and celebrated the 1,000th anniversary of the Russi.an l'ltcto, top: Am~ricuflJ (left It> flghl) l'otly Cod.v, D1t111t! and Claudell(! Orthodox Church with a community Iii/I :.hare u ml!JJJ witli R11.u1(1fl/nr.r.d.r 1n Kra.1na)'a fo/yana worship service. In 1986 a group of 16 Above W/llu Wt:olh(tford, prts1dtnt of thl' Blad:. /lfoun1a111 l'umng l'rojcct, (/ef/J muu Chairman \'altlllm Klllii of Kru.~naya 1'11/yana. were also made to co-sponsor a sisrer cities friendship calendar, featuring photographs of Black Mountain and Karasnay:i Polyana and notations of both Soviet and American holidays. A 1989 Sister Town Calendar was produced, and I, 150 copies were sold in this country. The $3, 150 raised will be used to sponsor future exchange delegations. A 1990 calendar is planned, to be produced by the people of Kmsnayu Polyana in the USSR. ln September of 1988 n delegauon of visitors from Black \fountain visited Kmsnaya Polyana for 1hree days. This was the first time foreigners had been allowed 10 siay overnight in the town, as there arc no lntourist hotels there. Instead they shan:d facilities used for vacationing military people and found thcm.o;elvcs around a night bonfire with members of I.he Soviet Defense Department and their families. There are plans for more el(ch:ingc delegations between Black Mouniain and Krusnayil Poly:ina. Yuri Filonov, a te.1cher of Englhh and German. will teach at Warren Wilson College in rhe neighboring town of Swannanoa this summ..:r. More lcctun:s and educational progr.ims have been held 111 the Black Mountain Libr:iry. High SC'hool and middle school :.tudc;n~ in Black Mountain are now <."Om:sponding "'ith their counterparu in Krasnay:i Polyana, building relationships that will extend into I.he nel(t generation. Ag:tin, Mmam Willc:y spe.1h for the J>t!Oplt: of Black Mounlllin: ~we feel we have overcome the enemy image. We no"' have a totally different conception of the Russian pe~1ple 1h:1n we did before we Marted the project. We didn't reali7.e "'c'd have so much fun, and we couldn't h3ve received a bener reception from I.hem "The Pairing Project 1s our statement th:11 we Jive in :in inu:rdependcnt world, :ind \\C can't have enemies in a nuclear age. There's 100 much at si.:1kc. "lt's slow, bur n's very exciting, because it's working." ~ Da>1dWIW'tla Summer, 1989 �• • ''lalua." "H1nm?" "Do you know why I brought ;yo1t lzere?" "Mm-ll!Ylm. Same reason as alwa. s: you have some big, bad y 1iews to 1ell me." "Yeah ... Well, db )'OU know what it is, then?" "I think so. You've been drq/1ed. haven't you?" "... How'd you know?" "Easy. Logic. We J1ave11't liad a fight, a11d you've not met any girls •.J dbri't tlti11k-·so it couldn'1 have been w say that you want to break up. Your family never figlus, so it couldn't be domestic problems. And you just got your job, so I didn't really t/1ink you could have lost it already Anyway, you're nineteen, and there's a war. \Vluu else could there be?" "I see. All riglr1. Madan/I! Fortune-Teller, so whm had I planned to say next, if you're so smart?" "Mmmm .. I don't know. What?" "Just this. Laura: I'm going. I'm really going. Arid, l.Altra ... I want you to know. . it's/or you that I'm going. J'd hare myself ifI didn't go, if I backed out, if I leJ (/()w11 my f<Jmily and my courury--..as I very easily could, you know. J'm scared of dying. Bur because ofyou, I ca11't risk hating myself. God! I.Aura, I'm going to war!'' • * sining ml)bile in rhe quiet night hush, rich leaves rustling ow beyo11d our embrace to caJch the wind-1his is love a liglu glows from 1/ie parlor. so/1 frosted glass with the vague shadow ofa pail11ed rose mu1ed 011 tlie lilce curtain no one sees kiss me quickly this is love the lwing chains have ceased squeaking. a faraway distant train swells ils terrible /Ul111U)ny--tlie sadness of le(IVing brings us yet closer w each other, an excuse, like 1he non-existent chill ofperfiuned sow/tern June 11igh1 to draw a tender breaJh as one··· a11d we'll do a.u:tthingfor each oilier? • f shl)u/d have see11 tlte missiles. the bombs. the um:rdesola1e co11/1tSion when i looked into those eyes ofyours. bw i only saw the stars. • • • (Jrruneas11rable) --Do you care? (Doi) --Can you see? (Wiry (/() I brood) ·-Anytlli11g wonhwlule? (About the world's injZLrtices) Child Why Q1'eslion Healthy Respect Fot: Metaphysics, Papa Bui Do You Love Me? Son Were/ In A BcUll)•sphere Wi1/i Bebe • Circu.Jaring In The Vomit Of Armageddon Yes /Do • * i was watching my feet, wa1clii11g the light pass over them an su11day: the leaves like cookie-cutters split a11d nfracted the light illlo animal images on the sidewalk aJid on my shoes. the day was calm, perfectly. to fall u1 love. i /liNer imended i should have seen tlie ripples in tire s1uuigli1- bur 110 alas (a lass!) i, afool, glancing up from 1n)•feet, tripped over yow sJw(/()w into the glorious pools of your eyes, wo swift to hear your liglu "helloH or t'Ven to liear my ow11 splash. i came gasping to the surf as soon as ace l could--dripping, rivuletS coursing dbwn my back-bw yow smile sunned me automatically dry. • • • • •• •.• yes. but are you cluvalroLtS? Do you not recognize your duty to your Lord God and ro llis ~oyal Jligh11£Ss your appointed Mas1err "Yes, yes. yes; pleose stop it, Chloe, I want to sleep. dear" A pause. "Gaah--wai11, do yo11 /01·e mt!? I don 'r think su. realfr. Gawain, tllere ts a war ou1side our "indow. A war. Ga\\YJin, t/,.) yo111Uldcrsta11d what I say? Ga11ai11. Please, Gawain, go fight Jn U! You're fW1 gelling too old, are you. dl:ar heanr "Chloe. Chloe. Chloe, Cltloe, do I lia~e to suffer to make you huppy? Jlave you no faith 111 me? Ridiculous woman-gojeed your peacocks!" • --How much? Wlsen 1 look irr your eyes, i seem)' own reflection. • • • * • • oops. the shell ofthe earth, it's a li11le cracked, spi1mi11g, flingi11g hurtling, off-bala11ce-.,get the/at kid off our ml!fT)"go ·ro1u1d A1id ill Chicago, at 2:00, the s1111 setS i11 six mimttes and ti~ buildillgs break aftto reveal a sub1trb neighborhood benvixt gre1mspring hills Time lriccough.s -my black-eyed susan, you are. my sun, my soul. m.y self-·· (tire plw1ie rings.) 111/ien i look into your eyes (the phone rings.) when i look--". . a singing telegram/mm a mr. martin 1111/ier kiflg,jr. will .\'Oil acceprtlte cluuges?" wiry- "we shall 01/er come, we shaDover come, we shall over come .•• ~ four niliety-five p/1~ tax. i love you. susan! romeo and juliet lli!Ver intended JhiI.. i had a dream once, too, in teclmicolor. The transient w1frerst• swells and re1·olves. Stars wing by, rlie Rock of 118tS and splrere 11msic •.• hear ii."~ sliall! overcome. • • • UNICEF is selling cl:ancc:s r/us Christmas 011 o clwi,i:: one peace or a milliM pieas. A wlwppcr ofan honor. Bl4t ir's lb(> bad. Thi") 're Mt making any mu11ey offit .• aml the W1t1e11burghers a1 I! making a mint peddlfng pardnns, �• • * they are fighting for love. * well, my first dJlly is as citize11 of the universe. but what I wanr to k11ow is, why i'm me and not you ... have i got a special mission or something? it's weird to think that i'm alt there is. what if i'm11tst imagi11iflg the whole thi11g? rw. i dbn't really believe lhaI.. bm, you know, i could think: "i'm the whole u11iverse.'' and chen, i'd be a citizen of myself. • • it's because he's a truck driver. momma. you know that. the only tiling i11 che world that could part /Um from that eighteen-wheeled swee'/iean of his is Iris draft card. if uncle sam yells for him. he's there, one mad rush to the from line where he .na11ds,for all the world like a devoted sclwolkid saying 1/ie pledge: perjealy composed/ace, heels together, hand to forehead in salute. i ca11 just see Jtim. but if i_calt him. 111>w, if it's ll.llt that's yelf/11g for him to come save one of his own babies from drowning in t/11! plastic swimming pool, he says, "you get him out casey, i'm working 011 the tra11smission." the transmission! my God! momma, iin tl()t really bitter oranythi11g; i'm 1w1 lotally jealous of1ha1 gas-guzzling baby ofhis; ; jus1 /01·e him, tnQnuna ••• • • • • They really love me. They 0011'1 wa11t me to die. U11cle Sam j11S1 don't carry no weight with me. I c011'11uulersrand why tltis di.s1an1 relatio11, unknow11 kin, who I never seen before, should all a s1"1de1t turn up, just when he needs me, and ask me to up and die for him. When I got family andfrle11ds who loves me more1n him, who cares about bein' gold-placed in God-thick glory? Thb Uncle Sam ofmine is askin' 100 nwch. Besides, I love my cou.mry. She don't need any more murder on her record than she's already got. • • • ~mommv!" "ah,j11si a minwe. gail.--wlzat jimmy?" "mommy • ·)-est' "mommy, wlw ls Godr "God is love, jimmy. don't pull on monuny's skirt-·! mommy's on the telepho11e: let's not talk to mommy now, okay, jinuny? we ca11 talk about this later.-excuse me gait go ahead." "mommy, where is God?" "i11 htave11,ji1runy. now go play ouwde 011 your big wheel for a while." "mommy; how come God does11't come to the world a11d give people hugs sometimes, mommy?" "oh, gall! your kidding me. no! i k11ow you can't just suy that in a resraura11t.---i don't k11ow,1inu11y. jimmy! look at mommy wizen she's talking ro you now, i asked )'OU to go nwside, didn't i, young man?" • • • God is Love, love is God, God is love •. . • • • the h11ge11ess of the earth smothers them they are caug/11 ben11ee11 the growul and the infini1e ozone-bl~ b1a their love is deep and great mul hean-crescenooing. they are fighting and loving blindly, passionately (ca11 you see it?) look imo their love-shot eyes. just look • * • wlllll js tlie worrh of this love? they dje like • • • mes • • romeo and ju/fez never imended JhiI, i should have k11ow11 when i went to ba11le for you, dear, i should ltave k11own, • • * standing 11p in too-shon sluule eyes sweatiflg salt--the sky U>O blazing clean w cry • Yet oo they k1ww how whar when where why they go? screaming, Jitavillg blood to rouge the barre11 dust, • • so. shall i die for you, the11? shall i die for you? and kill a thousand because i love and serve one? one God, one Belief, one Way, one Cou111ry, one Mother, 011e Child, one Man. one Woman, One anw11g miflio11s? given time. i could team ro love them all. • • • i should have known, swinuning up from 1Jwse pools that how easily I could h/1\le drowned there. had you are your eyes, asked me 10 pick up a sword. a dagger, a bayonet, a machine guri, a bomb a11d prove my love co you·-· well. i should liave k11own, as you knew. didn't you, a/Id wisely showed me that somebody's blood could prove nobody's devotion and thlll w lo\·e t)fll! is to love all. is11't that what you mea111? looking into your eyes. i see tlU! reflection of the universe, don't i? oon't i? * • • one more time/or the time, J;e steps inside the frame, Md out again. and looks back ar d~ impressio11 he has left-· see tire image ofa yowig soldier , young sol· , young my mother lived i11 hiroslrirM. • • )'Oil· • • rlu.• men, the lleros. the womcm. die cowards, thtt cowbays, tiil' soldiers, a11d the priesL\, the rabbis, a11d the martyrs, the be11ei;oh111 dictarors, till! politicians, and sumebody'l dog and the childro1! Photo by Rob Mc5Sltk �Reflections On Growing Peace in Cultures by Mamie Muller The universe irself can be turbulent, tumultuous...so whatever peace is, it needs 10 acknowledge that dimension of re:ility. Binh and death and dying...:md composting..and change exist in the universe...so that, too. needs t0 be included in an imaging of peace. Female and male exist in cite uaiverse...other spt'cics exisr...the eanh itSelf wanants our anention...so peace, if it is possible. needs co acknowledge and honor all those relations. And dreams ...cx.ist in this universe ...and memory...and our interior psychcs ....nnd love...aml absence of love....Can peace ace-0mmodate the ranges of all th:it? When I stretch r.he boundaries of my mind and hean and each time- say "that, 100"...somehow peace stnys with me, and so I wonder as to ir.s nature and origin. As l d.:lve into my concep1/h1ngu:ige reservoir, the closest thing tlr.n l can say peace is---is "to be intcgro.1 with". Being integral with someone, something, some element... means that in some way I participate in a .rlwred existence witl1 I.hem and appreciation of that shared existence contains in it, for me, I.he possibility of shared pence. For peace, though, to be more than just a personal experience or an event between two entities, ii is essential 10 look to 1hc scale of the sodoc11lmral. h is here that our human stories unfold. Culture, 1 r.hink, is best thought of in its most hteral. biological scn~--as a medium in winch to grow something. such :lS bacteria. It seems that th<: tendency towards culture is i11here111 in our very make-up. I !ere we are...a spccies...h:wing grown in communily-fonns for hundreds of thousands of year.. That occurencc: was preceded by an even more ancient fom1ing or single-celled organisms imo mulu-cellcd ones. We seem to be truly crcnturcs of culture. Thomas Berry talks nbout trc111sge11etic mlwral coding, The passing on of "deep mformation" is an essential aspect of the function of any culture. Divcr.>ity among cultures can Ix: ~tounding---language, foods, color.;, designs. sounds, songs. in~trumc:ms, dances. ceremony, ::m:hitecture--but the: fl'arufcrc11ci: of i11fomw1icm---is a comrm)n tr3it Does, as Thom;1s suggesl'i, our cultural coding pasi. on infonn:11ion ...i11 as clt:111c111al a 11ay a.r c/1ro11u15omes do? Doe~ our consciousness have no active part to play in the process of evolution?'! Cm we in fac1 nunun: or crarl imentional cultures that cnfumcc our panicip:nion in the planct:iry prt>Cess? Thomas speaks or the universe as having a psychic dimension...from ib very inception. Not an ntlditivc nor an extra ingredient, it is rather. he insi~ts. an elcmcmal facet of our phy:.i..:al universe. So lei us say th:u the universe, from the beginning, ha:. been psychic 10 itself--through itself. Then, the question becomes: can hununs pltticipatc in this elemental dimension? Can human culture:; consciously allow for the recognition, utilization, and celebration of this full rcnlity?'! It is at this level that we begin im1uiring about thC' possibil11ies of peace. The univer:;e constJnt!y infonns itself. Can we luunm~t be 1nfo1111Cd? h :.cem) that one of the roles of an organic functional culture is to enhance 1hc indi\ id11als' ability t~) he.-u· rhc "infonn.11ion" of the univc.rse. Our relations amongst ourselves nre intimately interwoven in U1c fabric of the universe. Unless we explore and 11ckno~ledgc !he univcri-e in a// the dimensions in which 11 is preseming itself to us, we remain isolated and enelol>ed.. .in~'ap~blc of the exuberance required for ongoing "re!Juonship"...of any son, whether human-co-human or human-to-earth. Western culture's dcufness and myopia tO\\,ird~ thi:. "inlorm;uion" scern 10 h.we occum:J b<!cause of it:. limited recognition of the depth of 1he naturul world*.dcscribing 11 as nll!re landscape and inanimate treasure uove. The pos:.ibilily for communicauon... much less for communion has thus become practically impos:.ible. Yet ironically 1t is here whc~ a great deal of cultural healing mus1 take placc....1n the re:i..lm of hum:1n-eunh relations. Our p:;yches need t0 reconnect in a one-to-one correspondence with these deep psychic inl1uences of the universe and renew a sense of bondedness with the n:uuml world. The infomu1tlon or the universe reveals ltself 111 many \\ ay~ ... but ont of the sirnple)t, closest ways 1s to listen to one's homcplac.e--to 1hc c:nurc ecological life community in whi~h onc·s human community b immersed. "Bcmg integrJl with .. suggests 1hc need to pcrcdve a sense of the natural scale 01 things so that we can more appr<1priatcly and fully be able "to be integrJI w11h" all the varied levels. In 1enns or ecological sc.1lc, it seems that human culture can bci.t relate to the natur.tl world ar. the lc\'el of the regional scale. Going beyond the neighborhood or covc.. beyon<l the li:>cal ...one comes to the n:gionnl. It is here: lhnt Summ1:r, 1989 �one can notice whole ecosystems at v.ork (or :11 play). Watershed, geolo~ic:il form:mon, similarity in plant nnd unirnal spccles...all these 11.rC best comprehended nt the rcglon:tl level...\\ hich h3s us distincl though "soft" n:itur:tl boundaries. A region is wulknble, know:ible -.nnd in crnfting hulll:l11S)Stems10 interface \\ith the ecological systems, this as the sc:ile nt \\ hich 11 ts ntikcs the most sense 10 ..be integr:ll v. ith". Encouraging nccurntc, full pcrccpuon of reality is cntical in developing cuhural model111g ~ystems that will funcuon ru.lcqu:ucly. 11lc m:irk of a :.tiflmg culture, 11 seems, is one in whicl1 the range of sh:ued perceptions of reality remains quite restricted; one in which, for exnmplc, the many ranges of red arc referred to only as "red", thus ignoring the myriad hues of thlll family of color. A restrictive culture relegates drcamtime to the realm of the subordinate and gmnts nonexistence to ull bUl n mengcr spectrum of sounds and senses. An nlivc. functioning organic culture. on the other hand, nurtures individuals' facuhies of perception and encourages their scn~c of rootedness in a shared realiry--both in terms of the human :ind natural \\Odd. EncoUt3ging the development of :iccurate feedback mcch:inisms within I.he infrastruclurc of a culture is also essential. lf a culture does not 3llow for appropriate fcedb3ck, then 11 W:k of internal vibrancy occurs...promoting fossilization of thought P,:tttcms. activi1y, and environs. Spedfie nurufestations of culture such as archuecture, roodbuilding, commerce, food producuon, communications, b:lnking. govern~ e1c. become highly rigid and unduly reinforce the status quo. How can a culture allow for a sense of fluidity as well as solidi1y? llow C3l1 we come iogether in community-forms without domesticating ourselvei; to death .•.ns \\ell ns the planet? How c;in we, not just individually but in a socio-cultural sense, a~·knowledge the whole, rich, diverse range of the dep1hs of the naturJI world as well :is the human psyche? It seems the more in 1ouch we arc with our sense of bondedness to 1he wider Lifo conununity. the more access we have to resolving thc:.e questions. Exchange between humans onJ the nalural world t.ak~ pince nt evcrv level whether we acknowledge it or not. Our fuc:uhing in 1111d our breathing out ••. our intake of food nnd our rele:isc of wnstcs as \\ell ~ mnny other fimctions clc:irly icll us 1h:l1 we live In the pl:mct not on it and we arc a part ofthe dynnrruc process nOl apan from it. I low c:in we nurture the growth of cultures \\hose infrasuucturc designs acknowledge this in1mute ongoing exchange? Cultures usu:illy reflect 11 com:munny's sense of its human hentnge but u is esscnu:d thni they rcllcc1 a sense ofthctr ecological hcniage :is well. 11115 mtim: ey of hum:in CXISlCllCC Wlth lhc n:itUr.J.I world needs 10 be recognized not JUSt on the biolog1cal, chemical level bu1 on the psychic/l>pirltunl level us well Our very sense of personal nnd cultural idemi1y needs to incorpom1e 1he ccolog1cal l111ncnsion. Only \\hen we begin to undcr&iand and l'ncour.igc these "conditions" fur pcncc...cun we come closer to growin~ pe11cl! 111 c11lturcs... Summer, 1969 Some concepts to consider for growing peace in cultures... res~ct for dhe~ty ~UllC:llOO of SJ!CCICS llS w..11 a:s e.uemun:uJOa of ethiue peoples has become :i StVCtC thrc:u throughout lhc pl;inct. ID add1uon to etbic:al constderau~. bomoccnuy and d1m1msh~nt ol m:uufcsuuaos o( hfe llIC 21so blologlc:ally un,.1se. 1be lolth lllld ~bihty of rmy sy m wh.:tha hum;in Of ccologd. rest m a gcnumc rcsp:c1 lllld cclclKatmn or bhluc as u.ell cultural diverS1ty beyond dominanrr Mmy culturtS lll\e become c:nucn:bcd m:i • domiruon °'er" JWod J:m 11.' u C'.'ld.."ll:cd m term, of gender, rllCC. ctlum: hcn1Jgc, species lllld/Of cge. This dom1n1on pi)Sturc c::iuscs ph)'MC:&I, psychologlc:ll, sp1.ntu~1. cc-011omic: lllld cnvaronmcntnl ~ufflX':lllOO, A mocc babncc:ll. cqu1ubli: dyn:umC' mo.tel a n:qu1n:J 1n which mu1uality is 1hc b:is1~ r~1hcr than fol\'e Of co.:rccmcnL tuvp,rntion No longer does rul\lieJ 111d1v1du:ihsm or Da.rw11w111 compc11t1on pro-.Jc tm ulllm:UC mo.let fOI' suN1val. Cooper:.11on 1111d symbio11~ nrc now being recognized as csttr4i:il nspccts or our biologknl hcntasc. Coopc:3lion. CQ-C1.1si.cncc. and conlUcMcsoluuon need w be 01 the bc3r1 or :a "'br.uu culture. Vclucs iUCh u cmp:ithy and imporuncc ol ie:im"ork !so need w be rccbimcd. 11ppropri:ue 'cale Dimensions or sale occur l!uougbout lbe Jl:l1.Ur.ll 11.-orld Crom die microscopic to die lllXtOSIX>pic. Sak ~ :also 1111pon;u11 in terms ol hummJ 11ttavity. In f:ict. ii is an csscnlbl dcmcnt tn dcsl,nmg for qu:il1l)' ol we-.11;hc1bc.r an tmns or technology. c:cooomks, archi1cc1urc Of 1111y odlct l1lU Emplmlzing appropri.ale sc::ilc CDCOU1'3btl the shlfl rrom D bi&flly c:crunhzcd and bicrnrcluail mode IO one lh3.t IUPJIOIU clivcrsificntioo mid dccenlr.l.liution It also nud,cs us to rc-cv:Wi:uc the b:lsic :ugumcms ol ccntr.1h1.:111on such o~ ns110113l sccuri1y, cconom1e &t:ibahty tluoush coloni:llism, homogcncny anJ eullur:il supcr10111y. We begin to recognize the l!eW to oplorc hum:in 'c:ilc, \•illage·JJ:llk 1llld rcgion·sc:ile modcls. ao••crnancc All mhnb11:rn1~ <>f M communny h:ive nghL~ 11m.J nrc cnu1lc<l 1<1 panlc1p:11c 1n appropriule dccision·making lh31 concerns their \HI! lleint Governance. in particular, is directly uffctlCJ by sct1lc. We arc n:llcctcd by nruJ reflect our $WTOumhntt. II lhc boundario:.s 11re defined 1n IOO large 11 l!Qlc, 1hcn It Is d1ffirult for 1nh:lbi1.'.lll1S to ~nsc: thr.mselvo n.s a p:ut of and p:uucip:uang an 11 self.governing process lktcrnlm~ ~ scale: the level 111 v. h1ch dce1S10nS shooW be rn:Uk (commumty-lmcd. rcgton:ll), and the type ol pnxcss to be ~ {m:ipuy rule. conSCISLIS. etc:..) 11rc all pan of a culture's re trcttunng towtirds sclf-go~ = opportunlly for rlgbr lhelaaood All uihab UlnU entitled to the oppanumty for i«Unng food, $hella. jCqXl1diung thclt owa 11;'Cll being. clothing. et:. "''llioul ol thl:ir fellow mhab1lllllH Or that or l~ en• arorunem. Ernplmis oa co:nmun11y ~ cconomu::s c:m c:tlCQ<lilll!C this kind ol rcspocmblc dcsJin and ~lsion-nul:u...- Dc\'CloplRgllll CCOllOm) \tr4 I gJIJUS 1u dependence on the "anh cc<momy" allows fur pcn:cptlOll or rc:al cOStS. 11Us llllJUSU llJC l<b of progrc.u and dc•clcprmnl to encompass •be 11;cll being nr lhc CIUICC Life rommunuy. lhlll 1uillllnability The ccologial life 5)5tcms vmhill a region lltC p31t of lh: 11.-t:ict sclf·susuitihlg pbncWy system It as auc1Jl th:u ow hum:m sysums begm to rcf1a:t and support tbiJ sitstmmb•luy principle. \\c need to develop "'11)'S to ev;iluatc our hum3tl ICliVIUCS (qnculturc, forestry. ~th eve. tr.111q>0rl:lt1on. banhng. u.'21Cf use.. Clelgy use. cu:) an lh3t ~ We. In la=t. need to k:lm how 10 "rcillh:lbil" the boal!>CCgiOn m wludl we h\C, to accumcly lllldusund JtS ccol0£ical c:irr) 111g apxuy. and to design l01ro"lltds rcgion:il suffi 11.!llCy. inlrrdcpt"ndrncc Acknowledgement ot 1ntcrdcpcndcnt'C entoulllges the bioccntnc dc5ign of hum:m sysians. nus 1ccoJ:nh1on nl~o allows for a creative :iwro:ich 10 n.:s1hcuc nnd £unc1101JJI uspccis a.> wcll. i;uch ns opumurn cap~c11y for rc.~ancc and cnh:lncc:mcn101 st1troundinv, mcorporauon oC 11. md, w.:itcr, .sunlight 1n de~tgn: CORS11.kn.H10R of gcogtaphfcal/Sp;IU:ll rtxcmcnt: Dlld llcs1gning with illtcr.spccics communion In mmd. lmpOrllnCf uf rccdbotklre~poos" circuits A 10 receive infonnauon lllld cullure needs 10 be :ible respond to 11_.through reflccuon, cvllluauoa. 11nd pou:ruill! lld;ipt3U00 or ch:mgc. CIC. Prcscnlly. u o~s lh:ll COlllempallt)' cultures do not 113\'C lldcqu:i:e response CtrCUllS bw1t m. Far ~. cuhur:ll dqlcndencc Oil the DUtomOblle JCSUllS in anordinalc consmnptJoo or bumm ll me and fossil Cuc.I. Yet. bccmlsc of 1111 cntrtllChtd u:insporution industry th:u is rcinforctd by p"Cl'lllncn1 m 11;'Cfl 11S pnvau: indastry. crcah-e options ror eulwnl rcconstclbuon arc not lldcqu:ucly supponed...sucb 11J cL'Slgnlng urban vilbges wt= u.ukpbce ll1ld bolncpbcc tile nc:ucr to cXh other, prodllciog cnvironmcnta:lly Slb12lll;lble \'Cllicles. etc. meaM ror transrcrcoc" or illfonaatlon All culwrts have ways for the passing oa ol infonn:uion and wisdom rrom gtOC1111J011 IO gcnc:rauon. The xcumulatcd opericncc or o eullUIC am be siurcd Uirough suirytelling. an, llC'lldemics, child-rearing, education, ~. It is impllfWll 11> OJ1Jll'C:Cl3LC and parUclp:iLC in the craf'ung of this orpnlc ronn Of "i.torl1l:C lilld rctncval". :!»lCrtdntY or ur~ The Dddrcss or 1he tbu De No Snu Nee N:111on 111 the UN Conference of Non-g1wcllllllCnul Orgunlrntions m Geneva 111 1977 voices ttus concept n~ eloquently: '"The origmal 1nstJUaaon1 dilCCt lh3l \\C .i.ho ,.1111: 11bou1 on the E:ulh arc IO apn:.ss a grC3t respect. rm nfk.cuon. ll!ld a grauiudc toward all lhc spmts v.1rich Crute 11114 support life-Our roocs 11n: d«p Ill I.he btidJ 11;'hae 'll'C hYC.-The soil 1s rich from Che bono of thousmJs ot our gcncn1lQnS. E:i::h or 11S 'll'CfC crated 111 1hoic l:uu1s and ii u our dU1y to u1.c grm c.c ol them We wtik nbou1 11.ilb a pCl1l respect. for the f.:rth Is 1 '":tY SXtCd plxe." Eadl cuhurc can help 1his srnsc ol the~ of W'c 11ourisb bolh Oii lhc ~ _, ,.'Cll as euliunl level. crlrbrali!ltl Dnd renectioD Culnuc Hau lijJCCttS' medium sh.lrcd ~ ~wen llS shmd actlcr:lncc. I tlOCll. n:ltural cckbr.1lioD as v.-cll as c:ultwal mod:s of rdlcaion cnh:m:c our cupxtl)' commU!UOll v.1111 the rcsa of the unhcrse-aot jtlS1 on lhc pcrsoo;il ~I bul on t.'ic mnmumty-widc level. Comcaous rct ruuon n::d llrprccllllion of llll1113t!/caltur:ll as \llCll lll coolotial hc11mgc."both "3SarW and h1Uor~I .JS II rorm Of ckmentnl nourishment Ulllt c:m only come m 1 Slwcd ror ror form. -Mamie Muller �The Chalice and the Blade Tht wor.t of Muri1a GimbUJas (The Gods and Goddtssts of Old Europt, 1000 to 3500 BC: Myths, Ltgtnds and Cult /mag1t), Mt:rlin Stone (AnciMI Mirrors of 1Yomanh11od) and others haw! pionurtd tk uplora1ion ofour species' trut: cultural origw. Now with tk publicalion of The Clullce anti lhe Blntlc ( 1988), t~ tvitk11ct of this research along with Eisfcr's f4peful inttrprttmions Is[Ultllly r'ttzeliing brQOder rtaduship such that Ashley Montagu calls it "the IMSt impottant book sinct Darwin's Origin of Specit.r". llrre are two rtsf)OllSts to its t:iJllltlll. Emoft.e B'r<lCZ: Tlte Chalice a11d rite Blade confirms my long-held belief that ''once-upon-a-time" there were peaceful societies (partnerships) in existence on this planet. This gives me hope that we can muddle our way into a personal and global peaceful coexistence. After two readings of the book, the following points su>0d out: •Tue scientific and 1eehnologicnl advanccmcn[S of this century have allowed us IO ~amine nnd re.evalU11te e.arlia a.rchcotogical findings. The initrdisciplin:uy upprooch or t.ntcrprctlng "finds". lhe bte:ikthlO\lgh in es.rbon-14 d:ltlng, and \he dendrochronological dating method yield a diffetCtJl body or work and data on out histOry. ••conqu~1· of noturc h:is no1 always been the prime mover of Out species. • PoJytheislic religious life does not equal anti-christinn ccvility. •Art is a form of symbolu; communkmlon, and much depend.~ on who is interpreting the symbols. •The "might mllkes right" philosaphy is 1111 abbenu.ion. ..not the nonn. • tntultivc knowledge ls a part or the sciences. • "That's hisiory..• 1nd lluu's a fac1· is nn unncccpiable answer to quesliOllS asked. "The domuwor (JX!triltehal) mode or socw order is 111opproprinle nnd dangerous tO our further e11olvcmcnL. edSICOcc and fulW'C, Riane Eisler believes that we are presently al a crossroads. We can continue as we are...and it is inevilable that we will destroy ourselves...or we can try to emulate and rebuild the peaceful societies which did exist. After reading Tile CIUJ/ice and the Blade. I was convinced that peace is possible. The number of role models for us to identify with has been widened immeasurably by this book, There can be a choice for pence and equality even within the confines of our civiliuition. History goes in cycles, und unlike what we've learned in school, it is never a fiJCcd point. It is forever changing, evolving. It is our responsibility and challenge to investigate, to question, and to look at presented ''facts" with an unquenchable thirst nnd unending enthusiasm. I would like to share with you some of the books. in addition to The Gita/ice and rite Blade that have made me yearn for and ponder the idea of peace: General Readers hi p: Think on These Things by J. Krlshnamurti: Too of Ltodarslup by J Header; Grt!ui Politics by C. Sprcm:ik; Grun Alternative by 8. Tab:: Going Out of Our M111ds by S. Johnson: IOOth Monhy by K. Keyes; Johnny Got lfis (iun by D. Trumbo: Da1:u of Angtr by H. Lance: Peace Pilgrim by A. Pilgrim: St:t!1fs of Pt:ou II)' J. L:irson; Gandhi on Ptaet by M. Gn111lh1; Jlov.· Can Ont Sell th( Air. Edit.:d: Chop Wood. Corry \\'attr by R. F'aclds. Chi ldren 's Books: W.tlwm Wants A Dolf by C. Zolo1011: Friend.r by H.Hcmc; Quarter-Note Cow Pou byJ. Poucr. Mrnou by H. Bmgham: Chu:ktn Stew by K. Kasla: Kuper.I oft~ Earth by M. Cuduto; Tru II Niu by J. Urdy; lJ-.< B.imb and tht General by U. Eco: BuJll!T Boule Dool. by Dr. Seuss. Emou B'rar:. an a'td reada t1nd sr.J10lar. 1s the ot<na of frf.Jfuprop'.J Boo*stor~ and Cofi ill AJMvillt. NC. Si:t 011gina1td tlu! suhutft "A11othtT STt111/I Bus111t.fS for Pcau# tmd uwitl!s otkr smafl b1131nes1: ow11as to 11•1n kr 1111tS111g iI on clttir logos and ad•·~rflSt'mtlllS. tt.Uo Clu thr i.e: The Chali ce and The Blade was given to me by a woman-friend juSt after this past Winter Solstice, and it has llad a profound effect on me. Scrangely enough, it had b<:cn shown to me several months before, but I was not aurncted to it. l think when I saw it the first time I thought it was another mytho-psychological analysis of "feminine" versus "masculine" values. I was in a spa.cc of trying to explore my own sense of a ne\li masculine ethos and I didn't want to read what I thought would be a book on women's archetypes or psychological explorations. I needed a more grounded sense of what 11 means to be human n.t this time in history. When I finally opened up the book, and actWllly began to rc~d it, I couldn't put it down. Instead of being t.he psychological or mystical volume I expected, I found a remarkable CJCploration or "our history, our future." as ii says on the cover. Riane Eisler has taken a look at the entire sweep of human cuhurnJ evolution from a new perspective. that of t.he pannersbip, or "gylanuc" viewpoinL Her central thesis is that all the bases of human culture, arts. and civilizntion were developed at a time in which women and men were both respected, in which sexuality was free, and where the technology was of nurturance, not destruction. This is, in shon, the lost "golden age" of myth and legend. It really happened! I Our dr~ms of 1he future have their firm b:isis in a past which has been denied to us because of :indrocratic m1sinterpre1ation of both human nature and the archaeologicfil record. For example, we carry with us the image of early "man" holding a club with which to hit something over the head and kill it; in actuality the fin;t technological invention was probably ll vessel of some kind, either for ga1henni vegel!lble foodstuffs or for cradling children. These were. of course, invented by early women. The implication!> of tJ1is viewpoint are ~taggcnng: this book is justly receiving gre:u acclaim from a wide range of ~ources. The concept of n lost · m:m1archal golden age" is central to 1he more spiritual trends in feminist thought, and i!> a heartfelt belief Summ..:r, 1989 �or wish of modem 01anic neo-p:igans. In fact, Feminist Spirituality is frequently criticized by more materUlist viewpoints for not being grounded in an historical rcal11y. Tltt! Chaliu ar.d tht! B~adt! J?UlS t~e lie to these doubt~ about the vnlidity or Feminist Spintu:ihty by scrupulously an:ilyzing the historic:ll and an:h:ieolog1cal record to suppon its premise A lot of emphasis is placed 1n the book on the imponance or Cretan or Minoan Civilization to the development or Western culture, This highly technologically advanced civilization, which ":is at its height about a thousand years before Class1c:ll Greece (ca. 1400 B.C.E.), honored both women and men equally. was nol3bly non-warlike. and "orsh1pped the Great Goddess. Who has not marvelled at pictures of the bull·leapers, the Snake·Goddess statues, or the dclic:ue painung or lilies and dolphins which adorned the walls of the grc:it J13lace at Knossos'? And let\ not forget the Labrys. or double-axe which is today a prominent iron of Lesbian/Amazon cuhure. 'fbe origin of this symbol b m the Goddess· religion of Crete, The Clzaltee and tlit! Blade ts an inell.pcnsive volume, published by Harper nnd Row. It h llVilllable in your local, regular bookstore (if it's not sold out), or m the library. Since it's inexpensive, it doesn't have glossy color photos of the Minoan art treasures mentioned in the text. I found it useful to have a couple of an or nn.:hacological books by my ~idc 10 be able: to :.1~e lhe wonderful scenes of young Mino:in men with flowers in 1heir h:mds, of priestesses performing the rites of the Gre~ll GodJess. My dreams have not been the sanu: since!! Another imporum1 fe:11urc of I he Chaliu and the Blade is its e:\plorntion of the ":.tuntcd morality" (>f b1bhcal law in reg:ird to \\'Omen. Quoung Eisler: ~we have been taught ttul the Judeo·Christian trndnion is the greatest mornl ndvnnce of our species. The Bible is indeo.I primarily concerned .,.. ith what is right and \\tong. But what is right and wrong in a dommator society is not the same as what 1s right and wrong in a pannership society. There nre...many teachings in both Judaism and Christinnity suitable for a panner!>hip sy:.tem of human relations. But to the extent that 11 reflec1s a dominator society. biblical morality is at best stunted. At worst, it is a pseudo-morality in which the will of God is a device for covering up cruelty and barb.1ri1y." When I learned ancient hhtory in gmde school. the assumption was that law and moraJ11y began with the code or Hammlll1lbi or the Mosaic Laws. ln reality, these dominator law codes were set up after the overthrow of legal and moral systems which valued all human life, female and male. and which governed peaceful, not warlile, wcieties. ln addition, the classical Greek ideas of libcny and democracy (for free men only) were but watered·down versions of the earlier tr.1ditions which had their origins in pre-androcrauc societies such as Minoan Crete. In fact, Pythngonis and Socrnte~ were pupils of women Thcmistoclcn and Diotema, respectively. Much of myth, classical, Biblical, and othcrwi~. rccounis how the Goddess was ovenhrown, r.ipcd and murdered. These myths developed as justifications for the continued dominator/;indrocratic rule following the dcsll\ICtion of the earlier pea~ful, agricultural societies by wnrhke. pastor.ii peoples from the more margmal area:; or Eurasia. Riane Easler also recounls how the partnership or gylanic mode of society has periodically resurfaced, only to be suppressed again. Some or the teachings of Jcsu~ reflect a loving vision of peace and hannony; the later church fathers supplanted this with 3 warlike and hierarchical "Christianity." 1·hc very word "hierarchy" W3S coined to describe the organiution or the c:irly church. The word "gylany" or "gylanic" has been formed by Riane Eisler to describe the type of society which flourished in ancient times and toward \\hich v.e must move today if our species is to survive; it is a combination of "gy." denvcd from the Greek root word gyne, meaning woman, and "an." from andros, or lll3II. The letter ·1· between the l\\O is for linkin&. and is derived from the Greek lytln or Iyo. This verb has a double meaning: to resolve (as in analysis) or to dissolve or set free (as in cul3.lysis). This word and its origin sum:. up the m:un thesis of the book: that how a society organizes the relation~ between the two hnlves of humaniry (men and women) hn~ a profound effect upon all its ins1i1utions and vnlues; and the direction of its cultural evolution, pllrticulnrly whether it will be peaceful or warlike. tmmer, 1989 Needless to say, in a technological era where the "bl:ide" is a thennonuclcar bomb or a nerve gas canister instead of a S\\iord or slingshot, this is a matter of the very survival of our species. While The Chalice and rite Blade focuses m:iinly on the w3ys rcl:uions between \\Omen and men are constructed a~ a gauge of how totalitarian or warhke a society is. there are abundant references to way:. in which men, particularly "sensiuve" or "effeminate" men arc oppressed by androcr:lcy. As we know. and as Eisler points out, these warlike and t0tali1arian wcietie~ (H111c:r's Germany, Khomeini's lran, etc.) arc the most opprc:.sive 10 women and to peaceful tendencies in men or 10 :>pintual m1nori1i~ (Jew , B:iha'is. etc.). • Iow a society organizes the relations bcl\\CCn the two halves of humanity (men and women) has a profound effect upon all its ins1i1u1ions and values, and the direction of its cultural evolution, particularly whether i1 will be peaceful or warlike. ln regard to the issue of maleness and warlike values, nerc 1s Easler· viewpoint: "For 1mllcnia men have fought wars and lhe 8l:1de has been a male symbol Bul this does not mc:in men arc inevnably violent Md w:irhkc. Throughout rcconlcd hif.tory then: have bcc:n peaceful and non-violent men. Moreover, obviously there were both men and women in !he prehisiorico.1 societies v.herc the po\\ er to give and nunurc, v.hich the Olnlicc symbolh:C! , was supreme. The underlying problem is not men o.s a sex. The root of the problem lies 1n a social system in v.hich the power of the Blade 1s idealized - in \\hich men nnd women D.1'C taught to equate true lll3sculinity with violence and dominance and to see men who do not confonn to this ideal as 'too soft' or 'effeminate'." It IS apparent thllt the vision or I gyJanic SOCU:ty is thal of crcauvc dynamic interpersonal relations \\rit large: the vision of gentle loving \\Omen and men living in harmony \l.ith nature 1s \\hat \\e offer for the reemergence of the future partnership society which must be the p:ith of humanuy's future. The basis of any society and culture h the way one person relates to another. This is true for woman to woman, man to man or mlln/~oman relationship:.. Now i~ the time for us co carry our vision forth mto the new world which is being crcrued by all the human vi:oionarie!> nnd poets who sense the turning of the cosmic wheel. The human species is obviously facing a crucial period in history: either we will full b:ick into a kind of androcratic tcchnofascism in which women will be slaves. free sexuality will be suppressed, and the organisms of the planet will choke on human filth or be incinerated/radiated in a nuclear holocaust; or v;e will somehow develop :a new culture which values nunurance, h:is respect for life and hum!lnlly in all its variety :md sc:icual flowenng, and rinds ways to meet its material needs without ciitinguishing other species and tenninaJly fouhng it nest. Khomeini and the Morul Majority understand how Feminism. civil rights. free SCltunlity. ecology. and peace nrc linkcJ, and they oppose them all with a vengc.ncc; we who reali7.C how these values are pan of our vbion and hold the key to our ~urvival must continue co become \\hat we want in the world and create the myths in our laves which will be the stories for our people to live by. The Cho.lice and rlie Blade has given me hope. In this time of rc-<lcdic1uion to the principles wh1ch l have cherished in my heart for years. this book has mengthcned my "·ision and nllowed me co feel pan of a past and a future or joyous. loving, harmonious women and men, liv1ng in deep commimion \\ith the Ennh and iis creatures. Wbo could ask for more'?'? M1hJ Gwlvu: u a co-/oWllkr of 11il ClllnNrl.JNi Grtt11 ColAl!Cil aJlJ a/rt~111 con111bMtor to its publicat1on g1«nhgh1 Prcst111ly. lw spuids hls 111r11 both in DMrham NC and NOJhv1//t, JN whtft /ormaliz1n1 his 1ra1111ng 111 bctanical stiul1es. This revi~ 1.f rtpr111ttdfrom grccnlighL �Lhcm: conscrva1.1on: improving and rtp:tirmg Lhe city/cowuy d4uibution system; and coop:nwng with the towns oi Woodfin and WcavcrvtlJc 111 developing the Big Ivy River v.'aler supply. ALAR • A • LA MODE' poUutanis. These regubtlons wtll be dlscusscd 8l public hearillgs on August 4 m Rllle1gh Md Augu.st 9 in Owlott.c. Chemical mduStrics were the l:lrgcst &OW'CC of polluwus. Olhcr lasge cooLObutors we.re furniture, tcllule. pbsucs and rubber, p1per. nnd prmlln& and N..unl World Ne•1 ~ace publishing industries. C:.,111wba and fors)th counties were the wont Even as Federal health officials tty to calm growing concerns about aJar sprayed :apples, Ilic En · lronmcmlll ProlCCl.ion Agency d«idcd to Ill lcw t.empomnly remove Abt from 1 h$t or acccpublc chcmk:al sprays.; During a sub<ommauce hearutg on the Al:ir-m. Scru!tor John Wamcr of Vqmia Wied Prwdens Bush, • to cxcrc:asc some cri~iJ control" to PfOLCcl lhc apple indusuy dependent on Abt spraying. while other sen310ts suu.ed thcu ()\\.Tl hes11.ancy IO fccJ their children Haywood C:OWU) wu next, and was the only westertn county to cxccod 2 million pounds, th3nks mostly to the Champion Paper mill ""hicb reported rclC4Sing 3.S million pounds of tolic air pollution, mcludmg 810,000 lbs of the carcinogen chloroform, 660.000 lbs or hydrochloric acid, ll!ld 66.000 lbs of sulfuric acid whach conttibut.cs 10 :.cid rain. D:iyco reponcd 1.7 million tons. Figures for other Western counties ase: Ru1bctfonl - I IO 2 milljoo lbs.. Primary so~ - Reeves Brothers, l.S million lbs. and Broylull Furniture lnd~Lties. Transylv111u.11 • 500,000 to I million lbs. Primary source - Ecusta divisiron of P.H. Gl3dfcltcr. Buncombe - S00.000 to I million lbs. Primary sources • Chnsc Packaging, 270.000 lbs; Chcnuronic~ (Jct Research Center), 263,000 lb$: Andre11 lndus111es. 110,000 lbs or tcLtacbloroethylcnc, a carcinogen. Mitchell " S00.000 t0 I million lbs. Primary sourccHcnredon Furniture lnduSl!ies, 600,000 lbs. Burke S00,000 IO I million. Hcndc™>n - 250.000 10 apple products. CHAINSAW BANDIT STILL AT LARGE Nat.uni Wockl Newt Servico As of lhLS rcporung, Beech Mounuin Town Police and the Avery County Sherirrs Oc:p:inmcnt still have no wspccis in tl1c ~11uct1on or lhrc:c b1llboan1s. TOO signs we.re allegedly toppled by a chain-saw on Wcdllcsday, r.tiy 17. Appal\:lltly, lllCIC was some public SUpporl ror thl~ 3Cltion.... l~e pa.id odvcrtise~nt, llunking Ille Wlkoown pcrpcuntor. appeared an a local pgpc:t soon a!W. ll tC1Cmr as if 111311)' n:sidenls were llJl1ICl wilh the "•sual pollution c:cale4 by the b1llboords. and I.bey wished to COQ>lil'QllC people to frequent only those rnctCh:inis who do noc use b1llbootd.s. IL is believed th.1t the absen.:e or 111mcit:m legal tcguWion concarung billhollnb drove lhlS 1nd1..idual IO tcek ~ oulSidc of thc law ro lddreiS a c:ammunuy concem. FORCES OF NATURE Naunl WOl'ld Ncwa Scnlu On April 6 we were all rcrn1nalcd or the inoltOtllblc atnCtion or gravity. This point was espcclllly brought home 10 three ttookcrs on l_.O near the Tcnnc.ssce SIALC line v.llo r«ea"ed l'lllhct lur11c bouldct applicauon~ 10 the side or their llllCtOMrnJIClli u huge rock slabs ri]!pCd o/T from the su:cp wall of rock Fonunrucly, no one was h1111. A retaining wall mode a vnln attcmpt to Slop lhc slide, but was~ crushed. The rock~idc clO!iCd lhe two westbound lallC$ roe su ~as an cstim111Cd IS,000 to 20,000 cubic yanls or d111 and rock had io be movod; dyn.wit.e c:hlllgC$ were 5Ct to dislodge uruubk! 11111LCriol; and steel mc..'h nets were wung on cables between rock bolts set m the chff r11ec.. Every lime U'\IC.k 11ec1dcn11 hliic 1'11~ h;.ippen. 11 ~minds us: 11 c:ouJJ ha•e been nukes! SEWAGE WITH YOuR SUPPER? Nall.nl Worll N Sa>ioc. In Alhcvalfe. No1tl1 Carohllll •octn dttc.iued by 1 1..m-to-onc m:irgm a bcm1' muc lh;it v.ould ll3•e h:ld them drinkma 11".c w:iiu of the French Broad Raver. Supporters of the bond ruuc Cb!llltd WI the French Bro:id 11o :ii.ct 11 .ufo, but opponcn11 ll01Cd ih:n the rc;tl l>S:la WllS that n:ssd.:nts "''CfC nol ready ID dnn\; poll~ hvtf"'1lla IO lh:u bus 11CD proplc !Ind dc'-elQpcri coul'1 CXINI\ I profi OP Wllllll cd llfOV. II U~m from A vii looau th pbn , II pos.s 5 fund hclp "'"'""--""•ill.~ Thea ... dlC othct ~able meet ~ 11tc;1 • w11 r n ~tu1~1 Journ"L pC•(I 22. rTll1I \ \1lltiblc IJ) Ill lbc fuwrc among School disuicu from New Yori.: lo Los Angeles LO Miami ha"e sioppcd serving AIAMaintcd apples in their cafeteri:ls. Alar h:is fOI' )'C4rS bcc:n linked to aincc.r in 11nillllll LCSLS, but recently when o report by the Nuturul Resources Defense Council recc1"cd n lot or :itll:mion, public opinion pushed tbc EPA mto nct1on. The company which mtlkes Alar cont111ues IO msbt the product is snfe and has plans to shin their market to owside the us. 500,000 lbs. CONSERVATION COUNCIL OF NORTH CAROLINA PROMOTES PESTICIDE LEGISLATION NaNRI World Ne"'• S..lYk:e Myo11c 1111ereswJ can ob1a111acopyof1hl' rtpc >rtfor $20 from t~ North Caro/ilia Envirollh:tlllal Dtftnst Fwul clo StepMn L(llitus: 128 llargtll St . Raleigh. NC 27(J()J. NEW RIVER SCENIC DESIGNATION IN JEOPARDY The Conservation Council or Noni! Carolin:a has joined forces with Lhe Agrac:ultur3J Ra:soun:es Cenier/PESTcd to publish I pcsttctdc -ic:nda for 19S9. Some of the bills they arc promoting in the NC Legislature are HB-389 ""hach would increase the atri:il application buffer which 1s cum:ntly only one hundred Uodu the state-federal pLln of 1976 which declared 26.S atilcs of the New River a Scenic: foci (1'11111111 OCC'41•ed bwk11ng, and S8·274 whk.h wuulJ require all pcs1icidc applicators to J>O$l notice of thcu Waa.crw11y, Nonh CAtolina wiu to 11cqui1c; i>C<lnn; e:tsemenis «land along Ille nvcr. Howcvct. since 1976 activities. For furlhcr information conL:lct Nonc:y Barnhardt, Legisbuve Agent, Pcsllc1dc Project of lhc COll3ervatJon Council or NC, Ch~pcl Ifill. (919) 942-8991. "STATE OF THE AIR" REPORT Natuml Wotld New' Sa-vice Last year. ror the first time. more than 800 North Carolina 1ndus111cs were required to file with tho s1111e rcpons on releases of the 328 cbcnucah mdiC41cd m the 1986 fcdcml "right-«>~know" SWtUIC:;. The NC Envi.ronmentlll Dclcn~ Fund ( NCEDF), compiled Lhcsc: reports and found th~t. <tatcwadc. indusUlcs emutcd nearly 100 ma Ilion pounds of lhclit air polluunts. 12.7 million or which arc Cllrt1nogcll$. According lo the NCEDF, these cm1WO<U arc cnurcly legal, and therein hes a probkm. "Touc au polluuon an l'onh Carolina is aJrncm tolollly unrc11ul.'l1Cd." according IO NCEOF dltl!ClOr S~vcn J. U..1ta,, 1andl unlcs§ we dose the skic.s io polJw.c:l'l, lilt cnu-;.siODJ wdl n:rnui the e:isiest way for Noctl1 Ouolma 1nduwic:s 10 get rad or ll:at.:irOOus w.wc." Nawn! World News Sez\.icc only 33 acres or scenic cascmenLS have been ~wrcd by lhc s:wc. In the s:imc umc period the number of priYDte lwldowncrs on the river h3.s jumped 300%. anJ iowns of Jcrterson and Wcs1 Jefferson, NC are currently considering opening a one million gallon per day v.ucr Lreattncnt plant which would utilize lhc river LO dispose of IJ'elUOd discharge. Nllkcd Creclc. a Lribur.:uy of the New River and a disch!lrge sllc for treated water, "wns named :is n •toxic: hot spot' an 1111 EPA repon just rele:i.~ by lhc Oivi~ion or Environmcn1.11I Manngc.mcnt,• according lo Jonct Hoyle or the Blue Ridge Envaronmcn111I Defense l..caauc (BREDL). Ms. Hoyle fears that, though the move unprecedented. Congl'CSS could revolcc lhc design;won ot S<:cnic Rivet. •sCC3U111 lhe \ollu.:s for which (Lhe nvcrl wa.~ protected arc not being prcserved,. .. wc fear WICOntrollcd dcvdopmcru tluc:liens the dcsilJl.ltion". In resJ!Qnsc to this threat. Rep. Judy Hunt (0-Walilugl) has mt.roduccd legisl:ation IO speed 11p Ilic aqumuon of c~scments ami began in ~nest lhc tmplcmcnwtJun of the scc11.1c nvcr pbn drawn up for die l, New )'l:O.ll'S a.go. The measure~ nx:c.-cd house approval, and a·.. 1uu 11e11on 1n the Senate Envuonmenul Comnuuce. In :a pMSibly re.bled m31tct, SCllOl.IC Bill 119!\ lhc N:nural Hm~ Wll!Ct bill 1nll0dllffil by Scn:uor MIUC Blilllghl 11ofll 1ncn::isc the e.\CISC Slllmll l:l\ from Sl.()()/1000.00 tO $2.00 pct $1000 00 Under lhe new bill, COU lleS would rceei•-c S0.50 of a:h doll:ir of Ul me.om- SO.ZS WO'Jld go tO 11.':llU nnd .rcwcr do\'dapmcnt wh ' 11noL'r.:r SO 25 would go io tic: Rec~uon lllld Nat I He c Tr Fund to buy !And for g.un.bnJ f and p.uks. 1111 b II tn rt Cl lCtl S2.S mubun doll.in per )C 10 l1C d lor land aqui uum Flori , S .:!h CarollnA Summer, 1989 �Tennessee :ind Maryland :uc altcody succcsi.fully using 1l11s 1cchn1quc for preserving 1hcir nalurJI an:a.~. IfNC rtsllitllJS urr 1nltrts1td in wntawng their Stnat(Jrl rtgarding this bill, the addresJ ts: Lrgtslu11~t Building, Raf~1gh 2761 I Phone; 733-11 JI Fot r1wri! tnforfniltiOll call Jim Stt•ens (9191782-2686 or Btll Jlof""m· (919)7.Sj.J)Zi} Tt: TRANSPORTATJON I MPROVEMENT PLAN? maHers PUBLIC SERVANTS IGNORE PUBLIC Nirural Wotld Newt Scrvic11 Residcnis or Buncombe County were ou11agcd 10 discover that a suue highwoy improvement., p;ickagc included a plan for a four lane loop to run through SwannanO.'.I, lhrough Recms Creek and Ox Creek Valleys, to lhe Enka-Candler aren. Trnnsporiauon Secre13ry James Harrington said in a leuer 1.ha1 a loop around Asheville would be needed IO lmndle the mcrenscd 1n1mc from nn upgraded US 19-23. John Hill.11 resident of Ox Creek Vlllley. voiced lhcdcepconccm or oVCT 100 people who attended a planning meeting about the issue: No one asked [u:;J, or 1he people in Mudison County, wbclhcr we wnnlCd lhcir lives changed forever, or hcuvy lrucking brough1 in from the Ohio Valley, or 1f we w.inlCd rapid dcvclQpment as in lhc urblln 31'.cas.• The public feeling is that sUJtc officials could ~vc trouble and cmbanassmenl if lhcy would consult wilh locnJ rcsidcnLS befotc uying 1 force 1hrough new 0 1~ for developmea1. Natunl World News Scrvacc On April 3rd lhc state Utilities Commissmn ruled thar Duke Power Co. cnn go ahead wu.h plans for a transmission line through lhc bc:lutiful Pru11hert0wn Vnllcy in Jackson County. lhus dissolving a Scpicmbcr 1988 reslr.lining order, and ending a hard-foughl balllc by lhe Jocasee Watershed Coalition. lhc WNC Allinnce, ond the Conscrvnuon Council of North Carollnn. Thc~c groups fonnnUy prolcsltd lhe roulC lilSt year, s:iymg thal Dulc hnd not eumincd altcmativcs LO their planned route lhrough die "Yosem11e of the E.c.1", und Lhnt a proposed offer from the Tenncsse Valley Au1homy might be the:ipcr nod elunina1e lhe need for lhc tin~ Hun1cr Lovin~. co·foundcr or Ilic Rocky Sununer. 1989 own llands BeflCll Mountain We co no• wea~ l:i< 1t11ery resioen1 uomeowrl!!• or 111s1tor 10 Beech Mouniaon. however a grOWtng numoer 01 ~ .vould l1•e to 111ank you tor aoklg ,•,hal we llavP .van1eo 10 co ro1 some time bul door t ha~ 1110 nel"e You have macie our moun1a1n a more 1Jeau111u1 r.1 .. ~" '£> u.. t. vL1•1 HQO<lh;lly oaver:•sers will nave lll(lre 1cmkc' I - u oeau!ilul mo..in1ain" 11 t" .. lulure & \\ II 001 POLI.DTE th~ " 1" btl'tlOlilOS DELP STOP BILLBOARD BLIGHT Frequent only merchants who DO NOT use billboards Mounuin Institute with her husbnnd Amory, ~'Uggestcd a conference held lllst fall al Warren Wilson College t.h:i1 lhere was no need for adJitional energy cnpacily lllld lhn1 all encrllY n«Wi could be met by practicing least-cost planning and cfhc1cncy improvements which would acwally increase the profiis of the power comp:uues without incurring lhC S36 m1lhon pnce Lag of lhc line, wltich will surely be passed on to consumers. The Commission disngrc.:d wilh this :1SSC5Slllcn1. saying ·11tc evidcoce clearly ~hows that Duke c:ucfully and diligenlly planned !his projccl by examining a wi\lc :irea of Western North Carolinn, n:irrowing the poi;s1blc route nli.cmati\'CS, lllld sclccung J rou1c which m1rum1ud 1hc impact on the en11ironmen1 and cus1ing dcvelopmcni". The Commilision decreed lha1 allcm:ile roulCS suggesltd by lhe cnvironmenw.I groups were too long and 100 c.itpcnsivc. They nlso d1smi!iscd the TV A proposal, elaammg lha1 lhc TV A did not prcscn1 a pe.rsua.'ilvc :irgumen1 that its proposed rotes for Naniahala customers would be lower fl13n Duke's. A bill has been introduced 1n10 lhc NC Ocnet:ll Assembly by Rep. ~1arie Colton (D-Buncombe) which would give lhc Commission authority to review power line siung plnns. 01 SAYING "NO! " TO THE DUMP Niawrat World Ne'Nj Sav"'~ 0 CUTIING A LINE you for t~~ ino arid e 1rnma:an9 tl".e I>• !boards on Natunl World News Scrvk< Thci SS.6 billion Transporboon Improvement Plan (TIP) being heavily pushed by Govenor Jim Manin iOIS II leystone of bis "good rQ.ad$ for progress• Slll!C 1m11gc, passed 1he House of Rcpresenuuvcs. and is upec1ed 10 p:iss lbrough lhe Scruue wi1hout effcclivc oppos1lllln. The Bill culls for a massive road-building progr.lm Wilh the CVl!lltlUll goal Of bringing 0 rruuor four l:ine road "within ten miles of llny North Carohn:i n:sidcnl.• nod paving many or ttic din roads. A fow represcnt111ivcs hnvc e.xpr~d concern bccuuSj: 1he bill IGClcs lln)' mention of mnss 1rw1Sil ns n means of ll'!illsportauon unprovemcm, and lhc lawmakers may :111cmp1 t.0 block p:issage unul su!:h wording can be included Proponcois of TIP sny 11 is 100 ln1c for an~ StK:h coosidcruuon :llld l'1osc concerned should have r.uscd their objcc:tilons long ago, allCmplJng IO change lhc bill now could posslbly kill iL The bill would Ix\ fonded by a five ccn1 gas lll!I. Millly rcsidcnis. especially m Ille Kaulah region. rear lhe bill is :i prune cxrunple of ovcr-dcvclopmcru.. The ncw 1ra~-port.alion scheme would strongly mcrcnse access 10 nnd lhrough lhc mouniains and have a profOtJnd environmcnw.I and soeiul impacL l• iu~ You! Trees 1,000 feet awny from a WllStc dump :u Oak Ridge, Tenncsscc were cut down and c:imed away. because I.hey were emiuing to~ic amounts of rad1odon. Under prc.~t rcgulntions, !heir hobiull would no1 be C:OO.\idcred ll.~ ~ A1 a pubhc hearing in Madison Count)', a woman loll! lhJS sw~ and lhcn posed some simple questions 10 lhe panel of four pale men in dark suiis and one dnrk-sktnned woman repre~ung lhe North Cwobnt1 Low Level Rodio;icti~e Wasic M411agc:men1 Aulhomy. "Would you drink wai.cr from a ~pnng 1000 feet from d1t Oak Ridge nuclC3t dwnp? Would you offer this water 10 your child?" Every head on Ille panel nodded affinmllively. TI1e woman gestured IO 1hc panel and faced lhe crowd, •1 give you the cxpens on low level rndiu.'ICtive wnu: dumps!" Over 600 people, many of them obviously cld\!rly fanning couples, showed up for the forum on u Wednesday evenang, ll'lldiuonnlly church naght in Ibis predomuuntly Baptist c:ounl)'. G1'11SS roolS politics mov~ like o pr.ime lire when 3 hot ~p.irlo; wikc.s. In this- caie lhe networl 1h111 fonned lhc Cbme of public 0111.n1gc wus lhc local min1stty, Voluni.ccrs from 1.lie Mud1.;on Em·ironmcn111l Allfonce contacted muusu:r.1 who cnllcd other preacher; nnd urged ll1c1r congregaLions to exercise I.heir duty of E3flh stewardship, one of lllC precepts of lhe soulh.un Baptist cn:cd. Earlier 1n April :ing.:r flared in Jl.lacoo and Polk Coun1.ics as The Aulhomy's 1rnvcling road show, designed IA.'I soothe fcars.lllld cool u:mpcr~. found i1SClf in an equally unplc:a.'l:lni hill S.:lll. The meeung in Polk Counly dlcw more than 1,000 ouendec.s.. Local residcnis no1cd Lhe impact of lhcse meeung.s - never before had lhcy seen so ITlilllY people of hke mind a1 one l~lion. Said Polk County $hCriffs deputy Chris Abul, "I guess everybody just WDnl'I to say 'no' to lhc dump." J11nc1 Hoyle, director of Blue Ridge EnvironlllC1ll.al Defense l..cque, calls North Carolina "I.he chump of lhc SE" for staying m lhe SE Comp:icl. lhc c1gh1 SL:ltt organWiuon lhal picked Nonh Carolinn to be the recipient or lhc rcgt0n's radioactive WllSIC for lhc next 20 yC81'$. Jonci reminds us 1h.:11 some or lhe w11S1C will remain toxic for 117 million years, EnvironmCllllll1sis lhink lha1 wch state $hould h3tldle us own waste. lnsu:<ld or conuunmrumg a new aren, lhe siate's low-level mdiooctive was1es should be stored nbovc ground al nuclear puwer plnrus. which produce ~ of lhcm. nu~ way they could be monil(Jl'Cd until a va:iblc long-u:nn waslc disposal technology is developed. To dll1e, all existing dumps in lhe rnin-ricll east have lc!lked, even lhe ones drat meet r;um:nt regullltions. The Aul.horily 1s 10 come up with at least two cundid:ue locauons in Nonh Cnrolinn lau:r lhis year and to have picked a "preferred siie" by Nov, 15, 1990. Hopefully tbe loud "No• from Katuah wlll no1 only JcOec1 the dump. bu1 will also prod the ·cxpcns· to rcthinlc their nuclear policy. SOUTH CAROLINA BANS NORT H CAROLINA WASTE Natural World Ne"'s SG\'lc:c By cucutiveorder of Gov. Carroll CampbeU. as or Morch I, 1989. the •U!IC of South Carolin" has prol1ibitcd 1hc di.~~1 or was1e from :my Sllltc &hat refused ID di!i:p()S(l of the WtilC 11.scl[ The b:in elfoc:ICd 32 ~Ulles and Puc:t10 Rico. Hans1ll Truesdale, heud of the SOUlh Carolina Dcpanmeo1 of Hcallh lllld E.nvi.ronmenml Controls H:uardoUJ Wasic Division say~. "WG hope our ac;IJoos will encoUl3gc other sutcs IO move toward developing their own h:u.ardous was1e managcmen1 pro~·. In 1987. Nonh CAroht13 gcnerultd 2.8 billion pounds of l=dous wute, most or which w11S sent to ou1-0f-Slal.C disposal Cac1litles. JCotu~\ Jo1.1rna( PIMJlll 23 �(~ fmlll P11C4l Wh:it is then: 10 keep someone from •1ctung go• nnd •becoming the olh11r person~ so successfully tl\31 !hey come away from a Lls1ening Projec1 full of rc:icrionary nnhudes? Again. m Herb's mind the answer goes back to thn1 shared essence of humrurity, which is deeper than any dogma or se1 of idc:is, but i~ expressed rnther in 1em1s of vnlues. '111c antidote 10 polariz;uion :ind separation," he say~, "i\ to recognize 1he oneness or all life and oi all hum:inity. We in soc111I chMge work need to recognize that all of us, even those people 1iliho are racist or militanst or $eem like they are ou1 to desuoy the l!ruth. are a pan of the great ltfe, and within us au is !he potcnual 10 ch:inge :ind 10 let go ot old iJcas that are destr0ying life. There h definitely that potential. The source of lhat power lies in going beyond the ego and getting down to that place where things change. 'The way I en\ 1sion 11, 1s to look 111 11 person :ind 1111.a.gine them just coming out as 11 new born inf.int, That h3by isn't a r.1ciM. th:11 baby 1sn 1 n milu:inst, that b:iby doesn't w11111 to destroy the \l.Orld. Tb:11 new baby is allvc. lbnt's the essence of hum:mny Thst's in every p;:rsoo in society, -nu11's what we: arc listening for, b:i~iC31Jy. We: ;ue probing through all the cr.iziness. all the accumul:11ed ideas. th:it may h:ivc made a person into a m1l11ans1, or a r<1cis1 or an environment· destroyer, 10 find 1he essence 01 who that person is. f'or 1hc essence is good." The idcolog1cal content 1s pare, but only a pan, of .1 convers:uion. In deep listening the: process of communication 1!> the major emphasis. If a listener 1111d a resident cnn reach a poin1 where they arc each staring right into I.he other's bare and unadorned "'1111, then together they arc atl3ckm& racism, mil11arism. and 1he other 1te1J,:1tive aspects or our i:oaety for the r11C1Gm, the: nulit11nsm, iuid the rest an: the mdv.clhng fear m people's bean~ raised to a pcrm311ent place m the mstituuons of society. Hezb ~ys that, "Underlying all the problems is fear. Our b:lsic fear IS one of rejection. We \I.ant 10 be loved and rc~pcctcd. If we don't gc1 llu11 in !lie wuy we need 11, \l.C use power to get it. That's why it gets back to spiriwa.I values. h gets back to people's need to experience love, communny. caring. nnd connection. Those :ire the fundmnental needs of :ill hum:inity, lllld if we can find w:iys to make that possible for 311 people, I think all the problem~ we: ~cc: would stan d1ssolving.w "Love, community. canng. and connecuon." Herb defines his peace work in tenns of the~ values... When be speaks of ·peace; he spc:ik. of the concept in the broadest po)siblc: \Cose. He decries the divisions tha1 sometimes arise bc1ween people involved in promoting non-violence:, doing soci:ll justice work, or helping IO prc::.crvc the c:nvirunmem He fet'ls that :ictiv1sts would help their cause by ~tressing the connec1cdness o[ 1hesc 1s~uc' lie considers the penod he wotl:cd ns a youth counselor as being part of his "peacework" an.I whhes :ill people involved In 1h:u kind of healing worl.: would realm: 1hc conncction lhc:y share v.1th the pence niovcmcn1. He .s.iy!( he 1~ ''~)rkmi: for peace v.h.n he is weeding hb garden. or Poliucs is usuully perceived 3\ II sc:nes c:intpaigns 10 be c:uncd on unul the foe is vanquished and ,;dory is ~chievcd l·or llcrb, polincs 1s process .und the process 1~ nevcr-endmi;, whelhcr 11 is tor empowerment or tor he:iling. In an mfomul moment he slid, "Yeah, you know, hstening ts an incredible procc)s. I'm still trying to 1ncorpora1e 11 rr.ore d~ly in my person:il lire. 11·~ easier IO v.ork it on the political level in some ways. "What was it someone said? 'Listening is the rim let or love.' "In a sense the Listening Project actually says. 'I love: you. No mauer who you nn:, no mauer what you're doin~, l love the essence of who you nrc.' You may hate wha1 a person 1s doing, but wha1 you !lfe basically ~11y111g is 'I love yo11.' That's where listening is non-violence, too." ~ {tontillued rrocn page 10) p:1rnc1panii; m1m n:ly on 1iicinsd• ~ • thc1t own mner n:sourccs nnd ability to share llnd 'Communicate. In a very~ ~. the ~etpant... create the "orklihop ·and isn"1 this \\h:!t community 1s about anyway? Lc:anung to t;1p IOlCI our iruhv1Ju:il and group r ·sources, and to be co-crc:uors rnthcr th:m ·koocrs" nnd followcn; "? As a group rntwcs out of "pseudo-c\'lmmunny and IO\l.ard real community. it tends to pas~ through scverul d1\1Jnct phases, which Dr. Peck and I·CI.! ro:fer 10 ns "i:haos" :ind "cmpuncss" After the supcrf1Ci:1h1y nnd f.:ilsern:ss of pscudo-communny begins to \H::U- thin, conflicts begin 10 emerge, nnd pe<.>ple usU11lly lil:ln irymg w fa, convert. or ch3.0gc each Other. The rc:sulltn!l rcscnnnent llild nngcr. nobody likes being "faro"· des1ro>s nny feeltngs of group harmony (illusory as 1hcy may h;i\ e bet'n). nnd the group descend~ into confusion nnd "cha()>'". Then llfter a period of turmoil and soul·sean:hmg. group members gradually lc:im ·"uh the tacditntors cxcnsion31 guidance • 10 let go or lhcir prcconcc1vcd 1de:i~. expccunons, IUld pcrsonal agendas. They begin 10 emp1y themselves of these b.'lrriers and blocks, which have kept them lt:cling ~p!lr.lte :ind un:lble 10 Just be tlrere with the others. Thh cmpcying process cnn be d1fl icult and painful . but on the other side of this "valley ot the: shadow of death" lies the cxpc;ncncc or Peace. ot JUSt Being. ,1nd listening, and sharing m co11unun11y ·an CKpenence that seems to eocomp3Ss all oppo~itcs and embraces joy and sorro''. nll kind) of religious ei1pn:ss1on anJ 11thtism. activity and rcccpu-.ity, love and feat. Although a panicubr group m3Y noc rellCh a sustained c~pericncc of genuine community (qwic ~!ten. groups tend to re' en b3clc 10 cha()) 11ntl/or pseudo-community ~incc these modes ol rc:bung 11re more familiar and, in a sense. ~fer· though not really), every group goe.1. throug~ an emptying process and at least touches on, or Wp!> into, the Bemgncss of commum1y. ( Having auended one of thei.c v.eckcnd worhbops, thi' "ritcr can auesl 10 the :iccur:icy of 1he abc)\'e dcscripuon I Xa1uiU1 Journn! pCUJC 2·1 "Through 1he power of gewune commzmity, "e 1ccl to offer opportumries for peopfo 10 brufgc tliffcrc11ces mid reco11cilc c·miflzcts u uh a11thr11ucit) anc/ 111tegrity " ln :idd111on to 1has pnnury fe>..--us, FCE 1s alw m the process of elp:uuimg its focus on comm11nily 11etworbng nnJ refcrra.I servu:c:s. The gwl 1s to pre.wide n~sht11Kc and d1ra "t1on for people v. ho an: seeking to lmk up wtth other; for a ~ctlic purpose, or arc 1C:UChing for community organiz.iuons or groups that c:in asSJSI 1hem m their hc:lling, le:1ming. grov.th, nnd/or sharing. The unllcrlymg recog11lt1on here IS thM rcr~ "1s not 311 1sol:11ed phenomenon, but nithcr a pan of what might be called the community movement" • 11 movement initiated by such group~ as Alchoholics Anonymous nnd ib t\\lelve siep program, the growth of social :tc1ion groups, and the women's movement. l'CE i~ thu~ engaged 1n su:ad1ly bu1ld1ng new links· and sm:nglhcnlng e)tl,Ung ones· in the hv1ng mterconncctcd chllin of community "·hic.h may prove to be.-, m truth, our s;ilvauon. For funhcr mform.1uon about FCE and its umnnunuy Building Wort..~hops, cont.1ct: The Fouo<hltion for Community Encuun1gemenl, Inc:. 7616 Glc:iwn Road KnO%\ille, T~ 379l9 -~ (615) 690-43~ p · Summtr. t 989 �We had some visitors from the Soviet Union. They wanted to make friends with us. We wanted to understand them... Crystal Peace means that I am loved ...Alyson from a drawing by Alyson and Crystal Peace is love peace is caring peace is sharing. If I didn't have any peace, it wouldn't be any peace in my heart .......... Beth 1 I Peace means to be a friend to me Peace means to be kind to others Peace means to be nice to others Peace means harmony to me ....Virg1 nia Peace is like Flying in The sky ........Justin Peace means not hurting animals.... Sefton Peace is loveing and harmony and careing for others and animals. I love cats........Star These are some respo11ses w the l.lhat. ls Pce1ce? Coruest held ar Aslievil/e Altemarive School, an experimental public school in Asheville, Nc>rtlr Carolina. Organized Olld compiled by Abby Bird. age 11 Kstuah's Cliildre11's Page Editor l<.At1.1uf1 )01.lT!'lUt p!UJ~ 25 from a drawing by Virginia Summc.r. 1Q89 j �TIP/ F.ROS Your womb wraps around me, encloses II.lid holds and keeps me, nnJ lets me come nnd co. in and out. DRUMMING Gomg out, away from your bcanh,.)our embrace I JOumcy 1n ecstasy, and I live in p;im. lETIE RS TO Kt\ TUi\H I am Earth walking on Earth, worlds I am or micro :ind rtl3CTO cosmos. wali.ing through. I glimpse the dn:3m - enthralled. in awe. 1n rapture • then lose 11.~aod wander about. .. lost in Isolauon - desolation - despair. Dear Katuah, L011JS OF Tiil! HEART: Coming soon to a mounuun valley near you - 8.6 billion dollars worth of road consuuc1ion. Thats right, Nonh Carolina Governor Jim M.utin wants all of his c11iunry co be within 10 mile$ of a four·hnc wpcrh1ghw:1y, and. 1f by chance you're hindered by a du!>ty ol' travel road - don't worry - he want) to pave those, 100. Access 1s but a n1ckel·a·gallon g:u-tu increase away, so h11 saving North Carolina's reputation as a ·good roads for progre~ sta1e• is a freebie. Say you're not sure about all th1\'>? Ughtcn up. Those who ~tanJ 10 profit the most politically and financs:illy (our mayors, our county comnuu1oncrs, and the independent Chambers of Commerce) have been lobbying your state legisl310~ to push h:ud for the passage of the new slllle •Transponauon Improvement Plan (TIP)." Why, shoot, 11's already p:issed the Uouse and with :ill the hand shakm' and back ~lappin' between this country club governor and the aforc·mcnuoncd 5pccial 1111en:,ts. the Senate will surely figure that the: whole \Hile i~ bclund TIP, Slow down? Come oft 1t. Secretary of Tran5portation Jim llumngton and h1' \hop arc alrc;idy two Mcp:. ahtlld. Not only dOC$ he kno~ the governor personally. but he's had m:ips pn:pmd that will prevent confusion 1 the lcx:il dcclston-m:lling level. :o;o need to worry about \\'ho's gomg where \\ith this TIP! So, \\Ith this much 1ns1ght into )Our future. don t lose another nlght s sleep Raleigh lus once again grasped the moment and fulffiled our needs: our need for a hl&h gas w; our need for greater DCCeSS for more and mon: outlandCIS; our need for mon: highway traft11c, Including hazMdous waste b~ed ea.~t. and our need for increased development prenurcs along sull unpubllcir.cd hii;hway comdors. Why, r.hoot, there's no need 10 fuss' r.;o need 10 look ror a bus' C1vthwion rn all ih urb:ln glory v.ill soon be as close as the nc:1:1 ex11. Your Valley, KAtlWI Province, Southcm Appalachb. USA. 01' Rl1Stus Kutw1h )ourn"t p119e 211 To go naked on thh ~. To m3kc a soft bed In the fragrance of pmc needles To open an eye To the d.uk cool of night And the brilliance of ~13.J"5 To "'-:ilk m the sun's cares:. On bare ~houldcr.t. To cat wild strawberries And golden com. To drink Of pure, cold mounun stre~. And bathe tn tumbling occ:ms. To wau:h and wonder. To be a pan of this hvmg E:i.nh. So v.hy Do I measure out my hfc Jn shOpPmg malls anJ ban~ Jn hosp11..tls and cars And air-conditioning, Jn the v1olcncc ol ciucs '! The wisdom or 1hc uboriginc, The Pcn:in, the Kuna, the llopr. • ,\fury d~ /,a \'ulet1t: Government lsnnold nun Onhts knee,:, With dry, shn~ cited bps Then I enter you again: I come in.•.seeking... nccding your c:mbrncc, renewal-rcdi:.covcry-rebinh. Your womb encloses me, holds me tight, indulges me in bliss. in sleep, in cirummg I awake still within you, lounge !>wec1 moments in between, then slip OUI of you i;emly, bravely then 10 face· perhaps cmbnce - the new light - ktnr Dear Ka11Wl. Ple:ise include my name on your m3iling hst for the • Biorcgional Journal of lite Southern Appalachians." I am a firm ?el1~ver 1n bioregionnli:.m and hope that by JOmrng your cnu~e that I can help deliver a message that so urgently needs to be heard. I um n graduate from Texas A&M Un1vem1y with a degree in Forc~try and I am currcntly a member of the Green Party. I would hkc 10 sum a correspondence with other concerned pcnons living in the Asheville area, and tf 1 can be of any assistance to your orgnm1.:111on please let me know. Sincerely, , W. Eric Becker 7408 LunilllS Lane (1132) Pcrry~rg. OH 43SS1 Rcce~scd To R:\'e.tl thc roots of h1~ teeth. He kneels At the hc:Jld 01 some SU!Jl'S Which lc:id up to a place or sancwary And sells wind up sold1cn To a young boy Bothcm:I by the old nun's Gummy smile. • 11111 llouser C/984 Dear Kaulah, Sure have missed getting the Kau'i:lh. Thank you so much ror your enlightened onJ rn1clhgcnt coverage of our region. Such a blessed rehcf lrom the nightly news, newspapers and such. Lo1.-e the idea of cictcndal wildemcs~ areas. and .,.ouldn"l 11 be neat and umcly 10 have bicycle and toot paths 10 crisscross all the mt~ ("'here po~blc ?) Love, Kalinda Wycoff Sumrtlct, 19811 �HELLO? HELLOl Poems offering seldom have I lhought about this by Charles Rampp begins with M e - everything seems gift for Me. enjoyment but it also ends here unless We make it rules. real I by touching ever so gently its opposites. harmless sparks matches fingers' air grip and l'rn dancing light , joyous. to see that we nre doing an issue on Peace what it means and w~t ii can mean. 1 would like to add a note of tl1anks to all the people who have resisted the contagious call to wnr most dirc4ldy by not becoming soldiers. Either by doing an Alternative Service to military "service". by deciding to dissociate from military "service" while in it, or.refusing 10 panicipate with it in any way 10 the first pince, Conscientious Objectors deserve a song of gratitude wbich springs from some of the deep, moving pools of integrity that can flow from the human psyche. If an individual hears from an inner voice that "militarism is wrong" or that it "denies the sacredness of life" or "the enemy is us" or "violence begets violence" and acts on this voice by doing nothing, or not participating in the further disruption of life, or by doing something to try, beyond violence, to change the medium of forces that createS the disruption - perhaps, we are permitting oun;elves to accept responsiblity for tlte horrors we have made for each other and allow conflict resolution to happen. Too often we have let the chaos of wnr, or suspected war, determine the rest of the pauem for human and non-human being. There is also a sea of great sorrow to be recognized for the many people who have died in the ebb of violent authority and its many manifestations. Those who hnve protested or objec1ed to brutality ll!'ld discrimination and come to futal blows with ils way, the innocem who have been killed, and the unconscionable wru.te of human life to attempt to prove group or individual power all have something to teach us: we are coming to a climax ns a species. from which we must find decisive ways of social order that acknowledge diversity. symbiosis, ond the human shadow as panners within the biosphe~ and ii:; 1en11city. - Rob Messick of Peace First! • Oy, cold ,whisking light's compassionate malh like a matador"s cloak across a turtle's nose It is a joy ... Summu, 1989 IN o. WC>l"k:I \~v.£.-lo QJT LAW u.>o.r,-t.o rv'\QM. pto..cd' peace lntely. suddenly My hand finds emptyness in pockets \ If +hut. 1$ Q.""i ONt. LE.ft A LIV£' ID LtKE tc u.ntu wt*.h ~ To Lhe &iitors: .In reac~ion to Exxon's role in the recent oil spill, I d~cadcd to return my credit cards and to. boycott JtS products. J run hoping that this might become a mass tactic if enough consumers ~ill ~~ow ,th.c~r rejection of corporate 111sens1uv11y by JOming. Enclosed is my letter 10 the president of Exxon. For ecological snn11y, rreside111. Daniel Gruham Ex.xnn Company Chapel Hill, NC M.Qma 's SoNiJ . P.O. 80:1: I 322 llou.sron. TX 77251 Cl!orl..es of Zacfu:.rlJ movi."'} f o nvard. lnto raln , stn9ln9 cta.morol.ls marches of oCcf. hu0\1S, a nc! thunder i;rl.es 0 1.lL n&r tra9tca£ name wni!~ lM drops p ta.IJ a j anci.f uC LUM , a nd fuird. they com e down to JaU. upon u s aCC w asps anc! mop~s . c!andcli.ons , d.ai.s i4:S, tetri.ers , t4b&i.es, &ws, co1vs, f;eans , otd. roof s, odd. st.ones, a ncl you! Get w e&., my son, I had bun looking forward 10 rtuiving my E:uon credit cord, l>ur ofter rhe slwmrfu/ way :f(>Uf company ucred in tltt u cenr oil spill. I co11 M longer acctpr ii . It lws becomr: r/cal' from \larlous m:wJ uport., 1/uu company was not rtady for o spill thr.f JIU, an.I /uu cut bad on vuaf emergency plans, This 1111111 disregard fur l>/J/' comuwn licrirwgt is poor c111rr:nship and 1/are111e1u rlre frog1lt lltl.tJSl<:m iLwlf. I am returning my cudir curds aJ11.l 1<ilt urge 1lll my ftithds and organua110MI t ontcurs to do till' same 1U11il your comp1111y realius that 1hr comnwn gtiod of tht planet i.s much more 1mponan1 1l:m1 the rlror1-1crm prr.'fits t{ your l.QtporUJwn )'<I'" f i.nd JOY i.n the downpo ur I tkaven s:ends iL, ca.rt.Si n:cc~ves U., so w a c!r Lnfl. LL, w ash uur &ocCLe$, quench our s plrHs, and. &y the 9L 9, tt.ve. vi.n GeL Lir~. m y d.or(lnCJ. a nd keep LL wLth you Ln l.M dri.u wtUU:rm:ss of C19e. a rcmcm&ue.c! surnm u·s 1£ci11 w hen you were Le•~ ancL w l th you r rtothu and she saM!, "Yi.sl" llo ouL and. pta.y W\ a.he r a\.n, ln a spouL of Ci£luld. 9Cor 1J thaL f or9Lv"5 our sl u&&ornesio. Say "Ycsl- . ~r Zac:fmr 11, us you S~"'J yo'4r warn.or 's SOnlJ• sa11 ··yes!" a nd "Yi:sl ~ C19uin. M1gh1y smuuly, (.flgn~) - 1'Lcf.anl• Bridl)~ Drawing on tins page by MIOILina Herring, drawmg on prcc;cdtn& poac by Chll<ld Hugey. Both for ·v,.,ons of Pc.ooio" con'"'- Jackson County p......, Nc1..,01k. Kutuah )ou.rna.t pa9.; 27 �eveors JUNE 18 FRANKLIN, NC Oury Bonnelle specking on •The Ascension Principle.• Mounuun l.igbl Network. 2 pm Dl M:icoo Community Ccnlet. Hwy. 441. For more info. call: (40l) 746-2454 llOT SPRJNGS, NC 'Wind Swirls lhc Low.~ l...cuvcs: 1':u Chi lnterptay• with J11y Dunbar and K3Lhlecn Cu!rick. Exercises for mdividuals nod partn¢rs m r11i Chi Ch'Ullll, a Chlne:ic mn11inl Ml end moving mcduallon. No experience, no pnnncr needed Prc-regisicr. SOO. Soullicm Dharmo Rcll'Clll Ccn1a, see 6(.30.7(1. 21·23 HIGHLANDS, NC Workshop, •Techniques for Nature Phoiograophcrs" with Gil Leebrick. Bm Len. wildlife photographer, and bomnist Sill Wylde. S250 includes accommodations. Appalachian Environmenl!ll Ans Center. Box S80: Highlands. NC 28741 (704) .526-4303. 26-30 GOODE, VA Chllnnnel Mel&Y at vortexes 1111d sacred sites in the northern Blue R1dic w11h Rev. Daniel Chesbro, Tom Williams. Pilot MounLllin, Peaks ol OllCr, New River, Fairy Stone Parl.. "lmportnnl work ioward cxp:inding lhc Light." Confon:n.::e, lodging S225. Pre-register. Rt. I, Box 310·A: Goode. VA 24556 '30-7n 26-30 21·25 HOT SPRINGS, NC ·seven Day Zen Soul Recharge• with Sandy Oentai Stewurt. abbot of Squifrel M1'n. Zcndo, Piusboro, NC. Prc·regrsu:r: S 160. S1;>u1hern Dbarma Retre111 Cenicr: RL 1. B()lt 34-H: HOt Springs, NC 28743. HI G ll l.AN DS, NC "Landscape Pho1ogrnphy m 1hc Blue Ridge." large f01tOa1 camera workshop with 0111.c.ebrick :md Sllln Tomi la. S2SO. See 6'21-25. 28-30 HOT SPRl NGS , NC Vipass:ano Mcditntion with Cirol Wilson Pre.register: S70. Southern Dhnrma Rc1rt:at CcnLCr, see 6/30..7fl. JULY ASli EVlLLE, NC "Mounlllin Sweet Talk; a 1wo-ac1 play fe:uuring The Folktellcrs, Barbara Freeman am.I Connie Rcg:lln·Bhuce. The play feriturcs stories and music of Appalachia presented by two very accomphshcd pcrfom1ers. 8 pm ThUl'Sll:iys through S:uurdays. 3 pm Sundays a1 lhc Folk An Center Theatre, caM of A!ihevillc. milepost 382 on lhe Blue Ridge Parkway. Ticket\ SlO, S8 in advance at MalJprop's. l-8/13 6-8 LINVILLE, NC J41h Annual Grundfother Mountain Highhmd Games. Piping and drumming, lhghland dancing. S~ottish alhlctic$. harp, fiddle. tr:lCk and field, ttilidh For more info, wrilC Grnndfa1hcr Mounw.in; Bo" 128; Linville. NC 28646 7-9 NEW MARKF.'r, 1 N STP (Slop the Poisoning) School uL the H1ghland.:t CcnlA:f. Tactics. strJlcgy, 1111d nc:twurkini; for lh05e wocking LO stop industrial polluoon. Prc-rcg1su:r. C:!ll Highlandu 01 C6JS) 933·3443. 12-16 lll Ci ll l.Al'\OS, 'llC "Edible V1s1ons· worksho11 un food pl101ogniphy. Wild foods lor:ig1ng. Mllrlha Strawn. Head of Phologr.1phy. UNC·ChJrluuc. S250 Sec 6/21-~5. 19.23 lllGHLANDS, !\C "l.lllld 3nd l'cuplo: A Dcs1g" AppnXll:h• pho1ogm11h> worl.slmp wi1h Jay Dus:ird S2!i0. See W.Zl-25. ~•Luuh )ounmt JHlfJC 28 AUGUST llOT SPR INGS. NC Vipassano McdiLJtion with John OrT. Prc·registcr: S60. Soulihlm Dhnrmn Rcttc:it Center, s.:c 6/30-?n. 4-6 LAUR INUURG, NC The Summer lnsu1u1c on ·Tc:iching ConOict Resolution. sponsored by Ptofcssional D<l"clopmcnl Team. "Conflict i.s fXl" of living /1 can /Nd IQ ~10/mu and ck11ruc11on Or, 1hrougl1 rraming and pracuu, -..·~can /tarn IQ wtluc conf/ir1 as an opportumty for clwngt and i:ro-..ith." S:J.10 1ncludcs room and tioard.Wrnc to: NCCPE/NC-ESR. 214 Piiuboro St.. Ch:lpcl Htll, NC 27516. Dr:iwing by Rob Messick WAYNESVI LLE, NC ·Techniques for P-crso"nl Sclf·Transfonnntion" with Bing Esaudoro. S1il-l.igh1 Rcucnt Ccn1cr; RL l. Box 32~: Waynesville, NC 28786 (704) 452-4569. 23·27 25-27 NEW MARKET, TN STP (Stop lbc Pois0ning) School 3t the Highlander Center. Tactics. str:11cgy. and nc1worklng for those wor¥ing lO stop mdusltial pollution. .Prc·cegistcr. Call Highlnndern1 (61S) 933-3443. HlGHLANDS, NC •women's Adventure Weekend" • bnck.·packing, visuati1.0tion. relPation wllh Nnncy Shaw Discussion; lier Mo1hu·~ Daughter For info, write The Mount.1in; 841 Hwy 106; H1~hla11ds, NC 28741. 25-27 f>.11 9-13 lllGUl.Al\OS, NC "Ahcmattvc Londscapc· • pho1egn1phy wo1kshop with M;anlyn Bridges. author/photogr.apbct of Morlm1gs: AeTlal t'ic11 $ oj Sar.red lAndscupa. Tran~cending the u~u:il w;iy of pcri:civing the environment IO :irrwe aJ new way$ UJ whicli 10 view the Earth. S250. See 6121-2S. 18·20 uo·r SPRl ... GS. NC Three I.ilks on "Zen and Western Philosophy" by l..ou f'ior.h1rom. PhD. ord;uncd Ztn monk formerly wi1h the Ztn C"111m11n1I) ol NY l'rc·rcgutcr: S.7.5. S ;u1hc:1n l>hQrll\ll Rc1rca1 Ccnttr. $<.'C fi/30-7(1. SEPTEMBER 1-4 ll OT SPRINGS, NC Mindfulnc~s Mcdiution and Everyday Life: Rclntionships and SeAualily wilh Sui;an AugcMtcin. "MinJ/Mfncs, m~diturion endbl~s u..• to src life IJJ II (ICllUJl/y is Ill ,,, IOtality • Ptc-rcgi~ti:r: 590. Southern OharmJ Rcirc.a1 Center, sec 6/30-7n. 1.5·17 WAYM-.SVI LLE. "C Thc Pr.ii;11cc of ·n1Ct:1pcutic Touch" with SuL1 Ccrmak1~. S11l-Ught Rc11ca1 Center: Rt. I. Box 326: Wa)111:svillc. NC 28786 (70-IJ .!52-4569. 0 1'1·'22 ,\Slll,VILl.1~, NC tn1crn11tu>n,1t C1111fu, nu en l'mlcways, Gr(tntH1J1. or.ii R1vcr..c1ys l lit 11'.-v \fort Btriu11jul llihon Inn f're·regmrauon r~q111rcJ fill more mfo, Cllll t\pp::il;1,h1an Con~nau1n ('7Qel) 2C.2·2CJ6.$. Su1111nc1, 191}9 �~Water Sys1em1 WATER PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT SOLAR PRODUCTS Mamber NC Waler Ouallly As50C1a11on HWY 107 RANDAL!. C LANIER RT 68 BOX 125 704·293-5912 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 (704) 26+-7242 31 S E. King Street, Boone NC 28607 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-'-~~~~ Clti11ue "''11p1111ct11re DESIGNS b~ "' n t:D'LC'LN'.E A.LL'L'.ES Jlerllgiglll Cli11it Rob :'.. l~s~ic k lllustmlion & Dt>~1~n in Pen & Ink and color«< l Pc·n•il Mil llARY RADIOACI IVE LANDFILLS This c1l11<•n g111dt• I~ 1h1 htst compl"l'hcrwve wn cy ol tht rud1<>il(Cb\·c (ontaminallon •••used b> th' pn>du<l1<>n .,1 m1dl'1r ''"~P•ln' Vr1111/y Urfrnst nplJms h<Jw nu<l.:Jr weapoM 4t< madl' hl1W rddh»lrh\'<.' "'~''" '' gt·1wra11-d, Jnd whl'rc lhl' ronlJm1nJtl1111 I• >prc,1d1ng; the 16 pnnMn nudcar \\ ,)..trcm-.. JJi.,litic,. •re ,•x.01m1rh..J tn • d1•t.11I In dddlunn tu ttu murt· than bO mdP", di.,gr.im' phoh._, and 1o1bl1» In th1~ li't}.p.1gcbt1<.1lo., t>Mh 11r.:kr ".l«ompan11"ll "' a dr.1ma11c ~-«ulur II" 22 m.tp shl1wtni; lran•p.. r1,111t111 mu It's u<t.J in lh•• m.111Ufo(· tu r, u1 nucl"·.u \\ .:apon' To ordt•r, >•.'0•1 :>I~ lo L•lt•r.ilurt· Pepi , K.1d10.I• W,,_t, ( ollllj'.llJlll, N'"' Y<or~ , ='' IXll2 Ill,. !>~5 llJ'UJd\\'d\ , 2nd floor "''-=.... .=..,~ 'I I~ ~~ BARE.ESSENTIALS :J .... Natural Foods .... Organic Produce Biodegradable Diapers •: Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains :. Vitamins & Supplements Wheat, Salt, & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes •: H air & Skin Care Products :. lu 200 West Kini! Street. Boone NC 28607 Ill ~ \.... ~~"=" 704-264-5220 ~· In 1bc 11adiuonal Cherokee Indian belief, the cremurcs in the world 1odny an: only diminuiuvc fonns of the mythic beings who once inhabilcd the world. but who now re$idc in Galuna'li, the spirit world, the hlghCSl hca~cn. Bui a few of the original powers broke lhrough lhe spirilU31 bamcr and .:itlSI yet ln lhe world as we know •L These beings 111e c:lllcd wilh revcn:nce "grundfathc.rs" And of 1hcm. the suongcst 111c KQl\Qti. the lighllling, the power of the sky; Uis:i'na1i, I.he raulesnake. who personifies the power or the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdi, "the liule mnn", as ginseng is culled in the sncnd ceremonies. whodr.iws up power from lhc underworld. Each LS the sllongest power m its own domwn. Togclhcr they arc :iUics: their cncrg.ies complement each other to ronn an even grca1tr power. As medicine allies, they repl'\!SCnt the healing pQwcrs or the Appalnehian Mount:iios. The medicine powers of K!!ltiilh have bctn depicted m 11 striking T-shirt design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 4-color silkscreen by Ridgcrunner Naturals on top quality. all-couon shins, they~ &\·ailnble now in 311 odu.11 si1.cs through the Kalanu bio.regioWll mall-order supplier. Onler shirlS from: KRL RNU Box 282: Sylv;:i, NC Ka1Uah Province 28779 Plc:ise specify ~1.e: Sm., Med., lg., X-Lg. _J~ Cost: S9.50. 111Cludcs ~ge (NC raidcna plo:ae .xi S~ ulC$ LU.) -~~~ 'PJ~e,, 'JWJ\!WI 'Naty.r~ KRLANU T·SHIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN BIOREGIONRL BOOKS ANO TOOLS FOR LI UING IN APPALACHIA ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NAT URE DESIGNS CALL or WAITE IOI' FREE COLOR CATALOG Natural Food Store & Dell TI11: bc$t ICJlt on 0.:Cp Ecolo y. Saacd Land Sncred Sex. Rapture 160 Bl'OIM1Wsy Ashevllle, NC 28801 Whef'9 ~ tNeta t.llrrlmon Ave & J..2«> or Lbe Deep by o,iton:s l:lOrnpcllc wt' ~lror:.Jd bf! glad 1/wrw<' l'.a•cJ uuchcrJ.Judi as Dolum iAG/iapellt • • Kli!Ual1 J0111ll3112J OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday-s.tulday: llam·Spnt Soodsy; lpm-Spm P. Q S\4rn rner, 1989 S23.00 (l'ricco lncludcsJIOlb£<!) r.:a OrJu[rom: KflLRNU Bo~ 182, s,l•a, NC, KDI~ Pr"'·'nt:" ~'C ,~,,/Lille ..,t,f j~ .~Ja 28189 �DRUMS· Custom handcrafted ctramic dumbccks &; wooden medicine drums. Call Joe Roberts al (704} 258-1038 or write to: n8 Town Mountain Rd.; Asheville, NC ~- ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY on beautiful land nc:lf Cherokee, NC scclr.ing families dc.<;iring gr;:41cr cooperauon and sclf-wfficiency. Based on Spiriwal and ccolog1cal values. Propcny now av:iilablc. Call (404) 778-8754 ror info. Tht NatiqnQ/ Dlrtclor;y of Hollmc Practi1ion.tr1. llt!oltrs, Schools. Centers, and Rttrc.its is looking for listings. Make your skills nv:ulablc. Prices and more info on re11uc~t: MichJcl Rosenblum: The Notional Directory.... ; P.O. BoA I'.!733; GaincsviUe, FL 32604 FOREST BIOLOGIST • PhD. to teach corw:rv:ulon, pllllll i.:u<onomy, gcncrlll biology, wpcrvisc work crew (studenlS) m mo.nugemcn1 of 600 acres of college foco:i;L Rescarclt with undergrads encouraged Send resumt io: V. Collins: W11rren Wilson College: 701 W11min Wilson Rd.: Swannanoo. NC 28n8 THE VITAL CONNECTION WANTED. LANO in We$tem NC. Family seeks 5 or more acres. preferably ni:ar Cullowhcc, m preserve :uid eventually inhabit If you have or know of al!ord:iblc lmld, con1ac1 Bob wid Mary 0Jvis; 213 Wcsunoreland Ct.; Ccorgetown, KY 40324 (502) 863-4267 Long Bn1nch Center needs ~olurucctS{mtcrns 10 help w1111 orc:h:1rds. gllrdens, farmwock, rainbow trou1, cncrgy-cfficienl bwlding, cnvironmenuiVwiJdlifc/pcrmacuhure issues nnd orgamring. Room and board negoti3ble. Paul Gallimore: LBEEC; Rt. 2. Box 132; Lcic;c:;ter, NC 28748 rituals, roles, :ind relationships from I.he on:hctypul memory of the pnst., present, and future. S3 to Colleen Redman: One Song Scribe; l;loic 634; Floyd, VA 2A091. M. TREE DESIGNS: lllustrauo11~ and Dc~ign • Beyond the p:ige> of I.his JOU!nill, J worJ. m pencil, colored pencil. ink, cul p3pcr, uml batik. Fine and graphic :ut IO express and enhance nur lives. Logcx, brochures, book.,, portraiture, window :md wall h:ingings. Contact Manha Tree (70-1) 754-«>97. SUMMER CAMP· June 19·30, ages 6-10; Jul)' 1(}.22. ngus 11+ in th~ mounwms o{ MaJ1"°n Co.. NC. Raising the ccolog1Clll consc1ousncss or ruiurc gcncr:mons. For info, wnlC: John or Dory Brown; RL I, Boir. 84·B: HOI Springs, NC 28743. ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY m lhe Smoky Mt'nt. of east TN. 10 acres wi1h creek. springs, views, good nc1ghbor$. Be 11 p-.irt for S8500. Dill Leslie (615) 4S3· IS38. STIL·LICHT THEOSOPHICAL RETREAT CENTER • a quic1 space for Jll!tSonnl mcdi1111ion, group inu:rocuon lhrough study, and communit)· work. and ~-pirituul semlll!ln>. Contacl l..eQn Fcankcl; RL I, Box 326: W11> oesvillc, NC 28786. ECO-HELP NEEDED Environmental Educa11on Tl/£ PEOPLE OF Tl/£ ONE SONG • booklet or SlOrieS and poems that tell or the people's dreams, EUSTACE CONWAY· Guide and teacher or primiuve E:uth Skills with emph:isis on fire building, ludo tanning. ~helter, nnd foraging. He lenchcs at 11ubhc schools, park~. c:nv1ronmcnwl centers. and classes or ntl kinds. For more 1nfom13ll0l'I contact him ill: 602 Deerwood Drive, G:i."lonia, NC 280114 or c:n1I Allcin St:llllcy :it (704) 872-7972 ADVENTURE FOODS • dehydrated foods for people who work or play 1n 1he groat ouldoors. Entree> and Jide dtsli~. Send for menu and prices. Jemi's O:irden Greats: tu. 2, Box 276; WhittiC!l", NC 28789 (7CV.) 497..4113. MOTHER'S BREATH HERBAL PRODUCTS high quali1y herbal cxll'tlcis. ointments, and oils, lovingly created. Send for free brochure 10 Rt. 2, Box 251: Vila.~. NC 28692 JOURNEY INTO THE SUCK.ROCK Wilderness Arca. Boy~. fo1.her-son, rau1cr-<bughiu ellpcditions. Learn obscJValJOll and woodcraft in the deep woods. Burt Kornegay, C><pcricnced guide. Slickrock Expeditions; Box 1214; Cullowhcc, NC 28723. MOON DANCE PARM HERBALS· herbal salve.~. tincture~ . .t oils for birthing &; family health. Rlr brochure, plea~ write: Moon Dance F31m; Rt I, Box 726: H.lmpt0n, TN 37658 FEEL EARTH beneath yoor feet - wear moccasins. Custom, r.mdilion:ll Plains lndlan style of ellcskin. S50 adull: S35 chlldtcn; SIS baby. Send foet tracing to: P<1tricl Clark.: 47 Panol:i: Asheville.. NC 28801 or co.II 2S t !!250. ADOPT-A· TREE. Trees are the gte:lt consc.rY!ltors of the pllntL The Adopt-A·Tree program will bc:lp mnkc the viUll connection ~wC(ll individual people and mdividwl ttccs. Don:itioru acccpied. For more mfo, wnte to Box 144. Sugar Grove, NC 28679 SKINFOODS • fresh. hund-mado herbal skin prcp;u-:uions a1 to:01$0nable prlc~ Send for price lbt: 106 E. Main St.: John~ City TN 37601 LEAD TESTS • h yuur plumbtng leaching IClld into )"Our dnnlingwal.C'r? Find out for sure • lcad·testing Int from the non-profit Clean W::ucr F~nd or NC. All you nc.;J for 512. Send a check w/ nJmc and address to CWF; 138 E. Chcstnul SL: Asheville, NC 28801 poisonou~ HAND-CARVED WOODSPIRITS, mystical hilung staffs, ;ind w:tll hangings by St.eve DullClln. For br«hurt, plca.-;c write Wb1ppoorw11l Studio; Rt 4, Box 981; Marion, NC 28752. FOUR WINOS VILLAGE • health and sp1t11ual rctre11t: home for chd.Jren m need. For VlSiting mfo.. write· Box 112; Tiger~ CA 30S76. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS. herbs, and organiClllly-gruwn. IDC:il produce 31 the WNC Farmc~· ~1.id:ct! Look for the Fairgkn Farms sun, uniL~ F and C 1n the wholc-<ak area ol lhc Farmrrs' M;irket: 570 Brevard Rd.~ A~hcvillc, NC (70.l) 252-4414 NEEDED: CHILO-LOVING PERSON who loves lO cook to be a nanny and housekeeper for my four children. Hows, wages neg01iable. Rm. t1nd bd. available. Asheville are<1. Cnll Morgan (704) 689-5382. RM DESIGNS · I use the media or pencils. colored gou::iche. pen and ink, and photography m cre:itmg unique line :md grnphic nn I cnn make di11gr:1111~. logo!<, fini~hcd prints, nnd dei;igns ror brochures, <:alcndcrs. cards, book.$. eic. Mandal!ll nnd symbuls nre my tendency among OLhcr s1ylcs. Contacl Rob Mess1rlc (704) 7>1-6097. pencil~. ARTS CAMP • nn intcgrutcd ;in c~p¢ricncc for cluldrcn 4-14 at Marshall Primary School monungs. Chiltlrcn's Ans tn lhc MounuuJl.'I. For schcdul~ mro. call BclSCy StllQChaJ ut {70-1) 689-4699 or El11..:ibcUI Roberts :u (70l) 2S!l-8647. EARTH REACH EDUCATION ASSOCIA TIOI' ltJching prin1111ve skills to c.bildNn and adulLS. Robert Marun, Jr. 11nd Jeanne Moore: Rt. I, Box 178-A: Fcrrum, VA 24088. GREENS BIBLIOGRAPHY over 800 entries on tho: intcmimonol Green pntt.ies 11nd movcmcru. SS {domcst", include! postage) w J;iy Michael Ochs: 443 Mnrkc1 SL: Williamspon. PA 17701. WE.BWORKING 1~ tree. Sent.I submissions Ul: Kotc<ah Journal P.O. Boll 638 Lc1cc.~1cr, NC Katuah Province 28748 Si.unmt:r. 1989 �The KatUtih Journal wants 10 communica1c your thoughts and feelings 10 the other people in the bioregional province. Send them 10 us as letters, poems, stories, anicles. drawings, or pho1ographs, etc. Please send your contributions to us at: KatUah Journal; P. 0. Box 638: Leicester, NC: Katuah Province 28748. ISSUE THREE- SPRING 1984 Siutainabl4 Agricul1111c. Sunnowcts • Human lmp•cl on th1t Forc!l'.I - Childrcns' Edue&1lon Veronica Nicholu:Wonum in Politics • Uulc People-Medicine Allies Wild habitat is disappearing. The wild creatures are disappearing and wilJ be gone unless brave humans Ulke note and act. The imponance of habitat to biodiversity and the effect of human beings on the natuml systems in Southern Appalachia will be the topic of the foll issue of the KatUah Journal. For aUthings wild! Topics for funher issues include Children; Wellness; and Crealing Nurturing Cultures. Please send ideas, suggestions, anwork, and possible anicles on these and other subjects. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE ISSUE SIXTEEN· Swnmcr 1987 Helen Wal10 • Poem: Vls1ons in a Oudcn • Virion Qucn • Fini Flow • lnilutlon Lctmina in !he Wilderness • Chciolcec Challcngi: - -Valuing Tn:ca" ~LJAH JOURNAL ISSUE FOUR SUMMER 1984 ISSUE El<lHTESN - Winier 1987-88 Water Dnlm Water Quality • Kudzu . Sow Ech!'S¢ . Cl411'CU1ting Trout - Ooing to Wallu Ram Pwnps • MictQhydro · Poems: Bcnrut lee Sinclair. Jim Wayne Millet Vc:mamJlu Aichiiecllll1' DrCfnU m Wood and Stone - Mouniam Home Earth Energies EanJt.Shcllered Llving • Membrane Houses Brush Sheller • Poems: Octoll£r Ou•k • Oood Mcdlcinc: "Shella" lSSUE FIVE FALL 1984 IUNefl . OW Ways in Chctolcec - Oinscng 'luclcill' Waste • Our Celtic Heritage • Biorcgionalism: Past, Prcunt, and Futuro • John Wilnoty • Hc31ing Dllllcncss - Politiei of ISSUE NINETEEN · Spring. 1988 Pcrlcaodra C.nlen • Spring Toma Blucbcrrics WiWOowcr Gardens - Cranny Hi:rbalin • Flower Es~ -rbc Origin of 11¥: Animols· Stary Oood Mcdlcme. "Po,,.ct" Be ATn:e ParucipnllOn ISSUE SIX· WINTER 19114-SS Winier Solstice Eanh C=rnony • Ho11Cp3S1111c R1vcT Coming ol the Ught - Lo11 c.hin Rooca - Mountain Agra.:ul1urc: The Righi Crop WiUiAm Taylor The Fuwr" of the F~ ISSUE TWENTY - Summer, 1988 l'racrvc Appa!Khian WI.~ • Hlghbnds of Roan • ~lo Communuy - Land Trust • Arthur Morpn School Zonma Luue - '1'bc Ridge• • Farmers and the Farm Bill . Ooocl Mi:dicmc: "Land" • Mid Rain Dukc'J Pov.er PIAy • ChclOk.ec Microhydro Projoct lSSVE SEVEN · SPRING 1985 Sus1Jlinabl4 Economic$ · Hot Spring$ • Worker Owncnhip - The Cn:al Eeunomy - S~lf Help Credit Union • Wild Turby · Responsible lnvcsung · WQtbng"' tho Web of l..ifo lSSUE EIGHT · SUMMER 1985 Cclcbnuion: A W~y of Ufc • Kiuuah 18.000 Ycan Ago . SIK"Rd Siles Folk Ans "' the Schools Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle PO<lllls: Hilda Downe: - Chcralccc Heri1J1gc Cenlto:f • Who Owns Appaladua? ISSUE NINE- FALL 1985 The Waldcc l'orC1t The Trus Spuk Migrating Porests • Horu Logging Swting a Tree Crop· Urban TYCCS - Acom Bread - .Mylh ISSUE TWENTY.ONE · FAil. 198ll Ch4Stnu1.1: A 1'111Ural Histmy • Rt11or1t1g the Chulnut ·Poem of Prcsctva&IQO and Prai""• Continuing !he QuCSI • Forests and Wildlife Cllcsmuu in Reaional Diet Chu1nut Re.sources Hotb Note. • Oood Medicine: •Changes 10 Cmnc" - Review: W/lu41 uimdl Li~ 8IOREGIONAl.J0oRNAl OF ™E SOUTMERll APPA~IAN$ ISSUE ELEVEN SPRINO 1986 Community Planning • Cities and Ille Bi.mgional Vision • Recycling . Community Oindenlna· Flo)'d Counly. VA. Oasohol Two Biorcaional Views Nuclear Supplement Foar11c 011111C$ - Oood Medicine: Visions ISSUE FOURTEEN- W1111er 1986-&7 Uoyd Carl Owlc Boogcrs and Mununas - AD Species Day - Cabin Fever Un1vcrsil)' Homclcu in Ka1uah • HumCl!Ulde Ho1 War.c Siovcmatcr"1 N11tTa11ve • Cood Mcd1cmc: lnicnpcc= Communicallon ISSUETWENTY-'IWO-Wintcr. '88.S9 OlobaJ Wamnng • Fire Thi. Tune Thomu Bcny on ·sioreaio#J" - Eu1h Ellmi.sc • Kon: Loy McWhinu An Abundlnceof£mp1incss L£TS • Chton1clas of Floyd • Dany Wood lSSUETIURTEEN. Fall 1986 Ccn1er For Awakening- E11Wicth c.Jlm - A Ocn11., Du.th • Hospice - Emc.11 \foraan • Dcalin1 Crc•tively with Death • Home Burial Bo~ • The Wake - The Raven Mocker Wooclslorc and WIWwoods Wi<dcm - Good Medicine: Thai Sweat Uxfl:" ISSUE FIFTEEN -Spring 1987 Covcrlets • Wonu.n l'or-CSlct -Susie McMalwl Midw1(c • Ahemalivc Contraccpuon Bioscxualil}' • Biorcgional1SJJ1 and Women Ooocl Modicme: MJllriachuial Cultuni • ~ ISSUE TWENTY-TIIR.E.E ·Spring. 1989 Pisgah VUlaac · Plmcl At! - Orccn City Poplar Appeal "Clcu Sky" • "A N"w E.vtl1" Bbc:lr. Swan - Wild Lovdy Ou-µ • Rov1c:w1: Soucd Land. Sacud Sa, Ir• "'" - Poem: truavtes . The a-Chin T111111 ISSUE TEN - WINTER 1985°86 Kate Roac:s - Circlet of S101111 • ln1cmal Mythmaltilt& • Hoh•lic Hco.ling on Trial Poems: Sieve Knaulh • MylhiQ PlacC$ • ~ Uk1ena·s Talc - Crysial Magic: • "On:.mspcaltina- ~U AH JOURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Mamie MuJler (704) 683-1414 Regular Membership........ SlO/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Conmoucor.....................S50/yr. Name Address City Area Code Summer, 1989 Enclosed is S ro give this ejf an extra bOost on State Phone Number "Sudden Tmirils" Zip l can be a local contact person for my area Back Issues Tssue it __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue 4# _ @ $2.50 = $_ _ rssue # _@ $2.50 = s__ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Complete Se1 (3-1 J , 13-16, 18-23) @ S35.00 = $_ _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 24, Summer 1989 Description An account of the resource The twenty-fourth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on peace in the mountains: settling controversies; a look at the Oak Ridge Reservation; and promoting peace through community building. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Judith Hallock, Patrick Clark, Richard Lowenthal, Heather Pittillo, Marnie Muller, Rob Messick, Will Ashe Bason, Marnie Muller, Milo Guthrie, Mary de La Valette, "kent," Jim Houser, Charles Rampp, and Melanie Bridges. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Deep Listening by David Wheeler.......3 Life in Atomic City by Judith Hallock.......5 Hiroshima Day 1989.......7 Direct Action! by Patrick Clark.......8 Planting a Tree of Peace.......9 Community Building and Peace by Richard Lowenthal.......10 Peacemakers: A Resource Listing.......11 Ethnic Survival.......14 Black Mountain Pairing Project.......15 "Battlesong": A Poem by Heather Pittillo.......16 Growing Peace in Cultures by Marnie Muller.......18 Review: The Chalice and the Blade.......20 Natural World News.......22 A Children's Page.......25 Drumming.......26 Events Calendar.......28 Webworking.......30 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Peace movements--Appalachian Region, Southern Community life Oak Ridge (Tenn.) Sister Cities North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Children's Page Community Ecological Peril Electric Power Companies Glossaries Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/cbf32695fba405c0cff45e3e9c54db62.pdf 616631b2f61e4f3060a633a13326ea4d PDF Text Text $1.50 ISSUE 25 FALL 1989 . for all things wild I ,.. �October 27, 1989 "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians: A Strategy for Survival" Owen Conference Center, University of ~orth Carolina Asheville A major conference bringing together scientists, educators, government land managers, and conservationists to speak about the condition of the Southern Appalachian habitat and the necessity to initiate new programs for habitat preservation and restoration to maintain the the southern diversity of life in mountains. For more information call (704) 251-6441 Registration: $20.00. October 28 October 28 "Wild in the Streets: The Feral Ball " "For All Things Wild" Warren Wilson College Swannanoa, NC Issues and strategy discussion among activists directed to arrive at means of restoring biological diversity in the Southern Appalachian region. Speakers: Reed Noss, Laura Jackson, Robert Zahner, Peter Kirby, Jamie Sayen, David Wheeler. Open discussion period. Registration: $5.00. For more info:, call (704) 298-3325 (Ext. 250). rock to the music of Grandmother and One Straw We call upon the spirits of the wild! Come costumed as one of our native mountain species - or to express your own wildest self! 8:00 pm. Location to be announced. Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �The Great Forcst ........................... 3 by Sam Gray Restoring the Old-Growth Forest........5 by Robert 'Zahner Regional Planning for Habitat Intcgrity................... 8 by Laura Jackson A Question o f Value ...................... 10 hy Dm·id Wheeler Closing the Gate on Forest Devastation ................ 12 by Anna Muir Poem: "Sparrow Hawk" ................. 13 by Julia NUlllllJJ/y Duncan A Place for Bears ......................... 15 An Interview with Dr. Michael Pelton Poem: "There Fell the Rain Healing" .. 16 by Annelinde Metzner Eastern Panther, Where Are You?...... 17 by Patrick Clarlr. Oak Decline ................................ 19 by Hetllher Blair People and Habitat ........................ 2 1 by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawart Perpetual Wild Sanctuaries ..............23 Natural World News..................... 24 Drumming ................................. 26 Living Green .............................. 29 Baner Fair................................. 30 (Natural) Resources ...................... 31 Events Calendar........................... 32 Webworking ............................... 34 1'"iirt. t 989 To sense what ls happening In the mountains, we begin by perceiving the Southern Appalachian region as an ongoing. functioning. organic euent. ..within the greater biosphere. We can then tdenUfy ourselves and our species In relation to It and sense our place within Its evolutionary history and cycles of renewal. From the perspective of the whole we are one species among many each \vith its own contribullon to make. each wilh its own demands for habitat. When there is a disturbance in the pattern of the whole. the effects even tu ally reach every inhabitant. Human beings have been here for very few of the millions of years the forest has been patiently growing within a dynamic balance. In recent times. our perception of these forests has often lacked wisdom and humility. resulting In actions destructive to our home. We can sense our relationship to the whole, but we will never be able to encompass It with our Intellect alone. We are in it and of it. This Is the Great Mystery of existence. Intuitively we can perceive this Mystery. We can revere It and celebrate lt. And by acting tn concert with the Life cycles, we can come to know It more fully. This knowing then leads us to respond. In thls issue of Katuah. we look at biodiversity and habitat ln the Southern Appalachian region and how they are being disrupted. Finding out about the current situation In Katuah prompts us to acuon--to speak out. protect. restore. Throughout the articles. it becomes apparent that to truly understand this region. we need to experience. acknowledge, and serve the region as a whole. -The Editors Biodiversity is defined by ecologist Recd Noss llS "a full complement of the native plant and animal species in their natural or normal patterns of abundance." Biodiversity is the foundation of evolution in any biorcgion. Habi tat is defined as an interdependent community of life that supports the various species that live within iL Habitat is the foundation of biodiversity. �STAFF THIS ISSUE: R.ichacd Lowenthal Christina Morrison James Rhea Manha Tree Rob Messick Mamie Muller Chip Smith David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Scott Bird Jack Chaney David Red Kim Sandland Heather Blair Sam Gray Marsha Ring Morgan Swann Thanks as well to Joe and Rhea and the Mountain Garden. We offer special thanks for the influence of Grandfather Mountain. COVER by James Rhea PUBLISHED BY; Ka11"1h Journal PRINTED BY; The Waynesville Mountaineer Press EDITORIAL OFFICE IBJS ISSUE: Globe Valley W&ITEUS AT: TELEPHONE; (704) 683-1414 Katt1ah Journal Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Diversity is an imponant clement of bioregional ecology, both nmwaJ and social. In line with this principle. the KatU/Jh Journal lrics to serve as a forum for the discussion of regional issues. Signed articles express only the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily the opinions of lhe Ka1Uah Journal editors or staff. The Internal Revenue Service has declared KatU/Jh a non-profit organization under section 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. All contributions to KatU/Jh arc deductible from personal income tax. 'LNVOCA.TWN Do you think you can take over the universe and improve it? I do not believe it can be done. The universe is sacred. You cannot improve it. If you try to change it, you will ruin it. If you try to hold it, you will lose it. -from imsage 29. Tao Te Ching attributed to Lao Tzu ™E SOUTHERN APPALACillAN BIOREGION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turrie Island; a small bur growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of rhar geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of 1miversal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name "Kaufoh" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the nonh; thefoorhills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the south; and the Tennessee River Valley ro the west. The editorial priorities for us are to co/leer and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this region, and to foster the awareness rhar the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is a way ro insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a " do or die " situation in terms ofa quality standard of life/or all living beings on this planet. As a voice/or the caretakers ofthis sacred land, Kac-Uah, we advocate a centered approach to rhe concept ofdecentralization. It is our hope to become a support system/or those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation ofharmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent information, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes that Kac-Uah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. -The Editors f"~U.. 1989 �It may be that s.ome little rcx:::>t of the sacred tree still lives. "-lou-ish it then, that it may leof and bloom and fill with singing birds. - Q,lock Elk Until recent time a great inland forest overlay the eastern ponion of Nonh America-a continuous biologic fabric extending from Nova Scotia to Alabama, west along the tributaries of the Mississippi, and boundaried in the east by the pine barrens and lowland marshes of the coastal plain. This forest had its origins in an ancient circumpolar forest system that dominated the temperate zones of Asia, Europe and Nonh America in the Eocene epoch of the Teniary Period (50 million years B.P. [Before Present]) when the continents were closer together. In spite of the intervening continental drift, successive ice ages and vast chasms of time, there remain, to this day, striking botanical linkages in the existing forest remnants of these continents. This is panicularly evident in genera such as Acer (maples), Panax (ginseng), Cory/us (hazels}, Populus (poplars), Cornus (dogwoods), and Rhododendron. (continued on ncxl page) f'ca!t. t 989 Ji:.ati&ah Jo\lrnQL p1i9e 3 �(continued &om page 3) The vast inland forest of Eastern America was geophysically dominated by the long spine of the Appalachian Mountains which determined the Forest's biological stTucture and diversity. Contemporary references to what remains of this forest employ terms such as "mixed mesophytic", "eastern hardwood" or "temperate deciduous" to describe it. For purposes of this essay, acknowledging its extent, its ancient origins, its astounding diversity and resilience, its immense productive capacity, and its profound effect on various human populations over the past 10,000 years, it will be telllled "The Great Forest". When ecologists first began attempting to describe temperate forest ecosystems, they developed the model of succession and climax growth. This model, describes a developing forest that is undergoing a series of stages in which pioneer plant communities and their associated fauna colonize the area and are then replaced by successor communities of larger trees until a forest of dominant trees, known as the "climax forest" establishes a stable equilibrium. This climax old gTOwth would cominue until some "disturbance" such as fire, disease, climate change or human impact takes out the climax community and the succession cycle begins again. The succession-climax model is a useful one for understanding the ecology of the Great Forest. It helps us to recognize the importance and relative stability of old growth forests and it describes how biotic communities in a forest maintain and transform themselves over time as they respond to discontinuities and disturbances, panicularly those caused by humans. The first humans in the Great Forest were nomadic gatherer/hunter groups who arrived after the last glaciation some 10,000 years B.P. These groups ranged over many thousands of acres of oak-chestnut climax growth as well as other forest biomes and while their impact on the forest was small by contemporary standards, it was nonetheless important. Fire was the principal instrument of ecologic change and was to remain so even into recent rimes. By 1900, the only remaining large boundary of the original Great Forest lay in Katuah - the Southern Appalachian highlands. Within two decades that too was gone. Seventeenth century Europeans observed and commented on the burnings. "The savages," wrote Thomas Morton, "are accustomed to set fire of the country in all places where they come and to burne it twize a year, viz: at the spring and the fall of the leafe." The purpose of the burnings was no less than ecosystem management: facilitation of travel, augmentation of browse area for game, encouragement of desirable herbage such as blackberry. raspberry, and cenain grasses. the increase of mast-producing trees Uke oak and chesmut on the drier, warmer soils of a burn area, and the destruction of vermin and pests such as fleas. Selective burning by the lndfans promoted a mosaic quality in the forest ecosystem and created areas in many different stages of succession wilh extensive boundary areas and a greater variety of game and plant habitats - a phenornonen ecologists refer to as the "edge effect". Thus the Indians practiced their own subtle kind of forest management and husbandry. So subtle in fact, as to be undetected in early European descriptions of the Great Forest. When 17th and l 8rh century promoters of North American real estate extolled the "natural" abundance of the land, they were unaware that they were describing an ecosystem that the natives had been shaping for thousands of years. Other imponant aspects of the complex relationship between the Great Forest and its native inhabitants escaped the notice of the Europeans. As William Cronon points out in his masterful ecological history of New England, Changes in the Land, a central fact of temperate forest ecosystems is their periodicity. The overlapping cycles of light, dark, long days, short days, waxing/waning of the moon, the flow of sap, the rurting of deer, spawning of fish, the matings of turkey, bear and frog, the fruiting of plants and the migration of birds... these and myriad other contrapuntal rhythms of the Great Forest's energy cycles were understood and celebrated by the natives. Their own life rhythms of seasonal nomadism, work, ritual and play were evolved from the greater cycles of the forest . The European immigrants' experience of natural cycles, on the other hand, had been filtered for over a millenium through a culture offixed abodes and a social hierarchy that discouraged nomadism as well as wilderness. It is in the context of the periodic cycles of the forest that Native American spirituality can best be understood. The Indians did not attempt to manipulate, through magic and ritual, these cycles to their own ends and were often confounded or amused by the imprecatory prayers of the whites seeking the blessings of good harvest and fortune from an awesome and distant god. Rather, their own spiritual practices were designed to attune and inform themselves to the subtleties of the forest's cycles. The anthropologist Bronislow Malinowski recognized this when he wrote in Myth and Primitive Psychology, "Magic never originated; it never was created or invented. All magic simply was from the beginning, as an essential adjunct to all those things and processes which virally interested man (sic)." The natives inhabited an animated forest world that was alive unto its fanhest recesses with seen and unseen powers. Their task - the task of mind - was to so organize themselves as to develop understanding of and consonance with these powers. When Europeans began to arrive at the Great Forest of North America in sufficient numbers by the mid-17th century, they were not disposed to recognize the animated universe that sustained the natives. They could not or would not see the forest that the natives knew, nor could they recognize the subtlety and intelligence behind the Indians usage of the forest as habitat, susraining process, and sacred ground. The European immigrants faced the Great Forest with a conflicting array of perceptions and attitudes. The forest was at once a threat and an opportunity. The dominant sentiment in regard to the forest was that it was an enormous commodity. Coming from lands long divested of forests held in common, the right to extract and expon timber almost at will was an overwhelming prospect 10 early entrepreneurs. Wood was the main raw material for residential and commercial building on both sides of the Atlantic, but it was even more in demand as an energy source. Seventeenth and eighteenth century industries in metallurgy, glass making and ceramics required enormous amounts of wood for firing furnaces and for charcoal. Individual household consumption was also extraordinary by european standards. Peter Kalm, a Swedish naturalist visiting colonial eastern America in 1749 wrote," an incredible amount of wood is really squandered in this country for fuel..." As early as 1640, Boston was experiencing wood fuel shortages and most major New England and mid-Atlantic settlements were soon to follow. foll, 1989 �The principal commodity that the Great Forest represented to the E.uropeans was the land itself. Their original concepts of real propeny were derived from the manorial system of feudal Europe and can be ascenained by reviewing the terms or the Royal Charter to the Massachusetts Bay Company: "To have to houlde possess and enjoy the aforesaid continent, lands, territories, islands, hereditaments and precincts, seas, waters, fishings, with all and all manner their commodities, royalties, libenies, prehemynences, and profitts that should thenceforth arise from chcncc, with all and singular their appunances and every pane and parccll thereof unto the said councell and their successors and assigns for ever." The comprehensive, medieval, abstract quality of these early claims underwent an evolution as they passed through the lexicon of 17th and 18th century New World institutions, but the focus on "commodities, royalties, liberues and profitts" never changed. What also wen1 unchanged, leading to countless misunderstandings and much bloodshed, was the European assumption of the sovereignty of propeny rights granted through 'legal' title 10 Land. To the natives, the notion that parcels of land could be considered commodities, bought and sold like cattle, boundaried, possessed, 'improved', divided and sold again or transferred to heirs was absurd. For them, land tenure was a function of usage and usage was linked 10 the mobility that was a central part of the strategy of resource management based on periodicity. The Indian villages moved from habitat to habitat to find maximum abundance with minimal work and reduced impact on the land while the Europeans, in fixed abodes on their titled propeny, worked long hard days 10 intensively farm or 'improve' land with the eventual result being ecological degradation. It was the concept of 'improvements' - replacing forest with fields and pasture and the building of sheds, barns and homes - that soon became the colonial justification for dispossessing the natives. A people who moved around on the land and worked it so lillle could have no justifiable claim to possess it. There were plenty of references in the bible and in Calvinist theology to back up such a sentimenL The unimproved forest with its native inhabitants was eventually seen as an affront to progress, and Christian community. r"u, t 989 With God's backing the righteous began to exterminate or conven the savages and 'improve' the Great Forest out of existence. The decimation of the Great Forest proceeded in two fairly distinct historical phases - the first, occurring in the colonial period and lasting until about 1850, can be termed pre-capitalist. It was characterized by the deforestation patterns of an agricultural economy. The best land was cleared for field crops and pasture. Commercial extrnction of timber for energy or wood products was confined to terrain accessible by human/animaJ power. The second phase was indusoial/capitalist and it continues to the present day. Utilizing machinery, organized capital, and cheap local labor, the forest was harvested to satisfy national and international timber demands. As habitat for the incredible diversity of wild plants and creawres was impoverished, fonunes were amassed by men far away who were never required to look upon the devastation. By 1900, the only remaining large boundary of the original Great Forest lay in Katuah - 1he Southern Appalachian highlands. Within two decades 1ha1 too was gone. As humans, we have known the forest in many ways - as home, as sustenance, as sacred ground, as repose, as commodity, as teacher, as refuge. Our species is only now realizing the extent of its power 10 diminish the radiance of the Great Forest. We are beginning to understand a glimmer of what was... for we were once forest-dwellers. Today there is an archetype becoming known in the human spirit ...of regeneration. There is an embryonic recognition of what we have lost and of what we must restore. We cannot continue as we have done. The forest calls 10 us to come back, for our own sake and for the sake of all our relations dwelling therein. The quotation from Black Elk that begins this essay captures this hope for us when he speaks of the roots of the Sacred Tree the Tree of Life. The Sacred Tree, a universal symbol of regeneration of both the human spirit and of the Earth, nourishes our memory to recall that though the Great Forest has been felled, it cannot and will not ever leave us. wriuen by Sam Gray plU>co ofJoyce Kilmer Memorial Forest on page 3 by larry Tucker x.at.Uah JounuiL p!UJ• s �Restoring the Old-Growth Forest by Robert Zahner A thing is right when it rends to preserve the inregriry, stabi/iry, and beauty of rlze biotic community. Ir is wrong when it tends otherwise. - AldD Leopold (I 949) We stand at the threshold of a great decision. We are on the verge of re-defining the importance of our mountain landscape, its natural habitats, and the Life forms they support. Science has shown tha1 such habitats are vi1al to planetary life support systems where natural communities of interdependent plants and animals can maintain reservoirs of biological diversity. When extensive logging destroyed the primeval fores1s of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, a critical factor for biodiversity, habitat continuity over large areas, was eradicated. During the century between 1830 and 1930 forest clearing and burning ravaged native bio1ic communities and terminated unknown numbers of plant and animal species. Habitats were fragmented, and many surviving endemic species were left in smaU, isolated communities. ln the first quaner of the twentieth century the Southern Appalachian National Forests were established as watershed preserves. Federal conservation policies permined many forest habitats to begin the natural process of restoring themselves. This regrowth ecosystem, or second generation forest, was similar to the original primeval forest only in that it still contained most of the original plant and animal species. Today, after 60 to 80 years of recovery, the new forest is still maturing, still unfolding its species composition as new niches are created in the complex progression toward what modem ecologists term an "old-growth forest." But it still has a long way to go to reach biological maturity. There is now the potential to restore a diversity of species that would resemble the old primeval forest. There is also the danger, because of present National Forest management plans, of losing much of the restoration already gained. The United States Forest Service (USFS), administered by foresters who are highly competent timber managers, interprets the Congressional Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of 1960 with a strong bias toward harvesting commercially mature timber. The Act states implicitly, however, that al/ resources of the Notional Forests ore to be managed for sustained yield. Other acts of Congress go on to define natural diversity as a vital resource of 1he public lands, and mandate that this resource shall be maintained through habitat preservation. This paper is written with the intent of furthering public knowledge of this important environmental issue. Three Levels of Diversity lo the despoilment and fragmentation of the original forest, three levels of diversity were either destroyed or placed in jeopardy: ( l) genetic diversity within species, (2) species diversity within habitats, and (3) habitat Xatium Jo~rrmt P"9e 6 diversity within landscapes. We have no record of how many species were irretrievably lost, but 1oday we are beginning co count the numbers that are presently endangered and threatened with extinction. Let us consider how lhese three types of diversity are essential for a healthy bioregion, and how all three can be restored as the new forest grows toward biological maturity. Genetic Diversity: A great many species counted as rare today could again become more abundant if we allow natural biotic processes to evolve unmolested. For example, in the forest of today the mountain gentian plant (Gentiana decora Pollard)_grows singly or in small colonies in damp, rich wooded habitats, generally isolated from other members of the species by unsuitable habitats. Gentians are pollinated by several rypes of inseclS who are able to cross-fertilize separate colonies of the plant. Thus, if undisturbed by human activity, pollen exchange will increase genetic diversity within the gentian species over an ever-increasing area of 1he mountain landscape. This renewed generic vitality is critical to the future well-being of the species, as human-caused environmental changes continue to force all forms of life to adapt to such stresses as aunospheric pollution and accelerated climatic warming. The same situation is true for literally thousands of species of plants and animals throughout the mountains. Each example f"~U.. t989 �requires its own special sening, but the common theme is natural balance. An endemic terresual mole salamander, Ple1ho<k>n1ordani, is a highly significant insectivore in the world beneath the leaf litter of a mature hardwood forest. This salamander requires large areas of ~ontinuous forest cover to afford geneuc n11gra11on among populations. Thus. when the cwopy overhead is fragmented or removed. breeding populat!ons of this animal disappear to reco.,,er only w11h the re-establishment or the mature hardwood fores t. Many species of reptiles. amphibians, and anhropods w11h limited mobi:ity have similar requirements for genetic exchange. Conditions that promote generic diversity arc essential so each species can adapt and evolve, panicularly in light of the accelerating environmental changes expected in the next century. Species Diversity: The next scale of diversity is that of species within habitats. This is often misinterpreted by federal land managers to mean "the greatest number of differe nt species for each given unit of land." It is well kno wn that the na tural succe ssio n of weed y species occupying disturbed sites provides a wealth of diversity in te rms of to tal numbe rs. The Southern Appalachian Mountains today abound w ith disturbed sites, the result of Jar.d clearings, road bui lding, comme rc ial and reside ntial development, forest c learcuuing, agricultural activity, and wildfires. Therefore. the weedy plants and small animal species that characterize early succession habitats are most commo n throughout lhe region. But what about species diversity in other habitats once prevalent in the primeval forest? Two hundred years ago a north-facing site at 3,SOO feet elevation in the Blue Ridge Mountains would likely have supported a mature oversrory of 20 or more tree species, with many large trees over 200 years old. The midstory would have been composed of perhaps 20 or more species of smaller trees of all ages, from reproduction saplings fillin1 canopy pps to very old species adapted to live out their lives in the shade. Many tree species, such as basswood (TUia ~rerophylla VcnL), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), buncmut (J1111lans cinera L.), mountain maple (Acer spicatum Lam.), mountain winterbcny (Ila mofllana T . and G.), ycllowwood (Cladrastis kentulcea Rudd), and, of course, American chestnut (Castanea delllQta Borich.). were more common in this ancient foresr lhan they are today. Shrub spec ies were numerous, and carpeting !he ground in many places were large colonies of painted trillium (Trillum undulatum Willd.), baneberry (Actaea pachypoda Ell.), do g-tooth violet (Eryrhronium americum Ker.), um brella-leaf (Diphylleia cymosa Michaux). jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisema triphyllum Schott.), and many fem species. Rotting logs provided substrate and micro-habitats for many S1>ecies of fungi. mosses. splecnwons. and all the attendant invertebrate and small vertebrate animals that were essential to the health of the entire larger community. The large trees. living and dead. provided food, shelter, and breeding situations for many birds and other venebrate animals that require a biologically mature. undisturbed. mixed hardwood forest habitat. The mature forest was a dynamic biotic community that f'Q{L, t989 supported a large array of interdependent species. !'\one of the plants or animals mentioned above is exceptionally rare today. although a number of today's threatened or endangered species. such as the small whorled pogonia (lsotria medeoloides Rafinesque), could well have been present in such a habitat. The particular corn/Jination of these species. however, taken together as a functionmg ecosystem. is today a rare occurrence. What species m ight be present on such a site today'! Following the indiscriminate logging and burning at the the tum of the century, conditions were so severely altered that the second-grow t h forest now consists typically of a mixture of 60 to 80 year o ld oaks and hickones, with perhaps fewer than 10 other tree species. More prominent today are the m1d-successional species: yellow poplar (liriendendron tulip/era L.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobw L .), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L .). sourwood (Oxydendron a rboreum L.), sassafras (Sassafras albidum Nee s.), and stump sprouts o f Americ an chestnut. Scauercd individuals of most of the original species are also present, but the species composition is so drastically altered that the highland forest is typically c lassified as ~oalc-hiclcory" ralher than "mixed hardwoods." Large cavity trees arc rare. The large decomposing logs that typify biologically mature habitat are largely absent from today's regrowth forests.The number of undcrstory and ground cover species are now reduced, retaining those that thrive on disturbance, such as species of berries (Vaccinium and Gaylussacia) and rhododendron. Early succession habitat caused by human disturbance is the only habitat type that is well-represented on the second level of biodiversity, the diversity of species within habitats. But the forest communities are slowly maturing, and species enric hment is occurring gradually in those habitat s that arc left undisturbed. Biologically mature habitats, or old-growth mixed hardwood forests, are again a possibility within the next century. Just as genetic diversity within a species is e ssential for adaptation for survival in a changing enviro nme nt, so spec ies d iversity with in a habitat is essent ial for the whole community of interdependent plants and animals to meet the demands of evolution. The future of those species combinations best adapted to old, mature hardwood forest communities depends on the integrity of the entire habitat. Habitat Divers ity: Differentiation on the third level of biological d iversity, that of habitat diversity in the regional landscape, has also been gradually emerging in the Southern Appalachian Mountains throughout the second half of this century. The national forest-; provide large, contiguous blocks of forest area. which, if they continue to be left und1stur_bed. ha~e the potential to mature into a mosaic of diverse forest habitats, each accommodating its own composition of species, and all together making provision for the genetic diversity essential for species evolution. The key requirement for this regional diversity lies in maintaining a continuity of undisturbed habitats across the landscape. Disconnected habitats that are left to mature as isolated fragments cannot serve as more than small rcfugia for generic material. Such limitation confines ecnetic variation within the boundaries of each of these tiny habi1a1 areas and restricts the potential for evolution to respond to future changes in the cnvironmenL The current policy of national forest management is to accommodate landscape diversity by pwcscrving fragments of old growth stands dispersed throughout a landscape that is predominantly even-aged st~nds .of commercially valuable tree species wnh provisions for a few important species of game animals. This concept of diversity is analogous to the preservation of species in arboretu ms. bota nical gardens, and zoos. Cen ainl y a bead-lily (Clinronia borealis Raf.) in a cultivated garden has lost most of its wild "lily-ness," because a wildflower removed from its natural habitat is no longer serving its role as a strand in the web of life. In like manner, a fragment of old-growth forest preserved in a landscape of managed young forests has lost its essential nature, as it is no longer a pan of the web of biological e volution in the region its generic material serves. At the level of habitat diversity. just as at the two lower levels. the ability or an entire bioregion to adapt and survive environmental change depends on the diversity of its natural habitats. The greater the number of mature �REGIONAL PLANNING FOR HABITAT INTEGRITY by Laura E. Jackson Laura Jackson is the author of the study Mountain Treasures at Risk: The Future of the Southern Appalachian National Forests, a comprehensive overview and critique of the US Forest Service's Land and Resource Managemem Plans for the six national forest areas of the Southern Appalachians. Laura is completing graduate work at the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Duke University. She wrote the sllldy in cooperation with Peter Kirby, regional director, and other staff members of the Southeast Regional Office of the Wilderness Society under a Stanley Fellowship grant The book is published and made available by the Wilderness Society. Mountain Treasures at Risk is an excellent resource for anyone who is concerned about habitat i11 the Sowhem Appalachians. The text is clear a11d to the point. The graphs and tables are pleasing to the eye and revealing in their content. Forest issues are de-mystified in a way that only someone with a clear comprehension of the dynamics involved could articula1e. 8111, most of all, Laura Jackso11's suuiy is invaluable because it is wriuen by someone with no ves1ed economic or poli1ical in1eres1 in 1he Appalachian public lands b111 rather by someone with 011ly the interests of 1hefores1 01 liean. The book talks in a straigluforward way about tlie effects 011 the forest of below-cost timber sales, over-roading, and the i11equities i11 budget and emphasis show11 i11 Forest Service management programs. The swdy co11clt1des with guidelines/or managing the Sowhern Appalachian 11a1ional fores ts 10 protect wild la11ds a11d the biological diversity they harbor, meet recreatio11al and aesthetic demands, and restore the forest 1wilo1. 011 page one of Mountain Treasures at Risk the report states that the two major flaws i11 the Forest Service ma11ageme111 approach is the agency's emphasis 011 commodity ex1ractio11from the mow11ai11forests Olld their failure to recog11ize the Somhern Appalachia11s as a regional habitat system (in other words, a bioregio11). /1 says, 'This report is the only ctunulative analysis to dote to examine the Forest Service's plaru for thil unique nwumuin environment." This is true. Many t/1a11ks. In the following article Laura Jackso11 explains further the differences in understanding that result from viewing the Ka11'iah provi11ce a11d its disti11ctive habitats as a whole, rather than breaking it into administrative pieces.... ·DW Mountain Treasures at Risk is available at M charge by writing to tht Wilderness Society Southeast Regional Office at 1819 Peachtru St. NE; Atlanta, GA 30309. (Jlowevtr, consider making a volU11tary donation. Tht reference is wt// worth It.) >C.at i'.&ah Journat paqe 8 T he fragmentation of Souther n Appalachian habitat is the familiar result of a utilitarian value system that prizes goods production and consumption over a healthy relationship with our land. Forest managers ask how their stands can fulfill national timber quotas. State governments ask if thei r wilderness fragments arc sufficient to satisfy recreational demand. But their questions are framed within self-imposed limits of vision that reach only to the orderly edges of administrative boundaries. Consequently, they are too narrow in scope to address what arc now the most critical issues. In this age of dwindling native populations, dying mountaintops, and other large-scale ecological catastrophes, we must adopt a broad regional perspective in order to evaluate and implement essential environmental solutions. The regional framework provides a logical context by which to approach land management decisions. The natural expanse of an ecosystem (like a prairie, desert, or mountain range) with its local resources, indigenous populations. and traditional activities, can suggest environmentally appropriate patterns of growth and development. Requiring collaboration among public agencies and private owners, the regional perspective is gaining support around the world as the solution to maintain ecological systems and the integrity of the human/environment relationship. As the dominant land manager in the Southern Appalachians, the US Forest Service is in a position to best exemplify the philosophy of regional stewardship. Currently, however, the agency is under extensive criticism for its unimaginative, homocentric planning and management techniques. The Forest Service conuols approx:imatcly three million acres in six Southern Appalachian national forests. Despite the contiguity of these lands, each national forest is administered as a separate unit. Staff vision and authority stop at the legal boundaries. As a result, individual forest planners have set inconsistent standards for managing shared animal populations, lost opportunities to protect roadlcss areas that straddle state lines, and purposefully altered rare habitat in order to incroduce elements already common on adjacent private lands. In the Katuah province, towns and private inholdings comprise about half of the acreage within official national forest boundaries. These lands support agriculture, industrial forests, developed and roaded recreation, and other human-altered environments. Consequently they have attracted hardy, invasive wildlife that thrives in modified senings and displaces native mountain species. A crucial role of federal stewardship, therefore, is to promote natural habitat continuity as a public investment in biological diversity, clean air and water, and the Southern Appalachian wild native heritage. A satellite's-eye view of the Southern Appalachian Mountains shows the Appalachian public lands as a green island standing alone above lowlands crowded with human beings and the products of their ac1ivi1ies. This mountainous ecosystem of tremendous natural beauty and scientific importance is also in increasing demand as a source for consumptive supplies. A closer look would show public forests fragmented by private inholdings, development spreading across newly-cleared hillsides, and wildlands straining under increased resource use. Yet, to date, the core of the Southern Appalachian habitat survives relatively intact. Invisible from overhead, yet just as real in its effects on the highland forests, is the administrative fragmentation that further stresses the region's habitats. Southern Appalachian forests fall under the jurisdictions of five state governments, as many federal agencies, and dozens of counties with differing objectives for the use of their mountain commodities. Countless private corporations also make decisions based on their own perceived interests in the resources of the Ka1uah province. The accumulated effects of numerous land-use decisions made in the isolation of corporate boardrooms, federal office buildings, and the offices of county or state agencies threaten 10 mortally fragment Katuah's natural systems and desuoy their ecologi.cal functions. If the administering agencies could view the mountain region from the viewpoint of our imaginary satellite hovering above, their perspective and consequently their management priorities might be changed: • From overhead, it is clear that the Southern Appalachians are a biological island, the last remaining large block of forest habitat in the southeast. Many areas can contribute to the regional and national timber supply, most of them better than these steep mountain forests. But where better can we look for wilderness, and the shady, moist storehouses of undiscovered ecological value? • The region's remote ridgelines and pristine streams constitute rare wildland linkage opponunities for migration, genetic exchange, and the daily roamiogs of wide-ranging mammals. These travelways could also extend to wildlands in the Central Appalachians to the north, and perhaps south into the Florida peninsula as well, to ensure strong, adaptable populations of black bear, mountain lion, and other large predators. Broad corridors connecting natural habitat areas along the length of 1hc Appalachian range would serve as ecological escape routes in cases of severe environmental stress, whether of human or natural origin. rau. 19e9 �•The Appalachians are the headwaters of all the great rivers east of the Mississippi. If streams and rivers are not pure at their origins, they can never be clean anywhere along their length. The expanses of forest that cover the green mountains are also a fountainhead of valuable oxygen in an increasingly polluted armospherc. • A regional perspective would correct the misconception that each national forest should provide the public with equivalent proportions of all resources. The southeast supports an abundance of cleared fields, thickets or young "pioneer" trees, and the understory plants and animals associated with early successional habitats. However, areas of contiguous, remote forest and old-growth comrrunities are precious and rare. Species plentiful in one nationaJ forest might be uncommon everywhere else; therefore these should be preserved at the expense of more ordinary forest uses. • Research priorities and resource inventories also attain broader significance when framed in a regional perspective. State wildlife officials and federal land managers currently repon environmental characteristics in terms of acres, head counts, and dollars. Such data arc easily tabulated and readily available by state and ownership category. Yet these quantitative measures fail to capture the more comprehensive information that is critical 10 effective habitat management Ta!L, 1989 • To ensure that resource u1ili7.ation docs not deplete an ecosystem's natural variety, managers must monitor across the landscape. They must mitigate the encroachment or common edge habitat into the diminishing forest interior. They must delineate and protect multi-state blocks of continuous forest and migration pathways. Responsible stewardship also requires improved biodiversity measurements, the promotion of ecologically rich old-growth stands, and the restoration of degraded lands. These and other research objectives necessitate inter-agency cooperation. working relationships with private landowners, and a more holistic view of the natural environment and our relationship to it. The responsibility for regional planning docs not lie solely with public agencies. Farmers, industrial foresters. university administrators, even individual homeowners must ask how their lands contribute to the environmental landscape. Particularly those who profit financially from Katuah's natural features - the outfitters, resort managers. and members of the entertainment and service sectors that surround public lands - should suive to maintain the integrity of the regional environment both as a business investment and as a means to compensate the land for its free use. Private landowners can do a great deal to strengthen the vitality of the region by managing their land to help reconnect the broken pieces. The time has come for landowners and managers to acknowledge their shared responsibility for environmental stewardship. We can no longer afford to view properties as discrete units unto themselves. to be modified, unadvised, by their current legal authorities. Businesses, families, and public agencies arc but temporary guardians of many tiny pieces of the Eanh. Yet the natural processes that permit our physical survival, as well as foster creative imagery and inspiration, besr operate unconstrained by anificaJ divisions. In order to maintain for the future the fundamental life-support systems of humans and other species, we must begin to counter the legacy of fragmentation with a commitment to environmental unity. We must explore land uses that do not deplete the Eanh's suitability for the other life forms with whom we exist. We must instill a deep appreciation for nature and natural processes in our schoolchildren. We must not insist on using. viewing, or populating every available surface, so that truly wild expanses may sustain the large animals who suffer in our presence. Much to their credit, federal agencies in the Southern Appalachians arc now experimenting with cooperative management programs. These require our encouragment and participation. Ccnainly sacrifices of power, pride, and privacy will be necessary to restore our suffering environment Yet their significance wanes beside the tangible and spiritual rewards of a cooperative survival mission never before attempted and never more important. x.atfulh Journm pCUJe 9 �A Question of Value by David Wheeler The decades between 1880 and 1920 were the years of the timber barons in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. This was the great "logging boom," in which virtually all the first-growth, "virgin" forest was cut off the Appalachian slopes. Fortunes were made during those years, but the money did not stay in the mountains. The wealth went to the corporate magnates and investors in the eastern cities and in Europe. When the ravishing of the Appalachian forests was completed, the big companies headed for greener forests to the west, and the local people were left with a strong dependency on the wage-earning system and without the means to support it. Today the old-growth forest, the first forest, is gone, but the view that the forest is a collection of resources, there for the use and benefit of human beings still underpins our basic attitudes and policies toward the Appalachian woodlands. The US Forest Service exemplifies that attitude. Their policies and priorities suue plainly that they consider the growing of hardwood timber to be the fir.a purpose of the Southern Appalachian national forest land. In the Jefferson National Forest in Virginia, two-thirds of the Forest Service budget goes into timber-cutting and road-building, which is directly tied to logging operations. In the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forest, 40% of the budget is allocated to timber and roads. Beyond that, a good portion of the adminis1rative budget (which comprises 25% of the overall budget and is tallied separately) also goes to overseeing timbering and road-building operations. Only 3.4% of the NantahalaPisgah's annual budget goes to monitoring and providing for the needs of wildlife. The road-building that logging operations demand is the most expensive and damaging of all the activities carried on by the Forest Service. This is particularly true in the southern mountains where the slopes are steep and highly erosive (see page 12). The justification for this continued environmental destruction and human intrusion into remote habitat areas is the familiar "jobs and money" refrain. Much ado is made of the timber shortage that would result if unconstrained logging in the national forests were to be stopped. Timber industry lobbyists declare 1ha1 old-growth forest is wasteful, that there is already more than enough land set aside for habitat, and argue against evidence that shows a forest diminishing in native diversity and threatened in its ability to provide the clean water and air that help to nourish life on the planet. Unhappy over the timber quotas set in the Forest Service's Land and Resource Management Plans for the National Forests in the Southern Appalachians, the timber interests demanded, and won, an agreement from the Forest Service to sponsor a timber demand study, thinking that would give them leverage to XQt\mh Journc:i! pa9e 10 Phoro by Roo Musick/Profea Ligltthawt further increase the Forest Service's emphasis on timber cutting. The result was the "Southern Appalachian Timber St udy" prepared by a team of researchers headed by J. Edward de Steiguer of the Forest Service's Southeastern Experiment Station. The repon exploded like a bombshell onto the environmental scene. First, rather than verifying a strong demand for hardwood lumber from the National Forests, che repon found that the prices offered had actually been decreasing over the last decade! . And, rather 1han showing that the Nauonal Forests were making an important contributi?n co the region's timber output, che report pointed out that che National Forests contribute only 10 percem of the regional timber supply. And this 10 percent is largely wood of poor quality, used mostly for making pallets and boxes, but also for railroad ties, mine props plywood, chipboard, and finally paper pulp. A portion of the better-quality hardwoods are used as veneer woods and in the manufacturing of furniture, decorative trim, and hardwood floorin~, but the study mentioned in passing that a growing percentage of best hardwoods were being exported out of che country 10 buyers overseas! The Forest Supervisor's office in Asheville, NC stated that only 700 jobs throughout the North Carolina mountains were directly relating to timber harvesting in the national forests. In rhe Ka111ah province only rwo counties, Graham and Swain, are dependent on logging in the national forest as an important pan of their overal I economies. But the forest, like anything that lives, is much greater than the sum of its parts. The cash price of the standing timber is a paltry amount compared to the true worth of the forest. How could one appraise the rich diversity of life in Karuah, unequalled in the temperate zones of the world? We can on.ly be grateful for the priceless blessings of dark soil, pure water, and clean air. We cannot calculate the inestimable value of the fragile quality of wholeness. There has been much controversy lately about clearcutting and the methods by which timber is cut in the National Forests. However, as biologist Glenda Zahner has said, in the face of the perceived dangers to the survival of the whole Appalachian habitat it appears that the question is not how timber is taken, but whether timber should be cut at all in the Southern Appalachian narional forests. Well-known are the infamous national forest "below-cost timber sales" that have come to light in the past few years. These are sales in which the expense of the wood, site access and preparation, and the administrative management of rhe sale are not covered by the price received in the sale con1rac1. Thus, the Forest Service has actually lost money selling timber in many pans of the country, including the Southern Appalachians. Figures collected for 1987 from the six National Forests in the Southern Appalachians (including the Pickens Ranger District of the Sumter National Forest in South Carolina) show that the Forest Service lost $5.5 million dollars in that one year alone from their disastrous timber policies. Below-cost timber sales constitute an unauthorized hand-out 10 the lumber interests from the agency • and thus from the US taxpayers. The $5.5 million deficit from one year of clearcutting the forest could pay 275 of those 800 working timber-related jobs in the North Carolina national forests one year's salary of $20,000 to leave the forests uncut and to protect them as viable and living habicats. The succeeding generation of trees that replaced those carried away during the great Appalachian lumber rush are now reaching 60 to 80 years of age. The trees are approaching sawlog girth and soon their growth rate will begin to slow. This is the age of economic maturity (not to be confused with biological YaU.1989 �• maturity, which is anywhere between 200 and 500 years of age). This is a critical decision point in our policy-making: is the forest to be set back to the staning point again, or is it to be allowed to continue on toward the old-~wth stage to provide optimal habitat for the native foresr species? The Forest Service has made its position clear. On page 33, de Steiguer's "Southern Appalachian Timber Study" said, "From 1977 to 1986, the National Forests progressively increased the harvest volume of all stumpage products except softwood pulpwood. Real prices fell during the same period. In fact, the price lines are pracrically a mirror image of the volw11e lines." The report showed that the rate of timber cutting in the Southern Appalachian National Forests doubled from 63 million board feet in 1977 to 126 million board feet in 1986, even as prices were declining. Wise business practice would suggest witholding supplies when t.he price is low. The Forest Service has done e1tactly the opposite during the last decade, selling more and more timber for less and less money. Because timber quotas have been determined on the basis of political considerations rather than a response to the real market, taxpayers have been paying for the privilege of having the National Forests clearcut by the timber industry. At the time of this writing, the Forest Service is planning to again double timber cutting levels in the Southern Appalachians between 1986 and 1996. If timber sales continue 10 lose money at the same rate that they are now, then the money lost on below-cost timber sales wiU also double during that time. Under the current versions of the Forest Service's Land and Resource Management Plans for the Southern Appalachian national forests, almost 2/3 of the national forests are deemed suitable for logging, and all of that area is scheduled 10 be cut within the next 50 years. The narural cycle of succession leading to an old-growth, climax forest habitat will be cut short throughout two million acres of the national forest lands. Oak trees, many of which will be just beginning to produce the acorn mast so important to black bears and many other forest inhabitants, will be toppled in clearcuts, and a portion of the cut-over areas will be burned or sprayed with poisonous herbicides and planted in straight lines of white pine trees, which create inferior habitat for most forest species. The large, open clearcut areas left to regenerate naturaUy wiU invite yellow poplar trees to invade and take over land that may have been dominated by oaks and other tree species that prefer some degree of shade. Clearcuts do encourage diversity - a diversity of weedy plant and animal species at the expense of increasingly rare old-growth habitats. Today the old pattern of lumber extraction is being renewed as "the international timber commodities market." Once again, Appalachia is being relegated to the position of a t:olonized economy from which raw materials leave the region for processing elsewhere, along with the power and the profits. The United States is vinually the only country in the world with the capability to produce temperate hardwoods for expon. Most of the American hardwoods, particularly the oak lumber that is most in demand, come from the ratt. 1989 Appalachian Range. Canada is supplied almost enurely from the nearby Nonhem Appalachians. Because they are of higher quality, the northern hardwoods are also preferred in the discriminating European market. Buyers in the Far East, however, are more price-conscious, and increasing amounts of Southern Appalachian wood has been sold in Asia. It is difficult to determine how dependent on foreign sales the mountain timber industry has become, because lumber to be shipped overseas is shunted from logger to wholesaler and perhaps to several brokers before it finally reaches its port of embarkation. The US Depanmenr of Commerce conveniently requires no records of the point of origin of exported lumber. Industry representatives and Forest Service analysts say that of the total amount of hardwood cut each year, only 40-50% is large enough and of a quality that could be considered for export. They estimate that approximately 20-25% of that export-grade wood is sent overseas. However, because this is the highest-quality material of the wood species that are most in demand, the economic value of the exponed hardwoods is much greater than their percentage in volume and is very important to the hardwood market as a whole. Distribution of Annual Timber Removals in the Southern Appalachians. 1980-1986 Fnrms 25.5% Miscclb ncous Owner.> l1riV"J tC 52.8% Nauona I Forests 10.0% Oz hcr l'uhlic Aboencics 1.9% S~ Moun1ain Treasun.sOI Rislc Much of the expon trade in hardwood is in kiln-dried, rough-sawn lumber. which is processed in foreign plants and used for cabinetry and furniture manufacturing. The country of Taiwan is among the largest buyers today. UnHke Japan and West Germany, which produce furniture largely for their own internal consumer markets, Taiwan manufactures furniture for export, mostly to the United States. The Taiwanese furniture industry is modern and efficient, and labor in that coumry is so cheap that they can pay to import lumber from the United States and then ship finished products back 10 sell at competitive prices in this country. John Syme, forest economist at Clemson University says, "Quite a lot of the furniture manufacmrers, panicularly in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, are buying fumimre or components produced in Taiwan and other Pacific Rim countries and then selling them along with what they manufacture domestically. This is typical of chairs in particular, and other items that have a high labor content." It is possible that consumers in the town of Sylva, Nonh Carolina could buy furniture that was made in Taiwan of wood that was cut within 25 miles of their own home. While they might notice that a piece is stamped "Made in Taiwan," they probably would not notice that the price tag includes fees for shipping the materials halfway around the world and then shipping the finished product aU the way back again. To stimulate a market that is not fast-paced enough for their liking, timber industry profiteers are supplying materials to keep alive wood-based industries in countries that, due to misuse and overpopulation, have already displaced their native forests. On paper, the hardwood timber industry generates great profits at the export game, but little of the money made ever returns to the region where the wood was originally grown. The materials are sold from the mountains with a minimum of processing - jobs are being shipped away along with the wood. II is the brokers and traders in the large eastern cities who benefit from timber exporting. They are few, bur they benefit greatly. Sending raw materials to have value added elsewhere is not advantageous for the regional economy, but ultimately it is the forest that pays the greatest price. Ir is the Southern Appalachian lwbicat that is being cut and shipped away overseas. It is the black bear's food supply, the shady canopy protecting the ginseng plant and the delicate ladyslipper. It is the cover that hides the thrush, rhe tall guardians who draw down and measure out the pure running water. It is the integrity of the biological system, that subtle sense of balance that is intangible, yet so important. Here again is that persistent question of value: for what we are losing, what do we gain? The approach that sees the forest trees as materials for human use requires chat the trees be cut down and carried away - extracted - before they are of value. But the other approach that sees value in the wholeness of living communities requires that humans keep their hands (feet, and wheels) off large areas of the foresL The Southern Appalachian national forests are a significant land area in the Southeast. They could be a magnificent habitat area. Timber cutting, which supposedly is providing the greatest economic benefits, is proving to be a public liability instead. The national forests in the Kan1ah province are providing very litcle timber, very few jobs, and very litlle money to the local people. Yet for those scanty benefits the mountain forestlands are suffering inestimable damage to the natural habitat chat will take centuries to repair where it is reparable at all. It is time 10 bring our forest policies back into balance with the forest. The "Southern Appalachian Timber Study" by de Steiguer. ct al., is available from tlze USDA Forest Service; Box 2750: Asheville, NC: Katuah Province 28802. This anicle also drew heavily on the excellent resource Moumain Treasures at Risk by Laura E. Jackson (see page 8). �Let's Close The Gate To Forest Devastation by Anna Muir "Our forests are national rreasures nor national rreefanns." - St1u11or Wye/le Fowler, Jr. (D-GA) As far as land use is concerned, the key to protecting the Southern Appalachian forest habitat is to deny human access. Access means roads. "In 1985, narionalforesrs in the sowliern Appalachians contained 4 ,95 J miles of permanent Forest Service roads. The agency plans ro add 3,263 miles of new road ro this transportation sysrem by the year 2030 in order to meet increased timber sale levels. The resulting 8,2 14 miles will surpass rlie distance from Denver, Colorado, to New Zealand. In less than 50 years, these national forests will support alrrwsr two miles of road per square mile of land, nor including state, county, or private roads." budgeted $13,600 per mile c road gentle slopes o and $22,700 per mile/or sreep slopes." - Laura E. Jackson, Mountain Treasures at Risk Timber sales add up to a net liability for the Forest Service and thus for the US taxpayers. In the Southern Appalachians alone logging cost taxpayers $5.5 million in 1987. It is a vicious paradox, because preliminary road building doom;; any chance that a timber sale might clear a profit before cu1ting even starts. Present policy states that the only viable method of timber cutting is clearcutting. Under repeated clcarcuning the original forest is never given a chance to grow back, thus clearcuuing represents forest fragmentation and species discontinuity on the grossest scale. But loggmg depends on the expensive permanent roads installed at the taXpaycr's expense. No roads, no clearcuts. - Laura£. Jackson. Moumain T~ at Risk R oad const ruc ti on c reates severe disruption throughou t many square miles of national forest habitat. The soil erosion and stream siltation associated with logging operattons arc predominately the result of the roading necessary to remove the timber. Great amounts of topsoil, D"CCS, and native herbaceous plants arc displaced all along the many miles of roads pushed into the forest habitat. Roading in steep areas undercuts soil and rock structures, maximizing erosion, often res ultin g in rockslides and soil slumping. "Access is rhe demise of bear habirar, and anybody with comrrwn sense will tell you that. The bear in the Piedmont has been wiped out and replaced wirh people. For every mile of road you punch imo these rrwuntains and leave open, you're jusr pulling anorher nail in the bear's coffin." - John Collins, wildlife blologw and big gamt program coordinawr, NC Wildlife Resources Commission. quoted 111 Wildlife in Nonh Carolina rrrJg<UIJIL In an inter-depanmental memo released to the public, US ForeSt Service Regional Forester Jnck Alcock stated that, "Approximately 98 percent of all recreation (in the national forests) takes place within three-fourths mile of a road." Oisregardfog the obvious question of where is one to find a patch of national forest that 1s nor three-fourths mile from a road, the regional forester's statement gives some idea of the tremendous negative impact of forest roads on the natural habitat and how tremendously helpful closing roads would be to the rejuvenation of that habitat. 'This is a wasteful program that continues a Jcind offar red calf existence even in these days of tremendous budget dejicirs ....ln the last si.:c [!Seal years alone the Forest Service constructed 3,725 more miles of road than needed, by its own projec1ions, for rimber harves1ing. Such unnecessary roadbuilding was1es the taxpayers' money, while valuable fish and wildlife habirar is destroyed." - Sen. Wyche Fowler. Jr (D-CA) on the floor of the US Stnate. July 29. 1989 The primary purpose of the forest roads in the Southern Appalachian national forests is to bring in logging trucks. The Forest Service has claimed that the mosaic of roads interlacing the national forests is necessary to support the jobs and money generated by timber cutting. However, this claim has been proven false. Timber sales on the national forests have actually been losing money in recent years (sec p. 10 ), and a primary reason is the cost of road building in the steep mountain terrain. "Across rhe nation, approximately one-half of all Forest service rimber expenses are artribwable to road costs. Road construction is expensive, particularly in mountainous regions where many national fores rs are located. Planners for 1Jie Jefferson (Na1ional Foresr) Jc:.citUah Journm p ~ 12 197S 11l6S 19115 2030 T OTAL REGION. • Past, Current, and Projected Forest Service Permanent Road Milage on the Southern Appalachian National Forests, 1974-2030. Soun:.. flfowitam Trtasuru ill Risk "The excessive logging scheduled for remore and sreep terrain requires a degree of roading that will severely degrade rhe moumain environment. Within 50 years. 3,263 miles of new, permanent roads are pro;ecred for rhe Sowhern Appalachian national foreslS. Road consrrucrion is rhe most damaging activity conducted in norional fores1 management. Even miligalion ml!asures cannor prevent erosion, soil compaction, and habiratfragmentarion - ongoing results of road consrruction and subsequent use." - Laura E. Jackson. Mounu11n Treasures at Risk The greatest damage by forest roads 1s to habitat values as they occur in remote areas of the national forests. And the most damaging aspects of the forest roads are those caused by "cumulative cffectS" - those incremental changes that considered together add up to debilitating qualitative changes in the overall environment. Here is an example of "cumulat ive effects:' A road was bulldozed to a clearcut site. The logging trucks and heavy equipment went in, did their job and, after some months, came out, leaving a treeless forest area compacted and criss-crossed by caterpillar tracks. Some of the loggers were bear hu nters, and they noticed bear sign while they were doing their work. So, that fall, trucks with kennel boxes mounted on the back raised dust up and dow n the road, until the bear s were hunted out, and the hunters moved elsewhere to finish off the season. Now familiar with the area, some of the hunters brought a picnicking party to a pleasant pool they found in the creek flowing beyond the logged-over area. The following year some of the families rerurned to the clearcut to pick blackberries. And o ne of the teenagers remembered the picnicking party when he and his friends needed an isolated place to park and drink beer, so four-wheel-drive vehicles careened up into the forest several weekends in succession. The Forest Service, noticing all the use their small, rough forest road was attracting, upgraded the road to "meet the traffic demand" with the result that tourists in their large cars could ride all the way to the top of the ridge to enjoy the view .... And so it goes. Each of these uses is not significant in itself. Each is legitimate in its own way. But. compounded together, the overall effect is devastating to the natural habitat that once existed on that ridgetop, protected by several square miles of impenetrable forest. Cumulative effects all too often add up to a habitat destroyed. f"l:ltt, t 989 �"Anyone who can't see that open roads hurt bear habitat has got to be blind."- John Collins, wildlife biologist and big game program coordilliltor, NC Wildlife ReS(Jurces Commission Besides the direct monality due to road kills and increased hunter ingress, roads are a primary cause of the forest fragmentation that is one of the greatest threats to habitat in the Karuah Province. Roads mean people, and black bears and other large forest-dwelling animals shy away from traffic-bearing roads, so that large areas of previously umouched habitat, far wider than the actual area of the roadbed itself, are eliminated with the construction and subsequent use of new roads. Thus, the creatures native to the old forest are pushed into smaller and smaller range areas that are less and less desirable as living spaces as roads are constructed in areas that were once prime habitat. New roads also mean wide strips of cleared land and carry "edge effects,'' one of which is rapid invasion by early-succession ("weed") species of plants and animals, deep into the once-unbroken foresL Multiple Use M o dule (MUM) Rud NDM ill NaJural Areas JoMrnol "Mr. President, we already have an excess of Forest Service roads through our national forests ...." - Sen. Wyche Fowler. Jr. (D-GA) on the floor of the US Senate.July 29, 1989 In the interest of habitat preservation, not only should the US Forest Service halt its road-building program in Katuah completely, but in key habitat areas existing roads should be closed, erased, and planted with fast-growing, hardwood, pioneer tree species to restore the natural character of the once-roaded areas as quickly as possible. Closing forest roads completely and permanently would open large expanses of forest in which the black bear and other old-growth dependent species could roam freely, strengthening the gene pool, and rejuvenating and expanding the present populations. Closing roads is a necessary prerequisite for any programs to reintroduce large carnivorous animals, such as the mountain lion, to restore proper predator/prey balances in the forest. Closing roads is a key pan of any program to restore old-growth habitat in the , Southern Appalachian Mountains. SparrowHawk The sparrow hawk became his friend, though distrusting him at first, not seeing that when the man found it entangled in fishing line at the junkyard, he meant anything but harm. But it softened as he sat in the dark room beside it silent, his eyes averted, letting it discover that he held it captive only because he cared and would offer freedom when the May hills were green and the air sweetened and warm. Trust came when he fed it chicken and trained it to fly from his fist at field mice and grasshoppers, nurturing its strength and confidence to face the world again. Yet he was reluctant to give it back to the endless sky and distant Blue Ridge, saddened not to hear its chirp or feel the light talons as it lit on his head or see the solemn brown gaze; but his time with the hawk was borrowed, and as it flew beyond the pines vanished with the stirring breeze he was glad to have known 1t at all. - Julia Nunnally Duncan T11Ct, 1989 D1awU1g by RobM~sick. �TA by Heather Blair fg[(, 1989 �A PLACE FOR BEARS An Interview with Dr. Michael Pelton (This 1nttr11itw 1s a continuation of a conlll!rsation btg"" ill issut 17 of the Ka!Uah Journal.) Katuah Journal: What are the basic clements for good bear habitat? Pt/ton: In 1970 we questioned southeastern state fish and wildlife agencies about bear habitat Respondents indicated across the board that black bears need good food sources (acorns and berries) and thick understory cover of some type There seemed to be common agrccmcnt that these were necessary clements for good bear habitat. 1bc third element is privacy - some degree of seclusion and remoteness. Of these three clements there is no doubt that the privacy/protection element is the most irnponant. Black bears are omnivores and have a broad food habit. Throughout their range in North America nuts and berries are always present. Where these arc present the species will survive, but only if there is some degree of privacy. Kattlah Journal: Then how about the effect of roads? Ptll()n: Road density and rramc volume arc the two factors that interact to determine the degree to which a bear will avoid crossing or even coming close to a road. The animals can be affected in two major ways. First, the road may make the habitat less desirable. Therefore they shift their home range, usually to a less desirable habitation. Thus they would be more vulnerable to monality, as they would have to move around more to find adequate food, denning sites, or cover. Secondly, a road may result in direct monality. Besides obvious factors like road kills, the mere presence of a rood invites people to use ii. The more it is used, the greater the possibility that hunting will be one of those uses. Katuah Journal: Are there other cumulative effects of roads? Pelton: Certainly. Once a road is in place and opened, it attracts all kinds of human intrusion, whether it's logging or hunting. The Twelve Mile Strip (an area between the east border of the Great Smoky Mountains National Parle and the Pisgah 1"ational Forest) is an imponant dispersal area from the Park. It is also a major hunting area. However, the Twelve Mile Strip is essentially devoid of a resident bear population. There is a high degree of road access, which means heavy hunting pressure, and the 1-40 freeway separates the Twelve Mile Strip from the national forest, which is ccnainly a barrier to bear migration. A recent ttaffic surve)' we did on l-40 found that during the daytime a vehicle passed the counting point every three seconds. At night the traffic slowed to one vehicle every seven seconds. The only real land bridge is the steep ridge that runs over one tunnel. We also know that there arc 13 or 14 culvcrtS in that area which could be used to cross under 1-40, but we don't f'11U, t 989 ~ "11-Rltea know if they arc being used. From road kills we've found, we do know that bears do occasionally tty to cross the highway. When traveling the coastal area of Europe last year, l found it very interesting to see their road construction techniques. At locations where we would "cut and fill" in this mountainous countty, they "bridge and tunnel." It struck me immediately that the "bridge and tunnel" concept, for whatever reason they used it, is ideal for animals in that it leaves large corridors for dispersal movements, in contrast to the "cut and fill" method that we use at present The availability of acorns drives the dynamics of the black bear population in the Southern Appalachians. Katuah Journal: That's interesting, especially since another major freeway is being proposed up the 1-26 corridor into Tennessee. It seems like it would be time to bring up something like that. You have also talked about acorns and their imponance to the black bear population. Pelton: The availability of acorns drives the dynamics of the black bear population in the Southern Appalachians. Black bears react to this concentrated energy source in amazing ways. Ecologically, physiologically, and behaviorally they go through a ttemendous change each fall. Bears tty to incorporate prime acorn sites into their home ranges. But acorns produce sporadically, and in any given year black bears will leave their traditional home range areas and travel for miles to congregate at oak stands that have abundant acorns. During this "feeding frenzy," as we call it, they sometimes seem to ignore a human presence in situations in which at any other time they would have jumped into the bushes and run away. They also show much more tolerance for one another at these focal eating areas. There seems to be larger numbers of animals in smaller areas than at any other rime of the year. It also appears that bears can shift their ability to digest various foods, particularly to assimilate the fall mast more efficiently. Acorns account for their ttemcndous fall weight gains, which arc all put on as fat Considered together, all these changes point to the importance of acorns as a source of food for the black bear. During the fall months they put on their most significant weight gains. This fat accumulation must carry them through the winter denning and into the cub-bearing season. We have been able to correlate the availability of white oak mast and the percentage of females lactating, and we found a direct and significant relation to acorn production. More dramatically, in the event of a failure of the acorn crop, there is an almost complete faillll'C of black bear reproduction. If alternative mast c rops fail as well, it could mean w inter starvation for the animal The size of the acorn crop also directly affects black bear mortality. A scarcity of mast necessitates greater movements on the part of the bear population. This makes them much more vulnerable to all the factors of monality. It affects them coming and going: natality (reproduction) and mortality. For example, in Tennessee this year the state fish and wildlife agency is having to deal with a lot of three year old male bears moving out of the Great Smoky Mountains Narional Park and ending up in Gatlinburg and Sevierville. There is a dominance hierarchy among black bears, and the subadult males of two or three years of age tend to be the ones who get kicked out and have to disperse to new ranges. This example fits in with events that happened in 1984 when there was a tremendous mast faillll'C. No cubs were born that year in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. That meant that all the females were available to be bred in 1985. Therefore, they all had cubs in 1986. These are the young bears that are now (conlinuod on peg~ 16) XAtUAh Journot Pll98 t 5 �bein& forced to look for new homes. It's interesting how this situation today was precipitated by the events of five years ago. Katllah Journal: How docs clcarcuuing affect black bears? Pelton: My main concern is that clearcutting may be subtracting from the "principal," 10 put it in economic terms, of mast producuon. There is a trade-off between the summer mast that is produced for a few years and the years of hard mast production that are lost when oaks arc cut down. But my main concern is that it appears that foresters still don't have a full understanding of how 10 carry out a clearcut and have predictable results in terms of good, strong oak regeneration. We have made numerous observations on the Pisgah National Forest. In those instances it seemed that they were not getting the regeneration they should have. Thus this becomes a major concern. Once a srand is cut, it may be lost to acorn production for many, many years. Another concern is denning. Bears do sometimes den in the areas of thick undergrowth created by a clearcut, and that's fine, but where dogs are used for hunting, there is greatly increased hunting pressure. The bears seem to sense their vulnerability. The more exposed they are, the more apt they arc 10 leave and abandon their cubs. Female bears in particular need secwe sites, such as large cavities in old, hollow trees or rock crevices, in which to den. The more secure the denning site, the more likely they are to stay put. Twenty-five or 30 years ago clearcuts were hundreds of acres in size. Over the years they have been shrunken in size until now they are down to less than 40 acres in the Southern Appalachians. These are beuer for most forest species. It means more unbroken. contiguous areas. Smaller cuts spaced apart seem 10 be a more logical cuuing regime. Adjacent stands should be allowed 10 mature to mast-producing age. Katllah Journal· What specifically could we do to help improve habi1a1 for 1he black bears? Pelton: I think we need longer timber rotations. I still contend that we need 10 examine rotation times in light of the importance of acorns 10 bears and other species. I have a feeling that the rotation times need 10 be lengthened to give the forest as a whole a chance to be as it productive as it can be 10 produce the food that is necessary. That production time varies a lot from one variety of oak 10 another, but I think that the rotations are probably still too short The other need is, as I mentioned before, that foresters pay a 101 more attention to oak regeneration when they cut. They need 10 make ha1 sure that regeneration is advanced enough, 1 there are enough young oak seedlings and saplings on the ground, so that maple or tulip poplar or any other species don't overwhelm the oaks and take over the site. Clcarcuts should also be spaced so that acorn-producing stands are adjacent. roads. We have had a history of roads being opened and closed, opened and closed, re-opened and closed again in response 10 various political pressures.There needs 10 be a consistent and Slandard policy throughout lhe region regarding roads. Without it, there's no doubt that roads are going to be quite detrimental to black bears. Even gated roads arc being used for illegal hunting. Total closwe may have to be undenakcn. The state agencies in North Carolina and Tennessee are bolh putting a lot of thought into their bear sanctuaries. It migh1 be timely 10 examine the sanctuary boundaries in relation to where timber management activities and roads will or won't be, so that lhe efficiency of the system can be enhanced. They could make sure I.hat the boundaries of a sanctuary take advantage of a cenain prime white oak stand, for instance. I think we need to learn more about designing sanctuaries, but with a liule bit of thought and planning, perhaps the system could be improved considerably. Dr. Michael Pelton has studied the black bears in the Sowhern Appalachians/or the last twenty years. He is recognized world-wide for his knowledge and experience with bears and has advised bear research and restoration projectS in Norrh America and Europe. Rtcortkd by David Whukr Transcribtd by Marsha R111g Edictd by Kim Sandland and Dovid \Vhttltr About roads .. .ln a report I presented in 1985, I said that under present conditions black bears needed 10 have wilderness or quasi-wilderness, because of the indeterminate policies of the Forest Service about closing 'Jfu:rc fell tl1e min liealin9 forty rlays am! w e were fwatl ng, we w ere spfushi"'J am! Caugfi£119 boos wUh our rwses in f wwers aml throu9h tlui trus, nug9ets of s unlU)ht and •v•rywhcr• 9run reachL"'] to fwld us bark to touch am! 9run sprou ts, forgotten in corners wfu:r• 9run had com. rw more. C£u 7Mr• /eJ1. tlu& rain fu:ali"'], mil£"'] am! f a!l£119, remLmli"'J us of paths. rivulet.s /or9otten, paths unilwtujit of, ways too new to Lrn<UJi.ne, the joy of clesctmt unforesun, abandoned to tlu& twists of mud am! stone, un.ltwwn, new, quid.Ly. abrupt, steep. rai,n remlndL"'J to fall w'tlwui ceasi"'], fall 9Uully, /all gratefully, fafl, lo119Cr and try f or tlu& bottom, Ln mud, Ln stornJ, Ln green, Ln greetJ$St magnif£ceru;e of rain, the rain that falls ~lL119. f"aCL, 1989 �ArlWOl'.I: l¥y JamM Rhea If you ever talk to an old-timer, and you mention the word "panther," be prepared for some emotion-laden and perhaps superstitious stories. Human fear of the unknown has influenced and shaped the Eastern panther's destiny. Because of this fear the Eastern panther has been almost completely wiped out in eastern Nonh America. This article is an.anempt to decipher myth from reality and to present evidence for or against the existence of the Eastern panther today. TI1e following is an example of the typical panther story told to an old-timer of today by his or her parents: 'The night was dark and still. Daddy put a log in the fireplace and then tricked us liule'uns in bed. The only sounds were the hoot of a screech owl and inseccs serenading. And then, all of a sudden - a clt1unp, on the roof! Wha1's that, daddy?'we asked in fright. They got us children down and we gathered around the fire. We could hear the creature pacing back andforch above our heads. It was rryinR ro claw up some shinRles! 'Don't be afraid,' Mommy cold us, 'it'll be alright.' Daddy grabbed his gun from the wall. We knew it wasn't a/rig Ju. Then there was a loud, piercing scream! We knew it was the call of the painter." Is this scenario accurate - or is it just exaggerated mountain folklore? Was the Eastern cougar, or "painter," as it was called by the mountaineers, so bold as to come up to a human home and threaten to attack and kill humans? Do panthers still exist in the Southern Appalachians? What were, or are, they really like? Cougars were almost completely eliminated in eastern Nonh America soon after it was seuled by European immigrants. The attitude toward the great cat was the same auitude which caused the "taming" and destrucrion of the wilderness. The settlers anacked the animal, fearing it would prey on livestock and humans. Also, the destruction of the deer population through over-hunting and land-clearing, and direct hunting of the Eastern cougar saw this subspecies to its demise. 1"aCC.. l989 According to Robert Downing, former Forest Service officer in Clemson, South Carolina, the Eastern cougar (a subspecies which differs from the Florida panther, western panther, and twenty-seven other subspecies of Nonh American panthers), is as elusive as the answer to the questions asked about it. Many factors complicate the picture. First we must understand the habits and peculiarities of the panther. A cougar (Fe/is concolor) will live almost anywhere there are deer, or enough of the other animals of its prey base, such as racoon, opossum, rabbit, skunk, and fox. Deer, however, are by far the preferred prey of the cougar. All predators are best adapted for a specific prey animal. The deer is the right size and speed for the cougar and has come to be almost the cougar's only food source. ln Mexico where deer are few or non-existent, panthers prey on smaller rodents solely. This means that the panthers must spend more time and energy to kill more animals, but also shows their exrreme adapuibility. Unlike bears. panthers will not eat the meat of an animal they have not killed themselves. Occasionally an individual panther will acquire the habit of preying on livestock, although that occurrence is rare. Cougar are not and have never been a real threat to livestock. Wild boar, however, are definitely a possible prey animal for the cougar (which has implications for restoring balanced ecosystems in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park). Panthers feed only once every week or two. They kill only when hungry, usually eating pan of the deer and caching or hiding the rest to finish later. Robert Downing is called at least once, and sometimes several times, a month to investigate reponed sightings of the Eastern panther. He is presently rraining other Fish and Wildlife officials how to identify and verify rracks and scats. Only a rrained expen can tell the difference between a panther track and that of a large dog. Cats walk with their nails retracted (to keep them sharp). except on rare occasions when they are in a hurry. Panther scats average one and onequaner inches in diameter, and are smooth like those of a bobcaL Another panther habit is to kick up a pile of din and leaves on the edge of its territory and urinate on it. This habit is also shared by bobcats and foxes, so it takes a trained eye to determine the difference. Tracks are difficult 10 find in the mountains because the ground is either hard clay or the (continued on p:ige t8) JC.at ®h Jo1mmC. pa9e t 7 �FRONT COUGAR "'"~ (continued from page 17) constant rain washes the tracks away. Snowfall helps to locate tracks, but high mountain winds, subsequent snow storms, and melting make tracking in winter as challenging as any of the seasons. With so many sightings reported, Robert Downing finds it hard to believe they can all be wrong. But it is also hard to understand why there has never been an Eastern panther hit on the highways, when 5-15% of the Florida panthers (another subspecies) arc killed each year on the road. Perhaps the Florida panthers find roads more desirable to navigate than low, rugged wetlands. a problem the Eastern cougar would not have. Cougars were formerly common throughout North and South America. where they existed mostly on deer, bison, and elk. Today only small pocket populations survive, mostly in the western United States. Panthers are loners, rarely traveling in groups or packs. An individual cougar in the west occupies a 10-20 square mile territory. In Florida each panther uses 50-60 square miles because the population pressure 1s not as great There is no regular mating season for panthers. They will breed any time of the year once they come to maturity at three years of age. However, breeding for any one panther occurs only once every two tO three years. The two or three kittens in each litter are raised by the female. After weaning at two to three months of age, they accompany the mother on hunts. The panther ranges in length from five to eight feet, including the tail, and weighs from eighty to two hundred pounds. Their call varies. It can be soft like the cooing of a dove, a rattling growl, or an eerie shriek -- sometimes described as resembling the scream of an old woman. The panther does not scream when it is about to attack, as myth would lead us to believe. The bark of the grey fox is sometimes mistaken for a cougar call, although there is no resemblance. Some owl calls have even been mistaken for panther howls. In Florida, and many eastern states, panthers are protected as an endangered species. In western states cougar are managed by state fish and wildlife departments as a game animal. In Texas, there i s no protective legislation for the cougar whatsoever. A known population of panthers exists in Manitoba which has spread west into Ontario, and south into the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota Maine is an ideal habitat for the panther, as there are large areas with no public roads and large deer populations. But so far no panthers have been officially sighted there. Before there can be any action taken to protect the Eastern cougar and its habitat, the presence of the Eastern cougar must be confirmed. Roben Downing has written a report fol' the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service entitled: "The Current Starus of the Cougar in the Southern Appalachians." In it he describes recent reports, historical aspects, searches for sign, and research needs. The Forest Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service pooled their resources and sponsored Roben Downing's study when the controversy came to a head in 1977. At that time several groups threatened to bring suit against the Forest Service unless it hailed timber harvests in an area where several cougars had reportedly been seen. If you think you have seen a cougar or its sign, this repon may help you to determine a true sighting. The conclusion of Robert Downing's study is basically that there is yet no conclusion as to the status of the Eastern cougar. Although it seems fitting and right for panthers to be inhabiting the southern mountains, not one official sighting has been made. Until then, panther advocates have no basis for demandfog protection for cougar habitat The best thing one can do at this point is to get a copy of "The Current Status of the Cougar in the Southern Appalachians," learn all one can about tracks and panther habits, and keep one's eyes and ears open when roaming the hills. The true spirit of native Appalachia will shine forth when species such as the panther (along with the American chestnut, gray wolf, and black bear) are existing together in stable and self-sustaining populations. Roberr Downing's reporr, "The Current Sratus of the Cougar in the Southern Appalachians," is available from rhe Denver Wildlife Research Center; Department of Forestry; Clemson Universiry; Clemson, SC 29631. The Earth First! Biodiversity Project is collecting data for an Eastern Cougar Study. Your help is needed to document cougar sightings and habitat use in the eastern states. If you see a cougar, remember as accurately as possible the location; a description of the animal including height, length, approximate weight, length of the tail, and distinguishing marks; a description of the terrain; and an account of the event Send information to: Eanh First! Biodiversity Project 2365 Willard Road Parkersburg, WV 26101 Cougar tracks have four toe pad marks in a semi-circle ahead of the larger metacarpal pad. There are usually three lobes on the back of the metacarpal pad. The tracks of adult cougars measure 2 3/4 inches or more in width. Cougars have a central lead toe on each foot, and the two middle toes are not symmetrical, but one is normally farther forward than the other. Dog tracks appear similar to cougar tracks, but the toes arc almost directly opposite each other, and claw marks arc always visible ahead of the toe marks. Bobcat tracks are similar in appearance to cougar tracks, but smaller. The tracks of a young cougar will appear the same as those of a bobcat. If you see a cougar track, make a plaster cast. Here is how: I) Prepare the ground surrounding the track by removing any debris. Carefully remove any loose objects in the track itself. 2) Take a strip of light cardboard or plastic long enough to surround the track, fold it into a circle and fasten lhe ends togelher. Set it around lhe track. 3) Mix Plaster of Paris according to directions on package. Once mixed, plaster sets quickly, so be prepared to pour immediately. 4) Pour the plaster slowly over the track, taking care to fill all the recesses, especially the toe marks, to avoid air bubbles. Pouring too quickly will disturb the track. Pour plaster one inch over the track. 5) Allow the plaster to harden. Then lift the cast and carefully wipe away excess din and debris. / raet,1989 �Last fall, when the mornings turned c turned to gathering firewood, we didn't hav south-facing slope behind rhe cabin was doned oaks. We discovered enough snags just along the wood stove stoked all winter, and without I summer I've found enough dead and dying oak house next wioter, too. Oaks are treasured trees -- valuabl~ fo~~r. !f!l~per provide, valuable for their shady canopy and wood and their sturdy beauty. But something is oak forests of sourbcrn Appalachia. Since the ll980's, we've seen an increase in the mortality of oaks la ~land h3nlwood fcxests throughout the eastern United ~ This phenomenon, called• decline, has been o b s e r v e - y since the early 1900's, bat foresucs~.ud 1 are just beginning to tmensi.v~ it! Ciiiil'di k is having on the forest ecosystem. Oak decline is not caused by a single discaa odDlilllPa. bot a series of interactions between environmenw strelles, diseases, and insectS. A healthy oak ~ will begin to dec:Uae when it is subjected to unusual stress, such u drought; fiosl iniury or spring defoliation by insects. This causes physiological changes in the tree and its root n~omes vllJn~ IO lltlCk by the annillaria root'l'Offungus (Ari1tiJJaria metled), wllil:b aormally lives on roOlS of dead trees. This runaus killS put oflhe mot sySl!Cm, further weakening the tree and making it sa~ above ground auaclc by other diseases and iosects. The two-lined chestnut borer (Argilus bilineatus) is often fond in uees at this stage, its larvae making meandering galleries dna&b the inner bark and eventually girdling the tree. As the aee declines, ns growth slows down and the crown dies bact. Tbe dead branches exposed as the leaves die are the most obvious signs that a tree is being seriously stressed. If good condieiom return, a young, vigorous tree may be able 10 recover, bat an older tree will continue to decline and eveniually die, UiUll1y iwo to five years after the stress first occured. The U.S. Forest Service has been conducting surveys throughout Karuah to determine how widespread oak decline ~ and which areas arc affected most severely. By combining aerial surveys and data collec1ed on 1hc ground, resarchcn have de1crmincd that oaks are declining in all southern upland hardwood forests, but the damage varies greatly in different areas. Oak species in the red oak group (including bhd. scarlet and nonhcrn red oaks) are much more likely to decline lhan !hose in the white oak group (white and chestnut oaks). Oak decline 1ends 10 be grca1cs1 in areas where trees naturally grow most slowly -- on ridgc1ops, on shallow, rocky soils and on southand wes1-facing slopes. Age is a fac1or, too. "Declines arc, by and large, diseases of ma1ure trees." according to Sieve Oak, forest pathologist with the Forest Service. "However, chronological age may not f>e the best measure of tree maturity. On a high quali1y site, an 80-year-old black oak might be considered middle-aged, but on a poor site the same ttcc would be a senior citizen, and probably more prone to decline". Oak seedlings arc relatively intolerant of shade so they ••id br '° have a hard time establishing themselves under a forest caoopy. Once a dominant tree dies and more fight reaches the g10lllld. 1hey tend 10 be out-competed by fas1cr growing seedling -yellow poplar, maple, sourwood, black locust In order 10 be sure !hat oaks will be present in the next stand, it's generally agreed tha1 there must be a substantial number of oak seedlings and saplings already growing in tbc undcrstory before lhe dominant trees die. "If it doesn't maucr what kind of trees replace declined oaks, then decline is of no consequence because some regeneration will happen", Sieve Oak says. "But given the problems of oak regeneration, it's not at all clear !hat oaks wilt replace themselves after decline". Understanding the biological causes of oak decline and where it tends to occur gives some clues as to why we are seeing ao increasing number of dead oaks in the green mountains of our bioregion. Kan1ah forests were almost decimated by the "cut ou1 and get otlt" logging practices which prevailed around the tum of !he century. As a result, the majority of these next-generation forats are now in the 60 10 90 year range -- the age al which oaks become more vulnerable to the stresses that cause decline. 1llc long-1erm drough1 we arc experiencing is surely a contributing fac1or. Overall, the raie of global wanning since 1970 is higher than a1 any earlier recorded rime. If our heedless consumption of fossil fuels continues to blanket the earth with increasingly heavier layers of carbon dioxide, the drought stress caused by higher tcmpcra1ures will have dire consequences for the whole ccosys1em, and oaks may be among the firs! obvious casualties. Oak decline is also predicted 10 increase with the steady advent of the leaf-hungry gypsy moth as It chews its way south into these foresis. The gypsy moth, an insect pcs1 introduced 10 Nonh America in the ninc1eenth cen1ury, is expected 10 cause significant amounts of defoliation in the near future. One of the major current concerns about oak decline is the impact it has on wildlife. As their crowns die back, declining oaks produce less hard mast (acorns) and the nutritional value of the mast may not be as high. In one declining stand surveyed, the acorn yield was predicted to be 58% lower over five years than would be cxpcacd in a hcahhy stand. "Acorns arc very high in fa1 and carbohydrates", explains Lauren Hi1hmn. Forest Service wildlife biologist. "They arc one of 1he highest energy foods in !he forest". This shortage creates a grave situation for all animals which depend on acorns for fall and winter food -- black bear, deer, eastern wild turkey, racoon, squirrel and other small mammals. The populations of preda1ors such as bobca1, cougar and raptors a.re also adversely affec1cd by decline, since much of their prey consists of small mammals dependant on acorns. According 10 Hillman, decline also decreases the diversity of acorn species. Having a variety of mast in the forest, she says, "cushions failure in one crop which may have a poor production year. Given periodic hard mas(shonages, this could be a critical fac1or for wildlife survival". And !he impact of oak decline on wildJife wilJ be even grca1er in the future because many dying oaks will be replaced by (continued oo page 20) foU, 1989 JC.atimn Journa! p1i9e 19 �olher species of trees which won't produce any hard mast. "Black bear reproduction is directly dependent on. hard mast availability", continues Hillman, and she asscns that 1f oa1c decline continues to jcapardizc this food source, "the black bear . . might not stnive". If we consider long term trends m climate, the s1e~dy advance of the gypsy moth and the current age of our .f?"=sts, 1.t is reasonably safe to predict that oak decline is.a cond1uon wh~ch will not be disappearing in the near future. Is 11 a problem which needs to be addressed by forest management practices. or should oa1c decline be viewed as one factor among many in the evolution of a continuously changing ccosyst~m 7 . The oak-dominated forests m the mountains of southern Appalachia arc a result of land use history ov~r the last 200 years. Past agricultural use of the land, woods _grazing, fire control and the chestnut blight have all contributed to the present predominance of oaks. But given ~hat we know a.bout ~ak regeneration, it's a fair bet that there will fewer oaks an K~u3!1 forests in the future if some oak decline management 1s!11 undenaken. If the resultant changes in wildlife habitat, species diversity, wood supply and aesthetic valu~s are acceptable, t~en there isn't any reason to try 10 reduce the impact of oak decline. In areas where there is liule or no interference by humans, such as in designated wilderness areas, oak decline and other n~tural events are allowed 10 run their course. Then the ?Utc.ome 1s not influenced by the imposition of management ObJecuves which determine which resources to promote, oflen a1 the expense of other resources. However oak decline is increasingly being perceived as a problem of fo~st health in forests which are being managed to maximize one or more of these resources. The recently released Draft Environmental Impact Statement co".ering the Grassy Gap and Wesser timber sales in Nantahala Nauonal Forest. is one of 1he first public documents to address oak decline as a consideration in the action alternatives. The environmental and topographic factors which inc~ the incidence of decline cannot be altered by forestry pracuccs. However there arc silvicultural treatments which can reduce the effects of decline if the objective is to maintain a vigorous oalc forest. be One such treatment is thinning. Reducing the density of trees by thinning, especially when the trees arc ~l~tivcly young, should help alleviate water stress. However, 1h1~mg can cause an increase in armillaria root rot fungus, and u may actually increase moisture stress if decline is already in progress by exposing more of the soil surface to the drying effects of the sun. Another management strategy involves encouraging oa1c seedlings and saplings to grow in the understory of o~ stands which arc declining, or which arc at high risk for dechne. As noted earlier, oa1c seedlings under the shade of mature trees tend to be out-competed by more shade tolerant species. If the growth of these competing seedlings, saplings and shrubs is controlled, the young oalcs will be in a position to talce advantage of increased light when the mature trees arc gone. The method chosen to control competing understory vegetation is likely to cause some. controversy, si.nce .using herbicides appears 10 be more effecuve and economical m the shon tenn than cutting down the competing plants by hand. Hopefully, this decision will be carefully considered in view of its potential long term costs.. Much more needs t~ be ~nown about the complex interacuons of these che1D1cals rn the ecosystem before herbicides arc given a seal of appi:oval. . Some silviculturists advocate a second phase m the crcanon of a vigorous stand: cuning down the declining mature trees. From a silvicullural point of view, harvesting the big trees allows enough strong light to reach the ground for the oak seedlings to begin growing rapidly. Forest manag~rs "!BY .also .choose to harvest declining trees based on economic obJCCUves, 1f the trees can be sold as timber. Harvest methods have been at the center of a great deal of debate recently, with clearcutting generating most of the opposition. And the controversy is likel>: to become eycn ~ore intense with this issue, because clearcutung has been identified by many silviculturalists as the most effective way to manage.oalc decline. They affirm that if ~equate numbers of oak Sec<!lmgs and saplings arc present rn the understory, clearcumng a declining oalc stand is the most reliable way to ensure that ~e following stand will be less susceptible to the stresses which initiate decline. The major harvest alternative to clcarcutting is managing an uneven-aged forest by selectively cutting small groups of trees. This harvesting is done periodically, usually every 10-20 .Y~· and the trees arc selected in such a way that at least three d1sunc1 age classes will remain in the forest Uneven-aged stands are valued for containing a diversity of ages and species of trees and for their basically intact forest canopy. However, oak decline is more likely to increase in stands which arc managed this way than they arc in clearcut stands, because uneven-aged harvest requires more logging road construction, as well as more entries into the stand. This means there is increased potcmial for soil compaction, i:oot system damage and mechanical damage to the trees which arc not harvested. These injuries decrease a tree 's resistance to the stresses which cause decHne. Skillful horse logging would subs1amially decrease lh~se risks and would make uneven-aged management a beuer option for declining stands. Unfonunatcly, neither the timber industry nor the Forest Service consider logging with horses an economically viable practice. Small woodland owners, without the market pressures of big business, may find that using horses to log decline-prone areas, thereby creating space_ for youn.g vigorous trtts 10 grow, is a good way 10 m:in11ge de.chn .. on 1he1r land and encourage biodiversity. . Oak decline is a biological fact in the forests of Katuah. Watching robust, bountiful oak trees slowly lo.se th~1r stren~th and die is an emotional experience. Oak decline is an issue which gives us a chance 10 discuss what we value most about our . forests, and how we want 10 influence future forests by the decisions we make now. Photo abow, armillaria root rot fungus, courtrsy c{Strp~tt W. Oak f"llU,1989 �PEOPLE & HABITAT While many view the pastoral scenes and remote majesty of the Southern Appalachians as all-enduring, trends in human population l migration and unrelenting resource extraction have had monumental effects upon wildlife and the diverse flora of their native habitat. Today litlle remains unaltered by the effects of human activity. The landscape we view today is a threatened glimmer of what was once, but it still exists as one of the most diverse ecosystems on the North American continent. A universal tenet that holds true for every form of life is the ecological principle of carrying capacity: a given habitat can only suppon so many individuals of any given species. Beyond that threshold the numbers of the given species begin to decline or that species begins to impinge on the ability of the habitat to function and support other forms of life. The principle of carrying capacity holds as true for human beings as for any other life form. The difference is that we are so insulated from the greater environment by the barriers of civilization, that we often do not realize the impact we are having on local, to say nothing of distant, habitats. In the case of homo sapiens the situation is funher complicated by the effects of a highly-developed technology, which adds an additional element to the equation by magnifying the impact of a given number of individual humans. Bioregional awareness leads us to become as regionally self-sufficient as possible, so that we restrict the impact of our presence to our own bioregion. We also realize our responsibility to accurately determine the region's carrying capacity for human beings and to limit our numbers accordingly. A historical perspective of human manipulation of the Katt.lab province will help raise the question of the proper carrying capacity for human beings in our bioregion - the level that allows for the preservation of wild habitat. land already subject to conditions of dire overpopulation. The Old World represented a virtually inexhaustible well of humanity that flooded over the new frontier. After the mountain highlands were first penetrated by DeSoto in 1540, the question of access was of paramoum importance in the development of the Southern Appalachians. The Indian culture tied to the land and her offerings was rapidly overrun by the streams of white-skinned settlers that moved in along the major Indian trails 'through the Shenandoah Valley and from the Atlantic Tidewater area, widening the trails into roads as they went so that others could more easily follow. The first small communities sprang up along the river valleys and larger coves of the Watauga, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee watersheds. Although few and far between, their presence was marked by the agrarian need for cleared land. The bottomlands and wellands were cleared or drained firs1, and !hen trees were felled on the side slopes to make room for more fields and pastures. As the first sertlemen1s became towns, the clearings spread deeper into the mountains following small and muddy roads that wound along the river and stream tributaries. Early In habitants and First Immigrants The Cherokee Indians and the indigenous people before lived in balance with their world, utilizing the offerings of their Eden. Sources estimate the native population co be about 22,000 individuals throughout the entire region in the early 17th century. This number is somewhat lower than pre-Columbian levels because of war and disease brought by white settlers. (Today, that number would be considered only mediocre actendance at Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta.) The native people manipulated their environment with a technology based on fire and scone tools. Even though they had developed a sophisticated system of agriculture before the arrival of the first white people, it is clear they never exceeded the ability of the region to support them. They did not interfere with the capability of the habitat to provide for other forms of life; quite to the contrary, the native people relied on that capability for their continued existence. The arrival of the first Europeans, however, changed conditions drastically. The first immigrants represented the overflow from a 1'a!L, 1989 Plwlo by Rob MusidJProject Ug/llhawlc These first settlers lived largely off the land, much in the manner of their native predecessors. Like the Indians before them, the white settlers annually burned off the forest floor. However, because of their greater numbers, this had a much greater effect on the forest than it ever had before. Even so, until the end of the 19th century most of the mountain highlands remained an impenetrable wilderness. Daunted by the richness of the New by CHIP SMITH and LEEK. FAWCETT World, the Europeans regarded the productive capacity of the land as limilless, leading them to farm and hunt carelessly and without regard for the future. Because they were completely ignorant of ecological balances, they exterminated game species of animals and birds and slaughtered the native predators so that their domestic livestock could free-range in the woodlands. Hogs and turkeys were particularly well-adapted to the forest environment and thrived on 1he fall mas1 provided each year. Once fattened, these were gathered into large "droves" and walked along the "drovers' roads" to markets in the piedmont Mountaineers also traditionally foraged for medicinal roots in the forest. As commercial demand for these natural remedies began to grow, medicinal roots became a prime baner item in town and at the crossroad country stores. As wagonloads of ginseng and other potent roots and herbs began to roll down the twisting mountain roads to the eastern cities, the rate of trade began to threaten the survival of ginseng and other herbaceous forest plants. The Industrial Era Grinding mills and small saw mills were the height of industrial production in the highlands until the mid-I 800's. The barter system was the usual means of exchange. The US Census estimated the population in the 18 western counties of North Carolina ac 200,000 in 1890. The lifestyle was still based primarily o n subsistence agriculture, hunting, and foraging. However, in 1880. the first train into the mountains pulled inco Asheville, and the Southern Appalachians were changed forever. The railroads represented a new degree of access, and they brought exponential population growth, absentee land ownership, and industrial commerce. The population of the city of Asheville (which today is only somewhat greater than 65,000 people) mushroomed from 2,000 in 1880 to more than 10,000 by 1890. Tourism also arrived on the rails, and sanitariums and luxury hotels offered all the comfons a tired and ailing flatlander could desire. Commerce was the primary reason for pushing through the railroads, and in the Southern Appalachian region, commerce meant timber. Large traces of land, often 30,000-200,000 acres in size, were opened up to exploitation and soon surrendered their bounty. Temporary company towns were built at the base of major watersheds and railroad lines extended into the highest coves. The early timber barons were industrialists, not foresters, and they neither knew nor cared about the ideals of sustained timber )'ields and forest regeneration. Their mastery of the new steam technology gave them access to the most remote reaches of the mountain forest, and the destruction they wrought there was unprecedented. The damage to the species composition of the forest was irrevocable, as was the damage to the soil. By the early 1930's 80 percent of the mountain (continued on page 22) JC.awc:ih Jo'4rnat plMJe 21 �(continued from pqc 2 1) landscape had been burned over. Little was left to shield the soil from the area's high levels of rainfall , and severe flooding occurred in 1896, 1901, and 1909, and periodically into the 1940's. A mountain native, the Reverend A.E. Brown provided first-hand insight in an interview in the Manufacturer's Record ip 1910: " ... these mountains were full of sparkling brooks and creeks which required a two or three week rain to make them muddy; today a few hours of rain will muddy them .... Many of the mountain streams are dry throughout the summer and fall, while in winter, the waters descend in torrents and do vast damage rendering wonhless the bouom lands... The sides of mountains have been denuded of their topsoil and bouom lands have been overflowed and swept away... " Shortly after the end of World War I most of the timber barons had tom up their tracks and moved on to the Pacific Northwest. By 1930 only a few companies, such as Champion Corporation, were left In the wake of the timber rush, and at the onset of the nation's worst drought and the chestnut blight, little was left for human or beast. The Present-day Forest (or Wha t You See Is What Is Lefi) Between the I 940's and the I 960's the population of the Ka1uah province remained static or even dropped The mountai n binhrate remained high, as it had in the past, but many young folks left the mountains to find wage work in the cities of the east and the midwes1. The bumpy roads offered a way out of the mountains tO seek the American Dream. During the 1960's and the I 970's, however, a change took place. The isolation of the "backward" Appalachians began 10 look appealing to flatlanders sick of noise, crowds, and pollution, and perhaps sick at heart at the manner in which they earned their wealth. The very isolation that had protected the mountains from industrialization for so long now proved their strongest attraccion. City-dwellers realized that they could "have" that isolation - all they lacked was a way 10 get there. Thus began the era of the four-lane. The Appalachian Regional Council brought in federal money 10 help state governments upgrade old roads and build modem expressways. During this same period agriculture declined sharply in the mountains - and with it declined the traditionally high binhrate that had always characterized Appalachia in the minds of outsiders. With the construction of new roads, in-migration became the driving force in the population growth of the Ka1uah province. Today the rate of biological growth (che ratio of the binh rate 10 the death rate) remains at flat zero or in fractions of a percentage point (0.07 percent in 1984), while the rate of in-migration continues 10 rise dramatically, putting the overall population growth of the Southern Appalachians well above the national average. The number of retirees translcx:ating to the mountains raises the percentage of monality, but a look at the figures shows the dominant influence of migration on the regional population. Lack of access has always been the limiting factor on growth • the growth of human populations, economic development, and Xat®h Journal pa9e 22 industrialization - in Appalachia. Lack of access protected the wild nature o f the mountain habitat. Now the cork is out of the bottle. The sporadic stream of in-migration has turned into a flood. As over-populated Europe once offered an inexhaustible supply of humanity to fill up the New World, the large eastern cities now do the same for the mountains, as the in1ersu1te highway system offers an easy means of travel. Along with the increaSe in new residents, there has been a tremendous increase in demand for recreational opponunities in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the national forests. Today, human management and human use penetrates 10 the deepest reaches of the forest on 4,900 miles of forest roads and touches every aspect of life on virtually every acre of the mountain forest habitat. Meanwhile, wildlife has been pushed back to the most remote areas of the forest in search of food and safety due 10 the clearing necessary for roads and development and the associated noise. Environment Committee assures us that al l this developmen t can proceed with no impact whatsoever on the "beautiful mountain scenery that is so imponant to all of us" - in fact, it'll be even beuer, because there will be more people here to enjoy it wilh us. Typical of this approach is the l-26 Corridor Association, a coalition of Western Nonh Carolina industrialists, developers, and their followers, who believe it is imperative 10 immediately upgrade the present Route 23 to interstate proportions through Madison County 10 the Tennessee state line providing a d1rec1 connection between Asheville, Johnson City, TN, and the large industrial cities of the mid west. Jerry Grant, the biggest developer in the Katuah mountains, provides the following insight via the /-26 Corridor Association Newsletter: "We would be on the way to somewhere - not the end of the line. We think Asheville and this region are extremely fortunate 10 have an excellent liveability factor. We are able to attract the right kinds of industry." Those who still espouse this approach have not yet realized that whenever we perceive something as a resource, then it is automatically for sale. And once sold, it is no longer ours. It is gone. In another public relations publication of the l-26 Association, WNC at the Crossroads: Crisis or Opportunity?, this theme of development continues: "Improving the US 23 gateway to interstate standards opens the entire Ohio Valley and Nonheastem US to the WNC mountain expenence....Imagine how many more travelers would discover WN~ if traffic now using I-77 and 1-75 could re-route via 1-26 through the scenic Southern Highlands.... An interstate would produce many business opportunities away from its interchanges. Well-designed and The North Carolina Highway Bill (or Come One, Come All!) This summer in Nonh Carolina the state legislature passed a $9.1 billion Highway Bill. Governor Ji m Manin's plan is 10 place "every resident in the state within 10 miles o f a four-lane road," build by-passes around seven urban centers (includi ng Asheville), pave 10,000 miles of secondary gravel roads by 1999, and the remaining gravel roads in the state by 2006 (see page 25). To hear the road boosters talk, the new roads are going 10 bring in all the good aspects of industrial culture and none of the bad. There's big bucks in it for everyone, we are told, and, because we live in the mountains, things will be as nice as they always were. The ; N PR(S(NT 4 LA~ES -- fV\Ul'l.E CONNfClORS - - - W / 'll:/~E v"' . r •~ I I \I \ I '\ \ I \I \ \ '\ f'aU:, 1989 �perpetual wild sanctuaries It ts both a form of reverence and a human need that we learn at this time to intentionally leave some wild places alone forever. At this lime In Earth history. our human species Is severely and Irreversibly tmpacttng the ecosystems of the planet. As an acknowledgement of our reverence for Life and for the sake of our planet's biological heritage. ll Is Important that we lntenllonally leave perpetual wild sanctuaries where humans do not enter....places where the non· human life fonns tnd1genous to a pan.tcular area arc able lo proceed lndeflnltely. undisturbed by human presence. judgement. or Intentions. This Idea Is not wtlhout precrdrnt. In New Guinea there arc small areas of natural vegetation left amid lands that have been ovcr·grazed and ovcr·cut for cooking fuel. These small fragments of natural diversity are the burial grounds. rabu areas. sacred to the spirits of the ancestors. where It Is blaspht>my to tread. In old English estates. amid the Impeccably kept lawns and gardens. there Is one comer kept wild "for the fairies • that Is never entered These are probably areas that would difficult lo matntaln anyway. and these days the tradition Is most likely kept with tongue tn cheek. but ll Is slill kept, as ll has been for generations. In the small country of Costa Rica the newly-established tropical dryland forest national park Is divided Into three pans: one pan ts open to appropriate commercial use. one pan Is only open to tradltlonal native use. and the remainder Is not open to human use at all. Here In Katuah. there have always been energy centers and sacred sites endowed with spiritual power that were never entered except by lndlvlduals or small groups of people who felt compelled to venture there to fulfill a specific spiritual mission. ThJs idea could be easily translated lnlo our own lime. lf people took ll to heart. Small areas could be set aside on small tracts of land. but setting aside a mountain range or large areas of the forest to be forever undisturbed by human presence would make a significant difference tn the conditions of habitat and. no less Importantly. would transform our relationship to the land. It Is both a form of reverence and a human need that we learn at this lime to Intentionally leave some wild places alone forever. All who feel so tncllned are Invited to set off an area of land - however large an area for whJch the tndlvldual or group feels ll can accept responsibility - as a perpetual wild sanctuary. This could be done by purchase. decree. or by personal witness. The areas could be regarded as sacred shrines. devlc dwclllng-places. burial grounds. or liberated 1.ones. In whatever manner It Is undertaken. this commitment tnvolvcs a responstbtllty lo respect the boundaries and lo urge others who might come tn contact with the area to do the same. It also Involves educallfllt the young about the nature of this area and the purpose for selllfllt ll aside. that they might be willing to continue the practice. ll Is time lhts Is brought forward as a serious suggestion. May all beings live wUd and free! Plca.\C !lend any commcnis expressing your rcacuons, dreams, or visions about a perpetual wild sanctuary lO KatiUih Journal: Box 638: Leicester, NC 28748. (conlJnUOd from Pl&C 22) developed interchanges therefore not only enhance the corridor's immediate environs, but also seive as gateways which entice additional development into surrounding counties. "Regionally, the 1-26 gateway will increase traffic throughout WNC. Thus, thousands of businesses - both established and yet-to-be stand to benefit...The US Chamber of Commerce has determined that each additional 100 manufacturing jobs have the following positive (sic) benefits on a given locale: Non-manufacturing jobs .. ...............&! Population increase...................... 202 Family units .............................. I 02 Increased school enrollments............ 61 (t ndguote) The effects would certainly be positive for the developers and real estate speculators who stand to make a lot of money selling off the mountain habitat. For current residents, however, land booms do not necessarily mean more jobs. They do mean higher taxes as the local people absorb the costs of expanded water supply and waste disposal services to provide an infrastructure for the new industries. They do without fail mean over-crowded schools, higher crime rates, increased noise. congestion, sedimentation. air and water pollution. Richard Stiles. an economist for the Western Nonh Carolina Tomorrow group, a primary motivator behind the push for an 1-26 corridor, actually maintains that an interstate- level highway would be less ecologically damaging than expansion of the present Rt. 23. He says that this is because an interstate would have only limited access, rather than being lined with development. Such an analysis shows a complete ignorance or disregard for the idea that there is any limit to the regional canying capacity for human beings. T11U, 1989 Ptn:cmage Change in !>()pulation Size. Ra1c of Na1ural lncrcase. and Net Mignuion Rate for lhc Average of !he Eighteen Wt"stcm Counlle• of We.tern Nonh Carolina, 1940-1980 LEGEND: - - Rate of PopulallOD Change -""" ··· · Net Migrabon Rate: · • • - - Ra1e of Natural ln~ase 25 20 - 15 10 5- 0-5 ·IO· . :?Q - 1940-50 1950-60 1960-70 1970-80 (1971 l'"'JOC- ) Source: S«io-£c()namlc OverviLW of W~s1u11 Vorrli. Carol1NJ fo r ti!, Vtu11aMla PusaJi VaiwNd Fou compilttl by the .•t Sou1hnn Appalachian Ccnlef, Man Hall College, Mars Halt, NC Direct displacement by the interstate construction and resulting commercial development will remove thousands of acres of relatively undeveloped habitat. Migration routes and range areas of different animals will be disrupted by the cut-out, paved-over, and fenced-in interstate route. A new interstate route will greatly increase fragmentation of habitaL The forest north of Asheville will be severed by a route comparable in size and volume to the 1-40 interstate. Instead of one habitat area • however patchy and ragged it is at present - there will be 1wo smaller areas. The local gene pool, already in disucss, will be divided in half once again. However. the most damaging effect will be the ucmcndously increased volume of traffic that will pass over the new highway. A new superhighway will mean more use. more commerce, more in-migration, more human demands on the already over-stressed habitat. We long ago overshot the capacity of this region to suppon the weight of our population. As access opened the mountains to the ravages of unrestrained technology at the turn of the century, so now is it bringing in unrestrained numbers of human beings. We arc the greatest threat to habitat in the Southern Appalachians. Rather than manage the forest to meet our unending demands, we need to manage ourselves. our numbers and our way of life. that the forest may continue. In the long run, this would be the best for all the inhabitants of the mountain forestlands. ourselves included. This process requires values that are at once new and at the same time very, very old. These values arc the substance of the biorcgional vision. We need to learn/remember them and pass them on. Only then will we be able to approach a reasonable carrying capacity of human beings in the Katuah province of the Appalachian biorcgion. ~ Xot.Uah Journot p119e 23 �J CAPTIVE BEARS FREED! "ROAD MANIA" SLOWED NabJral World News Service Senator Wyche Fowler, Jr. (D-GA) led the US Senate lo adopt an amendment to the interior appropriations bill that cut the road-building budget of the US Forest Service by $65 million. Vowing lO curb "road-building mania" in the Forest Service, Fowler called on his Senate colleagues to pass the amendmenL They responded 55-44 in favor of the measure. Twenty-rive million of the recovered money would be returned to the federal treasury. The balance would be used for stewardship programs, habitat improvement, and land acquisition. In calling for support of the amendment, Fowler cited a Congressional Research Service study that found that road construction was the most environmentally damaging aspect of the Forest Service timber program. OTTERS MAKE A COMEBACK ... AND A GETAWAY Natunil World News Service CARNIVOROUS PLANT LISTED Norural Wbrld News Service NllUnl) World News Service Recent events in Cherokee drew attention to the plight of caged and exploited black bears. One evening this summer, several bears were "liberated" from Saunooke's Bear Den show by unknown individual(s). A large hole was cut in the outer wall of the enclosure, through which the bears escaped along the creek into the surrounding woods, and hopefully into the Great Smoky Mountains National Parle. The outcome for the escapees is unknown: Saunooke has made no comment as to whether or not the bears were quickly recaptured or escaped into the wild. In any case, this evem effectively brought the bear's situation to the attention of local media. People for the Ethical TreaUTient of Animals have annouoced plans to protest in Cherokee on September 9, 1989. They have been warned off by the Chief of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation, Jonathan L. Taylor. A clear message appeared on August 15, 1989 in the Asheville Ci1iz11n-Times that any animal rights protesters would be arrested and prosecuted for "interfering• with the reservati.on practice of exploiting bears. lo a pointed way. it is clear that on the reservation, as in many areas or Katuab. the rights or humans to exploit the bears supercedes any rights of the animal species. Loss of freshwater wetland habitat has eliminated or threatened many plant and animal species throughout the country. The US Fish and Wildlife Service has recently proposed to add to the Endangered Species List the mountain sweet pitcher plant (Sorrounio rubro ssp. jonesii). Native only to a few motmtaln bogs and streamsides in southwestern North Carolina and northwestern South Csrolina along the Blue Ridge Divide, the mounuiin sweet pitcher plant has been reduced from 26 known historical populations to only 10. The pitcher plant has been the victim of drainage of bogs. flooding. convctsion or the land for agriculture and grazing, various other forms of land development, and collection. Eight of the remaining 10 populations survive on private land where they may be subject to habitat alteration and collection by fanciers or carnivorous plants; the other two are situaicd on State or South Carolina lands. but are also vulnerable to recreation and illegal collection. The mountain sweet pitcher plant, like other carnivorous plants, traps and digests insects for food. 11 grows up to 29 inches in height, producing showy. typically maroon flowers gracefully suspended on single tall stems, each covered with a hood. Insects. attracted to the mouth of the pitcher by sweet secreted nectar, crawl or fall into the pitcher. Their escape is prevented by a smooth slippery surface just inside the mouth of the pitcher. and by stiff hairs lining the interior or the pi!Cher tubes, pointing downward. The insects are digested in the enzyme.filled fluid secreted int the pitchers. The mountain sweet pitcher plant and its related species have long inspired curiosity and wonder. Unless they are protected and s:ived they will soon inspire only memories. Your comments can be addressed to the Asheville Field Office: US Fish and Wildlife Service; 100 Otis Street (Room 224); Asheville, NC 28801. ACID RAIN A PROVEN KILLER NabJral World News Service A link between acid precipitation and a wsease which bas killed thousands of dogwood trees may have been proven by US Forest Service plant pathologist Robert Anderson and colleagues. Dogwood anthracnose, or dogwood blight, caused by Disculo fungus species, was first found to be infecting trees in the Northeast and the Pacific Northwest about 10 years ago (see Kotuoli Journal #21). Since then, it has spread lO many of the Southeastern states and caused high mortality among both woodland and ornamental dogwoods. More than one quarter million acres in Kllttiah have been affected by the disease. Otters, absent from the Smoky Mountains following excessive trapping and logging activities during the 1930's, are making a comeback. Not only are they successfully surviving in several reintroduction sites, they arc claiming ierritoric:; across mountain ronges from their points of rcintr0duction. Nine nvcr otters were rclea.~ into thc Little River on the Tennessee side of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and at least two have crossed into Nonh Carolina drainages. The ouers arc eluding the tracking efforts of researchers. even though fitted with surgically-implanted radio transmitters. Kim Dcl..o'1ier, wildlife biologist for the Park. says, "Most of them have moved extensive disuinces from the release site to other drainages. We really don't know why they are moving so much." Recently, biologists have been able to track the otters only by air. A few oucrs from a 1986 release project an the Cades Cove area of the Parle also were sighted later in Nonh Carolina waters. FtShermcn have expressed concern that ottcrs will destroy game fish, but analysis or oner scat from river banks bv University of Tennessee researchers revealed that scat piles contain no trout bones. "Trout are fast and much harder to catch," says DeLozier. Instead. the otters prefer slow-moving fish like white suckers. daces, sculpins, and hogsuckers, says DeLo1Jer. For the ouers, •...these slow-moving fish ate like picking sweets from a candy store." The next proposed release of river ouers will Ulke place as early as this winter in a watershed on the Nonh Carolina side of the Park...but don't expect them to stay there for long. Xai.imh Journal pmJe 24 The disease is chanictcrized by putple-rimmcd leaf spots. followed by twig, brunch. and stem cankers. Trees ID the forest • parucularly trees growing ID moist environments at high elevations - suffer more from anthracnose than omrunental dogwoods located where the disease can be controlled by cultural practices. Among wild dogwoods, the disease is expected to continue 10 spread throughout the South. In the past researchers had not been successful m producing anthracnose symptoms on trees which had been inoculated with lhe Disculo fungus in the laboratory. In the recently reported experiments. one year old dogwood seedlings were exposed to various levels of simulated acid rain at a Forest Service lab. The seedlings were then exposed to Disculo inoculum and the subscquem rate of infection was noted. Exposed to the fungus alone, the trees showed no sign or the blight. but as the rain acidity levels were increased there appeared a corresponding increase in infection. Research is continuing to determine if the acid rain/anthracnose connectio~an be observed in dogwoods growing under field cond111ons. Anderson's work will be helpful in effons to s:ive the tree that bears the North Carolina state nowcr. Perhaps more importantly. however, his experiments have proven a link bclwecn acid rain and plant disease and decline. It is commonly accepted that airborne pollution is contributing 10 the deaths or red spruce and Fraser fir treeS at high altitudes in the mountruns, but Anderson's experiments offer the first scientifically accepted proof that acid min is a major culprit in any instance or forcs1 degradation. The logo above symbolizes the commitment of the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League to protect the integrity of the New River. The group is demanding that the State of North Carolina carry ou1 its rc.~nsibility to protect the river as a fcder:illy-dc.~ign:ncd Wild and Scenic River area. The New is presently designated a Wild and Scenic River for 26.5 miles or its length, but this designation is threatened by an alarming rate of de,•clopmcnt along its banks and a proposed water treaUTient plan! upstream of the fcderally-pro1cc1cd zone (sec Ka1t1aliJourna/ If 24). Join the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League's efforts on behalf of the New River. Contact BREDL: Box 1308; W. Jefferson, NC 28694. raC!., 1989 �. SAHC TO REVISE PROPOSAL Nmural World News Strnce The Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy (SAHC) has announced !hot il will drop o proposed National Scenic Area Proposal thllt the group hnd drafted as potential leg1slauon 10 define m:inagemcnt policy for the 24,000 acres of spcc18Cular landscape known as the Highl:inds of R0311. The ongin:ll propos:>I met w11h protest from local l:indowncrs and building conl13Ctors who felt thllt lhcii propcny rights would be violated by the plan. The SAHC sud m a prepared sl3tcmcm, "Since u has been our hope from the beginning !hot a proposal could be drafted which met with the approval of all part1e~ •... SAHC has withdrawn 1ts proposal for lhe present and 1ntcods IO revise the same <;<>as IO hopefully '™=Ct the conocms of local l'CSldcnts md landowners.• The conservauon group pbns to hold both formal and informal mceungs with all CO'ICcmcd to come up wilh a new and belier proposal for keeping inl.3Cl the beauty of the Roon Highlllnds. NC ROAD BINGE Nonnl World News Service The North Carolina state legislature overwhelmingly passed a bill o~ July 26 that will contnbute greatly to mushrooming development in the Klllliall province. By a House vote of 95-19 and a Senate vote of 39-11, lhe legislature raufied a highway package rood bill calling for S9. I billion for road construction throughout the Slate. In campaigning for the bill carher, Republican GovClllOI" J1m Martin vowed IO bnng every resident of the state within 10 miles of a fow--lanc highway. The bill would fund major road-building and road-widening projects and pave thousands of miles of ara,-cl roads. Pnrndox1cally, the governor turned against his own bill when Senate Democrats added a provision to use incrca~ vehicle sales taxes for 11110 years to fund pay raises for 1eaehcrs and swc employc:cs. But legislators did not respond to the governor's last-minute call to tum down lhe revised bill. Among the projects IO be funded by the massive highway constrUCtion act are widening of US 23 in Madison County 10 cn::ue a four-lane roadway between Asheville, NC and Johnson City. TN: widening of US 19-19E between Mars Hill and Ingalls m Avery County: expansion of US 19 between Bryson City and Andrews: widening of US 441 soulh of Franklin: and construction of a loop IO circle west of Asheville between 1-26 and US 23. 1"c:i[(, I 989 FRIENDS OF GRANDFATHER temperawrc in the river, which would cause populations of fish and olha- life to decline. Geologically, the Grandfather Mountain Window, where some of the oldest rock exposed on earth juus out of the gl'OWld, provides a unique glimpse into the past. 11 is estimated lhat Grandflllher Mountain is between 625 to 680 million years old, placing its formation during the Precambrian era, a time when life still existed primarily in the seti. and microorganisms were prom111CnL Fncnd~ of Grandfather is c , rently securing 501(c)3 non-profit status with the Elisha Mitchell Audubon Soc1c1y. It has also received suppon from the Blue Ridge Group of the Sierra Club and is worlcing with the Trust for Public Lands. To become involved or 10 send a donation to the Friends of Grandfather Mountain Fund please write to them at: P.O. Box 239: Sugar Grove, NC 28679. Nonnl World Ne"°' Service On !he northwest slope of Grandfather Mountain hes 1,200 acres for sale. 900 acres of lhis is owned by lhc Wilmore Corporation, headed by John Williams and Hugh Monon. A master pion has been drawn up which any developer interested in buying the property must agn:c to. Tiie sellers see this master plan. which includes a ski slope, shopping mall. convention center, golf course, and 200 or more homesiteS as being earned out m an envll"Ol\mentally conscious way. Friends of Grandfather Mountain is a group of concerned local citir.ens working to keep these envuonmentally sensiuve areas mtact by initiaung a media cnmpaign and an effort to purchase the land. By purchasing the land and placing it in the care of a conservation organi1.auon, perhaps future generations can enJOY at least one moun1:1m whose i.rrcplacable beauty lives unscathed. In protceting the land, douns of species of plants and animals would also be protccted. Many vnriwes of irces, and several rare nnd threatened plants and animals eiust on and near the 900 acre tract up for sale. Of pnme botanical concern are the Blue Ridge goldenrod and the Hclleri bla7jng star, both growing on the Profile Cliffs directly above the endangered land. These species are listed as critically globally imperiled by the Natural Heritage Program. The Blue Ridge goldenrod is also CODSJdered endangered by the State of North Carolina. DU"CClly off the Shanty Springs Trail arc bent avcns and lnuhng wolfsbane. These bcauuful plants arc also globally imperiled. Their ap(>C3rllllce is considered rare nnd highly localized. The proposed development would also displace hundreds of animal species mcludmg: deer. racoon, opposum. red and grey fox, bobcats and an occasional bear. Newly discovered is the presence of the northern Oying sqwrrcl, a "Jlt'CiCS endangered in the Sl&IC of North Carolina, just above the glade on the Shanty Springs trail. These small, nocturnal creatures seem 10 be declirung because of changes in vegetation and habitat disturbance. The population of these rare squirrels at Grandfather Mountain is the farthest north the species has been discovered in the state. Also, disturbing the territory below the hacking site for young endangered pe.rigrine falcons may reduce the chance of the mature birds renuning lO breed in lhal area. From the westtm slope of Calloway Peak, the highest peak in the Blue Ridge Range, spring three pristme streams which form the headwaters of the Linville and Watauga Rivers. Both rivers are currently being proposed for designation as Outstanding Resource Waters. The Watauga River may be unable to support additional treated wastewat.Ct, awaillng further LCSts by the NC Division of Environmental Management. Wastewater treallllent standards for the nver have already been made motC Stringent, and in some 111.S1allCC$ new pcnmts have been denied. Any silt or 1dditional emuent into lhcsc headwaters may ruin the nver"s quality. Of critical imponance is the potentinl increase of average water ACID VEINS Narunl World Ne"°' Sen-a The final mslallment of a ten year study on acid rain for the Kau1ah biorcgion has recently been released by Lhe Environmental Prolec:tion Agency. The final rcpon states th:11. 1f current sulfur emissions continue et the present rate, 129 streams in the region will become acidic within SO )'ClltS, and 203 additional sueams will be occasionally acidic. Researchers also projected the possibility of increases in sulfur emission during the same 50 year period. Starling with a steady inc= of 20% in the first 10 years and continuing for 15 years, then leveling offin the next 2S years. At lhis level 159 streams would become acidic:, and 340 would be potcntJally vulnerable IO periodic acidification. Presently there are no S11C811lS in KatWlh that are considered aciC:ic, and jUSt lhree are eswnated IO have an ac1d-ncutrali21ng capacity or lower than 50 m1cro-equ1valcnts per liter • the estimated vulnerability threshold or streams becoming temporarily acidic during heavy snow melts and rainstorms. Sulfur dioxide, wh.icb is convened in the atmosphere into acid, 1s primarily produced by C031-buming power plants and other industries. Oxides or n11.rogcn arc released in approxim3tely similar amounts by automobiles and industry. Even though the CIU"Tcm presidential admlnlscraUon has proposed a 10 million ton reduction in sulfur diollidc emissions and a two million ton reduction in nitrogen oxide releases over the next decade. one of lhe best means to reduce poisonous emissions is energy conservation, which lessens lhc need for both existing and proposed power plants. Here are some organizations that offer catalogs contammg energy-effiCIClll products: Tiie Renew America Prop:t: 1001 Connecticut Avenue NW (Sutte 63&): Washington, DC 20036 (&02) 862-2999 and The Rocky Mountain Institute: 1739 Snowmass Creek Road: Old Snowmass. CO 81654. �Gathering I dream the spirits gather, Gather in a space outside my Room. They call my name over DRUMMING And over, I stand Before them and their voices are The howling of wolves, lhe cooing of doves, LETIERS TO KATUAH We are in another place, They are touching me, I feel like a candle With a tall flame, They give me messages, When I wake I can only remember The voices of doves, Of Wolves, and the way We wavered over this world, Dear KatUah. I'm writing to thank you for sending the Katilah Journal all the way over to Swil.l.erlandl h's very important lhat people sian to think and care more and more about our environmental problems ALL OVER the world! I'm looking forward to your next issue! The seem of sandalwood. - Palricia Claire Peters YourS sincerely. Christine Moser ~t:.~S· p$. o-t$S ~ ri..~ \)~ tjl{C\;1!1 ~G·s~~s .~'.tS ....o~ ,.c9v~st:.•S v J\}t>G1!i :iS ~~ Dear Friends at Katrlal1 Journ(l/:, Dear Katilah Journal People, Your summer '89 issue on Ptau in the Mowttains was a moment of serendipity for me as well as good energy and inspiration. It connected with my moment of comple{ing a silk screened print inspired by and incorporating the Cherokee words for Water and S~ 7~(~:t;;)are:\JA 0' (pUJL'-) Phone~ally pronounced: ~ - q Ma. Justice prevails - this time - in S.E. Georgia. If here, anywhere! Your publication is excellent, keep it running. Can we do an exchange with you? At this time, it's a little out of balance, but the best we can do. h's all part of the same problem greed and power. Pax, Martina. John and Donna St. Mary's, GA ~ L/A1.,;1 -tho 1t1 :JU.. Several Cherokee people (Laura King, Pheasant Driver, Mary and G.B. (Going Back) Chiltosky) helped me with this identification and pronunciation. ~ 1hi1 G: spoken with urgency because water is critically essential to life. yours, delighted and connected, Margaret Gregg Jonesborough. TN love Story ! lie wirh the Eanlt Ukea lover. Embracing Her Enfolded in Her fragrance In the heat of Her body Through langucrous swooning afternoons And rhythmic pulsing nights. She is With me Dear KatW!h folks. A new book is out. that all serious gardeners and fanncrs should have. h's called Secrets of the Soil by Peter Tomkins and Christopher Bird (Harper & Row, 1989). Please try to get a copy! - from Knotts Island, NC Arowuim£ Inside me. Oneness. Greenness. Wilderness. Wildness. Swirling in the spiral Lost in Mystery. Knowing the Unknowable. -Mary dt La Va/ttte Xatiulh Jou.rnal p1i9e 26 f'aU., 1989 �Dear Friends. Greiuly enjoyed your spring issue. ns usual. need to call your attention, however, to what I consider the Planet Art article's wholely uncritical appr~~al of the current 'crystal craf.e'. So I thought I would send along Earth F1rster. Karen DcBraaJ's brillnnt linlc piece on crystals as an 31ltcdote. from 'Live Wild or Die', n recent Eanh First! dcnvauve. Please consider pnnting 1L Sincerely. Bill McCormick Crozet. VA Enclosed anic:lc {b) Karen OcBf.131): Crystals. Their shimmering beauty vibrates deep into your being, helping your being, helping you setf-actuahzc wuh healing powers und guided imageries. Cool and hip, right? New age and stylin', yes? But at what price? Well. hell, can a price be put on spirituality? Can a price be put on how the earth feels when her powerful energy trnnsm1uers and hc:llers arc ripped from her bowels for a profit, be u monetary orspmtual? The ripping (np off) of crysuils from the earth is causing her to ulcerate. Great eroding <;ear; rc,ult from the hungry hordes scouring the U.S.N:uional Forcsts (mainly in Arkansas) and areas in other counties, such as Mexico and Brazil. Armed to the teeth wuh screwdrivers, shovels and bulldozers, new-age hucksters and spiritual profiteers. well-meaning heaters and seelcers of the sacred arc mining and tearing at the earth with no thought of the cost to her. The environmental impact of our spiritually starved, buclc-hungry droves is not a consideration. Think about it. The next time you stroll by Toots for Fools (no kidding) or any other nashy crystal store in Santa Crut or elsewhere, and sec those t.v. si1~ cryslJlls glimmering in the display window, think about the hole it left when it was wrenched out by its roots. like a bloody wisdom t00th from a gum. And all those smaller oncs... thcy aren't laying around the forest noor like pine cones. "It resembles Gold Rush Days." said Montgomery County Sheriff James Carmack in Spectrum (Dee. 23, 1987). when asked about crysllll seekers in the Oucitn National Forest and surrounding areas in Arkansas. According to Carmack, people vandalve the area by stealing crystals from legal mines and digging illegal muics. These all cause erosion. The Forest Service liberally grants crystal mining permit,, 3Ccording to Spectrum. but the fees generated don't begin to cover the cost of m:>nitoring the mines or contr0lhng 1llcgnl hunters. Sure. crystals are poweiful. But maybe they are where they are for a reason. Leave them there, where the earth c11n use them as she sees fiL It is mter.:sung thnt newagc folks, who profess to care for the earth are so blinded by the crystal light that they are dcstr0ymg whnt they profess LO love. Their cryswls are bloody. Docs our endlessly raped earth need more of this? The NFS and the crystal-hungry massc.~ need to hear from environmentalists: crystal mining 1s yet another massive wounding that our earth doesn't need. We need to heal ourselves by healing the earth. Boycou crystals! If you own them, don't O:iunt them, which encourages others to get them. Let the NFS know th3t you don't want them to grant any more crystal mining permits. Let people know that crysrols belong to the earth! '' • J '· I .' Draw111g by Sw Adams Dear KatUah, I picked up the wonderful winter issue of your excellent and much needed publication at the Tremont Center in the Smokies. This issue has changed my perception and my life. I hope to live in the area some day. although I mny Opl to have a cabin in the woods of Kentucky or Indiana. It has been a dream LO live m the forest for a long time • by a stream. I wish to support and join the struggle for unity with the planet we inhabit. for stopping heedless exploiUltion and destruction, for nurturing life. I am in the process of nunuring my own life (much damaged in childhood). This nunurmg is most harmonious with the healing of the planet. Thanks for your work, Starfire Forest Voices I Sleeping on the wall of the world arching over the sun with the c11n•e off est trees or wlwse tips are rwe11ry leagues high i11 the morni11g light casting golde11 leaf shadows in this green place. The high wind orchestrates irs wisdom with the forest: Be at peace with the fly and pain of bursitis Let the heali11g ofthe pla11et be pan ofyou. Be one with me 2. Hush, the gods of the forest are speaking. They toss the sun with their fingers. The liale gods rising from the growui are staffs oftruth, each blade ofgrass a word of wisdom. 3. listen, the voice ofthe wmer sings, the naiad ofthe stream whispers 10 the silent one who rests by her way. The butterflies above are mating and the weefolk are white water rafting dow11 her tiny rapids in small spherical crafts. She says thar happiness is here with the jwnpingjish alld the drops of rain quietly sampling the edge of1he storm. Here hidden and safe I would wish to stay. 4. W01erfa/ls in nLrlung laugluer as white fire ascends in balance ofcoll/I/er energies providing one another's needs in mandala of reality, body alld spirit. -S111rfire Soledad f'p(t, 1989 �(conlinucd from page 7) habitat types represented in the landscape, the belier the possibilities for rhc survival of rhc whole. Older, more mature forests musr extend over many contiguous sites, not just on ridges and in coves, for successful migration of species. For life to adapt 10 changing conditions, reproduction of all but the most highly .inobile, weedy species must occur on adjacent sites. Following the mosr recent ice age, forest communities migrated at a rare of only a few miles per century as the climate v.'nmled over rhe course of thou,ands of years In the coming century, species tha• cnmnnsc marurc fore t communities musr migrate ar a rate perhaps I0 times faster, an impossible feat from isolated. fragmented habiratS. Optimum regional biodiversity, therefore, requires a continuity of habitats across the landscape in a mosaic of mature communities that includes all topographic conditions: ridges, nonh and south slopes, coves, streams and gorges, balds, and bogs. FederaJ protection has recently been extended 10 many of rhc latter communities (at least those thar are not commercially imponant) as Congressionally designated Wilderness Areas. But nearly all of the remainder - the large areas of contiguous second-growth forests that arc now cconomicaJly mature - is destined for violent disturbance before the tum of rhc cenmry. Defining Old-Growth Forests Forests managed for commercial timber and wild game species provide a great diver:;ity of plant and animal species through logging and other planned disturbances. Therefore, it is the conclusion of Forest Service policy makers that timber and game management activities meet the legal requirement for biodiversity. The one condition that managed forests do not meet is that of providing for the types of natural diversity in critically short supply: those associated with mature old-growth forests. The condition "old-growth" is defined by the Southern Region of the US Forest Service as any forest stand over 100 years of age. This completely arbitrary definition fails to meet the biological requisites for a mature forest, because it simply means that any forest stand older than an economic rotation for commercial timber harvest is classed as "old-growth." From the biological standpoint, an old-growth forest contains trees in all age classes, including dying, standing dead, and fallen dead trees. Because most of the trce species that comprise old-growth stands in the Southern Appalachian forests do not reach biological maturity for 200-400 years (and pcrhnps longer 10 be wcll-rcpresenied in t11e dying and dead tree categories), the present-day second-growth hardwood forests must be left free of disturbance for at least another 150 years. Even then, many micro-habitat niches provided by old windthrown trees, standing dead snags, and rotting logs will not become available until yet another century has passed. More imponantly, most of the plants and animals of our second-growth forests represent mid-successional species, which are not those that will eventually be present in the climax communities. The maturing forests of today will undergo dynamic changes in species composition when left undisturbed until they reach a condition of biological old-growrh. JCGtwm )o"rnaL paq~ 28 Artwork by Joma RN!a Herc we should dispel several common misconceptions regarding old-growth forests. First, old-growth srands arc not decadent. On the contrary, they arc dynamic and teeming with life. As old crees fall. many new niches are created for other plants and animals, both in the canopy overhead and in the rotting wood on the forest floor. Many microhabitats undergo constant micro-successions of plants and animals, as new niches arc created and old ones disappear. A second myth is that "old-growth" is synonymous with "wilderness." This is cenainly not true in eastern Nonh America, where we have very liulc true old-growth in areas that have been Congressionally designated as "Wilderness." There is one important difference between the two. Legal Wilderness is by definition for hwnon beings. a commodity for people to enjoy as a recreational experience, and it is managed as such by the public agencies. Old-growth forest is for bioro, preserved for the intrinsic value of all the various forms of biological diversity therein. Managing for old-growth, however, does not exclude use by people. rn fact, old-growth forests enhance benefits such as recreation, wildlife habitat, visual quality, and stream quality, as well as providing for essential biological diversity. Restoring Old-Growth Diversity We return full circle to the opening paragraph of this paper. "Today we stand at the threshold of a great decision" - one of the most imponant for public land use since the creation of the national forests. Current management plans for the Southern Appalachian national forests call for widespread timber harvest, largely by clearcurting, for most of the 60 to 80 year old second-growth stands that have reached economic maturity. There arc provisions in some forest management plans to temporarily preserve five percent of each harvested component (approximately 50 acres for each 1000 acres harvested) for old-growth . However, these temporary reserves are only fragments surrounded by young managed stands, and even these may also be harvested in the future. Tree species in the young stands created by harvesting will be heavily biased toward those with known commercial value, such as eastern white pine, yellow poplar, and the red and white oaks. This would reduce natural diversity ai.d would also reduce the potential for genetically stable communities in the future. An orientation toward timber management is not going to maintain regional biological diversity in its broadest sense. The United States IOOth Congress stated, "The Eanh's biological diversiry is being rapidly depleted at a rate without precedent in human history....Mosr losses of biological diversity are largely avoidable consequences of human activity ....Mointoining biological diversity through habitat preserv01ion is often less costly and more effective than ejforrs ro save species once tltey become endangered." (Quoted from H.R. 4335. 1988, emphasis added). We frequently hear reports of distinguished biological scientists warning that human-caused destruction of naturaJ habnats is the single most serious threat to survival of life as we know it on our planet. The loss of genetic diversity and the loss of entire ecosystems arc occurring at an accelerating pace around the world. The Southern Appalachian Mountains arc a pan of this grim picture. But the existing public lands have the potential to restore the natural diversity provided by the old-growth forests currently missing from the Appalachian biorcgion. Unbroken, naturally-functioning habitats must be restored here to provide the basic life suppon systems necessary to carry all forms of life through rhe unfolding ecological catastrophe of our times. We can overcome rhc mental blindness that would have us believe that providing commodities for people is the uhimote use for the Appalachian national forests. We can expand our vision to keep in mind the value of habitat, the foundation for all life. Whole and healthy habitats provide the necessary elements for the continued survival of the entire global ecosystem. Robert Zollner was a professor of forestry at Clemson Universiry specializing in the ecology of Sowhern Appalachian hardwoods until lus retirement in 1988. f'~U.. 1989 �LIVING GREEN <O Christoph and Mary-Clayton Endcrlein The Oreen Movement is more than 1 political ideology because Green vallltS also involv~ how we live every day. This list is for thl>se who have lhe "Green Spirit" and would like IO i~rponlle II further tnlO _daily living...Only by activating the ilel1IS on lhis list, can our grea1-grea1-grea1 gra~c~1ldren have an opponunuy. interacl directly wilh lhe grea1 whales, lhe elephanlS. the ravens, lhe wolves. This hs1 was created by Interspecies Communication board member ChrisU>ph Enderlein and his wife Mary-ClaylOll. Feel free IO copy. bul do llOl change i1 wilhoul permission. '° Recycle paper, glass, and metals . Recycle motor oil, dispose of hazardous waste responsibly Use cloth diapers Reuse egg cartons and paper bags Avoid using styrofoam . Avoid disposable plates, cups, utensils Use rags instead of paper towels . Use paper bags, not pa~r towels to drain ~se Give away rather than dispose of unneeded nems IO. Use the back of discardable paper for scratch paper 11. Be responsible and creative with leftover food 12. Use the water from cooking vegetables to make soup 13. Mend and repair rather than discard !llld replace 14. Invest in well-made functional clothing 15. Buy bulk and unpackaged rather than packaged ~oods 16. Purchase goods in reusable and recyclable containers 17. Buy organic, pesticide-free foods 18. Avoid highly processed foods 19. Eat foods from low on the food chain 20. Compost your food scraps 21. Grow your own food (even small kitchen gardens) 22. Volunteer to start or help with a community garden 23. Suppon your local food co-ops 24. Discover where the foods and goods you buy come from 25. Buy locally grown produce and other foods . 26. Use glass and steel cookware rather~ alu1TU11um 27. Volunteer to maintain local parlts and wilderness 28. Buy living Christmas trees 29. Plant trees in your community 30. Learn about the plants and animals in your re~on 31. Discover your watershed and work to protect II 32. Oppose the use of roadside defoliants in your area 33. Use non-toxic, biodegradable soaps and cleansers 34. Use non-toxic pest control 35. Don't buy products tested on animals 36. Keep hazardous chemicals in spillproof containers 37. Put m a water conserving shower head 38. Take shoner showers 39. Tum off the water while you brush your te~th 40. Put a water conservation device on your toilet 41. Learn where your waste and sewage goes 42. Learn where the energy for your home comes from 43. Suppon your local utility's conservation programs 44. Hang your clothes out to dry 45. Be sure your home is appropriately insulated 46. Weather-seal your home thoroughly 47. Heat your home responsibly, with renewable energy 48. Don't bum green wood 49. Choose the longterm investment of solar energy 50. Tum off lights when not in use 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Ta!!.1989 Drawing by Rob Messi<:lr. 51. Tum down your hot water heater 52. Lower your thcnnostat and wear warmer clothes 53. Buy energy efficient elccuical appliances 54. Keep your car engine well tuned 55. Drive a fuel-efficient car that uses unleaded gas 56. Walk, bicycle, carpool, and use public transponation 57. Shop by phone first, then pick up your purchases 58. Use rechargable batteries 59. Research socially-responsible investments 60. Suppon local credit unions . 61. Suppon local shops and restaurants. not chruns 62. "Adopt a grandparent" from the local senior center 63. Volunteer to cook for senior citizens 64. Provide for children in need 65. Hold a community potluck to meet your neighbors 66. Pick up liner along highways and near your home 67. Sponsor a clothes swap 68. Become involved with community projects and events 69. Organize or panicipate in community spons 70. Be responsible for the values you express 71. Educate yourself on global and "Third World" issues 72. Participate in sister city and cultural exchanges 73. Learn about the cultural diversity in your region 74. Work for global peace 75. Learn how your legislators vote, let them know your views 76. Be an active voter and anend town meetings 77. Vote for candidates who support green values 78. Become involved with your child's school 79. Encourage your child's natural talents and interests 80. Organize or join a toy co-op 81. Put toxic substances out of reach of children 82. Teach your children ecological wisdom 83. Listen to your children's needs and suppon their dreams 84. Discourage the use of violent toys in your household 85. Communicate openly with your co-workers and friends 86. Acknowledge someone who provides quality service 87. Work to understand people with different values 88. Be conscious of the struggles of oppressed people 89. Unlearn cultural sexism and racism 90. Acknowledge individual spirituality in yourself and others 91. Donate blood if your health permits 92. Explore ways to reduce the stress in your life 93. Practice preventive health care 94. Exercise regularly and eat wisely 95. Bring music and laughterinto your life 96. Learn about the medications you put in your body 97. Practice responsible family planning 98. Learn First Aid and emergency procedures 99. Take time to play, relax and go into nature JOO.Decrease TV watching and increase creative learning IOI.Have fun and be joyful! JC.atiuah JournGt p!MJB 29 �Whether you are a New Age prosperity afti m1a11onist or an idealistic pauper avoiding guilt by association with money, either way you look at it, inflation has deemed our dollars paper symobls of wealth that does not exist. A practical person cannot help but wonder how long before the big balloon pops and blows all our preny greenbacks away. There is a low-level anxiety present concerning our inflated economy which has prompted many people 10 s1ockpile food. move back to the land, and in many other ways be as self-sufficient as possible. This awareness is helpful in keepi ng us on our 1oes and ready for change, which is inevitable, even if it is unpredictable. However, survivalist consciousness can be devastating if you spend all your energy preparing for the fall of the existing order and deny yourself the bounty of the present, which is all we have really got. It seems important to balance respect for the preseni solu1ion of problems within 1 he world in which we live, however imperfect, with a vision and steps LOward an economics rooted in life. Barter Fairs offer a deeply satisfyin g eicperience for those who long to participate in a tangible, life-oriented exchange system, where true value is considered. As an example, here is a trade I witnessed at a Saner Fair in Idaho a few years ago: George had an anvil that Dennis wanted, but all Dennis had brought to trade were moccasins, which George did not need. Dennis kept coming back to George longing for that anvil, which George could not find anybody else to take. Meanwhile, George had found some gorgeous jewelry he could not live without, and in talking to the crafter he discovered that she was looking for some footwear. George told her about Dennis. They did a threesome, and the goods shifted hands. All three lightened !heir loads and left richer. Ideally the three people involved in the trade did not translate their goods into money value and compare their worth that way. They each il~d a.a abundance of something of which they no longer had a need and convened it into something they preferred to carry around with them. The anvil may have been worth $150 new, but to George it was just unused heavy baggage. Those jewels might have carried a hefty price tag at a craft fair. but since George had such a yearning gaze and such an open smile, the artist easily chose to exchange them for Dennis' moccasins, which could never have been sold for so much money, but fit her feet like her own skin, to her infinite comfort and delight. BARTER FAIR All judgement on money ethics aside, bartering goods and services without the value translation of money is a stimulating, heart-warming, and enlightening activity. The true value of things is discovered to be subjective. The shifting of a fair full of items to their most valuing recipients is wondrous in its unfoldment; the grounds for transfer are infinitely variable. The phenomenon of the modem American Bane. Fair originated in the Pacific Northwest, a r region with a well-developed bioregional awareness and a strong emphasis on self-sufficiency . The fairs are held semi-annually. The autumn fairs, coinciding with harvest season, are heavier on agricultural produce. In the spring, people bring more handmade items produced during the long winter. Both fairs are rich in reunions of friends, music-malting. sitting around campfires late into the night, and all the peripheral activitiCl> of the time and place. Barter Fairs are different than flea markets, although many people do bring used clothes, tools, and other goods to trade. They are more akin to the county fairs in the country. There is a spirit of festivity and pride in personal accomplishment and a sense of the bounty that comes of humanity working with nature. They are a celebration of the fruits of this union within a region of Earth. There is no reason I can see that Saner Fairs need to remain unique to the Northwest. Our southern highlands, historically short on money and high on resourcefulness, seem naturally suited to generate and support this kjnd of community celebration and self-sufficiency. Barter Fairs carry on a spirit with ancient roots in prehistoric times, when wandering tribes periodically gathered together in great council circles to define and experience their cultural autonomy. During later agric ultural periods fairs continued to stir human souls. Now in the age of K-Mart when you can hardly find a service station for your car, and pliers fall apart after one use, it is especially good to come together to celebrate our connectedness and support each other in our skills. Barter Fairs in Katuah will breed a healthy blend of personal pride and community empowennent. (Anyone with ideas on a good location to hold a Baner Fair in Kat1'ui11, please contact me. The main considerations are a flat place large enough to accommodate camping, parking, and trading for l ()() or so barterers and some daytime visitors; a good water source; and reasonable access by larger vehicles.) - Morgan Swann wrire clo KatUahJournal, orcaU (704)298-1770 '1\iaee, '1Wll~l 'Nat\Jri\ls KRLRNU T-SHIRTS. S WEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN BIOREG ION AL BOOKS AND TO OLS FOR LIUI NG IN APPALACHIA ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS CALL or WRITE for FREE COLOR CATALOG Natural Food Store The besl text on Deep Ecology, Sacred Land Sacred Sex Rapture of the Deep &Deli 160 Broadway Ashevllle, NC 28801 Where Broactw.y ~ Merrlmon Ave 6 ~240 by Dolores LaChapclle "...we should be glad 1/ia1 we have teaclws such as Dolores LaC/iapelle." - Katu:ih Joumnl 1123 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday-Satu rday: 9am·8pm Sunday: lpm·Spm $23.00 (Price Ulcludes postage) NC resikrus plt!4Se add S'k sales tax. Orderfrom: KALRNU (704) 253-7656 JGQtiwh Jo~rnat pl:ll)e 3 0 P 0 Box 282, Sy/yo, NC; K01aoh ProYinu 28789 f'at!, !989 �The dates are set. The location is chosen. The Fourth Norch American Bioregional Congress (NABC IV) will be held August 19-26, 1990 in the Gulf of Maine Bioregion on the shores of Lake Cobboosseecontee ("where the sturgeon leap" in the Penobscot language) just west of Augusta, Maine and the Kennebec River. This Congress finds the bioregional movement at a critical juncture. The burgeoning ecological crisis is going to test the depth of the movement's commilment. The stakes are high, and while Third World countries are currently taking the brunt of the ecologicar impact, we 100 feel the pressur~ here in North America a.~ the fortes maintaining industrial society struggle 10 keep their power. But times of crisis are also times of change. What we are witnessing could possibly be the last days of induscriaJ civilization. A great deal depends on what we do in the decade ahead. The bioregional movement could be at the pivot point of a great change, or it could end up as just another bit of flotsam sucked down the tubes. The values we hold to and the actions we take are what will decide. At NABC IV we will have an opportunity to clearly state those values and decide how we will put those values into action. Excerpt from World Charter for Nature NABC IV The Eanh is calling to us. Are we ready to listen? A delegation of bioregional folks from ·the Kaulah province will crave! to the Gulf of Maine for the NABC IV. We would like to see the Southern Appalachians well-represented at the Congress. Make plans now if you are interested in attending. For information on the forming Katuah delegation, contact: K011"1h Journlll Box 638 Leicester, NC Kanlah Province 28748 (704) 683-1414 For information on the Congress, contact: Gulf of Maine Biorcgional Network 61 Maine St. Brunswick, ME Gulf of Maine Bioregion 04011 • Leopold, Aldo; A Sund Country Almanac; Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1949 • Lovelock, J.E.; Goio: A New look at Life on Earth; Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1979 A Shon List of Sources and References on Biodiversity and Habirat Relevant to the Southern Appalachian Forest • Margolin, Malcolm; The Earth Manual: I/ow to Work on Wild Land Wi1hou1 Taming /1, Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1985 • Berger, John J.: Restoring the Earth: /low Americans An Working to Renew our Damaged Environment; New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986 • Maser, Chris; Tht Redesigned Forest: San Pedro, CA; R. & E. Miles, 1988 • Berry, Thomas. Tile Dream of 1h11 Ear1h; San Francisco; Sierra Club Books, 1988 • lfuxton, Barry and Melinda Crutchfield, eds.: Tiie Great Fores/: An Appalachian Story: Boone, NC; Appalachian Consortium Press, 1985 • Cooley, James L, and Jane H. Cooley, eds.; Natural Divtrsi1y in Fores/ Ecosystems: Proceedings of tht Workshop: Alhens; Institute of Ecology, University of GA. 1984 • Frome, Michael: Strangers in lligh Places; Knoxville, TN: University or Tennessee Press, 1966 • Gordon. Lorimer C.: S1and flis1ory and Dynamics of a Southern Appalachian Virgin Forts/; Ph. D. dissenation, Duke University DepL of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 1977 • Harris, Larry D.; Tht Frogmenltd Forest: Island Biogeogrophy Theory and 1he Prtstrvo1ion of Bio1ic Diversi1y; Chicago, IL: University or Chicago Press, 1984 • Jackson, Laura; Moun1oin Treasures al Risk; Washingion, DC; The Wilderness Society, 1989 • Kulhavy, D. L., and R. N. Conner, eds.;Wi/derntss and Natural Artas in Eas1ern United States: A Monogtmenl Chai/tinge; Nacogdoches, TX; Stephen F. Austin State University, 1986 1"titL, I 989 • Ma.stran, Shelley Smith and Nan Lowerre; Mountaineers and Rangers: A flis1ory of Federal Fores1 Monagemenl in 1he Sowhern Appalachians. 1900-1981: Washingion, DC; US Dcpan.mcnt of Agriculture, 1983 • Michaux, F.A.; Travels 10 tht Westward of 1he Alleghany Moun1oins in the States of Oliio. Kentucky, and Tennessee in 1he Year 1802; London; Barnard and Sulizer, 1805 • Myers, Normnn Or., gen. ed.; Goia: An Atlas of PIOlll!tory Monagtmem: New York; Anchor Books, 1984 • Nash, Roderick F.; The Righ1s of Nature: A History of Environmental E11iics: Madison; University of Wisconsin Press, 1989 • Norse, Elliot A.; Conserving Biological Diversiry in Our National Fortsis; Washington. DC; The Wilderness Society, 1986 • Norton, Bryon G., ed.; Tht Preservation of Species: Tht Value of Biological Diversity; Princeton, NJ; Princeion University Press. 1986 • Pringle, Laurence and Jan Adkins; Chains, Webs, & Pyramids: Tht Flow of Energy in Na1ure; New York; Thomas Y. Crowell, 1975 • Raven, Pete.r H.; The Global Ecosys1em in Crisis; Olicago:The MacAnhur Foundation, 1987 Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (9 Nov 1982) ".... I. Nature shaU be respected and iis essential processes shall not be impaired. 2. The genetic vinbility on the earth shnll not be compromised; lhe population levels or all life forms, wild and domesticated, must be at least sufficient for their survival, and to this end necessary habitaL~ shall be safcguan:lcd. 3. All areas or the canh. both land and sen, shall be subject to these principles of conservation; special protection shall be given to unique areaS, to representative samples of nil the different types or ecosystems and to lhe habitats or rare or endangered species. 4. Ecosystems and organisms, as well as the land, marine and atmospheric resources that are utilized by humans. shall be managed to achieve and maintain optimum sustainable productivity, but not in such a way as to endanger the integrity of those other ecosystems or species wilh which they coexist. 5. Nature shall be secure.<! against degradation caused by warfare or other hostile activities. 6. In lhe decision-making process it shall be recognized lhat humans' needs can be met only by ensuring the proper functioning or natural systems and by respecting the principles set forth in the present Chnner...." This UN Charter can serve as a starting point for local areas and regions to draft their own Charter for Nature. Legally recognizing the rights of other species is a critical step in bringing our species' syslem more in balance with the Life systems in which we pa rt id pate. If you would like a copy of the entire UN Charter, send a SASE to: Mamie Muller, Katuah Journal, P.O. Box 638, Leicester, NC 28748 Katuah Province. Please keep us in touch with your efforts. Ho! • Seed. John, Joanna Macy, et al.; Thinking Wee A Moun1oin: Towards A Council Of All Beings: Philadelphia; New Society Publishers, 1988. • Shands. William E. and Robert G. Healy; Thti Lands Nobody Won1ed: Washington, DC; The Conservation Foundation, 1977 • Shands, William E., and John S. Hoffmnn, eds.: The Greenhouse Ef!u1. Climate Change, and U.S. Fores1s; Washington, DC; The Conservation Foundation, 1987 • Spurr, Stephen H., and Bunon V. Barnes; Forts/ Ecology {3rd edition); New York; Wiley and Sons, 1980 • United States Congress: Technologies to Main1ain Biological Diversity; Washingum, DC; Office ofTechnology Assessment, 1988 • United States Department of Agricult.ure, Forest Service, Southern Region; Atlanta, GA; Land and Resource Monagtmenl Plans and Final Environmenlal Impact S101emen1s: C!Jauaboochee-Oconec National Forests (Georgia), 1985 Cherokee National Forests (Tennessee), 1986 Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests (North . Carolina), 1987 • Wharton, Charles H., and Harvey L. Ragsdale; The Values of Unmanaged Notional Fores1s in 1he Sou1hern Appalachians; Atlanta, GA; The Georgia Conservancy. 1983 �evenrs SEPTEMBER 19-22 ASHEVILLE, NC "Parkways, Greenways, Riverways: The Way More Beautiful" linear parks conference. lnt.crdisciplinary discussion of al1ematives to preserve the scenic landscape againsl development, pollution, billboards, and commercialism. Sponsored by the Appalachian Consonium. Great Smokies Hilton. Regis1rotion: $~25. For more info., call (704) 262-2064. ,, 22-2' . rt' ~J/\( ~- / ,,r / "\' ~ . . ) -J V\J <:--.._// Ii= ::J ~ r HOT SPRINGS, NC "Walking Gently on the EartW' ~ with John and Penelope Youngb L J ynam1cs o evo UJ1on a t. e I ig so~ 't,.;p " psych_ology ...a new evolutionary mysn.~sm. Reading: The Dream of the Ewth b~ Tf":mas Berry. SI 10. Sou~ern Dharma RylrQal C\\J'te~ RL ). °· / ( OCTOBER , ~ · C,f{EROKEE, NC Cherpkee Indian Fall Festival. Crafts, dance,_ stickball, archery, blowguns. exhibi~. midway. o..ilyadm~n: $3. A,! lhe Indian Ccremon,il\l Grounps. 3_7 Box 34-H; Hol Spnngs, NC 28743 t~ ¥"' \ ) ,/ V--V \~ ASHEVILE NC P Child ~musical fantaS al>oul children . • . . eace th • \, Y1 bnngmg peace to c world. Thomas ,vohe Audiionum. Advance: S6 aaulls, $4 children and sr. citizens. Door: $7 d SS ~ . (704) _ 684 5530 an ·1 n "I~ ~his r_etreat we will explore togetJ1er n spmtual1ty of the Earth 1n harmony_w1 · if J · nd h ·nS· hff ,, ~th d 22-24 r ~ ) MORGANTON, WV " John Henry Blues feStiv#. ~usic, workshops, theaLCr, more. Greer P•vill~. W~ver ( Park. Contact: Ed Cabbell; John HeorWl SQl\iety; Box 1172; Morgantown, WV 26507. 0fl4)~9 60?. ASHEVILLE, NC '11ie 'Dream of the 'Eartli. 'I1iomas 'Berry, autlwr of '11U '1>rtam 'Eart/i, 'flli{! sfum with us his concerns a6out mu pfanet anti What fu means 6y "reinventin9 tk fuiman at tk species kveC. 9:00 AM Iii Noon. Al the Jubilee! Community Ccmer, 46 Wall StrccL For more info, caJJ Mamie Muller (704) 683-1414. 23 ASHEVILLE, NC African Drumming Workshop with Darrell Rose. Noon 'ti! 3 pm. S20. At Troy Set7.ler's For directions and info.: (704) 683·3405. Evening African Drum performance with Darrell Rose and Michael Saleen. Al Stone Soup, 9 pm. FINCASTLE, VA Firsl Annual Southeastern Men's Conference, "Male Initiation and Isolation· wilh poet Rohen Bly, James Hillman, Michale Meade (storyteller and musician in the Ccllic tradition). and John Stokes, tracker. Jn the post the "emotional bodies" of men were directly ae1iva1ed by the interaction with elders, grand/others, and mentors...What happens when the grandfathers are aistant? ...How to hold to the duryofa father and not lose the passion of a son? ...How to explore the rage, grief. s'lro.me, anger, and joy inherent in the male psyche? Registration: $450. For more info, wriie Fred Stephens; 'Box ~2; Raleigh, NC. or call Doug Lcaster(919) 782-2900. ·FILLED· Write to bll put on mailing Ii.st for next year. 1 5-JS MADISON, VA "Wilddmcss Leaming Quest" - exploring lhe viild, exploring ~e self. Sl60. Sevenoaks Pathwork Center; Rt. I, BOX'~; Madison, VA 22n1. 17-20 '°6-8 JONESJWROUGl:f, TN NAP~S Na~al Sl~rytelling Pe$,tival fcaturirig mllJly famous nam~ in story·tellirjg. S5°'adull »<>j·membets, S2S chi\dtt.n, $125 f~milie$. For ~re inp>.• write f4ation3J AssQciailon for th~ Pn:se._rvalion &l\d pcrpc1uati6o of Storytelll{lg: Box.__309; Joni;s,boroug~ . 37659foc call ~l~ 75~·2171. - ) ™ 23 14-19 !p'tOXVl,LLE, TN ~nnual mecling of the Natural Areas Assoc!lidon, \lllldentlal land conservation and restoration organization. The fust day of the meeting will be devOLCd 1o th~lJibila.t of'lhe Soulhem Appalachian Mountains. PulilcffiiViteb.. Hrau Regency Hotel. Contact J. Ralph JordaJ;\TV ~; Norris, TN 37S2S (615) 494-9800. .,_) I 20.22 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC The Black Mountain Fall Festival wilh ,.s lRASSTow ll, NC ~ / ,..... Vassar Clements, Allen Fontenot and the Country Fall Festival al the JobD C. Campbj)ll Folk dljuns. Roy Bookbinder, Rhythm in Shoes (step dance), SchooL-'Mus)c. craftS, country danci1,1g. · )ohn._C. • and more. Grey Eagle and Friends; Box 216; Black Campbell Follc Sch09l; Brasstown, ~c· 28906, Mountafo, NC 28711. 11·15 H.IGHLANDS, NC 20-22 HOT SPRINGS, NC "Visual EnvironmentaHsm· photography "The Song of Creation al Harvest Time• workshop in the field and in lhe dnrkroom wilh Robert harvest celebration in the Jewish tradition with Lynn Glenn Kelchum and Michael Wilder. $250 includes Goulieb, storyteller and rabbi of the Nahalat Shalom lodging. Appalachian Environmental Ans Center: Box Community, Albuquerque, NM. SI LS. Sou.them Dharmn 5SO; Highlands, NC 28741. (704) 526-4303. Relreal Center. See 9/22·24. 12 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC WomnnSong at McDibbs. "Socilll concern through harmony." S3. 119 Cherry St. (704) 669-24S6. 27 ASHEVILLE, NC Thomas Berry will give the sermon at the Equinox service of the Jubilee! Community. Service begins at llAM 46 Wall S1rcc1. {704) 252-5335 ASHEVILLE, NC "Mountain Sweet Talk" - a lwo-acl play with the Folktellcrs, Barbara Freeman and Connie Rcgan-B lake. The Folk Art Center Theater. Thursdays lhru Saturdays - S pm: Sundays - 3 pm. TickctS: SS advance from Malaprop's; SIO dooc. Reservations, cnll (704) 25S-l l 13. 29- LO/I ASHEVILLE, NC "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians: A Strategy for Survival" conference on mountain habitat 13-19 24 NEW MARKET, TN STP (Slop the Poisoning) School al the Highlander Center. Tactics, strategy, and networking for those working to stop industrial pollulion. Pre-register. Call Highlander at (615) 933-3443. 30 CULLOWREE, NC Moumain Heritage Day at WCU campus. Clogging, shape-note singing, exhibils, crafts, food, musical events, kids' shows. For more info, call (704) 227-72ll. 30-10/l SWANNANOA, NC Women's class on Jamaican culwral ceremony with Rev. Queen Mother Azula. For more info, call: (704) 29S-3935. The Eanh Center; 302 Old Fellowship Rd.; Swannanoa, NC 28776 12-29 HI GHLANDS, NC "Praying Feel and Dirty Hands" Intergenerational Peace Conference led by Stepanie Nichols. Carol Powers (The Peace Network) and Bob Alpern. Programs on US/USSR cooperation, connict resolution and non-violence, overcoming slrCeotypcs, more - "leading people into action." SSS includes meals and lodging. The Mountain Camp and Conference CenLCr; 841 Highway 106; Highlands. NC 2S741. (704) 526-5S3S. 14 AS HEVILLE, NC "Danger Down Under" groundwnter pro1CCli011 workshop. Health risks, citizen action, simulations. Keynote: Larry and Sheila Wilson of Highlander Center. S:30-4:00. Owen Conference Center, UNCA. Pre-register: S15 to Clean Water Fund of North Carolina: l lS Person St.; Raleigh, NC 27602. For more info, call: (704)251-0518. (Sec ad on back cover.) Pre-registration: S20 to "Resloring Biodiversity..." c/o Box 233; Hot Springs, NC 28743. For more info, call: (704) 251-6441. 27 ASHEVILLE, NC Earth First! Road Show with Dakou Sid nnd Roger Featherstone. Music and rabble-rousing. Stone Soup, Broadway and Walnut. al S:OO pm. $4. 28 ASHEVILLE, NC "For All Things Wild" Forest Rescue Action Workshop. Strategy meeting for activists wishing to help defend and restore Appalachian habitat. (See ad on back cover.) Pre-regiStration: SS to "For All Things Wild" c/o Elmer Hall; Box 233: Hot Springs, NC 28743. For more info.. call: (704) 29S-3325 (ExL 250). Drawing by Rob Messick f"aCC., l 989 �10-12 28 4 ASHEVILLE, NC ·wt1d In the Str••h: The Feral Q.all· Do.-..:• with Grondmother o"d Strow Com• c::o&-tutT\ed o.s your Q,... BLACK MOUNTAIN , NC David Wilcox, vinuoso local songwriter, at McDibbs. S4. See 10/12. fovortt• ~"·"'• onlmal or bird ... or .som•tN""S 10-12 MADISON, VA "Living the Sacred Round: Lessons from the Medicine Wheel.• Sevenoaks Pa!hwork Center, see 1W15-18. wlldl B 00 """" Loccrtlon to be c:>l'V'C>unc:.ed 10-12 CAMP NEW HOPE, NC Celebrating the Dream ofthe Eanh Earth, isn't this whaJ you want 28-29 WA YNESVlLLE, NC "Chi Kung: An Ancient Taoist Mysiery" with Ellen Hines of the Chinese Acupuncture and Herbology Clinic, Asheville, NC. S50 includes room and board. Contact S1il-Light Retreat Center; Rt. I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786 (704) 452-4569 NOVEMBER 4 FLETCHER, NC "Improving and Maintaining Soil Fertility," a conference sponsored by the Carolina Farm Stewardship Assocuiuon. $15 includes lunch. For more info., call Fairglen Farms (704)252-4414. invisibly to arise in us? 11 (Rilke) Reflecting the key Lhemes of Thomas Berry. the conference will focus on the cerebral as well as ki11esthetic interpretations of the Dream of the Earth. With Miriam Therese MacGillis, Amy Hannon, Marnie Muller, and others. Workshops include: "Evolutionary Remembering," "Exploring the Dream through Movement and Sound." Annual Conference of the Center for Reflection on the Second Law. Info: CFRSL; 8420 Camellia Dr.; Raleigh, NC 27612 Cost: $9.50, includes postage (NC residents please add S~ sales tax.) raU,1989 CELlNA, TN TN Alternative Growers Assoc. Fall Conference. Includes soil improvement and backyard fruit production. At Sta.nding Stone State Park. info: (615) 232-7777. DECEMBER BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Mike Cross at McDibbs. Shows at 8 and 10 pm Tickets SIO in advance. See 10/12. .. ... Please specify size: Sm.. Med., Lg., X-Lg. 11·19 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Livingston Taylor at McDibbs. Shows at 8 an 10 pm. Tickets SS in advance. Sec 10/12. 15-17 Beer & Wine Making Supplies •: Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains :. In the traditional Cherokee Indian belier. the creatures in the world LOday are only diminuitive forms of the mythic beings who once inhabited lhe world, but who now reside in Galuna'li, the spirit world, lhe highest heaven. But a few of the original powers broke through the spiritual barrier and exist yet in the world as we know it These beings arc called with reverence "grandfathers". And of !hem, the sirongest are Kanali, the lightning, lhe power or the sky; Utsa'nati, the rattlesnake, who personifies the power of the eanh plane; and Yunwi Usdi, "lhe little man•, as ginseng is called in the sacred ceremonies, who draws up power from lhe underworld. Each is lhe sirongest power in its own domain. Together !hey arc aJJies: tJ1cir energies complement each other 10 form an even grcatct power. As medicine allies, they represent the healing powers of the Appalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of Katuah have been depicted in a striking T-shin design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 4-color silkscreen by Ridgerunncr Naturals on top quality, aU-couon shins, they are available now in all adult sizes tllrough the Kal:mu bioregional mail-order supplier. Order shirts from: KRLANU Box 282; Sylva, NC KatW!h Province 28779 SWANNANOA, NC Marketing Alternative Crops seminar at Warren Wilson College. Call Fairglen Farms (704) 252-44 14 for more info. 2 Natural Foods rt'.ED'LC'LN'.E A.LL'L'.ES WAYNESVILLE, NC Weekend Meditation Retreat with Dorothy Abbenhouse, president of the Theosophical Society in America. $60. Stil-Light Retreat Center. See 10/28-29. Vitamins & Supplements Wheat, Salt, & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes •: Hair & Skin Care Products 111 200 West Kina Street. Boone NC 28607 \.• '\..,_ 704-264-5220 ~~':"' WAYNESVILLE, NC Discussion and practice of "The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali" wilh Leon Frankel. $60. Stil-Light Retreat Center. See 10/28-29. 224'. broadway ashcvi.lle. n.c 288o1 704-252-8404 =• Ill .. carolina costume compaey _J~ .._________________, 1 =-~ MOON Gilts of Celebration (EARTHWAY BOOKSTORE) Books • New Age Music Wildcrafted Herbal Producu Gemstones • Unique Cards Magazines • & More WATER PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT SOLAR PRODUCTS Member NC Water Ouallly Assoeiallon RANDALL C. LANIER 704-293-5912 HWY. 107 RT . 68 BOX 125 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 (704) 264-7242 315 E. King Street, Boone NC 28607 e1ti11ese .,4(11p1111(/11re DESIGNS 111tli Jler/Jp/gl/I e/iHi( by Rob Messick lllustralion & Design in Pen & Ink and Colored Pencil P O Box 2601 • soone. NC 28607 • 1704)754-0097 78 EMT CMESTNUT STREET AS>il:VIU.E. NC 28801 704 2S8-llOl6 M.C. M.VEBE. M.S., Ao.0. UC. ACUPl.INCT\JRIST EU.£H Hll<ES M.Ac.. ¥ M. UC. ACUPUNCTIJRIST �LEAD TESTS • Is your plumbing leaching poi.~onous lead into your drinkingwatcr? Find out for sure • lead-testing kit from the non-profit Clean Water Fund of NC. All you need for Sl2. Send a check w/ name and address to CWF: 138 E. Chestnut St.; Asheville, NC 28801 MOCCASINS, handcrafted of elkhide in the traditional Plains Indian style. Water-resistant, rcsolable, and rugged - great for hiking! Children's and infant sizes available. Write: Blue Feather Moccasins; Box 931; Asheville. NC 28802. or caU Patrick Clark at (704) 253-5047. BLIGHT RESISTANT CHESTNUT - hybrid American/Chinese Dunstan chestnut lJ'CCS - blight resistant, limber growth form, productive orchard crop with large, sweet easily-peeled nuts. Chestnut Hill Nursery: Rt. I, Box 341-K; Alachua, FL 32615 (904) 462-2820 APPLE TREES - old-timey and popular contemporary varieties on standard, semi-, or dwarf stock. Send SASE for prices: Jeff Poppen: Long Hungry Creek Nursery; Red Boiling Springs. TN 37150. UNION ACRES, an alternative community for 20 families based on principles of stewardship, equality, consensus, and simplicity. Spaces available. Apply to Caroline Grant: Rt. I, Box 61-J; Whittier, NC 28789 or call (704) 497-4964. ADOPT-A-TREE. Trees are the great conservators of the planeL The Adopt-A-'Ire.e program will help malce the vital connection between individual people and individual trees. Donations accepted. For more info. write to Box 144, Sugnr Grove, NC 28679 CHRISTIAN MA TCH-A-FRlEND seeks to bring together Christian men & women. Interested persons, advenisc free. We arc non-profit. For information please send a self-addressed envelope io: Gospel Ministry. P.O. Box 654, Clinton, TN 37717. RENEWAL PROGRAMS- I provide individual and corporate renewal programs for businesses & organizations interested in healing themselves and providing empowerment 10 others. Write: Kathie Pieper c/o Pieper Associates, Rt. I, Box 238 Waynesville, NC 28786. NEEDED: CHJLD-LOVING PERSON who loves Lo be a nanny and housekeeper for my four children. Hours, wages negotiable. Rm. and bd. available. Asheville area. Call Morgan (704) 689-5382. NEW AGE - group forming. All interested in shnring about spirit to spirit communication, channeling, visualization, healing, chakras, tarot, etc. Emphasis on spiril and our connecLion lo Mother Earth, visualizing positive growth and nunuring. ConUICt Theresa C&rlson, 7501 Ruic Rd., Knoxville, TN 37920. PEPPERLAND offers a variety of outdoor education programs for church, school, or civic groups year-round. We will help you design a program for your group. Send for information packet to: Pepperland Farm camp: Star Route; Farner, TN 37333. "THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT' - a complete rcpon on our changing environment for the next 60 years. $17.00 poslpaid, or write for more information. Lorien House, POB 1112, Black Mountain, NC 28711-1112. APPALACHJAN GINSENG CO. ·stratified seeds, seedlings, roots. Send for price list to: P.O. Box 547; Dillsboro, NC 28725. DRUMS ·Custom handcrafted ceramic dumbecks & wooden medicine drums. Call Joe Roberts at (704) 258-1038 or write 10: 738 Town Mountain Rd.: Asheville, NC 28804. THE PEOPLE OF THE ONE SONG - booklet of stories and poems that tell of the people's dreams, rituals, roles, and relationships from the arthetypal memory of the past, present, and future. S3 to Colleen Redman: One Song Scribe; Box 634; Floyd. VA 24091. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS - herbal salves, tinctures, & oils for birthing & family health. For brochure, please write: Moon Dance Farm; RL I, Box 726: Hampton, TN 37658 WOMANSONG - ongoing choral group forming. Songs of beauty, meaning spirit, fun, peace, cooperation, sisterhood. Come and sing! Mon. evenings, 7:30-9, Asheville, NC. (704) 254-7068. X-citUah Jo1mmL pci9e 34 SEA KAY AKlNG - Come enjoy peace and solitude traveling with the rhythms of the sea. Classes. day trips, overnight tours, custom charters. Kayak/Sail boat tours to the Bahamas. Kayak tours to Costa Rica. For more information contact: Chnrlie Reeves, Sea Level Inc. POB 478 Tybee Island, GA 31328 (912)786-5853 ORGANIC HONEY - Tulip Poplnr, Sourwood and WildOowcr. From Patrick County, Virginia. No chemicals. no white sugar, no heat, ever Strained through cheesecloth and packed in heavy glass canning jars. For a 4-oz. sample of our premium sourwood and our catalog, send $4 to: Wade Buckholts & Megan Phillips; Route 2. Box 248: Stuart, VA 24171. (703) 694-4571 LO cook NAMASTE FAMILY needs brothers and sisters to join us in Lovi~g. Giving, Growing. Send Sl2 donation for writings and videotape to Namast~ Family; RR2, Box 578: Barnstead, NH 03225. THE WATAUGA LAND AND WATER CONSERVANCY • is a not-for-profit charitable trust set up to protect the values and ecological settings which sustain us both spiritually and economically. If you are concerned about the purity of the headwaters and watercourses, and the preservation of wild and agricultural lands GET INVOLVED. Write to Quality Living Publications, POB I, Valle Crucis, NC 28691 "MAGIC AFTERNOONS" - for children at the Unitarian Church of Asheville. An an program with Linda Metzner in music, Norma Bradly in visual arts, and Barrie Barton in creative movemenL It begins Sept.ember 18th. Call 254-7068 for details. NATURE LOVERS' COMMUNITY· Christians only. SIOOO gives you life time ownership rights on .5 acres. Whole prope.n y consists of 45 acres of wooded calm and privacy. Write: Gospel Ministry, P.O. Box 654, Clinton, TN 37717. ITS THE ACHOO! SERVICE - Patch the clown brings laughter and fun to the hospital. Join him and the Gesundheit Institute at 2630 Roben Walwer Place, Arlington, VA 22207 or (703) 525-8169. PURE SORGHUM - and sorghum based desserts toppings and chocolates. Handmade in the Appalachian foothills. Free sorghum recipe brochure send SASE. Candy sampler (2-KY Buckeyes & 2-Bourbon Balls) $2.00 postpaid. Golden Kentucky Products, POB 246, Livingston, KY. 40445. (606) 453-9800. MOUNTAIN DULCIMERS • made of black walnut, red cherry, or maple. Tops available in wormy chestnut, butlernut, sweetgum, sassafras, western cedar and other woods. Contact: Mize Dulcimer Company Rt. 2, Box 288, Bloumville, TN. 37617 (615) 323-8489. WEBWORKING is free. Send submissions to: RHYTHM ALIVE • Handcrafted African- Style Drums, workshops, learning tapes. drumbags. and accessories. Please send SASE to Rhythm Alive! 85 Phenix Cove Rd. Weaverville, NC 28787 (704) 645-3911. Drawing by Rob Messick Kat1'ah Journal P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 :r~u;.1999 �The Karuah Journal wants to communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, anicles, drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send your contributions to us at: Kattiah Journal; P. 0. Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kan1ah Province 28748. The Winter 1989-90 issue of the Katuall Journal will be concerned with the challenges and opponunities involved in "Raising Children into a New Consciousness." We are interested in hearing first-person stories, alternative schooling information, children's resources (books, places to go. etc.), and any other creative or pertinant ideas. Don't forget the canoons (kids love canoons!). BACK ISSUES OF KATUA H JOURNAL AVAILABLE ' ,!,!';;.., ~ ~- - The Spring 1990 issue of the K atuah Journal will be focusing o n "Wellness in the Mountains." We are looking for information and articles on those who contribute to the healthful quality of life in our southern mountains; especially through accivities which promote self-responsibilicy and a high level of wellness as the nonnal living state. A broad look at wellness might include topics like stress management, spirirualfry, retreats and adventures, service to others, Earth stewardship, having fun, education, family and other relationships, fitness and nutrition, or other areas of a satisfying lifestyle. lncluded in the "Wellness" issue will be a directory of goods and services related to wellness. There is no cost for a listing in this directory. Please send in your name, practice, and a shon explanation of your work or product, if you wish to be listed. ISSUE EIGHT · SUMMER 198S Celebration: A Way of Life · K.uuah 18,000 Ycan Ago • Sacred Sites - Folk Ans in lhe Schools Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems: Hilda Downer - Cherokee Heritage Cenaer Who Owns Appalachia? . ISSUETHREE SPRING 1984 SUSllllJUlble Agricuhure - Sunflowcn - Human lmpac1 on lhe ForcSI - Childtcns' Education Veronica Nicholu:Woman in Polilics - Uule People - Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR ·SUMMER 1984 Water Drum Water Quality • Kudzu • Solu "i Eclipse · Clurcu1ung · Trout • Ooing IO Weier ~I Ram Pllmps . Microhydto - Poems: Bennie Lee Sincl&ir, J1m Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE · FALL 1984 Harves1 • Old Ways m Chcrolt~ • Ginseng • Nuclear Waste - Our Cehic Heritage Bioregionahsm: Put, Prucnt. and Future John Wilnoty Healing Oatkness • Politics of Partlcipation ISSUESIX - Wl.NTER 1984.SS Winter SolsticG EAl'lh Ceremony - Horsepasturr River - Coming of lhe Ligh1 - Log Cabin Root• • Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop - Williun Taylor . The Future of lhe Forw ISSUE SEVEN • SPRING 1985 Sust1111able &:onomM:s • Hot Springs • Wortcr Owncnhip - The Gru1 Economy • Seit Help Credit Union • Wild Turltcy - Responsible lnvCS1m1 • Working in lhc Web of Life ISSUE NINE - FALL 1985 The Waldce Fo re11 - The Trees Speak Migrating Forats - Horse Logging - S1ar11ng a Tree Crop · Urban Trees • Acom Bread • Mylh ISSUE FIFTEEN - Spring 1987 Coverlets • Woman Forester • Susie McMahan Midwife - Ahcmativc Contraception • Bioscxuolity - Biorcgionalism and Women Oood Medicine: Mairi.=hal Culture . P1t1Jrl LSSUE SIXTEEN - Summer 1987 Helen Waiae • Poem: Visions m a Garden Vi11on Ques1 • First Flow • ln1llllllon Learning in lhc Wilderness • Cherokee Olallcngc - "Valuing Trees" Time ISSUE TEN · WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers • Circles of Stone - lntemal Mylhmalting • Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: Steve Knaulh - Mythic Places - The Ulttcna's Tale - Crystal Magic • ISSUE EIGHTEEN · Winier 1987-88 Vernacular Archiaecrure . Drcanu in Wood and Stone • Mountain Home • Earth Energies • Earth-Shchcied Living - Membrane Houses • Brush Sheller • Poems: October DMsk. • Oood Mcdic111C: "Shclaer" ~g· ISSUE ELEVEN SPRING 1986 Community Planning • Cities and the Bioregional Vision • Recycling · Community GIJdenin&. Floyd CoWll}', VA - Guohol Two Bt0rcgional Views - Nuclear Supplement Foxfire Gatnes • Oood Medicine: Visions ISSUE THlRTEEN · Fall 1986 Cenaer For Awakening · Eliu.bclh Callari · A Gentle Death • Hospice - Ernest Morgan Dealing Creatively wilh Oealh • Home Burial Box • The Wake • The Raven Mocker • Woodslore and Wildwoods Wisdom · Oood Medicine: The Sweat Lodge LSSUE FOURTEEN . Winier 1986-87 Uoyd Carl Owle • Boogcn and Mummers - All Species Day • Cabin Fever University • Homclca in Katuah - Homemade Hot Watu Saovernalter's Narrative • Good Medicine: lnaerspccics Communication ~UAt;)OURNAL ISSUE NINETEEN - Spring, 1988 Perlcandra Gorden - Spring Tonics • Bluebarics Wildnower Gardens - Granny Herbalist • Flower Essences • '"The Origin of lhe Arumals · Saory • Oood Medicine: "Power" • Be A Tree ISSUE TWEJIITY - Summer, 1988 Preserve Appalachian Wilderness - Hig)ilands of Roan - Celo Community - Land Trust • Arlhur Morgan School - Zoning hsuc • "The Ridge" • Farmers l1ld lhe Farm Bill - Oood Medicine: "Land" - Acid Rain - Duke's PowcT Play • Cherok~ Microhydro Project uve Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor .....................$50/yr. Address Enclosed is $ 10 give this ejforr an extra bOost Zip I can be a local contact person for my area Area Code "'"'· 1989 Phone Number ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR · Summer, '89 Deep Listening • Life in Atomic City - Di.reel Action! · Tree of Peace - Community Building Peacemakers • Ethnic Survival • Pairing Projcc1 - "Baulesong· • Growing Peace in Cultures - Review: The Chalice and the B/Dde P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Name State ISSUE TWENTY-THREE - Spring, t 989 Pisgah Village - Planet An • Green City • Poplar Appeal - "Cl- Sky" • "A New Eanh" Black Swan - Wild Lovely Days • Reviews: Sacr('Jf land Sacred Sa, / cc A1e • Poem: "Sudden TaOils" lSSUETWENTY-ONE - FaU, 1988 Chestnuts: A Natunl History - Restoring lhc Chestnut - "Poem of Preservation and PnUc" Continuing lhe Quest - Forests and Wildlife Chestnuts in Regional Diet • Chestnut Resources • Herb Noie • Oood Medicine: "Changes to Came" - Review: Wliue u1ends For more info: call Mamie Muller (704) 683-1414 City -·- ISSUE TWENTY-TWO - Wintu, •gg.g9 Global Wanning - Fire This Time • Thomu Berry on "Biorcgions" • Eanh Exercise • Kor~ Loy McWhirtcr - An Abundance of Emp1iness LETS - Chronicles of Floyd • Derry Wood The Bear Clan Back Issues Issue#_@ $2.50 $_ _ Issue# _ _ @ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 $_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18-23) @ $35.00 = $_ _ = = � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 25, Fall 1989 Description An account of the resource The twenty-fifth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on biodiversity and habitat: forest ecosystem, old-growth forest, regional planning, forest devastation, black bears and Eastern panthers, and living green. Authors and artists in this issue include: Sam Gray, Robert Zahner, Laura E. Jackson, David Wheeler, Anna Muir, Julia Nunnally Duncan, Annelinde Metzner, Patrick Clark, Heather Blair, Chip Smith, Lee Kinnaird Fawcett, James Rhea, Rob Messick, Marnie Mikell, Patricia Claire Peters, Mary de La Valette, Sue Adams, Starfire Soledad, Christoph and Mary-Clayton Enderlein, and Morgan Swann, Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. The Great Forest by Sam Gray.......3 Restoring the Old-Growth Forest by Robert Zahner.......5 Regional Planning for Habitat Integrity by Laura Jackson.......8 A Question of Value by David Wheeler.......10 Closing the Gate on Forest Devastation by Ann Muir.......12 Poem: "Sparrow Hawk" by Julia Nunnally Duncan.......13 A Place for Bears: An Interview with Dr. Michael Pelton.......15 Poem: "There Fell the Rain Healing" by Annelinde Metzner.......16 Eastern Panther, Where Are You? by Patrick Clark.......17 Oak Decline by Heather Blair.......19 People and Habitat by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawcett.......21 Perpetual Wild Sanctuaries.......23 Natural World News.......24 Drumming.......26 Living Green.......29 Barter Fair.......30 (Natural) Resources.......31 Events Calendar.......32 Webworking.......34 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Forest management--Appalachian Region, Southern Human ecology Black bear--Appalachian Region, Southern Regional planning--Appalachian Region North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Acid Deposition Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Black Bears Community Ecological Peril Economic Alternatives European Immigration Forest History Forest Issues Forest Practice Geography Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Poems Politics Reading Resources Transportation Issues Turtle Island Wilderness https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1f2e1b45f5e29afd5e7816d6d6f26b51.pdf e62be1d7412c88f48ec27a25918ab429 PDF Text Text ISSUE 26 WINTER1989-90 CHILDREN $1.50 �~LJAt-t JOURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Postage Pa1d l Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 �Coming of Age in the Ecozoic Em .............. l by Tlwma.1 Berry Kids Saving Ratnforest................................4 b) Sama/a l/ir.H Kids' Treccyding Company............ .......... 5 ConOirt Resolution and the Family............ 6 by Ellie Ki,,cade Developing the Creative Spirit. ...................!i h\· /.i1uia J1c1mer The Balloon is a Unicom ............................9 b) Art.1p1ri1 Swdio Birth Power.................................. ............ 10 b) luc111da Flodin amt .Wanlru Pnk111s Birth Bonding........................................... 11 b\ Jan \'erJiaexhe Coming of Age in the Ecozoic Era The Magic or Puppetry: An Interview with Bonnie Blue................ 12 by 111omas Berry by Chriltinll \.forri.w11 uiul Karc11 n mk1m Horne Schooling..................................... 15 II) 001111 Wnmiward and Trilli Scver111 Ceremony................................................ 16 Trailin/llud Mother Earth: The i\atur;1l Classroom.......... ..... .. ... . •IX 111 Sma11 Grie.mwicr Bmdegradable Diapers............................ 1R lw Al'l\'a .Ill/ Romm Resources............ .................................. 19 Gardening Tips tor Children ............ ..... 19 by T<>m )'n1111gblood-Pe1er.e11 \ i\atural World News............................... 20 "From the Diary of a ~1odem Child".......... .. 24 by Roh Messi< k Pocket Culture::.......................................24 by \Viii A.1/ie Basm1 Drumming......................................... ..•. 26 Fon:st Rescue: An Ecological Manifesto.............. 29 Webworking.......................................... .30 We are now at the end of the Cenozoic Era of the planet Eanh's 4.5 billion year history. During the Cenozoic time which has been occuring for the last 65 million years. most all of the lire fom1s with which we are familiar came to their foll development. The Cenozoic is nlso when we humans came into being. I lowever. this era is rapidly being tcm1inated. Not only the human, but even more so. 1he functioning or the entire planet is being altered. The climate, the chemistry of the atmosphere. 1he wa1er and the soil, our relation to the sun, all the bio~ystem' of the planet, e\en the geological structure of the planet: all 1he'e are being altered in the most extensive transformation that has ta.ken place on the planet Eanh in the last 65 millicm years. So extensive is the d1ssolu11on of the life systems of the Earth during the past century that the viability of the human cannot be taken for gr-Jnted. T he long-term survival of our children depends on understanding the depth of what is happening to the planet at present--it is essential to admit that what b occuring 1s nothing less than biocide. It also depends on rekindling a relationship between the human and the natural world that is far beyond the exploitive relauonshi ps of the industrial mode. A different kind of prosperity and progress needs to be understood which embraces the wlwle Life community. All our human institutions, professions, all our programs and acti vities need to funcuon now m this wider Life community context. It is time to evoke the emergence of a new E.'Uth period which can be identified as the Ernzoic era. Even now the shift is beginning to 1;ike place in which a relationship or mutual enhancement between humans and the naturnl world is being regarded no1 only as possible but essential to planeiary survival. I low do our chtldrcn fit in wilh 1his change . . Hea/1hy £111"irm1me111 Our children need a healthy Eanh in which to live. A sickened planet is not conducive to healthy children physically, or to their emotional or psychic security. Continued conu1mination of water, soil, air and other life syMems by unnecessary and unsound production practices is jeopardizing their future existence ao; well as that of the planet. Children need pure air and water and sunligh1 and fruitfu l soil and all those living fonns that provide the context in which human existence can be properly nunured. Only if this context is kept intact and an appreciation of it is passed on will we fulfill our obligations to our children and to the planet. Membership in the l ife Community Our children need 10 be able 10 see that they are members or the whole Life communiiy of the natural world about them, not just members of a local or even global human community. Human society as such is an abscraction. The only real community is the entire community of the natural world. No pan of this integral community has either existence Dra1< tng by Rub Mo.nick t 98S c:ontu1ucd an p. 3 �J<eLlAHJOURNAL ~STAFF THIS ISSUE: Andy Half-baker Rob Messick Marnie Muller Rodney Webb Chip Smith Richard Lowenthal Christina Morrison James Rhea David Wheeler Heather Blair EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Stephen Bartlett Will Ashe Bason Susan Griesmaier Michael Havclin Scott Bird Jack Chancy COVER by Zack Brick, age 6, of Floyd Community. Reprinted from the Blue Mountain School Calendar (for sale from Colleen Redman; Box 634; Floyd, VA 24091) THE SOUTHERN APPALJ.CHIAN BIOREGION ANO MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS PUBLISHED BY: Kanlah Journol PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mountaineer Press EDITORIAL QFACE nus ISSUE: Worley Cove, Sandy Mush Ouk WRITE US AT: Ka1Wih Journal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 TELEPHQNE: (704) 683-1414 Ka/UahJournaJ is on SkYland BBS, Asheville, NC. For information, call (704) 254-6700. Diversity iJ an important clcmeot or bioregional ecology, bolh nalUral and social. ln line wilh !his principle, the Kataah Journal tries io serve m a forum for lhc discussion of regional issues. Signed aniclcs express only the opinion of the authors and arc not necessarily lhe opinions of lhe Kataah Journal edilOl'S a staff. The ln1U1181 Revenue Service has declared Kataah a non-profit organiulion Wlder section SOl{cX3) of the lnicmal Revenue Code. All contributions IO Kataah are deductible from pcrsooaJ income tax. 'LNVOCA.TWN I think ouer ogoin my smell oduentures, My fears, Those I thought so big. For ell the ultol things I hod to get And to reach, And yet, There Is only one greet thing The Only thing To Hue, To see the greet doy thot downs , And the light thot fill s the w orld. - Inuit song STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turile Island; a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name " KatUtih" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountai11 and the Georgia hills to the south,· and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which periuins specifically to this region, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a "do or die " situalion in terms ofa quality standard of life for all living beings on 1his planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Kat"'1h, we advocate a cenlered approach to the concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting 1he challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent information, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes thaJ Ka/Uah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. -The Editors ~ k)t,nt.er ,1989-90 �Coming of Age in the Ecozoic E r a-continued from p. 1 or life apan from the other members or the communiry. We arc awkward at this manner of thinking because many of our religions as well as humanist traditions carry a cenain antagonism toward the natural world. But now the refusal to acknowledge the intimate membership in the corrununity of Earth is leading to their own destrucrion as well as that of the planet. The next generation can survive only as functional members of this larger community. Our children are instinctively aware of this wider sense of identity. We need only foster I.his awareness. Earth Literacy Our children also need to be literate about the Eanh. They need to learn not only how to read books composed by human genius but also how to "read" the Great Book of Nature. Again, absorbing this Great Book is natural to children. Alienation from this primary educational experience has been, in our generation, the source of unmeasured disaster to every aspect of human existence. A true prosperity requires being able to understand the language of nature. Native peoples know this language. II is primarily the language of the Earth, a language of living relationships that extend throughout the universe. We have here within this Nonh American conrinent a superb natural setting in which our children can become Eanh-literate, capable of undemanding what their world is telling them. Energy Awareness Our children need to understand how to function with the energy of I.he sun and wind and the water rather than with the energies of fossil fuels or of nuclear processes. Our inabilny to use these other energies properly has led to a situation in which the planet Earth is covered with grime and poisons. These toxins are not only eating away with their acids the very stones and structures of all the great cities of the world, but they are also harmful to the planet itself. The understanding of more benign energy forms and the skills to interact with them effectively are absolute necessities for the survival of our children in a sustainable life context. In addition, it is imponant 1ha1 these energy systems be designed with sensitivity and a sense of appropriate scale. Our children also need to understand the healthy limits of their bioregion's capacity to provide energy and to suppon life. They need to be encouraged to envision a way of life that can be compatible with Lhose natuml limits. Helping children get in Lhe habit of conservation as well as recycling is an imponant step tn encouraging them to co-exist with the rest of the life community. Food Our children need to learn gardening. The reasons for this reach deep into their mental and emotional as well as into their physical survival. Gardening is an active participation in the deepest mysteries of the universe. By gardening our children learn that they constitute, with all growing things, a single community of life. They learn to nurture and be nunured in a universe Lhat is always precarious but ultimately benign. They leam profound reasons for the seasonal rituals of the great religous renditions. More immediately, however, i'> the question of physical survivaJ. With the ever-increasing loss of soil on which food-growing depends, with the rising innaiion in the economic sphere, with the need for food grown in a proper organic context, and with the crowded situation in our urban centers, the capacity of our children to grow a significant umount of their o~n food on very limited areas of Eanh will become an increasing urgency. Elementary education especially might very well begin and be developed in a gardening context. How much the children could learn! A language related to life! Emotional responses 10 blossoming and fruitful plants. social cooper:11ion, death as a source of life. They could learn geology and biology and ascronomy. They could learn the sources of poetry and lner.iture and the ans. They might even be saved from the sterile and ephemeral world of Atari. WUller. 1989- 90 Participawry Role Our children need to be prepared for their role in the fruitful functioning of the Great Earth itself, the first and greatest of all "corporations". They need to learn that the underlying role of all human corporative enterprises is to enhance the functioning and meaning and value of this primary corporation, the planet in which we live. If the Eanh becomes bankrupt there is no future for anything that lives within the Earth. The remarkable achievement of the Earth in its natural state is its ability 10 renew itself and all its living forms. There is a minimum of entropy in the Earth system_ Energies arc cycled recycled indefinitely. The infrastructure renews itself. No human process can do this. NeiLher automobiles nor Madways, nor subway systems, nor fossil fuels, nor railways, n..ir power plants, nor nuclear generating plants renew themselves_ They Inst but a few years and then rust away and the resources of the planet arc no longer sufficient 10 renew them. A completely different role of the human in relation to the Earth begins to identify usclf. One which functions in a different fashion and with different ideals from the highly entropic, exploitative manner in which our culture functions at present. Recognizing our intimate membership in the whole Life community and becoming literate in its wisdom and language, our role becomes that of dynamic panicipator. ln recognizing this intimate connecLion, we begin 10 understand and align ourselves with 1he natural world's capacity to be self-emerging, self-propagating, self-nourishing, self-educating, self-governing, and self·hcaling. Experience of the Sacred Our children need to understand the meaning and grandeur and sacredness of the Eanh as revelatory of the deep mysteries and meaning of the world. Rather than teaching them to disdain the natural world as unwonhy of their concern. it would be most helpful if our religious traditions would move toward a stronger emphasis on the glorious phenomena of the universe about us as modes of divine communicauon. In a special manner, through celebration and ceremony, our children need to observe and esteem the spontaneities of nature in our own bioregions here in the different areas of Nonh America; spontaneities that give expression 10 genetic diversity which is the most precious endowment of the living world. Without 1he marvelous variety of living forms that swim in the sea and live and move upon the Eanh and ny through the air, our own human understanding, our emotional life, our imaginative powers. our sense of 1he divine, our capacity for verbal expression; these would all be terribly diminished. If we lived on 1he moon, our sense of the divine would reOcct the lunar landscape: our cmouons. sensitivities and imagination would all, in a similar manner. be through a lunar mode of expression. So with our children, they are what they are and have such remarkable expansion of life because of that share in the natural world that they have here within the Nonh American continenL The radiance of their surTOundings is even now reflec1cd in the radiance of our children's countenances. Sc11se of History Our children need a sense of their historical role in creating this coming ecological age. 1hc F..cozoic. This future world is something that has never existed before within the context of the whole planeL We are involved in an irreversible sequence of planetary developments. For the first time an integral form of the planet Earth wi1h all its geological contours, its living forms and us human presence has become possible as a vital, functioning plane1ary whole expressing itself in its unbroken sequence of splendors tn movement and song and an infinite variety of color in the sky and throughout the continents. There 1s truth in the expression--· The Dream is at the heart of the Action. The greatest gift we can give our children is to assiM them in their dreams of a planet of pure air and water and sunlight and soil. where the community of all living beings can:.,;l!I' ~· nourii.h in the celebration of existence. A Thomas Berry noted geologian and awlwr of The Dream of the Earth (Sierra Club Books, 1988), is presently collaboraring with physicis1 Brian Swimme on a new book, The Universe Story. l'lb •'lnoenu Reny �~iftFJ. §trfilkT~ ~ftfp $11~~ ~ ~~T:P41 in '!8~&11. illus~uon by Jermain Mosely Mrs. Woods' science class at Asheville Alternative School has been studying forests and rainforests in particular. We went to the "Discovery Place" in Charlotte to see an exhibit on Rainforests and have studied about forestry in class and at Holmes State Forest. We have learned that if all the rainforests are destroyed then our oxygen will decrease a whole lot. We have also learned that the rainforests are ancient. They are very special and important to us. They give us many products as well as 1/2 the world's animals and plants. Our class is getting together and making money to help save these forests So far we have almost made $300. With that we will be able to buy 10 acres of land out of a rainforest in Belize . Jc.iiWcih Jo1Ul1Q( pllc:Je 4 ' •I We have been raking people's leaves in our neighborhood for $1.50 or more if the yard is really big. All of the people's yards we have raked, have given a little bit extra. One boy in our class raked a medium size yard with his friend tor a man and got $30.00. We have worked very hard on this project and hope that we will encourage other people to pitch in. We put pictures in the halls of our school. A few nights ago we had a woman named Mrs. Jeanne Cummings come to our school to show some slides of her 'Earthwatch' trip to a rainforest in Borneo. We had live entertainment and refreshments that night. It was very exciting for all of us. Do whatever you can to help save the Rainforests, it is important to all of us and we hope that these Rainforests will survive. / By Samala Hirst kll-ntcr, 1989-90 �Ph""'' b~ Karen W•tkin' Hey, all you people out there, have you heard of the new business Kid's T reecycling Co.?? !! It all started when our teacher started talking about how imponant trees and recycling are. We think 1hat this is a great Saving-The-Trees business and a grea1 class project. We sell all sorts of recycled paper producls like paper 1owcls. rissuc and 1oilet paper. On 1hc lirst day we only got two orders. Then we got more and more orders every day and week. We have $65.00 so far. Do you know when we get older there won't be many trees lefl? There won't be hardly any paper. Don't let 1hat happen! We all need to recycle. S1art now at Kid's Treecycling Co. We are in third grade at Asheville Alternative School. South French Broad Avenue. A ... hcv1llc. NC 28801. Ourtcacheris Victoria Maddux. You can call her in the evening at {704)- 645-4593. Call now and become a "Recycling .. Ci1i1en" -·-hy: llana Craig. l.arJ Weaver, Ken;. Wahcr,\Vill lknnen. Molly Ru ... h and Alesia Summey. l./UlU:t, 1989-90 �Conflict Resolution and the Family Conn1ct. Every family has it. Household chores, homework, messy rooms, schedule connicts, ~pace invasion~. values collisions, power struggles, and scape-goating have all been long-srnnding and universal sources of stress in 1hc American family. The quality of family life. though, is detennined not by \.\hethcr or not a family has conflict but by what they do with it. It is commonly recognized that parents have a great innuence on the overall process of dealing "'ith the inevitable conflicts that plague families. What is frequently overlooked. however, is the contribution that children have 10 make in the conflict resolution process. Children are our greatest source of inspiration and creativity; they have internalil.ed fe\.\er rules and limitations and "yes--bu1--tha1 wouldn't work bccause"s and have a natural spirit of discovery that can set the stage for new and more expansive ways of thinking. This article is based upon my own experience as a par.:nt and as a conflict management consultant and educator. coupled with the perspectives of my daughter Dana. age 14, and my son Nick, age 10. We will citplore three imponant variables which operate to affect an individual\ or a fomily'~ response to conflict: Spirit, Personality/Well·Being, and Skillfulnes5. by Ellie Kincade Spiritff he Spirit of Possibilit) Spuit is the auitude with which we approach problems and conflicts, and is the foundation of the process of resolution. Thomas Crum, author of The Magic of Conflict. makes two imponant points about the nature of conflict: ConOict js a na111ral phenomenon. We see it everywhere in nature - the magnificent beauty of mountains, canyons, beaches was formed by eons of connict. In our human relationships, from the intra- and interpersonal through global levels, the choices we make determine whether the intense energy inherent in conflict will be a del.tructive force or as Crum says. will be "the best sandpaper around for smoothing out our lives" ConOict js noi a comest. Winning and losing are goals for games. 001 for connict resolution. Resolving connict is rarely about \.\ho\ right: it's aboul the acknowledgement and appreciation of differences. Dana's summary of a positive spirit toward conflict is: *Trust one another. ,. Approach problem situations with lo\'e. (Y?u can love someone and be angry at the same nme.) t.n.rtrt'r',~90 �•Be flexible and willing lO undersl:lnd another's point of view. Nick adds: •Take responsibilny for your own "stuff' and realize thal whal you do affects others. •Anticipate your own and others· needs and try to prevent conflicts from happening. •Have a sense of humor, even when there are problems! Every family has to find its own unique way of discovering and fo:.tering a spirit of possibility for dealing with issues. Families who creatively integrate faith, hope. charity. and love, and playfulness into their everyday lives develop the flexibility. willingness and perspective to change gracefully and powerfully over time. They bring this creative power 10 every conflict or advei;ity they face. The family who believes that it is possible to find win/win solulions (rather than win/lose solutions) to their conflicb. finds them! A fringe benefit of lhis philosophy about confl1c1 1s that children (and eventually 1heir parents too!) learn that what they do and say makes a difference, thnt conflicts can be resolved v. ithout baules and that problems lhat seem "impossible" to solve arc really just challenges to human flexibility. compassion and creativity. Dana defines respect as the wtllmgness to allow each person the freedom to express their true and unique self. Affirrmng differences, making allowances, and building on those differences facilitate conflict resolution. We've grown up with homogeny as an ideal. Think about the all-American metaphor of the "melting pot" where cliversity becomes lost ma kenle of drab glop. Consider, instead. 1he image of a salad where each ingredient maintains its discrete qualities while adding volume, texture, nourishment, variety, and beauty to the whole. Each individual's personality de1ermines their preferences and style in dealing with conflict. Nick emphasizes that often he needs space and wants to be left alone when conflict arises; when he "cools orr· he is better able to talk about it. Dana usually wants to talk things out nght away, bu1 sometimes wants time 10 think things out alone. She stresses the importance of asking one another for what we need and being considerate of our different needs. Individual differences rue, in fact, one of the greatest resources in problem ~olving. Division of labor conflicts can often be easily resolved by having family members volunteer for their "favorite" chore. For example, Dana and Nick bo1h like to cook: I much prefer the mindlessness of cleaning up afterward. Dana likes carrying in the firewood and Nick builds and tends the fire. or cour.;e those preferences and inclinations do change in an evolving household, so frequent communication and negotiauon arc a musr. In a favorite 'Peanuts' car1oon. Sally is complaining, "I hate everything! I hate the whole world!" Charlie Brown responds. matter-of-factly. "I thought you had inner peace." Sally replies. "I do, but I still have outer obnoxiousness!" We all have outer obnoxiousness. the level and intensity of which is directly relatec.! 10 our general state of well-being. One's state of well-being (or lack 1hereof!) may be lhe most significant factor affecting the individual's ability to respond to conflict with tolerance, flexibility, creativity and a "Spirit of Possibility." The three of us agree thnt a bad day at school or work, exhaus1ion. pressures of upcoming events, or a general sense of malaise is often the root of our outer obnoxiousness which can lead 10 conflict. Here are several things families can do to enhance 1he well-being of individuals and the family unit: Herc are some fun ways families can develop and exercise the "Spirit of Possibility": •Play games like, "There's Not Only One Way 10 Do Anything". Discover throogh brruns1onnmg the many f>O"-s1h1l111cs m a snuauon. How many different wa)'~ arc there to m:ike p<1ll<!akcs? To plant a tree? To w~h a window? Wc"vc ycl IO find an acuvity lhal can he done m JUSl one way. Make the jOlhl)' or brrunstonnmg commonplace. so tl1'1l 11 occurs more na1urally in connict snuauons. •Keep 1rnck of "Impossible Things• that happen an the world Read and d1SCus.s news s1orics, historical evenL~. sporting accomplishmenb. amazing inventions, ulcs of survival and raniaslic JOumcys, and mo~l 1mporwuly, personal life cxpcncnccs m lhc accomplishment or "The Impossible". For example: Remember when ... ..."Nick almost gave up finding a shark's t0olh at the beach-and then found live!" ·~"Grandma 105t her diamond ring m lhc gnx:cry ~iorc parking 101 and wcnL b:lck lhat nighl and found 1L" ..."Dana though I she'd never be able to afford her trip to the Soviet Union and !hen raised all the money for tile lrip by selling hct pocll) books." Our true contcmpornry heroes arc ordinary people in ordinary cin:umslallCCS who occomplish cx1100td1nary tilings. • Acknowledge. and celebrate seasonal changes and cytlical llllnsfonmuions, e.g. watch 1hc moon wax and wane. gardcM grow. birds migraic. cocoons spin and haich. seeds di\-pc.rsc. Notice and honor developmental changes in ram1ly member;: e.g. have celebrations m honor or landmark events. bcginnmgs. endings. and annavcrw1cs-· there's always something IO cclcbrutc, rrom lo<;t w:cth to maJor rites of passage. American l1'3d1tion I\ lacking in mual. Look to other cultures and uad11ions and creaic your own! Gncve the losses and welcome the new growth !hat rollows Personalil~ Factor~ and Well-Being (I) Eyeball the week ahead 10 alert one anolhcr abou1 high ~lre5' limes and ask for cxlr'd supJ10n, e.g. Nack mak<:S school lunches when Dana has a track meet so she can get some cxtnl rest: Dan3 covers dinner when I need to prepare for a worlc'\hop. Communic~ning m advance •Experience and affinn your conna:ledn~ to tile world·•ll·latgc Mike family dcc1s1ons about what contnbuuons io m:t.lcc 10 commumty and global service projects. The needs, a~ we look around u•. arc overwhelming. Learning lO make choice~ aoout how to u<c: our personal energy and rc~rces 1s a b;i~1c hfc skill for hvang m th" age. Remember the story of 1hc person at the edge of the '>Ca, tossing beached si.arfish back mto the occan. A man appro:1chcd und '"I.ell, "Why arc yoo bothering to do tha11 Then: arc so mnny. Whm d11Tcrcncc docs it make io save a few?" 11ui person p3uscd. thought. smiled nnd, tossing ano1hcr \lllffitj\ mto 1hc sea, replied •1t make' a diffcrcnc.: to that one: •explore mull1-cuhurnl perspectives by cncuuragmg c~changc~ through pen.pals. ho,11ng mtcmauonal ''i\ltOrs, or travel D.> your g1fl·shopp1ng lhrough catalog., that \upport collage mdu\trlC\ 1n ,·nrious cuhures around the world. Dana involved our cnurc famil)·. from C03Sl to coast, in her ci111..cn-diplnmacy trap to lhe Soviet Union lhis past summer She enhanced our ·spirit or Po~1l>1hty" by making her own dream come true and ~he created a network of connectedness bctwc:cn many Sovic:ts and Americans \\ho share the larger dream or world peace. &.>Lnte.r, 1989-90 about schedules 1\ connic1 pn:vcnuon! (2) Milke \tree;,; mnnagcmcnt a family alTair. Take walks. have joint "temper tantrum'· 10 let off sicam. talk about your drc3111s, give one anolhcr massag~. have ·,1op-:icuon hug~· (prionty hug> can mltrTUp! any ac11vi1y, C\cn an argument). Plan healthy menu.' together, hsien lO music. dance. LAUGll A LOT! llavc nightly snuggles before bed. Every f;tmily ~ds to discover and invent 1ts own 'tlC'' managcmcn1 plan Suppon one another's mdl\·1du.al \l.l'CSS marugcmcnt programs, IOO. Dana ruid Nick ga>c me space for mcd11auon, racqlldball, or naps. Tran.•;pona110n to tllcir 'JX>rb. academic and ~ul cvcnL~ is a pnoruy for me. (3) Learn w1lh your ch1IJrcn wmc tools for ccn1ermg. n:laxauon 8lld sp1r11ual renewal Pra)'Cr. mcd1ta.t1on, visunli1.ation, brealhmg, }Oga, dance. ~ns. and CCr1ilm man1al JI'\.\ (p:llllCUlllfly the nuid, powerful and non-v1oleni ans suc;h as a1k1do and T11.1 Cha). arc all ways to develop a relaxed, Oc.ublc. balanced. aucnuvc, and strong poMllre. From tl11$ ccnicrcd siate at is easier to move with confidence and care through life's ngors. (oontiml<d an~ 23) �Developing the Creative Spirit by Linda Metzner Imagine a warm, lazy summer's day, sky very blue. You are on your back watching clouds roll by. What do you sec there in the clouds? How docs it sound to you? Can you move the way the clouds move? What are the possibilities? Can your imagination take you places you've never been before? Are there new ways to get there? If we are not utilizing the body-mind's creative capabilities, we are allowing ninety percent of the nco-conex --the largest and most recently-developed pan of the brain--to go unused, an ocean of untapped potenrial. The work of a lifetime, in tenns of mind evolution, is to make new connections, to use the heart-mind, the whole brain and the nervous system, to crave! to new realms on new paths, 10 envision and create ever-greater inter-relationships among things. A deeper goal of the teaching of creativity. and of an, is to offer a starting-point, a vocabulary of the spirit, tools for climbing through the changing terrain of the mind. The dilemmas of our lives are dealt with by looking not just or the problems but with them, around them, inside and outside of them, and beyond them. Imagination, "the ability to create images not present to the sensory system;· involves the creation of thousands of physical connecting links between neurons in the brain. If the neurological structures for creative thinking are allowed to develop in childhood, regardless of the end product of the imaginative thought, then the resulting system of abundant connecting links will be available to the adult as well. Joseph Chilton Pearce, m his book The Magical Child. speaks about a cenain point in childhood, especially between the ages of seven and eleven, where vmually any suggestion can be adopted and utilized by the child, if it is given without doubt or ambiguity. Wnlking through fire, healing ~·ith the hands, clairvoyance, many typ;!S of "paranormal" abilities arc really extensions of creative thinking exhibited by children given "pennission" to experience them. Here are a few travel tips for the lifelong journey of nunuring the creative spirit within ourselves and others: Play. relax, go slow. New ideas will come from places that are beyond your conscious control. Make time for them. Listen to your dreams, your flashes of insight, your intuition. Try not to label mind processes as weird or useless. Don't be shocked if you hear of other sounds, colors, or beings a child is conscious of. You arc tapping into a world Edith Cobb calls "common-plus-cosmic". Give yourself guidelines for creative activities. AJlow the mind to play with one or two small features, and explore all the possibilities: a few colors. a few textures, a musical interval or timbre. Try to have material that presents ever-increasing challenges, but stay grounded in past work. In teaching music, try to stan with the body, with movement. for every new idea introduced. JC.Qiiuih Journat p1t9e 8 "Compe1itions are for horses, not anists" (Picasso). Don't compare, rate, evaluate or "improve" anyone's work. Ask the anis1 to tell abou1 ii and get some insight into her/his thinking. Have some open rime, some open space, and some open materials. Keep a box of bright colored papers, scissors, glue, fabric. markers, pencils; loose clothes for movement: a variety of sound-makers; typewriter or tape recorder for stories. Study and learn. Be aware of how others are taking new leaps and exploring new territory. Look for examples in life of an going outside old boundaries: murals, mobiles, architecture, pantomime, storytelling. This is the same evolutionary process found in frogs, flowers, and blue-footed boobies. Look at how it's been done in other places. In Africa, animal forms become patterns on cloth; in Bali, girls dance as goddesses in a trance state; in China, a five-note scale played on bamboo pipes forms an orchesrra. Other cultures have already transcended some of the artistic boundaries that we've inherited in ours. After working alone, try working with one or two others. Your ideas may expand synergbtically, way beyond what you had alone. Learn simultaneously to respect others' crearions as you create your own. Sometimes this calls for quiet listening or watching others, or spending time with someone else's finished work. What new ways does he/she open up 10 you? A mind that craves new solutions, new paths. can leap out of trenches of conditioning and make miracles happen. This. after all, is how the Universe 1s being created, even as we speak! RESOURCES: CATALOGS • Animal Town CoopcraU\'C Ventures PO Box 2002. S:tnlll Barbara. CA 93102 • Chmabcny Book Scrvice 2830 Via Orange Way Su11.c B, Spring Valley, CA 92078 • Geode Educational ()pllon~ PO Box 106, We.~1 Che.qcr, PA 19381 • Music For Lillie People PO Box 1460, Redway, CA 95560 • Suzuki Musical lnsuumcnis PO Box 261030. San Diego, CA 92126 • World Music Press 11 Myrtle Avenue, PO Box 2565, Danberry, CT 06813 SUGGESTED READING Adams, James. The Cart 01ld Feeding of Ideas. Addison· Wesley. 1986. Amabile, TCIC.~ Growing Up Creative Crown Publishers, 1989. Cobb, Edith. The Ecology of lmDgina11on in Childhood Columbia Umvcrs11y Press, 1977. Gardner. Howard. Frames of M111d: Tht TMory of Multiplt lnttll1gtncts. Basic Books, Inc. 1983. Pearce. Joseph Chihon. TM Magical Child and TM MallU;al Child Matures. E.P. Dunon, New York. 1977 Piening, Ek.lcchan:I and Lyons, Nick. Educating as an Art, The Rudolf Si.cincr Mciliod. The Rudolf Si.cuicr School Press. NY. 1979. Reck, David. TllL Music of tM IVholt Earth. Charles Scribncr'5 Sons, NY. 1977. ~ lmdo Merzner reaches Orff music and co.directs Anspirit, a srudio of creorive orrs in Asheville. NC. She is a composer 011d arranger and direcis rlie choral group, Womansong. H.l~nter, 1989-90 �The :Balloon Ls A. Unworn These ukas /or cJ.vfik>plrJ.9 c:reattvit!I i.n mlldrcn '"" s!Jared U'ith us from A.rtspu1t, 11 i;reato-e art..s studio 1n Asm:i•1Jle, NC. 1'!4:mbcrs 1nc{Ulk: 1'frls A.rrwld. (day). 'BarrU: 'Barron (m<wcment), Norma 1Jradky (paper), Vicki. aadh~UIJ (ft/x:r ), and lmdu 1'f4Urwr (musu;). Xak.e a sefJ-portrait with pieces of coCored. paper. Choose the coCors that you.. IJorr.. as smaU: ' - mmn the most to or as i.ur9e as ~ou Llke. 1.nter , 1989- 90 �by Lucinda Aodin and Martha Perkins We need co recognize how imponant it is that women take back their power· the natural power of creation is ours. While a woman feels most in concrol of the birthing experience in her own home, it is most important that she be able to exercise her power wherever a binh should happen. Women often do not realize the tremendous reservoir of power that is theirs to tap into when they are delivering a newborn. Birthing a child is the most powerful activity that our bodies can perform, and a woman who can binh with power will be a better mother and a stronger woman. No matter where a baby is born, the mother should be able to accomplish it with the full power that is inherent in the act and with the dignity of womanhood. We recently viewed a slide show of binh as represented in an throughout history from cave glyphs to modem obstetrics. Traditionally women are shown birthing upright, strong and confident. A woman helper ·or sometimes a man • is behind her; a midwife is below and in front of her. Paintings and drawings from around the world and throughout the ages of history all depict this trinity of birth... until modem times. As the picrures draw closer to the present, the woman sinks fanher and farther back into the images until she disappears from the picture altogether. In recent photographs of operating room situations the woman giving birth is not even visible. She is flat on her back. her whole body draped except for a gaping vagina, which usually has been cut. She is not mother or a person, but a thing. Watching those slides brought home instantly what has happened since our birth power has been stripped from us. functions of her body, mind. and spirit, and she is delivered. She is not giving birth, or delivering her new-born life. She is being delivered, which implies that she is being set free ... "Deliver me from this childl" ... who is then taken away to the nurseries, to the bath, to be re-warmed after its small body is chilled. This separation creates much emotional hardship for both parents and child. But the love of a mother and a father is amazing. It reaches beyond the hardship and bonds in love with their child • but childbirth and bonding does not have to be so hard. We tend co think of power in terms of its mis-use rather than thinking of power as being healing and strong. A woman's birth power is power in its pure sense: power that is not manipulative, not selfish. Birth power is selfless. Labor is a series of overwhelming surges of energy, powerful waves. Binh is a power act. It is one way in which a woman quests for a vision and finds her pince in this life. In giving birth a woman must exercise the ultimate strength of yielding. In yielding to her labor she draws on the energy of the life foroe. Our culture tends to consider yielding as an act of weakness. But in giving birth, yielding is the strongest act. h is the strength of the whole uruversc that brings a baby into chis world. When birth is a narural act of power, a woman is not delivered. She embraces the power of her womanhood, yields to the strength of her body and her spirit, and gives her baby passage into his or her own life. Watching births we have learned that a midwife's job is to guide a woman into her power· to work with a mother, to educate her, and to help her to use her innate knowledge. It is amazing to watch the change in a woman as she comes into her power. Entering a hospiial a woman feels small and insignificant, like a pebble amid the looming technology. It is unnerving. The situation is out of her control and her mate's control as well. Every intervention tells her that she knows nothing about the procedures of birth and that her instincts arc not to be truSted. The hospital staff is in command. She is not IO yield tO the power of birth. Rather, anaesthesia takes over the We arc successful as midwives when at the end of a birthing the woman says, "I did it. Thank you for helping me." If a woman says,"I couldn't have done it without you," we have not done our job well enough. The mother deserves the credit. After all, she has done all the work. If someone were to ask us, "What is the job of a midwife?", we would reply, "To give back chc power." . ~t.UA.h . . JounwaC p"'.JS 10 �• To rcali1.C the binhing power we must first relearn the birthing process. It is an ancient process, a wise way, and generations of humaniiy have proven that it works. Then, anned with our knowledge, we must demand 1ha1 our institutions change with us. Our hospitals. doctors, nurses, anJ midwives have to allow us as women to have control over our own health - no, we as women must take control. Families will never be srrong until we take back the power of birth...and until we have power and strength in the family. we will never truly heal the Eanh. Lucinda Flodin and Manha Perkins art both motlU!rs a11d work togetlier as a midwife team in the area s11rrn11ndi11g their lwmes in the Doe River watershed. by Jan Verhaeghe Midwives nuending home binhs know the success of their calling-the welfare of the mothers and babies in their care-depends in pan on the special time immediately after birth. No midwife worth her salt, excep1 in a m.iner of life or death, would take a b:lby from the mother. What exactly is binh-bonding? Birth-bonding is the uninterrupted time immediately following binh when 1hc mother and baby establish the foundation for their relationship by re-connecting in every aspec1 of their now separate lives. The most intense and the most important period for birth-bonding is the firlit two hours but cenainly Iasis until the baby falls into 1he deep steep infants experience St!Veral hour.; after binh. During bonding, mother and child becollll! linked psychically in a way that defies our ability 10 analyze the experience. The newborn is extremely impressionable and everything that happens during this period leaves a deep imprinL The natural longing of 1he baby is to re-establish i1s cquilibrium--to be wann, 10 be held, to suck. to hear a familiar heartbeat. To be separated from the mother at this time must leave a la.sung and discressed memory. I believe bonding is visual, tactile, aural, oral, olfactory, and hormonal and occurs most easily when the mo1her holds her baby and interacts wi1h it through the senses during 1hc sensitive period immediately following birth. The "en face" posilion--touching and being touched, hearing and being heard, feeding and being fed. learning each others smells-are complex interactions that occur with case when a baby is placcd--and left--in its mother's arms. The mos1 immediate person to bond wiih a newborn i~ the mother, but it is very important that fa1hers also bond with their infantS. Fathers who have had 1he opponuni1y to bond with one child but not with another 1ell 1he same storie_, as the mothers of these children. Fathers of C-sccuon babies often are better·bonded with their infants than the mother simply because a woman who has just undergone major surgery cannot give her full allention to her infant Siblings bond wi1h an infant v.ith outsianding positive results as .... ell. Many well·mcaning physicians and hospnal personnel feel tha1 a mo1her's holding her baby for a few minuies on !he delivery table constitutes "bonding". However, true binh bonding means mother and baby are nm scpara1ed for hours or even days following 1he birth. While the imponance of binh-bonding has caugh1 the auention of many hospitals, us ~,it.er, l 989•90 specific meaning and significance has often become sacrificed to hospital routine. For citample, the widespread use of anaesthesia in hospiial binh.s continues to be common practice. My first three binhs in 1hc 60's were under Demerol and Scopolaminc, an amnesiac. With "scope;• a mother "forgets" the birth Cltperiencc and is too drugged to look at her baby who is also drugged. Twenty-four hours later, I was given my first look at my baby. I had no memory of the binh, and the baby seemed a perfect stranger. Having missed out on sucking during the minutes following birth, the baby seemed not to know what to do the first times at the breast, and I invariably felt rejected by each of my babies. I also felt inadequate as a mother. With each baby, a kind nurse suggested trying again later and went off to the nursery to give the baby a bottle. As a result I and many other women often questioned our ability not only to breastfeed a baby but to care for an infant. Later on many of us found little satisfaction in raising our young children. b:lby but to care for an intan1. Later on many of us found linle satisfaction in raising our young children. I am fonun:11e to have had another chance at childbinh and an opponunily 10 experience birth-bonding with two babies. With these babies or the 70's, one born in a hospital but with no drugs, the other born at home attended by a midwife, 1 breastfed with ease and confidence. In addition, I never felt any alienation from my babies, never knew post-partum depression, and experienced child rearing as a joyous and fulfilling experience--in my 40's. As a result of my mid-life binh experiences. I became a labor suppon person, childbinh educator. and activist. Undoubtedly the most important a.~pect of my las! 1wo binhs was the binh-bonding I had with my babies. Meeting and observing many mothers and babies over the last eigh1 years, I am convinced 1hat bonding has a profound effcc1 on how we parent and on how our children grov. spiritually as well as mentally and physically. When I first became nctive with childbinh in the RO's, I could not help bu1 noiice that mothers who expressed joy and who had an air of serenity about them as they dealt with their children were mothers who had drug-free deliveries and who were not separated from their newborn. ln 1nlking and corresponding with moihers who had experienced binh bonding with one child but no1 with another, I found the same story over and over. There were many more difficulties of every kind where there was linle or no bonding. These babies had problems feeding, cried more, were often unhappy as toddlers. The mothers often fell rejected by the babies, were frequcnily depressed, and questioned their abilities 10 mother Where there was bonding, the opposite was true. While no one wants a mother to experience any more pain than is necessary, the use of anaesthesia in whatever form is 1he factor most likely to prevent bonding. While an epidural anaesthetic (injected between the layers of the covering of 1he spinal cord) allows a woman 10 be awake, it canies with it many risks that make funherintervention likely. With an epidural, a woman mus1 lie almost motionless for a long time which compromises the baby's oxygen supply often making a C-section necessary. Even if she avoids surgery, she has no control over her body from the waist down and often experience~ headaches which further inccrfen: with the bonding process. Natural childbirth may seem an impossibility 10 women v. ho have been taught 10 fear the experience. However, with preparation and loving suppon. the great majori1y of women experience childbirth a:; an exhilarating even! with binh·bonding the a.\pcct that has the most positive long-term effect. Jan \'erliaeghe lives in tlw Hendersonville, NC are.a and provides c/Uldbirrh prepara1im1 for ho~ and hospilJl/ bin/~ XcltUM )o"-rt1.GL PIMJC l l �The Magic of Puppetry An Interview with Bonnie Blue by Christina Morrison and Karen Watkins Karuah: How did you become a professional puppetee11 You said it was a gradual process? Bonnie: J used 10 be an extremely shy, sensitive, unself-confident person. And going from 1here 10 an outrageous puppe1eer... you could ask why such a change? Kanlah: Was it the positive response to your gift with puppetS? Bonnie: I didn't have the confidence to see my gif1s. ll was playing with children. And by doing voice exercises, breath exercises, mime, developing charac1er, realizing what my body was doing when I was hunched over and covering my hean. And just grokking those things, understanding them, made me open up. That's all. I just got to break my own rules. Katuah: And do all those things your puppets were doing! Bonnie: Yeah, through the puppets I got to do them. And I got 10 realize how fun it was to run around my universe smashing my rules and "supposed to's." And then I got to see this whole new person in here that I liked! You know, self-likin~. It's so much fun teaching self-liking. Kids like themselves... they say, "I made rhis puppet and irs great! Bonnie says it's great. I know it's grear!" Kau1ah: Do you make your own puppets? Bonnie: Yes. Snooge was the first puppet I built. He's a three foot tall abominable snowman with a 2 year-old personaJity. So he says things like, "You! Come! Give me hug! Oh ho, that tickle Snooge; that make me happy!" (laughter)...That kind of lovable fella. And the show was a take-off on Scrooge; that's bow we got his name. Ka!Uah: How do you manipulate them? On strings? Bonnie: I know ... well, I'm glad you're here. (laughter) Frog: You know, its a funny thing about peoplc--thcy'll laugh al anything, won't you? AHAHAHA!! Oh, look at that- there's a gnat! Bonnie: No there's not ... Frog: No wonder I've got a headache... Frog: Right up thcre ...comc on you liule guy...(hystcrical laughter) HUSH! You might sea.re him away! ... bcre be comes!! (buzzzzz·---slurp!I) 1 LOVE GNATS!! Bonnie: And the other hand makes your ann move, and T don't have more hands to rn:ike your feet \lr'alk. Katuah: Oh that's great! The kids must go wild. I bet they can talk to him for hours and cell him all their feelings... Bonnie: Yeah, they do. and I.hey wanna touch him a loL. Frog: Get their hands in my mouth ... Bonnie: These arc moving mouth puppets so they·~ not on strings. I play with Mr. Frog most often in the classroom- he's a good lap puppet. Snooge is hard lo put on my lap, but Frog here... Bonnie: He does a series, Frog here. He comes to the classroom and helps me teach. First of alJ, l teach three forms of character. Physical character-when they build their own puppets they think about how we look and our differences, like hair color, etc. The second fonn is vocal cbaractcr-nol just talking but sound effects: Frog: Hi! (deep, froggy voice) Frog: .... Nyaat...... ncooow .....secceccuurp! ! Kawah: HL Frog! Bonnie: And the third form is movcment--how lo move their hands when they're making it talk. And within moving character you have the concept of gravity. For example, you Frog: Hello...about time I got outta my basket. );:Q Li4an l '' ( . don't let a puppet float because frogs don't float - they jump up, they come down. So we do this and he helps me teach gravity. The' way I do it is he begs me 10 make him walk: and I say, "I can't, I only have one hand-one hand's in your head, see? Frog: Aaarrghhh!!.... But I wanna walk! Bonnie: I'll make you hop! Frog: I don't wanna hop. I never liked to hop. I wanna WALK!! Bonnie: So then he'll say, "Hey. haven't you been teaching these kids how to use puppcts7" And 111 say "Yeah". And he'll whisper to me -and I love making puppelS whisper cause the whole class is listcning·--hc'll say... Frog: ...Maybe a couple of them could help me' walk ...??! Bonnie: So we do. A couple of kids come up and each takes one of his sticks and I say. "Now before you sum, remember we have lb exaggerate everything with a puppet. We're gonna lift each leg high in the air, bringing It far forward ... " Frog: Jllicelegs,huh? Jomrm! pa«Je 12 I I 1\: Winter, t 989-9l ' f I 1 •ll �Bonnie: And then down just a linle in front of the other leg... And then I get them going really fast and Frog'll say, "Oh this is so exciting! So exciting! I get 10 walk!" And his legs are going everywhere and he goes "AAAHHHHI!" and falls down! Major crash!... And then he goes: Frog: .... UUUUHHH ..... .AAARRRGHHH!! ....(painfully pulling his legs up) How long have you two been walking, anyway? Don't you know you don't pick up both feet at the same time? That's hard on the old frog belly... (J1ysrerica/ laughter) Bonnie: (to us) Are you alright? h's a wonderful way to show teachers how 10 use a puppet to teach a concept.The kids don't even know they're learning about gravity... they'rc having fun. try, even when it comes to folding a piece of cardboard. Third graders will say, "I can't; do mine!" And I'll say, "Silliness!, of course you can! If r gave you a snowy hill and a piece of cardboard you'd bring it back to me loonng like a rag!" And then every time, no mauer what it looks like, I'll say, "Perfect!, wonderful!, you guys are so good!" Katuah: Do you stage any productions in your program? Bonnie: No, I don't have time. First I do a demonstration of puppet types. I bring in shadow puppets, string puppets, rod puppets and scenery puppets--trccs that talk. And full size body puppets like Momma and Baby Dragon. Ka!Uah: And they're getting their bodies into it, so it's not just this abstract concept. Bonnie: According to Dr. Joseph Chilton Pearce, who wrote The Magical Child, children ICMn best when rhey use their bodies. That's why they'll be banging, clicking, rocking ... and then they're told to sit ~till! But a lot of rcachers now are using this idea. They say,"When r reach syllables, we drum! Katuah: And your kids also make their own puppets, right? Karuah· They must love having a puppet to take home. Katuah: And do their kids get out of hand when they're with you ... because they need to let loose? Bonnie: No, actually they don't. The thing is that Lhcy're not very creative - they're afraid to try. In classrooms where the teachers are saying "very good," "good for you," "my class is so great!"-- the kids can't wair. They Slllrt throwing their voices right away, they're anxious 10 explore new ground. But where the teachers are afraid and need to have "proper" behavior, the children arc afraid 10 Wlnter, 1989-90 Bonnie: I encourage the teachers to follow up. And after creating and learning to use I.heir puppet I let each one come up and do something wilh their puppet for the class. So they really discipline themselves and focus on it and create an imaginary friend ... and. you know?, its not really imaginary anymore. Katuah: Most kids are taken out of their imaginations and into "reality" way too soon. And all the creative potential that's losL.. Bonnie: It's true. The imagination is a preuy special space. C first learned this watching mime anists. Totally blank scage and they create imagcs...pulling ropes, falling in love, picking a flower. And the audience secs the flower, a yellow flower and it smells like a daisy .... I do a story called "The Fishes' Wishes", where puppets are by a nver, going fishing and there 's a troll under a bridge and all that. And once a 3 year old came up afterward and said, "How come your feet aren't wet after standing in that river all that time?" So there's a magic that goes on between audience and performer... that realm of imagination where you can walk without your body and be there with other people. And it's a place of extreme pleasure. Katuah: It's also unportam for kjds to work through their feelings with fantasy. Like dolls --it's play therapy. But \\.hen they get past second or third grade they get messages that it's not ok to pretend. they're not supposed to play dolls (especially boys). And puppets give them that okay. Bonnie: Yes. They bring in an old sock, knick-knacks, buttons, lace, etc .. and I provide the furl) hlllt and moving eyes. Bonnie : Oh gosh, they love these puppets. First they glue the fabnc mouth pieces together, which 1s prcuy challenging, and I take it as an opportunity to affirm them. Number one, when you're working with puppets you cannot fail. Anything you do 1s brilliant, and the more you do of it, the beuer. So they make brides, punk rockers, little girls, a lot of dragons. Then I say, "Go home and empty your junk drawers!" And the next day they bring in all kinds of stuff to decorate them. Fabric, nut shells, boule tops, yarn ... and we lay a big pile on the table and I insist that the children do all the choosing. And some teachers just can't sra11d it. They'll say, "Red and orange don't match". So I say, "But it doesn't maucr with a puppet- the wilder the beuerl Let's see what it looks like." Its just the "shoulds" we all learned as children that they're passing on ... Kaniah: So you leave them t0 create plays on their own. Bonnie: 1 think kids are pretty willing to pretend up until third or fourth grade. Mostly sixth grade is the oldest age I work with. People are afraid to try puppets with older kids. Kauiah: Why? When I introduce Momma Dragon I say, "One of the things we're going to study is character- physical, moving and vocal differences". And while I'm doing that I'm putting her head and hands on and I say, "Has my physical character changed, by the way?" And they say, "Yeah!" And I spread my body out and start breathing really deep and take a big, slow step. By then they're backing up, staning to squeal. Then I slowly tum around and make her look at one of the kids who's not backing up 100 much. And then I come forward and swallow that child! Katuah: Oh my Goddess! You're kidding! Bonnie: No--the head is so big it could encompass your whole body. And then she stands up and says "YUMMM• " And that's how I begin the program. Then they stan thinking about what they want to make, and the second day, we glue the mouths of the hand puppctS together. Then the third and founh days we finish the puppets and the fifth day we do skills ... breathing, talking, eye contact, gravny, moving. sound effectS. Bonnie: In America, people think puppets are for children ... in the European countries people know puppets are for all ages. And puppetry is also fairly new here, whereas it's thousands of years old in Europe and the Orient. I love the origin stories. I know there used to be puppets of Jesus that opened and closed their eyes and mouths, and most of these were burned during inquisition times--and I imagine so were the puppeteers! And in Java the puppeteer has been their spiritual teacher for cons. He goes from village to village and sets up his scrim and docs a shadow production for 2 or 3 nights ... and of course they don't have lights, so they use the fire. In India and Java they call the veil of the shadow scrim the "veil of the worlds". Kauiah : There arc so many ways to use puppets that most people aren't aware of. I taught French 10 a kindergarten using a puppet who only spoke French. He'd tell me he was embarasscd cause he couldn't speak English and was afraid the kids wouldn't like him. So immediately the children said, "tell him we'll continued on next page JC:ol.UM Jo14rnoC pcaqe 13 �speak in his language!" And they all wanted to learn French so they could talk to Giuseppe. Bonnie: How perfect. I'd really like to work in the depths of the education system and give teachers the tools to usc ...altcmatives. Most are so frustrated with all the paperwork. They say, ''I used to be able to do art work with the kids but I don't get to have fun with them anymore." gone into ans. And their parents have grown up with very little ... but through this program they meet so many different kinds of artists. It gives them an idea of the world other than T. V. and their own backyard. When I first staned "'ith Mountain Ans I was just going to perfonn and teach abou1 puppets. And then I gor the idea for having kids make 1he1r own puppets and so much has come out of it--all the characters- I had no idea. Katuah: Do you ask teachers to stay in the room while you're there? Karuah: Getting the kids involved ... expressing rhemselve~. Thar's the magic of i1. Bonnie: I like the teachers to be there and pick up on it and help our. And I've also had teachers inhibit the class wnh their "supposed to's". Especially with the sound effects. That drives teachers crazy 'cause they've spent all year teaching the kids not to do those things. And then I'll say,"Lct's hear your voice. let's hear it loud!", and the kids arc going wild and the teacher's looking at the door...(laughs) But they've got to realize they can let it all loose. They can take a puppet and be fun and make the kids laugh and they won't lose conrrol or respect, they will gain it. If they dare to share with a child in their realm, then they've gotten inside and can teach much more effectively. If they'll go into the child's world rather than criticizing the child for not being m the institutional world ... Bonnie: The primary value is definitely expression--in every form. in any form--and the accep1ance of that expression. Self acceptance: teachers accep1ing their self-expression, children accepting theirs. teachers accepting children. and children accepnng teachers. At the end of my program when the kids introduce their puppets 10 the class. every once in a while I'll get a teacher who'll do it, too, and the kids love it! They'll say."Wow!. she made a voice for her puppet"' And I know the teacher might feel like an idiot. especially when she's supposed to be a standard in a group and she's asked to do things that are real weird and silly. So going through and daring to feel that sillinesi. and create an expression--daring 10 do that is. I think, the greatest transformer. I've seen it first of all with myself, ho11. brave I've gouen, and I've seen it with the cluldren. In 1his process I've taken a close look at life and how we hold ourselves, the way we look. our hean area. With a puppet. if the bean's covered you know how Lllat feels • it's sad. And with love you're throwing it out. With anger, you cover it, tum it away. look down the long nose. I teach those types of expression. Katuah: Their world ... Bonnie: It's not even the teacher's world - it's the 'supposed to be' world. And they were taught 11 and they're still trying to be very good at it. But there are lots of exceptions... like Mrs. Thompson in Brevard. She takes her lcids out and teaches them to plant trees and grow seeds and mke care of animals. She teaches respect for nature. And she docs ii on her own. Katuah: What's your feeling about the Mountain Arts Program? Karuah: You're reaching a 101 about human relations and the self--much more than just "puppets". Bonnie: h's wonderful. The thing I love about it is we're touching the really rural communities. If it wasn't for Mtn. Ans those kids wouldn't be gelling hands-on contact with artists very often.They have strong spons programs but not a lot of funding has Bonnie: Teachers will say, "Kids that never talk have their puppets talking!" Or, "I learned so much about this child from his puppet and what it's saying." Sometimes I see children who might be abused at home and they'll punch their puppet or the JC.citiwh Journa! pciqe t 4 puppet 1s very aggressive and wants 10 chew and bite. So I might say to the puppet, "What's your name?" And the puppet says. "None of your business". And I say, ''Well aren't you glad to have a boy like this?" "No. I hate him." And I say, "But he sure did a good job making you. that I can say for sure". And the puppet gets quieter, softer ... So I plant a little seed of positive. It's all I get ume to do but it could be taken so much funher. That's why I encourage them to hug the puppet... Katuah: And make friends with their puppet. Bonme: Yes. Because they're expressing to themselves, talking 10 themselves. Another 1hing about problem children ... If you have a class of twenty-eight kids and one or two are hyperactive or disruptive, the teacher usually puts them in the hall because she doesn't have 1ime to deal with them. So I know that child is lacking love. Love really heals a battered child. So the disruptive child I find. which doesn't happen much 'cause with puppets even those children arc usually pretty engrossed ... Karuah: They just want a little more attention from you. Bonnie: Exactly. And that's what I give them. I give them what they wanr. I make them come up front and hold my hand. I'll pat 1heir hand or put my hand on their shoulder if they'll let that happen. And I'll say, "you need to hold my hand, that way if you don't hear my message with your cars, you'll feel it from my energy". I reach them about communication without words. I'll use gesture and mime and rouch because the problem children need to be touched. Katuah: Do you wish you had more time to spend wnh each group? Bonnie: Definitely. It'd be nice to teach puppetry as a full time cumculum. If you have a good puppet teacher you can have art and thearre in the same school. .. and you don't have to use only puppets. You could combine creative writing, theatre and an .•. And you might be doing Midsummer Nigl11's Dream so conum:cd on p. 28 WLntcr, 1989-90 r �by Doug Woodward and Trbh Severin There arc many different reasons pan:nts might want to teach their children ut home. As parents, the two of us panscularly want to nurture in our children the 4u.1lities of love crcativuy. mdcpendcnr thinking, enthusiasm for learning, a po~11ivc ..elf-1mage. and a spim or co-opcra11on (rather than compctiuon) with others. As there is no altcmauvc school in Macon County where we live, we at one point were seriously considering moving to an arc:1 that offered a good choice in alternative education Then we heard mention or homeschooltng and decided that maybe the quality education we sought could best be provided right here at home. The "social problem" often mentioned in connection with homeschooling gave us pause. however. We were afraid that our young one> might become isolated at home and not have enough interaction with other children. Our worries were needless. We found that there were many other families involved in homeschooling m our area, and that there were plenty of activities planned to bring the homeschoolers together. The more we read and the more we interacted with other families, the more assured we were that the "social problem" of homeschooling was not a problem at all. As we watched the children interactmg in small groups, we could not help but think it was a favorable co.1trast to the usual social experience found in a classroom of 25 or 30. If, like us, your family is interested in homeschooling, you might find that you are not as alone as you might think at first. Even in rural Registration The suuc of North Cnrolina requires that 11 child be registered by age seven for public, private, or homeschooling. For informauon on Ille requ1remcnis f0< regis1ntlion of homcschoolcrs, wmc: Staie of North C..olma Division or Non·Public EdllCllltOn c/o Ron Helder, DIJ'CCtor 532 N. Wilmingion SL Raleigh, NC 27604 (919) 733-4276 The states of Virginia and Tennessee regmcr homcschool children through the county bonrd$ of education. Contact your local board for mfonnalioo. areas the homeschooling population h significant, and chance~ are that the.re will be a support group dose by. Homeschooling support groups can serve 1heir member' in a number of ways. l.c:r's loClk at the children first ·1 hough it\ true that the parents can direct the kids toward rradit1on:d mu~ic cla;scs, sports activities, and classes for special skills. socializing with other homcschoolers has benefits all its own. When families get 1ogc1hcr, the age grouping is vertical and scattered. not horii.ontal as is found in an onhodox classroom. A ~ix-year--0ld might learn 1he needs of an infant. share thoughts with a teenager, and deal with adults on a personal level r.ither than as authority figures. Harmony, tolerance, and cooperation are fostered. Even wuhin the fun activities, opportunities for learning abound. For example, our group pressed apples this fall. Children involved in the ga1hering, washing, chopping, pressing, and bouling of organically grown fruit are likely to come away with more than just the mste of juice in their mouths! Adult members of a support group always have their own skills 10 share, whether they use these skills in the course of earning a living, or whether these are activities that they just love doing. And do not forget the emerging skills of the children. They, too, have something imponant to teach the adults. if we will listen. Family activities • planned so that bo1h spouses can panicipate - are the heart of the social opportunities in a support group. Potlucks, field trips, campouts, and service projects are but a few of these. On the other side of the coin, mcntorship Finding Help for Your Homeschooling Program Magazines llomt EdJ<c011011 MogortM Box 1083 Tonaske!, WA 98855 programs offer a one-on-one growing and learning experience. Here a child can select an adult who offers a skill m which he or she 1s interested. The child makes the contact and together the child and the adult work our a time when that skill is being used and the young one can ohscrve or participate. Support groups also offer the parents infoimation to help them get staned and to aid in dealing with legal requirements. The group can also provide curriculum help, creative ideas, workshops, connection to state or national homeschooling organizations. and plain old empathy! We greatly appreciate the nexibility and choice involved in homeschooling. The children's love and enthusiasm for learning has been fostered by studying subjects in which they are most interested and when the readiness is there. We srudy subjects in an integrated manner. always making it "hands on" as much as possible. If the children become interested in Indians, we get involved in native dance,.music, cooking, crafts, st0ries, and more. Since we continue to be actively involved in bicycle touring, canoeing, and ,backpacking, we just take the cllildren along. We can spontaneously take off on an adventure withowt the hqsS'le of school schedules. A family field trip is a highly educational expcriem.:c:! • Leaming togettier continues to be exciting and challenging as our falJlily-continues io.make its own path into eCluca[lpn'. No longer do we ~lk about relocating to anoiher ~a in S8anfh of an education that fits our children's needs, for we've found it right here ~t home. A Bcka Book Publications Box 18000 Pensacola. fl.. 32523 Calvcn School IOS Tuscany Rd. Bnllimorc. MD 21210 Oak Meadow School Bol 712 Blacksburg, VA 24060 Gr11wing Witlwut Sclwo/111g 2869 Massnchuscus Ave. Cambridge. MA 02140 The Sycamon: Troe Ttaching Books and Matt rlals CoSta Mesa. CA 92627 Rainbow Resource Center The loc:al library is a good place to begin your search for aYllllable homeschooling mrucrials. Some local libraries have worked with homeschooling groups in pun:hasing books, petiod1cals, and assisting in the Organlu t ions National Homeschool Assiocialion Box58746 Seattle, WA 98138 (SOO) 486-135 I (S<rvius: o quarterly newsle11u. teoclttng rt-'Ourct file, homuclwol trove/ directory, tttn·IO•lttn program, apprtnticeslups and mtntorships for homtschooltrs. student uchan~, oN1 o 11twslt11tr digest ~rviu.) k'lnwr, l 989-90 Box 365 Taylorville, lL 62568 2179 Meyer Place John Holt's Book and Music Siorc 2269 Massachuseus Ave. dcvelopma11 or vcrucal files on homc.schoolmg. Cambridge, MA 02140 lnrorma tlonal Book1 Educational Spccuums/ JltNnlSdtool RtDtkr Bluestocking Press Box 1014 (Dept. AF2) by Mad: and Helen Hegener Ttaclt Yowr Own by John Holl Pliurvillc. CA 95667 �-If! 1' SUI., J11,,t'J1, Sf (If/ ye fl1•f -nt•i/e ~ ff, , -Ae" ·Ceremony / 6it1 rP'U -Aeor ,,,, e.t /1t fo r~11r 11'1/t(f ( ~I J Ct1'>Ht. c'"'J'"' ye, I httf /.rL 1v?Ake 1~~ pt1fh $wt"o'/I, tf,.f ii fhe br~w 'J' ffte f 'r jf , 1 ff! f: M~Js, CJ,"Js, ~,>t, y;,,.Jf fJ/ f' lf,.f 111 ftt. I /;/II rtsf "'",...;-...,I /h'/o 1""" >tt/J$f 1ft4J e '14W '4/e.. On f ye, I iyl"re,,. Sf,lf 11 /11'1v1 Cini 4 ir Q 11J4~t Ifs?"#, Sht~"1, tf,.f if '114 r,4d '! ifte hnnJ "/ /(,e se<n.J hill ~! ~t Jf lls Valle~s, 1?.ivtrf, L~s, 1 7fe,~, C/r4'~eJ; 1df r of 7'e f4rft. e / /,/&/ r,#11 ftear n.e ! /hfo 'f""4r m//{ff ~o au..~ ti '1e~ /,(~ Ohse,,f '/'' I iH>tff.,rc.. "WJii<~ ii~ /'"'It, SmooH,1 f/,o/ if Jn'!J read -/4t br~w 1 /f,e tJ,1 hi// rJ tk Omalia 1"£an prayer Urtmtm!J introtfucine a new6orn dsi!tf to tk natural worUf. Ofun, in cqnttmporory cultuns, tk new5orn is fo~ introtfuutl w tk fiuman cOtlflflunity and to tk tfiviru orrftr··out not spu.ifially to tk natwTJl ul0rl4. !Here in tliis urem.ong, tk naturof wo& is atftfresstd rllrectly in anrwuntin9 tk arrival of tk diilrl into tk mUfst of tk wfwfe Lift community. 'Ifijs is Illustration by James Rhea .t, ' == ........ Q .,,,. ��Mother Earth The Natural Classroom Early one morning, I sat outside with my dnughtcr reading a children's ~tory .. h "'as a story dealing with bircb, habitat, animal adaptations. predators, and camoullag_c. In the middle of the story. we nouccd the 11n1est bare! dan under the eaves of our garage. How did ii get lhrough? It :.queaked underneath such a small space. !low hard to believe. More careful observation ~howed uo; there was indeed a hidden nest. We could h.'lrcly see the bits of l\\igs showing through. What a pcrf.:ct accompanimem far the story we were reading. It was one of those wonderful examples of ~ynchronici ty. One 1.hat Nature is so famous for, if only v.c arc patient and obscrvan1 CnOUl!h . ~ If only classroom tC.'lching could h:ivc more moments like that in science or environmental studies. In my teaching experience, I have noticed how attuned to nature students become when they arc allowed. More often than not, experiences like that arc reserved for "field trips," and those occur too . infrequently. We are usually forced to bnng natural science inside the classroom rather than r.ake the students directly to the Eanh. Twenty years ago, when l first read Si/enc Spring, 1 was amazed nt how we were S? closely intenwined to the Eanh. Why didn't we pay nuention back when it was written? Couldn't we have avoided many of our recent environmental pitfalls? Now, as we enter the L990's, having had some very harrowing cnvironmenrol disasters, it is clear that schools can no longer ignore the imponance of teaching and providing hands-on experiential cnvironmenlal programs. Leaming has to extend beyond the boundaries of the classroom. For the past three years, I have been involved with the Nonh Carolina Adopt-A-Stream Program which is part of lhe National Save Our Streams Program. The Strcam Program activities are primarily bands-on, very environmentally conscious lessons. Since our school is a five-minute walk from a stream, we are able to rcgulnrly take advantage of the opportunity to visit the stream. The children considered the activities wonhwhile and fun - and could see that they were making a difference. The program integrated well into our second and third grade cwriculum by including science, social studies, languuage ans. creativity, and problem-solving skills. In order to allow children to realize what a unique and precious place our Eanh is and to understand their participation in it, we need to step outside of our classrooms. Mother Eanh can teach us about our home, but we need to make provisions for being th.ere in direct contact with her. Students need to be outdoors · observing, listening, sensing - when Mother Eanh shares her synchronistic lessons with us. Second grade .mlllem Quinn \Vardin andpre-kindergarrner Anna Srein cleaning a srream ne.ar rhe_r 1 scltool on Clean Streams Day, 1988. Photo by Tun Reid Biodegradable Diapers: Not What They Say They Are! It sounds like a dream come true disposable diapers that are environmentally ~fe. "Degradable is a wann and fuzzy word, hke organic and natural," said R.A. Denison, a senior scientist at the Environmental Defcnst: Fund. Unfonunately, "These plasucs are being sold as a way to reduce waste and that is a hoax," says Jeanne Wirka of the Environmental Action Foundation. A truly degradable material breaks down into basic constituents like water and carbon dioxide through natural pr~esses. The n~w diapers do indeed break down 1mo...smaller b11s of plastic. But in the dry, oxygen·~tarved environment of modem landfills, they might not break down much at all. "Li11lc is known about what happens during and after the degradation process to chemical additives, toxic heavy metals. and other plastic ingredients," said Ann Beaudry in an anicle in Motlutring Magazine. And "even the eventual breakdown inr.o small pieces of plastic offers no solution to the landfill capacity crises because the breakdown of throwaway diapers, disposable or biodegradable, take up just as much room in the landfill as the original." Large amounts of human waste arc also - Susan Schneider Gries~!# deposited in the landfills possibily b!'Ceding virulent strains of pathogens such as poho virus fr' Suggested Rtadint: which may find 1.heir wny to underground water SltariJtg Nt111Ut with Children by Joseph Bh3tat Cornell sources. Toxic chemicals also follow the snme Keepers oftlu! Earth by M. Caduto route to the water sources. Streamwalkingfor Kids by Gwen D1ehn and Susan There has been a large eco-marketing Gricsmaict (NC Stn:am Watch Program, 1988) campaign for single-use "biodegradable diapers" C!IMtcling people ONl nlJIJVt, Lesson plans. (Great targeted at natural food stores and environmental Smoley Mll\S. !nstirute at Tremont, Gre:u Smoky catalogs, aimed at reaching environmentally MlnS. National Park. Townsend, 1N 37882) conscious parents. Xl••Unh 7ournnt PIUJ'- 111 For four and a half years our family has "recycled" cloth diapers in the wnshing machine. You can use 1.hem from one child to the next, tum them into rags when they're worn out, and let them truly biodegrade when they're no longer usable. Of course cotton production often uses pesticides, but there is little comparison betw~n that and the daily disposal of 5 to 15 plasuc yes, PLASTIC! · diapers. Most kids are in diapers for 2-3 years. The cost comparison is nbout $84 per month for disposables, $26 per month for clor.h through a diaper service, or a one time cost of about $50 for a few dozen cloth diapers if you buy and wash your own. "Each family that chooses natura l, recyclable conon diapers for their child prevents I ton of waste from entering the solid waste stream each year," wrote Benudry. I hope this makes you reconsider whether f you want to buy into this fal~e dream o_ the disposable diapers or the reality of creaung a healthy environment . Let's stop trying to take the easy way out. For more resources and infonnarion on how and why to use cloth diapers, feel free to call me at the Traditional Binh and .Natural Family Health Colleccive; 36 l Sterling St.; Atlanta GA 30302 (404) 880-9172. ' - Aviva Jill Romm "Doubts are Voices on Dcgracbblc Ptasuc: W3SJ.c." NY Tim(S, 10/25~9 "B1odcgr11dablc Diapers: A Pseudo Soluuon." Ann E. Beaudry. Molhtring Magam1t, Fall. 1989 • "The Ethics or Diapering," R.W. Hollis, Motltering MaglWM. Fall, 1989 ~ Wi.nt..er , 1989- 90 �RESOURCES Tips for Gardening with Children Parenting from Tom You11gblood-Pe1erse11 .\lo1huU1J: \lag;vmc P.O. Bo~ lo'IO; Santc Fe. NM 87'>0-l Start i.mall - a 6' x 10' garden can be a perfect · size for a liule one. N11n1inng Tf>d.1~ 187 Cao;clh Ave.: San Fmnc1S1:0, C,\ Q-l 11-l Have fun! I put this toward the top of the list because remember, beauty b in the c:yc of the beholdl.'r. This means no garden is perfect, and it's as much the proceH as ii is the results, for children. Education /'h(' C)t 11/The Chtld., Rulh \fueller (!'le" Soc1c1y Publishers) The best garden layout is narrow beds - no more lhan three feet wide so the children can work from the edges - and wide paths that can fit two willing and eager workers. Ch1ldhodd- l lu. l\'aldorf Pc·r.1{1('Cli>-c, by ~ancy Aldri.h R1. ::?. Bo~ :!675; We>.iford, VT 05-19-l Grc:en J~ic/Jcr c/o Tim Grant: 95 Robcn Succt; Toronto, Onwrio M5S 2K5, Canuda What to plam? Whatever the children like toe.at and nibble. lf that list 1s shon, you can supplcmem wtth vegetables and flowers 1ha1 are especially fun to grow. Like cherry tomatoes, sunflowers, ever-bearing srrawbcrries and nastuniums. All of 1hese can be nibbled fresh ..... tmmedia1e gratification is one of the easiest ways to keep children interested in the garden. National Dirtctory of Alttrnative SchocfJ, National Coahuon of Al1crnauve Community Schooh R.D. I. Bo~ 378: Glcnmoorc. Pa. 193-l 3 1lorne ~1wn Magaw11: P.O.Box IOIB: Tona.tj{e\, WA 98855 \1t:rlyn s Pt!n P.0.Box 1058: Ea~t Greenwich, RI 02818 Skipping Stones 80574 H:11.c1ton Road: Coungc Grove. OR 97424 Our Fwur<' al Stake: A lunugtr's Gwck 10 Stopping the Nuclear Arntf Rare, Melinda Moore & Laurie Ol'i<:n, ti tJ/ , (New Soe1e1y Puhfohcrs) l.111/e Fritnds for Pt!aa 4405 29th Street; Ml. R.1n1cr, MD 20712 Kid'IArt Nt!WS P.O.Box 27-l: Mt.Sh:lsm CA 96067 Nauonal Home School Assocwuon P.O.Box 167; Rodeo, NM 88056 American Montcsson Sococty ISO Sib Ave.: New York, NY 10011 Waldorf lnstilutc 260 Hungry Hollow Road Spring Valley, NY 109n Stop War Toys Campaign C/o Wur Re''-'lCrs' Lcaguc - NE Box 1093: Norv.•11:h. CT 06360 Who's Calling tilt Sho1.1: /lo" to Re~nd £f/wn·tly 10 Children's Fascina11on Kllh Illar Play and War toys by N311ey Crls.<oon-Pa1ge and Diane Levin (New Society Publishers) Stopping Abuse Nallonal Child Abuse HOl Linc, l-800-4AC-HILD National Association for I.he Educ111ion or Young Children 1834 Connccticul Ave. NW Wa~ing1on, D.C. 20009 Children's Defense Fund 122 C St NW; Wa.'>hingion. DC 20001 The Nalionnl Association for Mediation 1n Educauon 425 Amity St.; Amhcrs1, MA 01002 Child Welfare League of Amcnca 440 First SL NW (Suue J 10) Washington. DC 20001 Nnlional Coaliuon or Altcrnouvc Community Schoch 58 Schoolhouse Rd.: Summertown, Tn. 38483 End Violence Agamst lhe Next Gcncruuon, Inc. 977 Kcclc1 Ave.; Berkeley. CA 94708 Changing Schools Teacher; College 918 Ball Struc l.inivcrsity Mu11cie, IN 47306 ramily Violence Research Program Family Rc=h UiboralOry Univcr~11y of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824-3586 Peace and No n-viole11ce An OutbrC'alc of fi:aci:. Sarah P1nlc. A "fanual on Nonv1oltnci: and Childrtn. compiled ancJ edited by SitphanicJudson (New Society Publishers) ,,li..n t.er, 1989-90 Kidsrights 3700 Progi:c~ Blvd.: Mount Dora. FL 32757 N3UOnal Chtld's RighlS Alliance P.O.Box 17005; Durham, NC 2no5 National Commiu.ce for the Prevention or Child Abuse 332 S. Michigan Ave.; Chicago, 0. 6060 Get real 1ools. (small ones), not toys for your children. No matter how young, don'1 waste your money on flimsy plastic 100ls in toy stores. Purchase smaller-sized good quali1y tools for $4-$5.00 from hardware or garden shops. Have the children wear old clothes and shoes. I telp the child clean and put away all tools when finished. Again, HAVE FUN! Tom Youngblood-Perersen ls director of the MAGIC Commu11iry Garden programs in A!iheville. NC. fie and his wife Berh eat 11aswriw11 buds in their own garden with their five year-old so11, Evan, and plan to imroduce the1r newbofll. Campbell, w rhe fun of it, as well Childre11's Media Four Arguments for tht Elimination of Television by Jerry Mander Action fat Children's Television 20 Unh·ersity Rd.; Cambridge, MA 02138 Council on lnitrracilll Books for Childn:n 1841 Bro:idway; New York, NY 10023 Lollipop 'PoWCJ Press 30S £.Chapel Hill St.; Durllam. NC 2no1 Much of I.he information for these resoiuces came from: lloliftic Educa1ion Rt!'oli<"W, P.O.Box 1476; Greenfield, MA 01302 'Ifuml;s to X/n.!JO'l 'Xlfl9for fufp in cmnpili119 tfiis resourus listintJ. / X4ti4ah ) o'4rnat palJtl 19 �HOSTAGEPANTHERTOWN FREED ACTION FOR BEARS BRINGS RESULTS Nlllrll World News Savice Nlllrll Worid News Service With the aid of the Nature Conservancy and national politicians, negotialions for a major hostage release wcre compleled Monday, No~cmber 27 when 6.295 acres of the Panlhcnown Valley in the headwaters of lhe Tuclcascgcc River WllletShcd were tnWfcrrcd IO the US Forest Scrvke. The valley has been the sub.)CCt of controversy since 1988 when Duke Power Company bought Ille l.r1ICt as part ol ilS land acquisition program for a high-voltage 11811Smission line IO go lhrough the hcan of Transylvania and Jackson counties In North Carolina. Much opposition IO the pawer line cenicrcd lllOWld lhc idea of "Save Panlhcnown Valley." Oulte bought the propeny suddenly in 1988. Ownership of the whole property was a powerful negotiation IOOI 10 help Duke secure 11S preferred route for the power line. Once the route was established. selling the propcsty to the Nature Conservancy was easy for the ginnl energy corporauon, as 11 only required an 800 acre comer of the land for the tmnsm ission line right-of-way. The sale softened some opposition 10 the power line, which 11"ill cause ml1JOT habi1a1 disruption along its route and spur damaging development in its service area, nnd gave Duke ihe appearance of being syrnpnthetic IO cnvironmcnial issues. However, Panlhcnown is a unique and scenic area and home IO several rare plant species. IL~ future appcnrs 10 be much more secure. The Forest Service will temporarily manage the land under a 4-C land management classification, which restricts use 10 non-motonzod recrcauon and favOlli black bear habil31, and promised IO preserve its 'ICCnic beauty and unique geological and biological features. The publrc attention the valley has received will most likely be a strong guarantee for lhn1 promise. A demonstration on behalf of black beats cag on the Cherokee lndioo Reservation for tourist auraction bas apparently brought results. The September demonst.ration, led by PETA (People for the Ethic Treatment of Animals) and allCnded by 100 maJChers including many Crom the rcserva1ion, wallccd from Oconoluf1ce Visitors' Center 1n the Great Smok Mountains National Park to the infamous Saunooke' Bear Land, cited as providing some of the wors conditions for animals among CAhibits tn this country. Chief Ed Taylor mcl the group and told them no ID meddle with internal affairs on the reservnlioo and go home. The response to this was a chorus of shou IS "We are home!" from many of the dcmonsi.nuors wh were residents of the reservation. The Chief then told lh group ihat Indians were tired of outsiders telling the what lO do, app:ircruly forgetting lhal. the exhibit owners on whose behalf he was speaking were all while pcopl who hnd leased space on the rcscrvntion IO cash in on lhe summer tourist now. Muuenng, Taylor then got into hi car and retired from lhc scc.ne. But Taylor was affected by the dcmon~tration. The following month he brought a resolution into th Tribal Council thnt wou Id hnve required that bears kept in "natural habitat areas" on penalty of SI ,000 fo ''iolallon. The Council. however, replaced this rcsolu tio with one that said the caging o( bears 1s "presenting problem• and nuthorized the Council 10 invcs1ig:ue th pol>~ibility of the habitat area. BENTON MacKA YE TRAIL After nine years 3 dedicated group of volunteers has comptcu:d a 78.5 mile hiking trail from Springer Mountain, Georgia Lo the COhuua Wilderness Arca on the Tcnncs.'iCC "lllle hnc. The hiking p:ith is called the Benton MacKaye Trail after ihe founder of the Appalachum Trail system. Pans of the trail follow an early fll3n for the Aflll3l3chian Trail. which was later ch311ged IO ilS prcscn1 route. The remarkable aspect of the Benton MacKaye Troll is that it was constructed entirely by voluntcc~. who have worlccd steadily over a nine-year period to complete the uaJI through the Goorgia mounuuns. Much work still needs Lo be done 10 bring the path 10 11s proposed termination po101 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, but trail votun1cers were jubilant to have completed lhc first ~uge of the route. Officials of the Southern Region of the US Forest Service agreed early rn the llllil's hisiory Ihm they would back the propo:;ed route if the Georglll segment were completed. A Tennc.'iSCC chapter of the trail volunlecrli has been formed IO extend ihc trail nonhwan:t through the Unicoi MounUlill.\ IO reach the Smokies. • scurce: article by John llarmon (n 1hr Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 14. 1989. FOREST PLAN REMANDED Narlnl World News Service The Chief of the US Forest Service, Date Robenson, on September 28, 1989 sent back the bclcllgucrcd Land and Resource f\.lanngemem Plan for the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests, saying in panicular Ihm the plan places too much emphasis oo clC31CuWng as the method of choice for lumbenng and 3Jso allows projected umber sates that would fail 10 recover their CO~ts. While not spcc1ficnlly outlawing clcarcutting or any limits on its use. Robcn.o;on dircctcd the N-P National Forest staffs 10 research altcmauvcs w the clcarcutting technique and to be more nex1b!e m their thoi~ of logging methods. His denial Ytllidatcd yc:ITS of work by conscrvation groups, parucul:irly the Western North Carolina Allianc~. to convince the Forest Service to stop 1ts smgle-minded reliance on the clcarcuumg ux:hnique. The Chiefs directive also said the rorcst rtan did not adequately JUstify proposed timber sales Lha1 would have resulted in the loss of additional tax money IO subsidi1.e clcarcuts in the Southern Appalachians. In 1987 the Nantahala·Pisgah National Forests lost a total of S2.5 million in bclow-<:ost limber sales. (l1lc For~l Service accounung procedure was changed in 1988 lO make it more d1fficull 10 dctcnmnc the economic swtus of timber SJlcs 1n indl\·1duat rorc.sts. hut 11 Is csumated that tosses held steady or rose slightly in that year.) A rccelll study author11cd by the Forest Service, Tiie Southern Appalachian Timber Study. documented a decade-long price drop in hardwood lumber in the Southern Appalachians. Robcnson's memo duected the Nauonnl Forests ndm11ustrauve siaffs to incorporate these more recent figures m their review of timber ~les policies and umber qUOlaS. Chief Robertson's remand order showed most clearly the political nature of the US Forest Service. for the issues of clcarcutung and below~t salcs that he dealt with in his administrative order were drawing much negauve publicity IO the agency. However, the Chief, white urging caution in the construction of fore.~ roads, did noc suggest any specific changes in road pohc1e.s in the N3ntahala-Pisgah Na11onal Forc.,ts. Alw, white he called for specific plans 10 provide hab11111 for 12 threatened and cnd:lngercd ~pccics, he did not cnll for a forests-wide roadlcss areas survey IO determine the noed for wildcmcss areas and undisturbed habnat. as called ror m particular by the rcgion:ll office of ihe Wilderness Society. Thc.sc 1s~~ arc as 1mponan1 as lhc clcarcumng issue. but 11 ~med th31 ihcy were neglected m ihe Chiefs repon because they had not aroused a vociferous public outcry ag111ns1 the For~t Service as h3d the umber policies. The message is clear; 10 bring chnnge to the nauonal forests, stir 11 up. ~uing II WE BRING GOOEY THINGS TOLIFE II Narunl World Ne"'• Service South of Hendersonville Nonh Carolina, in th below the East Flat Rock comm unit where some I 50 peorle draw their drinking water concentration~ of a canccr·causing mduslnal solvcn exceed the siatc stnndard by at least 3.500 times The General Electric lrghting fixtW'Cl> productio plant in lfcndcr,on County has ~ixu:cn undergroun Storage t.anks, two waste water trcaunent ponds, and sludge 1mpoundmcn1 on land owned by the plant. Tw landfills. a recently reported le:tlcing drain pipe, and 1983 chemical spill arc all contribuung factors to lh !isling of this s11c by the Nonh Carolina Clean Wate Fund as one of the 22 WOrsl groundwntcr contaminatio site.~ in Nonh Carolina. The Fund has also C!\llmaled ihat 35,000 peopt in lhe stale arc drinking water w11h some degree 0 contamination. Nonh Carolina has the c;ccond highcs number of household wells in the United States (822,000) as there is a ready supply of gruund water SOlllil of which is working 115 way to the sea from lh~ mountains of the Katuah region. It appears iha1 we Ill' playmg a dcm11I game of "chemical do-or-dare" wnh untamtcd war.er, esscnunl to our health and lhnt of lhc groundwntc~ b~hcre. A~ one of the "toxic 22" shes of sever contamination in Nonh Carohnn, General Elcctri contmucs to release poisons inio the underground wnters which participate in lhe cyd1c now of water through Lhc E:uth. It tna)· seem like these chemical ·sotu11ons' are gone from 'sne', yet when they rc.•wface will G.E. really be bnnging good things 10 life? . To register comments concerning G.E.'s you can ca.II the G.E. coMumer products IOll·frcc number 1-800-626-2000. praeucc~. �PICKENS DISTRICT FOREST WATCH Nanni World News 5cr'1ice WHAT'S H.A.A.P.-ENING?? Narural World News ELA (Ecological Living Ahemativcs), a broad· based eco-forum rccenlly ronned in East Tcnncs.'ICC, is addressing some local problems lhal threaten the Holston River 00..tjn and area rcsidcncs' heallh. One of the group·~ firs1 ac1ions was an 1nformnuonal demonslra1ion to promoic press coverage of an upcoming pubhc bearing concerning a permit rc-issunl for the was1e-wa1er 1tCalmen1 facility or 1he Hols1on Army Ammuniuoo Plani (H.A.A.P.). located in Hawkins and Sullivan counties. The plan1. managed by Easunan Kodak, manufactures RDX, Composiqon B, HMX, HMX·TNT, RDX-Plaslicv.cr and other spe(:1fteally ordered exple>sive compounds used m the U.S. and sold on the in1cmational weapons markc1. The action consis1ed or 15 ELA members cxh1b111ng signs reading "National Dcfen~ al Whose Expcn~?" and "Don'1 You Wish You Could Ea1 The Fish?" as well as posters promoung the lime and d:llc or Ille publt<: hearing. Mcmbcts handed OUl lcallclS to employees ond mo1ori~1S pa~smg through I.he busy faciory inu:rsccuon. !\.lost hearings m Ille o.rca receive small aucnd:ulCe and liU!e or no public eommenL However. the heanng. held Nov. 30. auracicd approx1ma1ely 30 people, indicating the success of the group's action. Al the beanng, comments were scheduled 10 be limi1cd to subject maucr rclevan1 lO NPDES Permit #TN0003671 only, relating specifically to water polluuon control guidelines. Activ1s1S speaking, though, insisted on citing several problems at the plant which contribuLC 10 water pollution. even though they were not included 1n the pcnniL Among these problems is a huardous waste landfill at the plant that has recently been re1llrflCd to service. ft is feared that leaching from this area. as well as other runoff from the 5800 acre plant, could cause additional accumulauons of 1oxins in the river. Among the elcmenis seeping from the munilion~ plant are vinyl chloride, chromium, cyanide and nickel. Some IOxins Ind heavy metals occur m the daily discharge crtlucn1 in amounts grca1er than one pound per day; some occur in ci1cess of 10 and 15 pounds per day. All discharge goes inlO the HolslOn River which must absorb other wastes as well. Eastman Kodak's PET plastic factory lie.:; just a rew miles upstream. On Nov. 15 Easunan cxpcnenced a "typical" spill loosing 36,000 pound., or acetic acid in10 the Holston. These accumulations, as well as ogncuhural run-off, together contaminate the river which is the source or lite Ci1y of Morrisiown's drinking waLCr supply. 1f you would hke IO register comments on Ibis and other problems concerning water pollu11on in Tennessee, wri1e to: TN Dept. or Heallh and Environment (Div. or Water Pollution Conttol); 150 9th Ave. North: Nashville, TN 37219, or call (615) 741-7883. If you would like IO know more about ELA and upcoming activiues, write to: ELA; P.O. Box 851; Jonesborough, 1N 37659. k'i.nur, 1989-90 1 1l '.' While the "Up State" may be viewed as ju~t a smllll comer or South Carolina. it holds a promineni place along 1he cas1.em cscnrpment of the Soulhcm Appl3chain Mountain Range. It is 31so home 10 a growing number or bioreg1onal folks actively involved'" the "public input" process of the Sumter National Forest's Andrew Pickens Dislnct. South Carolina Forest Wa1ch is presently appealing two comparunen1 plans in the Chauga River watershed. 1xlscd on the lack of a prcharvcst "hydrologic survey•. which would have addressed the prot.cCtion or two brook trout sucams and the conversion or the forest IO a pine plantation. Additionally. the planned umber cut was based on a study conducted in the piedmont and not on steep mountain slopes. "Those who arc only good with hammers sec every problem as a ruul." Quoting Abraham Maslow. Forest Wruch ttca..~urcr Richard Cam eqilamed that the 1985 Long Range Pinn for the district reveals a narrow· minded approach to muluplc use. "The Plan relics heavily on the conversion or milled hardwood and pine forests to pllllltations or hybrid pines plan1ed on ten by ten foot spacm~ Wildlife received very llUle auenuoo .• "In order 1ha1 we might co1ribu1e to the re-educa11ng of the Fores1 SCfVicc, we've done a 101 or Sllldy on our own. Aside lrom our meetings with the USFS and private timber interests. our bimonthly mce1ings host a variety or speakers and lcanung experiences. We also manage 10 gel out and cruise management companrnenL~ in the Picltcns Oistr1c1." For more information on the South Carolina Forest Watch, wntc: P. 0. Box 657 we.,tmmstcr, South Carolina 29693 CLEARCUTTING HAS ABAD DAY Natural World News S..,.jc., Research findings reported at a US Forest Service-sponsored work.shop in September di.o;putcd the notion that clcarc:utling provides crucial forage for cen.ain species of wildlife. The audience at the "Wildlife Considerations in lmplemcnung the Land and ReSOUtce Managemcn1 Plan" mccung was addlCsscd by =hers from various soulhcastcm universities. Recent work Bl the Univen1ty or Georgia has shown that deer appear IO be very adaptable 10 a wide variety or forest types. Contrary to popular belief, deer depend less on the type of browse found in clcarculS than they do on a variety of hard mast (acorns and nuts) provided l'y mature forests. Turkey research 11 Clemson h:l.s also revealed tha.l 1urkeys make liulc use or clcarcuts, needing a variety or hard and soft mast. Similarly, Univcrsi1y of Tenncsscc reseateh ha~ shown that bears make very ligh1 and seasonal use of forage in clcan:uts. depending more heavily on a good selection or hard mast. Furthermore. the roads as.<;0eiBICd with logging have proven IO have a severe impact on bear populatlon.s. Bears have been found to use rough woods roads and skid lnlib as they LrBvel in scarth or forage, but they avoid ~ystcm roads, whether open or closed to vehicle traffic. Thus, roads affect bear populations by effectively reducing Ille size of their range. as well as by providing easier access for hunLCr.> and poachers. Representatives from the NC Wildlife Commission also spoke and indicated their concern nbouc the effect of the Forest Servicc·s !'03d·building and harvc.qing practices on wildlife population<. THE CASE OF THE DISAPPEARING TRJTIUM Natural World News SetVice The US Dcparuncnt of Energy (DOE) has again suspended 311 commcrciai ~hipmcnts of 1ritium. the radioacti"e ~ used in nuclear wlll1lc::lds, after significant quantities of it turned up missing. Tritium is used in biological and energy research and in making luminous lights, signs. dials and w:u.ches as weU es being used to increase the power or nuclear warllcads. The halt in tritium shipments was 111nounccd in July or 1989 after an inconclusive search for: five grams or the element that laboraiory records said had been shipped to commercial customers. bu1 which buyers said had never arrived. ln August. the DOE said it would resume mosi shipmcnis after bilS or the missing malerial were found. The dcpartmcnt discounlcd the likclihood or theft at that time. Only a few special shipmenis have been made since then. An in1emal lab rcpon said d~pancies in the shipping records d:lted at least IO 1985. In some cases. customers reportC<I they h3d received 40 percent ~ tritium lhan they had paid for. A copy or the confidential July 20 report and rclalcd Oak Ridge documcnis were obtained through a legally enforceable request under the Freedom of Information Act. lnvesLigators for Martin Marien.a Energy Systems, wtuch nms opcr311on:; at the Oalt Ridge nuclear complex, said in the report that a significan1 amount of 1r11ium had been losL m a lest shipment bc1 ween buildings. It appeared lhat Ille I~~ amounted to abou1 two grams. approxima1ely half thc amoun1 used in a smglc aiomic warhead. According 10 the conliden1ial rcpon, workers loaded the Lriuum into a container, which was sent to another bu1ldmg. There pan of the contents of the coniamer was unloaded for sampling, then repacked and scn1 back 10 11.s ong1nal locauon. Thrcc-qW111CrS of the tritium was lost in that round trip. Leakage and procedural jXUblcms wcte ruled OUL Reprcscniative Edward J. Markey (0) or M3ss3chusctts swd, "You have IO \l/Olldct what kind of Keystone KOJl!I operntion the Dcpanment or Energy ha!. down at O:ik Ridge. when they lose more than 22,000 cunes or tntium in a I.Cl;! designed IO find out why DOE keeps on losing l.nlClt or tritium." DON'T CROSS DA GREAT PUMPKIN Nuunl WorldNcwsSavlcc The WCSICnl North Carolina Alliance undcrsoc:ml lhe gTOUp's opposjuon to wide.~ead clcarcu1ting in the na1ional forests by staging a Halloween day dcmonsLretion in front or the US Forest Service headquaners m Asheville. The action specifically protested a proposed clearcut near thc popular Craggy Gardens area on thc Blue Ridge Parkway. The clcen:ut would be in full view or tourisis at the visitor cerucr. "Even the Great Pumpkin says, 'Don"1 cu1 Craggy.'" rc3d a sign held by young David Gilmour of the group. The Alliance noted that lhis panicular cut. which would be 12 acres in $tlC and less than a mile away from the visitor center, is especially mappropriatc. (Other acuvists were of the opinion. however, that the Forest Service should be required 10 do oil their clearcutting within sight of major IOW'i.\t auractions.) As a result or the aucntion the Craggy clearcut has received, the Forest Service is re-evaluating the !ituauon. lrutcad of allowing the ll'BCt IO be clearcut, the agency may n:quuc selective culling. which would lca.-e ~ or the trccs standing • or 11 may spare the enure 12 11CrtS. The decision is yet 10 be announced. JC.at~ , l Jo\&rnaL p1i9t1 21 ... ' �Natural World News SPE C IAL REPOR T ALARKA CREEK CONTROVERSY by David Wheeler The headwaters of Alarka Creek rise high on the Cowee Ridge, where !he North Carolina counllc.~ or Swain, Jackson, and Macon comer. The creek\ origins are on !he Alarka Laurel properly, l1lOtC than 2,000 :icre.~ of IJlnt.I which includes 35 :icre.~ of a unique red spruce-bog association. The creek runs lhrough 2,000 acres or watershed uninhabited by human bemgs, along !he way wmbting over the Alarka Falls. once a place for fasting and p111ying held sacred by lhc native Chcrokcc people. Until 11 reaches the Alarb Community in Swam County. lhe wate.rs of lhc croelc are clear and support a nallll'lllly-reproducing populntion or brook IJ'Oul However, Alarka Creek is in clanger. The Alarlc.:J LaW'Cl propcny, owned as an invcStmcnt by a panner.;hip or land speculators, has been on the market for years. Only now is a developer showing <iome interest in the acreage. The identity of the developer is a catefully-kcpl ~ret. but it is known lh:lt plans for the Almb Laurel propcny include a golf course and a luxury resort. At the request of William Mcl.amey, an aqu:ttic biologist living in Macoo County, biologists from the NC Dcpruuneru of Envuoruncntal Management {DEM) visited Al:uka Crcd: and ~led the wnu:r.;. Biological and chemical tcsL:i confirmed that lhe wntershcd met the stringent standards for qualirica1ion as a state "OulSlanding Resource Water• (ORW). Streams 11ut 11\CCI ORV/ standards arc lamentably very few. and. clearly, Alarka Crock is an lllca worlhy of protection. But omcu1J efforts 10 preserve Alarka Creek have run Into an ob!<lllCle. There is still resentment in Swain County towards the insensitive acuons or big government, which m the mid-1940\ condemned !;ind in Swain, OSl.CllSibly for the citpans1on of !he Great Smoky Mountains Nauonal Part, but which in ac1U3!11y lumcd OUI IO be largely for lhe bencn1 of lhc Tcnnc.'--« Valley Authority for lhc creation of Fontana Lake. The focus for 1hc ire of 1his generation of Swam County citi7.cns is a promise made by the govemmcm i.ll the time of the land acquis1tOl1$ for a road that would p;is~ on the north side of 1hc lake. now within lhc Park boundaries. That promi~ was never fulfilled, althoogh lhc infamous North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms ha, blocked a bill lhal would have finanC13lly compcnsalcd the cow11y. The uprc_o;s1on for 1h1s anger 1s a group called "Citizens Against Wildemc.~~: which ha.~ a siorcrrom office in Bryson Ci1y. lhc Swam county _,eat. The group owes 1l1 existence and probably much of 1L~ crroc11vcncss to the slrollg wppon of Senator Helms Alway' on the lookout ror a political situation IO man1pulau: 10 has own advantage. Helms took the "Ci111.cn~ Against Waldcmc.s" under his ••mg and has fanned 1hc fires of their rcscntmcnL The group's baule-<:ry 1s; "We are ltvmg poorly because 85% of our county 1s under federal control." Abrka Creek lw been caughl rn the whirlwind This ,.."a$ clc;arly revealed when a reprcscmauvc from the Trust for Pubhc Land journeyed up tO lhe mountains to look at the an:a at William Mcl..amcy's !QQUCSL "He thought he was coming up to look at <1 pn:Uy creek with a waterfall," said Mclarney. "Bui when he 51,.. the area. he said. ilus )!)ould be a national priority fo •ur organi1.ation!' When he communicated h1~ lin1' "I'' IO the nntional office. they agreed w1lh hi$ II.\ <r.lcnt and gave cooseru 10 the project Bui to make a lnJnsfcr, they needed sponsorship from some appropriau: n:itional political figure. such as a senator or a congressional reprcscn1J11Jve but none was to be found. The reason: Jesse Helms. So efforts by the Trust for Public Land to help A!arlca Creek have been stalled: The Alarb Creek issue came to a head when lhe DEM held a public hearing on lhe ORW classification 111 the Bryson City courthouse on the evening or November 2. 1989. The district couruoom was p3Ckod. Over 250 people aucndcd the hearing, mos1 of 1hem on short notice, because the public announccmcn1 or the mceung h:id nol been published in the county newspaper until the week before the hearing dale. Mosl of lhe speakers present were from Swam County, and m~l expressed strong opposition to an ORW classilicauon for Alnrka Creek. Regnrdless of the ickology behind 11. local power is a fonnidablc force and noc to be underestimated. The proposed development on Cowee Ridge seemed to be synonymous with economic pro~rity m lhe mind.~ or most or those who spoke agams1 the ORW classific:iuon. Several dccned the opinions of "oul'idc~· from ncighbonng M:lcon and Jackson counties when they spoke in support or prou:cuon for Alarka. "You're JUst saying that because !'.iacon alre.ady ha.' six malls." called a woman from !he audience at one poim. "!l's very ironic." eommcnlCd William Mct..amcy. "They were calling people who laved 20 miles away 'outsiders.' while a California developer who ha..,n't even revealed his name 11nd was rcprescnicd only by 1wo Georgi.i lawyClS is considered one of lhcir own. "PCISOllally. I would l\OI favor any ~lution to the ultimaic fate of the Big Laurel lh:11 would lock Swain County people out. and a big development would do lh;al more effoctivcly than nnything else anyone could do. The kind or people who would frequent that place don't want locals around Swain County rcsidcnis couldn't afford to buy a membership. and even If they were w gc1 m !here, they wouldn'l find whnt they were lookmg for . 1 don't think any or lhc.<;c people play golf. "There would be short·lerm jobs building lhe resort complex and a few permanent JObs taking care or !he buildings and lhe grounds. Bul by all acounLs 1he m3m access rood is more than likely going LO go down !he Macon County side of the mounuun. Until 1t reaches the Alarka Community. the road into Swnin Cou.nly is cxuaort.11nari!y ~lcep. A four-wheel drive vehicle can make ll prcuy casily...whcn lhc roat.l's dry . However, 11 would be a tremendous JOb to put a first-<:lass. paved highway in lhcn: th:11 would be comrorublc anti snfc ror expensive car;. ·1 feel SltOngly that lhe economic benefits ror Swain Counly are being grcally exnggemte.d. Swain Coumy would receive an addition to their tax base and a few minimum wage jobs, bul lhen lhey would also gel all the run-off and all the golf course pcsuc1dcs, and lhe county would have a 101 of add1t1onal costs for ma.inu:nance and county service.~. • Anolher element of irony 1s lhal dcvclopmcnlS arc rrcqucnlly ralionnlizcd wi1h lhe argumeni lhat property values arc going to go up (which in lhis cnse I am sure 1s true), as if that were a good thing. For a l'C311or or person who has a piece or property and is interested in selling ii, a rise in property value.~ is a good lhmg. Bui for an)•onc else who is Uying 10 hold property or 1s m the market to buy property. a rise m costs is an unwelcome development These people may not be able to alTord to buy land or may lose propeny they already own v.hen the land values go up. The grca1 majority or people from Swnin who spoke up in favor of development arc acwally ca.~ing themselves out the door by calhng for big monc) IO move mto thcll'county." The hcanng in Bryson City did not tell the whole story. When they heard of the Alarka Creek dilemma. other local people, largely from Jackson and Macon coumies, responded with a massive leuer-wnting campaign to tho DEM c;ilhng for protection or 1hc watcr,hcd. Apparently Alarka Creek is well·known and :ipprcc1111ed as o spccanl place by many people in its \·icinuy. There was also $0me reaction 10 1he strong pressure exercised in Swam County by the Ciuzens Aga1ns1 Wilderness group. One local woman lOOk lhc swnd a1 the publu: hC.lling and lCMfully told the audience to pay aucn11on 10 what they value and be cautious about what they would lhrow away. It was obviously a great effort of will for her to male such a swtcmcnl, and she wns the only speaker m support of the ORW mc:isure who received applau:;c from the crowd. 111crc were othcn; who did not dare 10 lake 1h:11 courageous suind. Wilhom Mclarney said lhat he received phone calls after 1hc mecung from Swai n County nntives who had attended the h.:aring, but felt too mumidated IO publicly voice support for Alark.a Creek. "It's a complicated issue." s:iys Mcl.amcy. "The people of Swain County have real grievances. parti,ulatly in rcgnrd to Fonwl\3 Lake. Unfortuna1cly, these gricvanres arc being man1pul3tcd. "The wider issue to 'TIC. which gives me pause when I lhmk about it, ts whnt has the greater soc1cly done lO the...: people 10 create the situation 1hu1 c;cpn:.. \Cd ... 1lo;elf at th;it hcunng?" ~ Or1wmg by Junca Rhc• �The synergy that 1s created when each family member take!) responsibility for their own well-being and suppons the well-being of others, is another resource that serves the process of resolution when conflict docs arise. And of course, the greater the level of well-1>¢ing in the household. the less obnoxiousness and conflict there is! Skillfulness/ Talking it Out According 10 Dana and Nick, "talking it out"--and sometimes over. under. around and through--is the main process for conflict resolution. There are three aspects to that communication process: lisrening, Expressing, and The quality of family life is detennined not by whether or not a family has conflict but by what they do with it. Problem-solving. lisrening. Although the most powerful communication skill, listening remains underused by us all. It is still much easier to give advice, preach, argue, moralize, lecture, or change the subject than it is to reaJly listen 10 what someone else is saying. "We listen with our answers running," a colleague of mine said recently. Reflective or ac1ive lis1ening, on the 01her hand. is listening with your heart, listening for the unique essence of the speaker's experience, and letting the other person know that they have been heard by repeating back to 1hem their message as you heard it. It is particularly challenging to lis1en to another person's point of view in the mids1 of a conflict situation; i1 is, however, the cornerstone for resolution. Listening acknowledges and validates (not necessarily agreeing with) the other person's perspective and encourages important data in the conflict to emerge. Expressing. The other side of listerung is expression statements about perceptions, interpreta1ions, thoughts, feelings, wams, and actions. In conflict situations, it is helpful to state your experience in a way that gives specific information that can be clearly understood by the other party. Such direct expressions arc commonly called "I Statements," (as opposed to accusatory "You Statements.") Nick is the resident expert on "I Statements" in our house these days. His fifth grade class is studying conflict and its resolution in a Mediation Center program called "Fuss-Busters." Through the guidance and modeling of a gifted and committed teacher, the students are learning to express their anger and frustrations in an "l feel when, _ _ __ because " format. The objective of the "I Statement" is to communicate your feelings in a way that does not put down or attack the other and engages their assistance in resolving the conflict. Nick explains that if the other person does not respond helpfully, then it's time to ask the teacher for help. As the year progresses, trained student mediators m the classroom will be available 10 help resolve those conflicts. Dana reiterates that being assertive and letting your family and friends le.now what you're feeling and what help you need from them prevents conflict from building up. Communicating immediately and specifically and in a non-blameful style opens the door for positive resolution. Problem-Solving & Conjlicr Resolurion. Frequently, the simple expression of feelings or needs and a chance to vent or be heard dissolve would-be conflicts. Just as often, however, living in these bus~, high-stress, complicated times, family members need to put their heads together to solve problems. We've noticed that unsolved problems become conflicts to become resolved· if Confl~CtS arc ~Ot fCSOlved, they re-emerge, often growing in magrutude until .a blow-up occurs, or, worse, family members separate and distance themselves from one another in an avoidance pattern. . . Consider these typical modes of responding to conflict snuanons: I. Competition - "I win,• J get all rrry needs !Mt; you get 110thi11g. 2. Accommodation - "You win," I give ui; you get everything. 3 Avoidance - Neithu of ws geu a.ny1hing. 4 Compromiu - EtUh of ws gi11es a /i11/e fJJld gets a li11le. .S CollDbor(JliJ)n - "Win - Win,• we wief111t IN probum aN.i fwJ a crtasive sollllion that sat4fies both of our Mtds. lollnter, J 989-90 ~!though each o~ these a~proaches may be appropriate at some umc, ~oU:iborauo~ provides the m~st longlasting and mutually sausfyang soluuons. In collaborauon. the problem is auackcd - not the people! And what would it be like if the problem were embraced as an opportunity to fine-tune family functioning, rather than attacked? In the process of collaborative connict resolution, a critical stel? is for ~II concerned to clearly define the problem in terms of their own interests and needs. After carefully listening to each person verbalize their side of the conflict. then all can come to an agreement on the definirion of the problem. In their book Gerring To Yes. Fisher and Ury recount che. example of t~o sisters fighting over one orange. Finally, in an effort to be farr, they compromise and cut the orange in half. One sister takes her half, peels the orange and cats the orange. The other sister takes her half, throws away the fruit and uses 1he peel to bake a cake. Clearly, a far superior solution would have emerged had they identified what each person's interesis were. The more accurately the problem is defined in terms of basic interests and needs, the more easily and quickly it can be solved. The process of creatively managing conflict, stress and change in families is a dynamic and continuous one. The more enriching, supportive, compassionate and fun that process is. the less resistance we feel coward it. When conflict is approached in a "Spirit of Possibility" toward healthy change, when individual differences and personal well-being are protected and honored, and when families are committed to using the skills of open communication and problem-solving, conflict becomes a resource for growth rather than an clement of disintegration. Ellie Kincade 1s assisrant director of 1he Counseling Cemer ar UNC-Aslll!ville. She is also a consulranr in t/11! Aiki approach 10 creQlive corf/lier resolutwn. conducring workshops in the fields of edµcarion and human services. SUGGESTED BOOKS Ct11ing 10 Y1.s Roger Fisher and William Ury TllL Magic ofCofl/liCI Thomas Crum Parent E/ftctiveness Traimng Thomas Gordon Swttl D'eamsfo' Lillie Onts: Btdlimt! Fan/IJJks 10 Build Self Estum Michael G. Pappas RESOURCE ORGANlZATJONS Childrcn"s Ctcativc Response to Conflict c/o Fclbwship ofRcconcili.11.IOn Box 271, Nyack. NY 10960 (914) 358-4601 Na-th Carolina Ccn1e1 for Peace Education 214 Piusboro Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (919)929·9821 The Eanh.stcwanis Network cto The Holycatth Foundation, PO Beu 10697 Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 (206) 842-7986 The Mediation Cciucr 408 County Court House. Asheville, NC 28801 (704} 2S 1-6089 The Nauonal Association for Mediation in E.ducation 425 Amity Sueet. Amherst. MA 01002 Parents llld Teachas for Social Rcsponsib.ility PO Box St7. MOtCIOwn, VT 05660 �From the Diary of a Modem Child How can I find a moral sense when falsehood lives protcetcd in governments? \\'hen playing false becomes the norm kids begin 10 wonder what's the form? Our role model> have been S10len our culture hns been stolen, corponue bored rooms determine our feeding, our clo1hing, tnmsp<>rting, and :;chooling style A way of gathering in council has been stolen by govcming images or faces we never see Menning ha:; been ~laced by scllini;, polling. and man ipulaung ... Waste bas been accelerated a~ we consume resources and spil out the remains on pi lcs of rock idols. profiteering religions. and streams of vidio Ulpc Is then: any way we can reclaim our live.~ from corporate and industrial wastelands or pictures that lie, jobs that don't work, :ind 'inter uiinment' tha1 teaches escapism a.~ a way of life that rcsponsibilily is boring· doesn't move fast enough • requires too much undeNanding ... Who is more immature the grown or the growing? At times it is in·sensing 10 think and feel hov. much and how quickly some aspects of human ~ociety are vanishing. It is as though the forces of our ungainly comple~ evolution arc usurping our ability to Ulke the time 10 recognize 1he v.onder and POCKET CULTURES by Wtll Ashe Bason When we look seven generations away we first sec ourselves and our children and then the grandchildren that are on tne Way. This is where our impact on the future is. I low arc we raising ourselves and our children and prepanng for our children's children Now? How can we restructure our lives so as to bener nunure ourselve:. and our children and our children's children? What sort of environmcm is best for growing whole and healthy humans? How do we bring this environmem into reJlilV in Katuah? Many of us "grew up" in the false commumries of modem amcrican cities or suburbs. These were and arc cnvironmenL<; which foster alienation. Almost everywhere is owned hy someone. People are "at home" only at home! lllc streets arc the only common ground around, and they belong 10 cars. There 1s relatively dense population without the community spin1 which would make such density bearable or even pleasurable. In reaction against this, some of us have chosen to live in rurul areas. We have tned to isolate and insulate ourselves from the dominant culture. Our children don't really underswnd this but they do understand that they want to be able 10 sec their friends more often then they do now, living at lhe end of funky driveways at 1hc end of long din roads. Fulfilling this need usually means school and spons and other activities which are driving us to drive. But the driving is not the worst of it, How can we build a new society, one without the faial dis eases of the old, if we send our children during their fol'TTl.llive yC41l'S to institutions whose very nature fosters competition, where s:icredness of place and being arc not even on the graph. Modem )C"I uon Jo~r~ pn9~ 24 necessity of simple enduring cultural bonds. Child "forwaroing" in the context of a dominating culture, or absence of culture, can be a very unsettling, frustrating, and paradoxical experience. Do we re-invent human cullurc again to satisfy the need to bring rights and meaning through the symbols we put into practice? Do we attempt some kind of symbiosis with a decaying power structure that needs a dose of creative innovation? Or do we just open the floodgates and let the grimy warer of predigested images and infonnation come into our senses without any sense of becoming in-sensed? The ad-age of images and sounds coming across screens and speakers 10 thousands of people each day may seem "cool" and scintilating but what arc their effects on the long-range accretion of mind, feeling, and decision for a child? Is it possible 10 create a suppon network that promotes family healing in the face of squashing pressures from a society that apparently doesn't represent or value many of the vital aspecb of its own being? Some of these impon-ances are sustainability, care for those less privileged. more extensive ecological well being, relevant work. a sense of the biological region we inhabit as home, and a healthy supponive extended family. What is the c:ltect of poverty on families m the Katuah region (and not just for us SCRUFFIES or Smanemng C:1retakers, Rurally Urbane, Fueled For Impoverished Ecological Survival)? What is the real effect of turbulence in 'broken homes' and 'instant familes' full of conflicting and compromising inrerests between close relatives and step-relatives on the gcner.il patterns of society? Perhaps 1hese questions arc 100 deep, yet these are the kinds of far-reaching ques1ions often coming to awareness these days. A major difficulty in trying 10 summon the context in which our vitals can flourish, wilhou1 being continually smothered in stress, manifests in the allure of electTOnic media, and its exrensive computer manipulation of visual and acoustic "space" that we all share. As this auruo/video gaming sucks in more and more attention it is essential io realize that it is not a clear expression of the whole mind of our species. The complex whole fields of human life encompass far more than movies. sit·coms, ads. and canoons could ever fuUillingly u:mslate. Commercial media is IJ'Uely an aucmpt by the few to dominate or falsify for the many. The right of choice in the means and content of any particular kind of media hypnotism should be considered~ primarv to essential responsible hum:in freedom . ~• Corporeally. Rob Messick American public schools are lhe melting po1 lef1 on 100 long to boil. They arc tee vec reali1y. At their best. they are only capabk of teaching the parts. Meaning lcs> lhL~ of wurds and dead f~g. organ:.. Our children only choose them because we haven t given them an alternative. We have presumed and pretended that providing an ahemative to school was mostly a mauer of legality and academics. In fact tt means providing a commun11y in which children can find friends as well as intellectual stimulation and emotional security. 11 is no1 enough 10 m~ulute ourselves from the dominant culture. We have 10 create new culture. Not another candidate for dominam culture. but hundreds and thousands of pocket cultures. Pocket cultures that anfully represent unique hum:in ad:ipiarion to unique and sacred places. Cultures m harmony with their environments and thus in harmony with each other. A iangihle culture of l'C.'.11 relationships between people and animals and plants and water and din and stone and architecture and real stuff hke that there and not a culture of tapes and magazme.~ and books and workshops and videos and seminars and full-Oedge~·n8J'$. etc. The culrurc that we have built m each other's heads is beautiful and true and meaningless unless it leads to way of life, which it will. The world is changing rapidly. Humans arc very. very numerous and on the move almost everywhere. Everyday we hear about more refugees and more homeless people. Earth's cities are overcrowded and choking on their own waste. It is a world of villages that will emerge from this nigh1marc. A world in which people once again know their neighbors.!'- ~orld ~ sobered by the environmental con sequences of our unthmking acuons. that respect for and worship of nature will once again be no1 the dommant bu1 lhe only religion. (c:on11nucd on ncxc P•&•) kllnter, l 989 - 90 �I know lll3Jly people of good ecological conscience who have bought land and wish 10 have a comm~nir_y. yet insist on living miles from each other. If a person ts wishing to move 10 one of these communities. about the fauxcs1 pas one could make would be t0 pick a house s!~t I~ near 10 a!1 ~i~ting home, ~nd 100 near usually means vmhin sight of. This 1ns1s1ence on d1s1a~ce seems . downright unfriendly when J_udged by '!ie Cherokee. T1beun. Thai. Dogon, Greek. Zulu, or Zuni (to name 1us1 a very few) standards. There is a very good book called A Pmtern Language by Christopher Alexander and some ~f his friends: and this l?ook i~ very highly respected among arch11ecrs and designers for its radical and coherent approach to archi1cc1ural planning. There is a paucrn called "connected play space"' and the book goes on to cite information to the effect that there is a direct corm;pondencc between neurosis and the number of friends that a child has growing up. Alexander and company used some statistics on family size and average 11ges of children and came up with the figure of 64 families as the number needed 10 insure that all children would have a good chance to find friends. They suggest that what children need is a community of this size in which each home borders on a continuous play area. In such a place, children would do much of the work we now call childcare. This is a much more time-honored and natural arrangement than the pauems we sec non-functioning around us at present. Children learn responsibility in taking care of other children. They also generally have a whole 101 more fun tllnte.r, 1989-90 hanging ar&ind with other kids. Saner and happier kids could help spread these virtues 10 the older folks. Adolescents have a compelling need to be around their own kind, which suits the rest of us just fine. This is sure easier 10 bring about in a small community than in isolated fanns1eads. Young people have a terrible SIJ'Uggle just trying to exist economically IOday. In villages and small communities young people can get good jobs and sec their friends regularly without the expense of a car. The ttansition from child 10 adult can be more gradual and na1ur.t.l 1han the current IJ"Cnd which is usually to move away from parents and friends who can function as a suppon group. Perhaps a 101 of suicide and depression is related to fear.; of nor being able 10 "make it on one's own'.' In a village or small community \\C: make it on our own 1oge1her, a much more reasswing and slllblc arrangemem. Perhaps future generations will look back at the dominant culture's concept of land ownership with the same horror with which we now view slavery. Up until fairly recently most of the \\Orld's people lived an agricultural village communities in which some or all of the land was owned or used in common. This common usage certainly more clearly reflects the basic biological reality of 1he planer we share. Children growing where some of the land is ~hared have a bener chance of learning ro see land as an en111y in it's own right. �Dear KatUah, Another excclltnt issue (Fall, 1989) ·But I mu't Like exception with lhc statement m Pnmck Clark's otherwise Cine arucle on the Eastern cougar/panther/paint.er. He wn1es: •Although it seems fitting and right for panthers tO be inh:lbiung the southern mountains. not one official sighting has been made. Until lhcn, panther ad"ocat~ have no basis for demanding protection for cougar habita1.0 (p.18) Wrong. The burden or proof is on the government to "prove" !here nr.: no pamhcrs. Until then. we must err on the side or lhc cml:ingcrcd cnt1er :llld manage as though lhcrc arc cougnrs. Curr.mil)· wildlife managers go by the dictum, •Extine! until proven ext.anL • We must rever<;e this: "Extant until pro"cn e~tincL • 01hcrwise, unscrupulous and/or incompetent managers c:in ignore even the best sightings. awruung the day someone brings in a cougar carcass to prove ther~ 1ll'C (oops, wue) cougan here. No compromise, Jwmc Saycn Prt.ltnJt Appoluchian IVildl!l'MSS DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH Yts, wt agru. f hanks. Jamie. ·eds. Dear Kaui3h. At first. thank you for sending me a copy of the Katlinh Journal and the U.N. Charter for Na1Urc. I agree wilh your "StatemenL or Purpose·'. I enjoyed about all lh.: Joumal's articles, you're really on the right way; I wish every 81oregions should have a journal like yours. Herc in ltaly, the BiOregional Movement is ju.st starting. That's fine. but I lhink. they're sull a bit humon-ccnu:rcd. I. as member of lhe Italian Wilderness Association's D1rec11ve Council. am trying hard to spread an ccoccnuic awarcncSl; among i~ members.. O.K. Happy llllils tO all of you. Cioo, Morcul Giuseppe Mantova, Italy Dear Folks, Congratulations on your grc:it "For All Things Wild issue! I, IOO. am deeply concerned nboul the "Norlh Carolina road binge." The same insanity grips Virginlll. We need 10 form a coohuon ag:Unst the most environment.ally dcslIUCtivc clement in technology. (I wrote an article about it in lhc earth First' Jow-nal, Vol. IX, No. II. 1988). The on-going and looming cnv1ronmcnuil destruction is truly pl:inct-shalung and i~ the mojor clement in lhc "grccnhot1~ effect" when the infrastructure is considered Unfortunately there seems to be a strong block, e"cn among cnvironmcntahSlS, r.t. the automobile. We need t0 overcome lhis nnd tach individual mu.it act to reduce dependence drastically Tunnies ngoin for a great issue. Enrlh Firstl Bob Mueller Dear Kaltiah, I have enclosed several pamphlets explaining lhc Na11onal Peace T3X Fund Bill. This bill 1s designed to allow !hose persons consc1cn1iou.~ly opposed IO war IO have thc military ponion Of their taxes dirccled toward peace rclaled proJCCl.S. Over onc-lhird of our 1ru1 dollars arc going for current military expenses, 10 say nothing or lhe add1tionnJ 19% t0 take Ct11e of past military expenses. Fof mon: inform:iuon aboul lhc Peace Tax Fund Bill, please write io: National Campaign for 11 Peace Tax Fund 2121 Decatur Pt. NW Wa-.hington. DC 20008 (202) 483-3751 Mrs. llarold Sir.Idler Dear Ka.Wah People. I think you JUSt keep geuing better and bcuer! Congrntula11on~ on puumg t.ogethcr an cons-1stently fine JOUmal. But I'm upset! I can't believe Kataah of all plaec.,. lhousht 11 wns ok to pnnt a want ad for "Christions Only." J really gOt goosct>umps when I '1111\ that ad. I wonder why none among you removed 1t from pnnt Did you think it would offend no one? (Why?) l~s so out or your charnctcr 10 print something discnmin:itmg "'h1ch could only be painful to members of our emerging community I'm sure you won't do u ngain. bu1 I want to let you know how I feel. Sincerely. Randee Brenner GoodslJl<h Thanh for )'011.r kind words for 1~ Kaulah Journal. l\'t fttl that inc/1Uw11 of 1~ ad is not 11uusarily n11.1 of choracta for ·1\'eb,.·orl11111" which fr 111tt.ntkd to h('/p connect people cf t~ rtgwn with rach mhu. Thll.S ii rtfkcu the divusity ofpeople and 111tuc1.11111~ rtgio11. To i11dicatt that a f1U1ctio11 is "for chrwians 011/y" dot.< not necessarily co1Utit11.1t discrimlflaJiDn. bw rather Is 1ntt!ndtd to connut "'.t:mbus cf a s~cijic interest group. • tds JC.a• ah Journm ptu)e 26 l.ltnlcr, 1989-90 �Hau Kauiah, I am wriung lh1s lcllcr to you m reference to our ncwslcucr called 'echoes of lhc drum'. I am interested m pulling 11 m the wcbworkmg section of lhc Katllah Journal. Bui I wlll explain a liulc about ii before I go any further. 'echoes of lhc drum' 1s no1 your onlinnry ncwslcucr. It is not hke the of the ocwslcucr~ that only put news in 11. The news thnt we put in the newsleucr revolves around und1tional teaching or the Ntui\'C American Indians and lho1r Sacred Red Road. h eamo 11bou1 as a need to be able to get 1r.1du1onal tcachmgs m10 the iron houses (prisons) throughout Tunic hlJlnd. rcs1 I was a member of the Thunderbml Pmon Alliance. but when I saw that their goal was ne>I to tench but to become an acthl't sort of group. I separated myself from thc organi1.a1ion. And followed the mcditmc teaching thu1 I was brought up in. As a Lakot.a and descendent of several medicine icachers and trad1uon;ll leaders of my people, I left the radical a' u vi st ways behind and chose 10 seek a more aauvc involvement in gcmng the trnduional tcoch1ngs ms1dc the 1ronhouscs. And since money wns a big factor 111 not being able to buy books frQm publishers. I <;ought a \•isie>n "hlte I was inside lhc solitary confinement MX"llon of the Staunton Corrccuonal Center. As I fasted and prayed to Wnkan Tan~a. the vision came 10 me. And m the vision l saw the Ancestors calling out 10 me 10 tca.:h the teachings of all indigenous tribes. and not just only the Lakota way,. Because 111-.dc the iron houses there were more than JUSt Lakol<ls and behind the iron doors. The vision told me 10 remember bad. to when the drums sounded out with messages 10 the different villages. To become one with th•· 'ound of lhosc drums. And Ihm was the bcgmmng of the' ision or which I now follow. And 1hal 1s where the ncwslcucr got 1lS name from. II h called 'cch<X!s of 1hc drums'. The hardcM pan afterwards wa.~ to spc.ik to the Eld.: rs and TClKhcrs of the different tribes, to help me in this end<'.a,·or. And they saw the sUlt'Cfll)' in whal I wa.~ doing. And th.:y have all come 1ogcth.:r and pro' id~ me 11. ith teachings I will cnclo'e a copy of the ncw,lcuer. The next part was 10 resolve the issue or nm to wruc each and every warden of the different iron houses 1hroughout Turtle hland. So I went to the Lihrary of Congress m request for an I S S.N permit. And u 11.as granted. and therefore clc;mng another step m getung the teachings inside the iron houses by way or a ncwslcucr And from the initial 75 ncwslcncrs that were sent lo 1hc guys and women 1hroughou1 Turtle hl:md, the ncwskncr has grown to a ma1l111g l"t of over four-hundred and flfiy now. And 1hc 1mponan1 thing 1s thal 1hc ocw~lc11er 1s free or chargc. This is in ;icc;ordancc wnh the traditional 1c:11;hcrs that I have gi,cn my word to, that I would m no way ~II what 1~ given to us by th.: Grl'lll Sp1nt. And therefore I have done so. And II will be the pohr~ thal th.: newsleucr will never be sold, nor will then> Ile a -.uhscripuon r.i1e ror ll. The one message " 1hu1 the ncwslcuer is nQI onl) for 1nmale<. bu1 for ull who wisll to lcum from the teaching th:u arc in the newsletter>, We don't a.sk for any donation for the ocw~lcncr. we asi.. that 1f anyone wishes IO receive the ncwslcuer, tha1 lhcy help with the postage of it We give to all that Wl.'h 11, whether they can aHorJ to send postage or not. It will not be denied to anyone that wants 11. And our mo1lm1t hst 1s growing daily. So 1f an)·onc who wishes to rccc1\'C it. they c311 do so by writing the following people and they will be pul on the mailing li\t. I.) Thundcrhawk, 157372, Editor Rt.2Box Ill BIWld, VA 24315-9616 2.) Moonyccn Scay, Publi:>hcr P.0 Box 860; Vcron;i, VA 2441!2 3.) Zandc Griffith, AsM. Editor, 'echoe.~ of the drum' R.R. 1; Box 11 l·B: Pamphn. VA 23951! From v. hat I ha\'c 11. riucn you may lake anylhmg oul of 11 and put 11 the Wcbworkmg scc1ion. Or 1f you choose 10, you may me and wnt.: nhou11hc ncwslcucr once you have read 11. I will do~e thi' lcuc-r for now. lllld m clo~1ng I Jlf8Y that th.: Four Wm<;h do grant you the People of Kat~1 Jllany of beautiful 'iOngs of joy. \\'akan Tanl;a ntCI un wclo. I rClld your wonderful papcr and was cxcucd by it. You arc really doing a grea1 thing by pubhshmg the kind~ of things you prin1. One cmicbm: 11.hy nOI prim on recycled p:ipcr'! Sintetcly, Lonna Richmond Kno~villc, Tcnncs.~ Good question! Ont wt've often cn11sidertd. With all our local pruittr.<, rtcycltd paper would nu:an tlrat 1<-e would havt to bu}' o full roll of rtcyclt:d new.<print UI an enormous prirt wt cll!lnot anywhere near afford. Rccytlahlc f'<ll'e.T u tht be.ft wt con dQ riRht now. ·eds. Dl:ar KatU.lh, I just had 10 write and express appreciation for your summer '89 issue. It 1s a very thorough message mspinng all who read 11: to act rather than to ri:act. JOin wilh others for peace, listen mlhcr th.an shove. Welcome messages to a world or people rc.idy to run if we ,,lightly scno;c a hmt of bcm!l pushed. And lhcn ...as I looked for your address I saw a book review on /hr Chaliu arid Tiit Bladt--an incredible book I'm currently rtadmg Some things ju,1 fall in place, don'1 they! My heartfelt th:inks, Brcc1.e Bum.\ Quincy, Florida in Visual comments on tefc~·ision by Thom Preston (left) and Rob Messick (above). Muakyc Cya.,m. Thunikrhawk 1t K.Ul®n • 1.1 nDI paqd 27 ;r. '' Jour r '~ ft �New ELF In Town For six years Franklin and Susan Sides have been head gardeners at the Mother Eanh News demonstration gardens in Hendersonville in the upper reaches of the French Broad River. Now they have taken the first steps to distill their collective experience into a self-published newsletter that, in their words, "chases the soul of gardening." Rather than emphasizing the "how-to" aspects of gardening, their small publication will concern itself more with the delights and fears, the successes and mistakes, the small revelations and moments of humor that gardening brings. The Sides are asking for help for their infant publication. Quotes, shon articles, humor, poems, prayers, leuers, diaries are all eagerly solicited. And, of course, chan er subscribers are also welcomed. The first issue of this infant publication is scheduled for March, 1990. To contact Franklin and Susan Sides with submissions or inquiries, write them at: Rt. I , Box 57; Fairview, NC 28730. continued from p. 14 The increasingly critical planetary environmental situation has led many activists, both young and old, to the conclusion that polite protestations are not enough ro solve our present ills and that means of direct action arc necessary to save life on Earth in all its many manifestations. This holds true for the Ka1uah Province as well. A core group of fifty activists has fonned a Southern Appalachian chapter of Earth First!, a continental group known for its srrong stands and creative actions on behalf of the planet and all its species. The local chapter has taken the name Earth Liberation Front (ELF). The new group is action-oriented. At its first meeting the chapter decided to make its initial focus the controversy over cleareutting in the watershed from which the city of Asheville draws its drinking water and took 11 field trip out to the area the following week. "This is only a beginning," said one activist, identified only as Roadkill, "The natfonal forests are being decimated by roading and habitat destruction, and rampaging development is taking over more and more available habitat area. Our goals are to bring an awareness of the ecological law of 'carrying capacity' to the human population he~ and to restore wild habitat hy creating a large biosphere preserve in the Southern Appalachians that would be linked by connecting corridors to other preserve areas up and down the whole Appalachian Range " To jom ELF in its effons as pan of Eanh Fu-st! or for more information ahout the group, write them at Box 17 I: Alexander. l\C; Katuah Province 28701. '-''= 'I $ ~~ BARE .~ ..=.,.; 11' :J ESSENTIALS Natural Foods .~ .. Wine Making The Spirit of the Wild James Rhea's artwork that was the logo for the "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference and the cover of Issue 25 of the K011iali Jmmw/. is now available to ;ill as conference posters and T-Shins. The poster. are beautiful. four·color 11" x 17'' renditions of the native species portrJll with conference information below and are available for $2.00. The T-shins arc heavy-duty, all-cotton. silkscreencd by Ridgerunner Naturals. Only large and extra-large sizes remain. They are available for$ l 0.50. Prices include postage. NC residents please add 5% sales tax. All proceeds from the sale of these items will support rescue actions for native habitat in the Southern Appalachian forest. Order fmm· KALANU Box 282; Sylva, 1\C Katuah Province 28789 •: Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grmns Vicamins & Supplcmcnrs Wheat, Salt, & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes •• Hair & Skin Care Produus • I11 200 west Kini! Street. Boone NC 28607 .. \.... ~\)-=- :c :c 111 __)~ 704-264-5220 ~· =4'.. 1 124 broadway ashevJlc. nc 28801 ]04-252-8..(04 carolina costume compa11y Katuah: Approval - giving 100% approval so there's no failing involved - that's what's lacking in our schools and why there's so much fear. It's incredible when you see how receptjve kids are to approval • 'cause Lhey have so much to give. Bonnie: It's attitudes. As the teacher walks through that door - how the children respond as a group is directly related to her attitude. Directly. I've seen it so many times that l feel it's an absolute truth. If the teacher is affirmative and listens to the children and inspires creativity then the children are eager to learn. Teachers all have to take psychology but if it's not their interest they may nor use it. But everybody's interested in what's fun and funny. They say people learn 80% mo~e effectively when they're laughing! Ev~~ tf you're not using puppets you l'lln be pos111ve and have joy in th.: classroom more often than not. Katuah: Could you say what you love most about your work? Ilonnie: h 's fun' I have a great time. ll's definitely not something I cho:,;e - the puppet:; chose me. / ~ Beer & Supplies you could get literature in there, 100. But there's so much specializing in schools that you don't get to put things together. And puppetry puts it together. I'd like to see the<ltre become a standard pan of elementary education ... for teachers to have to take puppetry in order to be educators. I've created workshops where I teach teachers how to use puppets in the classroom and Textend that to counselors and therapists ... anybody who works with people. I'd like to get rid of some of the rules and standards and replace them with imaginative, affirmative attitudes and teaching methods... then you're right on the crux of the whole problem in the institution. 801111ie Blue ca11 he camacted a1 PO Bo.\ lo57. Asltcville. NC 28802 (7()./) 6./5-9918. l\10LNTAIN ARTS PROGRAM C'rc.1w.I 1n I IJ1!3, lh~ Mouniam Mts Progr-dm (\!AP) ha." 'J'O!Nm.'d hundred' of ani,t·m rc,11kncc rrogram< for sd1ool • in wc,tcm 1'C. \' isu;il anisl< . dr~mall\IS, Jugi:lcr'. clo" ns, rn1111~'· mu,1cians, crafl<Jl<.'Of>l.: and wr111 ""orl. in >ehool\ r11r a wc.:I••11 ;i umc, 1yricall> '11<.·nJmg al kasl l\\O week' In a rnun1v. Rcs1Jcnc1c' i:"c -iudcms an opponuniL}' 10 r:it1ic,1patc m tfifktcnl an forms With \\Or~ing profc""onJh who ha'c ll tugh lc,cl of energy :inJ ,111hu,,..1.,m for their a.t. An) one intcrcslCJ m ha•mg .1n ar11s1 1n their .s<. hoot may comaf>I). For inronnouon or to reqllr\l llll ap1•ha111.. n, ""tc \11\P. no, 11611. Bumw1lk:, ;-;c 21!71.!, (7(>1) f.8~·721' t.>rntlr . t 989-90 �FOREST RESCUE IN THE KAT UAH PROVINCE (An Ecological Manifesto for the Southern Appalachian Bioregion) These are program ideas drawn from the discussion at the forest rescue action workshop. "For All Things Wild," held on Saturday, OcLOber 28 at Warren Wilson College. The workshop was held on the day following the conference "Restoring Biodiversily in the Southern Appalachians: A Strategy for SwvivaJ" and drew heavily on the ideas and analysis presented at the conference. All human use wirhin the biosphere preserve area must conform to the demands of old-growth habita1 10 maintain ample numbers of all native species. A grassroots initiative will be needed to bring this issue before the federal Congress. 2) There can be no funher road construction within the regional biosphere preserve, and we must begin clo~ing exi~ting roads that in1erferc with the needs of old-growth habuat species. The context for these proposals is the Preserve Appalachian Wilderness proposal envisioned by Jamie Sayco of New Hampshire. Put simply, the PAW proposal calls for a system of large evolutionary or biosphere preserve areas along the AppaJachian Mountain Range connected by wide mignuion corridors to enable the movement of individual species and genetic information up and down the length of the mountain range. The preserves would maimain a variety of viable habitat areas and characteristic ecosystems in protected landscapes large enough to suppon the largest native carnivorous predators and diverse enough to maintain all representative native species. (For a more detailed explanation of the PAW proposal, see Ka11iah Jour1111/, Issue 20.) The "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference clearly demonslTated the necessity for profound and immediate change. The Appalachian hardwood forest is being severely compromised by human activities It may soon be unable to fulfill its integral role in local and planetary life support. We arc already in a crisis situation, and we need to think .and act boldly to meet the ecological demands of our time. The current political and social realities are self-serving and irrelevant due 10 a distorted world-view which values the continued dominance of Lhe human species al any cost. To conform to these present realilies would only lead us further along a suicidal course. A bold new vision based on ecological reality is required instead. To correct the imbalance beLWeen the human inhabitants of these mountains and our natural habitat, and to preserve the original inhabitants - the native species - we must act. These arc necessary first steps toward ecological sanity in the Katuah Province: l} A// the 3.5 million acres of public lands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains shall be mandated to be a regional biosphere reserve. AU inholdings need to be incorporated a~d the national forests shall be extended to the purchase boundanes to complete the biosphere preserve area. 'lljaee, '1\!tllngl 'Na@raj,s T-S HIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS 3) Commercial logging in the biosphere reserve area must cease. This would not be an undue economic hardship for the region, as only 10% of the wood cut in the Southern Appalachian region comes from the areas presently in national forest. Compared 10 the ecological and social value of a large preserve area, the dollar value of logging in the national forests is inconsequential! 4) The Southern Appalachian Biosphere Preserve must be connected to other natural areas. To this end: - create a wide, viable wildlife corridor between the Cherokee National Fores1 in Tennessee and the Jefferson National Fores1 in Virginia - re-define all major waterways as aquatic habimt corridors from the mountains to the sea - and create a corridor connection between the Southem Appalachian bioregion and the Florida Peninsula biorcgion. 5) Bring human population lo a level within the ecological carrying capacity of the bioregion - a size which does not interfere wi1h the integrity or functions of the natural life community in the Southern Appalachians. , Rather than promote accelerated growth, we must work to decrease human numbers and impact to bring our species to its proper level of influence within the region. 6) T ake a leading role in efforts to end atmospheric deposition/air pollurion that is destroying the Southern Appalachian forest and contributing to global warming. 7) Change our individual and social consciousness and lifestyles to harmonize more closely with the natural conditions:# the Southern Appalachian bioregion. p .. - David Wheeler t!lti11ue At11p1111t/11re all Jler/J111D111 t!li11it CALL or WRITE for FREE COLOR CATALOG DE..5 1GNS by Rob \lessic.k Jllus1ra11011 & Design in Pen & Ink and Colored Pencil Natural Food Store & Dell 160 Broedw9y Ashevllle, NC 28801 Wher9 Broedw9y ~ Mmmnon Ave & ~40 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Mond.)'·S.un:lay: lllim-8pm Sund.y; f ptn-Spm (704) 253-7656 Wl.ntcr, 1989- 90 ~t.Uah )ournGt P'"Je 29 �RECYCLED PAPER! - Directory of products sources for the sou~ Suggcsacd donation S 1.00 ao Western Norah Carolina Alliance, PO Box 18087. Asheville. NC 28814 (7~) 258-8737. HOMESCHOOLING FAMILIES gaaher on a weekly basis. weather permitting, at Lake Louise in Weaverville, NC on Wednesdays from 11:30 am until 1:30 • 2:30 pm. We arc a small group, very mfonnal, and open to anyone who wanas to join us to exchange energy, infonnauon, ideas. and playume. For more information, call Alice Coblcnu (7()4) 6S8-2676. BIODYNAMICALLY GROWN Com seed. Mini-pops to giant fillers. Varieue.~ for no-aill wilhoua hclbicidcs • and fOf compos1 ralher lhan salt rcnilization. For caaalog please send SASE 10 • Union Agriculwral lnstituae, Ra. 4 Box 463S, Blairsville. GA 30512. MOUNTAIN DULCIMERS • m3de of black walnua, red cherry. or maple. Tops available in wormy chestnut. buuemut, swcctgum, o;o~fras. western cedar, and other woods. ConlllCt: Mize Dulcimer Company; RL 2. Box 288; Blounaville, 37617 (615) 323-8489. GREENING CARDS· concspondencc and advocacy cards for people who care. Onginal an reproduced m color. (10% of proc;ccds don<lled ao proJCCLS ror peaoc and jus11ce.) Wriae to Ginny Lentz. LovEanh ™ SEA KAYAKfNG ·Come enjoy peace and solitude llllvehng wiah lhe rhylhms or lhe sea. Classes. day trips, overnight aours, cusaom charters. Kayal;/Sallboat tours 10 lhe Bllhamas. Knyak tours to Cosaa Rica. For more informntion contaca: Charlie Reeve:;; Sea Level Inc.: POB 478; Tybee Island, GA 31328 (912)786-S8S3 Creations: Box 144S: Black MounaaJn, NC 28711. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS· habaJ salves, tincaures. &: ojls for birthing cl family health. For brochure, please wriac: Moon Dance Fann: RL I, Bolt 726: Hampton. 37658. ™ SCffiNCE TEACHER, ecologically aware, dcsm:s land in KatUah, preferably E. Tenn. or W. North Carolina for evenaual il\Mbiaauon. Mu.~1 lie well w/ road fronaage. Conaaca: B. Bicmullcr: Soulh Brunswick H.S.: Mammoch JcL, NJ 08852. AUTHOR SEEKING RECIPES for wild fOOds 10 comribuaors JR book upon publication. Recipes needed for fi'lh. game, wild plants. Thomas K. Squier, N.D.: Ra. I, Box 216; Abcrdc<:n NC 28315. cookbook. Will give c.rcdia CONSCIOUS COUPLE & infana, wish 10 learn/wort on organic farm for housing + slipcnd OR carelake a residence on acreage. Very comm1aed and sincere. Wana to leave ahc cuy and profcss10ns to work IOW8rd scU sufficiency. Can rcloc:ue Cllrly June '90. Open to Options. Please Con13c:1; Dan & Barb Umbcrget: 347 Sinclair Ave. N.E.; Allanm. GA 30307. (404) S21-2971 SKYLAND • log on to the computer bulletin board or the Smokies. Networking. plus new~ on the environment. natwc photography. giuncs. compuaer utilities, much more. Conaiiet Michael Havelin. sysop, (704) 254-7800. NATIJRAL CHILDBIRTH CLASES 'PCCiali1mg In Lile Bradley Method. Classes arc small and include nutrition physiology. consumerism. parenting skills, and rclaxaaion and labor SUJll'O'I techniques. For more informaaiOn call or write Maggie Sachs; 808 Florida Ave.: Bri~tol, TN 37620. (61S) ?M-2374. "THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT" • a complete report on our changing cmironmcna for lhc ncxa 60 years. $17.00 po~tpaid, or write for more information. Lorien House; POB 1112; Blac~ Mountain, NC 28711-1112. • PURE SORGHUM - and sorghum based dcsscr~ toppings and chocolates. Handmade m the Appalachian (OOthiUs. Free sorghum recipe bto.:hure send SASE. Candy sampler (2-KY Buckeye~ & 2-Bourbon Balls) S2.00 J>Cl'\lpaid. Golden Kcntuc:ky Products; POB 246: livmgslOO, KY 40445. (606) 453-9800. X.Oti&ah Jo\4rno! p"'Jl' 30 WANTED: HOUSE TO RENT. Profo.. "S1onal ccllha and arust with one child are IOOking for a country house. m lhC SUITOUn<ling A1.hev1llc, NC area from June I, 1990. Please conuact Ron & Rachel ClearfielJ: 7800 Colhn.~ Avenue; Miami Beach Fl.. 33141 (305) 86S-048 I. CIRCLES RETURNING • a new cassette by Bob Avery•Grul>cl' This JS music 10 touch lhc soul and heal ahe heart. Lynes included. To order send SIO per casscuc to: Bob Avcry·Grubcl; Rt l Box 735: Floyd, VA 2400 I St..~FOODS • fresh. hand-made herbal skin prepwaaions at '="able onces. Send for price list~ 106 E. Ma111 SL. Johnson City. TN 37601 REMEDY FOR rnE COMMON COLD?· I've found one; it\ natural and 11 works Send S3 and your SASE to: Heaven on Enrah; 482 Whue Oal. Cle Rd.; Burnsvlllc, NC 28714. RENEWAL PROGRAMS· I prov1Jc mdiv1dual and corporate renewal programs for bus1ncsse~ & organi1.ations interested m hcahng thcmsclvc~ and providing cmpowcrmcna 10 oth.:~. Wrote· Kalh1c Pieper c/o Pieper A~~oc1ntcs: Ra I, Box 238: Waync.~v1llc, NC 28786. CREATION SOAP- lund·crnfacd herbal soaps from the Blue Ridge Mounwn.~. Rose and bvcndet soaps, mo1>1uri1.mg bar, slumpoo/cond1t1oncr bar. Contnet Anna: RL I, Box 278; Blowmg RoU, NC 28605 (7™) 262-2321. YOGA FOR ALL AGES- Ongoint; cla.<;:;C.S m the Asheville lllC;l, workshops for group~. aml rnvaac sessions. Give your..clr the s1fa or wellness and peace. For more 1nfonna11on .:all Bo~ Kelly (704) 2.S4-8698. ORGANIC HONEY· Tulip Poplar, Sourwood,and Wildnowet. From Patrick Counay, Virginia. No chemicals. no white sugar, no hC11t, ever. Strained through cheesecloth and packed JR heavy glass canning J31'S. For a 4-oz. sample of our premium sourwood and our catalog, send S4 10: Wade Buckholas & Megan Phillips; Route 2. Box 248: Stuart, VA 2A 171. (703) 694-4571 STIL-LIGHT THEOSOPHICAL RETR EAT CENTER • a quiet sp3Ce for personal mediaalion, group inaerneaion through study, and community won:. and ~p1titual '1Cm1rnir;. Conmca Leon Frankel; RL I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 287116. MOCCASINS, bnndcruftcd of elkhide in ahc trlld1lionnl Plains Indian style. W:ucr rc,~iswna, resoluble, and rugged • gtC<lt for hiking! Children's and infana sizes available. \'/rue: Blue Feather Mocca~ms: Box 931: Asheville. NC 28802, or call Pollick Clark Bl (7~) 2S3-5<};7. NATURE LOVERS' COMMUNITY • Chrisainns only. S1000 gives you hfctimc owncl'>h1p righlS on .S acres. Whole propetty consists of -is acres of wooded calm and privacy. Write: Gospel Ministry; P.O. Box 6S4: Clinton, TN 37717. RHYTHM .6LIVE • Handcrafacd African- Style Drums, workshops. learning tapes, drumbng_~. and aacssoncs. Please send SASE IO Rhythm Ahvc!; SS Phaux Cove Rd.: Weaverville, NC 28787 {704) 645-3911. NEW AGE · group forming. All mtcrc~aed m \haring about spirit to spirit commun1cotion, channchng. v1suah1auon, hc;ihng, chokrns, IMOI, etc. Emphasis on spmt and our connccaion to Mother Earth, v1suaH1mg po~11ivc growth and nurturing Conaact· Thcrc"a Carlson; ?SOI Ruic Rd .. Knoxville. TN 37920. WJ:BWORKING 1s free. Send submLssioos to: Kattlah Journal P.O. Box 63R Lc1.:.:,acr. NC Katllah Province 211748 Wint.er, 1989- 90 �The Kan1ah Journal wanrs ro communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as le11ers, poems, stories, articles. drawings. or pliowgraphs, etc. Please send your comributions to us aJ: Kati/ah Journal; P. 0 . Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kati/ah Province 28748. The Spring 1990 issue of the Ka11foh Journal will be focusing on "Wellness in the Mountains." We are looking for information and aniclcs on !hose who contribu1e to the heahhful quality of life in our southern mountains; especially through activities which promote self-responsibility and a high level of wellness as the normal living state. Issue 28 of the KatUa11 Journal (Summer, '90) will take up the topic of "Carrying Capacity" and the burgeoning impact of the human presence and human teehnology in !he mounrains. The issue will look beyond the last induscrial smoke-cloud and past the end of real estate, when we apply !his imponant ecological principle to our own selves. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE · SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agricuhure • SunJlowcn • HWTWI Impact on Ille Fon:st • Cltlldrcns' Education Veronica Nicholas:Wom1n m Poli11cs • Linle People • Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR · SUMMER 1984 WateT Drum • WalCT Quality . Kudzu - Solu Eclipse • Clc.vcuuing · Trout • Going IO Waler Ram Pumps - MICIOhydro - Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, nm Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE . FALL 1984 Hll'Vcst • Old Ways in Cherokee . Girucng · lofuclear Wu1e • Our Celtic Heritage · Bioregionalism: Past, Pre""t, and Future • John Wilnoty • Healing DatlaiC$S • Politics of Participation ISSUE SIX · WINTER 1984-&s Winier Solstice Eanh Ceremony • Horsepastur< River • Coming of the Light • Log Cabin Rooia • MO\llll&in Agiculture: The Right Crop - William Taylor ·The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN · SPRING 198S Sustainable Economics - Hoi Springs • Worker Ownership - The Great Economy . Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey • Responsible Invuting • Woricing in lhc Web of Life ISSUE ElGIIT - SUMMER 198S Cclcbntion: A Way of Life · KauW. 18,000 Ye«n Ago • S-W Sites • Folk Arts in Ille Schools • Sun Cyclr./Moon Cycle • Poems: Hilda~ . Chuobe HaUa&e Cenll::r. Who Owns Appilachia? ISSUE NINE· FALL 198S The Waldu Forest - The Trees Speak • Mi&ratin& Forata • Hone Louina - Swtini a TrecCrop • UtbanTrea -AQQQI Bn:.od . Myth Tmo ISSUE TEN · WINTER 198S-i6 Kate Rogers • Circles of Sionc • Internal Mylllmaking • Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: Steve Kmulll • Mytltlc Places • The Uktena's Tale • Crystal Magic "OrcamspW.ina" ISSUE TWENTY ..ONE • Fall, 1988 Chutnuts: A Natunl Hwory • Restoring the Chc:AAut . "Poem or Preservation and Praise" Continuing the Quest - Forests and Wildlife Chestnuts in Regional Diet - Chestnut Resources • Herb Note . Oood Medicine: "Changes to Come" • Re•iew: Wliuc legmds Live ISSUE ELEVEN · SPRINO 1986 Community Pl1nning - Cities and the Bioregional Vision - Recycling • Community Gardening· Floyd County, VA - Gasohol • Two Bioreglonal Views • Nuclear Supplement Foxfire Games · Ooocl Medicine: Visau ISSUE TWENTY-TWO · W°U11er, '88--89 Global Warm.ing • Fire This Tune - Thomu Berry on "Bioregions" · Earth E.xcrc:is4' . Kort Loy McWhiru:t - An Abundance or Emp<inea LETS - Cllroniclea of Floyd • Darry Wood .• TheBIOlltClm ISSUE THIRTEEN . Fall 1986 c - For Awakening • Elizabelll Callari - A Gentle Death • Hospice • Ernest Morgan Dealing Creatively with Death • Home Burial Box • The Wake • The Raven Moc.ku • Woodslorc and Wildwoods Wisdom • Oood Medicine: The s.._ Lodge ISSUE TWENTY-THREE - Spring, 1989 Pisgah Village • Pl111e1 An - Orcen City Poplar Appeal - "CllOllt Sky" · "A New Eulh" Black Sw1n • Wild IAvcly Days - Reviclwa: Socred Land Socr«d Sa; Ice "6«. Poem: "Sudclcn Tc:ndrits" ISSUE FOURTEEN . Winter 1986-87 lJoyd C.rt Owle • Boogers Ind Mummcn • All Species Day • Cabin Fever Univonity • Homeless in Kaulah • Homemade Hot Wat..Stovemalter's Narrative - Oood Medicine: Interspecies Communic:alion ISSUE EIOITTEEN. Winter 1987-88 Vamcular Archilecture • Dreams in Wood and Sione • Mountain Home • Earth Energies • Euth-She.llcred Uving • Membrane Houses • Brush Shelter • Poems: Octobu DWJt. • Good Medicine: "Shell.Cr" ISSUE FlFTE.E.N • Spring 1987 CoverlelS • Wom1n Forester - Susie McMahan Midwife • Alternative Contraception • Bioscxuality • Bion:gionalism 1nd Women Oood Modicinc: MAlriudW Culture - Petarl ISSUE NINETEEN · Spring. 1988 Perelmdra Cl~ · Spring Tonics • Blueberries WildOower Gardens - Cranny Herbalist • Flower Eucnces • "The Origin of lhc Animals: Siory. Good Modlcinc: "Power" - Be AT"'° ISSUE SIXTEEN · Summer 1987 Helen Waite • Poem: Visions in a Garden • Vision Quest - First Flow • lnitillion • Leaming in the WUclemess • Cherokee OWJcnp - -Valuing Trees" ISSUE TWENTY · Summer. 1988 l'luave AppaJacru.n Wildr:mw · HiaJ!landl of Roan • Cclo Community - l.IDd Trust Anh11r MOf1111 School - Zonin1 luue • .,,,_ Ricl&e" • Farmers and \he Farm Bill • Good Medicine: "lMld" - Acid Rain - Duke's Power Play · Chaokee Miaohydro Projoc:t ISSUE TWENTY ·FOUR - Summer. '89 Deep Listt:rting · Life in AIOmic C"lly - OiftlCt Actlonl · Tree of Pe.ce • Commuruty Buildlftg Pcaccmaltcrs - Ethnic Survival • Pairing Project • "Ba.tllesong" • Growing Peace in Cullurea · Review: Tltc Clta/iuOlld IN Blatk ISSUI! TWENTY-FIVE· FALL. 1989 The Gn:at Forest • Resl.orina Old Orowtlt • Regional Planning • Tunbcr • Forest Roada Poem: Sparr- Hawk. · A Pl..:e f« Bun • '7/uu FLU 1/tc RtWi HLaElfl" • l!utern P1nthcr • Oak Decline • People md Habiw Wtld S--n.s - Daner Fair - - - ---- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- ---- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ~UAtt)OURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Formo~info: Name Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address City call Mamie Muller (704)683-1414 State Zip Enclosed is $ to give this ejfon an exua bOOst I can be a local contaet Area Code loll.mer, 1989-90 Phone Number person for my area Back Issues = Issue# __@ $2.50 S_ _ Issue# _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.-59= $_ _ Complete Set (3-1 J, 13-16, 18-25) @ S3s.oo =s__ 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 26, Winter 1989-1990 Description An account of the resource The twenty-sixth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on children and parents: their roles in family and in the bioregion. Authors and artists in this issue include: Thomas Berry, Samala Hirst, Ellie Kincade, Linda Metzner, Lucinda Flodin, Martha Perkins, Jan Verhaeghe, Christina Morrison, Karen Watkins, Doug Woodward, Trish Severin, Susan Griesmaier, Aviva Jill Romm, Tom Youngblood-Petersen, Rob Messick, Will Ashe Bason, Jermain Mosely, Marnie Mikell, James Rhea, Martha Tree, and David Wheeler. This issue also features an interview with Bonnie Blue, puppeteer. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-1990 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Coming of Age in the Ecozoic Era by Thomas Berry.......1 Kids Saving Rainforests by Samala Hirst.......4 Kids' Treecycling Company.......5 Conflict Resolution and the Family by Ellie Kincade.......6 Developing the Creative Spirit by Linda Metzner........8 The Balloon is a Unicorn by Artspirit Studio.......9 Birth Power by Lucinda Flodin and Martha Perkins.......10 Birth Bonding by Jan Verhaeghe.......11 The Magic of Puppertry: An Interview with Bonnie Blue by Christina Morrison and Karen Watkins.......12 Home Schooling by Doug Woodward and Trish Severin.......15 Ceremony: Traditional.......16 Mother Earth: The Natural Classroom by Susan Griesmaier.......18 Biodegradable Diapers by Aviva Jill Romm.......18 Resources........19 Gardening Tips for Children by Tom Youngblood-Petersen.......19 Natural World News.......20 "From the Diary of a Modern Child" by Rob Messick.......24 Pocket Cultures by Will Ashe Bason.......24 Drumming.......26 Forest Rescue: An Ecological Manifesto.......29 Webworking.......30 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Puppeteers Conflict management Natural childbirth Child rearing--Appalachian Region, Southern Home schooling North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Agriculture Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Definitions Black Bears Community Education Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Katúah Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9f2387ce382112b7b0a8bda018a48500.pdf 09fa3efa31f6a47dc90c3efbe5b45134 PDF Text Text ISSUE 28 SUMMER 1990 $1.50 �~UAH JOURNAL PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Kaluah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 �Carrying Capacity ....................... 3 by David Wheeler Setting Limits to Growth: Interview with Dr. Gary Miller.......•.•.•. 5 Recorded by David Wheeler What Is Overpopulation?................... 7 by Stephe11 Bartlett The Road Gang ......................... 8 by Rob Barro11 The Highway to Nowhere ............ 9 Opening Pandora's Box: The 1-26 Projec1 ......................... 10 by Rob Barron "Caring Capacity" .................... 11 by Will Ashe Bason People and Habitat. .................. 12 by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawcett Designing the Whole Life Communicy.............. 14 by Marnie Muller Steady State ................... ........ 15 by .Tim llouser Poems by Will Ashe Bason ............. 17 Good ~lcdicine........................ 20 Transportcrnativcs .................... 22 by Pmrick Clark Imagining the End of Real Estate ................ 23 hy Jlecrdire P. CotUic'Cllt Naturnl World Ncws .................24 !\Jan and the Biosphcrc ...............27 Drumming ............................. 28 l.e11crs to Katuah Joum31 Review: Cohousing .................. 30 by Will Ashe Bason Events .................................. 33 Wcbworking ...................... .... 34 ---- , A f': are blesL The Katuah Province V V~f the bioregion of Appalachia is a place of beauty with abundant rainfall, verdant forests, rich bottomland soils developed from the old rocks of the hills, and a wide diversity of plant and animal species. The highland forests have provided well for a human population for 14,000 years. They have maintained sttong populations of other animal species for eons longer than 1hat. And they consistently perform important life suppon services for the entire planet. Yet today the growth and development of human culture in the Southern Appalachians is threatening the viability of the system as a whole. And we do not seem 10 know how to conttol ii. We cannot control it because the idea of physical "growth" is enshrined on a cultural pedestal and is considered to be among the ranks of the holy - beyond question. Physica1 "growth" is the economic watchword of our society, the one tactic that has never failed us. It is the measure of our economic success in the concept of our Gross National ProducL It is seen as the panacea for all our economic ills, local or national. But now our concept of infinite growth has collided headlong with the physical Limits of our biosphere. We have passed the point of diminishing returns, and our response is to squeeze our environment all the tighter, even as it becomes increasingly apparent that our world can no longer stand the strain. But we still seem unable to give up our addiction to the: concept of infinite increase. We mochfy the word "growth" with the limiting adjectives "quality" and "responsible," but vinu~lly no one is willing to publicly bring up the idea that here in the Katiiah Province we have alreotly surpassed the ability of the l3nd to suppon our great numbers and our grea1 enterprise. This is because the idea of carrying capacity is not widely known. Carrying capadty means the extent of a habitat'~ ability to suppon a conunuously sustainable population of a particular species. Any aspect ofhabita1 can be the critical clement that limits carrying capacity for a given species, although food or water are usually the determining factors. Even 1hose human beings familiar with the notion of carrying capacity are reluctant to apply it to our own species, feeling that it violates some unspoken human ttusl to admit that we, too, are bound by the inevitable laws of Oeation. The truth be known, in the Karuah bioregional province we need to work to lessen our species' impact on the ecosystem that sustains us. But instead our numbers and impact continue to rise. The two-headed bogey of growth and development is going to be one of the most crucial issues facing all of us in the Karuah Province in the decade 10 come. In the mountains, developmem is synonymous with access. Access today means roads. Where the roads go, habitat destruction follows. In some ways, the futare of our . region is as simple as that "'for Cife. in t~ mountains is fi'Tling in tfanger Of too many people., too many macftine.s... • S""8 {yriu 6y Jolin 'Dentler To understand whaL is happening to us and to our region we need to understand the idea of carrying capacity. We need to be able to wield that idea incisively in order to communicate to others about what is happening and to bring about change. The solution is for us to redefine the relationship between our species and our mountain habitat We need to see that we are the mountains, that we are the forest Our model is the old-growth forest itself. When a forest is in the early stages of succession, i1 grows aggressively. using up great amounl.'i of energy, producing great amounts of biomass. This is known as a young forest. In the study of anthropology, a society such as ours that expands aggressively into the world is also known as a young culture. A young forest is constantly growing toward whaL is known as the climax condilion. In the climax, or old-growth. forest, the processes of growth and decay are maintained in a precise balance Lhat is sustainable indefinitely. A forest in the climax stage is considered 10 be a ma111re forest. Like a mature forest, a mmure culture emphasizes conservation of energy, makes less demands on the world around it, and is capable of continuing 1ndefini1ely in a condition of sustained equilibrium with its surrounding habitat. We, at the height of our destructive cultural adolescence. need to decide: are we going to add yet another ecosy_stem to our list of conquests, or are we going to grow into maturity as a culture ~d come once . again into balance with this beautiful land m which we are blest to live? Drawing by Rob Messick -The Editors �~LJAH JOURNAL STAFF TI IJS ISSUE: Susan Adam Patrick CJark Karen Lohr Stephen Banlett Jim llouser Mamie Muller James Rhea Chip Smith Tersh Palmer David Wheeler Manha Tree Rob Messick EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Will Ashe Bason Jack Chaney Michael Havelin Scott Bird John Creech COVER: by Rob Messick © 1990 BACK COVER illus1ra1ion by Joaquin Wlu1e Oak. a na1fre o/1he Chumash tribe of the west coast. The Chuma.sh cul/lue has all but bun destroyed- there are fl() full-blooded tribal memben, and 1he language and sp1ri1ua/ traditions hU\/t1 been lost. All 1Jra1 remains is o/ 1he old ways of the uibe is in tlu! art tradilion, which Joaquin and a few others carry on. Joaquin and his family are currently li1•ing ln Black /.fountain. NC. PUBLISHED BY: Katt'talr Jo11ntal PRTI\'TED BY: The WayneSVtlle Mo11nrai11eer Press ED!ffiRIAl. OffJCE THIS ISSUE: The Globe Valley WRITF US AT: Kattial: Joumal Box 638; Lcices1er, NC; Kaiuah l'rovincc 28748 TEI EPllOl'l:E: (70-i) 754-6097 Kaniah Jaurnal is on Skyland BBS, Asheville, NC. For infonnation, call (70-i) 254-6700. THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIORECION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE /Jere 1n the southern-most hear1/and of the Appalachian mou11tains, the oldest mounUJin range on our continent, Turtle Island· a small but growing group has begun to 1alte on a sense of responsibility for the implications of tha1 geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of rcsp0nsibility centers on the concept of living wit/Jin the natural scale and balance of univer.ral systems and principks. Within this circle we begin by invoking tht Cherokee name " Ka11lah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountain.fund for us journal a.swell. Thr. pro»ince is indica1ed by 11s natural boundaries: the Roanolc.e Rn·u Valley to the nnrtl1; tl1e foothills of thr pit'dmont area ro the east: Yona MouMain and thr Georgia liill.t to the south; and the Tennessee Riw~r \'alley 10 the wcs1 Thc cthtoria/ priori tie.< for us are to colleet and dinemina1e informn11on and cnerJ!Y wliich J'(rtain.1 ,Tpecifica/ly /fl this region. and to foster tltr.11...,wenr.ss tlt111 the land is a living bdng dcsl'rving of our lo»c and respect. LMng in this manner is a way 10 ins1ue the .mstainabiliry of the bio.fpht:re and a /a.wns: p/au for aurstfrc.f in its continuing tva/111t0nary proctss. We sum to luwe reached thi: fulcrum {'<Jint ofa· do or die si111at1on in terms of a quality .ttandard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a \'CJ/CC for the rautllUrs o/ tht1 sacred land, K111"'1h, we advocate a rrnttrcd approach 10 th.: conupt of dccen1raliza11on. !1 i.f our hope to become a suppc•rt sy.flem for thou accepting the challenge o/ .fu.flainab1/iry and 1he crca11on <if lwrmony and balance in a total scMe, hetc in this place. \l'e we/rotrU! all correspondence, criticism. pertinent information, a.rticlcs. artwork, tic. w11h hopes tlrat Kattlah will grow to scr1•e the best 111urem of this rtgion and all ils li\•ing. breathing trU!mhers. .~ • The Edi1ors p-' H D1vcrs1l) 1s an tm(IOl'l:lnl dcmcnl of l:>1oreg1onul ecology, both natural and social. In line w11h lh1s prmcipk. tho: J.'atWih Journal tries to serve as a forum for the discussion of regioml JSsucs. Signed nttic k~ ~xprc!>.~ only the ormion of the authors and arc no1 ncccssar1ly the opinions or the KatWih Journal tditors or staft . The Internal Revenue Service ha~ declared Kattlnh a non·prolit organizauon under sccuon 501(<:)(3) of the Internal Revenue Cod.:. All contributions to Kat"'1h are dedoc11blc from personal income uu. 'LNVOCA.T'LON The Wonder of lhc World Nature's Beauty and Power. The shape of things Their colors. lights. and shades. 111esc r saw. Look ye also while life lasts. - InscrlpUon on an old English gravestone ~ KATU~RlN·1Ht·YEf\~- 2022.? Cart.oon b) Rob Messick .. . Summrr, 1990 �CARRYING CAPACITY by David Wheeler ln 1944 a small island in Alaska was stocked with 24 reindeer. There had been no reindeer previously on the island, and 1hc animals had no natural predators. Lichens and other na1ural foods were plentiful and 1he reindeer prospered. They prospered ro the extent that by r963 there were 6,000 of the animals inhabi1ing the island. By then the island was badly overgrazed, and the severe snowstonns tha1 s1ruck the area that winier decimated the herd. By the winter's end there were only 42 reindeer left, only one of them a male. all of 1hem probably sterile from nu1ri1ion deficiency, living in a badly degraded environment. This small tragedy was recorded by David R. Klein in the Journal of Wildlife Managemem. It is known today as a classic case of the consequences of violating 1he carrying capacity of a defined habitat area. The moral for 1he wildlife managers reading the story was that the reindeer herd should have been managed to stay below a maximum density of five reindeer per square kilometer, a level that 1he island could have supported indefinitely. In the natural world, when a species exceeds the carrying capacity of 11s given habitat, if it canno1 expand its niche, then 1ha1 species sufferi; a dicback, usually from starvation, until its numbers once again drop back wi1hin the limits or its habitat's carrying capacity. Although we recognize the idea of carrying capacity, we are reluctant to admit its relevance to our own species. The concep1 arose from the observations of ecologists. who apply i1 as a mauer of course to any popula1ion being "managed" to fit into a particular human-dcfmed habitaL But even though we have reached the geographic and resource limits of the globe and human habitat is now limhed as well, we still hcsi1ate 10 apply the concept of carrying capacity 10 our own kind. There is a myopic assump1ion that somehow our own selves are exemp1 from this natural law 1hat applies to every species in Creation. The na1ural area in which to calculate carrying capacity is the bioregion, as the bioregion is the basic uni1 of habitation, for the human as well as 01her species. It is relatively uncomplicated to estimate the carrying capacity for plant and animal species once their habiiat needs are known. In nature all creatures are closely linked 10 their habitat and when one crucial clement of 1heir life support system is ovenaxed, usually food or water, the species begins to experience dicback. It is Summer, 1990 characteris1ic tha1 overpopulated animal species, like the unfortuna1e reindeer herd on St. Mauhcw Island, usually degrade 1heir local environment 10 some extent, sometimes irreversibly, as they anempt to scrape out the last shreds of sustenance before the population is pruned back 10 sustainable levels. The role of a predator species is co srrenglhen lhe gene pool of their prey and 10 keep the population of 1he prey species within the limi1s of carrying capacity, preventing this environmental degradation. The classic equation for figuring the impact of a human socie1y is: population size x 1mpac1 of technology =effect on the habitat. These factors are modified by the spiritual and ecological altitudes of 1he socie1y. This equa1ion is no1 useful in arriving at specific number values, but rather it illustrates relationships. II tells us, for example, that a slight rise in population among the people of Turtle Island has a much greater impact on the planetary environment than a large rise in population in most Third World counties because of the garganiuan appe1ite of our energy-iniensivc technology. Human industrial technology has complica1ed the idea of carrying capacily as it applies to our own species. A habi1a1's carrying capaci1y can be s1ressed either by over-occupation, by excessive resource extraction, or by waste disposal overload. Modem society, supported by our high-intensity technology, can stress a regional habitat by the sheer volume of resources i1 consumes, by simply monopolizing much of the available space, by turning out more waste than natural systems can process, or by 1uming out wastes so exo1ic or so toxic 1ha1 digesting organisms cannot assimifate them. Mos1 imponamly, however, we humans have learned how to reach beyond our own bioregions to import resources necessary for life. Early human beings were dependent on their immediate bioregion and the well-being of the other species with which they shared iL Today we can exhaust the resources of one region and then put off the ecological consequences of our ill-use by en1ering another region and ex1racting from there the resources to maintain, or even to expand, our bloa1ed levels of consumption. Each time we reach beyond the bounds of our own bioregions to find 1he materials to suppon life or to dispose of our waste products, we drain the vitality of the victimized region and bring hardship 10 all its inhabitants - plant, animal, nnd human. We also are able 10 extend our reach through rime. By drawing off fossil fuels deposited in pas1 millennia, we have boosted our numbers and our rares of resource consumption to extravagant levels, c~ting an ecological debit that will be lef1 for coming generations 10 pay. For example, energy-intensive industrial agricuhurc is "mining" soils, causing severe long-tenn degradation by forcing them to feed much greater numbers of people and animals than their capabilities allow. Another example is our fossil fuel wastes, which for centuries will remain toxic momenioes of the brief flowering of industrialism. While we have all the fun, our dcscendents will have to resolve all the long-term problems crea1ed by our energy bonanza. It lends a sense of urgency to 1he ques1ion of carrying capacit)' when we realize that we are driving 100 species per day into extinction and habitats world-wide are constantly being degraded by our Himprovcments." We seem quite willing to sacrifice the existence of any other species, even the greatest and grandes1, rather than relinquish even 1he slightest aspect of our prodigal lifestyle. When we drive other life forms to extinction, clearly we have gone too far. ln doing this we not only diminish the present world; we threaten the planet's evolutionary future. Carrying capacity is not the only balance to which we have to pay attention in this world, but for the purposes of evaluating our success as a species, it is a most useful one. Predator species have (continued on next page) JGQtimh ) 01unm p1a9e 3 �Photo by Doug Woodward CARRYING CAPACITY (conunucd from p. 3) instinct~al popul~tion. controls that help them keep t~e1r.~pulauons m ~ance ':""ith their prey • temtonahty, no maung during lactation periods, long gestarion times. In some cases infant monality rates are helped by adult males wh? will kill and eat young cubs in their temtory. Predators "know" somewhere in their make-up that il is to their advantage to keep their populations Jean and spare. Humans seem to have retained this sense of survival while living as nomadic and semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers. Tribal people had a variety of contraceptive melhods: herbal magical, and ritual. ln some tribes wome~ would nurse their children into their founh and fifth year, thus decreasing fertility. In some hunting societies when times were hard, mothers would sometimes bury a child rather than let it live to face possible slow starvation. Even nomadic hunting societies had unspoken, but clearly defined, boundaries to their wandering. Primitive people bowed to the nece~ities imposed by their role as a predator species. The development of agriculture is marked as a turning point in our conception of ourselves. Agriculture allowed much denser le~els of population, and a large number of children per family became a desirable goal in most agricultural societies, as it meant help in I.he fields and a buffer against the high infant monality engendered in the more densely populated, unsanitary agricultural villages. It is accepted as a general rule that when peoples tum to agriculture, their populations shoot up. However, on Turtle Island agricultural/hunting societies contradicted that rule. ~ere in the Southern Appalachian Mountams che Cherokee Indians maintained balanced numbers in chis region of abundant resources for many generations. The Hopi, the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) tribes, and the Man~an repf7sented other native people:> who pracuc:ed agnculture yet kept their population levels in tune with the ability of their regions to provi~e. It ~s t><?ssible to have resources enough and soll ma.mlalll a balance with the land. Recent archaeological finds show that Neolithic agricultural societies in Europe also JGcitUah Jourt;'QL ~Cl~, 4 had achieved that balance. However, the Inda-European nomads who conquered the continent never learned that an. Europe was already filled to overcrowding when Columbus opened up the New World for exploration at the end of the fifteenth century. The Black Plague had diminished the population somewhat, but it had quickly recovered. There was not land enough for all, so under the primogeniture system fathers gave their holdings to their oldest son and the younger sons went viking , to the Crusades, or to the monastery. They saw I.he world as theirs to plunder. Immigration to the New World vented the building population pressure in Old Europe and postponed the dire predictions of Malthus in the late eighteenth century concerning the miseries of a land overcrowded beyond its carrying capacity. Conditioned by life in the Old World, the white immigrants coming to Tunic lsland saw the. cont~ent in terms of opponunity: economic capual, untouched resources, and productive land - opponunity, in other words ' for exploitation. Today, with world population at five and one-quaner billion and the population on this contin_ent.at 420.100.000, returning to Carrying capac11y 1s, more than ever, a necessary goal. Yet the etruc of today is "growth." Growth is seen as being synonymous wilh prosperity. But when cells grow without heed to the needs of the greater organism, this is called "cancer." And this is precisely the nature of industrial society in the world today. We need to regain the predator's sense. As a species, panicularly here in I.he Southern Appalachians. we need to reverse the growth et~1c. and restore the balance. If we are not living wnhin the bounds of sustainability for our own bioregion. then we are leeching energy from other people and other species in other bioregions or from the non-human species of our own reJ?;ion. For 500 years on this continent the dominant influence has been to direct our energy outward. to change the world to meet our perceived wants and needs. We are now realizing that we are not greater than the world, that we are part of the world. With that realization comes responsibility. Now the wsk is to change ourselves and our society to fit the demands of the Greater Life, specifically life as we find it in our respective bioregions. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to set aside large areas where native species can find a home and the narural processes prevail. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to curb our appetites ("Live simply that others may simply live."). It is imperative that we use all appropriate methods to limit our numbers. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to c:ease. the productio~ of all slowly-degrading rad1oacuve and 01herw1se toxic materials. Once pr<>?uced, they inevitably end up in the life chain, and the destructive influence of their poisons accumulates in the body of the Eanh. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to honor and show respect for the process of death as well as for 1he process of birth. Although the fact is masked by the of latter day civilization, we are JUSt as dependent on our regions as our earliest forebears. As stated above, bioregions are the basic unitS of habitation. They are our sphere of influence, o~r gift and our challenge. We may venture out mto the world, but our bioregion is always "home." When we are willing to recognize our limits, we wilJ find them clearly stated in the life offered by our biorcgion~ ~omogeneity ~ JAJI. ADDITIOS A EASURE OF PROGRESS ~~ Phow counesy or lhe N&1 Ri- Fru Prus Su.m,mer, 1990 �SETTING LIMITS TO GROWTH: ANINTERVIEWWITHDR.GARYMILLER KaJ(talz Journal: How does carrying capacity work in nature? Gary Miller: The limits of a habitat's carrying capacity for any given species come into play during what 1 call the "pinch period," when one of the basic factors of that species' life support - available food, proper conditions for reproduction, growth space, water, etc. - becomes a limiting factor. A species will reach carrying capacity when one of these limiung factors stops population growth or causes population decline. To carry that over to the human population, we are now seeing clearly that certain areas - like Central Africa - are having a very difficult time feeding themselves. Many pans of the United States are now running out of water, so water availability is becoming a critical limiting factor. There is no doubt that there is a whole series of limiting factors that are going to affect human carrying capacity, whether in terms of a region or in cenns of the planet. We don't know what the planet's ultimate carrying capacity for human beings is. It's highly variable according to the different parameters at work in different regions of the world. Some ecologists are saying that the human population is double the planet's long-tellll carrying capacity for our species. In other words, the true biological, long-term, sustainable carrying capacity for the people this planet can support is presumably somewhere in the 2 1/2 billion range. We arc now approaching five and one-quaner billion people. KJ: Having fossil fuels available really complicates it. GM: The fossil fuels that we are now extracting allow us to exceed carrying capacity, because they offer an artificial way to support great numbers of humans. However, that energy supply is finite. Natural gas and oil will run out in the near future. Coal will probably last some 200-400 years in the United States. If we were 10 lose these fuel sources immediately, it \\'OU Id cause all sorts of misery for the human population, because vinually all the methods we in the West use to grow our food and create our extrnvagant creature comfons arc based on fossil fuels. Food production, one of the most important issues defining carrying capacily for humans, is clearly now a function of fossil fuel subsidies in the developed countries. We live in a world agricultural economy based entirely upon readily available and relatively cheap sources of fossil fuels. The orange juice produced in Brazil, the apricots and strawbemes produced in Spain. or the couon products grown in Egypt can be shipped any place around the globe in a very shon period of time. Water from the mountains of Nevada irrigates produce grown in the San Joaquin VaUey of California. But try to accomplish that when fossil fuel supplies are exhausted! That's when the real issue of carrying capacity will be felt and understood by our species. KJ. Also for human beings. the qucsuons of values comes into it, too. Right now we are continuing our own support at the standard to which we are accustomed by sacrificing other species' life suppon systems, thereby driving them to extinction. GM: Based on our present population numbers and level of resource consumption, we are basically incompatible. We have a tendency to monoculture virtually everything, and once we take out the native grasslands, the native upland forests, and wetlands and replace them with monocultures, about the only thing that can survive are the plants and the animals that are broad generalists and a few parasites and predators that thrive off of those monoculture species. KJ: How about in the mountains? Arc there ways in which it is evident that we are violating our region's carrying capacity? GM: One thing 1 think of right away i~ the _rapi.d rat~ of loss of flatlands the mosc suitable farmland 10 this b1oregton. Those bouoml~nds are also prime areas for industrial and Summe~, t 990 • Phoio by Rodney Webb commercial s11e development, which means shopping malls and all the things associated with malls and strip development. Concentrated housing is also going up on relatively flat land. The best farm lands available should be set aside for farming so that we can support ourselves if and when we find ourselves in a pinch period. If our supply lines are ever cut, whether because of a war. or because we run out of fossil fuel energy, or because of a natural disaster, we will have to rely on our ability to produce food locally. But much of our prime farm land is going under pavement and building structures, never to be reclaimed. For all intents and purposes, that land is lost forever, and with that land we have lost our ability lO cope should any of these hypothetical disasters actually occur. Mu~h of the bouomland habitat has disappeared, and as a result na11vc plant and animal populations have declined. Very few mountain wetlands exiSt today. I question the quality of our present political leadership. It seems like we need to call a moratorium on growth. There needs to be time set aside to plan for the future. We need to plan now how we are going to accommodate all species' survival. How many people can we accommodate here before we do irreparable harm t0 our support ecosystems and to the natural biota? KJ What would be the most effective way to put a moratorium on growth? GM: One of lhe ways is for the citizenry to demand it. That isn't likely to happen. Another way would be for the lcad~hip of the community to call for it, realizing, in their wisdom, that we live within finite systems. Another way is simply to not extend the ~ecessary infrastructure services - such things as roads, electnc power, water, and sewer. KJ: Those items are presently thought of as services, but they act in a much more aggressive way. Simply having those layers of infrastructure in place guarantees growth. GM: Absolutely. If you want an area to grow and dev~lop. extend water lines, streets, power, and sewer. and ll 1s guaranteed to develop. There was an article in the Asheville Citizen on March 7, 1990 that told how the Asheville City Council approved a subdivision by a 4-3 vote despite testimony from the fire department stating that they would not be able to ~uarantee fire protection to that development, be<:ause the slope 1s too steep to get the fire trucks up under icy conditions. What the city council said was. "We want to keep growing." �What the leadership should be saying is, "If we can't protect the people who would be living there, then the developers shouldn't be building there." I think that in this case our leaders were shirking their responsibility and cenainly not looking out for the general public's best interestS. KJ: But on the other hand, not having the infrastructure in place effectively prohibits growth ... GM: ...Or at least keeps it at a very low density, because most developers are going to be wary of developing a large project where they can't be guaranteed infrastructure. Kl: So the infrastructure has a pivotal role as far as the extent of development. GM: Yes. One of the biggest problems we now have in Asheville, NC where I hve, is is the controversy around extending the water supply infrastructure. The first choice of the city leadership was tapping the French Broad River. For various reasons the public said no. If the voters were to say forcefully, ''No, we don't want a new water supply, let's make do with what we have," saying in other words that conservation should be a first priority, that would put a crimp in long-term growth here. The same thing is true for the sewer system. The sewer lines are continually being extended. We have hundreds of miles of pipeline that arc in critical disrepair, with leaks showing in different locations throughout the city and the county, and still the only time the administration ever hesitates to extend the sewer lines is when the state threatens them with a lawsuit saying, "You already have too many leaks in that area and the manhole covers are popping out whenever it rains. You can't possibly extend." So the city calls an emergency meeting, and they give a million-dollar contract, rush in and repair the immediate problems, and then they can extend the line and add more houses in that area. They repair the sewer system just enough so that they can go further out, which stresses it all over again. Kl: Then the new power lines that Duke Power Co. is going to put through the counties south of here is not just a neutral kind of thing. GM: Any time you extend any major form of infrastructure, it cannot be defined as neutral. Any time those services are punched through, they definitely tend to promote growth. KJ: In the mountains one of the most imponant types of infrastructure is roads, because in the mountains access is always one of the major limiting factors. When access is gained to an area, that means that the people come, and as the access improves and becomes easier, that brings more people. It happens very consistently Wt as soon as there is access, the maximum number of people come in. GM: Absolurely. It's creeping incrementalism. Everyone assumes that this linle road here or that little activity there really doesn't make any difference. But this occurs hundreds or thousands of times every single day in any given region, and when one translates it to a world-wide scale, one can see that we are forcing lms of organisms and the habitats that are required to suppon them into siruations that are life-threatening. There are 5 1/4 billion humans out there; each of them, every day, has some son of effect on the environment.We all make decisions that are in our own best interests. We rarely think in terms of the best in1eres1s of the woodpecker, the salamander, 1he migrating songbird, or the oak tree; yet all the creatures of the forests and of the waterways perform critical activities that benefit us both directly and indirectly. Kl: In this region the major effects of roads would be to ei1her increase the density of human beings in certain areas or to bring human beings into areas that were previously uninhabited. GM: An example is the proposed Route I-26, which is to link Asheville with a Tennessee state highway to Johnson City. AU of the areas through which this new route will pass are going to experience a period of extremely rapid expansion, simply because they are going to be accessible to an estimated 12,000 vehicles a day. Any time a major interstate is put through a rural area where there is relatively low-priced land available, there is a likelihood that someone is going to buy up land for industrial and commercial development. There will be a lot of strip development and probably small mini-industrial parks will sprout up along the route. As a result, an increase in air pollution will occur as nicrogen oxide, a precursor for tropospheric (low altitude) ozone formation, is formed by all the passing vehicles. We now know that low-level ozone is a major toxicant to plant Life in the Southern Appalachians. But of course that is what the growth and development people m this area are willing to settle for. They are willing to sacrifice a high quality environment for a middle quality environment The wisdom of that approach is highly debatable. Someone looking at the long-term sustainability of all species, not just the human species, quickly comes to the conclusion wt we just can't keep growing indefinitely in an area that has such very special features. To my mind the Southern Appalachian Mountains need to be recognized as the highest kind of bio-rescrve, as opposed to just another location for industrial and commercial development. The mountains have exceptional physical and biological traits. Large sections of the moumain habitat should be set aside as a major genetic reserve area. There should be guarantees that this special bioregion is not subdivided into a thousand small biological islands surrounded by human developments and the resulting pollutants. (continued on page 21) GM: A big boom occurred here as a result of the opening of the 1-40 interstate. It was a coast-to·coast route that brought thousands of new people through this area each week. many of whom found the Southern Appalachians to be delightful and decided that in some form or other they were going to come back here and spend more time. Many of them have returned to visit, and many of them have in fact moved here as permanent residents. KJ: That principle works on all levels. l-40 meant that more people came into the region. a road going up into a new cove or hollow means that there will be an innux of people into that hollow, and a road going out into 1he national forest, means that more people use that pan of the forest. G.\f: Any rime we humans can open up access, sooner or later people are going to use it. and that leads to increased use of the area where that road has been added. KJ· So stopping roads and roadbuilding would be an imponant pan of limiting human territorial expansion. JGal.Uah JourrmL PR9& 6 Su.f!\ma-, 1990 �WHAT IS OVERPOPULATION? Reflections on China and Karuah by Stephen Bartlett My Chinese friend had jus1 arrived m Madison, Wisconsin in order to spend a year s1udying English. He was hom~ick and in culture shock. If I had no1 spent two years wilh him in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. the People's Republic of China, 1he commen1 he made 1hat warm July evening would have been completely incomprehensible 10 me. We were sitting on a lakeside pier when a family of ducks came circling around overhead in the pink dusk and splashed down into the wa1er nearby, a stone's throw from the towering University waterfront Chen broke the silence with this innocent question: "Whose ducks are those?'' After a stunned silence, I managed to reply "Nobody owns them. They are wild ducks." My words plunged Chen into a deep contemplation. Finally, be said, "How marvelous! Bui who will eat them?" Behind this cross-culmral schism there lies both tragedy and hope. For China is not only a land where humans have devastated Nature, but also a place where people have learned some profound ecological lessons ~nd p_u_t them int? practice.. Ah.hough the 240 million human beings mhabmn~ ~e United States 1s su_ll a s~all number compared to China's 1,080 m1 lhon, we have a per capita environmental impac1 somewhere in the range of 40-60 times 1hat of a common Chinese person due to our s1unningly "afnuent" culture. We have been on 1his inherently rich conuncnt only a very short time in Chinese tenns, yet we have already managed to lay waste ro a vast area of our land and deplete resources at astonishing speed. What then can the Chinese teach us to allow us to avoid the terrible des01Jcoon they have experienced over the centuries? Can we live beuer wii~ less, live more fully on a smaller scale, live more humbly in our bodies and on our lands? Jiangsu Provin~e is a sophisticated humanized landscape. There where deer ~nc~ frohcked perhaps two thousand years ago, 77 million people_ now live 1n a well-watered'. canal-irrigated alluvial plain the size of Georgia, on the ba~ks of che Hum and Yangtse Rivers. Seventy-five per cem of th~ pe~ple live on uny rural plots of less than one acre per family: the rest hve m crowded, bicycle and coal-powered cities encircled by dense seulcmentS of truck gardeners who supply nil lhe produce the city will consume. Despite a dense population, the rural landscape is relatively diverse ecologically, and almost entirely edible. Rice grown by hand in paddies is irrigated by canals and ditches swarming wich fish which in tum feed Oocks of domesticated ducks and geese who supplement Lhe rice/tofu diet of the humans whose wastes arc returned to the fields, which yield bountiful harvests of grains. beans, oils and vegetables, whose leftovers go 10 the family pigs. Travelling bee keepers migrate northward in spring as the flowering trees blossom. reaping honey harvests and cross-fcnilizing the crops and fruits along the way. Water buffalo wallow in canals in summer and huddle behind hay stacks in winter and resolutely turn the soil the rest of the time. They endure extremes of temperature and live on both water plants and dry land foods, making their upkeep easier. Wild birds are sometimes trapped, and the bountiful rivers are fished for the protein foods they can provide. Sunflower seeds arc munched by the ton in movie theaters and the husks arc used as mulch the next day. Occasional woodlots and windbreak trees between fields and along roads improve the microclimate, reduce erosion, and supply wood produc1s for tools and other uses. Almost nothing is wasted, but almost everything is put to human use. Where we lived in Yangzhou--a small city by Chinese standards wi1h its 350,000 odd mhab11ants, life was made bearable and even frutiful due to these charac1eristics of the Chinese lifes1yle: 1) Bicycles arc the main source of transport and local shipping. Air pollurion and noise from vehicles is minimized. People are fit. Stephen Ban.km in a field in China 2) All. of the myriad vcgetnbles. fish, eggs. tofu and meat arc purchased directly from the farmers themselves who, hv10g within a 2 mile radius of street markets, make their way by pedal power. Thus, Lhc food distribution system is extremely efficient and avoids Lhc use of fossil-fuels. 3) Farmers rely mainly on human wastes for fertilizing (ir being the most abundant source!). They double as sanitation workers by collecting all the "night soil" in "honey buckets", caning it to their fields to sit in holding pits, and using 11 on their crops, most of which will in tum be consumed by the city folk. The quality and tas1e of the food was cxcelleni, as was the variety. The only drawback is the danger of the spread of diseases such as hepatitis, a danger avoided mainly with the technique of quick and hot stir frying of foods in fuel-efficient woks. 4) Shoppers go out daily carrying their purchases in straw baskets. There is very little plastic or paper waste generated. Produce sellers appear at dawn at almost every street comer in the ci1y where staples such as cabbage, noodles and tofu can be boughL 5) People maintain healthful routines. They ride or walk to their jobs which arc invariably near their homes. They arise early and enjoy afternoon naps during most of the year. 6) A sophisticated, human·shaped ecosystem has been evolved lhroughouc the countryside where many ecological niches are filled with edible creatures. Frogs and other beneficial creatures nre protected. Female fish at binhing age are thrown back. Fanners use land intensively. double cropping rice in summer and reaping a winter harvest of wheat or barley as well. Yields are on Lhe average of 2 to 3 times those of American farme~. per acre. Humans rely mainly on vegetable protein, thus enabling every acre of land to suppon at least JO people with basic grains and soybean products. Sophisticated crop rotations are standard practise. 7) People do not bum fuels to keep warm in winter but tum to high energy foods such as pork fat. and many layers of flannel underwe:ir. Even goose down stuffed co:tts and pants are common in rur.il as well as urban areas. Air pollution from burning diny coal is thus minimi~d. (Note: in the bitter cold of nonh China, coal burning is common and is cause for terrible air pollution.) Lest we anempt to idealize the Chinese way of life, we must be awttre that they have arrived at such an ecological and egalitarian lifestyle only after laying waste to much of their land, especially in the vast Yellow River Valley in nonhem China, the cradle of early Chinese civilization. So ~at has the destruction been that the majestic Yellow River 1hreatcns to change course yet again and is perched prccariouslv behind dikes at a height of 9 meters above the arable plain of Shandong Province. It is kept m check only through the continual effom of millions of man-days work to constantly reinforce the dikes with soil dredged from the mouth of the River! (conunucd oo pace 30) Summ£T, t9!JO Xlituah Journal pa!JC 7 �THE ROAD GANG: PORT RAIT OF A STATE TRANSPORT AT ION DEPARTMENT by Rob Barron During the Depression years, when local governments were going bankrupt, and the economic fabric of the state was coming unravelled. the s1a1e government of North Carolina, in order to keep the road system solvent and functioning, took over all the counry roads and all the major city roads in the state. Since that time, vinually every major road in the state has been under the domain of the Nonh Carolina Depanment of Transportation (DOT), a proud and arrogant bureaucracy that wields great political and economic power. The DOT is responsible for maintaining, and expanding when necessary, North Carolina's 76,000 mile road system. The DOT executes the will of the state Board of Transponation. The Board numbers 25 of the most powerful people in the state. Board member~ include pre~idems of trucking companies, an execuuve of a billboard company, construction executives, and one woma~, the daughter of a family that develops shopp10g centers. They are all politically prominent and won their appointments to the Board through their valuable contributions of money. and influence to the governor's political campaigns. These are the people who make the transponation decisions for Nonh Carolina. To have control over roads is to have political leverage within the state government. The DOT has an enormous budget. It has a dedicated source of revenue and does not have to come back to the legislature every year to plead for a budget and submit its workings to legislative scrutiny. And DOT funds are discretionary, meaning that the Board has complete control over how they arc spent. Thus road funds also act as political capital. Lobbyist Bill Holman, who works in Raleigh on behalf o f the Nonh Carolina Chapter of the Sierra Club and the Conservation Council of North Carolina, says that, "Paving somebody"s road, or widening somebody's road, or opening up somebody's propeny with a road ~s one of the wa>'.s tha_t a governor can help out h1s supponers. It is a rune-honored practice in North. Carolina politics, spanning both Democrauc and Republican administrations. The building of highways is the single biggest pot of discretionary pork barrel in the state budget and it is almost tota ll y under the control of the governor and his appoin tees. .. 'They are into more Political wheeling and dealing than any other agency J know. The amount of money and the amount of discretion they wield is truly incredible. It's an unbelievable hassle for the Division of Parks and Recreation to spend several hundred thousand dollars renovating a park - and it probably should be that way, so that there is some accountability for how public funds are spenL But go over to the Highway Dcparunent. and there is an enormous amount of wheelin" and dealing going on involving projects i~ which millions of dollars are at stake. "I don't think that there is much out-and-out, undcr·the-table, illegal corruption involved. There is a 101 of what I call "legal corrup1ion," which is not illegal, but ii sure Xatunn Jotnnal'. pnlJi: 8 does stink. There is a lot of politics in the paving of roads. The location of a road determines that some people make moot. on land use speculation and others don't. Paving contractors, the people that mine 1he rock, consulting engineers, all those people wire themse.lves into the political process with campaign contributions. There's a lot of patronage in the DOT. So, although it's not illegal, let me just say that I'm not convinced that it's public money well spent." "I've worked wi th the Forest Service before. and the DOT makes the Forest Service look like warm, fuzzy teddy bears." - Bill Holman, Sierra Club lobbyist The Board of Transportation's greatest power is control over the future of development m the state. In Nonh CnroJina, it is fairly easy to get a septic tank permit, a well permit, and a building pennit. The state is notorious for its lack of zoning regulations. Thai means lha1 the only barrier to development is siting a road. Since the counties lost control of their local road systems, virtually all road decisions go through the B~ai:d of Transportation. Local county comm1ss1oners may, however, request changes in their county's priority roads list, and the DOT almost always accepts their amendments. It is easy 10 see why roads are almost the exclusive focus of the Board of Transponation. Roads are power. Roads are money. Roads are influence. Rai I roads, public transportation programs, and energy conservation programs do not offer such personal enhancement and charisma. The DOT believes in roads. Roads make changes happen. Roads produce results. The agency takes pride in doing itS job, laying the pavement so that people can drive their cars and trucks to get there faster, wherever they want to go. They are engineers. Their task is to find the shonest distance between two points. But the agency also sees itself as the the facilitator of economic development. 11 is a strongly-held myth that highways bring prosperity. Around the State House m Raleigh it is almost axiomatic that, "~o~ds mean jobs." This is a corollary of the prm?1ple .that, 'Gro~tb is good" - growth almost mvanably meanmg the conventional model of industrial factories and shoppmg malls. Since "growth is good," the DOT sees no" reason why local governments should have plans m place before new highways are laid ~own. :ro the _DOT, urban sprawl isn't ugly and inefficient, tt s growth. And if developers are geui.n~ rich because the people's tax money subs1d1zes the sewers. w:1ter, and roads for their projects, why. the people should be grateful. llley arc gettmg growth. As an agency. the DOT seems to think of the environment as something that has to be moved aside to get a road through. The National Environmental Policy Act and the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act now require environmental assessments and in some cases more thorough environmental impact statements for highway projects. ll still is a :;truggle, however, to get the DOT to follow environmental regulations. Road construction has massive direct ~ffec1s on the land. ~t best,. a new highway involve~ eart~·mo.v1ng, soil turning and compacuon, obbterauon of trees and other native vegetation, fragmentation of forest habitat, and of course habitat displacement in favor of the usual pavement and grass highway landscape. At worst, rondbuilding involves all this plus stream siltation, filling of wetlands, and destruction of rare and endangered habitats. But unquestionably the most destructive aspect of highway construction is the increased human use and inevitable permanent devel.oement that moves in along every road once 11 IS in place. An interesting dichotomy occurs here. Jn selling their road plans, politicians and DOT of!icials trumpet the amount of development that will follow once road construction is completed. They wax eloquent about the new factories. malls, homes, and additional people the new road will bring. Once the road plan is adopted, however, and it is time to prepare the environmental assessments and impact statements, that same development becomes completely insignificant. It is a "secondary impact," implying that it is not at all of primary imponance, and the public is assured that this project (whichever project is under discussion) has been carefully planned to have little effect on the local environment. Jn the language of the DOT, that same developmen t that will have such a tremendous ecomomic impact on the community wiJl be only a speck on t~e local landscape, hardly enough to menuon. Up Aga inst a D·9 'Dozer Environmentally-concerned citizens have found the DOT to be an obstinate agency to deal with, especially as the Depanment considers real estate developers and contractors to be their special constituency. Holman says, "I've worked with the Forest Service before, and the DOT makes the Forest Service look like warm, fuzzy teddy bears. The DOT is a relatively arrogant agency. It is an agency that is used to getting its way. It is an agency that is convinced that it is right, and it doesn't take kindly to environmentalists or anyone else proposing alternatives or criticizing a particular route. So far, we have had very little success in working with the DOT. They have had so much clout, they haven't needed to negotiate." I low the DOT comes to have such clout is apparent in the story of the Highway Trust Fund, the $8.8 billion highway construction bill that the Nonh Carolina legislature passed nearly unanimously in 1989. Eugene Brown. a political activist from (contmucd on ncit p>.gl') Summer, I 990 �THE HIGHWAY TO NOWHERF. 1he Durham area, tells 1he s1ory of the Highway Trust Fund legislation: "Jt was an example of the old saying I.hat there are two things thar you should not watch being made: sausage and state laws. It epitomized the pork-barrel approach to enacting legislation. "When the legislators arrived in Raleigh last year, most of them knew I.hat there would be some type of a highway bill. Governor Manin h~d promised that there would be a highway bill. (Speaker of the House} Mavretic wanted it, along.with some other key legislators. So they esrablished a Highway Study Commission. This commission traveled throughout the state and held a long series of public meetings, basically with the Chamber of Commerce people, elected officials, developers, and bankers. The commission came and basically said, "Well, do you need any new roads here?" "What do you think the response is going to be from folks who fi1 into any of those categories? h's going to be, 'Sure, we need some new roads!' The Highway Study Commission turned into a "gimme" session. h was almost like asking fraternities if they wanted free beer or asking the Pentagon if it needed any new weapons. ."During the course of this study, very few questJons arose about economic priorities, cost/benefit ratios, alternatives to automobiles, or mass transit. The politicians wanted new roads, and they used the Highway Study Commission to instigate what they called "grassroots suppon" - but basically it was big money support. "Once the Highway Study Commission report was in, the leading politicians came back 10 their colleagues in the I louse and the Senate and said, "We need this road bill." So someone from Charlotte said. 'Well. 1 know that you need a few roads down east. but what can you do for me?' and someone else said, 'What can you do for me up in Winston-Salem?' "It was a mushroom effect. ft blossomed, not like nowers, like weeds. The strategy that ""'.as used to pass this bill was a very simple one: give everyone what they want. And that's exactly what happened - everyone got promised everything they wanted." . Almost all of North Carolina's legisla1ors capitulated to the power of the growth ethic, and the $8.8 billion Highway Trus1 Fund was adop1ed wi1hou1 any serious opposition on the noor. Stalling the Machine Bill Holman secs some hope in legislative slrategies 1hat can chip away at the roads package. "Remember," he says, "that one legislature cannot bind another, and legislators often change their minds, especially when they hear from their constituents." Even if the DOT received all the $8.8 billion allotted for roads, it would still be impossible LO build all the roads listed in the bill. And getting all $8.8 billion may be a problem. The state government is already $419 million overdrawn on its budget. All the other depanmcnts of the state government arc feeling the pinch and may begin to hover around the smell of pork fat coming from the Highway Buildinl? in Raleigh. ln i1s eagerness 10 build roads, the DOT is itself falling behind in its own maintenance program and may have 10 divert construction funds to care for roods already built. Ed Harrison. Transponation Chair for the NC Conservation Council and the NC Sierra Club chapter. says that one lesson 10 be learned i~ vigilance. He emphasizes that transponation planning is a long·term process, going in seven steps from conccpl, to proposal, 10 planning, to Traveling slowly along a winding secondary road I 0 miles from the town of Robbinsville, North Carolina, drivers are often surprised when they come upon a major highway development that leaves the small county route and strikes off into the far mountains. They have stumbled onto the entrance to The Highway to Nowhere. h is also known as the Tellico Plains-Robbinsville Road. It extends '>i7 mil"S through the Nant;ihala l'\ational forest bet\\ ccn the two towns, one in Monroe County, Tennessee and the other in Graham Count\', Nonh Carolina. The tWO•l:tnc highway runs on a wide, graded ro:idbed that cuts through terrain that is steep, wild, and dangerous, disruptini: n remote habitat area I.hat was once a sanc:tuary-for the most reclusive of native wildlife. It is a road that should never have happened. From its very beginning the project "as ill-advbt:d, and its history is one of destruction that has become more Wld more expensive each s1ep along its route. The road was begun in the nurry of public works spending during the War on Poveny years. Residents of the two towns requested the road, dramatizing their appeal with a wagon train from Tellico Plains 10 Murphy, Nonh Carolina 10 show the distance they had to travel. The projec1 was authorized in 1962 to be cons.tr~cted by the F~der~I Highway Adm1n1strauon (FHA) as n 'scenic highway to spur economic development in the two towns." Construction began on both ends of the road in 1965. On the Nonh Carolina side 4.6 miles of pavement were laid up Santeetlah Gap along what is now the boundary between the Joree Kilmer.Memorial Forest and the adjoining Shckrock Wilderness Area. Work s1opped in 1969, however, wilh the passage of the National Environmental Policy Acr (NEPA), which required environmental impact SU1temen1s for major projects throu~h sensitive areas. Environmental groups successfully protested the route through an ar~a soon 10 be designated "ildemess, and a new alignment was chosen. The roadway already buih was abandoned and still can be seen. a monument to the folly of The Highway to Nowhere. Construction was resumed until 1977 when excavation in I.he Hemlock Creek-McNabb Creek drainage on the Tennessee side uncovered a deposit of pyriric rock material, which releases a highly acidic leachate that kills stream life. The short-term response was to release a 20% solution of sodium hydroxide, a highly caustic but shon-lived chemical, that raised the pH at the mouth of the creeks to 5.8. Then the pyritic rock deposits were buried under topsoil which wa~ limed and reseeded as a permaneni control measure. . li?wevcr, continued wa1er quality mon11onng revealed that, although the addition of the sodium hydroxide solution had temporarily raised pH to levels tolerable to fish nnd other stream life, as soon as these ll1:atments were stopped the rneams had become acidic again. The permanent mitigation measures had failed. (ccntilwcd on page 27) (continu<d on page 11) S\lmmn, t 990 ,........ ... �It is 3!' innocu~us-seeming Listing among the many in the thick TIP (Transportation lmproveme~t Plans) book published by the Nonh Carolina D~P!1f_tment of Transportarion (DOT): NC D1111s1on 13 .. ID number A-10..•. .30.4 miles from 1-240 in Asheville, NC to rite Ten11essee state line a1 Sam's Gap fo11r-la11e freeway, part on new /ocation ... $136,700,000 .... But these few simple_ phra~es spell more change for the mountain region. A1 present Route 19-23 leaves Asheville North Carolina as a four-lane highway on th~ way to the Tn-City area of Johnson Ci1y Kingsport, and Bristol. Tennessee. Just north of \1ars I lill the route divides. with Route 19 veering east to Burnsville, and Route 23 continuing as a two-lane road, improved with a passing_ lane on some grades, over Murray Mountain and up 10 the Tennessee state line at Sam's Gap on the Appalachian crest. On the 01her side of the mountains, 1he road winds dow!l through the Cherokee National Forest, passing t~rough massive earth-moving and road construcuon before reaching Erwin, Tennessee and 1hen continui~g <?n 10 Johnson City, Interstate 8 1, the Ohio River Valley, and points north and west. T~e 15 miles of road construction proceeding on the Tennessee side will widen the route to a four-lane all t11e way to the state line at Sam's _Gap. The Sme of North Carolina is prepanng to do the same, either by improving Route 23 along its present route (Alternative A) or by creatin g Route 1-26, a contr0lled-acces~ freeway that would rake a srraigh1ercourse from Mars Hill 10 the state line (Alternative D). Just for the sake of discussion the DOT also offers a "n<? ~uild" alternative 1ha; would leave the route as It IS. . . "Alternative A" would cos1 the state $48 null_1<?n and would cause the relocation of 77 faauhes and five businesses. "Alternative D" would _cost $64,850,000 and would require the relocanon of 52 families and six businesses. The DOT, lhe "Chambers." lhe bankers, ~e truc.kers, .. and the developers favor Al~emauve D, of C?u~. They promise 5,400 vehicles per day bnng10g money, Jobs. and goods for the backward and impoverished people of th~ moumain region. They say that Route 1-26 will open the door of opportunity for the So~thern Appalachians, connccling them more directly to the eastern population centers and the midwestem industrial centers. However, I-26 is more likely 10 open Pand~ra's mythical box of troubles. H1stor:call}'._. new roads bring increased auto polluuon, increased land prices. increased mfrns~cture taxes, and increased crime and congestion wherever they go. Most of all. however, they ~ring more people. "ow quiet rural areas. Madison and Yancey Counties will never be t~e same after the opening of 1-26 channels inter-state traffic throug h their m?untains and the side roads are upgraded and "'1dcned to ex1cnd !he development. As Ed Harrison, Transponation Chair for the NC Conservation Council and ~C Sierra Club Chapter, tells us. highway projec1s are a OPENING PANDORA'S BOX: THE I-26 PROJECT TO COLUMBUS TO CHARLESTON long time in the making. The idea of upgrading Route 23 was first proposed in 1973 in the Appalachian !-lighway Development Program. Study began m 1977 and the alternative route now touted as the 1-26 corridor was ~ecommended in 1978. The concept was stalled m the early 1980's, but interest was renewed wh~n T~nnessee began widening the corridor on ~heir. s1d~ of the state line.. Preliminary 1den11ficauon of the alternative routes now being c?mpleted. 1he .DOT is now analyzing the different a!1em~11ves. An environmental impact statement 1~ bemg prepared by the J.E. Greiner Co. of Raleigh. The final environmental impac1 statement is schedule~ 10 be completed by August, 1991. The design phase will continue until the spring of 1994, when the DOT will begin 10 acquire right of ways. Consrruction is scheduled to begin in the spring of 1996. The environmental impact of the new highway corridor would be immense. Thc:re is no such thing ru. an environmentally-sensitive four-lane highway project, and the DOT is notorious for causing sedimen1a1ion problems. The proposed 1·26 route parallels or crosse:; 15 stream~. The road plan calls for an interchange on Big Laurel Creek, known as one of the 1en best trout streams on the the French Broad river watershed. The four-lane ..., ill make a wide break i~ the Appalachian Trail at S:im's Gap. There 1s talk of a welcome center on the ridgeline of the Appalachian crest. But Appalachian Trail hikers are nor the only ones walking the mountains. The widt:ned 1-26 highway clearing will be a significant b~rrier l? migration, particularly for wide-roaming black bears. It will eliminate native forest habitat for one-half mile on either side of 1he roadway and cause further opening an~ frn~mentation of the Pisgah National Forest. which is already patchy, ragged. and poorly conncc1ed. ~Vhcn a forest is broken open by n road or other 1mrusion, interior-dwelling species 1ha1 pr.:fcr shade and larger trees lose their habitat and rerrem 10 poorer habi1at areas. They become more vu!nerable 10 more aggressive edge-dwelling creatures that take their territory and .raid th.cir food s~pplics: The gene pool declines as II becomes increasingly difficulr for shy, backcountry species to find breeding partners, because the once-extensive habital has been cut into smaller and smaller islands from which individuals find it harder and harder 10 escape. Biolo~is'ts propose various mitigation sch~mes:_ using European "bridge and tunnel" engineenng, as opposed to the traditional American "cut and fill" method. Bridges and tunnels leave natural wildlife crossings 1ha1 are safe fro~ l~e highway traffic. However, they funn~I w1ldl. fe traffic_ into lhesc few designated 1 cro.s~mg pomts, making them easy targets for wa1ung hunters. To avoid this unfair advantage hunting would have to be banned for one-half mile on either side of the roadway. Leaving c~ver and thick underbrush 10 the edge of the n!lht of way would help protect crossing am ma ls. Th~ primary problem in highwa>· c?nstrucuon, however, is what is termed by the h1ghw~y department as "secondary effects.'' Essenually, these are lhe results of human access. Because of the highway, there will be more people traveling through. More of these p~ople will stop and stay. Because of the highway, more people will move funher into !he ru:al areas of t~e counry - it will be easier to drive 1.nto the cuy 10 w~rk. Land prices will go up. srnctly because of highway access. Those who live along the 1-26 corridor now may not be able to afford to do so ten years in the future. The area may not look the same, and they may not want to live there ten years in the futu!.~· The proponents of the 1-26 plan talk of 1hc 101crchange developments" that will se.rve as_centers from which economic growth w~ll radtate ~ut 1n10 the county. They will do this; there will be convenience stores. used car lots, fa~t food restaurants, and shopping centers extending along the roads away from the 1~1erchanges in every direction. The "mterch~nge developme!1ts" will sci the pace for growth in the 1-26 comdor, and they will also set the style for growth : fast. cheap. and dependent on automotive transportation. F~land will be traded in for parking lots. and Madison and Yancey Counties will begin 10 look like every other area "along the slab." -RB~ NO BUILD® XatUah Journaf '>IMJe lO S\&mmer, 1990 �THE ROAD GANG continued rrom ~c 9 program, to final planning and design, followed by land acquisition. and then cons1ruction. He emphasizes that the first stages, concept and proposal. are where it is easiest 10 block road cons1ruc1ion: 'The planning process gets voted on by local officials, and having liason with local elected officials is really the best way to keep IJ'ack of what's going on. I find that what works is to keep them in office and tell them, 'Anything that ever happens with a road, tell us .. .' "Catch a new road early when it's just a sketch line on a map." The $8.8 billion road bill may be an expensive lesson for environmental activists and taxpayers as well. Bill Holman renects on the lesson that hopefully has been learned: "The highway bill has served 10 wake up Lhe environmentalists about the imponance of these transportation plans. We have played a very small role in the transportation debate, but trnnsponation is behind the sprawling kind of gTowth we have in North Carolina. Now the DOT has woken us up." Because the behavior patterns of deer or bear arc not likely to change greatly. it is possible 10 come up with a number which represents the carrying capacicy of of a panicular IJ'aCt of land for these and other animal species. People have much more complicated behavior and their numbers matter much less than how they choose to live. What do they eat and where does it come from? What do they wear and where does it come from? What type of buildings do they live in? What type of fuel, if any. do they bum, and what do they burn it in? Are they spread out or focalizcd in their habitation pauem? Where do they shit? What are their recreational activities? What kind of shoes do they wear? What kind of pets. if any, do they keep? Where, how, and how much do they travel? What is their water usage? What is their attitude towards wildlife? The number of people in any given area is only one ~f many variables in a carrying capacity equation. We can imagine a community of people who ride to work on bulldozers, cut trees all day, and keep a gun with them at all umes for shooting anything that moves. At night they retreat to a nuclear-powered castle and cat several pounds of songbird tongueburgers. What 1s Katuah's carrying capacity for this type of rugged individual? It is also easy to imagine tribes of people wirh a religious reverence for nature and their own place in it. Their homes and clothes are modest. Their villages are powered by the Sun and by the people themselves. Bicycles are the means of transportation. Amaranth and com Summer. 1990 "CARING CAPACITY" grown in river bottoms are the main foods. They tend huge oak and chestnut groves and share their bounty with all creatures. Their waste is recycled so that there is really no waste. What is Katuah's carrying capacity for these people? What right do we have to say?! "What is our carrying capacity for love?" is a much more relevant question. There will be n srrong tendancy to rry 10 form some simple equation such a~ "number of people x level of technology = carrying capaciry." ff rhis could be divided by level of conciousness. ic would be closer to the truth, but it leaves out the factor of land suitability, and leaves me wondering what we arc trying to prove with this son of argument anyway? Anyone we talked into leaving with this line of reasomng would be the very person we wanted 10 stay• Overdevelopment and the degradation of our natural environment is a terrifying disaster and we are so frustrated in coming up with solutions that it is very tempting to point to human numbers as the root of the problem. This is a dangerous oversimplification. It takes away our own culpability, which i~ a considerable factor in the case of everyone I know. With very few exceptions we still use cars and/or plug into the main electrical network. Few of us recycle everything possible or use recycled products in all the places which we could. Few of us, at present. use composting toilet~. Few of us grow more than a symbolic amount of our own food. Our clothes f114ly be made of cotton and wool. bur where did these fibers come from? What is sprayed on the couon? What happens to the lambs? What mills knit the fibers into cloth? We are a culture in transition. It is, in some respects. a forced march into the future in which we are panicipating. A trail of tears where our own sorrow at the plighr of our people and our planet moves us ever onward toward simpler and belier ways of living. To sit down now and cast blame on others is not a very honorable thing to do. Most of the people who are most vocally concerned with the environmental quaJity of Kauiah arc themselves transplants 10 this region. This makes it especially hypocritical for us to blame newcomers or the simple gro~th of numbers for the area's problems. We should concenlnlte instead on developing a satisfying, low impact life-style which is so atlnlCtive that it is irresistible. There is no percentage for us in ma.king people feel guilty for their existence. There is everything for us to gain in maintaining and spreading a positive vision of humans living in harmony with Earth and Spirit. As we work to raise our level of conciousness. our lifestyle becomes sustainable and our population growth stabilizes, not as a burdensome discipline, but as willing and joyous obedience to our own besr interests. , • Will Asht! Bason X.Otulih Jou~n4' pa9c l t -- �PEOPLE AND HABITAT: An Historical Overview the entire region before white comacL The native people manipulated their environment with a technology based on fire and stone tools. Even though they had developed a sophisticated system of agriculture before the arrival of the first white people, it is clear they never exceeded the ability of the region to support them. They did not interfere with the capability of the habitat ro provide for other fonns of life; quite to the contrary, the native by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawccu This is a first. The Kan1ah Journal is reprinting one of its own articles. This article first appeared in a longer fom1 in Issue 25 (Fall, 1989) and was the seed rhar developed into the current issue on carrying capaciry. lss11e 25 is sold 0111 and no longer ll\lailable, and this article provides valuable links in denumstrating how carrying capacity works in our region, so we are running this shortened and revised version of the original piece to give a complete treatment ofthe topic. While many view the pastoral scenes and remote majesty of the Southern Appalachians as all-enduring, trends in human population migration and unrelenting resource extraction have had monumental effects upon wildlife and the diverse flora of their native habitat. Today little remains unaltered by the effects of human activity. The landscape we view today is a threatened glimmer of what was once, but it srill exists as one of the most diverse ecosystems on the North American continent. A historical perspective of human manipulation of the Kauiah province will help raise the question of the proper carrying capacity for human beings in our bioregion - the level that allows for the preservation of wild habitat. people relied on that capability for their continued existence. The arrival of the first Europeans, however, changed conditions drastically. The first immigrants represented the overflow from a land already subject to conditions of dire overpopulation. The Old World represented a vinually inexhaustible well of humanity that flooded over the new frontier. After the Early Inhabitants and First lmmigrants The Cherokee lndians and the indigenous people before them lived in balance with their world, utilizing the offerings of their Eden. Best estimntes give the native population as anywhere from 22,000 to 50,000 individuals throughout mountain highlands were first penerrated by DeSoto in 1540, the question of access was of paramount importance in the development of the Southern Appalachians. The native culture, tied to the land and her offerings, was rapidly overrun by the streams of white-skinned senlers that moved m along the major Indian trails through the Shenandoah Valley and from the Atlantic Tidewater area, widening the trails into roads as they went so that others could more easily follow. The first small communities sprang up along the river valleys and larger coves of the Watauga, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee watersheds. Although few and far between, their presence was marki:d by the agrarian need for cleared land. The bottomlands and wetlands were cleared or drained first, and then trees were felled on the side slopes to make room for more fields and pastures. As the first settlements became towns, the clearings spread deeper into the mountains following small and muddy roads that wound along the river and stream tributaries. These first settlers lived largely off the land, much in the manner of their native predecessors. Like the Indians '" before them, the white settlers annually burned off the forest floor. However, because of their greater numbers, this had a much greater effect on the forest than it ever had before. Even so, until the end of the 19th century most of the mountain highlands remained an impenetrable wilderness. Daunted by the richness of the New World, the Europeans regarded the productive capacity of the land as limitless, leading them to farm ard hunt carelessly and without regard for (/) 0 Q) (/) c: £ (II :c £ c: u c: 0 ~ (/) c .~ .D llS llS ·- .c: £ c: llS ns- E ig_ :E ~ OE Q) Q) u..S c: !:I Q) 0 ~CJ) as .!!! 'O ig_ .E a. Q) <( ~E 0 Q) .... .c: ~ 15 -·0 0 0 (/) c: (/) ~ c: e .a ~::; ·- 0 > Q) Q) ~ c: 0 (/) "(ij c: ::> CD "O 0 "O 0 E c: c: CD E (/) <II ~ ·c: I tl ::> E E (II c: 8 0 (.) c: c: llS QI QI ·o :e !:I a. e ::> w (/) ~ u: 0 m 0 0 0 N" .- ::> c: 0 .... M ID oo oo oo N"o C\I 1540 '° - 1650 .- HUMAN POPULATION OF KATUAH PROVINCE~ 1700 1725 1750 1760 (') ..... 1790 1800 1810 CD "'E • a. co .Q Ma> ~~ --o ~g llS c: CV QI I- a. c;o ..!- -~ I- iii 0 ID .,; .c: (/) u: 0 0 0 -'- llS en .0 C\I CD .... 1820 1830 1840 Summer, 1990 �also arrived on the rails, and sanitariums and luxury hotels offered all !he comfons a ~ and ailing flaLlandcr could desire. Commerce was the primary reason for pushing through the railroads, and in the Soulhem Appalachian region, commcrce meant timber. Large tracts of land, often 30,000-200,000 acres in size, were opened up to exploitation and soon surrendered their bounty. Temporary company towns were built at the base of major watersheds and railroad lines extended into the highest coves. The early timber barons were industrialists, not foresters, and !hey neither knew nor cared about the ideals of sustained timber yields and forest regeneration. Their the future. Because they were completely ignorant of ecological balances, they exterminated game species of animals and birds and slaughtered the native predators so that their domestic livestock could free-range in the woodlands. Hogs and turkeys were particularly well-adapted to the forest environment and thrived on the fall mast provided each yea.r. Once fattened, these were gathered into large "droves" and walked along the "drovers' roads" to markets in the piedmont. Mountaineers also traditionally foraged for medicinal roots in the forest. As commercial demand for these natural remedies began to grow, medicinal roots became a prime baner item in town and at the crossroad country stores. As wagonloads of ginseng and other potent roots and herbs began to roll down the twisting mountain roads to the eastern ciries, the rate of trade began to threaten the survival of ginseng and other herbaceous forest plants. The Industrial Era Grinding mills and small saw mills were the height of industrial production in the highlands until the mid-1800's. The baner system was the usual means of exchange. The US Census estimated the population in the 18 western counties of North Carolina at 200,000 in 1890. The lifestyle was still based primarily on subsistence agriculture, hunting, and foraging. However. in 1880. the first train into the mountains pulled into Asheville, and the Southern Appalachians were changed forever. The railroads represented a new degree of access. and they brought exponential population growth, absentee land ownership, and industrial commerce. The population of the city of Asheville (which today is only somewhat greater than 65,000 people) mushroomed from 2,000 in 1880 to more than 10,000 by 1890. Tourism rainfall. and severe flooding occum:d in J896. 1901, and 1909, and periodically into cbe 1940's. A mountain native, the Reverend A.E. Brown provided first-hand insight in an interview in lheManufacruru's Record in 1910: "•.. these mountains were full of sparkling brooks and creeks which required a rwo or three week rain to make them muddy; today a few hours of rain will muddy them.... Many of the mountain streams are dry throughout the summer and fall, while in winter. the waters descend in torrents and do vast damage rendering wonhless the bottom lands... The sides of mountains have been denuded of their topsoil and bottom lands h~ve been overflowed and swept away ... Shonly after the end of World War 1, most of the timber barons had rom up their tracks and moved on to the Pacific Northwest. By 1930 only a few companies, such as Champion Corporation, were left. In the wake of the timber rush, and at the onset of the nation's worst drought and the chestnut blight, litLle was left for human or beast: T he Present-day Forest or (What You See Is W hat ls Leh ) mastery of the new steam technology gave them access to the most remote reaches of the mountain forest, and the destruction they wrought there was unprecedented. The damage to the species composition of the forest was irrevocable, as was the damage to the soil. By the early I930's 80 percent of the mountain landscape had been burned over. Lmle was left to shield the soil from the area's high levels of Between the 1940's and the 1960's the population growth of the Kaufah province slowed. The mountain binhrate remained high. as it had in the past, but many young folks left the mountains to find wage work in the cities of the cast and the midwest. The bumpy roads offered a way out of the mountains to seek the American Dream. During the l 960's and the l 970's, however, a change took place. The isolation of the "backward" Appalachians began to look appealing to flatlanders sick of noise, crowds, and pollution. and perhaps sick at hean at the (conanuod on page 32) iii E Q) ::: 0 I'll 0. E I'll (J c oE -;:; 0 0. c (/) c ' iij c ::J 28(ii .!Q Q) 0 0 '0-o (J c c E ·- I'll Cl> li Q) e := u; ~ <ti.":!' Q) E 5 OI .!: c 5 ~ .,,. .,,. !::. I- :.: 'O >U Q) ;C :l - (il c: E E 0 0 Ci> D (/) I'll al _g 'iij a: C3 -c <D 0 )( 'E (J 0 ,g (/) CX) > Q) ~ N <O R CX) Ill ~ § >• E ~ '" E m l'lloE 0 'O Q) > 0 ~~ Ci> u CD a.!~ I.I) (/) 0 N N 0 ~ (!) ,... It) C') O> CT> 0 N <O N N - M ~ O> N CT> M a> C') It) <O 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 Summer, 1990 t: "O 0 r.l <D:: "O '- · .£) c ~ >- 0 " I'll ~~~ a. .... .c ~ - Cl "0(5 - E 0 .c 00 .,,. . N '8 25 >- Q) .... (Jc Cl> Q) ..... O> u 00 0 N O> N ,__ 1900 .,,. <O <O O> ..... a> co ..... It) It) N C') .,,. .,,. en M M It) Cl) Cl) co O> ..... ..... 1910 1920 1930 1940 0 00 It) C') M c - CX) ff) ..... . <O ..... N ~ ... 1950 1960 ,... 1970 1980 �When we design our human systems, we need to assure that we are not disrupting this flow of life, which is integral to our own llie. .. .: ..... . ....... '' ,··..... ,,._., .. • . . ··. . • "' • ~ =:::. ·~ • ~ ~ • . . .. . ,,,· .. ,... ~···.· . ·· ~./. . ·.. ....~•..~,{...:....: ·,;. ,,,,,-··:··.....---··-,·. :: • • .i• •• ·~: :,, _./ .;.:. , /, , , ... , -.... ,.,,,,,,., , _,,.,,,.-. - . ,. ••• • / , Designing with the Whole Life Community in Mind by Mamie Muller The solely human<cntercd approach to design in which the environment acts as in.1mmate baclcdrop lo human activity is n9 longcr possible. It has resulted in disruption of the wider life community of the planet and has begun threatening our entire biological life support systt>m. We in this Euro-culture .ire finally beginning to realize that we al"t' of the Earth. Advances in tht' scit'nccs are bringing to us the information th;it we arc literally in the planet not on it and that our human activities are intimately interwoven with the water cycle, tht' air cycle. the carbon cycle. We al"t' beginning to rcahz.c that the way we form our :.culcmcnts, our transportation routes, our commt'l're, and other hum.in functions not only affect hu1rJ1n culture, but the whole ecological community of which we arc a part. At present. our contemporary capacity for accclerallon and cxpont•ntiali1..:ition has brought the question of human impact on the natural world out ol the rc:ilm of "a ni<e thing tu consid(·r· in dl'Slgn and placed it squarely in front of u~. asa qul'Stlon 0f sur11h•al. Yet, our ability to rL'-<.'Onstcllate our human systems m response to dirL'Ct fceclti.1ck falls short o{ what is required. One consideration In understanding this dih:mma ts to rcJlize that wens n culture may not be fu/111 ugzstering the fccdb:lck wc arc n.'« 1vmg as to the dcllllstation of the planC't. The mformatton coming in m.1y be octually outpaang our oomprchtns1.0n of 11. It may also be th.it our perimeter& of rcahty have become so limited that we arc not fully "hearing" the natural world ~peak to us about this cruoal information. Our insular patterning of urbamzat1on. including concrete pathways, processed nutrihon, and televised m1lity m;iy bi! blocking us from this information. We may simply be recording ~·hatcver is coming in a5 "noise" or "static" and may not, in fact, be fully not1dng the drasllc d1m1rushmcnt in quality of life. What now-Those of us who arc catching ghmmcrs of the vibrant, !unctioofng life communuy that surrounds us and co-exists with us need to revive our capacities to sec, hear, taste, fccl ...beyond the "broadcast1xr Kati'mh Jou!nnL PC19C 11 boundaries of the rontcmporary world. We need to discern what is supcrfioal to our hfe support system and what is elemental We ncecl to Ix-gin insisting on design models that describe to us the full reality of our situation-both human as well as IX'Ological. In our modclhng, we nl'cd to ac:knowlcdge natural boundarit'S, not ju5t human-m.1dc boundancs, and to lillc.c into full account ecological systems suc:h as watersheds, wind patterns, gcologiCll formations, etc. Our models ncecl to incorporate ecological prindpf('!; such as entropy, renewal, biological exch.1nge, canying cap.1dty, and appropriate scale in an integral way We ncecl 10 be factonng m rra/ costs o( projects not just the "set prices-. Rc.11 costs include environmental considerations, hc.ilth considerations, as well as cumulahw affects and long·tenn conscqut'n<X?S. A primary asp<>Ct of th<.> ecological modd is oni:? of orculatio11. The cll'$1gn of hum11n routes needs to be done in the context of other kinds of routes and patterns of orculation. The water cycle, the air currents. (even the Eiirth m ll5 orbit, and the moon in us orb1t)".all circulate and h.wc a tX'aring on each othl.'r. /II ignition routes or animals; routes of :5(.'(.<ds m the wind, pathways or the sand-sharing dune s~k'ltl; animal route:, for Bl"CCSS to water, tocxl, and for returrung to br<"Cdmg grounds; routes of bees p(lllin.-iung flowers, etc. arc all ilspc<"ts of the ctmil:itory p.ittcm of thl' \\id~ Life community. Human route~ arc ill tht context of thb symphony of movement. In this culture we tend to think ufthc farth nsa "noun·, but in act1L1hty, a grt'at deal of Earth functions as "verb" And our models need to reflect that. \\'hen we clcsign our human systtms, we need to as~mrc that we arc not disrupting this flow oi hfe, v;hich is mtt'gt'al to our own life. lntercstmgly, with our culture's sencral overall design promoting cxcc:;sivc mobility. our chihzatlon is bl'\."Omlng "verb" as well, whether we like 11 or not. Our nc:ccss to work, school, social ach\~tics, and so forth requires th.it we "circubtc". The fact is that many of us arc conung to "dwdl" m our automobiles as well as our homes. Poor or non-existent urban planning as Summitr, t 99!1 �well as other physical and psychological factors have created forced mobility and diminished the quality of life not only of humans but also the rest of the Ufe community. When conditions reach such proportlons as they have now, in tenns of the welfare of the planet as well as that of humans and its other inhabitants, what is required in our modelling and our problem-solving? In order to develop comprehensive models, we need to be in touch with what values we want to nurture as a culture. No culture is value-free. Form informs. The forms that we craft to encompass and facilitate our human activities inform and shape us at every tum. Form reflects values whether we itttenlionally ascribe to them or nol IL is important that we bring into consciousness the values we want to nurture and let them become an integral aspect of our d1?Sign of human systems. It is essential to understand what is elemental to the life support system and what is superficial. We need in a public way to acknowledge our community priorities and encourage policy-making and incentives to support these priorities. We also need to develop comprehensive indicators for ecological health. In this culture we tend to think of the Earth as a "noun"... but in actuality, a great deal of Earth functions as "verb". Also in our modelling. it is essential that we employ more than 1ust linear logic. Linear logic gives us solutions such as "add a lane"' to deal with population increase and the rise in motor vehicles on the highways. Relying on this kind of logic, we end up with the solution of "44 lanes of interstate traffic". Multi-dimensional logic is required. logic which encompasses questions of scale, cumulative effects, appropriate use, multi-level interplay of factors, etc. And logic is only D7U! facet of our neurophysiological capacity for perception and problem-solving. We have available to us whole ranges of perception and creative interplay for interacting with the Life community in which we live. We have the capacity for in-depth perception and imaginative reflection as to how our human designs would interact with and affect the whole...both spatiallyI physically, developmentally, and psychically. We have the capacity to kinesthetically perceive rhythms as well as the disruption of rhythms, and we have the imagination to envision restoration. Design can serve to obfuscate or reveal the natural world to us. It can heighten or reduce our capacity to synchronize with other life rhythms besides our own. A culture can actually design for symbiosis, CXH>peration, mtegratton, and inclusion with the wider ecological Ufe community. What is important in design is the reliance on fresh, attentive perception regarding the nature of our multi-dimensional reality rooted in the natural world. This is a pivotal time in our planers history. We have the capacity to witness whole ecological systems at work and to design our human systems to comprehensively interlace with these wider processes. It is up to us to renew our inherent capacity to "'listen" to the natural world...and to act in concert with it. Only when we let its full reality be present to every aspect of our senses are we capable of designing for our own well-being in' relation to the rest of the Life community. This paper was part of a presentation by Thomas Berry and Marnie Muller at the Third Biennial International Linear P11rks Conference held in Asheville, North Carolina, Katuah Prouinct, ~ ~t~ ~ Steady State The Economics of 'Biophysical Equilibrium and Moral Growth by Jim Houser "Ecology means the study (-logy) of the home (eco-), while economics means the management (-nomy) of the home. Accordingly, economics is merely a branch, or discipline, of the larger study of ecology." The coming of Spring makes me realize the KatUah region is quite probably one of the last few paradises left on Earth. Perhaps, it is one of the few places on Earth that have ever been paradise (or as close as we on an earthly plane can get). Whatever the case may be, it is undoubtedly a paradise now. The air feels clean to the lungs. It is crisp and soothing. and fills one with a strength and a sen~ of well being. The wat<.'r Is abundant and clean, making the soil rich and fruitful. The flowers bloom everywhere in the Spring; a wild panorama of colors and sublime beauty which I don"t quite understand why we deserve. But then 1 realize that we don't "deserve" it. It is just here, and so arc we. It ts part of us, and we are part of ll There is no question of whether or not we deserve it, we are simply here. The question 1s whether we can hve on this land "'lthout ncccssanly destroying it. As Wendell Berry says in the Gift of Co()J Land, To live we must daily break the body and shed th!! blood of creation. When we do this loVlngly, skillfully, reverently, it is a sacrament. When we do it ignorantly, grccd.ily, clumsily, destructively, ii is a desecrallon. ln such dcsccration we condemn ourselv1:s to spintual and moral lon<?hness, and others to want. There is a new group of C<"onomists who decry the lack of moral and c!thical judgements in modem economics and cite this ddicicncy as one of the reasons for our current economic: and ecological d~tenoration. They arc led by Herman E. Daly, an economics professor presently employed in the envtronmcntaJ section of the World &nk. S"'mmcr, 1990 Daly maintains that modem economic thoory docs not concern itself with ultimate endS- The standard textbook definition of economics states that it is "the study of the allocation of scarce means among competing ends, where the object of the allocation 1s the maximization of those ends." But modem economic scsence has taken on the guise of an exact science, like physics, and has, accordingly, made itself devoid of ethical questions, focusing all of their attention on what Daly refers to as Intermediate Ends, hke food, warmth, and education. Jn current economic thinking, success is attained by achieving these goats, regardless of the means employed, whether they be a tolilhtarian state, environmental degradation, or destruction of life. Daly likes to point out, however, that economitS began as a branch of moral philosophy. T.R. Malthus m htS classic work the Pnnriples of Politiazl Economy wrote, "Political Economy bears a nearer resemblance to the soence of morals and politics than to that of mathematics." For the early economists like Adam Smith, who wrote Tht Thtory of Moml Sentiments, the most important test of economic institutions was thcir effect on moral character. For economists to cut themselves off from knowlcdgt' obtainC'd through introspc-chon 1s a perversion of their dlidpline. What has happened as a result is that economists have li\'ed up to the observation of Oscar Wilde who pointed out that "an economist i5 a man <sic> who knows the pnce of everything and the value of nothing". In h1> three books, Strady-State Economics; Economics, Ecology, Ethics: Essnys on iz Sltady State Economy (which he edited); and For tht Common Good, wnttcn with theologian John Cobb, Daty attempts to bring economists, and everyone else, back to a realm where they can (ClOllllnll<d on ncitt pegc) Ju.u.\+nh Journ~ ptUJC IS �(oonlinued &om page IS) discern the true value of things. He calls this realm the "steady-state economy;" an economy consciously directed according to the laws of ecology, as all economies should be, since ecology 1s the basis for understanding the conditions under which economics and humanity must function. Ecology means the study (-logy) of the home Ceco-), while economics means the management (-nomy) of the home. Accordingly, economics is merely a branch, or discipline, of the h1rger study of ecology. Orthodox economists do not realize this, says Daly. He cites the futility of considering a rise in the Gross National Product (GNP) as an indicator of a healthy society. Obviously, any theory which espouses unlimited growth in a finite biosphere 1s absurd. Modem economists get around this by claiming that GNP is a measure of value. while ignoring the physical aspects of this value. As Daly points out, the fact that wealth is measured in value units (dollars) docs not negate its physical dimensions. We could place a higher and higher value on anything for an infinite length of time, but the actual supply of any material is clearly finite. To give raw materials "value" we must use energy, and, according to the second law of thermodynamics, that total pool of energy 1s always decreasing. As Daly points out in Stcady-Stalt Eco1wmics, Daly calls the flow of production and consumption "throughput." "Steady-state" implies equilibrium, in which the rate of inflow is equal to the rate of outflow. A balanced rate of throughput is the key to maintaining the equilibrium or the "constant stock," (the life support capability of the natural world). Daly uses the analogy of a lake to make this point clear. In order to maintain the level of a lake, the amount of water flowing into the lake must be the same as the amount flowing out. Ir more water flows out than nows in, the lake would eventually dry up. A constant water level can be maintained with either a high or low rate of flow. However, a high rate of flow runs a great amount of water through very quickly. Daly points that at the present time our rate or throughput should be as low as possible, so we at the same time conserve our resoun:es and minimize the amount of refuse. M<?asuring our economy by GNP encourages mmumization of the throughput flow. 'A'hile the human household has been rapidly grow;ng. the environment of which it is a part has steadfastly remained constant in its quantitative dimensions. Its size has not increased, nor have the natural rates of circulation of the basic biog<.'<X:hcmic;il cycles that man e>.ploits. As more people transform more raw materials per person into rommodihcs, we experience higher rates of depletion; as more people transform more commodities into waste, we experience higher rates of pollution. We devote more effort and resources to mining poorer mineral deposits and to deaning up increased pollution, and then we count many of these extra expenses as an increase in GNP and congratulate ourselves on the exlTa growth! Thus GNP can increase every year without ever indicating a decay of the ecological u nderpinning of the production system. That ultima tely, is the main point: by overproducing we destroy our production capability. Daly likens the steady-state economy to a mature ecosystem. A young ecosystem, like a newly growing forest, emphasizes production, growth, and quantity (high production efficiency). A mature ecosystem, such as a climax rorest, emphasizes protection, stability, and quahty (high maintenance efficiency). Daly claims that we have reached the mature stage of our system and we need to emphasize quality over quantity, maintenance over production, or otherwise, as we see happening today, we will bury our life-sustaining ecosystem under a pile or our own garbage. He insists that the flows of production and consumption must be minimized instead of maximized as they are in the infinite growth economy. This docs not imply, however, that Daly is advocating stagnation or regression of human society. It 1s a grave mistake to consider a constantly rising GNP as the mark of an advancing culture. As John Stuart Mill said, It is scarcely necessary to remark that a stationary condition of capital and population imphcs no stationary state o f human improvement, there would be as much scope as ever for all kinds of mental, cultural and moral and social progress, as much room for improving the art or living and much more likelihood of it being improved when minds cease to be engrossed by the art of getting on. ln the steady-state economy the central concept must be the stock of wealth (people and capital, in its widest definition which includes natural resources and processes), rather than the flow of income and consumption, as wealth is defined at present. rn reality, the entire concept of generating income is an illusion. Humans cannot "generate income", we can only take what is here. The key is to not use up the life energy a t a rate raster than nature can regenerate it. Obviously, we are not following that principle. In the case of fossil fo<?ls, as E.F. Schumacher points out in Small Is Beautiful, we continue to treat an ever-scarcer resource as income rather than capital. Ecologically, we a re burning our "business capital" even as we proclaim the health or our "business." I. One of the bases of a low throughput economy is a greater durability or goods, which applies not only to how long they last, but also to how easy it is to put them to another use (recycle). Our current economic system encourages planned obsolcsccnC!!, since we have to maintain a constant market for our ever-increasing production (which led to the downfall of Detroit). A low rat<l of capital throughput also means that we would spend less time on production and create more leisure time. Under our current economic system, we rear decreased production and leisure lime, because that would mean people are out or work. Timc-int<?nsive activities like rricndship, care of the elderly and children, meditation and reO<?ction, are sacrificed in favor of commodity-intensive activities. Hence, we ha,•c the Shopping Mall as the social center of the 90's (have run, meet people, L.lkc the kids, and CONSUME), rather than social centers which promote and help strengthen community and family values. The steady stat(! economy also implies a low throughput rate for population (the other component of the total stock), which would me>an a balanced birth and death rate, and a long life expectancy. Our society docs not seem to recognize that an ever-growing rote> of per capita consumption for an ever-growing population is impossible. A steady population depleting resources and creating pollution at a slow rate is the ideal. The limits regarding what rates of depiction and pollution are tolerable would be derived from our understanding of ecology. These limits address the question of how many people can live in an area and still maintain paradise. The question is: at which point or human population does the desecration of creation become unavoidable? This limit is the "carrying capacity" of an ecosystem. It has been demonstrated that when a population significantly exceeds the carrying potential or its ecosystem, there then results a sudden die-off within that population. So we need to reach an optimum population based on the carrying capacity of our biosphere. My suggestion Is to do away with the GNP and substitute a CNP {Qlrryi~ fotcntial) as the true measure of our economies success. CNP reflects the needs which Daly says our economic indicators need to monitor. Rather than measuring growth Ilk<! the GNP, the goal for the CNP would would be to maintain the population;CNP ratio at one. In other words, H the goal is to maximize our population while preserving ecological integrity, t he ideal would be to keep the population as close to the determined carrying potential as possible. (connnucd on page 29) .. . )(.Qtuah Jourrml. J>"ge 16 .. \' ... ~ -- Summer, 1990 �Hoedad I throw my hoedad into sandy loam, thinking of my children's children as I bend to plant a tree. I throw my hoedad into a rock and experience more fully the pain in the swollen joints of my right hand. I throw my hoedad again and again and again and again and again in the strange and savage dancing of the mad treeplanter leaving lines of pines across the hills of Tennessee Eagerly i press my taproot firm into dark moist slit gumbo, sand, rock, and churt duff or dust or just plain dirt Slam Barn Cram and jam I throw my hoedad, stomp and scram. I grit my teeth and throw my hoedad and place a wimpy little pine tree in what was recently a hardwood forest. Covering a little piece of grid and a bureaucrats ass for him. Making sure there will be cellulose for adult pampers for aging baby boomers. I throw my hoedad, pull back on the handle and am brought to my senses by the powerful brown smell of wild ginger and Here i am on this Sunlit mountain in the early Spring I throw my hoedad and pray the people will re member Earth I plant a tree and p ray that We will all remember. Will Ashe Bason Slimmer-, 1990 Compost I'm composting my past empty rinds of just deserts broken shells of old barriers the coffee grind I'm composting my passed bullshit raps and chickenshit fears 111 throw them to the microbes let lhem bum a little quicker and hotter in the flame of living and dying. Fork it all, i'm chunking funky pumpkin headed notions on the pile and turning over a new leaf mold. Leaving my leftovers. I'm composting my past. Free carbon now! break down all cellulose walls. I'm not for getting it i 'm just for letting it rot and when it's cool and dark and doesn't even stink, i'll shovel it up and use it in my garden. I'll grow roses and rootabagas in re memberance that Here i come, back again. Will Ashe Bason �I 1).)1 I D~gn IJltd calligraphy l1y Marnie Muller �• l ' I �(l'bcseare !he words ofa traditional Olerolcco medicine person.) Archaeologists estimate that the Cherokees first migrared into the Southern Appalachians 6,000 years ago. They figured this by carbon-dating potrcry that they found at the Old Echota village. The poucry was tempered in the southern way, but it was lroquoian in design. That showed that it was Cherokee. The Cherokee have lived here for a very long time. Our population was always expanding. but very slowly. It was told to me that there were about 50,000 Cherokee when de Soto came through. If the white people had waited 200 years to make it over here, they would have had to deal with just two lribcs in the east, the Cherokee and the Iroquois. I think the people's effons to limit their population were quite conscious. We weren't troubled by plagues, and life expectancy was better than that of the white people when they fLCSt came here. The Cherokee chief Junaluska, for example, was way up in his nineties when he died. We were a healthier people than we are now. If children got past their first three or four years, they generally lived to an old age. There were several methods of birth control. Dodder is a commonly-seen fungus. It grows in long, yellow strings and wraps itself around other plants, because it's parasitic. As a contraceptive, it was given to men. When it worked. it worked; but it wasn't that dependable. I wouldn't trust it. But they probably had more faith than I do. There was another method. When a woman had .a baby and the man took away the afterbinh, he would cross one ridge for every year he didn't want to have another child before he buried it But l wouldn't trust that either. Thar's why it wouldn't work for me. Magic comes when all doubt is cleared from the mind. They had no sex when the women were in the moon lodge (during their menstrual period), and a man would always fast from sex before hunting and war. Those things helped. Every time people were involved in a spirirual ceremony, they would fast from sex for three days before. Young people got married any time after puberty. Girls could get married after their first menstrual period. And they didn't wait long. But I think that attirude made a difference. The native people didn't have all the sexual taboos that arc a part of the white culture: that sex is wrong, diny, evil and bad, and that a person has to have a piece of paper and a preacher to do it. The native people had a different attitude about sex. And I think that made a difference in child-bearing as well It seems that people who were closer to the Eanh had natural population contr0ls. Their populations always seemed to hold steady. That usually hinged on food availability, but a.round here food wasn't a very good control. The people grew crops, and there was a lot of game and wild foods in the woods, like berries and chestnuts. OC course they still encountered hard times when their crops were short and there was no game. There could be late floods lhat would wash out the com, or a late frost would kill a lot of the acorns, or it would be dry when the chestnuts were supposed to blossom. Such things would happen. Times like that would trim off some of the marginal people, some of the old people and some of the babies. The people had a different attitude about death back then, too. They accepted it when it came. They didn't cry to hang on to life or to people they were close to. When it was your time to go, it was your time to go. In our tradition it was said that the spirit wasn't fixed in a child until it was three or four years old, and no one was surprised when a young child died or an old person died. The clan system was an important pan of our culture. There were seven clans in the tribe, and there were strict sexual taboos about marrying within the clan. I was told by my grandfather that the tribe had capital punishment for two. n:asons, and incest was one of them. 1!1cest meant marrying anybody within your clan. Clan members were your kin. You could travel to a small village 300 miles away, and even if you'd never been there and none of your people had ever been there, if there was one family of your clan there, you would be taken care of. Tho~c peopl.e would not be biologically related to you, but they would take you m ~ thell" family and treat you like family. But you sure couldn't mess around with one of the girls. That would be like fooling aroun~ with your cousin. ~d ~ou had no desire to ... well, maybe you had a passing moment, bur you d think about that capital punishment and said, "Naaah." The clan system didn't slow anybody down from getting married, but it did keep everybody's genes spread our, so thar people could live in small groups without becoming inbred. It made possible a smaller gene pool. The people had different ideas about technology, too. It's like my grandfather said, "We knew about the wheel, but if you make a wheel, the n you have to make a road. If you make a road, then you have to build bridges and keep it all up. So why bother to put yourself to all that trouble?" He would always make that remark to me when I would tell him Lha t one of the white people's justifications was that "we never used the land." He was amazed by that. He was always quite upset about that, because the native people used the land as much as the white people did, but they used it in a different way. They left much less of a mark on it. But the white people thought that the land was not being used unless it was used with the attitude that it was for the humans, instead of seeing the humans as being a part of it. We did slash and burn agriculture. We would use a stretch of bottomland until it was poor, and the com wouldn't grow big anymore, then we would move down the river to another patch of river cane, bum it, and live there. Meanwhile, the first cane patch would grow up, and in a few years we'd move back to that fLCSt cane patch. This is how we used iL Passenger pigeons were part of our diet, and we'd eat as many as we wanted. Even so, when the white people came here flocks of passenge r pigeons still blackened the sky. We had bufffalo and elk and large animals like that in the mountains and they were plentiful, and we had what we needed. But we don't have any of those now. Today, if your com patch gives out, you can't just move dow_n the s river, because somebody else owns the land downstream. Now there 1 the concept of private property and so many more people. It's hard to explain about a culture with a "non-propeny attitude" toward the world. Trying to explain our attitudes toward dying, birth control, and population control is like crying to explain the fourth dimension in a three dimensional language. It's the same with the attitudes behind the taboos about not pissing, vomiting, shitting, or throwing your trash in the river. When I was a kid, going down the mountain roads I could sec outhouses on logs out over the branch. I'm pessimistic about the fate of the human race. It's hard to be an optimist when I sec that no one is willing to give up anything. Our future is going to require sacrifice. It used to be that people didn't sec themselves as creatures that were superior to narurc; they saw themselves as part of nature. To move evenly with everything was the ultimate goal of the Indian's personal growth spiritual and physical, and to be out of harmony meant that you weren't moving with everything. If you killed a deer, you said prayers and apologized. There was no hostility. It was no personal thing. If a bear killed you, it was the same way. The idea was to move in hannony with the planet instead of seeing it only as your personal resource or as an enemy that you had to conquer. Keeping the ceremonies was important to maintaining that relationship The ceremonies were a way to pull the community together, and they wer~ also a means of seeking hannony with the environment Summer, 1990 �{continued from page 6) KJ: Do you think zoning could be significant? GM: I! seems 10 have worked everywhere else it's been tried. Unfortunately the people here are notorious for opposing zoning as an option for limiting grow1h. Their general reaction is, "Don't tell me whal 10 do with my land," and that's where the argument ends. There is generally never any extended debate, and there is generally never any opponuni1y 10 consider voling in something like this. In areas of the country severely impacted by growth and development, people now recognize that ins1i1u1ing zoning is the only way that they are going 10 reduce growth to sane levels. Without zoning, everything is done in a hnphazard way, and industrial and commercial sites grow up next 10 housing. and so fonh. Florida is now making zoning mandatory in almost every community. Other states that have experienced large increases in population in the past now use zoning as an effective way to control development and to protect cnvironmencally sensitive areas. KJ: Another factor in 1he whole equation is loco! transportation. Being an essentially rural area, the mountains lead to a lot of vehicle traffic. GM: Yes, that is correct. This terrain does not lend itself to car-pooling or mass transit. because 1he population 1ends 10 be somewhat dispersed. There are rew easy-access, straight-line transpona1ion corridors, which means that mass tronsit is difficult tO SCI Up. KJ: On the other hand, 1hough, the s1eep terrain has made it difficult for industrial developmen1. GM: There is always going 10 be limited industrial development here, because the region just isn't favorable for thn1. In that sense our steep terrain is a saving grace. We might be ove~m by shopping malls or hamburger stands - we might be "Pigeon Forged" · but I don't think that we will be over-industrialized. KJ: But in 1erms of habitat destruction ... GM: ...Having second homes and malls is 1he same as having an industry. There will be continually more strip development, de-centralized shopping in all directions. KJ: As far as reacting to out-of-control growth and supporting maximum habitat in the mountains, what do you think people can do? GM: It is going 10 be dirticull to do anything abou1 it, because usually all the people in power arc growth boosters. My suggestion is, if people want 10 understand the dynamics of 1he politics in their area, they should look into the backgrounds of 1he Jl'Ople who hold public office. Check out the people on the water boards, on the sewer boards, and see if there are corporate or real es1a1e affiliations. Voters should look at the people on the town councils, on the county board of commissioners, see who lhey are, and ask about their environmental agendas before returning 14em to office. Summer, 1990 a The next thing people should do is to encourage people with views similar 10 their own 10 run for public office and then work hard to have them elected. lf people want to decrease the rate at which growth is tal<lng place in their area, they need to seat candidates representing lha1 viewpoint on the governing boards of the sewer districts or the water authorities {or the transportation depanment at the state level), so that biodiversity is a priority for those key agencies. At present virtually all the infrastruc1ure boards arc controlled by pro-growth people. Those people who want to expand this area's role as a sanctuary for biodiversity need 10 ge1 cracking politically a1 all levels, because right now their message isn't getting through. KJ: One of the reasons the message isn't gelling through politically is because people are thoroughly convinced that our economy is based on growth, and 1ha1 the success of our sylilem is Phoio by Rodney Webb measured by the amount of growth, rather than by water quality, clean air, and ample habitat for all species. What kind of opnons do we have in a situation like that? How can we change people's consciousness about ii? GM: In this coun1ry we do not have mnny good models of communities or regions that have a long history of no-growth development. So l guess 1he thing to do is to point out examples where communities - even entire regions - have ta.ken the "grow at all costs" direction and have ruined what were fonnerly nice places to live. Florida and Sou1hem Calirornia are examples of large regions lha1 once had exceptional qualities which were lost in a very short period of time. That is why Floriclians are now moving here, and Californians arc moving to Oregon and Washington. Tl all goes back to 1he whole mind-set tha1 says we have 10 keep growing, growing, and growing. Somehow people believe that growth is for everybody's good. Yet in thiny years people look back and ask, "What did T loser' The answer is, "You lost everything." "What did I gain?" "You gained one problem arteranother." Dr. Gary Miller has been director of the Environmental Smdies Program at U11iversil)' of North Carolina Asheville since the fall of 1983 Ar that rime the program had one majoring smdent; now it has almost 100. Miller holds a BS in biology. a masters degree in botany/zoology, and he received a doctorate in plant ecology from the Uni\'ersit)' ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill. For 15 years he lfred in New York State where he was primarily interested in research on vegetation in freshwater bodies. lie still spends his summer months exploring rlwtfield of research. lie and Ids wife have a daughter, who gradumed with a BS in biology from UNC-CJiapel Hill, and a son. who is majoring in biology and chemisrry in his last year at Chapel Hill. • lnttrvlew rtcordtd by Doi# \Vhttltr I \ �TRANSPORTERNATIVES By Patrick Clark NaturaJists Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and John Muir all knew the secre1 long ago. They saw the senselessness of going around in motorized vehicles, when the feet do just fine, thank you. Why spend time cooped up in a box on wheels when you could be our 1hcre gcuing around by foot, with the birds and fresh air, and getting good exercise? These words of Thoreau from Walden arc as true today as they ever have been: "We do not ride on the railroad, the railroad rides on us ....If we stay at home and mind our business who will want railroads....Why should we live with such hurry and wns1c in our life?" Automobiles give the illusion of being a fas1 means of cransporration, allowing users more free time. Yet after considering the time spent to finance, operate, and maintain an aiu?m~b~e (nor to mention time for building and mamtammg roads and traffic regulations), rhe automobile doesn't seem to get us anywhere any faster than our own two feet. The auto has been and is a needless waste of the environment and rhe human spirit, bur we've gouen ourselves into a fix. Our entire economical system is built upon fossil-powered transponation. Roads have desecrated the "land of the free". Noise. pollution. accidents, and vi~ual decadence (i.e. America's transponarion system) are woven into the fabric of American society. The need to get around will always exist, but perhaps our society travels more 1han is necessary. There arc ways to i;1ruc1ure our communities and lifestyles to eliminate much of the traveling we do. Where do we go? Work, s~hool, rhe sto~. library, movie. pany, dance, fnends house, Sierra Club meeting, conference. the beach. What 1f mosc of these destinations were closer in--lct's say biking di~tance. (The conferences and the beach would require either carpooling, public transponarion, or extended time off for bicycle touring). Roads would be narrow soips of concrete or gravel with flowers JC.awQ(~ Journa( pca«Je 22 and 1rces on either side, raking us through pleasant countryside and neighborhoods. No cars or ttucks roaring by with fumes and smoke. By slowing us down 10 a human-powered speed, self-propelled uansponation connects us to the Earth and 10 ourselves. It is a link to our past and could be an integral pan of our present. Grecnways (linear parks with hike/bike paths) are catching on all over the country. Hiking and biking paths arc being constructed to ger us all around the continent Today a person can walk the length of the Appalachian Mountains and beyond on the legendary Appalachian Trail. Throughout Karoah arc numerous n:crc.ational trails built and maintained by groups such as the Carolina Mountain Club, including the new Mountains to I.he Sea Trail (which has 260 continuous miles already completed). While the tourism industry is promoting aesthetic and recreational values in this area, roads arc still more numerous than is compatible with the forest Recreational walking is fine, but it is not going to stop the acid rain, noise poUution. and the habitat disruption/ destruction caused by the millions of vehicles driving through the Kanlah province each day, some of them 10 get to the hiking rrails. The bicycle is Jess impacting than most other forms of transportation on the environment. With it, one can get to places mostly unreachable without a car or a lot of rime. And yet bicycling is still slow enough for face to face human contact and cnjovmenr of birds, flowers, and sky. Costs· to the environment arc minimal and monetary expenses are a fraction of those needed to own and operate a car. So stress is lessened in more ways than one. Enlightened engineers are working on solar-powered vehicles. These will be great, and J'll be the first to invest in one, but the need will still exist for walking and biking. What can a person do 10 adopt a more self-propelled lifestyle right now while in transition to our bikeways/walkways society? Getting to work is one of rhe most imponant aspects of self-propelled rranspon· 0raWll1g by Rob Mcuick ation, because this is a trip most people take almost every day. There arc tricks to doing it right such as dressing for the weather, carrying items needed at work, and being presentable once you get there. But once in the habit, this commute is quite satisfying and relatively stress-free. I know bicycling works. ln metropolitan areas. people commute many miles by bicycle, contributing to clean air by reducing oil consumption and lessening traffic congestion. I joined them for awhile when t lived in Washington, DC, and biked eighteen miles round-trip through the Rock Creek Park Greenway. There I met people who decided cars were not for them. With sidebags and trailers, even families were getting around without difficulty. Some third world countries have never had auto-caused problems because bicycles have always been a necessity. Herc, bicycling can be more challenging. Bike paths haven't caught on much ye4 distances arc greater, roads arc narrower, the terrain is rugged. and !here are blind comers. Still, it can be done. We need to keep pushing for bicycle facilities and educate city planners and motorists. (Join your local bicycle club.) Recycling and organic vegetables and solar energy arc fine, but wi1hou1 sustainable transponation they will remain futile anempts a1 environmental restoration. Resources: Worldwatch Institute P.O.Box 6991 Syracuse, NY 13217 For information on the Bikcways Task Force. contaet Mary Helen Duke (Transponation Coordinator) Land of Sky Regional Council 25 Hentagc Drive k;heville, NC 28806 (704) 254-8131 The Bikcways Task Force needs volunteer help for a bike route mapping project and bikeways legislation. Summer, 1990 �IMAGINING THE END OF REAL ESTATE by Hectfilre P. Condeau There arc munncrs about, for those intuitive and sensitive enough to hear them, that our relationship with Biosphere as in need or profound reconsideration and even rc--invention. Many of our current attitudes about the Earth and its capacity to sustain life arc reflected in the continuing musty precepts or Feudal "tenants" and practices. By such methods land is to be held as property by those in power. It can be bought only at a price by those who h.:ive the means to pay olf others in power for the right to "own" the land. Military service is required by the "lords" of thl:' kingdom in order to protect its sovcreignty and to maintain obedience to the kingdom. If Feudalism ended with the creation or a declaration that stated "all people are created equal" why arc there still Landlords that relish in raising prices, Corporate Castles in far-off lands, and Kings of Business that wear crowns of excess profits on their heads while "vassals" must suffer through the best they can· with little opportunity to get past class structures designed and maintained by those unable 10 relinquish their grip or economic power over other people in human society? What is called for is the crcation of different value systems m mediating the relations within human societies, and particularly in how human societies rclate to the Biosphere. By maintaining systems of lnduslrial Oass (ie; capitalist or socialist) where money and resources are "bottlenecked" by the State, Corporations, or privileged classes, those who arc not involved with such 'elites· are often lert out of the primary decision-making or the society. Then a dangerous situation can develop in which there is a lack of communication in the society, and it becomes fragmented This fragmentation is easily transferred onto our relations with H~hit"'" •·thcr than our own, and the many forms or life that inhabit them; from bears to bugs to bacteria. What would be the consequences or human beings regarding the health or ecosystems other than their own as crucial to the viability of all life including its own? I think ii would mean th.it individual ownership of the land would come under intl'OSC scrutiny, and that for human beings to be able to "settle·· or live in a particular area they would have to be able to prove their worth as caretakers or 'friends' of the land. This would have to be done in the context of the inhabited region, and also in light of current awareness or lhe complex inter-relationships among many fonns or biota that make a region of the Earth what it is. Ultimately, It would mean that our basic models for economics, business, industry, and even our own day-to-dny existence would change from that of a rigid dominancc-<!ulogi%ing system of Real Estate, Development for the? sake of bloating growth, and Factories dispersing contaminants into vital air, water, soil, and biota or the planet. The models would change into Ecosystems· With multiply mixing long, medium, and short duration circulation patterns, or feedback luop~. 'These cycles moving through the Biosphere int~atc the ingestion, absorbtion, and excretion or various forms of chemical and radinnt energy from multiple Types or organisms and the solar wind. We exist in a complex array of feedback loops, within the region we co-mhab1t. The C5SCntlal inter-rclahonsh1p between organisms and l'nvironmcnts at various SCOJ'L'S of the Earth is the basis for a difforcnt kind ot undcrst.lncling than thl! prevailing ''bch.lve as though machines arc the only model of reality that matters" kind of athtude that we h.:ive been fed by the bulk of modem science. The emphasis now shifts from co~ntrating on lnch\;dual kinds or ~y~tcms thcmsch-~ to the energy or mrormatlon that is moving between many kinds of s~tcms. In this spirit let's focus on the relationship between human communities, institutions. neighborhood,, hou~holds, ramih(.'S, and indh'lduals in the context of the broader and more ecologically diwrsc Bion.'t;10ns they inhabit. In this century our emph.1sis ha~ been on the mtel\Slve "h.1rVC$ting" of energy in the forms of ruel, building materi.ils. rrunc-rals, foods, water, and other n.'-sourccs from the greah'r hfc community or the region. Our paras1uc tendencies as a spccics have ortC'n been ewer· looked because of ingr.11ncd habits through which "profit" ramcd m this way from ecological .1nd geological sources became 1 HE way to <'nsure that our families or communiues would survive. This was p.uUally due to a past of scarcity and harsh~s, and our relative 1Mbility to undcr:>tand and change the basic patterns of susta1n.1bihty in the planet. Now thb has changed, and so h.1s our rclallon with all other living beings. The lndustnal era with all its far reaching efrccb or cont.lminahon and 1labitat d~lruclion has paradoxically come around to face us with a ~ery mto our own values as a 'body" or humanity. The "power" put into mdu~~ 1s now showing a potential or rar Jess scarcity than previously c;xtsted m the ~lk'Cllve h_uman endeavor. Yet the "price" for being able to bve m some kmd or rdnllvc harmony with non· human Pabilats and have a Summer, 1990 ''THE IMPACT OF liUMANS IS NOW MATC\llMG 'fHAT Of ME.TEORS'' technology th.it is able to be efficient and does not drastically interfure with the basic morphology or health or a given rcg:on 1s this... We need to regulate our numbers because our impact is proving unsust.lmable not only for ourselves, but also in regard to the diversity of habitats around us which are the source or potential well bcmg for such complex creatures as mammals. The main predators we now have to worry about are Ourselves, colliding asteroids, volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, some micro-organisms and viruses, and our own industtatcd excreta such as bombs, plutonium, dioxin, and a plethora of other toxic chemistries cookcd from petroleum. Thus we ne«! to create ways of internalizing, with our minds and hearts, some fonn of species population limits. One question that comes to mind when thinking about the potential 'carrying capacity' or human beings in this Mountain Bioregion of l<atUah is: What arc we to do with thl! Feudal Legacy of economically unjust and environmentally unsound concepts and pmcticcs that have bcC'n accepted as the only way or "doing business" in the region? What if the "upper classes" can afford to buy land or houses and arc unable to make sound decii;ions about its destiny and the destiny of the people living there? Is there any real Sense to be found In a rash of second homes being built in an area where wages are low and there is homclcssne!.57 There will need to be some 50rt of sy~tcm of mediation and justice m working through the relations within the hum.1n community and th.lt o( the many communilic:. or lifo that su~tain the human community. This appears 10 be one of the great challengl'S to the pol(!ntial maturity of human beings Into a non-scl£ish role within the Biosphere. To ch.:inge our attitudes about the land around us from treating ii as a machine, deshned to be both our "raw fuel" and our scwl!r, to that of <'ClllogiC'al or inter-recycling modes, would change both our thinking and our everyday experience of how our hvcs can be organized. Ry slowing the overall flow of energy through our community systems~ maybe nblc to reduce some or the conlusro ambitiousness and ch.1os that 15 b«oming the norm for many people on the North American continent. We exert stress on biogrogr.:iph1cal cnvironmcntS around us by extracting too much from th('m and sluughing off too much of the energy we can't recycle onto them. This energy takc:; th•" forrn or i;asrous compounds :.uch as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and sul(cr dioxide exhau,;tmg from po\';L'f "plants" and automobiles. It ~1kcs the torrn of finite '\lrcams of once-US(' packaging around many "products" from foods to motor oil. It also takes the forrn of fluids such ns solvents. rCB's, dyes, and pcst1C1dcs.. Our 'work' now seems to be that of re-Inventing our technologies and the effect~ of our tcchnologi~ on the greater ecologies or the Earth, so that the rollccttve and personal force of our Impact can be reduced without continuing lo use "props" as ever more l'fl\1l'Onmcntally expensive energy slaves such n~ automobiles and coal burning power 'plants'. Who dcadcs what is environmentally appropriate and what ls not? Would it go to a Global type consensus, or would the people of each Biorcg1on be nblc to fine tune their practices in .1 :>pcctrum of specific areas from Humanlcss Preserves to concentrated human actil.-ity? (continued on ~ell) Cazto0n by Rob Messick JGntimh )ournci( pcuJe 23 l �REQUIEM FOR OAK RIDGE Nanni World News Service HOW BIG IS A LEGAL BEAR? Nanni WC>rld News Service More than 350 people jammed the bleachers 111 the Smoky Moun1111n High School in Sylva, NC in one of two bC<lliogs called by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) io hear opinions on a proposal lO raise the legal hunting limil for black bears 10 a weight of 100 poun~. Many oC those m the gym wen: bunters who wanted 10 keep the present 50 pound weight limit. but approx11na1ely 50 people aucnded the hearing In support of the higher limiL Unifonncd wildlife offiCCIS were slBtiOllCd a1 the enlr.lllCcs lO the hcanng. hnodtng out a s1:11emcnt by the s1a1e chap1cr of lhe Wildlife Socic1y. a biologisis' organiui1ion, lhat staled tha1 group's opposition 10 a higher weight limit, and a program printed for the even1 by the NCWRC that also contained a statement saying that such a change was incffcc1ivc, Biid lha1 habit.al was Ille primary factor in block. bear survival Several of !he speakers vehcmcn1ly sugges1ed 1hnt 1h1s acuon compromised the impaniali1y of Ille NCWRC 111 the hearing. Discussion at. the hearing wa~ heated, fueled mostly by dwigrcemcnt about the si1,c and statu~ of the bbck bc3r population. Proponent<; of 1hc higher weight lunit argued 1ha1 at the prcscm 1ime 1he black bc:it population was reproducing cilher just a1 or below the minimum lc\•cl ncces"'1ty for continued viabili1y. They s:iid that an occurring o:ik dcxlinc, atmospheric polluuon, and the advcn1 of Ille gypsy moll! "'ouJd put further pr~sure.~ on the black bear popul:11ion, p~urc.s 111:11 the bears could not ~usl3in . Raising the weight limi1, they said, would ulklw female bears more years m which 10 breed nnd odd lO the populauon Humers defended 1hcar ethics and pracu~ ;,ind S3id, "Besides, there'~ hclb of~ ou1 lhcrc.• h wns no1 ~urpnsang to those who attended the llC:ltlng tha1 one momh later the NCWRC voted ll-0 10 !'Clain the pound we1gh1 l11ni1 ror Ille black bear. Paul Gallamore of the Sou1hcm Ap113lachian Bl.lck Bear Federation. wh"h lud been a major force behind lhc we1gh1 change proposal, said, "This as d1scouragmg, however. considering 1hc runount or mpu1 1he commission rccch·cd. We know 1ha1 they go1 more than 1,000 lcu.ers m favor of r.usmg Ille hm1L" so Xatuaf1 Journat pn~ 24 11 was a damp dawn 1uming slowly into a mis1 y Sunday morning - Earth Day, 1990. Seventy mourners gathered and held hands in a circle at the ga1es of the Y-12 N11Clcar Weapons Componem Plllnt in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The sad strains of Moian's "Requiem• played in Ille background. "We begin Earth Day with a time of mourning for the Enr1h in O:ik Ridge. Beyond this fence. in these buildings, the brightest of human minds have overlooked Ille most profound and obvious iruth • that our place in creation is 10 be p3t1 of it. in rclntion.~hip 10 the Earth and all crcatwcs, and to care for Iha! which susuins us." the Rev. Ralph Huichison told the black-robed circle of friends with foces p:ain1ed whiic. "This morning we acknowledge that the rclmionship be1wcen humankind and lhc Earth is broken. Jn this pbce we have abused the Enrth from which all life comes-· twisting the gift of life into forces of death. In what was once the gentle f:itming communi1y of Whe:lt. we have beaten ploughs.hares into swords. Md we have lost our priorities.• Following the brief ceremony, a young maple tree was planted in front of the Y -12 sign. Ney Pinedo, a Pcruvirul Indian in 1hc United SUllllS raising support for the Amazon rain fores1, spoke "in Ille nnmc of 2,000 tribes" and gave a blessing 10 the sapling. "This is a symbol of life away from death." Pinedo said. REPRIEVE FOR ALARKA Nanni World News Service The NOrth Carolina Dcpar1mcn1 of Environmenllll f\.13nagcment (DEM) made a political compromise :ind decreed that the waters of Alarkn Creek arc no1 "Ouisl31\ding Resource Waters." as biological tesis show. but •High Quality Waters." a sligh1ly inferior classification. However. that ruling was still enough to hold off developers inicrc.~tcd in turning the well-known na1urnl area inio a golr resorL The developers decided not to citercisc their option IO buy the propcny. and Alarka is safe· temporarily. Opinion in lhc three counties coniiguous lO Ille property was mixed. At a public hcnrmg in Swam County in November of 1989 the reaction was overwhelmingly m favor of the dcvelopmenL Of the lcuers received by the DEM, however, I IS were for prolccting lhc crcclc, while 25 s1ood opposed. Two hundred and eighty-seven people signed petitions supponang proLCCtion and 195 signed agains1 ii. Most of !he opposition was cenlCted an Swain Coun1y, •vherc Ille Citizens Against Wilderness group has organized voters io oppose any fedcrnl or suic land protecuon programs. WHAT WOULD THE TREES SAY? N11un.J World NcwJ 5.,....., Two hundred acuvists from the soulllcasl and 01hcr regions across the conuncnt came ioge1hcr f\.by 2S-27 10 131k aboul S3\ ing Ille 1hrcatencd l'orcsts or this land. Tiic fifth · Nnuon:il Reform lhc ForeM Service Pow-wow" mc1 a1 Camp Green Co,·e an Tuxedo on 1he Green River in North Carolina. A maJOnl)' of 1he group agreed on a statcmcm called "The Green Cove Pl;itform" lha1 outlined wa~s to return native d1vers11y 10 1he fore.\! and create mccntivcs for a more ecological rcla1ionsh1p wuh na1ural forc.<llanch. Ned Frit1. of Texas. 3 leading elder in the movcmcni to resist clearcu1ting, :<p<>ke to 1hc conference :ind led discus.<aons. Jeff DcBonis, a founder of the Association of Focesl Service Employees for Environmental Ethics, which agiuuc.s for ecological forest practices from wilhin the Forest Service ranks, spoke about the sllltus and program of the AFSEEE organization. Dr. Roben Zahner, professor emeritus or forestry at Clemson University, outlined the steps necessary 1 0 restore the eastern old-growth forest; Walton Smilh , a retired forester and membeT of the Western Norlh Caroli na Alliance, spoke abou1 lhe system of uneven-aged forest management he has developed al his Waldce Forest in Macon County; and David Wheeler urged auendccs to approach forest Issues from an ecologically realistic rather than a politically •reatistic" standpoinL Bun Kornegay, a wilderness expedition leader lllld president or the Bartram Trail Socie1y. offered valuoblc insighis as he considered what Henry David Thoreau would think aboul today's environmental movcmena. Bill Oliver and Glen Waldeck rocked the house with their songs of Ille movement that were al once inspiring and emcrtaining. FREE THE FOREST! FREE THE BEARS! NAnnt World New1 Service In a daring daylighl raid, six nmja commandocs from the Earth Liberation Front (ELF). lhe Kaulilb chapicr of the group Enr1h Firs1!. rescued and released Smokey the Bear from the Nantahala-Pisgab National Forest hcadquan.c:rs in Asheville on April 17 The rescuer$ approached lhc building and rc1umcd with the Conner hosuge, who, when asked about his condi1ion, said, ·rn be alrigh1 when l get ou1 of these damn panis. • before 1clling of the horrors of captivity and Ille brainwaslung techniques used in a vain effort to erase his innntc mcmoTics of hfe in Ille wild. Not to leave the Forest Service wilhout 11 mascot, I.he group inuoduced the prcn to Stumpy, lhe paper mach€ stump. their cllJ'ldidatc to more accur.iicly rcprcscm Forest Service policies 10 the public at latge. As black-su11cd commandocs esconed Ille bear to safety, Ran,gcr Fred and Rangercltc Fredericka came on the scene, evidently io pacify the crowd and 10 1um the unscttling event to the advanlllge or the govcrnmcnL Ranger Fred fim gave a discourse on silvicultural economics for those present: "We in the Farce Circus manage the nauonal forests in a muUiphtudc of uses 10 maximize profiL Got a question? Keep 11 '1il Inter.· He then regaled the nudiem:e with folksy, friendly siones m the warm, caring manner of a Ir.lined publicisL "Some day you here arc gomg to take your young ones out inio the fonner forest slump communi1y, and you will be able to impress lhcm wnh your knowledge of woodslore. 'Now that over there; you can tell them, 'is a popl:ir siump. And over !here is a hemlock s1ump.' And they will listen for hours to en1cr1nining and educauonal stories abou1 our r1:11ional stumpland.• Jeff Smllh then re;id the "Ecological Manifesto for th~ Katliah Province" (5CC Kt11UJth Journal #26). which "'as complcicly ignored by 1hc media, who focused !hear coverage on the more frivolous pans of Ille action and tttillatcd their public w11h occnsional mention.~ of "trcc·~p1king" in relation to 1he ELF group. One month la1cr, on May 21 , in ano1hcr vain a1tempt to focus media aucntton on the ecological needs of 1hc fores1 hab1ta1, 1he ELF group and members of n new group, Rescue Rangers, returned 10 the Forest Services. Two members of Rescue Rangers, Da,·id Wheeler and Rodney Webb. posted copies of 1he "f:eologacal M;imfc~IO for the Kaufah Province• and !hen ch3incd themselves 10 the orricc doors, complc1cly blocking them for onc·h:!lf hour unul taken into cus1ody by federal marsh;ils. Dcmonslr:ltors on the sidewalk sang 3nd charalcd. Swmmcr. l 990 �"Stop the logging! Close lhe roads! The hardwood f~t has to grow!" as lhc two resistors were lllken away. "The US Forest Service has lost 11S mandate." Wheeler told lhe press. "It has shown itself incap:ible of caring for lhe forest lands entrusted IO 1L The ngcncy sees iL~ mission as representing human interests in lhe forests, rather lhan serving the ecological nctds of lhc forest 11.SClf.• The "Ecological Manifesto for lhc Ka1uah Province" calls for lhe public lands in the Southern Appalachians 10 be cons1i1u1ed as an evoluuonary preserve IO keep nauvc species from exunclion as a result of the present ecological crisis. All further logging and roadbu1lding would be prohibited in the evolu11onary preserve, and human use would have 10 confonn to 1he nctds of habitaL The program also calls on the people of the province to stop atmospheric pollution. 10 adapt their lifc.~1yles to fit within the carrying capacity of the rci;ion, and 10 cultivate an ou11udc of respect for the natural world. For their act of civil disobedience, Wheeler and Webb face 30 days in jail and a S50 line, and an additional S5,000 fine under a special government law. Cont.1CIS: Rescue Rangers Box 282 Sylva, NC 28779 Earth Liberation Front (ELF) Boit 171 Alexander, NC 28701 For copies of the "Ecological Manifesto for the Katunh Province," write 10: KmUahJournoJ Box 638 Leicester. NC 28748 CLEAR CUTTING: WAY TO GO? OR GO A WAY? RETURN OF THE RED WOLF MIDDLE CREEK FALLS Nanni World Ncwl SCl'licc Natural World News Service In March, I990 three pai~ or red wolves wen: released on the Tennessee side or the Gre:u Smoky MountaiM National Park. If this rein1todueuon IS suecc.~sful. n permanent population of SO 10 100 woh·es will roam this pan or the red wolf native hab1U11. Just over ten years ago lhc red wolf 11.·as extinct in the wild. Forty wolves along the Gulf coast were captured by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and placed ll1 captive breeding programs. Originally the program was at Point Defiance Zoological Park m Tacoma Washington, but it wa~ later expanded IO include six1ccn other facilities. By 1989 the populauon had grown 10 105 animals. However, it is only through reintroduction 10 a free eitis1ence that they can regain the vigor as a specie.~ that millcnia of evolution hnvc given them. The Fish and Wildlife Service released a drnf1 Red Wolf Recovery Plan in 1989. which aims al establishing a tollll populauon of 550 animals, v.•ilh 200 animals living m wild rar"s and other protceted areas. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1s considered a pnme inuoduclion site. By reintroducing the wolves 10 the Smokies it is hoped that the smaller coyote. which has migrated 10 the Smokies since 1985. will be driven out. This logic is somcwruu skewed, however, since the coyote, through the process of interbreeding, was considered one or the major thrcais 10 the small surviving population of red wolves on the Gulf coast. Why this phenomenon would not occur again is not uplained. If the first release proves successful. a second stage will be implemented in which twenty wolves will be released in the more remote areas or the the s17.000 ocro part. The last wild wolves in the Smokies were killed m 1910. A shy animal, the loner red wolf, which docs not hunt in packs. is absolutely no thrcal IO humans. The Middle Creek Falls lie n0t far from lhc rood between Scaly Mountain and the town of Otto in Mlcon County, NC, but not many h:ivc seen them. However. they arc well·known :ind wclf.Joved by those who ha"e clambered down 10 visit them. Since 1916 they have been public propc.ny as pan of the N:intahala National ForesL Now Dudley M:inning. a resourceful developer who has acquired property around the falls, wants lhcm for the crowning jewel and main selling poml for a residential development he is planning for the site. The US Forest Service h;is a practice called land-swapping, in which they publish 11 list Of private lands that they f.:el are stra1cg1cally important 10 the completion of the national forest, and offer 10 swap for these parcels with other Forest Service land of equal value but less Slrotegic imponance. Manning has bought 1wo parcels of land on the Forest Service swap list, one a 1.252 tract along the French Brood River m Madison County, and 1he other a 157 acre traet along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Jackson County. He is offering IO trade both these properties for the 665 acre~ comuinmg the Middle Creek Falls. Local people are upset. Jonathan William~. a writer and publisher from Highland~. t\C, says, "There :ire sacred phlccs here and there on the Earth, where a person can develop depth of feelings . and this is one of lhcm ... I want ii left alons. Change around these pans too often mcansrumation.· And Keith Day. a member or the Bartram Trail Society, has begun an active grassroots campaign on behalf of the falls. These people and their neighbors arc asking others lo write to Gary Benneu; lligblnnds Ranger District; RL 2, Box 385; Highland~. NC 2874 1 asking that the US Forest Service raise additional funds IO acquire necessary lands and not uade off beautiful scenic places like Middle Creek Falls. NATURAL WORLD NEWS continued p.26 Nalllral World News Service Three recent announcements by the US Forest Service give a comment on lhe agency's forest management policies. On April 23. the day after Earth Day, Forest Supervisor Bjorn Dahl announced 1ha1 as a part of the revised forest management plan for the Nantahaln-Pi.~gnh National Forcsis clearcutting would be dc-empllllsizcd as the Forest Service method of choice for timber cutting. He cited public opposiuon 10 the prac tice and instructions from Forest Service Chief Dale RoberlSon in his remand of the Nanlahala-Pisgoh I S-ycar management plan. "We can change, and we are changing." Dahl said. There is good reason for skepticism. Less than one month after this dcclaralion, 1he Forest Service announced anol.her timber sale, called the Bee Tree Sale. in the Pisgah National ForcsL E:o:ccp1 for a ~moll area close 10 a creek, the entire sale tract is to be clearcut and hauled out by cable-logging equipment, which L~ rc-.crved for work on steep slopes. Envtt0nmcnt.11is1S arc up in arms about the sale, and the We.stem North Carolina Alliance, which has led 1hc oppos11ion 10 c:lcarcutung in the mountain province, plans lO appeal the sale. The Forest Service made ilS own comment on its ctearcutting policies when it revealed that clcarcuuing 111 the Nation:il Forests in Nonh Carolina had cost lallpaycrs S2.64 million in bclow-cos11imbcr sales in 1989. The losses in the N:uuahala·Pisgah National ForcsL~ were grc:ucr th:m that, bealuse the Uwharrie l\'a1ion:1l l"orc~t in the piedmont area milk.cs a profit on its timber sales. Summer, 1990 b ~Limh Journm Pa1J"- 25 �(ocmlinucd &om pege 25) on them the invisible stress and reductJon in lifcsp:in continue to be a plague and consequence of our excessive human over- depe:ndancc on fossil fuels. rubber, and mined metals from far away places. From this we structure our socicocs, from this they may also become dcsUucl~ IT MUST HA VE BEEN THE ROSES Narural World News Sc"'ice Orawmgs by James Rhea EASTMAN CO.: WORLD-CLASS POLLUTER Nanni World News Savicc The Tennessee Eastman plant, ~dqWlltcn; and the largest production plant of the Eastman Chemical Corporation has been r:mkcd as the l(>p air polluter in Tennessee and 14th in the Uni1ed Swtes in a study recently released by the Environment.al Protection Agency and the cnvll'Onmental group Citizen Action. The Eastman plant rtlC.'.lSCs 40 million pounds of 1oxic chemical~ into the air each ye.v. 1l1e chemical ace1one makes up 80% of the annual COilie release. Kodak reported tnfornuuon nbout its polluung ncliv1ues in accordance wuh lcgist::uion en11llcd 1he Emergency Planning and Communi1y Right 10 Know Act. The Kodak plane employs 11,000 people and makes fibers, chemicals, and plas1ics. II has been caJlcd co cask bcf<>tt by cnvironmenlal groups who documented tha1 plant emucn1.s were also polluting the Holston River. CAN WE SA VE THE DEVIL '? NllUral World New. s~.,., On Marth 14th 1990, the TruSI for Public Lands (fPL) decided to purchase 828 acre.~ in Macon Count)' known locally as the Devil's Courthou;;e. which is loca1ed on the upper wa~ed of the Chattooga River. The Devil's Courthouse as composed of sheer granite cliffs which drop from the height~ of Whiteside Mounlain to the cove below. Al~o an this upper watershed 3.l'Ca of the Chatcooga River are =kb und a wnter fall named Silver Slapper. This upper aru of the river (five miles west of Cashiers, NC) ha.~ been thrcaccned by developcmem for some ume. The lower pas..<:;iges of the ChaltOOjµ are well known and tm1·elcd by river raftc~. who paddle and slosh throug)I what is dc•ignaled by the federal government as a "Wild and Scenic River." The US Forest Service attempted 10 acquire the lands 111 the upper water \hcd or the Ch:mooga earlier this yenr for inclusion in the Nantahala NatJonal Forest. Fund.~ for protecung this enllle wa1crshcd have not bocn fonhcomrng from Congress. The area has now become the cop priori1y land acqui~ition of the USFS. The Tru.<t for Public Land~ is encouraging the public to support Congressional fondrng necessary lO conscrvc thi5 viwl 11.-:ucrshod. By 5paring u from the ravages of the l'C$0rt Xatiuih Journa( pll!JC 26 market. perhaps its bcau1y and integrity can still be enjoyed by ooming generations. LIFE IN THE OZONE (revisited) Nanni World Ne~ Scrv""' Most of us do it every day: get in the car and drive to the store, or to work, or to drop off the kid~ somewhere. The effects or doing this are generally not apparent to our senses, except for perhaps the smell of exhaust or a p:lUl in the wallet when the car needs rcpall'. Bui the foct is that every tJme we ignite those flaming engines of au1omotive "progress" we create a brew of gasoous cxhnust thm ha~ far more effcet on the current atmosphere than we at first rcali1e. One of the gases created in the "ake of the.~ comb1m1ve cauldrons is ozone • a deep blue, explosive, poisonous, and pungent gas th:l1 exists as three combined oxygen atoms (OJ). The existence of 01.one in the outer "1rnle>5phcrc is essenual 10 screening excessive ultraviolet radintaon from the surface or the Eanh. Yet iL~ cooccntmuon m the inner atmosphere causes rcsparruory problems an mammals, and mh1b1ts the growth or sortwood trees and flowering plants. For human bcmg.s 11 is the elderly and the young that are the mOlil adversely affcclCd by life in the 01.one. 1lydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which are emitted from puttering cars and trucks. come into chemical rc~c:tion in the presence of sunlight and create these insidious tt1unc molecules. Cnrs and truck~ arc the primary source of o~one in these mountains. Summcmme can find us with levels of this molecule exceeding the 113tion.:il ~L:lndards of public health. A nauonal study mto the sources and effects of OlOne contam111a1ion wa.~ ordered ten year ago by the Congress or the United States. As the study nears completion, it has cost 5 million dollar~ and included over 1,000 sdcntJsts and engineers. Final rcpons on the 01one in the air of the inner atmosphere over western North Carolm3 are due later this year. What the rcpon found 1hus far 1s tha1 ozone 1s the worst form of air contammataon an the Katuah Province. Acid rain, a related problem, affects higher clevauons primanly, and according to James Mahoney 11 as the concentration of acid~ m wa1cr..hcd soils and forcsL~ at these elcvauon~ thJt i~ currcnuy causing the gn:.-ucst concern, The lower elevations have yet to show damage as seven:. Our strCCts and highways appear as s=t trac:ks of 1numstve chcm1cal conversion and d1Spcrsion. For the pcclesu'iln moving across them, or the passenger passmg A rcpon recently released by the Swte of Nonh Carolina showed that the Champion paper mill in Canton, NC is responsible for some of the dirtiest air in the enure swte. From January 10 June of 1988 the concentrations of particulate.'\ in the air of the area exceeded state standards five times. These cases account for all but one of the major violations of air QW1l11y in 1988. Suspended particul::ucs or this area were the hig)lest of 74 site.~ studied statewide. The state standard for these aerial molecules is 150 micrograms (mg) per cubic meter. The average at the Canton site was 78 mg, but it reached heights of 216 mg during that y<::Jr A spokesman for Champion International attributed the increase or partieulmcs to a new road built for carrying lime thnl was not watered down tO keep ll1e dust from nying off. A tack or rain that year also incn:a.o;cd the potential for moving dusL They claimed that the problem diminished when they increased effons to keep the lime powder down. Since then the ambient air conditions have cleared somewhat and the slate now consider,; Champion to be an compliance with the Stllte Slalldartl. The dan:ctor or the Western North Carolina Rcgioru:il Air Pollution Control Agency, which is an independun1 group that monitors air quality for State officiaJs, claims 1hat conunucd hii;h levcls of particulllte would be a "nuisance· anJ did not ncceS!>arily indicJtc o danger to anyone breathing it. However, the report they produced also claimed that extreme exposures to panaculate-fillcd rur c:ll1 cause aggmvation of heart and lung dascru;c, and e<m increase the likelihood of cancer and other respirn1ory problems. A broken filler ma ltme kiln at the Champion plant was also cited :is a concributing factor to the increased concentrations of particulate. As complaints "filtered' m from local residents the lime kiln was finally rep:ured in 1989. How muc:h airborne pollution is IOO much? Ask not for whom t.he smokestack fumes. n fumes for thee. TURNTI\G DOWN THE POWER Nanni World News Smlicc The board of directors or the NC Electrical Membership Corporation (NCEMC) voled on May 29 to drop all plans to construct a diesel-powered peak generating system a1 Deep Gap in Watauga County. The board also made it clear that it would not undertake any further plans for building diesel-generated power St:ltions. The board cited licensing delays, public opposauon to the project. and "respect for the wishes or the BREMCO (Blue Ridge Electrical Membership Cooperative) board." which in a face-saving gesture had requested an end IO the prOJCCL ln spite of a loud public outcry. NCEMC had been aggressively pressing ahead with plans for the generating stauon until the Rural Electrificauon Adm1nastra1ion. which had yet to approve the proposal, made a public announcement that it had questions as to the Stalion's effect on the local environment Oppo:;1llon to the Deep Gap swtion was led by the group Mounutan People for Clean Mountain Atr and the Blue Ridge Environmcnt.ll Dcfcno;e League. Summer, 1990 �SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN NlJl"f.7 Ai lD Tl..J:E B10SPFJEit.:E !PROGRJ11Vl The Man (sic) and the Biosphere Program is an international program started by the United Nations Educational, Cultural. and Scienrific Organization (UNESCO) in 1971 to work in particular habitat areas "to build a harmonious relationship between man (sic) and the environment on a scientific basis." The international MAB program has identified a network of biosphere reserves in characteristic biomes (natural regions) around the world. Each biosphere reserve is based around a core zone, a wild landscape which contains as much of the representative diversity of the region as possible. Outside the core zone are various special use areas to promote preservation and study of rraditional land use techniques of indigenous people, in-depth rcsean:h into the ecosystem, and demonsr.ration and study of habitat restoration methods. Surrounding these inner areas would be a multiple-use zone, or what is called an "area of cooperation," where sustainable human use would be practiced. The project is regional in scope. This is shown in the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere (SAMAS) project, which has outlined an area almost identical to the Katuah Province as the Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve. SAMAB was created by the agreement of ~even government agencies in 1988. Southern Appalachia was chosen by UNESCO as one of the first biosphere reserve areas because of "the region's unique and globally significant ecosystem" and because "the Southern Highlands, like many other regions of the world, have been subjected to largely uncontrolled growth in population and auendant development, particularly in the past two decades." UNESCO recognized the Southern Appalachians as "one of two areas in the United States which best exemplifies biosphere reserve concepts." The SAMAS organization already has several projects already underway. Among these are: - developing a computerized ecosystem data base for the region, ~ training specialists to inventory biological diver.;ity (planned are links with Latin America to monitor migratory bird populations). - detecting and chaning climatic changes and ecosystem responses, - developing environmental education programs for elementary schools, - encouraging an environmentally-compatible tourism industry, - and creating a coordinared resource managrnent plan that could be offered to developing countries. The basis of SAMAB is cooperative regional planning. While the regional model being promoted by the organization is excellent, and the project goals arc largely laudatory, the project now consists only of the regional divisions of six federal agencies - the National Park Service, the USDA Forest Service, the Southeastern Forest Experiment Srnrion. the US Fish and Wildlife Service. the Economic Development Administration, the Department or Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Tennessee Valley Authority - the same federal agencies now watching over the rapid degradation of Kattlah's natural habitat The SAMAS concept is still in its infancy. Optimistically, the organization could renect a new outlook and a new commitment on the pan of its member agencies and the organizations, public and private, who join subsequently. The possibility is there. But SAMAB could just as easily be "business as usual" under another guise, if operating policies and power relationships remain unchanged throughout the region. ~ The organization is also interested in beginning a program to tally the botanical and pharmaceutical values of Appalachian plant life. lndrdefeinr lte / " bo f I I I I I I I I I I I I / \. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Multlple Use ArH (Alea of CooP41ratoon) Human senlements, forests and rangelands. and other us4s m11nagad lo ach•ove greillost possiblq hnrmony with tha porpose of th11 biosphere "' Rohabllllallon Ar11 Demonstration of m11tll0ds lo restore degraded landscapes \. 18591119 , ......,;.;;.:.;....:__ _ _ _ _~--_..,1 "Core Zone 1 "" Conservation or natural &eosyslams and biological drvars•ty, baseR111> , 9COlogical monrto11ng ,) , Tradlllonal Us. ArH Experimental Auearch Area Conservation Md study ol Manipulative rese;irch twmomous land uses, Ion managed ecosyslems . 1y.p.,ally by 1nd9nnous ~ ,) I I I I I I I I ~----~~~-----~---------J HIGHWAY TO NOWHEREwnunucd from p. 9 FHA planners returned to the drawing boards. After locating other deposits of pyrilic rock ulong the proposed route, they reloca11:<l the roadway 10 another alignment lhat avoided much of the acidic rock deposits. They then let ne'' construction contracts for the revised route plan. Smee the new contracts have been h:t, pyritic deposits have been encountered in one of the four segments built in Tennessee and three of the six segments in "ionh Carolina. Where pyritic deposits have been uncovered, they have been "encapsulated" in an effort to prevent :mv contact '' ith water. which brings the acidic con1ponents into solution. The rock is excavated, placed over constructed drains, covered with agricultural lime, and then capped with concrete. The success of this method is being evaluated by a research te.1m from the University of Tennessee. and .stream monitoring is being done on a regular basis in cooperation with the US Forest St:rvice. St4mmet, 1Q90 The highway project has also suffered slumps and slides that have added to the expense of the work. David Govus is a grading contractor in Ellijay, Georgia who goes frequently to the wild country below I looper's Bnld to hunt grouse. He says, "It's an unbuildable site...They arc hanging the road on a very steep ridge just above Santeetlah Creek. It's getting close to a 45% gradt: along in there. There are places you can hardly walk up. "They're having to gouge out the ''hole side of the mountain, and they've already had several major slides. Pan of the road coming from lhe Robbinsville side just slid off the mountain. It came 300.400 feet down and wiped out a Forest Service road that ran parallel below. "This was last December. even before \\.'C had the big rains in February." Repair work on lhe slides are currently in progress. and one more contract for the final eight miles of road is due to be let this year. The section 10 be completed passes over Wright's Creek, known locally as one or the finest native trout streams. The road plans call for the highway 10 cross over the creekbcd five times. This threatens the stream's survi\'al. as the headwaters area of Wright Creek contains some of the steepest slopes and some of the largt:st deposits of pyritic rock along the entire route of the new roadv. ay. Da\'id Govus says. ''If somebody could go up there and look at it, it would make them sick enough that they would understnnd how stupid it is. Somebody who appreciates the Southern Appalachian Mountains and who undernands the pressure that's on them can see that the Forest Service land is the last bit of the landscape that's not being totally developed. And here is a wild chunk of !:ind lhat ~hould be a wilderness area, which instead is having this useless highway pu1 through it." , )(.Qt~ )owncal pmJeo 27 �Dear Sirs. Your spring number is a bi1 difficuh to accept as good Ecology. I refer to Snowbird's illustration and write-up on edible wild flowers! We need to protect them - as they are disappearing as development and poor foresU')' practice ruin their habilllt and areas of growth - Why eat wild flowers? • Better way to conserve. • Yours truly. Miles L. Peelle Brevard, NC DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH To Whom It Concerns: Howdy there! I mec1 David Wheeler at the Environmental Summit at UNC-A Saturday. He mentioned that Kat1u1h JC1urnal had a write-up in your last issue on the black bear in regards to the White Oak Communi1y and landfill. This community is my home. I've been working real hard to stop lhis siting. I gave David information regarding this. My concerns are grnve as r feel the noise will ~isrupt the nesting pil~at~d woodpecker and other birds ·the red-tailed hawks, etc. that reside m my mantre hardwood forest that will never be disrupted. I love the sounds of the birds. I really feel for the black bear, the ones 1hat will be poached and the young who will learn an un-natural way of being. The situation was o~e of politics. If th.e bear could vote instead of people, they would wm. My community 1s remote and small · only 90 households. The black bear will be severely affected and the damage permanent. We need help from all who love this wilderness species. I do know without help from the outside, our politicians will win. They're determined. We do have . . people allying with us now, ~ut we need ~verybody. . Enclosed is money, of which l would hke the last issue pertammg to my concerns with the siting of a landfill in White Oak. I'm very active in the light to stop it, your resource might should of sought me out. The rest is for the cause. Thanks. Editors' Note: People on th~ editorial staff had some questions abow this initially, bm after smne discussion we decided to go ahead and prillt tire article. Thank yo11. though.for voicing your concern. WIU7t Snow Bear tells us is: "\Ve certainly don't want to drive wildflowers to extinction. Tire particular plants I chose co write abolll grow in large numbers where. the\' occ1tr in this area. "I also ga~·e specific instr11ctions for gathering the plants ill a respectful ll'a)' The whole point about writing abo11t the wild plams and their 11ses is to com·ey a respect/or those beings. ~1 think that people lfring their lil'e.1· i11 harmony with rite mo11111ains. knowing rlre edible and medici11al uses ofthe native wild plants. would be more inspired 10 preserve the plants and their wild habirat. I don'1 tlii11k that the number of people who go inro wild areas and pick a salad are going 10 mean the end of the wild native plants. b1u if a species becomes rare, we certainly should not gather it. The major threat is in the wholesale destruction oflzabitac." ?lie Sinners "ITU sun gives tfie 'East a ji111J{ slupy norf am{ slips away 6eliina a rosy fii[f. 'IHiife I, at peace for once, suting on my [1".rcft, 'lfien, 'Listen,· a cric~t sfui{(y calfs. 'Listen!' .?l.na tfte evening gossips 6e9m. Sincerely, Carolyn Gann Rt. 4. Box 191 Waynesville, NC 28786 '?(aty tfU{, • a malicious tattfttak si119s out. ·x..a1y aU!n 'tr a wyalf nemt replies. '?(p.ty aitf.' '?(p.ty aitfn t.' '1(.aty tfit{.' ''])itf11't/' Cfiarges am{ counter ones tftstur6 my soul 'Ofi, Lori{,' I 9roa11, 'ls tfrere no e111f to si11?' Dear People. . I discovered your fine journal while staying at the Hot Spnngs Inn last weekend. T was so taken by your issue on "Children" that 1 intend. to incorporate some of the ideas into the environmental educau<?n curriculum of my school · The Montclair Coopcrauve School 1n Montclair, NJ. ... Also (please send) a back issue on "Forests". I became concerned with the clearcutting visible from our hike on the Appalachian Trail and would like to get your views. Thank you, Lora Cooper Berkeley Hts, NJ 'Stop it!" I sliout into tlie noisy crowtl '/won 't liave s(anaer in my own 6ac~arti.' Yet as I speak_! 6fusfi for ptrfuly Jts my tfissem6lin9 mina ~eps wontfering too · '!JUI s(u.? · Marie 'Woori Dear Kauiah Folk, I live in the New River Valley, which ha5 become grist for the DEVELOP • DEVELOP • DEVELOP mill, indiscriminate and insntiable. A green Conservancy has sprung up, but oh so tentatively. unfueled by the real estate busine$$. I hope for ideas from Ka11lalt, as well as good company. Many Thanks! Sally Spangler Rt. 2. Box 4 Christiansburg, VA 24073 Union Acres An Alternative Community -SrrwJr;y Mcnmtain living Ulilh a focus on spiritual and te0logiC11/ 1JOluts• Acreage for sale/ Beautiful lrnCIS of prh'lllC land available for homeSICllding. Approxim:ucly eigh1y :ic~. surveyed into 24 lots of ooe. two. or four acres each. ~vcn acres of common land including cn:dc, meadow. playground, and scenic views. Common property managed by communily conSCl\SllS. Eartb sttwardsbip/ consensus democracy( organic gardening! noopoUuling ttebnolocia/ atttrnalhe children's schoolf rttyclini: «Dier/ retrtalS and .. orkshops/ aod other rooptrali"t tndtu·or~ 5uch as food co-op, etc. For more infonnauon· C. Gmnt. RL I Box 61 J, \\'hittier. NC 18789 (704) 497-4964 • The editorial staff would like to extend a special thank you to Thomas "Breeze" Rums for his donation of a 10% lit11e lo Ka11ialz Jownal. P.Jd AdvcrtlSCmCDI JCnltmh Jatnnul P"9C 28 Summer. 1990 �STEADY STATEcon11nucd from p.9 CNP also satisfies the missing ethical component in modern economics which Daly foments. The CNP of an ecosystem can be increased depending on the amount of care, concern. and respect the indinduals within tt m;imfcst for their hfc community. Carelessness, dii.dain, and a lack of respect lower CNP. The Spirit of the Wild James Rhea's artwork that was the logo for the "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference and the cover of Issue 25 of the Kaulah Journal. is now available to all as conference posters and T-Shins. The posters are beautiful, four-color 11" x 1 renditions of the native species portrait with 7" conference information below and are available for $2.00. The T-shirts are heavy-duty, all-couon, silkscreened by Rldgerunncr Naturals. Only large and extra-large sizes remain. They are available for $10.50. Prices include postage. NC residents please add 5% sales tax. All proceeds fror;n the sale o_f these .itcn:is will support rescue acuons for nauve habitat in the Southern Appalachian forest. Order from: KfllflNU Box 282; Sylva, NC Ka111ah Province 28789 Ultimately. all of lids investigation and discussion has to do with choosing a quality or life in Katuilh. However, as Daly writes, "quality involves difficult judgements. and imposes self-definition and respons1b1ht;-•.. quantity (the CNP measuring stick I involves merely count mg and arithmetical operations that givt' everyone the s.Jme answer and impose no responsibility". It is easier, but not necessarily more accurate, to measure progress by the quantity of concrete, buildings, parking lots, people, and/or dollars in an area. But is this real progress? Cannot progress of society occur without physical growth of structurus and/or people? The building of a home, or of a community, is more than just the erection of structures. It is the creation of a living environment which will help meet, in a sustainable way, the needs of those people who live there. Arc not improvements in the quality of food, air, water, justice, and community relations, progress? Could not the successful maintenance of ecological diversity, and the support systems which are the foundation of this diversity, be considered progress? This is the supposition of the steady state economy "Progress" is the maintenance of the "best" conditions - in a word, quality. In the growth economy, "progress" is the ever-increasing growth in quantity of physical goods and services, leading to the destruction of production capability and life support potential. (cost) $24 milhon in state and students money, and promote the growth of the univer:>ily. An increase in the quantity of dollars to an areil is by ddinit1on .1 ~good" thing for that area. But would the present supporters of lhe construction project still be clamoring for the government money if the dollars were being offered to build a radioactive w.Jste storagc facility? Of course not. In th.JI instance they could easily see the difference between quantity and quality. John Stuart Mill put it \'cry simply and clearly over 100 hundred years ago when he spoke of a steady Stille economy: If the earth must lose a great portion of its pleas.1ntncss which 11 owes to things that the unlimited increase of wealth and population would extirpate from it for the mere purpose of enabling it to support a larger but not happier or better population, I sincerely hope for the s.ike of posterity that they will be content to the stationary long before necessity compclls them to it. , RESOURCES Berry, Wendell. 1987 Tht Gift of Good Lo11d. Nonh Poinl Press, San Fransisco Daly, Hcnnan E. 1977. Steady Stott Economics. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. Daly, Herman E., editor. 1980. Eco110mics, Ecology, Ethics· Essays on a Steady Stott Eco110my. W.H. Fn:cmnn, S::111 Francisco Daly, Hcnnan E.. nnd John B. Cobb. Jr. 1989. For the Common Good. Beacon Press, Bosion. Schulll3chcr, E.F. 1973. Small is Bca111iful: Economics os if Ptoplt /ltartertd. Perennial Library, New York. MOO N D ANC I NG The proposed regional activities center at Appalachian State University is a good example of this conflict between quantity and quality. In the minds of many, the proposed coliseum is "good" because it will increase seating capacity for events to 11,000 people, create a number of jobs (mostly temporary) for local workers, bring in Gift• of Cdebrauon (EARTll WA\1 bOOKSTORE) <! Books • New Age MU$ic Wildaafted Htrbal Product~ Gmutones • Unrqul' Card.i Maga~mcs • & Mort (704) 264-7242 1 IOB Wc..>!>t King Street, Boone, NC 28607 by Jomes Profitt Down in Sylva bear claws haunt the while clapboard town ~rung briefly between two mountains, and the breathing or wild Appalachia moves m and out of the mill's steam spirals up into the sky. A creek dribbles half-heartedly through the edge of this pince. Cherokee lies twenty miles west. There, a hundred Indians ride the bed or a red Chevy pickup with a cooler of beer, lawn chairs, and ancient, laded Levis. Al lhe trading post a small, stunted bl.Jck bear p.1ces his days evenly. Oh-God-am-l-immort.11-never-to·melt-my-bonesand-fur·a nd -hot-brca th-into-I he-stone-of· thisplacc? cries a wee; disgruntled bear soul into quiet hillsides. In the summds fading. men move into those hillside~ carrying nfll'S and trailing dogs lhJrsting for blood in the ho.trsc, secret l.mguilgc of hounds. S\&mmcr, 1990 e1ti11ae ,At11p111ttl11re WILDLIFE "' Jlerbp/gl/I e1i11it T-SHIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS 'l\iage, 'JWfl~I 'Nat!Jraj_s '''" ~~ ~o'~ ~ C/~~ 130 ILC IAAJEBE. I.I. S, Ac..O UC~T v•~ 0 , vo'f.t,·,;p'> ~~:C,o·" Dept. K N Main Street Waynesville. NC 28786 (704) 4~~3..Q03 ,.~ ........ ~·" �Review: Cohousint A Contemporary Approach I• Housing Ourselves This is a book about bringing tile small community back to modem society. The authors, Kathryn McCamant and Charles Durrett, are a husband and wife design team who visited 46 cohousing communities in Denmark. the Netherlands and Sweden before writing this book. They lived at many of these communities for days or months and this gives their book depth and autnenticity. This is a nuts and bolls guide to gathering a group of like-minded folks :ind building a community. The communities the authors studied in Europe were all quite different from each other, but they also shared important features. The groups were all democratic, and there was a refreshing absence of charismatic leaders. They all had various amounts of resident participa1ion in !he design process. AU of the communities provided private dwellings for families as well as common space for group activities. Some of the groups were cooperatives, some had owned units, some rented units, some had both owners and renters, and many had ownership similar to condominium arrangements. The communities varied in size from 6 to 80 households. There was a scrong consensus from both of these extremes as well as from the middle ground that groups in the range of 15 to 30 households is optimum. Some of the communities were buih entirely by hired help while in others the residents did various amounts of the cons1J'Uction work. Some of the communities were very poUlically-mindcd, some very ecologically-minded, some didn't seem to mind at all. lbe advantages of a small community are almost too numerous to mention, but lower cost of housing, children's playgroups, music ensembles, protection from crime, teenage music rooms (Most of the communities had them!), greater energy efficiency, laundry rooms, saunas, soccer fields (or baske1ball courtS), workshops, walk-in freezers, darkrooms, and any other resource one can imagine being shared profi1ably, make a good beginning of a list. My own favorite advamage is enelly efficiency. Through a cen1r.1l heating sys1em and co-generation, a small community can have wannth and power at a small percentage of the ecological and monetary cost 1hat a comparable number of independent houses would use! Small communities can take advanrage of the solar, wind, and water resources which would be beyond lhc reach of one family and beneath lhe notice of a 1own or city. Efficiently congregating humans in small communities leaves much of the land for other species. All of this makes basic good sense. The quesuon left is "how do we get there from here?". Colw1ising is a very good guide for this journey. It is a beautiful as well as a practical book with plenty of color photographs and thoughtful architectural drawings. It is published by Habitat/fen Speed Press and well wonh the $19.95 it costs. If you are interested in living in community, you ~ should read this book. ·reviewed by Will Ashe Bason Cl-ONA conlinucd !Jom p. 7 China's remaining 12% of forest cover is threatened by population pressures and by the demands for wood of the industrialized areas of the country. (One day I saw a 100 foot long log of Washing1on State Douglas Fir being caned down 1he street by straining peasants!) Modernization and rising expectations funher threaten this evolved system by polluting the supplementary sources of protein foods found in the waterways, by acid rain, and by the loss of prime arable lands to urban sprawl, rural industry and private house building in the countryside. The lure of modem lifestyle now projected on millions of TVs is a powerful destabilizing force throughout China. Dut the lessons of China seem unequivocal. If we are to avoid her terrible mistakes and if we are to find harmony with the Nature of our own continent, we can learn from intelligent observation what the Chinese have had to learn by dire desperation. We can avoid China's plight by applying the solutions the Chinese (far too late perhaps) have developed to deal with the ecological challenges they face. We can ignore China (or Ethiopia, Mesopotamia, India, Egypt, etc...} nt our peril. Consider then for a moment what life in Kaniah would be like if we could emulate the present resourcefulness and humility of the Chinese. The intensively farmed prime lands of a few valleys around Asheville could feed the entire population without strain. Thousands of acres of pastures could be returned to forest/woodlot, since we would be eanng soybeans and grains instead of beef and pork. These could provide fuel for home heating and cooking (not to mention vigorous exercise for axe wielders). Since we would be a low energy society, we would have to be doing crafts, farming and domestic arts close to home. We could dispose of our automobiles. Noise, carbon emissions from fossil-fuel burning and the mental stress of the modem lifestyle would deminish. Our communities would, of necessity, be closer knit and less mobile and would thus be stronger sources of social solidarity, so lacking in our ultramobile, treadmill "American life". We would require less things to have as we begin to be farmers, craflSpcople, musicians, artists, woodsmen, poets. Our forest lands would become less accessible and therefore more wild. Old growth forests would come into their own again, since our economy would be one of sufficiency, not cancerous growth. Nature could move closer to us, even as we become more natural people at home. The artificial demarcation between the Wild and the Civilized would fade and the two would intermingle and fuse. An economy of small farms, sm.111 businesses, and mutual interdependence would blossom. People would look on their surroundmgs with a keener eye to the deeper rhythms, functions and mystery. Like the Chinese. we would 11lways know at a given moment which way is nonh and which way is south. We would be closer to the we;11her and be in tune with the seasons at a deeper level. XRtt".nh Journot pnl)G 30 Summer would last longer in our minds and be sweatier. Autumn would be more poignant and festive with community harvests. Winte1 would be leaner, more intimate and contemplative. And Spring would simply mean more. When Spring came to Jiangsu Province! It meant an end 10 the wet and cold with no cenrral heating. nn end to 9 layers of clothing, 1 0 jumping jacks and pushups at dawn, to sponge baths. to turnip soup, to grim faces. Spring meant new life, hope and comtort. The first cucumber never tasted so good as ii did in Jiangsu Province. Let's try to avoid the kind of situation where someone will have to ask this question, "Whose ducks are those?" Let the ducks remain wild in a healthy wilderness. Let a lone hiker ask permission to kill it and give thanks for eating it. Let the mystery of isolated bears return to our psyche, as we tend our gardens of plenty gazing at the distant mountai ns. The Way. the Tao, exists. Let us follow it. Stephen Barrleu c1urefllly lives on the campttS of Warren Wilson College in Swamwnoa, NC where Ire leaches and directs the International Smdent Program lie and his family plan to move w land they have purchased in the Dominican Republic, where they will farm and encourage rural development. ~ - .... · ~ :'litm 1r1 I .,,. ,, , ,,,JCf'IU 704·264·!)210 200W. KlngSt. Boone. NC 3 Blocks Crom Campus Sumn~cr. 1990 �END OF REAL ESTATE coru.inued l'rom p 23 CurTCntly, much human attention 1s put into designing ever more effective ways of killing each other. In many governments this approach has proven disastrous to the ecology o( their regions and to their own economies. By diverting even a fracbon of the now of human 'money', attention, and concern involved with 'destructo-tcchnol9gies' into those forms which work with the timing and material energy cycles of the sun and livmg bJO'Phere it is possible that we can d~1gn basic humAn scale systemS which fulfill the needs of housing. food, he•lth care, travel, tcachtng. and rommunicauon without thrusting our energy discard'! he; pollutants) onto the hfc sustaining environments around us. It means our new "job~ will be to monitor the flow of many fonns of energy •nd make sure 11 is ~cLlble or reusable "ithm the human community, and that what 1s released into the habitat of other animal, plant. and microbial communities is d1Scstabll' by thl'm. PCB's for instance are vl'ry difficult for bacteria and fungi to decompose, while some other chemicals such as organic 50aps are degradable. II would mc.1n adopting a similar kind of energy respos1bihty as we would find in a forest, a creek, pond, or meadow - not allowing a valuable form of energy "go to waste". It would mean de5igning stores and industries with systems and containers that are re-usable. Also worth considering arc food producers that work directly in a villagl' or town in which foods arc made fresh and the need for wrappers and containers would be minimized. Our "ncw~mploymcnt" would also mc.1n finding and using 11\dteri.als that arc more organically digestable by the rest of the biosphere, or at least digestablc in a more reasonable time range. The utterly ironic process of going away from the home or homestead to earn money from someone else to be able to purchase land and housing that some great day m the future you hope to live in and enjoy (perhaps with a family) is a sad •nd telling story of the lack of clear prionhes in modem life. ln a region where Real Estate was NOT long (or queen), there would be encouragement in finding a "house and land" for people who are, or are to become good stewards. One responsibility of the Village would be to keep track of lhe turnover (le; births and deaths) of lhe population of the vlllage and relay this informabon to young couples for example, who are awaiting ho~. Within local Village agn.'Cmcnl!i about the canymg capacity of a farm or pan:cl of land their payment would be in the eifort and skills they applied "on sight". It may abo be appropriate In such contexts to have LETS trading 5)'5tl'IT\S (sec Katllah Issue 22) far goods and services not e)!Changed through cuh or precious metals.. Banks charge "intCl't$1" to thO!>e who 'have not' now for the chinc:e that the)' may possibly 'h3ve' later. This *interest" has traditionally been coming from the workings of the Sun and 81o~here through pLtnts, animals, rung;, and bacteria Now we have replaced these renewing forms of Interest with numbers and the Earth's storage of fossil fuels- which were placed there inadvertantly by the death of living organisms - perhaps in order to keep carbon atoms from contnbuting to the over-concentTation of greenhouse gasses in lhe atmosphere. Could a system be created through which land or a house would be "worked" and taken are of by a person or a family and "paid for" by the work they actually do while living at the residence? It would certainly assist the effort in reducing the now of harmful and mundane molecules (such as automobiles spitting out their weight in carbon-dioxidl' m one year) which is creating an enVJronmcntal crisis for many of the larger multi-cellular organisms like ouselves. The overarching context of the present economy prescribes that there must be a middle person involved to retail, or scoop-off some extra money m the transaction between a human family and the land. Most of lhe "monitary profit" from someone actually living on the land they are trying to acquire goes off to someone else wllO is free to walk off with it, through the craft of law and Instituted customs. By giving value to what the source of wealth is; the know-how, plants and animlls, materials, tools, hulTWl and other than human relations, and the capacity of human bciilgs to be adequate stewards in this process - we could possibly find ways to g;ve back to the land the attenhon that is being taken away from ii l?.Y 'Working Jobs' that •re often meaningl~ (or ha\•c htllc to do with actual hfe support) and become nearly purpo$Clcss to the attempt of finding harmony in human relations. and within the relations of the region they inhabit. Mind you. there would h<l\'C to be some stnct prohibitlons to people that would abuse such a woy of "eamfog a living". No ultimate guarantee exists that ways of hum.ln fundamentalism. trickery, commcroahsm, and "nus-m.11"1gcment• that have been C\idcnt In our past will not find l~ wny into such a Re-'"ISiomng or the basic pnnciplcs of Real Estate. At the same time, how could we prevent such regulation from becoming too rigid and burcacratic7 One s11ggcs11on comes from Anthropological studies showing that groups, or etrclcs, of "primitive" people numbering only as many as 40, were able to communicall' about b.151c assumptions mtlsl clearly and clfoctivcly, e\-en though the ways they organizl'CI their affairs were not always linear or Summer, I 990 'rational'. Perhap; this kind of organizing in the context of non-lethal technologies would aid in decision making more than large, overly cumbersome 'bodies' of people haggling over agendas and policies for long periods of ttmc, •nd insi5ting on rigid heirarchical fonns of order. There would be hard work involved for those choosing to be a ~rt of such an ecologically minded approach to human hre support in the greater contCl<t of H•bitat rreservatlon. A justice syMem that involved inhabitants other than human, along with the repo0$ib1lity or human caretakers And the carrying capacity of the land would be one very different from the primanly urban and l'llCdlJlmainy mdustnal slate as it exists now. Such a system would involve biology as a cruelal aspect of such an intcr-spcoes JUStire. The main problem With this would perhaps be find mg Agreements about what such a fonn of justice v.ould ~n. and how offenders to it would be dealt with. Would we samply rccapttulatc our CWTent shamefully inadequate ways of "lmpnsoning" people an an Ecological State, or would there be community service penances? An l'COnomk system of accounting the direct work done on or from a "peace" Of i.nd for housing. or the ability to hve ma given plare and obtam life suppprt in a VJllage ronk'ltt, ls also quite foreign to our way of life now (though II has rc-ci.1~ted many tim..'5 through the human past). Instead of proving you are Worthy to an employer, perhaps you could prove 11 to a council within a community or village <or group of villages). Would such villages be patterned afkr collccllve socictil'S m which crucial lands, tools, and foods arc distributed more l'Venly among the populace? Or would it be fashioned after market l'COnom1cs 1n which what a person or fAmily is able to create and sell on a market dl!tcrm1~ their wealth and status in lhe community? The collective notion seems to prove too uniform in character with a sti!fiing of diversity and often of helpful innovations as well. Capitalistic notions appear to be too diverse - the markets fill with multiple products that require specialized means of repair and the pooling of capital becomc?S paramount to overall ecological health. I thtnk there will be some of both ol lhesc ways of cultural organizi!ll; involved 1n an ecological approach to human commumhcs, much as in th~ practice of Land Trusts (see Ka!Uah lsue 20). In a Land Trust the foundcn determine 'guidelines' whlcb pcrchascrs of land in the rommunity must agrre to in order to '1nJy" anto IL The land is removed from lhl' "frre market" of busmess. and IS open to the decisions of loCal residents who are in rlttd of maintaining the land's integrity ~or their own survival. Our current lnduslrial Chaos in ~l contributes to the stiffHng of human CMrgf cs and experiences in finding collective and perso~I ways of M<lture (or climactically stabalizing> ecological relauol\lhips with the many cycles of energy and form found in the ·nch" and rare environments of this Uving Planet. To find an order now, that is not a throwback to a supposed order of long ago, is our current challenge. An option for ecological in~ty, an which industries would perhaps become Tnl '"plants", is not an absolute proposition, however. An astcrlod rould collide with tliC Earth and throw the Earth's living systems into a chaos far more inteMe than what we are doing with our bombs and industries now. Can we retrieve from the self-Initiated chaos and fear from whicli we have been building Into "mlhtary industrial complexes" for hundreds of years? C..n we create a polity that does not seek to manipulate and scavenge the lives of the •common people" thay proport to support? The expericnct' of human corruption. greed • .and power struggle5 for social positiorung cannot be left out of consideration when. imagining ecological villages. Yet if the bulk of Non-roal estate societies revesred women, m1nontics, relative honesty and ea>logical health, apprenticeship. •nd non-partici~hon in militarism more than It does the previou!lf mcn11oncd "attributes", the chances or more JUSI social ~ems rould have a greater potent1<1I of cof!Ung Into existence. In ~· there ili now a.c1oler mutual ronsistcncy brtwecn our own ~II being .and that of the enVlronmcntal context of the Earth Unpredic;tabillty and tunnoU arc likely to percolate in human societies. Even (r we can design villages that are ecologically sound there arc no guaranl1?6 that OUT social and personal Ills "'ill be cured. Such secnunsly "fmrretenal" concerns as conflicts of assumpuons. violent behavior, drug addiction, croWding. lying and dcrual, romantic relatio~ gone sour, ~ge rebellion, disfunctlONll famihcs, ond other maladies of the human coru:huon are os mbmatcly ln\•ohro with these so called 'Green Technologies' as the design of the systems themsclvcs. It may be true that by Cl'l'attng a more healthy context between oursdn.-s and the blola uf 1hc rq;lon we Inhabit :;ome or ou~ current social malaise C'an find a plare to heal old wounds, yet it is too easy to think that there Is some •fix" that we can put on our soctelli.'S that will heal this once and for all. There must also be an nccompanying inner ab1hty of the personality to become 1nll'g1'.tll'CI into a group larger than Itself, v:·h1le . rcuunmg the self-assertiveness nl'Cl'SSlry for identity and protc<:non. , . JCatUah Journat pa9e 3l �PEOPLE ANO KABITAT ccnlinued &om p.13 manner in which they earned !heir wealth. The very isolation that bad protected the mountains fro!11 induslrializatio~ for ~ long now proved their strongest attracoon. City-dwellers realized that they could "have" that isolation - all they lacked was a way to get there. Thus began the era of the four-lane. The Appalachian Regional Council brought in federal money to help state governments upgrade old roads and build modem expressways. . During th!s same period agriculture dcclmed sharply m the mountains • and with it declined the traditionally high birthrate that had always characterized Appalachia in the minds of outsiders. With the construction of new roads in-migration became the driving force in th~ population growth of the Katuah province. Today the rate of biological growth (the ratio of the bmh rate to the death race) remains at flat zero or in fractions of a percentage point (0.07 percent in 1984), while the rate of in-migration continu~ to rise dramatically, putting the overall populauon growth of the Southern Appalachians we.11 above the national average. The number of reurces tr3nslocaling to the mountains raises the percentage of monality and skews the biological growth rate somewhat, but a look at the figures shows the dominant influence of migration on the regional population. Lack of access has always been the limiting factor on growth - the growth of human popul~tic:>ns'. ec<?nomic development, and mdusmahumon • m Appalachia. Lack of access protected the wild nature of the mountain habitat. Now the cork is out of the bottle. The sporadic stream of in-migration has turned into a flO<?d. As ov~r-populatcd Europe once offered an mexhausnble supply of humanity to fill up the New World, the large eastern cities now do the same for the mountains. as the interstate highway system offers an easy means of travel. Along with the increase in new residents, there has been a tremendous increase in demand for recreational opportunities in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the national forests. Today. human management and hullllln use penetrates to the deepest reaches of the forest on 4,900 miles of forest roads and touches every aspect of life on vinually every acre of the mountain forest habitat. Meanwhile, wildlife has been pushed back to the most remote areas of the forest in search of food and safety due to the clearing necessary for roads and development and the associated noise. The Norlh Carolina High~ay Bill (or Come One, Come All! ) . l n 1989 the North Carolina state legislature passed a $8.8 billion Highway Bill. Go~emor.Jim Martin's plan is to place "every resident m the state within 10 miles of a four-lane road," build by-passes around seven urban centers (including Asheville). pave 10,000 miles of ~e~ondary gravel roads by 1999, and the remaining gravel roads in the state by 2006. To hear the road boosters talk. the new roa?s are g?ing to bring in all 1he good aspects of 1 n~ust~al culture and none of the bad. There s big bucks in it for everyone, we are to!d, an~, because we live in 1he mountains, thm~s will be as nice as they always were. The Envaronment Committee assures us th:it all this development can proceed with no impact k:otMm ) 0 1.0 ·\iQL pJ9 e ~i whatsoever on the "beautiful mountain scenery that is so important to all of us" • in fact, it'll be even better, because there will be m()re people here to enjoy it with us. THE FOURTH TURTLE ISLAND BIOREGIONAL CONGRESS (NABCIV) In reality, the greatly increased volume of traffic that will pass over the new highways will h~ve a tremendously damaging effect. New highways mean more use, more commerce more in-migration, and more human demands on the already over-stressed habitat. Since the 1960's the word "access" has taken on a new and more sinister meaning with the widespread use of the television set. The TV has had a rapid and unprecedented effect on mountain culture. With a TV in almost every home, the cultural isolation of the mountains is at an end. The greater society comes right into the living room almost every night of the week. The cultural model is no longer local, but is broadcast from New York and Los Angeles. and the image now permeating the minds of the mountain people is the same as that being received by the rest of the population of the continent, wherever they live. There are no regional distinctions in this model, it is bland and homogeneous. It is also urban in nature. as most of the dominant culture is urban-based, and it causes dissatisfaction in the minds of rural viewers, who begin to feel that they are being left out of the American Dream when they see urban consumpuon patterns and urban lifestyles on the flickering screen. The TV has caused great changes and great contradicrions in the Appalachian way of life. With Lhe powerful weapons of the TV and the automobile, the cultural conquest of the mountains is nearly complete. will be held August 19·26 at Lake Cobbosseecontee, near Augusta, Gulf of Maine Bioregion As access opened the mountains to the ravages of unrestrained technology at the cum of the century, so now is it bringing in an outside culture and unrestrained numbers of human beings. We are the greatest threat to habitat in the Southern. Appalac hians. Rampaging development will be our greaiest local concern in the decade ahead. We long ago overshot the capacity of this region to support the weight of our population and our induslrial technology. Now, rather than manage the forest to meet our unending demands, we need to manage ourselves, our numbers and our way of life, that the forest may continue. In the long run, this would be the best for all the inhabitants of the mountain forestlands. ourselves included. This process requires values that arc at once new and at the same time very, very old. These values are the subsmnce of the bioregional vision. We need to learn/remember them and pass them on. Only then will we be able to approach a reasonable carrying capacity of human beings in the Katuah province of the ,, Appalachian b1oregion. S pecial thanks to Tersh Palmer a nd Karen Lo hr for their contribulion. The fourth continental Bioregional Congress is convening to plan strategies and share energy to meet the challenges of the coming decade, which is shaping up to be a crucial one in the development of the present world culture. The species of life on this planet are being hard hit by the weight of human numbers and human technology. The future of planetary evolution is at stake, and we cannot waver or hesitate in defending the other creatures of the world and their habitats. They are disappearing rapidly, and once gone, they are gone for good. But our actions would be in vain if we did not establish new and different cultural styles ways of living that are specific to the natural regi?nS that support them ... ways of being that tap m10 the deepest roots of their natural living plaee...these are what will endure. The potential of the next ten years is tremendous. Let us come together for the sake of the world and all that is wild. If you arc interested in at!Mdiog NABC lV from lhe Katuah Province, conl.3Ct the K a1uah Journal (Box 638: Leicester. NC; Kalu3h Province 28748) to coordina1e transponation and consider how we will represent our region at the Congress. Rcgis1rn1ion for NABC IV is SJ75 for odults, SIOO for children. Mrul Congress queries or rcglstrntions to: Turtle lsland Biorcgio113I Congress Gulf of Mnillc Books 61 Mainc SL New Brunswick, ME Gutr or Maine Bioregion 04011 .r!!J' ,te:.-' WNC ALLIANCE HIGHLANDS-CASHIERS CHAPTER A new chapter of the Western North Carolina Alliance has been formed in the Highlands-Cashiers dismct, the uplands of southern Jackson and southeastern Macon Counties on the Blue Ridge Divide. This area comprises the headwaters of some of the most important water sources in the southeastern quarter of Turtle Island. The Cullasaja, Cha11ooga, Tuckasegee, and Whitewater Rivers rise here, as well as Tessentee and Middle Creeks, important tributaries of the Little Tennessee River system. The new Alliance group states its purpose as being an effective grassroots organization promoting a sense of stewardship and caring for the mountain environment. Their goal is to protect and preserve the quality of the land, water, forests, and air through education and public participation in policy decisions at tll levels of business and government. For more information about the group, ca!J the WNC Alliance office at (704) 2588737. .,(4m'mU, 1990 j �27-29 JULY SWANNANOA, NC Vision Ques1 wi1h Morgan E:igle Bear. Offerings. Those wishing to paruc1pa1e, write Morgan C/o The Earth Ccn1cr Sec 6123-24. HOT SPRINGS, NC ~ Cherokee Law and Holy Land: Leaming About Row to Live in Nonh America..• Woricshop with Dr. Robert Thomas, raised in a traditional comunity m the Eas1em Ozarks. Storytelling. fasting, discussions, Sacrifice to the Fire, Salu1c to the Sun, Pipe Ceremony. $95. Pn:-regis1cr. Southern Dhanna Reuca1 Center. sec 7/13-15. 4-8 12-15 Asheville Anisis' Markel & Fes1 on Lexington Ave Downtown Asheville. NC. Thru 1he summer on Fri, Sal, & Sun, 10 am • Sunset Exhibi1or.; will include local anisL~. environmental, educational, & social concern groups, food. Local musicians pcrfonning and an open slllgc daily. For info. call (704) 251-2313. in Full Moon Sweat Lodge every Saturday closest to the foll moon at the Eanh Center, Swnnnanoa. NC. Call (704) 298-3935. JUNE 21 SUMMER SOLSTICE CELEURA T ION 23-24 SWANNANOA, NC Drum-Making Workshop with Pal Slark. Building a medicine drum. S150. supplies included. The Eanh Cemer; 302 Old Fellowship Rd.; Swannanoa, NC 28776. Call (704) 298-3935. 24·30 TOWNSEND,TN "Teacher & Naturalist Weck.• "For classroom tcachen, nar.uralists, and anyone intercs1cd in learning 3boul the natural world." With Doug Elliou. Eustace Conway, music by Lfa and Lynn Shaw. Sl50. Contacl: Great Smoky Moun1nins Ins1itu1c al Tremont; Townsend, TN 37882 (615) 448-6709. U..27 KNOXVILLE, TN Economic Dcvelopmcn1 as ir Women Maucred Conference. Co-sponsored by Levi Strnuss Foundation, Tennessee Valley Authori1y, Episcopal Diocese of Eas1 1N. Info: Vicki Creed, Community Aff3ll'S; Levi Strnuss & Co.: P.O. Box 15906; Knoxville, TN 37901. 27-7/1 tu GH LANDS, NC "Landscape Photography in the Blue Ridge Mountains" with Gil Leebrick and Dan Rohn. Dcmonsuations, field trips, and darkroom session.~ S200 includes lodging. Appalachian Environmental Arts Ccn1er; P.O. Box 580; Highlands, NC 28741 (704) 5264303. 30-July 8 CELO, NC Rural Soutticm Voice for Peace Office Building Workcamp. A specu1I week for volunteers. skilled and ull$lt1llcd, 10 come help build RSVP's new orrice building on the Celo Community Land Trusl Info: RSVP: (704) 675-4626. \I LI NVILLE, NC 35th Annual Grandfather Mountain Highland Games and Gathering of Sco1tish Clans. Pag3entry. pipe bands, Scottish athletics ceilidh. For more informa1ion, wruc Box 356: Banner Elk, l\C 28604 or call (704) 898-5286. HOT SPRI,GS, NC "Po1n1ing at the Sun; Holding Up the Moon: The Five Ammal Frolics" w1rh Jay Dunbll' and Kathleen Cusick. Workshop on ancient exercises from China used to prepare mind for both martial arts and meditation. $70. Pre-register: Southern Dharma Rctrea1 Center. RL I, Box 34-H; Ho1 Springs, NC 28743. 26-8/5 FOLKMOOT PERFORMANCES Folk Performers from Austria, Bulgaria, France, Greece. Hunmgary, Indonesia, Ireland, the Ukraine, Phillipines. and possibly Haiti. Performances in Haywood, Buncombe, Macon, Henderson, and Madison Counties. Call the Folkmoot office for schedule and prices: (704) 456- 3021. 13-15 14 15 SWANNANOA, NC "Women's Ceremonial Mask-making"with AniLD Maloney. teacher wuti the Bear Tribe. Free per.;onal power through the use of ceremonial masks. S 100. The Eanh Center, see 6123-24. AUGUST 2 SWAfliNANOA, NC Buck Ghost Horse at the Earth Center. Open talk. Love offering. See 6{23-24. 2-4 HELEN, GA "Mountains or Imagin:uion" Puppet Fesllval Helen Festc Halle Pavilion For info.. call Pat Minnaugh (305) 925-6833. 3-5 16-22 WILLIS, VA WOMEN'S WELLNESS WEEK · Nurture and Heal Your Body, Mind and Spirit. "Womerls Wellness Week gives us the time, energy, and gifts of our sisters and the E.anh to help us heal ourselves, our species, and our planet home". Pre-register: $350. For more information write or call: lndian Valley Retreat Center; Rt. 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380 (703) 789-4295. WEAVERV ILLE, NC The Golden Rod Puppets perform! with friend Hobey Ford. Weaverville Library 11 am. SWANNANOA, NC "Sacred Teachings of the People." Buck Ghost Horse (uadluonal Sicangu-HunkpaJD Lakota). The Coming or the Sacred Pipe, Pipeways. Arrival of the Seven Sacred Ceremonies, HlstorY of the Sioux People. SI 00. The Eanh Center. Sec ~3-24. 19-26 LAKE COBBOSSEECONTEE, GULF OF MAINE The Founh Nonh American Bioregional Congress to be held this year in the Gulf of Maine Bioregion. (sec facing page) 19 22-27 HI GHLANDS, NC Workshop on "Sexism and Peacemaking" featured as pan of "Mountain Great Escape" wcck a1 the Mounlnin. Pre-rcg1stet in advance for wcrk.<hop or fer the whole week. See 7/1·6. 26 WVTHE\'JLLE, VA The Golden Rod Puppets pcrfonn! wilh friend Hob<.:y Ford Wylhc·Grnyson Libraries. 11 om. Drawings by Suwn ~ 24-26 LOUISA, VA "Celebrating Our Diversity• • Women's Gathering. At Twin Oaks Community. Sliding scale S35-S95. Info: Women's Gathering, Twin Oaks, Louisa. VA 23093. (703) 89-1-5126. SEPTEMBER 11-12 UlGHLANDS, NC "The Political Landscape" with Roben Dawson. An with a purpose - the photographic image in the environmental movement. $200 includes lodging. Appabchian Environmental An:; Cen1cr; sec 6127-7/1. �wwrac~~.~O~ unused can,·as. 6 fL wide. Enough ror a full· size TIPI or very large tenL Cost S380. Will sell for $220. 298-7639, Asheville. Living Wheel Herb Company.Ceremonial and culinary, wildcrafted and organically grown herbs. Send for a fn:c cat31og. P.O. Box 427 Tonasket. WA 98&55 WOODSCRAFT - Seeking to correspond with petSonS mterestcd in primitive woodscraft skills such as. bow/dlill fire-making, u-.ick.ing, snan:/dc:Utlfall uupp1ni;, etc. Have attended Tom Brown's basic class. J.T. Garrison, RL 4, Box 667. Spring Cuy, Tn 37381. Wicker Worker. Wicker fomilure restored. Cane. spht. and rush sealS woven, ba.~keL~ repaired Experienced SC3l weaver. "If you can't, we cane." Andrea Clll!kc: 27 MaJt SL, Asheville, NC 28801. (704)253-624 l. MOCCASINS, h311dcrafled of clkh1de in the tnld1tionsl Plains Indian Style. Waicr resiSlant, resalable, and rugged • great ror ltilcing! Children's and infant si7.C.~ available. Wntc: Earth Dance Moccasins; Bo-.. 931: Asheville. NC 28802, or call Patrick Clnrlc at 254-8116. The Infinite Light Fellowship is opening a Meditation Center which will offer mid-day medi11u.1ons, as well as evening and Sat. worlcshops on spiritual growth, dreams, healing. Open IO all. Ant Iron Bldg., 20 Bauery Parle Ave., Asheville, NC. Info: Al Bouchard, (704} 254-2080. CIRCLES RETURNING • a new cas~cttc by Bob Avery-Grubel! This 1s music to touch the soul and heal the hcalt. Lyrics included. To order send SIO per casseue to: Bob Avery-Grubel: Rt. I Box 735: Aoyd, VA 24091. Sl<lNFOODS • ftelih, hand-made hcrtxll skin prcpar.11.ion~ at n:a.o;onable pnces. Send for pncc hsc 106 E. Main St.; Johnson C1ty, 11'1 3760 RSVP is building an ofllcc home of our own and asking for your help. Half of the S25.000 cost already raised or pledged. Solar design and help wnh appropriaic tcch :iJso doll3tcd. Labor will be by Volunteers for Peace and regional voluntccrs. Please join us in making big ~tcp into future. CREATION SOAP· hand-crafted h~rbal soops from II~ Blue Ridge Mountains. Rose and lavender soap$. mob1ur1<.ing bat, •hampoo/condi1ioncr bar. Comact Anna; RL I, Box 278: Blowing Rock, NC 28605 (704) 262-2321 . Wanted: Home & Shop Space for Light Woodworking. (400 sq. fL+). For rent or exchange: would prerer within IS miles of A~hcv1llc. NC. Needed 9/90. We are responsible and caring. Md would love C3J'lhconscious neighbors. Brce1.c Bums, Janc1cc Ray &. Silas, Rte.l. llo1188-J. Quincy, Fla 32351, (904) 442-6474 I AM LOOKING FOR A POSITION with an cnvironmcnl.'ll awarcnc,s/acuon organi:i.alion m the Katfuh region located m A~hcv1llc or nearby. Prerer pan·llme, beginning 1n summer or fall 1990. A writer/ncwslencc editor by trade, I have cxpenence in lobbying, rccruttmg and tr.umng volunteers, leading and organi7.mg cvcnis. Please contaet Janc1ce Ray, Rt. I, Box 188-J, Quincy, FL 32351. (904)442-6474. J(.Qt®h Jo,muaf. pa<]& 34 SPIRITIJAL PERSONAL ADVICE. Concspond with your Nauvc Grandfather. All qucsuons addressed from Medicine Perspective. No clurge ever. SASE with letter to: Blue Sky, Box 5387, Largo. Fla. 34649. ADVENTURES FOR EVERYONE • Backpacking, canoeing, llama trekking m the NC mountains, SC barrier islands, Congaree Swamp. Families with young children and seniors welcome • llamas will airry your gear. uam MINIMUM IMPACT rr.chmque.~. r.cology, plant and animal identification, rockchmbmg, whitewater C311oemg. etc ... Emphasis on perlOllal growth. For more information write: Magik Trek~. P.O. Box 6876, Columbia, SC 29260. GRE.ENll'G CARDS • correspondence and advocacy cards for people who care. Onginal an reproduced in color. (I 091: of proceeds donated to proJCCIS for pc.ace wid justice.) Write IO Ginny Lco12. LovEarth Creations; Box 1445: Black Mountain, NC 28711. ENVTRONMEl\'TALLY SENSITIVE l..Ai"IDSCAPL'lG SERVICE- Lawn maintenance, trees. shrubs, Oowcrs &. edibles. Organic. Patrick Clark. 254-8116. WORK FOR PEACE. STOP PA YING FOR WAR! For informauon about conscientious resisl3occ to war Ulllcs, including resources. local contaCts, phllosophy, how-1o·s. and consequences, contact the National War Tax Resistance Co-ordinaung Commill.CC, P.O. Box 858 IO, Seattle, WA 98145. (206)522-4377. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS • herbal salves, unctures, & oils for birthing &. family health. For brochure, please write: Moon Dance Farm; Rt. I, Box 726; HWTlpLOn, TN 37658. Spiritual Knowledge shared. advice given 10 those who are seeking or m need. Always personal and strictly confidential. Contnbutions acccptod, but never required. Send SASE 10: Circle Communications, Boit 412, Dillard. GA 30537·0412 NATURAL CH1LDBTR1ll CLASES speciallLlng in the Bradley Method. Clas...cs are small and include nuDition physiology, consumerism, parenting skills, and rclaxauon and labor support techniques. For more informa11on call or write Maggie Sa.ch~: 808 Florida Ave.; Bristol, TN 37620. (615) 764-2374. NEW AGE COMMUNITY FOR~IJNG on 57 acr~ of land. Located on sacred Cherokee Stone Mountain. Visions or hc.:iling the c.:inh & our chi ldren. Parcel~ avadable. All Southern Exposure, strong creek runs through middle, with little creeks on either side. Many springs. gentle land. Contact Sue Ann Rmcr, Rt. 2. Box 314, Vila~ NC 28692. SKYLANO • log on 10 the computer bullcun board of the Smokies. Networking, plus news on the cnv1ronmcn1, nature photography, games, computer ullhtics, much mate. Contact M1ch.:Jel Ha,·chn, sysop. (704) 254-6700. ASTROLOGICAL CHART with a.~ct grid and key to astrological symbols. Send SIO, SASE, and btnhda1e (mo/day/yr), b1rthtirne (00:00 AM/PM), and birthplace (cny, Sl.3.te) 10 Star Charts. P.O. Box 18205, Ashev11le, NC 28814-0205. HAWKWrND EARTH RENEWAL CO-OPERA11VE is an 87 acre primitive retreat and working community farm.. Located in the Northern Alabama mountains, just 115 miles northwest of Atlanta. Classes on altcmauve tifcstyles and Nau"e American philosophies nre available on a regular basis. A schedule or events is 0\'311.lblc upon requCSL Healing Arts and Ean.h Renewal gatherings arc planned on a quarterly basis and facitilJCS are available for private organizational use. For infonnntion or catalog of Native crafts & products. call (205)635-6304. MOUNTAIN DULClMERS • made of black walnut, red cherry, or maple. To~ available in wormy ches1nu1. buttcmut, swcc1gum, sassafras, western cedar and olhcr woods. Contact: MU.e Dulcimer Company; Rt. 2, Box 288; Bloumvillc, TN 37617 (615) 323-8489. SPECTRE OF THE WITCH • Call for slides. Artists within a 200 mile radius of Asheville, NC arc invited 10 submit work exploring images of the Witch, from goddess power through feminism. Deadline for reception of slides is September 10th. Send to: "Spectre of the Wnch:" 37 Baltimore Avenue: Asheville, NC 2880 I. ORGANIC BONEY • Tulip Poplar, Sourwood and WildOower. From Patrick County, Virginia. No chemicals, no white sugar, no heat, ever. Strained through cheesecloth and p:ickcd in heavy glass ammng jars. For a 4-ol. sample of our premium sourwood and our catalog, send S4 10: Wade Buckholts & Meg311 Phillips; Rouie 2, Box 248: Stuan, VA 24171. (703) 69-i-4571 STIL·LIGllT THEOSOPlllCAL RETREAT CENTI:R • a quiet ~cc for personal mcchtallon, group interaction through study, and communuy work, and spintual seminar.. Contact Leon Frankel: R1. I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786. Let MEDICINE WIND blow through your mind! Exotic handmade Bomboo FlutcS. rare scales. fine tuned. Free hrocurcs. Wntc: Mcdicl!IC Wind Music: 86 NW 55 SL. Gainesville, FL 32607. RHYTHM ALIVE • Handcrafted African· Style Drums, workshops, learning tapes, drumbags. 311d accessoncs. PIC.1SC send SASE lo Rh)thm Ali\'c!: 85 Phenix Co\·c Rd.: Wcavcrv1lle. NC 28787 {704) 645 3911. V..'EBWORKl?l:G is frtt Send submL~sions to: Ora"'1ng by Rob Mu..ck Kat1illh Jour110/ P.O. Box 638 Lciccster, NC Kattlah Province 28748 S"mmu. 1990 • �Tire Katuah Journal wams ro comm1111icme your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional pro,•ince Send rlzem to us as /euers, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs. ere Please send your co11tribwio11s to 11S or: Katuah Journal; P. 0. Box 638; Leicester, NC; Ka11iah Provillce 28748. "Water is life" is a priflciple with which we are al/familiar. Issue 29 of 11te Katuah Journal will concem i1self wil/1 wa1er and watersheds in 1/ie Sowhern Appalachians - the blessing of water, how it affects 1/ie lives of all of us who live here, and what we can do to protect it. Ariicles deadline - July 20: Edi1orial meeting August 4; i.A)•oUJ - September 8 until... "Jobs" IS a word tha1 is ust!d like a club to silt!nce dis.uni and beat dO\\n tht! impulse for creutivl! living. In tht! .~ense of "right l1velilwod," worJ; ho~ on important place in our lives, and we nud 10 acknowledge its role while questioning how it is used as an instrument of oppre.rsion by the dominant culture. The regional economy is the physicol /oundalion of the l:>ioregionol vision. /low is it being realized? BACK ISSUES OF KATVAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE- SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agriculture • SunOowcrs Human Impact on the Fo!C$1 · Cltildrcns' Educa1ion Veronica N1cholas:Woman 1n Politics • Liulc People - Medicine Allies ISSUETEN-WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers - Circles of Stone • Internal Mythmaking - Holistic Healing on Trial Poems: Steve Knauth • Mythic Places · The Uktcna"s Talc - Crystal Magic · '1)rcomspcalUng" ISSUE FOUR SUMMER 1984 Water Drum • Water Qualily • Kudi.u • Sow Edipse - Cliwcuning · Troul • Going 10 Watet Ram PwnJll Microhydro Poentt: Bennie Lee Sinclair. Jim Wayne. Miller ISSUE FIVE - FALL 1984 Harvest - Old Way• in Cherokee Omscng Nuclear Waste Our Ce.Ilic Heritage Bioregionali1m: Past. Prescn1, and Future John Wilnoty - Hc.alutg Darkness - Poliuc:s of Paniclpation ISSUE SIX WINTER 1984·85 Wmtcr Sobticc Eanh Ceremony • Ilorsc!""'lutc River • Corning of the Light • Log Cabin R00te - Mountam AS""ul111"'; The R1i;ht Crop • Willi= Tl)llnr . The Furur< or th~ Fore.-i ISSUE SEVEN SPRING 198S Swtamable EconomK• Hot Spnng• Woikcr Owmmh1p • The Orcat Economy - Self llclp C"rcdn Union • Wild 1 urkcy • Respo1U1ble Investing • Working m the Web of life ISSUE EIOIIT · SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Katliah 18.000 Years Ago - Sacred S11A:S • Folk Alu. m the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle Poc1m: Hilda Downer ·Cherokee Hcntagc Ccrucr Who 0wm Appd111:hi11 ISSUE NINE· FALL. 1985 The Waldec Forut - The Treu Spe.ak Migr&11ng Forests - HO<$C Logging SWhng a Tree Crop - Urban Trees . Acom Brc.d • Myth ISSUE El.EVEN SPRlNC 1986 Community Planning • Cities and the Biorcgion.al Vision • Recycling - Community Gardening· Aoyd County. VA - Oasobol Two Bion:gional Views • Nuclear Supplement Foxfire Carnes - Oood Medicine: Visions ISSUE THJRTEEN Fall 1986 Cent.er For Awakcnmg Eliu~th Callan - A Oentlc Death - Hospice • Ernest Morgm Dealing Ctcauvcly with Death Home Burial Box • The Woke • The Raven Moeltu Woocblorc and Wildwoods W1..tom • Good Med1cmc: 'Ilic Swc:.it l..udgc ISSUE FOURTEEN · Wm1er 1986-87 Lloyd Carl Owlc • Boog= and Mummers • All Species D•y • C•hm Fever Un1vcrS11y Homcleu in KatUAh - Homemade Hot Water Stovemakct's Narrahve • Cood Medicine: lntenpec;11!r. Communic:1tion ISSUE FIFTEEN Sprmg 1987 Co•crleu • Wom1111 Forester - Susie McM""4n Midwife Ahcmauvc Conuaccpllon • Bio..:xuali1y • Biorcg1onah•m and Women Good Medicine: Mattim-chal Culture · PCtJrl ISSUE SIXTEEN - Summer 1987 Helen Wlitc • Poem: Visions in 1 Carden • Vision Quut • First Flow - IJlitlalion • l..caming in the Wildemcss Cherokee.a Challenge "Valuing Trus" ISSUE EJCIITEEN Wintu 1987-88 Vernacular An:hitcc:ture Drums in Wood and Stone . Mountain Home Elll'1h Encrgiu Earth-Sheltered Living - Membrane Houses • 91U5h Shelter Poems: October Dw:s:k • Oood Medicine: "Shelter" ISSUETWENTY-TIIREE-Spnng, 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet Art Crccn City • Poplar Appeal • "CIClll" Sky" •A New Earth" Bio.ck Swm - Wild Lovely Day.t • Reviews: Sacred Land Sacred Su. Ice /\g«' • Poem: "Suddai Tendrils" ISSUE NINETEEN - Spring, 1988 Perclandra Canlcn - Spnng TonK:S Bl114bcmcs WildOowcr Gardens - Ormny Httbllis1 • Flower Essences · "The Origin of the Animals: Siory. Good Medicine: "Puwcr" - Be A Tree ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR· Summer, '89 Deep l..is1cning - Life in Alorruc City • Direct Action! Tree of Peace Communily Building Peacemakers • Ethnic Survivll - Pairing Project - "Baulcsong" • Orowing Pc111:c in Clllllll'Cll Review: TM Chaliee and IN 8/4de ISSUE TWENTY • Summer, 1988 Pr_..., Appabcli1.,., Wildcmcs:s Hight.nds of Roan Colo Community 1..and Trust • Arthur Morgan School · Zoning luue • 'The Ridge' - Farmcrs md lhc Farm 8111 - Oood Medie1nc: " l..md" • Acid Rain • Dukc"s Power Play · Cherokee Microhydro ProJl.-.:1 ISSUE TWENTY ONE - Fill. 1988 ChcsUluts: A Natural Hmory - Rcstorin& the Chestnut - .. Poem of Preservation and Pr.uc" Continuing t11c Qu.:.st • Forc•ts and Wildlife Chestnuts in Rcg1oruil Diet • Chestnut Resource' • Hctb Note - Oood Med1c1ne: "Ow>gc• to Corne" • Review: W}we vgpiJs Uw1 - - - - - - --- - -- --- - --- - -- - Box 638; Leicester, NC: KatUah Province For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6097 Nrune Regular Membership ........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address City Area Code Summer, 1990 State Phone Number Zip ISSUETWE.NTY.SEVEN • SPRIN0, 1990 Tr1U1Jformohon - llcahni; Po11.cr • rcxc to Their A•hes • Hcalins in K111uah P~m: ''When left to Crow" • Poems: Stcphrn W'm& Tl>< Belly • Food from the Ancient f'arcst ISSUE TWEJIITY-TWO • WintcT, '88419 Global Warming • Fi"' ThiS Time • Thomu Berry on "BiorcglOI\•" • EaJ1h Exctcuc • Kod Loy McWhiru:r - An Abundllncc oCEmpttness LETS Chronicles of Floyd - Oany Wood Th<> Bear Clan rune ~UAH JOURNAL ISSUETWENTY.SIX WINTE.R, 1989.'90 Coming of Age in the Ecoro1c Era • Kids Saving Rainforest · Kids Trcccycling Compau~ . ConOict Resolution - Dc•clnping tl1c Creative Spirit - Birlh Power • Binh Bonding The Magic or Pupp:uy H<>m< Sci-ling • NllllUllf Ceremony Mother Earth's aassroom • CardC'ning for Children Enclosed is$ to give this effort an extra boost I can be a local con1ac1 person for my area 28748 Back Issues Issue#_ .@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue # _.@ $2.50 = $_ _ rssue # _ @ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue# .@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# ~ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18-26) @ $40.00 = s__ postage paid � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 28, Summer 1990 Description An account of the resource The twenty-eighth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on "carrying capacity:" growth, development, and population of human systems in relation to the environment. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Stephen Bartlett, Rob Barron, Will Ashe Bason, Chip Smith, Lee Kinnaird Faween, Marnie Muller, Jim Houser, Patrick Clark, Hectáire P. Condeau, D. Goode, James Rhea, Marie Wood, and Susan Adam. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Carrying Capacity by David Wheeler.......3 Setting Limits to Growth: Interview with Dr. Gary Miller | Recorded by David Wheeler.......5 What Is Overpopulation? by Stephen Bartlett........7 The Road Gang by Rob Barron.......8 The Highway to Nowhere.......9 Opening Pandora's Box: The I-26 Project by Rob Barron.......10 "Caring Capacity" by Will Ashe Bason.......11 People and Habitat by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawcett.......12 Designing the Whole Life Community by Marnie Muller.......14 Steady State by Jim Houser.......15 Poems by Will Ashe Bason.......17 Good Medicine.......20 Transporternatives by Patrick Clark.......22 Imagining the End of Real Estate by Hectáire P. Condeau.......23 Natural World News.......24 Man and the Biosphere.......27 Drumming: Letters to Katúah Journal.......28 Review: Cohousing by Will Ashe Bason.......30 Events.......33 Webworking.......34 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Human ecology--Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Region--Population Regional planning--Appalachian Region, Southern Transportation--Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Black Bears Community Economic Alternatives Electric Power Companies Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Pigeon River Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Transportation Issues Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/e8b264ef4ec25f6e96204d3ae515c995.pdf da3b1c41e52d67bec48c8df227746edd PDF Text Text /-� �UAWURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Postage Paid Bulk Mall Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 �FromMountains to the Sea uy uafMyczack........................•....• 1 Profile of a Southern Appalachian Watershed: The Little Tennessee River (An Interview with Dr. William Md.amcy) rtcortkd by David Whttlu.....................3 Freshwater Canaries: The Spotfin Chub b y William Mclarney.........••.•.........•..5 Mudwatch and Fmoount: The Environmental Survey of the Little Tennessee 6 by William McLarnq.......................•• Headwaters Ecology and Blgh Quality Habitat by Mary Kelly.........................•.••....? "It All Comes Down to Water Quality" by Mitlit Buchanan............................8 Water Power: Ac.tion for Aquatic Habitats.... IO Dawn Watchers uySncw Bear ................................ 11 Adventures on the River uy uaf Myaack.............................12 Accessory toMurder: Watts Bar Lake and the Public Trust uy LeafMyczadr........•.........•......••...14 Poem: "Country S10re" by Witliam MU/u...••.......•........•......14 The Nonh Shore Road: Environment or Development in the Great Smokies by Pmrick Clark..............................15 The Long Branch Composting Toilet by Paul Gallimore ..•...............•.....•... 11 GoodMedicine: The Long Human Being....18 Katuah Sells Out!! by Bud Young and Rodney Webb............ 19 Watershed Map of the Kauiah Province......20 Namral World News. ...........................22 Green Spirits: Karuah Rains by Lte Barnts................................26 Off the Grid uy Jim lloustr ...............................21 Drumming (Letters (O Katuah) .................28 Early Warning: The Gypsy Moth ls Coming! uy Ed lytwack..•......•....•............•...30 Poem: "Unbound" by Gaston Siniard............•........••.....31 Events.............................................36 Webworking.....................................38 TaUMint.u, 1990 FROM MOUNTAINS TO THE SEA by LeafMyczack It begins as dense, moist clouds riding the prevailing winds 11p from the Gulf of Mex.ico. Meeting the Corest updrafts from the AppalachianMountains, the clouds release their wet cargo over the rich forest below. The rain drips to the ground through the leafy canopy, seeps into the dark soil, gathers, and begins to triclcJe down the mountain slopes. Ct is here where the River is born. SmaJJ riwlets become streams, splashing and tumbling down rock strewn beds. When enough of these feeder streams converge, creeks form, and Lhey in rum • receive additional aibutaries. From the slopes of the old mountains of Kanlah, the growing rivers bring their watery gifis 10 the valley lands. But rivers do not lend themselves to arbitrary beginnings. The health of a river is the culmination of an ongoing, cyclical process. The health of rivers depends on atmospheric as well as ground conditions. Sulfates, nitrates, and toxic gases are washed to eanh in the form of acid rain. Here the contaminated water combines with herbicide residues used by forest abusers and with din paniclcs from bulldozed land. The first stream f ormed is already poisoned. Add industrial chemicals, silt from road construction, salt fertilizers, utility company herbicides, raw sewage, and the result is a river much diminished in itS capacity 10 suppon life. Even before the rivers leave the Appalachian foothills, their health is often severely compromised. Most humans have forgouen that we arc dependent on the interplay of all life. We think we can clear the forest without harming the river, or that we can diny the atmosphere without harming the forest. Even when confronted with historical evidence of environmental impact, ecologically destructive patterns continue unabated, especially when there is money involved. Greed seems to be the engine of destruction. Cut, rape, slash - "How much money are we making?" Rivers, in order to be healthy, must have a healthy watershed. The atmosphere and the ground must be clean in order to maintain the aquatic environment. To protect the life of the river, steep slopes musr be closed to logging and development. The less roads, the better, for roads only promote the migration of ecologically abusive people and materials. Rivers are intended to be pathways for rich organic nutrients leached from the mountain slopes to feed the diverse aquatic communities living in the estuaries. Damming rivers inhibits this cycle. In place of nutrients, rivers now carry water-soluble toxins that are deposited in delta and estuarine habitats. This Katuah region, sacred in all its biodiversity, is in great danger. The forest ones and the river ones call out for help. The scream of pain is almost constant among them. But their voices are not going unheard. Joining these voices are human voices - Lhe voices of caretakers, poets, Earth defenders • aU advocaLing a respect for all of'life. Ycs, brothers and sisters, trees and rivers do have rights Lo life and good health. Let us sing and dance to life in aJJ its many forms. The dance of life must supersede the chant of death, for without our relatives we are diminished in spirit, mind, and body. It is not a political struggle we are engaged in, but a spiritual quest to find the wellsprings of our soul. Listen closely, and you will hear great wisdom from Karuah. Be creative with your work and your life. for these are your honor song. - illustration by Cielo (canlinucd p, 12) XAtuah Journot � t �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 29, Fall/Winter 1990 Description An account of the resource The twenty-ninth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on water quality: the Little Tennessee River watershed; Watts Bar Lake; development in the Great Smokies; and solar composting toilets. Authors and artists in this issue include: Leaf Myczack, David Wheeler, William McLarney, Mary Kelly, Millie Buchanan, Snow Bear, William Miller, Patrick Clark, Paul Gallimore, Buck Young, Rodney Webb, Lee Barnes, Jim Houser, Ed Lytwack, Gaston Siniard, Rob Messick, Bob Clark, Marnie Muller, Marlene Mountain, and Susan Adam. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. From Mountains to the Sea by Leaf Myczack.......1 Profile of a Southern Appalachian Watershed: The Little Tennessee River (An Interview with Dr. William McLarney), recorded by David Wheeler.......3 Freshwater Canaries: The Spotfin Chub by William McLarney.......5 Mudwatch and Fincount: The Environmental Survey of the Little Tennessee by William McLarney.......6 Headwaters Ecology and High Quality Habitat by Mary Kelly.......7 "It All Comes Down to Water Quality" by Millie Buchanan.......8 Water Power: Action for Aquatic Habitats.......10 Dawn Watchers by Snow Bear.......11 Adventures on the River by Leaf Myczack.......12 Accessor to Murder: Watts Bar Lake and the Public Trust by Leaf Myczack.......14 Poem: "Country Store" by William Miller.......14 The North Shore Road: Environment or Development in the Great Smokies by Patrick Clark........15 The Long Branch Composting Toilet by Paul Gallimore.......17 Good Medicine: The Long Human Being.......18 Katúah Sells Out!! by Buck Young and Rodney Webb........19 Watershed Map of the Katúah Province.......20 Natural World News........22 Green Spirits: Katúah Rains by Lee Barnes.......26 Off the Grid by Jim Houser.......27 Drumming (Letters to Katúah).......28 Early Warning: The Gypsy Moth is Coming! by Ed Lytwack.......30 Poem: "Unbound" by Gaston Siniard.......31 Events.......36 Webworking.......38 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Watersheds--Tennessee, East Watersheds--North Carolina, Western Watersheds--Virginia, Southwest Human ecology--Appalachian Region, Southern Water quality--Appalachian Region, Southern Gypsy moth--Control--Environmental aspects North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4666185/watts-bar-lake.html Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Watts Bar Lake ||||osm Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Alternative Energy Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Definitions Book Reviews Community Economic Alternatives Education Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Geography Good Medicine Habitat Health Katúah Katúah Organization Plants and Herbs Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Water Quality Wilderness https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/78d9246223be9d0574b3bd2b5063d495.pdf dd9e0daeaf638e3c9c89f1668668b7b7 PDF Text Text ISSUE 31 SUMMER 1991 $1.50 �Drawing by Rob Messick ~UAt1 JOURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 :ic.\e 0 " () @ ~ Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 .,. (I Printed on recycled paper ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �Oowsing..................................................... 3 by David Wheeler The Responsibilities of Dowsing: An Interview with Tom Hendricks............5 by Madeline H. Dean Ceremonies of the Moment: An Interview with Joyce Holbrook...........6 "Jack-o-Lantems," Acid Rain, and the Electrical Life of the Eanh............8 by Clyde Hollifield Poem: "Old Houses".......... ,..................... 10 by Richard Nesrer Kaufah and the Eanh Grid ....................... ! 1 by Charlotte Homsher The Call of rhe Ancient Ones.................. 13 by Page Bryaru "If the Eanh Is to HeaJ, Our Heans Musr Be Broken".................. 15 by Richard lowenrlial Good Medicine: On Aggression.............. 17 THE EARTH - SHE LIVES! Poems by James Proffirt.......................... 18 Green Spirits: Sacred Forests.................. 19 by Lee Barnes Off rhe Grid.............................................20 by Jim Houser Natural World News................................21 "Jusr Doing Their Job"............................ 23 by Emmel/ Greendigger Time to Take the Time to Take the Time...................................... 25 by/vo Drumming............. " .................................26 Whole Science......................................... 29 by Rob Messick Tuning ln................................................. 29 by Charlotte Homsher Review· Light in rhe Wind........... .. - ....... 30 Chestnut Grafting Project........................ .31 by David McGrew Events......................................................32 \Vebworking............................................34 Su11u11cr, 199 1 Tradirional cultures around the world have always had a close relationship to the world around them. Dependent as they were on their immediate environment to meet all their needs, it is not surprising that they were closely attuned to the rhythms of their surroundings and the messages that came from the landscape. The foundation of their spiritual belief was that the world is alive. TI1ey saw the Earth as a being, a Great Mother who provided for all her children's needs. With ritual, music, and dancing, they conversed with the Earth and with all the aspects of her power. Here in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, the native Cherokee inhabitants accepted the forces of the world as living beings and addressed thern in their prayers and ceremonies. They saw the mountains as great beings of awe and grandeur, isolated and imposing. At times of spiritual transition, they went to sacred sites, places of extraordinary power, to do their fasting, praying, and divining, or to make a vision quest. As humanity turned toward civilization and sought security by insulating ourselves from our environment, our former connection to the world and the awareness that it engendered slowly dissipated. Skills that were once necessary for survival came to be considered "folk customs" and superstitions. In our minds the Eanh died. As we relied more on our intellectual brain and its offspring, science, for our survival, we began to see our world as a "system" under the rule of "laws" that were mechanical, linear, and absolute. However, in the "backwater.. areas, like 1.he rugged Appalachians, white settlers from Europe kept alive customs that dated back to pre-Christian times in the Old World. They used the power of wild roots for healing. They planted their crops by the signs of the moon. They would call on a "water witch," or dowser, with a forked stick to find an underground waler source. These practices are with us even today. (c:ontinucd on page 3) Xatuoh Journat p09e I �EDlTORlAL STAFF Tl ITS ISSUE: Maria Abbruzzi Lee Barnes Christopher Davis Charloue Homsher Jim Houser Lorraine Kaliher Emmeu Grecndiggcr Richard Lowenthal Rob Messick Mamie Muller Rodney Webb David Wheeler We'd like 10 offer special thanks for the inspiration of Mounlllin Gnrdcns. Thanks and fare well 10 John Creech. Happy trails, compadre! COVER: by Rob Messick © 1991 PUBLISHED BY: Kau,ah Journal PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mo11111aineer Press EDITORIAL OFFTCE THlS JS SUE: The Globe Valley CONTACT US AT: Ka111ahJ011rnal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Ka1uah Province 28748 (704) 754-6097 Diversity is an impon.am elemcm of bioregionnl ecology. both nawral and socinl. In line will1 this principle. the Katuah Journal tries 10 serve as II fomm for the discu&;ion of rcgion:il issues. Signed rulicks express only the opinion of the nuthors and arc not ncccss:irity the opinions or lhe Katuah Journal editors or staff. The Internal Revenue Scn•1ce has declared K a1uah Jo1u11al a non.profit orgnniz.:ition under section 501(c){3) or Lhc lntemnl Revenue Code. All contributions to K,uuah Journal are dcducublc from pcr!IOn:il income wx. Aruclcs appcnnng in Katuah Journal may be reprimcd in olher publications with permission from the Katuah Journal sulf. Com:ict the journal in writing or call (704) 7S4-6097 or (704) 683-1414. ApOW<Jlj ~ STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once the Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the VaJley of the Roanoke and U1e Southern PJain on this Turtle Island continent of Mother Ela, the Earth Here, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection to the spirit of the land. We bring this connection into the being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we listen and we act We tune our lives to the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preserve, defend, and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good The photo of Darry Wood and Eva Bigwitch at Lhe R1vcrc;mc Rendezvous on page 12 of Kauiah Jourl\ill #30 should hove been credited 10Jim Riggs. Jim is a photogrnphcrand 1c:ichcrofprimitive skills "ho was also n guest insLructor at Lile cvcnL 'L'.NVOCA.'TW'.N Ancient Mother, Ancient Mother, You who have waited so long. You who have waited so long for your children to return, Your children are returned. Here we arc. -Swait lodge song Ham1ony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As tl1e land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. The Ka111ah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems, and artwork we speak to the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, the human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. - The Editors Xatimh Journot pngc 2 .... �(continued from page I) Bui as the urban commercial cuhure penetrated even the isolation of the Appalachians, for many people the moumains lost their magic. They could see the old hills only as another collection of available resources to be taken out, totalled up, and rung into the cash register. That unbroken connection 10 the life of the mountains, the life of the Earth, has in the last 100 years faded and almost died ... But it is not gone. When the astronauts took the photos of the Earth from outer space, it became suddenly obvious that our planet is a fragile round ball suspended in the vastness of space. From tha1 new perspecrivc we can see that the Earth is whole. comple1e, an organism unto herself· and beautiful. II is also obvious that she is part of an even grander scheme - a cosmic ecology. We hove a place in the universe: an alignment with the stars, planets. and galaxies: a relationship 10 the cosmos. When we touch the Earth here in Katuah Province on this Tunic Island continent, we mp into an in1erlocking web of energies 1hat extends out into the fanhcst star galaxies. Scientific breakthroughs like "the Gaia theory" and the "new physics" seem revelatory to our jaded intellcccs. The Gaia theory states scientifically that the Earth breathes through ils atmosphere and regula1cs its own respirarion not only is the Earth a living, breathing organism, but ii is also conscious on some level! The "new physics" theory sets fonh a conception of the world radicallydivergen1 from Newtonian physics - one that seems almost more metaphysical than physical, closer to a study of consciousness than of matter. But t11cse scientific concepts are acrually not new. They were in the prayer of a Cherokee medicine man standing with anns uplifted by a waterfall. They were what an old woman could feel through her forked dowsing stick as :;he walked the land. Tho medicine people and the dowsers knew the geology of the mountains. They knew the depth of the fault lines and 1hc deep waterveins. They also could perceive the web of energy encircling the Earth. But they were not scientistS. They worked from their intuition; their practice was handed down from reacher to srudent as pans of long-standing traditions. The Gaia theory, the new physics, and the other recent departures from onhodox scien1ilic thinking offer scientific evidence of the life and consciousness of the world 1hat these old ones felt so clearly, so long :igo. There is still much mystery in this round globe that looks so vulnerable and beautiful from ou1er space. In this issue of the Ka11uihlournal we invite the reader to learn. to speculate, to begin to think of a whole world mind, a unifying world energy that connects us 10 every other place, 10 every other being on the Earth, and 10 the s1ars. The Eanh 1ums, we tum; everywhere we look we are one world. -The Editors Sl11t11ncr, 1991 DOWSING A Briefe Treatise or Digression Concerni11g the Long Historic a11d Practice of tlu• Art a11d Erstwhile Scie11ce of Rliabdo111a11cy by David Wheeler "All alike grasp tire forks of the twig witIr tlreir hands, clenching tlreir fi.rts, it being necessary tlrat tire clenclredjingers slumld be held wward tire sky i11 order tlrat tire twig should be raised at tlUJJ end wlrere the two branches meet Then they wander hither and tlritlrer at random through mountainous regions It is said that tire moment tlrey place their feet on a vein the twig immediately mrns and nvists, and so by its action discloses the vein: when tlrey nwve their feet agaill and go away from tlUJJ spot the Mig becomes once more immobile." • from De,~ metallica. one of lhc ftN wnucn rcrcrcnces 10 dowsing. by Ocorg,u, Agricola. 1556 This is the commonly conceived pic1urc of the dowser, or "water witcht walking the land looking for underground veins of water. However. to be a dowser a person does not have to walk the land, use a forked s1ick, or even be searching for water. Dowsers come in more flavors than ice cream • they e>.hibit many different attitudes, abilities. and mind states. In ilS purest form, dowsing might be defined as the perception of intangible or spiritual energies. Usunlly dowsers use their ability in looking for some1hing. In his paper "The Divining Rod: A His1ory of Water Wi1ching," written in 1917, Anhur J. Ellis says. "In tracing the history of the subject it is found that divining rods have been used for all of the following purposes: (I) To locate ore Drawing b) Rob Meu1<k deposits, (2) 10 discover buried or hidden ucasure. (3) 10 find lost landmarks and reestablish propcny boundaries, (4) 10 de1ect criminals, (5) to analyze personal character, (6) to cure diseases, (7) to tmce lost or strayed domestic animal~. (8) 10 insure immunity against ill fonunc when preserved as a fetish. (9) 10 locate well sites. { I0) 10 trace the courses of underground streams, {11) to determine the amount of water available by drilling at a given spot, ( I2) to determine the deplh at which wa1erorores occur, (13) 10 determine the direction of cardinal pointS. (14) to determine the heights of crecs, and ( 15) 10 analyze ores and w111ers." Dowsers today also search for the answers to questions; negative and positive Earth energies; missing persons; and waywan:1 spirits. They da1e archaeological finds and contac1 UFO's. As well as the tr3ditional forked stick. dowsers use a straight stick; L-shaped mcl41 rods; wire; a dangling pendulum (usually made of me1al or s1one but possibly of other m:uerials); their hands; or pure perception 10 find the object of their search. Dowsers do not have to be on the site but can make contact through maps, photographs, or a person's possessions. Clearly. the general category of "dowsing" covers a wide variety of experiences and abilities. But how does it work? Dowsing is clearly an e,cuasensory experience that draws (ccntmuodonnc,tpAJ:C) JCatud, Jounuat P°'JS 3 �(c:crnmuai Crom pai;o J) on a different pan of the brain than our intellect and our everyday awareness. Walter D.1le. a yeteran dowser in his eigh1ies Yiho hvcs outside Ashevilk, NC, ~ayi. lh:11 there is encrg)' evervwhere and that, "We are able tu iocus in on iiin much the same v.ny that you might tune in to channels on your TV ~r. Do\\:.eri. can do very remarkable things, and v.e can prove it. 1 don't know how 1t's done, but II depcnds on our abil1ty to use this energy thm is everywhere - even though we don't ~ee it. We don't sec radio waves, we don't see TV trnnsmis.\ions. It's very much the same." Ano1hcr dowser, Vern Peter.;on. says, "Dowsing is puuing out an idea or a question of what you want. and 1hb v.ill set up u vibration. If you are looking tor water, for insmnce, the vibration will correspond to water under the ground that you can fed when you get over it with the dowsing rod. "It leads 10 an advancement of consciousness., There's no end 10 where you can go. The longer you smy in dowsing, the more you learn. and the more that you learn how much 1here is to kn6w." Other dowsers speak of spiri1ual influences, a direct channel 10 higher intelligences or 10 the Supreme Intelligence, as explanation of their abilities. Dowsing is nor a new phenomenon. tr seems 10 be an innate pan of the human mind, and many practitioners maintain that dowsing was at one time one of our ba.~ic sense perceptions, and that ii is only with the advent of civilization that this ability has atr0phied in our brain. Animals seem to have the nbili1y to find water, and it seems logical thm in more primitive times we would have relied more on this type of awareness to locate food and water and be alen to dnnger. There is tangible evidence that S1one Age humans in Europe and the British Isles had dowsing abilities. Modem-day dowsers are finding 1ha1 the megaliths or "standing s1ones," However. as anything 1h01 can be deeply veiled in mystery affords a good opportunity/or swindlers, there can be no reasonable doubr that many of rhe large group ofprofessio,wl finders of water. oil, or other minera/J who take pay/or their "service'' or for the sale of their "instruments" are cleliberatt>ly defrauding the people, and that 1/te total amount of nwney rhar 1hey obtain is large. - 0. £. Meinwr. Uniwtl Staies Geological Sur\'c)', 1917 giam rock formmions erected by prehl!>toric humans, are aligned with underground wutercourscs or 1he 1;rid lines of the Eanh's energies. There nn: pictures of ancient Eg, pti:.i.ns holding what appear to be forked divining rods. There nrc various Biblical references, such as to Aaron's rod, 1hn1 dowsers claim a~ evidence of their crafL In 1882 R.W. Raymond wrote: "'1ti1nh JournnC pnl).C ·l Drawing by Ocorgc Agricola. I 556 'The Scyrhians, Persians, and Medes used them. Herodotus says 1ha1 the Scythians de1ec1ed perjurers by means of rods. The word rhabdomancy, originated by the Greeks, shows 1ha1 they practiced this an; and 1he magic power of the rods of Minerva, Circe, and Hermes or Mercury is familiar 10 classical students. The lituus of the Romans, with which the augurs divined, was apparently an arched rod ... Marco Polo reports the use of rods or arrows for divination throughout the Orient, and a later traveler describes it among the Turks. Taci1us says that the ancient Germans used for this purpose branches of fruit trees." During the Middle Ages, when me1al-working became common and widespread. miners ~ought veins of ore by digging trenches by hand. The amount of labor involved mnde any shortcuts extremely valuable, and, while there were physical indications of the presence of ore, divining came to be intel-'1"311)' associa11.-d with prospecting, panicularly in the mining districts of Germany. Divining rods came 10 England with German miners brought in by Queen Elizabe1h I to develop the languishing mining industry in Comwnll, and they spread from there throughout the Bri1ish Isles. Dowsing has been controversial thmughou1 the his1ory of civilized rimes. Since it was often involved with the production of weahh, there w-as alwavs the likelihood of charl:11anrv and fraud. And since ii is conceme<l with the deeper realms of the human mind. dowsing holds 1he possibility of transcendent consc1ousncss, but is olso fraught with mystery, contradtction. and tear. The church became interested in d0\\Sing · some S3Y through jealousy, others say through fear - and, although ecclesiastical ,1ttitudes and interpretauons were ne\er con~istcnt, at least initi:illy the l'hurch e;,;hibitcd an umbiv-.ilcnt auitudc toward the divining rod: it was considered dangerous and discouraged among the geneml populace, but its use Y.,ts widely practiced as a priestly function within the church. Church ti1uals and prarer;; were superimposed on wha1 was obviously a very pagan pracrice - partly 1 strengthen the di vine 0 influence, and panly 10 protect against eanhly persecution, ii is supposed. During the time of 1he Inquisition, dowsing was associated with witchcraft and in some areas became justification for torture and a capital crime. There yer remains a legacy of fear and secrecy lingering from that p.-iriod. Practicing dowser John Shisler says, "Even today, if I go b:1ck into certain areas of the mountains, I'm a 'water witch.' A lot of your traditional Bap1is1s will still say that 'witching' is the work of the devil." Dowsing came 10 Turtle Island with the earliest colonists, where i1 met a people who apparently still retained a basic anunemenr to the land as evidenced by 1he eanhworks 1hey created, 1heir many sacred sites, and the vivid They call it psychic. I call it a gif1, sir. I use it for /lis glorv anti mankind's purpose. I do11'1 charge to go find water, I'll ask 'em 10 come after me and bring me back - if they want to donate a penny, I appreciate it; if 1hey do11'1, well, I'll go anyway. I use it/or what I feel in my heart. and I re.\{'L'Ct it for what it is. - J.C. Ga::mvay, dowser legends assoc1:i1ed with them. From the beginning ~Willer witching" was p:111 of the colonists' folk culture. Many of the wells still used in New England were located through the abilities of dm.. seri.. Early European immigrants brought dowsing imo the Southern Appalachians. At first, it was not necessary 10 locate underground water because of the abundant springs, bur when people began to need wells, they sough1 help from those v.ho had kepi alive the traditional "witching"· (continued gn page 28) S1Un111cr, 199 1 �THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DOWSING: An Interview with Tom Hendricks OK. But if they can't, then 1 don't think they ought to do iL Ka11ial1: People seem 10 be amazed that they have the power 10 do these things. 111: It's a major responsibility. 1 1hink that regaining power is OK. so long as there is a balance. an understanding. Asking permission is very imponant. I've always had a strong intuition. J developed it in my dowsing. Intuition tells us c,cactly what we need 10 know. Kat(,ah · When did you stan dowsing? Tom Hendricks: About ten years ago. A man T knew in Madison County at the time was president of the Appalachian Chapter of the American Society of Dowsers. I learned techniques from the society. I slowly got to meet everybody. I met hundreds of dowsers from around the country and from across the seas. J sroned off with the pendulum and L-rods. l would use the pendulum 10 ask yes and no questions, L-rods to find a water source or whatever else l was looking for. At some point. I started realizing l was getting the feeling before either one of those tools worked I started paying anention to lhe feeling and didn't much rely on the tools. l preferred to deal with the energy itself. Kan11Jh: You could have the feeling of where water was, for instance? TH: Yes. Most dowsers hang onto the tool forever. Some people have real elaborate pendulums. When l was still using a pendulum. I picked up whatever I had around 10 make one, a piece of suing and a rock. l met an old guy from Tennessee who didn't necessarily use tools. He just felt iL A real good dowser told me how he was bringing him back from Tennessee on interstate 40. The old guy said that they had just driven over a major fault. So they Mopped and checked with their dowsing rods. He had felt a major fault under a moving car. He was real sensitive. But dowsing itself is filtering into all kinds of things these days. It has been incorporated into the whole new age movement. I've noticed, not a total lack of auunement, but only panial auuncment. K01uah: From the dowsers themselves? TH: Not all dowsers. A lot of dowsers were being real exact with what they were doing. But a few dowsers were into playing with the energies, talcing things out or context. ln the dowser's society we were never taught to be concerned with looking at the whole picture. I was clearing our someone's house 1ha1 had a lot of weird energy lines running through iL.. KalJJIJh: From the Earth? TH: Yes. You can get negative energy from water, from fault lines and other ways. These energies arc disruptive to the human system. In dowsing that panicul:ir situation. 11 seemed to be OK to move the energy. We moved it around the house. Bue it staned me asking questions: "Should this energy be moved? Do I have the right 10 move this energy?" K01uah: Would it be a question of why the cnerijy is being vented at that pan.icular location. And what the reason is for it? Summer, 199 1 Kam.ah: That requires a different lifestyle than most people have. TH: The energy needs venting, but docs It need to be vented in this particular place? ls it OK to move it? Katuah: The Earth has allowed a lot of manipulation. TH: The Earth has allowed abuse. She is regaining her will, yet we continue to abuse her. Something l have learned is that when we dowse, we should ask whether it is OK on all levels. One time l was out dowsing with an old timer and his daughter and all of us came to this tremendous flow, a major vein of water. Yet, when they went to drill it, nothing happened. Another dowser came over and said, "Don't you sec the Indian spirits?" Native American spirits were still protecting the area and 1hey had interfered. They were angry at white people for all the abuse we have done, and so they were mixing signals. That got to be another question to consider: "Are there any entities here that may interfere?" With me it went further. I asked, 'Why would they interfere? What arc their reasons?" I ta.kc it as far as 1can. There are plenty of eanhbound spirits that are wandering around Josi. That is another aspect of dowsing, sending eanhbound spirits on their way. Dealing with spirits is tricky business. You don't always know why they arc there or what they are doing. There are so many things involved in life and death that arc beyond our understanding. I haven't been dowsing in years. I'm even beginning to question dowsing for a well. Do l want to dowse for someone to punch a hole? There are enough holes being punched into the Earth. The idea of mining crystals really bothers me. I think people ought to leave crystals where they arc unless those people arc 1otally in tune, can sec or feel the energy, know where it comes from, where it's going and why the energy is moving. Crystals take on energy 1hcy need to be cleaned I know a man who planted a garden with crystals. He put in a center crystal, and then he planted other crystals equidistantly all the way around it at the pyramid angles and generated heat. This guy was preuy tuned in, but I'm not sure whether even he asked if he was interfering with any other energies. I think if people can contact all levels of Ufe and be sure that nothing else is disrupted, then it would be Orawu,g by Rob Messick TH: Our culrurc is very sick. I've come to rcali:ze that a 101 of dowsing that is done just feeds the sickness. I know people who arc on payrolls for oil companies. They dowse for oil and gas. They are making money by telling oil companies where to go punch the holes. When l backed off from dowsing, 1 began a healing for the will. As I understand ir. the will is the female energy, the mother energy. It is the pan of the godhead that moves, that feels, thm gives life. The masculine energy is the spirit. The will has been so far removed from human understanding and consciousness that it is barely there. To my understanding, it is because of the loss of will that we are so out of balance. The w ill, the female energy is thal which feels, that which gives birth. I need to use my will in order 10 understand. Developing intuition is listening 10 the will. Ka1uah.: Is this your self-healing? Or are you trying to manifest this outside yourself in your environment? 11 I: 1 believe that the personal healing musr come first. The disharmony is within ourselves. We need 10 get in 1ouch with our own dilemmas and fears. There are lost emotions that we deny. I also think that b) our own dishannony, we allow things to hun us. If we were in harmony with ourselves, the negative energies from the Earth could pass through us without finding a place to collect. I think emotions cause blockages and tl"llp whatever wants to be trapped in us. So lately I have been focusing on self-healing, rather than manipulating negative eanh energies. We humans feel we have a right 10 do anything that we want to do. We have got to realize our shoncomings. We have responsibilities 10 ourselves. Ka1uah: Are you going to get back to dowsing? Tii: A friend of mine wants me to dowse for a well and I should do it for him. The healing I'm doing is leading me through places I've never experienced before. pans of myself that 1have never experienced before. So l don't know what is going to happen. I feel, in a sense, that I am still dowsing by healing my will and strengthening my intuition. I listen more, not with my cars nccel>S3rily. but with my whole being. ;, Ruorlkd by Madl!llrw II Dean Xat ua h ) oun\Ot ~ 5 �CEREMONIES OF THE MOMENT An Interview with Joyce Holbrook by Charlotte Homsher Joyce was born and raised on a/am, in Wilkes Co11111y, NC. She taught in midwestem co//ege.f/or 17 years before remrning u, the mountai,is. She ,ww smdies and teaches Earth energies throu1:ho111 tlie Southeast. • Kat(iah: What is the nature of the energy grid on Eanh? JH: There are many ideas abou1 chis. The similarity in the ideas is tha1 the Eanh is surrounded by nee working lines of energy in 1hc shape of a dodecahedron, a three-dimensional figure enclosed by twelve sides. Looking at the grid on a smaller scale, it would seem to be divided into uiangles. The triangle is fundamental to so many things; it is the basic geometry of life. l would imagine that . in accord with the hermetic principal of "as above, so below" · there is triangulation involved in the energetics. not only of the human body, but in subsystems of the body, even at the cellular level and probably at the molecular level. It is my opinion that it is the life force energy, whatever that may be, that powers the grid. Katt'iah: What happens when the cosmic energy hits the Eanh grid? JH: When it hits the grid, i1 runs along the lines of the grid. Kacuah: The lines of the grid sometimes being called the "Icy lines"? JH: Yes, the Icy lines. We know that there 1s cosmic energy coming into the Eanh. Th.is has been verified scientifically. However, as far as r know, it has not been verified scicn1ifically that the Earth is surrounded by an energy grid or that this cosmic energy runs along it. These are theories of more recent times. Karual1: Does any of thi$ energy originate from inside the Eanh, or is it all cosmic energy? JH: I think it is cosmic, bu1 it docs have an aspect tha1 comes from inside the Earth. If I stand on a vonex point, a high energy point. I can feel an energy that comes up through my body from the ground and then goes back down in a spiral fashion. I also feel thllt whatever hum:in consciousness does affects the grid. So, obviously, this war-like consciousness impinges on the communication network of the planet and goes out and affects the whole planet Katualr: Can you comment on what is happening with the Appalachian ~Ids and ridge1ops in relation to Eanb energies? "My whole approach to working with Earth energies is to get away from ritual and recipes, to enter into the spo11ta11eity of life." J.H. spiral. That I am sure of, because I have felt it. In the newer theories of physics, the though1 is that matter itself spirals in on a vortex inio mamfestation out of pure consciousness. You could say that vortices exist on every level, even down 10 atoms. And they exist, perhaps, within our own bodies nnd in the Eanh itself. JH: My personal experience with energy comes from the fact that I sense it and see it. I see auras over mountains in the same way that some people see auras around people, and I feel the energy. The Appalachians arc the Grandparents of the planet. They are gentle. old, wise, and loving. These things can not be measured scientifically. This is sensing through the heart and by feeling the energy of nature, rather than through the ra1ional mind. Love can be felt from nature, i1 truly can, when a person's heart is open. And lhe Appalachians embrace you very much like wise old grandparents. There is a certain quality that grandparents lent 10 society, and there is a certain quality th:11 grm1dparent energy lends to the Eanh. The Rocky Mountains have a youthful, vibrant, rather masculine energy. There are many people who feel that the energy of the Appalachians is essentially feminine. But I have also felt mountains within the Appalachians tha1 feel very masculine. For instance, the Black Mountains are masculine. My cabin is on a flank of a mountain that is ma~culine in essence. Pyramidal mountains essentially feel masculine. The balds :-.re round and smooth, and those feel feminine. They are very healing. They wi II raise your energy. I often see golden lines of energy over balds. JH: It could, although r have seem a similarity. 1 had a whole group of people 001 by the Missouri River at a location that wa.~ both in a vortex and on a grid line. The people all felt the line, and everyone had the same response as 10 how they needed to align their bodies in order to feel best in respect to the line. Ka11ialr. Could you explain about the different kinds of voncxes? Kauiah: How is Katuah affected by wh3t happens in another place on the Earth? JH: They arc as different as people are different. The dowsers repon that they see· ·o exist where grid lines cross. They are definitely associated with water activity, flowing water, lakes. oceans, and underground water. There arc people who say that there are male and female vortices. There are also people who describe them as either electric or magnetic or electtomagnetic, which is balanced between male and female. l'm not real sure about that. Bui I have felt energy move in a vortex. It does JH: Before the San Francisco eanhquakc m 1989, I was driving with my sister, and I Katuah: How can we beuer auune ourselves to the Eanh? JI(: By exploring feeling. Find particular places, either by direct sensing or by using dowsing tools, and then simply stand in those places until you can sense with your body how they feel. Your magnetic orientation is imponant - whether you face north, east. sou1h, or west. Kariiah: Would this differ from person 10 person? looked at the mountains. The mountains looked like they were in so much pain. I 1 my sistc:r c!d that something was happening, and the quake occurred within a few hours. Katuah: So all the Eanh is feeling what is happening in any one place? JH: Right. But canhquakes are also a part of nature, and so they arc not an anomaly. Slfmmcr, t991 �w #=fj They are ad-jusanents in nature itself. I think, in particular, mountains are antennae to register what the Eanh is doing. Also streams will register the Earth's pulse, attitude, and vibrations in the same sense that your bloodstream is going to register what is going on in your body, the energetics of your body. Ka11iah: How do you do Earth healing? JH: Places call to me. Roan Mountain has called me many times, and Chimney Rock as well. Killian Mountain has called me recently. r believe narurc is a conscious being and communicates wilh us. There is a thing called the spirit of a place. there is an essence to Roan Mountain, or essence to Table Rocle. that has a consciousness to iL And consciousness communicates with consciousness. When I go 10 a place, I try to humble myself and tune into just "being." I don't go purposefully like some doctor or technician trying 10 ''fix something." I just go there, and I tune into the essence of the place. I always pray in these places. I think it is very imponanL l always pray for inner guidance in any particular moment or situation. And then I may begin to chant, a chant that is not a recipe. 1don't do recipes. I do chanting, toning, and movement for the moment. My whole approach to working with Earth energies is 10 get away from ritual and recipes, to enter into the spontaneity of life. Life has its magic for the moment, has its light for the moment, has its peace for the momenL And that becomes an experience that involves the movement of the body, the voice, the bean, and the feelings. If we allow these aspects of ourselves to blend with the pince and the moment. then we can unlock our bodies, unlock our voices, and unlock our hearts. This is allowing divine love to flow through us. from the place to us, and from us to the place. Once connected, we network out over the grid, over the pathways that are, into the whole system, into the universe itself, nnd into every other person on the planet. Aod this is the healing. The real healing in life is to relax, let go, and allow love to flow, because love is, it is of God and it simply is. We do not have 10 create it. Ka11'iah: Do you go to places where the Earth has been desecrated by humans? JH: Yes. I have been led to places where people have damaged the Eanh. I did this at a whole workshop once in Kentucky. Several people felt led to go this place where for years people had dumped tmsh off the side of the road, and it had fallen into a ravine. The essence of that ravine was speaking to us, and it seemed to be choking and poisoned. We held hands in a circle, we prayed, and then we moved 10 places where we felt comfonablc alongside the ravine. We then entered into silence. One of us began to tone, and then another began to tone, and as it turned out, there was a triad. There were three women, including myself, coning in what became a triangle. This was all spontaneous. And the energy staned to flow down the ravine. Another woman had visions, very powerful visions, of an old medicine man who came up and spoke to her. It was such a - powerful experience that many of us began to cry. We could feel the Eanh saying thank you. That particular day, there was no wind whatsoever, yet single leaves on the trees would just flutter, even though there was no wind to flutter them. We were amazed at what we saw in terms of narure physically communicating with us. And she really does, but people don't notice that. This is my philosophy of healing. It is love that heals. In the process of working with an area, I may end up using some stones to build a wheel, if I feel led 10 do this. But again, I do not have a recipe where I say, 'Take x amount of stones... '' I just go there and allow myself to be pan of the totality of the experience. In doing this with nature, we learn how to beuer do that with each other. Instead of building rigid ways of interacting in families, we learn to flow with the spontaneity of the moment. ,. ,. - JH: Yes, I think the time has come that we have to reconnect with the Earth. We have lost touch with her, and in doing so we have lost touch with ourselves. To reconnect with her is to reconnect with our own individual souls and with each other. I sec it as the answer to bringing love to the planet and to bringing healing. If you go out and lie on the ground, you will be comforted and the problems which disturbed you wiJI just seem to go away. I know some very powerful places that will just wash away your troubles. For information abo111 Earth Energy workshops with Joyce Holbrook, write her at Box 1095: Burnsville, NC 28714. K(ll1iali: Could you say something about the vision you had about making your own medicine wheel? JH: The vision was shown to me to make it of olivine, but at that time l had not seen olivine in nature. A friend told me about an outcropping near an abandoned olivine mine. When I went there. I did not just go in and take rocks without asking permission. I was given these rocks, and I took 12 home and made a wheel, and they turned out lookingjust like I saw 1n the vision. It is on my property. and I go sit in it. Tt is very powerful, and it has taught me that we are a wheel within a wheel. The wounds in our lives which are not healed are broken circles. Medicine wheels help us sec what we need to release to come to full circle again. In going to power places, we can find within ourselves what is s1ill wounded. If we work with these places, things may come up in our memory, emotions mny come fonh, which can snow us what needs healing. Nature is of God. Nature is full of healing, hannoniling forces, just as we are. if we can come to see thaL h is a spiritual experience when I work with the Earth. 1 go out by myself a lot. I do this to bring harmony into my own life. If l have not gone out for three or four days, l just have 10 re tum to the Eanh. 1 was down in Stone Mountain, Georgia recently. Stone Mountain is a very powerful place. It has been contaminated with a lot of materialistic consciousness. but there still are places there that ~ very powerful, and local people could use these places to :ttt!lne and align themselves. Stone Mount,un 1s a power point for the whole Southeast. lf we were not so numb to feeling and sensing energies, people would be able to sense these things. My sister and I have done a lot of work together in the mountains. One of us will say that we should go to a cenain place. and we will go and tone and sing and pray toge~hcr. This has been very powerful for us as sisters. It is a wonderful thing to do with members of your family. It brings harmony into a family. Go inside a stone That would be my way. Let somebody else become a dove Or gnash with a tiger's tooth. I am hnppy to be a stone. I From the outside the stone is a riddle: No one knows how LO answer it. Yet within, it must be cool and quiet Even though a cow steps on it full weight, Even though a child throws it in a river. The stone sinks, slow, unpenurbed To the river bottom Where the fishes come 10 knock on it And listen. I have seen sparks fly out When two stones are rubbed, So perhaps it is not dark inside after all; Perhaps there is a moon shining From somewhere, as though behind a hill Just enough light to make out The strange ,1tritings. the s1nr-chans On the inner walls. -CS Karuoh. Do you have a vision of humans and the Eanh hving together in a more harmonious way? Drav.,in& by RobMcmck Sum nu:< , 1991 JCotimn )ournot pQ(JI!- 7 �"Jack-o-lanterns," Acid Rain, and the Electrical Life of the Earth by Clyde I follifield The lights do not stay strictly on Brown Mountain, but seem 10 occur throughout the whole area. I have seen them in Linville Gorge. We once saw a light on Hawk~bill Mountain, which is the next hill beyond Brown Mountain. It was cruising up and down lhc mountain, circling lhe hill, moving at abouL treetop level. It was moving a too fast to be someone walking with a light, and it was not a vehicle, for there is no road over !here on which a vehicle could travel. S rown Mountain lies southeas1 of Grandfather Mountain near the Linville Gorge Wilderness Arca in Avery County II is an unimpressive, nondescript mountain, little more than a tong low ridge, but it is a focus of curiosity because of strange phenomena known as the Brown Mountain LightS. There arc a lot of different ideas about what the lights look like. Some people say they arc a bright light. Olhcrs 53y that they arc a faint glow. Some say they arc diMinct; others say that they are diffu~c. Some people have seen them in the summcnime; others say that they see them best in the winter. I believe that there are ns mnny different opinions as there arc people who say that they've seen them. And a lot of people have seen them. The Brown Mountain Lights have been known in that area for generations. There arc old folk tales about them. The local inhabit:ints call them "jack-o-lantcms." I have been interested in the Brown Mountain Lights since I was a teen-ager. Friends and I would camp out on Table Rock on summer weekends and were sometimes rewarded by a sight of the lights at the foot of the mountain or drifting up the ridges. They appeared ns Huie lights above the treetops. They were not diffuse or blurry, but were rather small, brig.ht ligh1s, usually about the color of a mercury vapor lamp nnd shining as brightly as n streetlight. They usually ap~d late in the evening nnd in the very early morning. On one occasion about eight or ten years ago, I snw little flashes of light all over Brown Mountain, as if somebody hnd set off thousands of flashbulbs all at once. It was like ligh1ning, outlining the top of the ridge. II only hs1ed for several seconcl~. and then it was gone, bu1 it occurred three or four times that night. It was like elcctricnJ discharges popping off all over the mountain. Other times the lights are long-hvcd. They may appear, move around up on the ridge for several minutes, maybe go behind Xotunh Journat pm.JC 8 the hill, and then come back out again. Today it is hard to pick out Brown Mountain from 1hc background of anificinl lighis. If you arc looking at Brown Mountain, you arc just as likely to sec something beyond it, like Lenoir or Morganton, or houses built on Grandfather Mountain, Blowing Rock, or Boone. My criteria are. first, 1h01 the lights have to be against the side of 1hc mountain where I know there's no habitation, and secondly, that they have 10 be acting strangely • moving too fast. shooting lilce a skyrocket. or coming up over the ridge. Scientists have initiated some smdies on the Brown Mountain LighlS. but they have found the tights to be elusive. Many times when they have tried 10 make observations. the lightS have not appeared. Some of the studies that were carried out tried 10 dismiss 1he occurrences as swamp gas or other easily explainable events. However. I personally have seen two lights n~proach each other from opposite dm:ctions. Sometimes they bump together, sometimes they move apan. but when they nrc moving in opposite dircc1ions, one of them has 10 be moving against the wind. Gases \\OUld have to move in the same direction as the wind, so it is apparent that the lights arc not gaseous in nature They look like a specific object, rather than a blurry. windy-blown name. Even when they arc moving rapidly. they rc1:1in their sh:tpc. A fast-moving gas cloud would tend to diffuse. 1 think 1hat the lights arc simply something that we don·t underMand. They arc a natuntl phenomenon that is outside our knowledge of physics. I have spent whole weekends watching for the lights and been rewarded by only one sighting, or somcumcs even none. The lights seem 10 appear randomly. However, I have a feeling that they arc excited by electrical :.tonns. When I went "light-hunting" with my friends, we would ay to go in August, on an evening after a big_ electncal s1onn. Also, the Brown Mountain Lights are no1 the only electrical phenomena in 1ha1 area. One cold night in November LWO years ago, some friends and I were up on Tobie Rock looking for the Brown Mountain Lights, and I kept seeing little flashes of light nickering around the edge of my vision. They were dim, but I could sec lhcm moving, panicularly when l brushed against a bush. It was subtle, but when I opened the blanket Lhat I had wrapped around me, I saw that the inside of lhe blanket was sparkling with light. I jumped up and called the olhers over, and we examined it. Little sparlcs of light would appear when I dragged the blanket on the ground or rubbed i1 against the bushes. The sparks did not seem like static electricity. They did not give us electrical shock:.. They did not jump or crackle or make any sound. They were just there. We never saw any Brown Mountain Lights that night, but this amazing new sigh1 gave us plenty 10 think about. We joked about how we had come looking for lhc Brown Mountain Lights. and they had been around us all the time. Maybe there is some connection between the electrical sparks and the Brown Mountain Lights. I did not know. but I decided 10 check it ou1. A few weeks laLer some friends and I went to Grandfather Mountain, and we saw a lot more of th:tt same kind of electrical spark. The lights were in our blankets, on our clothing, on the bushes. The Grandfather Mountain swinging bridge was sparkling. It looked like what is known as St. Elmo's fire, which appears frequently in sea stories. It was a cold. clear night, and the "'ind was blo"' ing hard. Our clothes were tlapping in the wind, and the lights would appear on the trailing edge of our co:tts. If I stretched out my finger near another person's coat, the fire would jump to the end of my finger. Jt was uncanhly. We saw a great deal of activity there 1ha1 night. My old blanket. which was made of some blend of wool and acrylic, was lighting up more than our other clothing. and J got the idea that we could use it ns an electrical indicator. Later that month. I took that blanket up 10 the top of Mt. Mitchell. It was another cold December night, nnd the blanket lit up. I experimented as Jtame Drawma by Rob Mcssicl S111nn1cr, 1991 �down th': Parkway by stopping periodically as I descended in elevation and trying the blanket each time. The sparks diminished until I got down to about 3,500 feet, below which they did not reappear. I theorized that the phenomenon was connected somehow to cold nights and high elevation. I went out on several other cold expeditions that winter to different locations, and we tried some other experiments. I had heard that fluorescent light bulbs would sometimes light up under high-voltage power lines because of the electrical emissions. So one time we carried some fluorescent bulbs lO the top of Mt. Mitchell. When we opened the trunk to get them out, we saw lights nickering up and down the shafts of the bulbs. They would light up when we whirled them through the air, touched them 10 bushes or to the ground, or even when we passed them back and fonh among ourselves. We didn't see much of the St. directly from the air. He said that they receive as much as 11 % of their nitr0gen, not through the roots, but through their leaves. These specially adapted nonhem plants are built so that high levels of elecuicity in the in the air around them induces what Professor Aurela calls a "coronal discharge" at their edges or needle tips, which ionizes (or adds an extra electrical charge 10) chemical compounds containing nitrogen, so that the ionized ourogen atoms can be fixed into the plant tissues. The coronal discharge happens often, but it only breaks over into a visible state five or ten percent of the time. However, because the air today also contains sulfur and niuogen pollutants (which we know as "acid rain"), these too arc ionized, and the plants fix them into their tissues as well, causing great damage. Because the air is poisoned, this process which was once vital for their survival is Cl.08'1L ELECIIIICAL CIRCUIT or Schematic various electrical proc:csin O,c global clcc:lnc:11 circu,t Sowce: the Earth', Ekctrical r:.n,iroMIUII by E. Philip Kinl,r and Raymond G. Roble Elmo's fire that night, and we thought that what we were experiencing was some type of static electricity. 1decided that I would find out. Rather than continunlly freezing on mountaintops, l went over to the National Oimatic Data Center office in Asheville, which is pan of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the US Department of Commerce. I was passed around between six different offices and never found anyone who had heard of these occurrences. I corresponded with experts in Washington, DC: Boulder, Colorado: and Fairbanks, Alaska before someone directed my attention to Professor Asko Aurela at the Wihuri Physical Laboratory of the University of Turku in Finland. This man knew all about iL fie amazed me when he told me that the electrical phenomena we had been seeing was connected with acid min! He explained that in the nonhem latitudes, because of the poor, thin soils, and the short growing season, some varieties of plants - like Norway spruce, Scotch pines, and lichens have evolved the ability to absorb nitrogen Summer, 10!1I now speeding these plant species toward destruction. Professor Aurela told me that coron.il discharge is similar in nature to what he called "the luminous pillar," a wide shaft of light going straight up into the sky, and another phenomenon named "low aurom." The fascinating thing about these occurrences, as he exrlained, is that they are all natural parts o the: Earth's electrical environmenL Thundel'5tom1s arc like big generators pumping high voltages of electrical current into the Earth's electrical circuit. There arc thousands of thunderstorms active around the planet at any one time. sending 50-100 bolts of lightning down 10 the Eanh's surface every second. Thunderstorms do not occur everywhere; it requires heat to produce a thunderstorm. 11terefore, on each side of the Equator arc thunderstorm belts that extend from the tr0pics up to the middle Latitudes. The other side of this electrical system is several hundred feel under the surface of the Earth where there runs an energy flow known as the Telluric current. Sometimes the Telluric current disrupts transmissions through oceanic cables, because it gets so strong that it produces static on the wire. Because the seasons in the Nonhem and Southern Hemispheres are reversed, during the winter, when we are seeing electrical phenomena on ML Mitchell and Grandfather Mountain, thunderstorms are playing over the Amawn basin and in South America. They send energy currents up into the ionosphere, a layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Thunderstorms are instrumental in keeping an electrical potential difference of about 200,000600,000 volts between the Earth and the ionosphere. The ionospheric current flows north across the Equator and comes back down, 001 at the North Pole, but at about «I' nonh latitude in central Canada. This is the area known as the "auroral ring,• where there is a lot of northern lights activity, more even than at the Nonh Pole. On the Canadian plains during nights of a lot of electrical activity, people cannot use the telephone, and sometimes the whole power grid goes down because the long wires build up so much electrical static. The Southern Appalachians are at the southern edge of this electrically active zone. If we didn't have mountains here, we would not experience electrical phenomena at all. But mountains arc an imponant pan of the Earth's electrical energy circuit. One-third of the Earth's electri.cal current returns 10 the Earth at high mountain peaks. There is a blanket of thicker atmosphere, called the "planetary bound.µ-y layer." that extends one mile above the surface of the Earth and nets as an electrical resistor. As the air gets thinner at higher elevations, it offers less resistnnce, and electricity c;in now more easily through it. High mountains like the Southern Appalachians act like lightning rods, or electrical receptors, that penetrate the planetary boundary layer and conduct the electrical energy back to Earth. The Ea.nh's electrical energy moves in a great circle. When a thunderstorm occurs in the Amazon River Basin or in South America, the energy travels to the nonh, comes into a mountain peak, returns to the ground, and travels underground back 10 South America. When it is summcnime in the north, the polarity shifts so that the thundcl'5torms here gener.11e current which is sent back through the ionosphere 10 the south. It is like an alternating current on a yearly cycle instead of sixty cycles per second, it's one cycle per year - six months one way, six months the other. Professor Aurcla also has a gr.1ph of the daily variation m electrical activity, and the graph shows that here in the nonhem hemisphere the highc.\t level of activity is between l l and one o'clock at night. As happens here, most of the thunders1om1 activity in the southern zone occurs just before sundown, so the surge arrives up here around midnight, and then activity tapers off towards morning. There's a daily variation, and there's a seasonal variation. We just happened 10 be on Grandfather Mountain during a period of peak activity. (conttnucd CG po&< 10) JGoti&ah Journot pal)& 0 �Old Houses Even exposed to all weathers it takes many years for a strong house, untended, 10 collapse of itself. First the boards have to weather, shedding even the little life the ax lelt them. The doors, swollen with rain, must open, inviting owl and vole and every creature at random like a kind of ark: men without money and lovers at play on the one brown mattress. Boys in summer must stone the windows to blindness. then grow themselves into sternness and silence, assuming the weight of their lives. The wine bonles smashed in the oorner must gather dust and the eaves go crazy with birds. and the floors curl up like sleepers grown cold. Then the stones it sits on must sink in the wet eanh as they open at last to the frost's slow demolition. TIii tho whole house slumps, a haven for snakes, so low nol even the wind caJ1 rattle it anymore. II No strata of wills. deeds, papers, stacked in the courthouse can tell you how it came to this, why the rose bush runs wild over the back steps, and a rag doll is left down cellar by a stack of books. No matter. Today is one out of many and you are happy. Nothing here is haunted. Squirrels skitter off like regrets · as you enter their chamber. a tourist, a snapshot. The old boards give back the light with a kind of joy, the rose llght of evening, the sun's dark laughter. For it takes. it takes many years. - Richard Nester Drawing by Rob Memck (aintinued 6om page 9) ls all this related somehow to the Brown Mountain Lights? Maybe it is! Perhaps Brown Mountain for some geological or physical reason is more conductive. Perhaps i1 is positioned in such a way, or iis roots go down to a cenain depth beneath the Eanh so lha1 it aurac1s more of this kind of activity. Maybe not. However, for whatever reason, there are fireballs shooting around on Brown Mountain. And in the Andes Mountains in Peru, 1he highest mountains in the Southern Hemisphere, where one would expect to sec an elecaical activity center, there is a phenomena called the "Andes LlghLc;": mysterious lights that can be seen among I.he mountain peaks. In guidebooks I have seen references to lhe Brown Mountain LighLS tha1 describe I.hem as being "...similar to the Andes Lights in Peru." They seem to be much the same. Bur who knows? We just do not know enough yet to be sure. Xatimh Journot ptuJe t 0 Resource Reading: The Earth's £/ecmcal E11viro11ment by E. Philip Kirder and Raymond G. Roble, co-chairmen (National Academy Press: Washington, DC: 1986) . lightning, Auroras, Nocturnal lights, and Related Phe,wmena by W.R. Corliss (Sourcebook Project; Glen Arm, MD: 1982) Aurela, Asko and Risto Punkkinen,"Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide and Nonhem Plants," Report of Kevo Subarctic Research Station 17: 1-6 (1981) or • Schematic diqiam ela:uic c:wn:i,15 in lhe ionosphere and inner magnctosphett. Sowa,: the Eanli's El«tricol EnvirOMIDII b)I E. Phibp Ki.rdcr and Raymond 0 . Roble Punkinnen, R. and A.M. Aurela, "Production of N02 and Sound in Positive Streamer Discharges," 7th lnternatio11al Conference 011 Atmospheric Electricity (American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1984) Summer, 1991 �KA TUAH AND THE EARTH GRlD "The Earth grid" is an energy system that surrounds the emire planet. Dowsers think of the grid as a network ofelectric and magnetlc energies. Meraphysicians see the grid theory as yet atwther demonstration that 1/ze Earth is a self-regulating system and a consciollS being. There is a wide divergence of viewpoints on the nature of the Eartlt Grid and Katuah's place in the system. Following are s1mu11aries of the opinions ofa few of the individuals in Ka11,ah who routinely work with Earth energies: Joll11 Shisler is a biolocation co11sultan1. Using a combinatio11 of traditional dowsing techniques a11d scientific equipment, he assis,s clients i11 choosing building sites and construc1i11g buildings for optimum health. He takes inu, accow11 Earth energies, climate, soil rype, and also the surroundlng lu1111an-created energy fields. Theories about Lhe Earth grid began to surface about 50 years ago in France and Germany. Dr. Josef Oberback of Gennany originated the lheory of two grid systems, a cosmic grid which runs nonh to south, and east to west; and an Eanh grid system which runs northeast 10 southwest, and northwest to southeast. The two grids lie in close proximity, wilh the Eanh grid crossing points about seven inches away from the crossing points of the cosmic grid. There is constant energy exchange and interaction between the two grids, and ii can become difficult to separate the two when mapping. There is no mystery about the grid. It is nothing more than vibration, or frequency. The two grids can be mapped and measured Superimposed on each other, the two grids create what would be ca.lied in electr0nic tenninology, a "2 x 2 memory core system" of el~oical and magne~c fields. These crossing points could be descnbed as "spiral vortex energy." Except in the event of earthquakes, the Eanh Grid fluctuates very li1tle. The cosmic grid fluctuates seasonally, expands and contracts at sunrhe and sunset, and shifts during eanhquakes. The Christian church calendar, which bases its holy days upon the old pagan holidays, follows the seasonal fluctuations in the cosmic grid. On October20 near All Saints Day, the cosmic energy field ' begins to expand. By December 20, the cosmic grid lines are as large as nine feet in width. This i~ also the time of year when people e,cpenence more heallh problems. By February 2, the day when the Christ child was introduced to the church, the cosmic grid lines have receded back to their normal size of two and one-half inches in width. Everything that we do 10 the Earth attracts the magnetic flux in the Earth at the local level. If we dig up tree roots, put in dumps, or place huge culverts in the Eanh, as we are doing now, we change the lines of magnetic flux. The human adult is composed of70% water. Every atom in our bodies is replaced periodically. We lose two pounds of cells per day. We have new skin cells every thiny days. We are in a constant state of change. Every blast of energy goes through our bodies, whether that energy is from the Earth, cosmic rays, magnetic s1onns, or human-made electronic energy. It is not only the gcopathic location of one's residence that determines the debilities 10 which one is most liable. We arc changing !he molecular structure of our bodies because of the barrage of the horizontal electrical field which we have created, as opposed to the venicaJ field of energy coming down from !he cosmos and the steady-state electrical field coming up from the Earth. We arc affecting ourselves at the cellular level so rapidly that we have stepped up our own evolution by 50,000 years. by Charlotte Homsher Richard Crutchfitld, a dbwser from Weaverville, NC works 1 ridgecops along 1l11t Jte Blue ridge Parkway searching for negative vortexes and evldence of ancienc sacred sites. Richard works with two basic grid energies. The Curry grid of magnetism is the Eanh Grid. It runs in lines nine co ten feet apan around !he globe in a nonheast-southwcst orientation. These lines are intersected by peipendicular lines about the same distance apart. The intersections have positive, neutral, and negative energies which alternate along !he lines. . The Hartmann grid is the cosmic grid which overlays the Earth Grid. The cosmic grid has wider lines which vary in width according 10 where the Earth is in relation 10 1he sun, and other factors. The fluctuations of the cosmic grid influence our behavior. {conunucd on nu.I page) The new double pcntadodecahedron grid p:iuern now emerging Summer, 199 1 • from Nrw Earllo Odystty by Joseph Robcn.JochmJJ1s C) 1989 Xatimh Journot paqe 11 �(conlil!ucd from pogo II) Richard has found much evidence of ancient sacred sites in the mountains. Of panicuJar interest 10 him arc the many large rocks which were cut and placed in the landscape by the ancients who placed "walls of energy" into the rocks. Richard uses t11e tenns "positive.. and "negative" to describe vonex energy as either heallhy or unhealthy. Po:.itive vortexes are generally found where the vege1ation is lush and the area seems invi1mg. There may be fairy rings in these areas. The negative vortex area.,; can be recognized by scruffy vegetation and fallen trees. The negative vonexes become unhealthy for various reasons, possibly including violence from old cultures or our own negative thought forms. Using dowsing tools, Richard reverses the flow of energy in the negative vortexes. I le believes that he is aiding the healing of the Earth by helping to restore unblocked flows of energy. • rn late winter, 1991, Richard perceived with his dowsing rods that there were two new energies on the ridgetops. The first was a steady, unfluctuating su-cam of energy which came from the nonhwest and blanketed the mountains. This energy was of a very positive, healing nature. There was also another kind of energy which was moving uphill at knee level with both negative and positive polarity flows. Richard docs not think either of these new energies is geomagnetic, nJthough they may be related 10 the life force energy which comes in through the node system of the Eanh Grid. He believes that the energy may have been activated by very sophisticated pre-planned engineering on the part of someone or some force, possibly by the ancients. When this energy hits sacred sites, the siLes seem 10 spring back to life. Medicine wheels activated by this energy are very powerful. Bill Waften has smdied Native American prophecies and traveled exrensivel>• to sacred sires the world over. His eleventh book, Pilgrimage, will be available this summer at the United Research lighJ Cemer near Black Mo111110i11. The Cherokee Indians recognized that the Earth energy in Katiiah was feminine/right brain energy. They refe~d 10 Grandfather Moon and Grandmother Sun until they were forcefully reloc~ued to Oklahoma where the prevalent energy was masc11line/righ1 brain. The masculine counterpan 10 the Katuah area in the United States is the Four Comers area. The Hopi peace prophecy states that there will be global peace when the Rainbow is completed between the Hopi Four Comers area and the Cherokee Katuah. In 1984 Diana and Jim Gourc from the United Research Light Center began prayer group pilgrimages from Cherokee, North Carolina to the Four Corners area.. They believed that they had anchored the Rainbow into the etheric. However, they were not aware of the Cherokee interpretation of the prophecy that called for extending the pilgrimages 10 the Mount Shasta area and nearby Black Butte, California. The prophecy also called for prayers for all the people who lived between these three power poinlS. Pilgrims from Kntuah who wish to fulfill the Hopi peace prophecies may travel the "Icy lines," or lines of power, by way of the Grand XatiUJh JoumaL pa<JC 12 811/ IValrcrs Canvon, Southern California, Mount Whitnev, and north to Mount Shas1a: or by an alternate. route from the Four Comers area to the Gmnd Teton Mountains, the Bighorn Mountains, Yellowstone National Park, and then west to the Mount Shasta-Black Butte area. Mary arrd Joseph Jocllma11s recemly moved to Sowlt Carolinafrom New Hampshire. Mary is a karmic galactic astrologer and Joseph is known/or his book Rolling Thunder. The Coming Earth Changes. The pair co,uittct 1011.rs 10 sacred sires aro1111d the world and are co11sidered authorities on ancient cultures arrd vortex energy. Together they research what they call the "evolving crystal grid." Their grid theory involves complex patterns ofgalactic co11jiguratio11s, ancient symbols, and sacred geomerry. According to the Jochmans, the Earth is a living evolving, crystal fonn. She has points of power on her surface which increase in number every time she moves into a higher energy. Along with the increase of power points, there is also a corresponding increase in the lines of energy (the grid) between these power points. When the continents were splining apan about 220 million years ago. 1hey broke along Lhe lines of a tetrahedron. Since Lhat time the geomeaic configuration of this grid has become ever more complex. The Earth is now undergoing a massive shif1 which will result in 1he most complex grid yet. The new grid will be a double pentadodecahedron. The power points on this new grid will increase from the present 64 to a ~otaJ of 486 poccntiaJ sacred sites. The ancients located their sacred sites and built their monuments on or near the grid power poims. Many of these old sites will be dying or changing purpose as the new power points emerge. The Harmonic Convergence of 1987 marked the beginning of these changes. The new crystal grid will be in pin~ within 30 ye:irs. The energy now being anchored into the Sou1heas1 is feminine, intuitive, hean energy. Mary claims that the m.ijor power poini for the Capricorn Compassion node will be anchored in the Carolinas or Tennessee by 1996. Compassion as defined by Mary means "the ability to communicate one's compassion for all of life," The old anchoring point for this compassion energy was the ancient mythical Allanth which is off the Florida coast. There are manv Karmic connec1ions between Ka11iah, Atlantis; and Lemuria. Remnants of the land mass of the old Atlantis can still be found in Lhe Southeast. In Peach Tree Rock, a heritage trust site in South Carolina, there arc visible crusts of rock from the original Atlantis. The Elbenon quarry district in Georgia, site of the largest granite deposit in the world, is sitting on the edge of a huge mass of crystalline rock 35 miles long. This same crvstalline mass is connected to the underground mass of Stone Mountain. When the crystalline energy is triggered by the anchoring of the new grid, many mountains, such as Stone Mountain, will become reawakened. Also the EJbenon granite, which has been exponed around the world, will become reac1iva1cd with the Compassion energy. According to Joseph, the Eanh will not allow manipulation of these higher new energies. We cannot force the changes, and neither can we stop them We can delay the anchoring of the energies for a time by our resistance 10 change, bu1 the Earth will be reborn no matter what we do. The Earth changes do not have to be cataclysmic if we can "allow the Eanh Mother to go through this birth." We are the creatures with the greatest po1entiaJ 10 lose everything in the Eanh Changes, yet we are also the potential midwives. "We are the Earth Changes ourselves. If we change within ourselves first, then we become a force of change to bring lrUe co-creation to the planeL" Those who wislifor information about the Jochmans' Alma Tara Multi-versiry, the Universal Magi Apprenticeship program, or to subscribe ro their newsletter. may write them a1; Jlox /0703; Rock Hill, SC 29731. Mary & Joseph Jockmans S11mmcr, l 99 l �THE CALL OF THE ANCIENT ONES: The Spiritual Re-Awakening of the Great Smoky Mountains :Cl has become increasingly evident over lhe past decade lhat the Eanh is indeed chan~ng. All around us rhe climate becomes more unprediclllble while volcanoes awaken to cast the earlh's blood heavenward in fiery splen_dor. De~rts grow larger and areas of rich and tillable soil grow smaller. Rivers and seas continue to pound lhe continental shores, carying their signarures into lhe landscape while battles rage for the cleansing of their polluted walers. UnnaturJl clouds block lhe swlight from our cities, and the land groans wilh the pain of greal quak<!S thal rend and tear the fault lines lhal lay in lace-like patlems over lhe plane1's surface. All the while, humanuy wages war amongst ourselves, economic siabi!ity wav_ers. and political, social, and religious penis challenge our very survival. Bui th<;se are the frightening negatives regarding planetary change, for arnidsl all lhe apprehension and uncenainty some wonderfully positive global events are (!CCUrring lhat are unprecedented in modem umes. These events will perhaps do more to open the minds and heans of humans to a greater awareness of the truth of the "living E~''. theory than anything the academic or s~1enllfic "".orlds could ever offer to prove or disprove this age-old tnnh. An explanation of these events spans lhe fields of geology and geomancy, and encomp~sscs lhe perspectivCl; of_l~e sa_cred ecology of Native American spmtunlity as well as related beliefs and practices of other ancient cullures. The body of Mother Earth is dotted with special power sites, bolh natural and human-created, that were recognized and used by our ancestors for lhe performance of their ~cred c~remonies. Balefires have lil up the mght skies on the grassy slopes of ancient Av~lon while priests and priestesses wound their way through the stone circles at Stonehenge and Avebury. Patient eyes have awmted Grandfather Sun 10 make i1s annual imprint upon the walls of Newgrange in Ireland and Chaco Canyon in the American Sou1hwes1. Sacred mountains all over the \\-Orld have beckoned pilgrims to lhc1r summits and the healing waters from holy rivers, wells. and springs have blessed and repaired 1he bodies and souls of the faithful who have lilied their chalices with sweet waters, 1hc Earth Mother's very source of life. Yes, our forbears were clme to the Earth. They called her Mother. TI1ey knew lhe wholeness of Nature and lived their lives as 11 conscious relauve pan of all the planet'!> life kingdoms. It was precisely because of tl11s closeness that our ancestors could sense the and potent _life force of the planet being emmcd at specific sttes. It "'as to those pfaces that they retreated for healing and rcplenis~me_nt, and it was there that they did ceremonies in honor and recognition of the natural earth forces around them lh3t gave power and purpose lO their hves. ra"': Since the latter days of the Allantean em, Summer, 1991 by Page Bryant Pun&al An by We. Wyan humans have gradually moved forward in evolution. Civilizations have come and gone. Many spiritual traditions have sprung from the Atlantean "root," presided over and preserved down ~rough rime br Egyptian hierophanlS, Delphic oracles, Celuc pneslS and priestesses, My_stery Schools, and adepts and shamans of vanous culrures. As evolution proceeded, ho~~ver, modem times and society nnd new religions pushed the Old Traditions into the darkness of obscurity This, like the Earth, is changing. Once m<?i:e the Wisdom Teachings and the social, sp!ntual, and ecological values they foster, are being sought by modern aspirants. At thi~ panicular lime. a revival of interest in Native American spirituality is spreading like wildfire worldwide, due no doubt to its embodiment of the principles inheren1 in the Earth Religions of the ancienl past. These principles have a tremendous bearing on our ecological problems of today. People are seeking lo learn about ceremony and are using it as a loo! for gaining a closer relationship with the planer. a relalionship 1hat has long been lost and/or devalued. As a result. the location of sacred sites is of intere~t to thousands of sp1riwal seekers worldwide, and ceremonial voices have begun to resound, once again, within sacred stone circles, medicine wheels, fairy rings. and other cercmon1al grounds. Power spots or vortexes. long dormant. have begun to awaken during this time of planetary change and ren~wal. Their power will once again be available 10 empower humans and members of other kingdoms to progress into a New Dawn. While doing the re~arch and channeling for The Earth ChanReS Survival Handbnok some ten years ago, my Spiril Tc,Kher. Albion. lor whom I have been the "mstrUment" for the past twenty years, gave infonnauon aboot lhis time of planetary change and mentioned ccn.un pl3ces in Nonh America 10 "'hich people would be drawn, some tcmporanly and others permanently. The intense degree of natural eanh power, the "energies," if you will, was to be the reason why individuals would foci such on attraction lo these places which would also be where "Light Centers" would spring up. designed to teach nnd guide spiritual seekers. The~ places, which Albion called "way slations," would ah.o be safe. in every way, during the planetary changes. They would be places where lhe land ilself would be tile greatest teacher. One of these locations was identified as the area surrounding Asheville Nonh Carolina. Olhers were Sedona, Ari~na. where my husband and l lived for eleven years; southern Colorado; pans of Hawaii; and Santa Fe, New Mexico, to name bur 3 few. While trying to make a decision as to the proper location for a move. due to a droughl thar Albion predicted would become much worse, and for olher personal desires, Albion brought the Asheville area to our anention o.s the plac~ to which he would like l0 see us move. [a thal ~ession, ~e Teacher offered some interesting infonnauon aboul the Great Smoky Mountains lhat I feel is important to share with my rea~ers,- I am, for the most part, using Albion s exact words so that the reader might get lhe "feeling" that the Teacher tried 10 portray: "...The Great Smoky Mountains themselves arc the Elders... the Ancient Ones:.. whose voices have sung the Song of Creauon on the North American continent longer lhan lhe voices of any other mountain range. They arc so very, very powerful, and lhat power may be explained in lhree ways. "First, because of lheir particular situation geologically, and lhe powerful influence of the ne3=1by sea. the~ mouniains arc magnetic in thet.r charge of hfe force. Magnetism is of the nature of lhe element of watt..-r. It is conducive to helping one rum wi1hin, 10 tap the subconscious and the Collective Unconscious. Magnetism promotes ~nsitivity and awakens the psychic and intuitive faculties wilhin human consciousness. Magnelism is lhe feminine force in Nature. These mountains are filled with natural springs and underground river., and caves that have a sublerrancan water source. "Secondly, because we are labeling lhem as "magnetic mountains," they are conducive: to the energies necessary to assist Spiritual Seekers \l.ith their Vision Quests more so than any other mountains in the world at lhis umc . 'Thir~ly. the Smokie~ hold the 'memory' ol th~ breaking up of the continents dunng previous planet.1ry changes and of the mountain building procc.,s. They have 'recorded' the ancient voices of Nature tha1 are unmatched on your continent. Smee the l:m period of Eanh changes, some len thousand year.; ago, these great mouniuins have hecn 'asleep.' their energy but a shallow breath. It was aho during ll10se ancient times of upheaval that lhese mountains were first inhabited by Allantean m1grnnt, who spread throughout the \I.Orld ~eekmg refuge nnd ne\l. beg.innin~. To this day. there arc ancient rock and b:trk scrolls and SO!llC cave drawings that arc 1\tlamc.1n an their on gin 1h:11 still exi~t wilhin various pans of these mountains. "This place has long been the site of :m:ane ~ercmonies. Although man) of lhe mountain peaks have been worn do"'n wnh time. there were once seven summits in the Smokies which were u~cd throughout the centuri~ as ceremonial !;lit:;. The areas around (aJlllurucd c,n llellt J>OS•) Xotuah Journal JlCl()C 1'3 �(coniinw,d liom Pl&• 13) them still comain n:mnaotS and artifactS of the Old Ways. Some of 1hosc whom you call Native Americans were born from these Atlantcan ancestors, while others migrated here from other continents and settled into this land. For a shon time, the mountains remained awake to their full energy potential before slipping into an introvened slumber. Once, through time, their power re-awakened for a shon time, to embrace the native people who fled into lhem for safety so that they and their tradition might survive the thrca1 of the invaders for later rimes. These who the mountains hid were those you call the Cherokee. "Beginning in the middle of the decade of the 1980's, the Great Smoky mountains began LO awaken once again 10 their full power. This process will be comple1e by the year I 993. Between now and 1hen, many will be drawn 10 this area. They will come to live and to study and to 'connect' themselves with Mother Earth. Teachers will come 10 the area and some will establish Light Centers. Ancient ceremonies will be practiced once again on these mountain slopes and the Native American tradition and people will become stronger and more irnponan1 to the natives themselves. Sacred sites throughout the mountains will re-awaken, sites such as Chimney Rock, Blowing Rock. Mt. Mitchell, Wayah Bald Mountain, Grandfather Mountain, Flat Rock, and Looking Glass Rock will once more embrace Seekers and emit their most potent power. The waters of the Smokies will become more potent and can be used for healing the body. They will be rich for growth and fertility. The planis of the area will increase in their potency so that their medicinal value will be greatly enhanced. The formation of 'brotherhoods' and 'sisterhoods' will have their birth in these mountains once again." must be and what my future as a teacher mus1 be. It is here, in the Great Smoky Mountains that I will live and work 10 awai1 and experience the awakening of the Ancient Ones. It is here that r will listen to 1he Voice of the Earth Mother sing the song of Creation... of Wholeness... and of Rebirth. And, it is here 1hat I will seek to add my ·ligh1· 10 the ·ugh1s· that are already here... in peace and in harmony with the Spirit Forces and the Greai Devas of the Mountains. So mote it be! Page Bryant is a ttacl~r and p.rychic ofmany years txptritnce. Shr has sludit'd atensivt'ly with Nativt American mtdicmt ttachtrs and is familiar with naJivt' prophecies abow the currtfll Earth changes. She has wrttttn st11tral books, one of IM bt'st known Ming The Earth Changes Survival Kandbook. fltr /WO nr:wtsl rtkasts art. Tcrmvis1on, a pr~r on sacred sitts o/tht world. and The Aquarilln Guide lO N;wve American Mythology. Page and l:t'r husband Sco11 Guynup, a visionary artis1, havt optntd 1he Mystic Mowuain Rt1re_a1 and Ltar,ung Cuittr and may bt' rtaehtd at -,07 8rUJIS\l,1C'Jc Drive; Waynmillt', NC 28786 (704} 456-6714. This article was reprinted from Eanh Walk, tht ntwsltlltr ofThe Earth Ctn/tr, which is dedicated 10 personal <kvelopmtnt and Earth htaling by bringing s1udtnts toge1/iLr with well-known Native l.!ru!rican ltachus Olld holding regular spirltMDl ceremonies ill 1hr narivt ,radicion. The Earth Center is mam«zintd by Zoe and Jim Marun. Contact them 01 302 Old Ftllowship Road, Swannanoa, NC 28n6 (704) 298-3935. WIIEN THE MOUNTAINS A WAKE Upon hearing the Teacher's words, I knew, beyond doubt, where 1 must relocate. knew what the next step on my path of life (from a conversation wi1h Page Bryant) "My spiri1 teacher Albion has repeated numerous times in speaking of the Eanh Changes, 'We don't wan1 you to limit yourselves by thinking about 1he Earth in only the physical sense. When we say Earth Changes we are talking about geological and climatic changes, but we are also talking about social, political, and spiritual changes.' RESOURCES ······~. .... . .~~~~.1!·~·-· - • Earth Ascending. Jose Arguelles (Bear & Co. Publisher.i, Santa r-c, NM. 1988) • Thi! Divining Jland: The 500 Ytar Old Mys1try q/ Dowsing. Chris10phcr Bird (New Age Press; P.O. Box 1216; Black Mounlain, NC 28711. 1979-1985) •Ttmn•ision. Page Bryant (Hi1rpcrMd Row, New York. 1991) • Anti·Gravity and tlu- World Grid Ed1tc.d by David Hatcher Childress (Advcntwts Unlimited Press; Box 22: Stelle, IL 60919. 1987) ~ /(:i;<-:;;~\ ..:· . .. • • • ·:. . • ...... , _ ~ ··.... ··.........' ....... ..... . . , ··- .......... .......... . l ....\ ... ······-......... : ; .,-.. •• I jlll'"li~l.'i,,,__ . '• ·..:. - .... .. . . , • r(!C()rtkd by DW • The Earth Sp,ril. Its Ways. Shrines and Mys1tries. John Mitchell (Crossroads Publislung Co., New York, NY. 1975) • T~ Ntw Vi= Over Atlantir. John Mitchell (Harper and Row Puhlishcrs, San Pranci51CO CA. 1986) • Looking Gia.rt Univtrst: The Emogmg Scitnce of IVhokMSS. F. David Peat and John Briggs (Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York. 1984) • Tht Ancitnl Srienu ofGtomancy. Nigel Pennick (Townes & Hudsen. Ltd., London. 1979) • o! •• • "Geomancy: A Tawny G111111mor; Steven ~ l in Rais,: tht Sraus (Spnng, 1984 • Planet Drum Found:11ion; P.O. Box 31251; San Francisco, CA 94131) • Where ug1wi.f livt. Doug Ro~Jln (Cherokee Publicnlions: P.O. Box 256; Cherokee, NC 28719) • Black Dawn • Bright Day. Sun Bear & Wabun Wind (13.e.lrTribe Pub.; Box 9167; SpocMc, WA 99209. 1990) Wet England. 1984) • Nttdlu o[Srone. Tom Graves (Granada Publishing Lid. 1980) :. .: d ~ • Ear1hmind. Paul Devereux, John S1ccle, and David Kubrin (Harper and Row Publishers, New York. 1989) • Ftng Shui: Thr Seitnet ofSacrtd Landscape in China. Em~ J. Eilel wilh commem.:iry by John Michell, (S)'IICJ'getic Pless; 24 Old Gloucester Street: London -... , . . ~. . "The sacred sites in the Appalachian Mountains are coming into their power. 1993 is a year tha1 I feel will be intense in every way. Bui people are not going to be able ro experience that power until they reconnect themselves 10 the Mother Eanh. 'There are mnny ways to regain our connection with the Eanh. One 1s 10 educate yourself about the Earth. That is what my book The Eanh Changes Survival Handbook is all about. 'That is well and good, bu1 we need 10 go a step funher. We need 10 learn from the native people. and the most imponam thing we can learn is ceremony. "We have to get back into doing the ceremonies 1ha1 honor the forces in narure. We've jus1 become 100 sophisticated for our own good. Jus1 try getting up in the morning and greeting the sun. Take a handful of cornmeal and throw it up toward the Sun and say, 'Thank you, Grandfather. Thank you for the new day.' "Do that for seven days - ir you don·t feel better, more connected 10 the Sun and 10 the Earth, then don'1 do it any more. "Something simple: we have a sign by the water tap in the the kitchen tha1 says, 'Remember the water spirits.' "People want to know what that means. I ask them, 'When is the last time you gave 1hanks to the water spiri!S for being here?' "They say, 'What?' "Obviously it's no1 a question of when was the last rime, because they have never done it before. They've never though1 abou1 it 1ha1 way. Well, I lived in the desert for 12 years, and r learned 1here 1ha1 it's really important 10 have a good solid peace with the water spirits. 'That's some1hing to think abouL We lake these things for granted. That's the big enemy: we lake all these things for granted. No1jus1 the Eanh, the waler, and the air, but also each other.. .life! If people can stop doing that, then we've staned the ball rolling." • TM Ages ofGOia: A Biography of our livin1 Ea,-1/t. J:imcs Lovelock ry./.W. Nonon & Co. Inc. New York. 1988) Orawina by Rob Meaick • Sacrtd Pious. James A. Swan (Bear & Co. Publishing. Santa Fe, NM. 1990) • Ear1h Wisdom. Delores LaChapclle (Finn Hill Ans; P.O. Box 542; Silvcr1on, CO 81433. 1~78) Summer, 1991 �"If the Earth Is To Heal, Our Hearts Must Be Broken": Two Experiential Approaches to Reconnecting with the Earth by Richard Lowenthal Earth Dance Since August oflast year I've been deeply involved in the fonnation of an innovative environmemal youth program called EanhDance. There are two primary "guiding lights " behind this program. First is the belief that our youth need in-depth and experiential knowledge about our environmental crisis - . and about viable, practical solutions. Second 1s the observation that young people are . disenfranchised in our society, and are growing up feeling helpless and/or apathetic about their future. They are desperate for guidance, support, and hope. They are seeking a positive aliemative vision. In speaking with groups of young people throughout the Asheville, North Carolina area, EanhDance director Mark Fields and I have been astounded and saddened to hear the bleakness of many kids' vision of the future. Even from nine and ten year olds, when we ask them to imagine the world twenty years from now, we hear responses like: "In 20 years there won't be any eanh." "1 see the whole planet covered in black smoke." "The hole in the owne layer will keep growing, and we'll all be fried by radiation." They have good reason to be frightened Although our culture voices concern for our childrens' future, it ii; simultaneously devouring the planet and pirating the natural, financial, and social resources essential 10 the future of the coming generations. Amazingly, environmental education is still considered an educational "frill," and sits at or near the bottom of the totem pole of educational priorities. This error is a symptom of OUT failed relationship with the natural world. This massive failure in tum translates into failed relationships with our children, since we are initiating them inro a social system badly out of touch with reality. And buying a child off with a new computer or video game doesn't change the underlying truth: if we really cared about our children and the world they are inheriting, we would be doing much more chan we presently are ro deal. with t~e profo~nd social and ecological cnses which cononue to deepen around us. Within our society and within each of us individually, there exists a _pressing n~ed for adaptive change and conscious evoluuon, a need that we consistently refuse to recognize. We need 10 honor the Eanh, to begin again to nunure the awareness chat this planet is our Home, that we belong here and are responsible for caring for our Home place. One way to promote this aw3:"!"CSS, an~ the sense of caring nunurnnce that n evokes. 1s through planting trees. This spring, EanhDance sponsored a tree ~ale and plan tin~ project for young people, wh1<:_h w:c: unique m its multi-leveled approach. This proJCCt had three interconnected goals: 1) To empower young people (age 9-18) to act on behalf of their communities and their S1nt111ia-, 1991 Planring trees al GrQ.NJ[Olhu Mountain natural environment, and 10 literally get "in touch" with che Earth by planting trees. 2) To teach kid5 that environmentalism and money-making can coexist, and in fact can In suppon each other. _ this case, 40~ of the money raised by selling trees went directly . back to their environmental groups or classes m school, 10 be used for other environmental projects chqsen independently by each group. (The remaining 60% of the proceeds covered EarthDance's expenses in coordinating the project.) One group donated its earnings 10 black bear protection work, while an~ther chose 10 buy and protect an area of r:unforest. Yet another group set its money aside to fund the projects of the environmental club during the coming year. 3) To conduct a liCientific experimen1 . based on soil rcminemlizarion as a therapeutic technique for healing both !;Oil and trees. In coordination wilh Dr. Roben Bruck, a nationnlly known expen on acid min and plant pathology, EanhDance arra!'lged for tree plantings on areas at Mt. Mi1chcll and Grandfather Mountain that have been devastated by a combination of airborne pollution, insects, and fungi. Using a na1urally derived mineral rock dust study groups remincmlized half of the where trees were being replanted, while the remaining areas were left alone to serve as controls. Dr. Bruck expects 1he rock dust to significantly im~rove th_e ~es' chances of survival due 10 its alkahmzmg effect on the soil and 'the concentration of irace minerals it provides for the trees' nourishment In . Germany. large-scale remine:-l1iw.tion efforts _m the Black Forest have been highly successful m rejuvenating dying forest stands. . . Herc m Asheville, another expenment 1s under way on the Audubon Society's new land at Beaver Lake, where kids planted 200 trees - area; ~vcamores, hickories, pecans and hybrid chesmms - and remincml1zcd half of them. EanhDance is also planning future projec1i, to explore whether reminemlization can, ns Dr. Bruck suspects, minimize or perhaps stop the damaging dogwood blighL All the!">C effons arc imponant, yet the crucial aspect of the EanhDancc approoch is the focus on active involvement and experiential education for our youth. Technical solutions and temporary improvements will no~ suffice lO insure a sustainable society and a habitable planet. We need a drastit "change of hean" even more than a "change of mind." We already realize the gravity of OUT situation; th~re is plenty of terrifying inf0rnl3tion oa that topic. What we need now is courage, inspiration and lwpe. We need hean-lcvcl inspiration to get _us motivated, but inspiration never lasts unless 11 is convened into hope and encouragement through direct personal experience. As Mark Fields puts it, ''The problems of our world ultimately spring from OUT sense of separation from life and each other. The mos1 effective way to heal this sense of separateness is through building connectedness and community: actual involvement in life. "In thinking 1his through, I concluded that OUT children arc the most effective "acupressure poin1" within human society 10 quickly tum things around. Most a~ults arc either so busy or so shut down emononally that they arc simply unavailable for intensive involvement. Our kids, on the other hand, arc desperate for involvement, for real participation in life. And the kids have the most to lose, too. They know we need to preserve the planet, but they aren't seeing much real change; they arc offered public posturing and "green" slogans instead. This conveys a negative message to our youth, and increases their frustration and cynicism. "If young people don't have a positive oullet for their energy and youthful enthusiasm, they tend to lapse into depression or apathy. But if their potential energy is guided and convened into activated. energy, then they can work to change the direction into which our planet is heading - and they can feel much beuer about themselves and their future. Only if a tremendous grasH'OOts movement arises, among both children and adults, can we move towards righ1 relationship, wholeness, and harmony. I see this movement as one of the bare essentials for the survival of humanity and the planet - and it 1s happening. and slowly growing, becau:;e II is so desperately needed. We need more than anything 10 reconnect with, and honor, our Source.·• MurJ; Firld.r is aformrr busi11essman ondflowtr farmrr who spent many )·ears living in the f<Jln/oresu of Costa Rica lit rtlMTMd nnrth ,n 1988 fuling a dup r.onu,11 for ow social and p/JJMUJry tn1v-0=111. and rpent tM [WI two ~ors dew/oping the ideas bthilld EanhDanct. Phone (704) 2.52.Jlll/8 or writ( to Ca11hDa11cc htStllutt: P.O. Box 2155: Ashl!Vlllf. NC 28802. (continuod on nm r•i:•) �(conlinued rrom page 1S) Children already have the connection. Little kids know - they feel it. It's amazing how much more they know than we do, how much more they sense. They just need encouragement. Karualr: I grew up surTounded by deep woods, arid I used to spend hours and hours exploring them. That was important for my growth, but most kids don't have that anymore. Their feelings are intact when they're very young. but without encouragement to feel their relationship to life around them, they start to lose touch. It's like autism, in a sense. We withdraw into the "separate" self, and cut ourselves off from reality. ReCreation Experiences Another Asheville-based program, ReCrearion Experiences, was begun last/al/ U> literally bring people "down to earth" through wilderness skills and outdoor living training. Based on the Native American ways 111ughr by tracker Tom Brown and his staff. ReCreation Experiences is led by founder Dave Torbett. I spoke with Dave about the focus of his reaching: Karuah Journal: What was the genesis of ReCrearion Experiences? Dave Torbett: About 8 years ago I began to envision developing a program to help people "come home," as I call it. Our culture has a built-in mentality that wilderness is "bad" or "dangerous," so we insulate ourselves from it. Backpacking has become very popular, but even then we're insulated. We wear heavy lug boots, we carry massive backpacks, we sleep enclosed in tents. We pack in our stoves and ice cbestS and lanterns, then go home feeling we've been "back 10 nature"! Despite the big wave of backpacking and outdoor recreation, we still have not gouen back to the Eanh. So I began 10 dream about an alternative to those kinds of camping and outdoor programs - a way to take people home, help them feel corilfonable with the Ennh, help them learn skills that teach them that our Mother provides everything that we need. It's very simple living. There's an old Apache saying that as far a.s humans' feet are protected from feeling the Earth Mother, that's how far humans' hearts will be from knowing her as M0ther. lf people's hearts aren't broken again, and they don't reawaken into a loving, caring relationship with the Earth, environmentalism will do some good, but in the long run people will tire of it and go back to their "convenient," desrructivc ways. So I feel we have to woo people back to our Mother. Xntuafl JoumoC P<1CJC 16 DrawingbyRobMculclt Katuah: It seems that the fundamental problem is our separation from nature. OT: Yes. A lot of it comes out of the Puritan mentality, which maintained that anything passionate was bad, including sex and nature. Anyone who's spent much time outdoors, or been out when the wind's blowing and the sky is tom apan by lightning, knows nature is passionate and alive, and not some thing that we can control. But our western mentality says, "If we can't dominate it, then we will kill it" Thai is still how we approach life: we analyze it, we do endless scientific studies... but there is an clement to the Earth that is spiritual, that is deep - something unfathomable. There's something magical about iL Our culture tries to obliterate that, to w1pei1 out. Karuah: Our obsession with conb'OI seems 10 be a major problem_ DT: Making fire with a bow drill provides a good example. If you don't work with the wood, the cord. and the tinder - if you try to dominate them - you may grind through that fire-board, but you don't get a fire! Once while we were doing a workshop for a group of parents, the lead instructor, Steve Ashmore, became very frustrated because he couldn't get a fire. He wns cranking hard on that bow drill, and nothing was happening. Finally he just laid everything aside and said "J quit." About 1wo seconds later, he looked over. and the '>'ind had sparked a coal in his tinder bundle. His tinder bundle was 5moking, it was on fire. He got a fire by saying ''OK. I give up." This was a great spiritual experience for Steve. As long as he had fought the energy and tried to control it, nothing had worked. But when he let go, the wind blew the coal into a flame for him. Trans formative moments like tha1 happen 10 people when they get back to being a pan of nature. When we're willing just 10 stop. put our bare feet on the Earth. and listen to her speak and b~thc...thcn we arc able 10 be transfonned. DT: Yeah, Tom Brown uses this example: imagine you've been lying in a hospital bed for 10 years. Your muscles atr0phy, and when you try to get up you can't walk, you have to relearn how to walk. We have innate awareness skills: we know how to live in harmony with the Earth, we know how 10 be in balance, we know how 10 let the spirit flow within us. But as our feet became removed from the Earth, our awareness skills atr0phied: all the spiritual awareness, the e,cpanded vision, the sensing of the movementS of our animal and plant brothers. All those sensing skills became atrophied. When people go outside, even for a little while, you hear them say how good they feel. Well, it's that reconnection. But since it's so unfamiliar, we have to help people define what they're feeling and realize that it's good. Sometimes people ask me if I'm "New Age," and I tell them, "No, it's a very "old age" thing we're doing. It's pan of us, we've carried a club a lot longer than we've earned a pen. We're toolmakers and craftspeople. We're more comfortable with creating, sensing and moving with the Ennh, than with anything else. Katuah: How does that deep rccoMcction with nature unfold inside us? What can we do to nurture it? OT: We have to gradually recover our inner sense of being comfonable with the Earth. This may mean starting with small periods of time when you can go outside and be alone and listen. You begin to rune your senses once again. You listen for sounds. you smell whatever's in the air, you begin to look with expanded vision. If you lie down on your stomach and look at one six-inch square piece of ground, you could fiU a notebook with all the things you see. There's a wonderful, mysterious place right there in your back yard. Take your shoes off. stand in the grass, then step away and look at your foorprint. That's the beginning of tracking: observation. Begin to observe what comes in and out of your yard, what lives there, what grows there. Begin to research all the plants that grow there. Take longer periods of time to be silent, breathe. and let the Earth speak to you. Let the spirit that moves in all things speak and move in you, and trust w~3;,,. t you begin to sense and feel. fr RcCrtaJion ~ritncts. an &mh skills and a/llllltlMIII program, offas work.tlwps and training 10 1/rt public. PhcM (704) 252-8688 or writt to RcCrearionuperitncrs:46 Wall S1ru1: Asheville NC 28801. SummcY-, t99t �, I ON AGGRESSION In 1838 Andy Jackson said that we should move aside for "civilized man," meaning white people with their plows, schools, technology, etc.. I think about the thing that happened in Iraq and I think about the wars carried on by "civilized man," and the way that we think about them. For instance.we consider ourselves "civilized" because we don't indiscriminately drop nuclear bombs on our enemies. But at the same rime it's "civilized" 10 thre:1ten people with nuclear weapons by havmg thousands of them To me this says that one of the things we haven't addressed is our own aggression. Looking around today, 1 see that spunking m dny-care centers has become an issue, and the argument is brought up that "the reason that there is so much crime. is because there is not enough spanking." . Now how could a child not grow up bemg aggressive when adulL'i hit him because they assume that his behavior cannot be ~~lied in any other way? Spanking and h11ung (as well as neglect) by adults is what causes wn.rs and criminality • not the tack of those! r recently witnessed white kids having a fight. One was an 11 year old boy who was pounding on a nine year old. The older boy's father came out with a big leather strap and beat the older kid for hitting the younger1>ne. That's how aggression and wars are perpetuated. We learn by example, all of us, adults and children. ln raising kids, it isn't what one says that is important; it's what one does. But in thi~ cul~urc ki?s are expected 10 respond to what ts s:nd, while the adults think that they can do whatever the hell they want to. And they don't realize that the children are learning from wh~t they are doing, not from what they are saying. The way to communicate non-violence. to say that there are other ways 10 solve our human problems than to nuke our enemies or 10 go aftei them with high technology weapons • is 10 live that kind of life. After awhile, we're expected 10 notice when we're doing something that doesn't ~ork. ,:tie v:iay we measure how well a policy 1s working 1s by the results ...and we're still slaughtering ourselves wholesale. The native people never thought that spanking was the right approach 10 dealing with children. To us spanking seemed barbaric - it was a barbaric, savage thing that dominant culture men did to their children. The traditional family was different from the fa!11ilies. of today. F~r.one thing, they were more inclusive. In a tradiuonal family the old people were respected. They were the caretakt:r.;, the nunurers, and the teachers of the children. They weren't meaningless lives best stuck off in a faraway house 10 die. Today we don't seem 10 have time to take care of our children or our old people. We're 100 busy making money 10 survive or 10 get ahead. We often leave the ca.re of our family Su111111cr, 1991 (These n.re the words of a IJ'Dditiorol Cherokee medicine ~n.) members 10 "professionals." But most of these "professionals" arc people who arc hired off the street to work a menial job for a minimum w~~e. Or we i:elinquish the responsibility of ra,s,ng our children 10 the school system. It ends up that frustrated, underpaid, Lower T/uuvkrlwle under-respected people have the responsibility for talcing care of our families. In a traditional family, the children were indulged - their every whim was met. But they we~ also made 10 feel like they were pan of the family and welcome 10 panicipate in family ac~ivi.ties. This ~esulred in a different way of 1h1nkmg, what 1s called a "cultural bias." People's identity was defined first by the family, then by the tribe and by the clan. Everybody, when we get hun. wants sympathy and empathy. r can remember as a small kid falling and crying, and somebody picking me up, hugging me, and raking care of me. I can rcmembt:r that. But as I got older the grown-ups just stopped reacting like that. They gradually had me become more responsible for myself. That went on up through the pubeny and moon lodge ceremonies. As I got older, if I misbehaved, people would simply walk away and act hun. White people call this rejection, but I don't see it as rejection at all. When as an adult, if someone violated cultural customs, but in a way that was not too serious, people might not talk with that person for a week. That was a powerful reprimand. The need 10 belong 10 the family and clan groups was so strong, that it was a motivating factor in modifying people's behavior. The most serious punishment was 10 be ostracized from the tribe. That was worse than death. If someone was ostracized from his family or clan, there was probably a 90-95% chance thnt person would commit suicide. That's a cultural bias. That wouldn't work in this culture. People don't have that tribal sense now. Today it's every man for himself. Just about every one of the native tribes recognized that the tram,ition from childhood 10 adulthood was a very imponant stage in a person's. life and marked it by some son of c_elebrrmon or pubeny ceremony: Pubeny is a t1~1e w_hen young peopl~ are having a variety of b1olog1~I change:. commg over them. and it's also a urni: when they are staning 10 question and doubt the thing:. that have been taught 10 them by the older people. This is called "the ~bellious stage" now. h is a time 10 question. a umc to a.\k: "Is there a God?" "Is Grandpa full of shit?"' - important mauers like that. Instead of trying 10 hold that energy down, or lock it up, or conrrol it, traditional people would encourage the young ones to search and 10 :;eek out answers for themselves. !'I~. one said, "This is the only way that there 1s, because experience taught them that if there was any truth or goodness or sohdriess 10 the philosophy that the young people were raised by, they would come back home after they were allowed to question, to doub1, and 10 experiment for themselves. I sure as hell did it, and the older l get, the more I find myself acting like my grandfather. Every once in awhile I look in the mirror, and I think he's standing there. And when I hear myself talking 10 my children, I hear his voice. I've gone in a big circle in my life. That circle went way, way out there, but now it's come back around. But that's fairly nonnal - that is, if there's any basis 10 the ideas one was brought up with. We also recognized that there was aggression in human beings. The white people have always thought that we had lots of wars among ourselves. but I think that our ''wars" were more like long-1enn, off-and-on feuds. We certainly weren't without aggression, but w~ ~!so didn't ~eep armies and build up m1l11ary s1ockp1les. In warfare and in raising children we were several thousand years more advanced than the dominant culture of today. Instead of putting all our energy into designing new weapons and military hardware, we sho_uld be 101e_lligcnt or civilized enough to deal w11h the basic problems of our aggression, our selfishness, our self-centeredness - not just with the symptom.-.. We have 10 face the fact that aggression is pan of us. It's pan of our t:rue name. Uut the dominant culture doesn't really address that. The present society substitutes "the big stick theory" - since we expect other humans 10 be aggressive, we create a big military to proteet our wealth and our ideas. c-un·.~ on ne11 pa1e) - · _, )(,(ltimf, Journal pa<)C 17 -. �(c:o111inucd from~ 17) The Cherokee people recognized our muuml aggression. They would arrange stickball games. Somelimes lhey senlcd disputes with u game of stickball. The word for "ballgame" was the same as the word for "war." People. ;ot hun playing stickball; somelimes pooplc even got killed. We certainly didn't solve the problems of aggression, but we had ways 10 deal wich them. Jn the Cherokee way of thinking, for example, there was no concept for cowardice. When we were having a baule 1,1,ith our neighbors, maybe the Creeks or somebody else, and we felt that we were losing too many of our people, even though we might be winning the conflict, we would just pack up our weapons and go home. We acted like 1his because life was sacred m us. The loss of too many people was more than we could handle. Indebtedness :ind revenge were parts of our culture in which we were nor VCI)' advanced. The basis of the clan justice svstcm was retaliation. Everybody knew thal if ihey tre:ued a member of :1no1her clan badly, they were going to get their ass kicked by all the rest of the clan. It made people think twice about mistreating someone, but the clans had 10 kick a lot of ass 10 uphold their reputations so the system would keep functioning. In clan maners we weren't as much a tribe a.\ a confederation. If someone was killed who wasn't kin or a clan member, other people often were not too concerned. Some Cherokee villages fought with the Creeks for years, while at the same time other Cherokee villagl!s were friends 10 the same Creeks. But revenge was a powerful motivation. However, there were restraims. The nation had what they called "red villages" and Aging...Changing Asheville, May. Jordan's jus1 now learned how 10 replace a pacifier between tiny we1 lips curled sweetly beneath May's sun while the new leaves of wild strawberries and blue-purple briars discover how it is warm and sad and odd beneath a cloudless Appalachian ceiling. And down the pebbled road I know through the inference of tre~ crashing through irees and the sorrowed, bloody thud of wood to earth lha1 the firs lll'TOSs the ridge arc just now learning, too: seeing how the cones shake and drop through lhe popping, cracking, fibrous wrenching of hot, oily metal teeth. The blue twist of two-cycle oil breath dissipa1es, quite satisfied, up and away through a canopy of needles, waiting in the silence of death for the imminent drying. The bridge has tumbled into the deep. Below the sloshing, muddy torrents !here are creatures calm and curious, monsters bloated, white, and wide-eyed, and between them somewhere in the murky stew an understanding odd and unspoken. Finned ~a1urcs stare at rare monsters queerly, wondenng what purpose they've come to !,C!Ve, To reclaim appliances, furniture, tires, boulcs, and else? To 1emp1 with wonn, jig, or spinner? Or perhaps only 10 say "l have driven submerged". The monsters stare back, but do not see or question • though lips are poised for speech. Hair standing on end pointing downstream, body slowly swaying, stiffening. Above, quiet whispers of drizzle beckon the sun's fading 10 hurry. And upstream muddy banks doued with the living who stand among red and yellow and blue s1r0bes, dizzy, pointing downstream, are disappearing in the rising. The living Stare also, blindly into swirling eddies of death. "w hi1e villages." Generali v it broke down th111 the aggressive people lived in the red villages, and the non-aggressive people lived in the white villa~es. The "Beloved Woman" was another built•in check within the syMcm. If everybody got all excited about something 1he Creeks had done and wanted to go make war right away, a Beloved Woman could say, "Listen, there's not going to be any warfare," and 1here wouldn't be any warfare. We had cenain checks and balances that developed through the centuries. I don't know if it was ever consciously though I out, but it fit in witb our cultural biases. How the clan system of justice would have developed in the future if it had not been contaminated by an influence as strong as western cuhure, J really don't know. Poems by James Proffitt Ancient, crude magnificence evolving from distant overtones to immediate, restless anger low and .still and brittle. Cracking pop splitting flash of flashes and flutter of an in splinters sweet pine mood rain pouring hail and sulphurous love of electric kissing a nameless fir clenched to the crest of a trillion ton stone. This is the beginning. What if old age is a healing crisis? - the harder old age is, the more healing is needed, As we get closer 10 Spirit, we cleanse naturally. Old unhelathy habits of body and mind come 10 the surface - we're more sensitive - more unable 10 abuse ourselves without instant repercussions. ~hat_ if we looked at aging as prosperity? Prospcnty IS abundance. The more we have of something, the more prosperous we arc. With age our numbers build like money in lhe bank experience - wisdom - value. When we age, we slow down so we can notice more. We learn how 10 conserve our energy, so that we can better become involved in olher realms besides the physical. Our culture has taught us that old age often means sickness. Bu, these sicknesses are probably only the accumulations of lifelong habits that harden us when we do not face issues and feelings in relation to ourselves and olhers...When we are not willing 10 change. The word change has age in iL It also bas can. lf we can stay open and make the changes we need to as we go along, the healing crisis needn't be so hard. Don·, let lhc healing pile up until 1he end. Ligh1en up your load. Count your blessings and your years - and when you reach I 00, it could be like collecting interest on a life well invested. • C Redmage Rcprint.cd from !he Floyd ReSl)urce Cooperative Muulrller; Bo~ 81: Floyd. VA 24091 A bear's nose quivers fur pointing that way, buck's ears and tail twitching water hissing steaming up and away from charred wood echo of a fading, wordless language. Later earth whispers beneath a sagging canopy wrecked foliage heaving and sucking expelling long ceremonious sighs having wealhered one more and only rhe foamy brown rnge of a river below and subtle, renewed spirit in flora to show. D,_,,,, by f1t1 Graef,: Xati«lfl Joumat pnge 18 (from IN CllMrttc Ught on tho Wind. .K~ p. JO} Summer. 1991 �SACRED FORESTS: Recommended Guide to Old Growth Stn11ds Green Spirits, our generous plant allies. gifl animal-kind with food, medicine, and counsel. While all animals consume 1he fiber and flesh of plants, few seek out the counsel and cures offered by plants. My favorite way to immerse my soul with plant and eanh energies is by entering and communing with the old growth forests. I prefer the 1enn "old growth forest" over the romantic misnomers "virgin forest" or "wilderness," which only exist in the minds of civilizations which have left the forest. Old growth forests are defined by many criteria, the most obvious of which are: the relative freedom of disturbance by humans; the presence of large trees and an uneven canopy structure; an abundant fungal component; and the presence of logs in alJ stages of decay. I gain reverence by day-hiking into these wooden-cities of forest inhabitants, where I temporarily become a citizen of these woods. But the greatest spiritunl sensitivity'comes to ptc after $pending three or more days in the fores1s. Gradually. one becomes more "in tune" to the subtle rhythms and energies of a truly balanced ecosystem. Words poorly describe this personal experience; I can only encourage readers to directly visit and experience these green energies first hand and with open heans. One should enter the forest with a sense of reverence and should "leave nothing but footprints ... " Katuah's Green Spirits are best felt and embraced within the old(cr) growth forests, especially within the protected areas of the region's largest preserve, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (hereafter called "the Smokies"). Detailed trail maps of the Smokies can be purchased at any of the visitor centers in the Park, or can be obtained by mail from the Great Smoky Mountain Na1urnl History Association (Grea1 Smoky Mountnins Trail Map- GSMNHA; Rt. 2, Box 572-B; Gatlinburg, TN 37738. $1.00 postpaid). More detailed trail infonnation can be ob1ained from the Sierra Club's Hiker's Guide to the Smokies (Mur!less and Stallings), available at libraries and bookstores. Day-hiking is unrestricted in the Smokies: however, you will need a free backcountry use pcnnit (available from rangers and at several self-service Backcountry Reservation Stations) for any over-night stays in the backcountry. Several of the backcountry camp~ites arc extensively used and require advanced phone reservations. My favorite places 10 eicperience the communities of forest beings have occurred along the following hiking trails in the Smokies: (I} The Gabe Mountain Trail follows the lower slopes of the main ridge crest between Cosby and Greenbrier, Tennessee. East of HenwaJJow f-nlls, the trail travels through se_veral miles of undiscurbed original forest, with _an exceptional diversity of plant and fungi species of enormous age and siz~. There is a Sunmier, 1991 beautiful backcountry campsite (#34- Sugar Cove) located in 1he middle of this forest. This trail offers easy access 10 some of the best woodlands in the Smokies. Joye~ Ki/~r M~morial Forest (2) A few miles awny by trail is the preserved Albrigh1 Grove, a small section of prehi~toric forest, named after a former director of the National Park Service. The trailhead is locared on a short side-road behind the Jellystone Park Campground on US 321 between Gatlinburg and Cosby. fn the grove one may experience the immense presence of several HUGE tulip poplars ("the Behemoths") and record-sized understory trees and ferns. These trees are friendly 10 u-ce-huggcn.. (3) A few stream drainages west of Albright Grove is the Ramsey Cascades Trail, an eight mile round trip day-hike. This tmil leads through mature forests, but with a more limited number of the exceplionally HUGE trees. This is a m<X.lerately difficult hike due to the distance and steady climb (a 1600 foot elevation gain in four miles). (4) One of my favorite trails is the Boogerman Trail in Cataloochec Valley, located off rnterstate 40 at the nonheastem end of the Park. This relatively easy. seven mile round trip trail leads the hiker through magnificent trees of record-sized hemlock, oak, hickory, and poplar trces ...rcalJy fine trees to hug! CataJoochec Valley contains several additional pockets of relatively undisturbed forest, including (along the Big Poplar Trail) the largest tulip poplars in the Park, each with a trunk diameter of six to eight feet. (5) A few trail miles west ofCataloochcc Valley is the high elevation "perched valley" of the headwater:. of Raven Fork. This is the valley of the Cherokee Indian legend of ''Yona-unatawasiti'yi'' ("where the bears wash"), a mythical purple pool where wounded bears are healed . Loc:ued adjacent to the Cherokee Indian Reservation at Cherokee, NC, the headwaters of Raven Fork nrc considered the most isolated and rugged valley in the Park. No maintained tmils lead through this area, bu1 the ridge above it can be reached by hiking the Beech Gap Trail from Roundbouom parking area, nonh of the Cherokee Trout Hatchery. At the head of this trail is the McGee Springs Campsite (#44), from which a very primitive man-way leads along Breakneck Ridge and then descends through thick rh<X.lodendron and laurel to the rushing creek. The forest around the campsite is composed of huge spruce and oak trees. A second and more frcquemly used campsite, Enloe Creek Campsite (#47), is located alongside an especially beautiful section of Raven Fork (6) Small, relatively undisturbed "pockets" of the original forest, remain along the eictreme headwaters of the many southern streams which drain down from the ridgecrest along the Tennessee and Nonh Carolina border in the Smokies. Most of these watersheds were heavily logged in the 1920-30's, but the uppermost re.1ches of these valleys contain magnificent forests. One of the more easily accessible headwaters is that of Deep Creek. This trail-head is located a1 a small parking :irea on RL 441 about a mile south of Newfound Gap in the center of the Park, TI,e trail drop:. steeply into the impressive forest with its many streams and beautiful trees. The tr.iii should be followed for at least 1wo miles. Better yet is 10 walk the four miles to the campsite at Poke Patch (#53). (7) Another exceptional woodland in the Smokies is found at the beginning of the lower section of the Gregory Bald Trail. This trailhead begins 01 1he start of the one-way Parson Branch Road, leading out of Cades Cove, TN. The two mile hike to 1he Forge Creek Campsite (#12) leads beneath an exceptional tree canopy. Continuing up to the crest of the ridge (about a 2600 foot rise in elevation), the hiker will reach the grassy Gregory Bald, another Cherokee mythical siie. "Tsisrn'yi'' ("the Rabbit place"}. Herc the ' rabbics had their townhouse, ruled by their chief Rabbit. who was as large as a deer. This open and grassy mounca.in bald is exceptionally beautiful in mid-June when the native name azaleas bloom in blinding red-to-orange colors. 1hls listing of exceptional forests in the Smokies (and 1'm not telling all my secrets!) is intended as a guide for personal pilgrimages into some of the last old growth forest remnants remaining in K.atuah Province. Go to these places. and scclc the counsel and wisdom of plant spirits there • you will gain greater respect for even the simplest Green Spirits. • / by Lee Barnes Xatuaf1 Journal pngc I 9 �- OFF THE GRID When we 1alk about hydropower we are really talking about mpping into the primary power of the eanh... gravity. Water itself has no power, it has mass. The power is due to the force'of gravity acting upon the mass of water and creating an energy flow, The energy flow represented by flowing water is naturally regenerative (as are all natural cycles}. due to the sun's input. Star energy evaporates water, allowing the wind to carry it , back to the top of the hill. Organisms have been using flowing water to help them do the things they need to do, ever since water first flowed; whether it be the micro-organism that needs it to bring food within its reach, or the person floating downstream in n hollowed-out log. Up here in my neck-of-the-woods, the Blowing Rock, people have been using the many swift and swollen streams to U11nsport themselves for, I imagine, IOOO's of years (though now we just call it spon). More recently, the people of this area took to pu11ing large wheels in the path of a stream's flow in order to change i1i. linear energy in\Q circular mQtion. At first, this 100k the shape of giant water wheels running grist and lumber mills at places like Cove Creek, Valley Crucis, and near Beech Mountain on Beech Creek Road. In fact, the Winebarger mill in Meat Camp is still operational and the giant wheel (over three stories high) that once powered the lumber mill on Beech Creek Road is sull turning, though in a different stream... The first thing you notice when you enter Edith and Ray Estes' small piece of land tucked into a holler along Howard's Creek, is that giant wheel turning slowly and inexorably like some giant fenis wheel from a perpetual fair. Along its circumference, every foot or so. is a metal slat which caplllrCs a stream of water directed to the top of the wheel from somewhere higher up the holler, making the wheel fall with ics weight over and over again. Ray, who has been active for 83 years. once used the wheel's spinning motion 10 spin a 12 kilowa11 (kw) generator. Since then he ha.~ scaled down his operation and uses a smaller wheel nexr 10 his house 10 generate electricity, but rhc big wheel still turns 10 generate memories of the pasL Ray's use of the big ol' lumber mill wheel to gcnerarc electricity, illustrates a very recent use for hydropower which mos, people associate with the term, electricity generation. By virtue of its elevation a stream contains potential energy. hs rate of flow is a measure of this potcnrial being realized. We can use these two simple truths to calcul:ue 1he potential power of any stream: P=HxQ Xnti1<1h Jou rno t pngc 20 Which says that the power (P) of a stream of water is equal to the height (Hor head) from which it is falling multiplied by the speed (Q) at which it falls. The electricians among us may recognize the similarity between this equation and the basic power relation of electricity: P= EX I where P is power in waus, E is electromotive force in volts, and I is current flow in amps. According to More Orher Homes and Garbage, the power of a stream can be expressed in waus by dividing the product of the flow in cubic feet per second and the head in feet by 0.0118. This gives the potential maximum power. How close one can get 10 that figure is a function of how efficiently one's electrical power generating system translates the linear motion of the stream to the circular motion of the generator. Before 1930, Boone got a lot of its clccuical power from a hydroplant off the Blowing Rock Ro:id on the South Fork or the New River. The dam for thtlt system still smnds. Another large hydrosys1em in the area still operates. The dam for this system which crosses the breadth of the Watauga river (ma.king it unnavigable at that point, which would not be allowed today), was originally built in 1890 out of hemlock logs, and the stored power was used to grind com and wheat. In 1905, Ben 0. Ward built a sawmill which still stands, though in a state of long disuse. In 1934 a larger dam was built and Ward began to generate electricity. He received a power franchise from the state und supplied 12 to 15 homes with electricity through a 35 kw synchronous generator. The famous flood of 1940 wiped out the plant (and just about everything else up here), and before it could be rebuilt the Rural Electrical Association (REA) moved in and divided the countryside into regions within which only one company could have a franchise. fn this area that was BREMCO (Blue Ridge Electric Membership Co-op). Now, anyone generating power for more than personal use must sell it 10 BREMCO, they cannot sell it dircclly to their neighbors. Currently, the si1e begun by Ben Ward is maintained by his son Rick. It consists of two 3-phasc induction motors, one 100 hp and the other 125. It is a 69 kw plant with a head of 16 feet forcing a flow which often exceeds 20,000 gallons per minute through the two giant vertical turbines. Mr. Ward produces 50,000 kwh per month which he sells to BREMCO at $0.03/kwh, so he makes about $1500 per month from his hydropower. Ward's system is an example of a low-head, high-flow system. This area, however, also contains a good working example of a high-head, low-flow system. It dams a small creek high arop the hill ii falls down. Water is channeled from this dam down 1680 feet of eight inch diameter drainage pipe (obtained 31 $2.08/ft from leftovers 31 the oon to the generator 168 feet below the head of the dam. A flow of 1200 gallons per minute spins a vertical pelton wheel at 300 rpm, which is geared down to spin a 18 kw 3-phasc induction motor. Like Ward's, this generator is induced by the power company, which means BREMCO supplies the power to the electromagnet within the generator. Thi~ makes 11 unnecessary for the person who is generating the power to have a lot of expensive synchronizing and voltage protection equipment. But it also means when BREMCO goes down. so do they. Not exactly off the grid. but they could be. This micro-hydro system could generate almost 13,000 kwh per month, enough to provide up to 15 normal homes (energy hogs) with electricity. The resuiction on selling power to others could possibly be circumvented by buying land cooperatively, or having all the service homes on a single piece of propeny owned by the power generator. This is the situation which exists on Ray and Edith Estes' estate. Resembling more a riverboat than a house, the Estes' home is tucked away high up in the holler alongside the stream. From there it overlooks a little community of homes and cabins which they rent at very reasonable prices. Ray built a dam across the little stream which runs by his house, and created a small pond above his house, teeming wi1h fish and a family of ducks. He channels some of the water from the pond to a srt13ll tmditional wooden waterwheel which sits right next to his house. adding even more 10 the illusion of a riverboat as it slowly spins in the stream. Its speed of six rpm's turns a giant flywheel which is attached 10 the shaft of a generator by a • leather strap. The 5 kw, l lO V generator is bolled to a workbench in the small wheelhouse Ray built next 10 the waterwheel. Currently he uses the power 10 nm his outside ligh1s, twenty to thirty I00 wan light bulbs. During the day when no lights are needed but a load is needed to prevent the DC generator from burning up, Ray uses the power to heat his hot water. Ray's got a lot of hot water. Ray's system is the best example of a low-tech system which most anyone with a little spunk could build. No exorbitantly expensive turbine, pelton wheel, or piping is required, and il's graceful. Though I think Ray's dam and resulting pond are beautiful, some people (not beavers) object to micro-hydro systems because the ·dams destroy the stream's ecology. At the developing Center for Ecological Living (CEL). which would be Katuah's newest site for investigation into self-sufficient community lifestyles, Rob Messick. curator and local genius, has devised a water delivery system which is unobtrusive to the stream. I le placed a preformed concrete culven, in which he had driven a two inch hole and a couple of small feed holes, i 010 the center of the small but powerful ~tream which flows through the CEL. A two inch nexible black plastic pipe runs out of the two inch hole 250 feet to the pond which sits beside the stream. The flow from the pipe is about 45 gallons/minute, which could be quadrupled by doubling the size of the pipe. Besides using this hydropower to fill the pond, it might be possible to generate electricity as the water enters the pond. Hopefully, we will repon more on this in future OFF Tl IE GRTD columns. Anyone interested at an in-depth look at one person's small 7 kw hydrosystem should refer to Katuah #4, the WATER issue. on page 11. If you don't have it, order a back copy. There are still a few left. If anyone out there i,; running a small h)•drosystem, send in a description and w/''ll print it in this space. ' Big wheel keep on turning ... Jim IJouser S111mm.·r, 1Q91 �"I'M YOUR PUPPET" NIIUn.l World News Service ECOTAGE The Cullasaja controve~ continues (see Na1ural World News Ser-ice Ka11wh Journal #30). At issue are plans for a A series of inc1den1s in Katuah's national forests is leading some fores1 officials and law cnforcemem agencies to suspect 1ha1 there are local activis1s commi1ting acts of "ecotage," damage to equipment that is damaging natural environments. On March 27, Leonard Cook of Cook Bro1hcrs Lumber Company in Franklin reported that spikes embedded in logs from the Paroidge Ridge timber sale near the Namahala Community in Macon County had caused over $1000 worth of damage to his sawmiU. Less than one month later T & S Hardwoods of Sylva, Nonh Carolina reported damage to logging equipment in the Avery Creek area of the Pisgah National Forest. Thomas Stanley, mill manager for the company, reported on April 5 that dirt had been added to the fuel tanks of the machines. Stanley, whose company was also the target of a spiking incident last March, does no1 believe that April's incident was nn act of ecotage: "To me, it looks more like vandalism than someone trying to make a statement." Pisgah District Ranger Art Rowe disagrees. He considers the act "environmental terrorism." The area where the equipment damage occurred is located three miles behind n locked gate, and Rowe said, "That's a long way for somebody to go back into an area just to commit casual vandalism," he said. Rowe wonders if the possible ecotage is in any way connected to an incident two weeks earlier in the North MUls River area of Henderson County, in which an un-named group of people blocked a Jogging truck for nearly three hours as it was attempting to leave a logging site. SAVING WATERSHEDS Natural Wotld News Service Two special places may possibly be slated for federal acquisition this year. Work continues to protect the Chattooga River, and two tracts arc currently available for purchase. $2.2 million is also being sought to buy 1,860 acres on the Horsepasture River. The Horsepasture is designated a Wild and Scenic River and efforts continue to guarantee permanent protection of that status. The Congressional Land and Water Conservation Fund directs a portion of government receipts from offshore oil drilling and other resource depleting activities imo land preservation. Write your Congressional representatives about malcing these important watershed acquisitions through the Land and Water Conservation Fund. Senators US Senate Washingion, DC 20S10 SAY NO TO PLUTONIUM Nawn! World News Sctvice The US government's Rocky Aats plutonium processing operations near Denver, Colorado are being shut down because of plutonium contamination to the surrounding area. Rocky Aats is looking for a home, and the government would like to move the facility either to the Pantex nuclear weapons assembly plant near Amarillo, Texas or 10 Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Presently the Rocky Flats plant reprocesses plutonium so that it can be re-used in nuclear warheads and builds plutonium •pits" which are used as a triggering method inside the warhead. Plutonium has been released into the soil, wr, and water of the plant's surrounding environment. Studies by Dr. Carl Johnson, health officer of Jefferson County, Colorado, showed that people living near the Rocky Flats plant had increased risks of childhood leukemia, brain tumors, skin cancer, and lung cancer. Moving the operation to Karuah's western slope would mean severn.l billions of dollars in construction work on new processing facilities and thousands of jobs, Summer-, 1991 Rcprcsenlntive US House of Reprcscntat.ives WashinglOl'I, DC 205 IS considerations that have the Oak Ridge city government drooling. The town has already signed an agreement - before even looking at the operation plans! - that offers the Dcpanment of Energy (DOE) 5,000 acres of free land and a guarantee of five million gallons of water per day if the agency would locate their supcrplant in Tennessee. The Rocky Flats faciliry would also bring large amounts of plutonium, one of the deadliest substances unleashed on the planet • an clement so volatile that it instantly bursts into flame on comipg into contact with oxygen; a substance so concentrated that it requires only ten pounds to make an atomic warhead. Handling plutonium results in plutonium waste that has a half-life of24,000 years and which, as it decays, creates americium. that gives off bone-penetrating radioactive gamma rays. his impossible to safely handle or pennanently contain plutonium waste, and when it seeps or vaporizes into the environment it collects in living tissue. causing degenerative disease and genetic mutation. The announcement about the Rocky Flats move was contained in a DOE repon titled 'i'hc Reconfiguration of the Nuclear Weapons Complex," which outlines plans to carry $5 million sewage treatment plant proposed by the town of Highlands in Macon County, North Carolina that would dump one-half million gallons of treated effiucm per day into tl1c Cullasaja River. The NC Department of Environmental Management (DEM), although ii was aware of the controversy and has been presented wi1h pmple evidence of the potential impacis of the proposed treatment plant, signed a permit for the facility in April, 1991 without even requiring an environmental assessment for the project. The action set off a storm of protest. Save Our Rivers, Inc., the Macon County Citizens' group organized on behalf of the Cullasaja, filed a lawsuit in civil court to require that the state prepare an environmental assessment of the treanncnt plant proposal. The US Fish and Wildlife Service. the NC Wildlife Resources Commission, and the Clean Water Fund of North Carolina all immediately made public objections to the plant. Senator Terry Sanford sent a letter to the DEM asking for an environmental assessment. Even North Carolina Attorney General Lacey Thornburg, who used to fish in the Cullasaja, sent a letter of protest stating that an environmental document should have been prepared before the pennit was issued. The DEM has turned a deaf car to the uproar. Green LiM newspaper quoted DEM Public Information Officer Debbie Crane as saying, "We haven't heard any real concems...Jt's just mass hysteria." Another DEM spokesperson, Don Fullmer, said, ~we applaud what the town of Highlands is doing." Highlands is an upscale retreat for the rich and powcnul - people who are used to getting what they want. Apparently the tentacles of their influence reach a long way all the way to Raleigh. nuclear weapons production into the 1wcnry-first century. The report offers three alternatives for future plutonium p.rocessing: move Rocky FlatS to the Pan1ex site, to Oak Ridge, or 10 close all the existing operations and move them to a different (as yet unspecified) location. The logical alternative, to shut down plutonium production entirely, is not offered as an option by the DOE. It is up to the public to bring that alternative to the the attention of the agency. There will be public hearings on the DOE report and the plans to move the Rocky Flats opera.lion this summer. Hearings for this region will be held in the Pollan! Auditorium on the campus of the Oak Ridge Associated Universities in the town of Oak Ridge on August 28 starting at 9:00 am. The Oak Ridge Environmental and Peace Alliance (OREPA) is calling on all concerned people to participate in the hearings, OREPA organizer Ralph Hutchison emphasizes the importance of the hearings for the whole region, saying, "If you can only come to Oak Ridge once in your life. come on August 28!" For more ii,formaJion on the DOE:J plans and the Rocl:y Flats move, call OREPA 01 (615) 524-4771. Xoti1oft Journal P"'JG 21 �CHEOAH SET'l LED? ~OT QUITE! BIG TOM'S LEGACY Naruru World New. Scn-i« NillW'lll World Ne,., Sena The US Forest Service (USFS) and several influential environmenml groups reached agreement March 4, 1991 on 1enns to senle an appeal of two disputed timber sales in the Cheoah Bald area, the largest unpro1ec1ed roadless area in rhe Pisgah and Nnntahala National Forests. Under the terms of the se1tlemcn1, the USFS will forego a one-half mile pennanenr road into the Cheoah area and will scale back the Wesser timber sale by dropping one cutting unit which would have required the road for access. In return, Lark Hayes of lhe Southern Environmenml Law Center agreed on behalf of The Wilderness Society, the Sierra Club, the NC Wildlife Federation, and ~e Elisha Mitchell Chapter of the Audobon Society 10 drop the coalition's appeal of the USFS timber sales. Two other appeals of the controversial timber sales had already been turned down by the U~FS. One was by timber industry lobbying groups demanding a higher timber vol~, and ~e other was filed by SoulhPAW, a regional environmental group advocaring 1ha1 the _Southern Appalachian national foresLS be designated a roadless "evolutionary preserve" for the benefit of habitat. The SouthPAW appeal was refiled again at the regional and national levels and wa.~ rejected at every stage. Apparently the USFS did not lake kindly 10 the group's suggestion that the Cheoah Bald area be returned 10 pre-RARE n conditions. This dates back to early 1983, when the Chcoah area was a 21,000 acre roadless area, under study as pan of the Roadlcss Area Review a!1d Evaluation (RARE IT) program. But later m 1ha1 year Chcoah was removed from RARE It consideration, and the Forest Service began a road-building orgy that within only a few yC3I'S reduced 1he roadless component to 7.000 acres, one-third of its previous size. SouthPAW would have the Cheoah roadless area returned 10 ils original condition. Peter Kirby of the sourheasrem regional office of The Wilderness Society hailed the apP?I senlement as a victory. "As well as halung roadbuilding into this crucial roadless area, by recognizing the importance of protecting the roadlcss resource. the agreement SCI a precedent that will be most useful in the course of the upcoming land use and management plan revisions," he said. " SouthP~W activist Rodney Webb said. For s~ch an 1m~rtan1 ~abi_tat area._the only eco_log1cally fea.~1ble pohcy LS very simple: obhterare, revegcuuc - obliterate the roads and allow them 10 be recovered by the natural vegeuuion." 'This area is just across Fontana Lake from the Great Smoky Mountains National Parle. fl is 3:11 important stepping s1one by which species can migrate from the parlc into the southern reaches of the Nnn1ahala National ForesL If we lei them, the Forest Service will chop Oicoah up and carry it away in liule pieces. We can't let that happen. We won't forsake Chcoah. Whatever it takes - a lawsuit in civil court, direct action whatever - we will defend it as long as we~ able." To cc111ac1So1111t n,w, writt to: Box J/4/; Askvillt. NC288(}2. Xatuah Journot ~ 22 Big Tom Wilson was a legendary hunter who roamed the Black Mountains during the laie 1800's. He knew those mountains and ir is said 1h01 he loved them well ' In April, 1991, Wilson family descendants gathered nnd donated a conservation easement on 1800 acres or family land that had been passed down intact since Big Tom's day. The easement does not transfer owne~hip of the property, but ensures that the propeny will never be developed. The area will hereafter be protected as the Big Tom Wilson Preserve. The event marked an important step in maintaining unbroken hnbirar in the Black Mountains, because the Wilson property makes a strategic linkage between Mount Mitchell Srate Parle 10 the east and 1he Big Butt area of the Pisgah National Forest 10 the wesr. To the south lies the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Asheville Watershed area. The easement was done under the auspices of the American Farmland Trust. a non-profit organization dedicated to protecling farmlan~ from encroaching developmen1. It was earned out at the request of the Cane River Club, which is presently administering the land for the Wilson family members. team from Atlanta that invcsug;ired the incident. "It's an ~xpcnsive joke, if that's what ii is. It's pretty s1ck..,1oi.illy uresponsible." According to 11u1hontie:,, fin11I costs of rhe hoax ran into rhe thousands of dollars. On May 8 an anonymous leuer received by the Asltevil/e Cimen-Times signed only "The Black f-1:ig'' rook responsibility for rhe hoax, saying it was "executed in hopes of illiciting (sic) p_u~l!c attention 10 the deadly 1hrea1 and poss1b1hty of nn actual toxic was1e spill," FBI Agent E.K. Miller said he would refer the lcuer 10 the FBl's agent in Charloue that specializes in environmental mauers. . The n1:tion may have been expensive, bur ~1 was not fnvolous. According to the May issue of Green Une. an independent green-oriented paper in Asheville. a survey conducted by the NC Division of Motor Vchicles from December 1990 10 February 19~ I foun~ char 22% of rhe trucks stopping at weigh srauons along 1-26 and 1-40 were carrying radioactive waste. In addition, there is a _re_ar th~t President Bush's five-year, $105 bilhon highway plan, inrended to facilitnte the shipment of defense goods, will result in a markedincrcasein1heamoun1ofhazardous and radioactive waste being transported. LET'S NOT LOSE LOST COVE Narunal World Ne"'-. Service . . . . -RADIOACTIVITY ALERT! N.tunal World New, Service Ar 5:00 nm on April 22. authorities discovered what appeared to be the af1erma1h of a hit-and-run accident near the junction of 1-26 and 1 near Asheville, NC. -40 But this was no ordinary accident. At the scene were four metnl bam:ls labelled "radioactive" and a shanered wooden pallet. it appeared ';h:11 the_ ~Is had spilled from a ITUCk hauling rad1oact1ve materials. and the Stnre Highway patrol immediately closed one lane o_f traffic and ~gan 10 call in experu from five d1ffcren1 agencies 10 look into the incident. Investigators using Geiger counters de1ennined thar the barreb did not, in fact contain any radioactive substnnces and the a~lhorities began 10 suspect thar th~ whole thing was an Eanh Day hoax 10 call ancnrion 10 the dangers of mdioactivc waste transpon. "h looks 10 be a set up." said Dora Ann Danner coordinator of a US EPA emergency rcspo~ [)(.-ep in the nonhern Pisgah National Porest lie the lands known as Lost Cove and Harper Creek. Accessible only by graveled Forest SCJVice roads, this area just south of Grandmother and Grandfather Mountains provides vital habitnt for a great number of plant and animal species. The area is also blessed with many scenic waterfalls and troll! su-eams, along with an extensive network of trails. Curcntly the land is ser aside as a Wilderness Study Area, and the US Forest Service has recommended both areas for wilderness d~ignntion. The proposed Western Nonh Carolina Wilderness Prorecrion Act of 1991 (IIR 35) would protect 13.000 acres of this land from industrial pressures. The bill passed the House or Rcpresenracives last year, but no action was taken by the Senate before adjournment, and the bill died. Cass Bnllengcr. a Republican representing the 10th Congres.~ional District, brought the bill back 10 life this January, and the proposal has broad suppon in his home disrricL In the l Ith Con.,.... · . 11 r west anothl'r 1-··:HE pRESSES, f{ep. faylo d R,-.-- SfOP 1 press, .. propose \\\ went 10. ding tus . 111a1idS t<,.atu\\\'I 1011m was resc1'.1 ,, i11 ihe J·h& •n rhe As ' ti 11ta1 he "h)'~tena , Jogging 1 aw\01ince . bill d11e ro ·s1bililY o, i(derrieS) the? pos ~· would w_ trict ob0141 ~-crtlow Creek dis rf!oW area, .• .,u'CI areas from srudy as ove •v wilderness areas. Wr,u you.r rt'prtst'ntomve cto US I/oust of Rtprtuntotil't!S, ll'o.shington, DC 20$/j. (oontinuecl on J>ll:C 2S) Summer, 1991 �Natural World News I, SPECIAL REPORT .. by Emmett Greendigger Once again, Bjorn Dahl, Lhe US Forest Service's national forests supervisor for Nonh Carolina is the focus of public outcry. This time, Lhough, it's not jus1 a passle of forest 1eformers presenting a petition, or a couple of renegade "Rescue Rangers" chaining themselves to his office door, or a group of activistS protesting ever-increasing roadbuilding and timber harvesting levels on the national fores1s. This time, Dahl is at the center of "a scandal of the first magnitude." The issue is the protection of threatened and endangered species, and this spring Dahl has attracted nationwide attention to the willful neglec1 of his agency's threatened and endangered species programs and to his disregard for good science and professional ethics. This time, Dahl has enraged environmentalistS, scientists, and 1he general public by firing bo1anist Karin Heiman and by causing the dismissal of Chuck Roe, director of Lhe Nonh Carolina Natural Heritage Program, a "(This) brings into serious question the ability of the Forest Service to assess the effects of timber management programs on federally and state-listed threatened and endangered plant species." - Chuck Roe state agency that works with other agencies and the general public to identify and protect rare plants. Heiman, the firs1 full-time botanist hired to work in Lhe Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests, was fired on March 1, af1er onJy nine months on the job and only four months after receiving a "superior" performance rating from the agency. When Roe learned of Ileiman's firing, he tried for two weeks to express his concern to Heiman's immedia1e supervisor, national forest biologist Lauren Hillman. When these effortS failed. Roe, who was very familiar with Heiman's stellar work as a field botanist surveying for threatened and endangered plant species. wrote a letter on March 14 to Bjorn Dahl expressing fear that "the dismissaJ of your staff botanist at the stnn of the 1991 field season brings into serious question the ability of the Forest Service to assess the effectS of timber management programs on federally and state-liSted threatened and endangered plant species." On March 22, Dahl wrote to Roe's boss, Dr. Philip McKnelly, Director of the NC Division of Parks and Recreation, stating that he was "di'imayed to receive the letter from (Roe) expressing so much interes1 in and thinly veiled threats over the dismissal of Karin Heiman." Even a cursory reading of Roe's leneneveals not "threats" but professkmaJ Summer-, 1991 "Just Doing Their Job" concern about the future of threatened and endangered plant species in the national forests. Despite that, Roe, who had 14 years of experience with the Natural Heritage Program, was immediately fired for "violating agency procedures" and the "chain of command." Directly, red flags went up in the environmental and scientific communities in the Southeast. At an April 2 press conference in Asheville to publicize the firings, Bill Thomas of the Sierra Club said, 'The credibility of the Forest Service has slid right down around its ankles." Mary Kelly, Coordinator of the WNC Alliance (WNCA), said that the firings had caused a "rapid, unfortunate, unnecessary, and drastic deterioration in trust and relationships" between the Forest Service and 01her agencies and groups working on forest issues. Scientis1s and aclivists had been especially pleased when, after much pressure, the Forest Service announced in June,1990 that Karin Heiman would be the agency's first full-time botanist. With the hiring of Heiman, a graduate of Warren Wilson College with several years of experience surveying the state's plant communities, the Forest Service seemed at last 10 be displaying a commitment to the state's rich botanicaJ diversity. Heiman did her work wilh diligence and competence. While surveying the Tellico-Robbinsville Federal Highway Project, she discovered two rare lichen species, Gym11oderma /ineare, an unusual Southern Appalachian endemic and candidate for federal listing, and Hydrotheria venosa, an extremely rare and unique aquatic lichen found only at a few locations in the Southern Appalachians and the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Heiman helped 10 design a management program for rare plants on Roan Mountain, and served as a liaison with other federal and state agencies that work with Lhe Forest Service to protect threatened and endangered plant species. She also perfonned surveys for rare plants on over 20 proposed timber sale projects in nine ranger districts in the mountains and on the coast Her effons did no1 stop or even seriously in1erfere with a single timber sale, and she was praised by Forest Service district personnel for her competence and cooperation. Roe, for his pan, was widely recognized for directing one of the best s1a1e-run rare plant protection programs in lhe nation. He had organized Nonh Carolina's Natural Heritage Program, which has protec1ed unique species and natural areas on 630,000 acres in the stnte and which has entered into over 300 "protection agreements" with public agencies and private and corporate landowners. Roe had acc-0mplished all this with a staff of 4 1/2 persons and a miniscule $164,000 annuaJ budget Why were Lhese two respected and committed scientists fired? The official justifications given were petty and largely undocumented. In Heiman's case, neither Dahl nor Lauren Hillman, her immediate superior, were able to substantiate any change in Heiman's performance that would account for her performance rating falling from the "fully successful" rating she received in October 1990 10 1he "negative" raring she received in February that led 10 her dismissal. 11 seems apparent that Heiman and Roe's only transgression was to carry out the jobs assigned 10 them to the best of their abilities. Unfortunately, competence in their work set them athwnn of political interests that value devastating timbering and roadbuilding operations more than the rich biologicaJ and botanical diversity of the native Appalachian habitnl. And, aJso unfonunately. these interestS control the strings that motiva1e Bjorn Dahl. The supervisor remarked once to a group of timber industry officials that during his tenure in lhe nationaJ forests of the Pacific Northwest, "we used 10 do 400 acre cleazcuts before the spoued owl," and that "it could happen here," implying that the discovery of rare and threatened species in Nonh Carolina's national forests could seriously hnmper timber operations in the state. Most observers believe that Dahl was "I am in contact with several Congressional offices who have said chat they are already aware that this is just the latest incident in what is clearly a national pattern of intimidation of Forest Service scientists. We hope and fully expect my firing to get broader attention soon." - Karin Heiman !f'll~1{~Al~~~!,~~~k't~~~~': Most observers believe that Dahl was concerned that Heiman's trained and observant eyes might discover a "spotted owl" that would slow regional timber harvesting in the Appalachians. Even the Asheville Citizen-Times, normally a mouthpiece for the region's timber industry, seemed to find the firings suspicious. "The evidence offered thus far by the Forest Service" for Heiman's firing "falls embarrassingly shon," read the newspaper's editoriaJ page on ApriJ 15, and went on to say that "there is absolutely no way Stale bureaucrats can come up with a credible excuse for firing Chuck Roe." Sad 10 say. it appears unlikely that these ttnvestie.~ of administrative justice will be righted by the agencies who committed them. Both scientists have appeaJed their dismissals within their own agencies. Forest Service Regional Forester John Alcock has requested that Heiman submit her appe& and all supporting materiaJs to him in writing. In the course of investigating Heiman's appeal, regionaJ personnel officer Rudy Caruthers traveled from Atlanta to Asheville to speak with Dahl and Hillman about the firing but did not infonn Heiman of his visit or give her any opportunity to meet with him personally. Roe, after what he felt was a "one-sided" hearing, >C.Qtuaf,. Journat J)Q(JC 23 �has decided on a second-level appeal of his case. Since the firings, outraged citizens have written hundreds of letters to legislators, agencies, and newspapers in support of Heiman and Roe. Several environmental "watchdog" groups have responded to the incident, including the Association of Forest Employees for Environmental Ethics and the Government Accountability Project, who arc working with Heiman to get a Congressional review of her tem1ination. Heiman has also spoken with several concerned federal legislators: "[ am in contact with several Congressional offices who have said that they are already aware that this is just the latest incident in what is clearly a national pauem of intimidation of Forest Service scientists," Heiman has stated. "We hope and fully expect my firing to get broader attention soon." Ultimately. however, the rrue victims of these firings are the once diverse and flourishing forest ecosystems. Without advocates like Heim:i.n and Roe, they seem doomed to be trampled into extinction. Before Heiman was hired, it was routine for the Forest Service to harvest constantly increasing amounts of timber and to build thousands of miles of roads in some of the finest forest communities on the planet without ever sUJVeying the sale areas for threatened and "We might not be doing everything we could to protect species, but we're not willfully malicious." - Bjorn Dahl endangered species. All evidence indicates that this is how Bjorn Dahl prefers it. The proposed Bee Tree timber sale is a case in point. This area, near Devil's Counhouse in nonhern Transylvania County, was proposed as a timber sale project in early 1990 by District Ranger An Rowe. In June of thnt year, the WNC Alliance and the Sierra Club appealed th.: sale. In their appeals they pointed out that the Forest Service had nm done adequate surveys for threatened and endangered plant species on the Bee Tree site, in spite of the fact thnt botanists consider the area a "high probability site" for rare species. Instead, the district had merely done a cursory search of re.cords indicating the presence or threatened and endangered :,pccics. Finding no previous listings of threatened and endangered species in the area. Rowe felt the "'ay w:l\ clear to proceed with the sale. Dahl concurred, and in October 1990 rejected the environmental groups' appeab. Unhappy with Dahl's decision, Wt-.CA and the Sierra Club c:irried their appeal to Regional Forester Alcock, who in J:inuary. 1991 decided in their favor. specifically citing the lack of a thorough survey for threatened and endangered species, 111c regional oflice ordered Dahl to conduct a site-specific survey of the area. Even after Alcock's decision, Dahl continued to maintain that he felt the records survey had been "adequate," and that there was no need for a site-specific survey. When J{{\tunf~ JounlO! pn9c U Heiman had offered to survey the Bee Tree area in June, 1990, she had been stopped by Hillman and Rowe. Then, after Alcock's decision compelled the national forests administration to make the survey, Heiman was told 10 make the survey during the month of February, 1991 - in the middle of winter when many rare plant species are impossible to locate. Heiman did anempt the survey and concluded that rare plants were likely to be found in the Bee Tree sale area. It was only days later when she received the "negative" performance evaluation that led 10 her dismissal. The survey was completed by a substitute botanist, and last month, in its Environmental Impact Statement for the Bee Tree sale, the Forest Service reported its conclusion that logging in Bee Tree would have "no significant impact" on plant and wildlife species in the area. Unfomrnatcly the Bee Tree sale is not an isolated example of Forest Service manipulations and misdeeds in the name of roads and timber. Heiman has outlined 15 other instances in which she says she was stopped from identifying and protecting rare plant species. When she reponed her findings on the Tellico-Robbinsville Federal Highway Project - which might have halted construction of that infamous "road to nowhere" - her staff officer supponed her findings, but she lost his backing when he retired shortly thereafter. While surveying a site near a proposed parking lot expansion at the Oadle of Forestry, Heiman expressed concern to District Ranger An Rowe that the construction might threaten the rare swamp pink plant. Rowe responded by saying that he felt the parking lot, not the plant, might be a better value for the American public. In defense of the Forest Service, Julie Tneciak, the agency's public relations officer, maintains the agency is "str0ngly committed 10 protecting plants and animals." She said that the agency has increased its Endangered Species program tenfold since 1985, and that there a.re 50 areas managed specifically for threatened plants and animals. She also stated the Forest Service buys land to provide habitat for threatened species, and has entered into agreements with the Plant Conservation Program and the NC Natural Heritage Program to protect rare species on the federal lands. Chuck Roe was the lia.\on between the Natural Heritage Program and the Forest Sc1vicc on the agreements th.11 Trzt.-ciak ci1cs. In the same leucr 10 Dahl i:xprcssing concern about Heiman's firing, Roe pointed out the problems his agency was having with the Forest Service: - the Forest Service had not drawn up contracts to conduct surveys of rare plants on national forest lands, although the funds had been approved since December, 1990. The delay was preventing the Natural Heritage Program from hiring botanists in time to do the surveys this growing season. - the Forest Service had not responded to nominations made two years ago for nearly a doun sites in the Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests 10 be designated "special mterest management sites." - The Foresc Service had shown no interest in a one-day infonnational rare plants seminar offered to agency personnel by the Natural Heritage Program. - the Forest Service had told Roe in the fall of 1990 that a revised list of protected, endangered, and threatened species on Forest lands "would soon be put into use by Forest Service personnel." This has yet 10 happen. When asked about these delays, Dahl replied that he was "perplexed" about them, stating that the threatened and endangered species programs are handled by Lauren Hillman's office. Hillman has refused all requests for direct interviews concerning the firings and attendant issues, but said through Tl7.Cciak that she believes "the programs are right on track." 'The credibility of the Forest Service has slid right down around its ankles." - Bill 171omas, Sierra Club Strangely, Bjorn Dahl seems 10 blame a "lack of public input" for the firings and for his agency's blatant unwillingness to establish a vigorous program of protection for rare species. "From these setbacks," he said after the firings made the news, "I hope people will join me in laying out their expectation~." And, as if the flurry of letters, phone calls, and editorials protesung the firings are not vocal evidence enough, Dahl added, "They (the public) should Jay out what they Wdnt more vocally than before. We'll gauge our actions based upon public expectations." Th:11 sounds familiar. Throughout his reign as supervisor of the Nonh Carolina national fore~ts. Dahl has promised to alter agency policies to meet "public expectations." How then b he to explain items like these? Although the puhlic has continued to ask for less timbering on national forest lands, 1991 "timber target" levels are 20% above those of the pre\·ious year. Although the public ha,; conunued to ask for less clearcutting on national fori:st lands, and while the agency states that they have reduced clearcuuing. they have merely increased the number of "selective harvest" units, which silvicultur:1lly are merely smalli:r clearcuts. Although the public. through the WNC Alliance, the Sierra Club and other activist groups, has expressed grave concern for the fotc of threatened and endangered species on (contmuod on page 30) Craphic by Ibby Kenna S11 lllt1IC1', 1991 �TIME TO TAKE THE TIME TO TAKE THE TIME There's a new world 1ryi11g 10 emerge from 1he hearts and hands ofmany...a world of economy where was1c is sold as a resource for new products - with a modern understanding thar so-calli.:d "wasres" an: not wastes unless they are wastcd...a world where efficiency is in keeping wi1h nature and heal1h ... new kind of fann...a more purposeful kind of worlc ... a different feel for our world ... a new day. People are hungry for it. industry is busy with it. But how docs it all really happen? How, when the seeming immensity of it all can so quickly boggle our minds to the point where we throw up our hands and wait for someone else to figure ou1 what to do, or hope the solutions will come packaged for sale? Business in the past looked at money profits as its main goal and let nothing stand in the way of its claim, "If we don't profit, we won't be In business." It had litrle vision of the many more useful long-1erm profi1s such as people, their lives, the food they eat, the water they drink, and the secure alternatives in learning about true wealth. And then with a small sliver of that narrow-minded cash profit, they proceeded to pa1ch up the damages that occur with this sort of obsolescent irresponsibili1y; or beat it in court. This was a the 1rcnd, bur now we are seeing businesses wirh money-making as their chief nlOrh~ Jting fon:e going out of business as thcv rhemsdves predicted. · lt all really happens as we, in our homes. and in our curs, and in our dailv business, ask ourselves, "What docs \\'Ork?'' From inside our:.elvcs this goes out and out and out 10 create the new, more real. marketplace. Environmental problems arc big, but we needn't be boggled, for as big as they :ire, they are equally as small fractioned down 10 the responsibility of each of us. The situation is then i11 our hands and no longer "out of hand." When we realize our own powerful pan by beginning. our go the fears of what wasn't working anyway. The answers then srart to come with all the questions. When we're acrually doing what we can do. the very feeling empowers us and will soon replace an old world built on false economy, and the aging, tired concept of wealth thnt we know, and bring newness • new forms of "profit." From here we can begin to get on with more of the real things. bylvo / (NWN - continued from p. 22) BUSINESSES AGAINST CLEARCUTS N4ruraJ Wo.-ld News Sttvicc On May 15, 1991 the Westem North Carolina Alliance (WNCA) presented the results of its second anti-clearcutting campaign to US Forest Service Supervisor Bjorn Dahl. This new campaign gathered suppon from area businesses and resulted in the collection of 930 names - a fnr greater response than was expected - on a petition that called for an end to clearcutting in the national forests. WNCA targeted the tourism and recreation industry, but a much broader cross-section of businesses, including banks, pharmacies, florists, and grocery stores, from 21 counties in western North Carolina chose 10 get involved. The Southern Appalachian Multiple Use Council, a timber industry lobby group, attempted to manipulate the public by soliciting signatures on a pro-logging petition that was almost identical to the WNCA petition in its fonnat. After complaints about this deceptive tactic, the WNCA staff publicly accused the Multiple Use Council of trying to "muddy the issue and confuse people." Upon receiving the petitions, Mr. Dahl stated that he was "impressed" by the number of signatories, and assured WNCA members and participating businesspeople 1ha1 1he Forest Service would be responsive 10 the public will. Dahl said that, "[n response 10 public wishes, we last year amended the Forest Plan to Summa-, 1991 climina1c clearcutting as the preferred aJ1cmative. The issue of clean::utting is essentially behind us." WNCA staff person Mary Kelly strongly disagreed with this statement. as did others present. She said that the supposed reductions in clearcutting (from 87% to 48% of the harvest over the past two years, according to Dahl) merely reflected use of smaller, less obvious clearcuts, not true selective culling. Kelly stated that some forest expens believe that the allowable sale quantity in our National Forests is twice as high as it should be, and noted that "the Forest Service has historically treated the timber industry as the only industry to consider We're asking them to look at the big picture." Drawings b)' Rob Mcuick ROAD HOGS FIT TO BE TIED Na11aral World News Service There arc three departments of the North Carolina state government that are prcsen1ly not required to announce and hold public hearings before setting poJicy: the Depanment of Correction, the Department of Revenue, and the Department of Transportation (0011. Of these three, the Dcpanments of Correction and Revenue hold fairly specialized responsibilities. The Department ofTransponation every months makes decisions rhat involve millions of dollars of public funds and have imponant implications for the future of every town and county in the state. It is a testament to the great political power of the DOT that the agency still operates only under the advisement of the Board of Transportation, a wcalrhy and influential elite who receive their appointments - a true patronage plum - directly from the hand of the governor in exchange for "seivices rendered." Yet now when Senator Joe Johnson (D-Wake) introduces a bill to require the DOT to conform to public heanng guidelines followed by all the other State agencies, rhc howling and crying is tremendous. ''It's going to cost too much." ··1t·s going 10 be too much trouble." complain the road hogs. The "sacred pigs" will no1 easily or gracefully give up their places at the public trough. Your state legislators need 10 hear your opinions on the bill requiring the DOT to hold public hearings. Xatuafl Journnt JXUJC 25 �DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH To the Editors of the Kattiah Journal, In the otherwise fine article by Thomas Power, "Avoiding the Passive/Helpless Approach to Economic Development" in the Spring, 1991 issue, he mnkes a very erroneous assumption when he suggests, "Jf we are interested in attracting more people, ..." That assumption is the same one that the powers-that-be ascribe to so wholeheanedly: that we have to grow in order to have a healthy regional economy. If Tcaught the gist of the Summer, 1990 "Canying Capncity" issue of the Kau«Jh Journal correctly, then we already are burdened by too many people in the southern mountnins. We do not need to expand, we need to shrink the number of people living here. Beyond a certnin point, numbers or people and the "forested mountains and the environmental quality" Power speaks of are antithetical to each other. We preserve wild habitat for the sake of wild habitat and the wild animals that live in it, not 10 attract more people. These points were minor revelations to me when I read them in the Kamalt Journal. Don't back out on them now! Sincerely, Hoyt Wilhelm N. Wilkesboro, NC Dear Kalllali Journal Friends, l am just writing to tell you how much l have enjoyed reading several issues or your journal that a friend lent me to read. I appreciate your deeply considered opinions and the viewpoint they come from. I consider myself to be somewhat perceptive, and in most Statements that are called "environmental" these days, I can see that the spokespeople are representing some interests besides the environment, whether it be their own career, their own profit, or some philosophical or political ideology. Most of what I read in the Katualr Journal seems to come suaight from the hean, and that makes a difference. There are not many publications that would have the courage to speak out about t.he ''carrying capacity" for human beings or propose that aU the national forest lands in the Southern Appnlachians should be an "evolutionary preserve." 1 have to admit that these ideas were a little shocking 10 me at first, but on reflection r could see that that they are just what is needed in this "bioregion." Now it seems so obvious. I see to what a great extent we are conditioned by the business assumptions that motivate this country. when what is just common sense can seem so unsettling. I wonder what is going 10 happen to this country, and I wonder what is going to happen Xntuaft Journot p119c 26 to Kat1wl, Journal Please continue to say what needs 10 be said (even if it is a little shocking sometimes!) and maybe we will see some1hing change. I am always hoping for the best. Yours truly, Katherine Albright Knoxville, TN TLANUWA Ho. Tlanuwa, Spirit-falcon, Your mighty wings Blot out the sun. Pear strikes all who See you flying Fawn and bear cub, Man-child, too. Carried struggling To your nest si1e, On the cliffs they Feed your ne~tlings. Came a shaman Then to thwan you; Cast your nestlings To the water. There Uktenn, Great homed serpent, Swallowed down your Precious offspring. Great your sorrow, Great your anger. Vengeance wrought you On Uktena. Chunks you pulled our or the serpent, Let them fall down From the heavens. There upon the Eanh his body, Tom and broken Soon did lie. From your empty Nest you fled then; Leaving an Unshadowed sky. Your depanurc Saved our young, but Awe and wonder Left us, 100. Perhaps too high a Price was paid, and Wonder's presence Worth some risk. Ho. Tlanuwa, Spirit-falcon, My heart yearns For your return. - Douglas A. Rossman To the Editor, Back in April some political pranksters threw barrels marked "radioactive waste" by the side of 1-26 where it joins I-40 near Asheville, NC. This caused a big sensation among the officials who flocked to the scene. r read in the Asheville Citizen that one woman from the EPA called it "totally irre!iponsible" and "a sick joke." The S Bl had fun telling the paper all lhe terrible things they would do to the.tricksters if they could catch them. I thought that it was totally responsible to do this. Trucks carrying radioactive waste ~ drive through that intersection. A lot of people don't even know this; a lot of other people do know this, but they choose to ignore it People need to be woken up to what is really happening around here, and somebody found a good way todoit. What is totally irresponsible is for the EPA to grant permits for trucks to cany barrels of real radioactive waste along the highways. lf some barrels of real waste fell off one of these trucks, there would be trouble and danger for Asheville. When I saw how indignant the EPA lady got about somebody's trick, I laughed and laughed at how backward it all was. But it was a sick joke. Sincerely, Etta Bennett Cullowhee, NC (P.S. • I wroie a leuet lO the Ashevil/t Citizen about this. bu1 r don't think they ever printed iL ~l's why I wrote IQ you.) Dear Katuah, Recently, while visiting my sister in Knoxville, I was handed a copy ofKatuah Journal, summer 1989. I must say it was highly inspirational reading. I applaud your work for peace, justice, and ecological harmony in the Katuah Bioregion. Sincerely, Michael Sosadeeter Dear Katua/1, Your Journal is so valuable - and important. I'll be sending more suppon later. Thanks for leading the way. May the Crow Moon bring you growth, green, and peace in these dark times. Sincerely, John King Drawing by Rob Mfflic-. Su mtt1CT , 1991 �Dear Katuah, You are a real friend! Thank you very much for sending me lha1 back issue (on the Chestnut) lha1 I wanted, but even more for the current issue, wilh itS wonderful article on my old friend Mr. Bailey of Clarksville. When I was assigned 10 the 12th Armored Division in 1942, a newly married first lieu1enant in field artillery, I opened an account in Mr. Bailey's bank and immediately became his friend, as ev<:ryone_did: Your story 1ell~ i1 very truly; he believed m his own surroundings and did all he ~ould 10 improve the lot of his people. His influence was very grea4 and I think Mr. Bailey was wrong in thinking that industry never accepted his ideas. l also think Griscom Morgan is wholly wrong in his disparagement of savings, but that is another story. I enclose a Case Statement for the American Chestnut Foundation (P. 0. Box 6057, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506). I think you will find it interesting and encouraging. I am doing all I can 10 raise the additionaJ funding they desperately need, first from private foundations, because 1hat is 1he bes1 chance for early resulis. Later I want 10 identify and approach large landowners in 1he Appalachian region, and especially people with o family history of giving and the means to make those gifts in substantial amounts... When I was growing up the chestnut was still the dominant iree in our forests. I remember it vividly, and recall the distress which everyone felt so keenly as the onslaught of the blight iook those great trees from us. l am fully convinced we will restore the ll'Ce, and after you read our case statement you will understand why. Young men plant flowers; old men, trees. Sincerely yours, WilHam G. Raoul Lookout Mountain, TN Greetings Kaiuah Journal Folk, Thank you for your continued 1ime and effons in pulling together Kaul ah Journal. l just ~anled 10 let you know how much reading the Journal means to me, and the suppon ii offers in living in a "mixed community" with its incessant bombardment of media propaganda extolling the industrial growth society. Even when the in~i?i~us e~fe_cts ofT.V. are personally m1nirruz.ed II is too oflen necessary to live and work with friends, family and associates whose mind and (sadly} values are shaped by 1.O.S. media. Sometimes 1his "reality" seems overwhelming. It is al such a time that a friend like Karuah Journal (and perhaps some wilderness) helps to restore my connection to a "d~per renlity" and community of Jjving bemgs. The real work you are doing is very much appreciated. For All Things Wild, Ed Lytwak I I Sumincr, 1991 Dear Brother & Sister Editors, I have written a prayer that I hope is wonhy to be printed in your paper. I have been disabled for almost six years as rhe result of a back injury. I have been diagnosed as clinically depressed. Many people think I am crazy. Some think I am a lunatic. This could be true but since I became homeless a dear old fri;nd, Danny Jesse, moved me into his old farm house because I had nowhere to go, and I was penniless. The old house has no electricity, and the water is from a spigo1 in the yard. Another dear friend, Charlie Dunaway inuoduced me to Karuah Journal (summer 1990 issue) and 1realized there are s1ill some "real" people left who really care about our Creator, our Mother Earth, and each other. Since l have been here (approximately 6 months) I have developed a close relationship with my Creator. Had it not been for my Creator sending my friend to rescue me I would surely have committed suicide. However, here I am very much alive and would like to share my prayer with you. 0 Great Spirit open my eyes that I will see you in each of your creations 0 Great Spirit open my ears tha1 I will hear your voice in the words of my brothers and the sounds of the Eanh 0 Great Spirit open my heart that your good will flow through me 0 Great Spirit give me knowledge that I will be one with you 0 Great Spirit give me wisdom that I may teach my sons of your love and to love our Mother Eanh 0 Great Spirit be merciful to my brothers who in their greed have scarred my Mother's flesh who have poisoned her flesh and her blood who have polluted her skies who have hate in their heans 0 Great Spirit give me the coumge when death comes so I will welcome ii with the realization that life comes with death as death comes with life. Sincerely, RogcrOark I rhoio by Rob Mcoid< Sometimes Tears Are Not Enough We sang for peace. Woke up this morning to find they are still making bombs. We acted for peace. How, I said, and why? What about our planet? Whal aboul the children? We wor1<ed for peace, even as those surrounding us filled lheir yards and minds with patriotic slogans, waved their flags, called war "just" ·successful" "deserved" Woke up this evening 10 find !hough we sing,act,cry, or even protest they are making bombs now. Singing peace woke 10 lind our songs aren1 enough acting peace how?where? why do we live In such madness? shouting peace as hundreds of thousands or innocent human beings die at Hie hands of our ·smart· precision bombs, hands of boys trained and distanced by video games crying peace woke in the dawn wilh tears on our cheeks from war filled nightmares tears on our cheeks knowing there are those lor whom this war is more lhan a media event or a palriotlc slogan dreaming of singing peace acling peace dancingshou1lngtovingbelieving 11\Jstingtrying peace... concrete dreams cl\Jni>ling to TNT, plutonium, machine guns... they are making bombs now. A child is crying for what she can·t be giving I say, child, stop your c,ying. Gather up your strength for living because somewhere children are dying. Our tears are not enough to chase away the pa,n we cannot understand why war seems to never cease. Yet even as the sun shines bnlhant through the ram we know that through the dar1<ness we must st,U wor1< for peace. (continued on nclll page) �(Cfflllnutd {rQln pogo 27) Dear Ka1uah, I miss you in my life! Please re-subscribe me. I've moved 10 the city and am surviving well on one of the few din roads left in Tallahassee. Bard owls (a couple) are mating now. I wake at night to hear lhcm and it's like manna from heaven. I know the trout lilies are blooming back in Sycamore, and just knowing they're there is not enough. Every day I consider returning 10 lhe country, but life is so much easier here with electricity, running water, and acceptable child care. Still I grieve the losses. Thnnks, Janeice Ray Dear Karual,. I've been thinking lately about what is imponant to me. A few things come out strongly: people I love, doing something I can put my soul into, and encouraging a more ideal world by supporting things I believe in like; • the local baker • organic fanning • and publications that communicate what is important 10 me. I don't live in Ka11111h, but I like feeling pan of the soul 1ha1 is in this journal. I want you 10 know that ideas from the Kaniah Journal have helped me shape my life philosophy and will influence the way I live and impact the world. Thank you for your dedication and work. May you be blessed with strength and pel!Ce. Dan Shoug Bean Goose Farm Dear Kania Ii Staff, I was exin:mcly excited to read issue #30 of the Kan!ah Journal. This was my first contact ru,d I om impressed with the anicles and the overall JayouL The "economy" anicle was eitcellem. I hnve included a check for 3 back issues, plus T wish 10 be a ~ponsor. Thanks, Todd Rohlsson From lhc Floyd ERC Ncw,lcuer (continued Imm page 4) practices in their families. The dowsers' "golden opponunity" came during the eastern gold rush of 1828-29 that centered on Dahlonega, Georgia. It offered great reward for those who could sense the presence of underground veins, but it also brought on the inevitable swindling and che:iting that accompanies the lure of sudden riches. Sharon Johnson of the Gold Museum in Dahlonega said, ''There are people who believe today that they can find gold dowsing with certain rypes of stainless steel rods, and I'm sure that there were people like that back during the gold rush years. '&hey also had what they called 'gold-finders.' These were instruments sold 10 people who were prospecting. I've seen at least two of these, one that dated back to about 1890 and another came from the 1920's. One was no more than a wooden rod which was filled with gold, iron pyrite, and black -;and. It had a compass-like instrument in 1he center. The metal gold-finder was a long tube, prob:ibly made 0111 of aluminum. and I think that came also with a liulc vial of gold." Dowsers do 001 think that theirs is an eicclusive gift. They generally agree that, like intelligence or any statistical curve, there arc tho.SC: eicceptionally sensitive to the psychic energies, many people mildly sensitive, and those who do not perceive that level of existence at all. Walter Dale says, "To learn how to do it, you can get some ideas from a book, but the very best thing to do is 10 have a dowser who is really familiar with the method to show you. Anybody can do it, but you have 10 really want 10 do iL" But he does offer this idea as a way for beginners 10 familiariz.e themselves with the process: "Get yourself a five inch piece of Xcatuaf1 )oun \Q( POlJC 28 saing and tie on a metal nut (used to screw onto a bolt) that is about the size of a nickel. This will make a simple pendulum. "Practice with it by looking at it and saying, 'Give men yes.' ft may lllke several a11emp1s, but you should be able 10 get the pendulum to move consistently in a cenain way. Then ask the pendulum for a no, and after awhile you should be able 10 establish a definite motion for that answer. "Once you get the communication paucm going, relax and know that you can do it. It all comes with practice.~ For additional mfonnauon on dowsing nnd help for those who wi~h IO gci stancd: American Society of DowSCl'I - A~luc;hi.111 Ch;iplCf Bob Barnwell Rd. 137 Fletcher, NC (704) 628-2456 / -;_· The mountains are slow moving waves of rock and gravel trees and microbes on which we all festively ride, meeting old friends from other eras that stir anew notions of supplanting the demise of our kind ... RM Summer, 1991 �Whole Science One need not tum only co metaphysical explanations in working toward an undeTStanding of how some perplexing phenomena occur in Lhe Universe. There is emerging a sound Ecology of Lhe Cosmos which is based on repeamble experience. recorded measurements, and an acknowledgment of the role of human consciousness in interpreting the work of science. The scientists who are now working through more comprehensive means of collecting information, and creating theories that reflect Lhis new infonnation, are finding that the physical Universe is far more complex and inter-related than previously Lhought. Some of these new ideas in science go by the names of Quantum Theory, Dynamic Whole Systems approaches, Chaos, and Gaia Theory. These ideas have in common a break with classical scientific principles which regarded the Universe, and all its constituent pans, as a pre-determined machine which is running down in a clear sequence of events. When Lhe Universe is recognized as being more dynamic and self-organizing, through its many diverse scopes of whole systems and environments, a different picture can be drawn of the regenerative patterns of energy and form that surround us. In Lhe discipline of physics, Quantum Theory has shown that what we as human beings experience as "normal'' is not the same as what other whole systems at other scales of being would consider to be "nonnal." For instance, at Lhe scale of an atom the instruments used to detect an electron's speed or position as it moves around the atom's nucleus interfere drastically with the electrons motions and potenuals. LI becomes impossible to separate the experimenter from the experiment at this scale, since the two are so intimately involved with each other. In addition to this an electron's position can be determined, and its momentum can be determined, but the 1wo can no1 be de1ennined together. Electrons fliner like clouds around atomic nuclei, and Lhe best we can do is find the potemial of either what phase they are in or where they will be in this entangled environment. In the Life Sciences it has been found that all life, in its amazing diversity, is composed of the same types of chemical elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nirrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur. These and the other kinds of atoms found on the Eanh came together when the planet began m accme in the interstellar medium. It is very likely 1ha1 the atoms we are composed of were strewn from an exploding star, more massive than the sun, which influenced the formation of the Solar System. There are only 20 different fonns of amino acids, which are the basis of all the different strands of protein essential to all life on Eanh. Every living organism came from previous life, which in turn has a common ancestry 1h01 reaches back at least 3 l(l billion years. For much of this history microbes were the major fonn of life. lndependant microbes formed alliances and antagonisms which evenrually became the composite cells found in plants and animals today. Building on past successes, through this kind of mutual advantaging, a strong relationship also developed between living systems and the magma, rock. soils, waters, atmosphere, and magnetosphere of the Earth. These dense-to-gaseous fluid mediums arc cycling physical energy, much as other plnnatary systems do; only for this planet there existed the po1ential for active participation in these cycles by Life. This is a dramatic difference, because the range of circumstances necessary for life 10 emerge on a planet of sufficient endowment and proximity is limited and very unique. 0..wmg by Rob Messick II IIll II III II IIIIIIII II II II II IIIII II1111111111111111111111111111111111111 11 III IIIIIIII llllllllllll11111111111 II IIIIIIII IIIIIIINllllll111111111'I, IlII1111111111111111111 II IIIII III IIIlIIIIII IIIIII IIIIRlllllllll Ill III II Ill IIIII II llllllllllllllll 111111111111 I111111111 llllltllllll TUNING IN There are a number of practices that one can do to increase the intuitive ability as it pertains to the Earth. The exercises which have worked best for me arc adaptations of yoga and techniques from psychic healing. Nearly all meditation techniques translate very well into learning Earth attuncment My inner guidance has been to remain flexible by borrowing from many disciplines and then adapting the techniques wbicb fit into my life in a natural manner. The big revelation for me came in a yoga class when T learned that there are minor chakrns on the feet. 1 suspect that the yogis can stand transfixed in a difficult position, such as on one leg, for hours at a time because they have learned how 10 ground themselves so thoroughly that they are temporarily auached to the Banh through the chakms in the feet. The importance of Lhe feet is somelhing that has been ignored in western civilization. In the Mideast, where lhe feet are ritually wai.hed and perfumed with oils, they are considered sacred. and recognized as one's most vital connection to the planet. One can learn to dispel tired energy through the soles of the feet, and ask the Earth to replenish that energy. Yoga is excellent practice for this. So is T'ai Chi or any of the martial arts, so long as the emphasis is on grounding and balance. Walking meditation, as in Zen Buddhist practice, in which one is very aware of body rhythms, is an excellent way 10 walk through S\1mmcr, 1901 the woods in a state of heightened awareness. I have found that if I can match my stride in a conscious way to the panicular terrain, I usually break through 10 a quietness in which I am aware of my rhythms blending in with the larger, greater rhythms of life around me. This is also a good way 10 become aware of the variations in the lay of the land. Since I live in town these days, I have limited access to wild areas. Still, it is possible to grow in sensitivity if one is willing to make daily connections to the Eanh from a conscious, aware state. l recommend bringing home small momentoes from places Lhat have special meaning. This keeps the memory alive and helps make emotional connections to one's personal sacred places. I routinely bring home pieces of gnarled wood, shells, or small rocks. Do not take large rocks without pennission or rocks that are part of a fairy ring. Usually there is something · a feather, a rock - that stands out, and that is what I take as a gif1. And J always give thanks. ln my house, the kitchen window sill is a great place for an altar, because I can • automatically look at my nature gifts every day when l wash dishes. But the most important practice of all is to get outdoors every day in a conscious way. Usually the only time I can do this and know I wilJ not be interrupted is when the supper dishes arc done or when l am ready to close up the house for the night. l step outside in my backyard, and I let down my guard and open up as totally as possible to whatever is happening at that moment. The Earth is always ready to respond 10 us. However, nothing "happens," to me at least. until I have quieted my mind. When my mind stops its chatter, then my senses literally become more acute. I can hear birds, insects, and 1he rustle of leaves more intensely and with greater detail than I was able to do only a few minutes before. When I do reach that point of the quietness within, there is always something amazingly beautiful and striking Lhat leaps out at me. It may be Lhe full moom peeking out from behind silver clouds, or the sudden wafting of the fragrance of whatever flower is in bloom. Sometimes my holly tree becomes suddenly vibrant and animated. It is a championship holly, and I am sure that a powerful nature spirit lives there. Along with this sudden insight into the beauty of nature, there is always a caressing breeze. I call it caressing, not only because of iLS gentleness, but because it does not appear to come from a specific direction, and it never seems to be thcre until I reach a certain open state of consciousness. I always wait for this moment, because I t:lke it as a re.o;pon~e. a confirmation from the Earth he~lf. How much time does it take out of a busy day to perform this simple ritual? Maybe five minutes. The payoff in tenns of lifted spirits is tremendous. - Charlotte Homsher X.Ot.wlh Journal pogc 29 �(FUUNGS-cool.inucd from pegc 24) REVIEW national forest lands, Dahl responded that the records search on the Bee Tree site was an 'adequate' survey for threatened and endangered plant species and then ordered a survey when the ground was covered with snow. The clear and unfortunate conclusion one must draw from all of this is that the "public'' Dahl listens to moSt closely is the timber industry. LIGHT IN THE WIND chanrs and circle son-gs by Bob Avery-Grubel (available from Bob Avery-Grubel; RL l ,Box 73S: Floyd, VA 24091) Bob Avery-Grubel is a founder and mainstay of The Celebration Singers of a closely-knit community of families inhabiting Floyd County, Virginia. The group sings up-beat, positive, spiritual music, all of which is original, much of it contributed by Bob Avery-Grubel. The songs on l,iglu in the Wind arc typical of I.he Celebration Singers: rhythmic and unifying numbers meant for group singing at evening circle, in the sweat lodge, or at holiday gatherings. The credit sheet says that the music is "dedicated to those moments when we let go into uplifting song and come closer to the truth of who we are," and surely this is so. The songs are simple, as chants and community songs should be, yet they are filling and satisfying. However, the songs leave the listener with a persistent feeling that they are more fun to sing than 10 listen to - and they are! (proven fact) The words are easily learned, but for those in doubt a lyric sheet is available for $1.00. Bob Avery-Grubel's productions are home-made craft pieces. Ught in the Wind was recorded at Bohemian Studios, which are housed in an angular building on a wind-swept farm seven miles from the closest town. The tape was engineered and mixed by Avery-Grubel and A'Coun Bason (who also plays penny whistle and catchy percussion on several differem hand drums). Light in the Wind: a valuable community resource. For tho.-.e who want more. Avery-Orubcl also offers the benefit of his musical and community experiem:e in "Breakthrough Singing" workshops: "a lime and space IO experience healing through song and voice." For information, write h1m at the address above. -MT THE TOE VALLEY CENTER The Toe Valley Ccmer is being established as a non-profit community resource organization to promote and encourage ideas for better living in the three-county area of the Toe River Valley. The Center will: • act as an education and infonnation source for the valley • develop educational programs • initiate meetings and seminars on issues of importance • distribute pamphlets, fact sheecs, and other information • promote I.he vision of a positive future in the Toe River Valley. For information, write or call: Richard Kennedy: 849 JlalUlah Branch Road; Burnsville, NC 28714 (704) 675-52S6. ACUPUNCTURE~ AFFORDABLE ! We otter a sliding scale to get you through hard times In good health! Shortly after she was hired by the Forest Service, Karin Heiman made a statement that. in retrospect, turned out to be eerily prophetic. "What makes my job so challenging," she said, "is the fact that I must strive to find a balance between I.he environmentalists and the timber industry, who both have huge stakes in the decision to harvest or not 10 harvest. And my reports influence that decision." By all accounts, Heiman - and Chuck Roe as well - met that challenge and found that balance. Unfortunately, in the eyes of her employers an honest and thorough naturalist without a political 8.l<e 10 grind is viewed as an obstacle to timber sales rather than as a concerned and commiued scientist dedicated to doing what is best for the forest community. How "vocal" must the public be for I.he the Forest Service to recognize I.hat most people believe that the incredible biological richness they contain is the most valuable "resource" of Southern Appalachia's national foresis? Dahl has recently said, "I'd be the lirst one, if we had an endangered species, to do somclhing about it. I'm not om 10 violate the Endangered Species AcL We might not be doing everylhing we could to protect species, but we're not willfully malicious." Two fired scientists, an enraged public, and we may never know how many rare species would beg to differ. Also Chi Kung (like Tai Chi) every Wednesday 6-7 p.m. at JewtSh Commumly Center. Call to regisler. Ellen Hines, M.Ac., Dipl.Ac. (NCCA) Tradilional C hineSt Acupuncture & Htrbology c:.i.rom... l&.w,.s......... s . - - ~ (704) 2S2-7491 rl :Thu ~ Sanr!J Mush HerbNurse7 WHOLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANIC PRODUCE WREATHS • POTPOURRI • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more than 800 plants from 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm Aloe to Yarrow A.I.A. , Resource Information Analysis Neil Thomas and Andy Feinstein 305 Westover, Asheville, NC (704) 252-6816 Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 28748 Phone for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 ~umnlci, 199 1 �CHESlNlIT GRAFTING PROJECT by David McGrew SilviculturalisL, French Broad Ranger Districl. USFS Sarurday, April 27, one small step was 1aken toward nmoration of the American chestnut tree to the Southern Appalachian forest. A chestnut grafting workshop was held on lands m.1naged by the French Broad Ranger District of the US Forest Service (USFS) for the purpose of grafting blight-resistant twigs derived from native chestnut trees omo wild chestnut rootstock. The workshop was joir..:y sponsored by the USFS and the American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation, and served as a uaining session for private cooperators 10 team the grafting technique. The workshop group went 10 a grafting site on a nine acre clearcut in the French Broad District Lhat hod been prepared by the forestry class at Haywood Community College. John Elkins of the American Ches1nu1 Cooperators' Foundation gave the group a brief overview of the breeding and grafting work being done by the foundation and then demonstrated the grafting technique. Each member of the group had a chance 10 perform the grafting operation. and 20 twigs of the blight-resistant American chestnut stock were grafled by the end of the day. At the end of the workshop, all of the private cooperators received 1wig material for grafting in their home areas. Elkins stressed that the twig material was not from trees that were immume to chestnut blight infection but from trees that were better able to resist the infection. He said that a 20-50% survival rate for the grafted twigs is expected, but that a 10% survival rate would be acceptable. A virus disease of the blight fungus, called hypovirulcnce, will be imponant 10 the survival of the gr.tfted trees. "Hypovirulence weakens the blight, just as the nu or a cold will weaken people." said foundation president Gary Griffin. "Chesrnut blight nonnally damages the growing tissues just under the bark, so that Lhe tree can't pass water or nutrients up or down the stem. If enough of the living tissue is damaged, the tree is girdled and it dies. Blight weakened by hypovirulence, however, cannot damage the living tissue under the bark, so the chestnut tree isn't killed, even when heavily infected by blighL" Union Acres An Alternative - i - Acreage for Salt - Smoky Mountain Living with a focus on spirit1111l and ecological values For more information: Contact C. Grant at Route 1. Box 61/ Whittier, NC 28789 (704) 497-4964 Programs to &ncolXoge self and Earth oworEIOeliS. celebration. kinship and nope. • Youlh Camps• School Programs • Farruly Camps• Teacher TniinlOQ • Commut'II)' Programs • Camp Slaff Tre11ing • Outdoot Progrem Consult.ig P.O Box 1306 Gomnt>ug. Tennessee 3n38 615-436-6203 NATURAL MARKET WHOLE FOODS • BULK FOODS• VITAMINES • IIEROS • FAT FREE FOODS • TAKE OUT FOODS• SNACKS• NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL According to Elk.ins, blight infection cannot spread as fast on twigs that are genetically resistant to the blight as it can on non-resistant rree$. The hope is that the resistant trees will hold off the blight long enough that the fungus will become infected with the virus disease. Griffin explored the graft.ing site during the workshop, and he found five chestnut trees that had blight infection sites that had been modified by hypovirulence, including one tree where all infection sites were modified. 'These trees give us real hope that this grafting site will be successful in producing large chestnut trees," said Griffin. The French Broad Ranger District will monitor this sile over the next year 10 determine 1he success of the grafting project. The USPS will manage an area of three to four acres around the experiment solely for chestnut, first by maintaining the best growth possible on the surviving gr.tfts, and second, by cutting down all the saplings in the area except naturally-sprouting chestnut saplings. It is a gamble to try these techniques, but it is well wonh the attempt considering how valuable the chestnuts were to these mountain forestS. For more information or lO volWttter l~/p to the American Chtstnut CooptrtJlors· Foundation. write: Lucille Griffin; American Chestmll Cooptra/Ors' Foundaiion; 2667 ForesJ Suviu Road 708; Newport, Va 24128. 265-2700 823 Siow,ng Rock Rd Boone, NC 28607 Shhh. Listen ... ~ by Rob W..essiclt NATIVE FLUTES Two s1yles made of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm RI 1, Box 172-l Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562·3073 Get a set of IO assorted folding cards with artwork you see in Katuah Journal. (Envelopes included.) Send $11.25 postage paid 1 Summer-, 1991 to: RM DESIGNS P.O. BOX 2601 BOONE, NC 28607 Ill l l . ec. 2.)C 11a•oo- NC211139 !7041 $30135 speaking fQr.Jhe earth. �evenrs JULY JUNE 14-23 CIT ICO CREEK, TN Katuah Rainbow Family Galhering Summer Solstice Galhering." ...for the purposes of Peace and Healing, in honor of the Summer Solstice" on Citico Creek in the Cherokee National Foresl, TN. Directions are recorded on lhe Light-Line (404) 662-6112, from NC (704) 563-9218. HO!, Newslet1er of the Kauiah Rainbow Family; Box 5455; Atlanta, GA 30307. • 21-23 ROAN MOUNTArN Summer Solstice and Ent111 energies workshop with Joyce Holbrook. SIOO. Pre-register: Box 109S; Burnsville. NC 28714. 22 SUMMER SOL'-TICE 22-23 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Wild Mammal~ or the Smokies" field =-ch with Dr. M1 ch.1el Pelton. Hlllld.W>n study or black bear, deer, b3t, and woodchuck populill.ions in the Pork. For information on this and olher field course:.. coniact: Smoky Mounuain F'icld School; c/o Dr. Gayle D. Cooper; Univc:sity ofTcnne=: 600 Henley St. (Suite IOS); Knoxville, TN 37902 (800) 284-8885. BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC "Why Old Women Don't Get the Blucs" with Alice Girard 31 McDibbs. I I9 Cherry SL For info on this gig and summer schedule, call (704) 1A 9-11 AS HEVILLE, NC Broom-making workshop with Carlson Tuulc. For info on this and olher workshops. conlJlCl the Folk Art Center, Box 9545; Asheville, NC 2881.5 (704)298-m8. 11-12 WESSER, NC 669-2456. 1A-27 CREA T SMOKIES PARK ''Family Ounp" - activities for fomilies with children ages 6-12. Nature exploration, slOrytelling. Appalachirul music. hiking, and swimmmg. For info on this and other prognuns, conU1Cc Great Smoky Mountains lnsti1u1c at Tremont; T0Wll5Clld, TN 37882 (615) 448-6700. National Whilewater Championships on the Namahala River, including slalom and wildwater race:;. Nantahala Outdoor Center; 41 US Hwy. 19 West; Bryson City, NC 287 13 (704) 488-2175. LINVI LLE,NC 36111 Annual Grandfather MoUJ1tnin Highland Games and Gathering of the Scouc.h Clan~. Papmtry, pipe bandi:, sheep herding. Scoui,h athletic cvcntS, ccUidh. For info: Highland Game.~; Box 356; Brumer Elle, NC 28604 (704) 898-5286. 11-14 24-27 CULLOWll EE, NC "Landscnping with Native Plants" conference. Lectures, workshops, and field trips led by a host of experts, including Dan Pit1illo, Roben Zahner, George Ellison, and others. $45 + room and board. Pre-conference field trips, 7(21+, are optional and cost extra. For information. call Dr. Jim Horton, (704) 227-7244. 25..S/4 13 ASII FV ILLF~ NC Annunl membership picnic of the Amcric:ln Soc1c1y of Dowsers - Appalachian Chap1cr. Call President Jill1CI Shisler for dctruls: (704) 628-1758. FOLK \1O0T Foll.moot USA brings folk dllncers and musicians from Grcccc. USSR. Fmllllld, Atgcnlina, Holland, Spam, Rom;inia, Puerto Rico, lsr.iel, Turkkey, and Thailand lO perform :u various location.~ in Katu:lh. For schedule and price mfonnauon, conUICt Folkmoot MOUNTAIN LAKE, VA "In Search Of .JI"· ~ploring "iMcr sacred space.• Mt.dicme wheel. dowsing, music. mctliwuon, yoga. drumming, hiking, nnd ritullls. Pre-register: Indian Valley Retreat; Rt. 2. Box 58; Willis, VA 24380 (703) 789-4295. 23-27 27 HOT SPRINGS, NC "lndcpcndcooe Weck Ztn Holiday" WAYNF..SVILLE, NC "Buddhi.gn nnd Meditation• with John Orr. Explora1ion of the Buddhist path 10 sptri1UJI Jjbcra.uon will include meditations, periods ol 5ilcncc, and discussion. For mfo on this and other prognims, con!Xt; Sul-Light Retreat Center. Rt. I. Box 326: Waynesville, NC 28786 (704) 452-4569. F ULL MOON 29-7/6 19-21 19-21 wnh Genie, Sandy Stcwan.. Working. chanling. sttting, dharma talks. and keeping SJlcncc, culminating with a walk up the mountain. For info on this and Olhcr rctrcais: Southern Dtwm11 Rctrea1 Center, RL I. Box 34,H; Hot Springs, NC 28743 (704) 622-7112 USA; Box 523; Waynesville, NC 28786 (800) 334-9036. 26 FULL MOON BLACK MOUl\TAIN, NC Robin and Linda Williams al McDibbs. Sec 7(24. 28 HOT s r RJNGS, NC r-w "Hand~ Sur lhc SIMS. Tum the Ellrth" Tai Oli Ch'uan workshop w1lh Kathleen cu.~ick and Jay Dunbar. Solo nnd two-person play orrcr ins1gh1 inio classical principles of unified movement. Prc-rcgistu. Soulhcm Ollllrma Retreat CcnlCI (sec 6/29). 30-8/1 MARSIIALL, NC "Green Woodworking with Kids" fOl'childrcn ages 10.15 and adult portners. Build a r001S1ool from an 03k log · also swimming, hilting, \l.·1ld plant i<lentificauon, campfires, ond SIOC)'tclhng. Country Workshops: 90 Mill Creek Rd.: Marshnll. NC 28753 (704) 656-2280. S111111nn. 1991 �AUGUST 1-J 16.l!i c;nr:A'f S\IOKll:S r,\RK ·~J!Jvc Amcr1c:111s and the Easth" pr0t,'fiu11 nnhe Grc:u Amoky Moum:am, Instil:.:!~ 111 Tr.:mont, S.:c: 1/:lA-21. 111c;111 ..,:-. ns. NC' "Pinhole V1s1on" - low,tcch pmhok camcm constnu:1100 and c~plur.ulon or crcati\c 1m:1gc-makmg wnh Pinky Ba,;s. For info on thi.~ and 111ocr pho1ogr.iph)· workshops, conl.1(1' App.1lachian finvironmcntal Arts Center: Box 580: I l1ghfands, :-:c 211741 (70-I) 526-4303. J Ul.1..\100~ 26-31 MARSllc\U., l\C -~,:ick Ch:11I111.1kmg• work~ilop wi1h Dan Mayner. Bcgmning wuh a red oak log, parucipants assemble a cluur ic,mg morme and 1cno11 jomcry, dr.i,..knh-cs, and spokeshaves. Prc-rc:g1s1cr. Country Work,hors (sec 7/30-8/1 ). 30-9/2 IIREVARD. NC Soull1cm Life Community Ga1hcrmg • ncl,..Nking on issues of peace, jusucc, and planci;iry protection. Family gathering, orcn IO all .Music hy Cnnd1c and Guy Car:iwan, Contact Rur.d Soulhcm Voicc for Peace (sec 8/2-3). 2-3 CF.1.O, NC Onlhcring of commu111ty orgam,.crs and ga.woots leaders who wish to sh.ire experiences and network at Rural Soulhcm Voice for Peace office in Celo Community. If interested m ancnding, plca.,c contact RSVP; 1898 Hannnh Bmnch Rd.: Burnsville, 1'C 28714 (7o.1) 675-S933. ASHEVILLE, NC 11 lh Annual World Gee-Haw Whimmy Diddle Competition will include whimmy diddle feats, lrlldiuon:il music, and clogging. For info, conlllCt: Folk Art Ctntcr (see 7/9-11). 2.'i SEPTEMBER 2-3 WILLIS, VA 6th Annual "Women's Wellness Week"· an opportunity 10 become part of a supportive women's community for a week of renewing power. honoring spirit, nurturing heart, and encouraging creativity. Activities will include dance, clay sculpting, drumming, tie-dying, healing work, and sweat lodge ceremony. Children's program will run concurrently. Pre-register. Indian Valley Retreat Center (Sf.C 6/23-27). 5-11 17-IR CHEROKEE, NC Freeman Owlc, Cherokee pipcmakcr stone sculptor. and storyteller, will demoru;t.nue nt the Cherokee Hcn!llge Museum and Callery. For infonn:uion on lhis and olhcr eppcara11ccs by nauve cr:if1$pCople, conUJCt: Cherokee Heri1.1ge Museum and Gallery; Box 477: Cherokee, NC 28719 (704) 497-3211. OCOEE RTVER 1991 World Cup and Wild water National Chamnpionshtps will attract over 100 of the top wild water racers in the world. Contact Nantahala Outdoor Center (see 7/11-12). HARRISONBURG, VA PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Conference to discuss ideas and Str'Jtegies for "evolutionary preserves" and a wild habitat range the length of the Appalachian Mountains. Sponsored by Virginians for Wilderness/Earth First! and PAW. At James Madison University. For info, write Virginians for Wilderness; Rt. 1, Box 250; Staunton. VA 2440 I or call (703) 885-6983. 14 • 16 19-23 Send $ubmission~ f0t the Event~ page to: Kauiah Calendar Editor; 300 Webb Cove Rd.; Asheville, NC; Katliah Provmcc 28804. Listings for next is.~ue due by Augu.~t 15. "The area's oldcsi and lugc,t natural food~ gtoet'ry • 811/k Herbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements VI/heat, Salt & Yeast-Fm~ Foods Dairy Substitutes Hair & Skin Care Products Beer & Wine Maki11g Stlf'l'lics 200 W. King St, Boone, SC 28607 (704) 261·5220 -p,;, ~~\ Talking J.,,n,~ i~ a monthly J('lutnlll of deep ecology, UISf'ired pen,ooaJ RCIIVlbID rooted ID eMtben 'J'mlWlluy. Pa.,1 1!-!<ucs have rurunxl ar11cles by Gary Soylkr. Statba"J.. Jc>hn S~. Joanna ~facy, 81II ~val!, u•oe Wnlf C1r¢1et;, Barham Mor, etc, AH? NATBR Ml'l'fWl' BLICI'RlCITY with a RAM pump! It works by the action of flowing water and can pump 120 ft. high. Colllplele pump w/ guide -$125. Call or send SASE for free brochure. NATERHAN MK PlJFS 355 Cedar Creek Road -"'-...£.._....____ e1ack Mountain, N.c. 28711 (704) 669-6821 Summer, 19!J1 TnlJ.inl( J.,,111~ ~pew for the n•tural world :and for lhe rd:.indlmg !'I OW' OWII wtld ~JlU11, Suhscnpt1ons arc S15.00 one year/SI 8.00 outside U.S. S25.00 i...o )·ear'IIS36.00 outside U.S. Send chock or M.O. 10: Tn/J.i11x I.raw:, 1430 Willalllt'lle 11367 Eugrlle, OR 97401 5031342-2974 rFR~~,~~~'~:~~~P COMMITTED TO C0'.'.1MUNTIY AND ·cooo-FOR-YOU.FOOO" 255-7650 90 Biltmore AH•nu~ ,\,hevdlc ~C 2 Blocks South ol Downtown Xatimh Journot PCUJC 33 �~BWoR/slt{g • Webworking has changed! There is nowafee of$ 2.50 (PRE-PAJD) per en1ryofjifry words or less. Send b>•A11gust 30th 1991 I(); Rob Messick; P.O. Box 2601; Boone. NC 28607. (704) 754-6097. GOOD STEWARDS WA/IITED for rcmotc land. Approx. IS acres for sale w/ hou.,;e (2 bdrm .• I balh). Organically rarmed for 2tJ )'Cffl, grnv11y recd spring ,,,:ner. High oo Tannsi Ridge. views. Raven ond ~fmnc Walker, Box 23: Lal<c Toxaway. 1'C 28747 (704) 293-7013. RAINFOREST BOTANICALS • from the ancient hc31ing Ulldi11ons of the indigenous people. or SOUlh America. The Life Force of Amawnui. now available io you. Fn:e mformation ID Health Profes.,,onals. Call Lei at l!OO-SJS-0503. '!WO FAMIUES seeking neighborly follcs IO buy mlO 130 acres of beautiful moumainside land near Wcavervillc.1'C. We arc involved in organic gnro,:nmg, homc.~hooling. rwural healing. 1111d spimuality. 20 acre sh3re for S2A,OOO. Call (7~) 658-2676 or 645-7954. 1990,91 DIRECTORY OF INTENTIONAL COMMUNITIES · Just rclc:i~. over 2 years m the nuking. Names, adrcssc.s, phone numbers, and d=riptioos of 320 Nonh American communities. and over 2SO resource ~ . phi., 40 articles. Mops, cross-reference chan.s. fully indexed. $13.SO postpaid from Sandhill Fann: Rt I, Box 155-R; Rulledge. MO 63563. 40% discount available on ordcn of 10 or mate. MUSIC BY BOB AVERY-ORUBELaVllilablcon three casseu.cs. 1'reasuus in the Stream and Circles Returnuig arc folk/rock·J3U. and a recent release of origu1al chants and songs. light in the Wind. isa coptMlla. Lyric sheets included. Send $10 for each tape or $26 for ell throe to Bob Avuy-Grubcl; RL I, Box 735; Aoyd, VA 24091. HIGHLANDER CENTER· IS a communuy-bascd educaLional organ11.auon whol,C purpose IS lO provide space for pcq,lo to learn from each other, and 10 dcvclopc $<llu1ions to cnvircnmcnllll r,roblcms based on their values. experiences, 1111d a~iratlons. They also put out a quanerly newslcua called Highlander RcJ)OrlS. For more information conwcr Highlander Ccnlel'; 1959 Highlander Wuy; New M.lrtkc1, 1N 37820 (615) 933.3443 A SMALL FMflLY COOPERATIVE. IS scckmg a sw1Able ,;pace for homeschooling our children, ages 4,7. We are a responsible, conscious, ruid cxpcri<:nccd a,oup. We 5"k a \l*iOUs house and yanl. away from uafr.c. We prefer lO renr wil.h an Ofltlon lO buy. Call (704) 628-3628 or (704) 252-8183. RAW CHEMICAL-FREE HONEY. Tulip Poplar, Sourwood, and Wildflower hooey from lhc forcstS or Palrick County, VA. No chemicals, no while sugar. no heat ever Slrllincd through ch=ccJoth and p;tekcd in glass. Luni1cd quantities. ~11 or wntc for pnccs & availalnlny. Wade Buckhohs • Bull Mountlin Bcekecpcrs; Rd 2, Box 1S16. S1113r1. VA 2·H71 (703) 694-4571. Xa1uwi JournoC p~ ~ NATIVE AMERICAN Fl.lTT'E MUSIC- Richard Roberts. a well known west TN new age flutist (Ilk.a Zero Ohms), is now availoblc tn lhe East TN/NC are.,. For rcla:ting and uplifimg pcrfonnanccs nr tapes contaet RIChard Robcns: Box 821; Norris, TN 37828 (615)494-8828-oc- RL I, Box 136RD; Lamar, MS 38642 (601) 252-4283. THE DREAM CATCHER - C3tchcs bad dreams and hold, I.hem, 10 be dcsttoyed by the morning sun. Good dreams 0031 down the feather to I.he slcepu. Price: 11 dollars - spcc,fy color prefcrcnccs or nalWUI. Order from Ch1ck:unaugan Fn:c C'hcrolcees: 1915 Buckky Sr #8; Chawrnoogn. TN 37404. I IA WKWlSO EARTII RENEWAL COOPERA11VE • i.\ an 87 acre primitive rcl!C3t and working communily fal!1l, l..oc:31Cd in I.he norlhcm Alabamo mountnin,111>1 11 S miles northwest oC Atlanta. Clas,;c,; on alrcmat1ve lifestyles and Nill.Ive American philosophies arc available on a rcgulor basis. For inform:ition or cnllllog of Nauvc crofts & producL~. Cllll (20S) 635-63().1. 32-ACRE FARM for sale ,n Whittier, NC. Multiple solor hom~ltS, pnvacy, creeks and springs, rwo large orgamc fields. Includes rusuc farmhouse wil.h gravil)'-fcd water and solar sys1em, born, 1111d small solnr suucture. $90,000 for all. Wlll sell pan. Writc Vicki Baker and Tom Graves: Rt 2, Box 108-A: Whittier, NC 28789 or call ('704) 586-8221 or(704) 649-9266. NATIVE AMERICAN CEREMONIAL HERBS • we offer a latge variety of sages, swce1 grass, ruuural resins, 11114 everything ncccssiuy for smudging. Nnrivc smolc.ing m1~tures, flulc music, pow-wow Lape:!, und ceremonial songs. Essential oils, and incenses specifically mode fo, prayer. offcriJlg, and meditation. Forcawlog call or write: Esscncinl Drc:uns; Rt 3. Bo~ 285; Eagle Fork, Hllyc:svillc. NC 2890i (701) 389-9898. whole earth grocery • NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LMNG 4~6 e parkway craft «-nt<'r • <ultc 11 gatllnburg, tcnn~ 37738 615-436-6967 PIEDMONT BIOREGIONAL INSTITUTE - For those who live in lhc Piedmon1 area, !here's a biorcgionnl e!fon well underway. Jom Us! We would nJlPrec13lC any donnuon or time or money IO help moot operating expenses. For a gifl of S25.00 or more. we will send you a copy of John Lawson's journal, A New Voyage 10 Coro/mo Also come find ou1 about the Lawson ProjecL PB!; 412 W Rosemary Slt0CI: Chapel Hill, NC 27516; Uwbruna Province. (919) 942-2581. WICKER WORKER· Wicker furniture rcs'U>red. ainc. rush, and recd sc31S woven, D:sskcrs al.,;o repaired. Expericncc:d scat weaver. "If you can't we cane.· Andrea Clarke; 27 Mu Strc<:t Asheville, NC 28801. ('704) 253-6241. RECYCLED PAPER I - Oin:etory or product sources for the Southca~ SuggC$1.Cd Donation of S 1.00 10 Wcstcm Nonh Carolina Alliance: P.O. Box 18087: Asheville, NC 28814 (704) 258-8737 BODY RI/YT/IMS from PIIIIICtnry Mothers • a beautiful and paroctical calendar for women ID chart rhcir ·moonthly" cycles. Send $3.00 plus S 1.00 [lOSWge to: Planetary Mothers Collective (c/o Nancie Yonker); 5231 Riverwood Avenue: Saraso111. FL 34231 FAMILIES LEARNING TOGETHER - is a new sutew1dc ho=hool group welcoming :inyone wirh on i n ~ in home education. Our pulflOSC 1s 10 focili111tc the exchange or infonnauon, Ullcnt. nnd n:sowccs. For more infonnauon contact: Trish Severin (704) 369-6491 QUEST FOR SUR VIVAL/ JOURNEYS TO SPIRITUALITY· 1s .i new program being offered in the Kimlah area. The purpose of the Que.st for Sutv1vll.l progroms 1S to 1C3Ch the sxrcd order of swvivnl (Shcl1.cr, W111er, F,rc, and Food). and explore I.he roles of ~urvival phllnsophy and spin1ulll1ty in 11113lning b:ll:lnccd hannony wil.h ourselves, cai;h other. Qnd the Eonh. Two rnll'Oductory weekends will 111kc plxc in l.Jlurcl Sp<ings, NC on Scp1cmbcr 27-29 for Women, and Oc1obcr 4-6 for Men. Also ii wccl:long program for men is planned for October 6-13 al Turtle hl.1nd Prosct\·c near Deep Gap. NC. For information on any of thc.o;e programs conU1Ct Tom Barnes: P.O. Box 166; S3vcry, WY 82332 or call (307) 383-2625. LAND FOR SALE - wil.h small house in beautiful Spring Creek. 1'C; IS miles west of Hot Spnngs. Pctfcct for the scJJ-sufficicn1 tire. One hour wesr of Asheville. Call Linda Deyo (704) 675-9575. S11tt11ncr-, 1991 �Katuah Journal wams w comm1111icare your 1/,ouglus and feelings 10 the 01her people i11 1he bioregional pmv111ce Send 1hem 10 us as /e11ers, poems, sinries, articles, drawings, or photographs. e1c. Please seridyour contrib111io11s w 11s at: Katuah Journal; P 0. Box 638; Leicester, NC, Ka11'tah Province 28748. The tall issue of Ka111al1 .loumal will be a·i*,tpouni featurhg a strong emphasis on humor and fun. The titles and contents of Lhe major depanments will tn1nsform laughably, and Katiiah Journal will let its hair down: hopefully gcuing its funny bone tickled! Deadline for anicles is July 31, 1991. Our Winter issue will be concerned with Fire in its many manifestations; from forest fires to the warm hearths of home. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE • SPRINO 1984 Sw;r.ainablc Ag,, iculture • Sunflowers • Human lmp:icl on I.he FOfest. Childrcru· Education· Veronica Nicholas: Woman in Politics Lmlc People· Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR • SUMMER 1984 W11cr Drum • We11:1 Quality. Kudzu. Solar Eclipse . Clcatcuuing • Trom. Going U> Wiler. R'IITI Pumps Microhydro. Poems: Bemie Lee Sinelair. Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FOURTEEN • WINTER 1986.87 Lloyd Carl Owlc • Boogcrs and Mummers • All Spooics Day • Cabin Fever University • Homeless m Katuah llomcm~de 1101 Water • Stovcmwcer·s Narrative • Good Medicine: Interspecies Communication ISSUE TWENTY-THREE - SPRINO 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet Art • Oreen City • Poplar Appeal • ·CIC1t s1cy·· ·"A New Eanh". Black Swan • 11'/ld lt;vely Days· Reviews: Sacred Land Sacred Sa, Ice Age • Poem: ··sudden Tendrils" 0 ISSUE FIVE • FALL 1984 Harvest • Old Ways in Cherokee· Oin.scng • NuclClll Waste • Our Celtic Heritage· Biorcg1onalism: Past. Prcser1~ and Future • John WUnoty • Healing Darkncs.s • Politics of Participation 1SSUETW£NTY.FQUR • SUMMER "89 Deep Listening· Life in Atomic City • Direct Action! • Tree of Peace· C.Ommuruty Building· Peacemakers. Ethnic Survival. Pairing Projcc:t . ··Battlesong". Growing Peace in Culturos • Review: Tiu: Chalice and lhe 8/ak ISSUE SIX • WINTER 1984-85 Wintu Solstice Earth Ceremony • HorseJ>3Sturc:a River· Coming or the Light • Log Cabin Root • Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop. William Taylor. The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN -SPRINO 1985 SuslAlnablc Economies • Hot Springs Worker Ownership - The Orea! Economy . Self Help Credit Union· Wild Turkey - Responsible Investing - Working in the Web or Life ISSUE EIOIIT • SUMMER 1985 Cc:lcbration: A Way of Life. Katuah 18.000 Years Ago Sacn:d Sites • Folk Alts in the Schools . Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle . Poems: Hilcb Downer· Cherokee Heritage Cenll!r · Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE • FALL 198S Titc Waldcc Forest. The Trees Speak. Migtating Forcsu . Horse Logging · Sllll'ling a Troe Crop· Urb:tn Tr«s • Acom Bre3d • Mylh Tim,, ISSUE TEN • WINTER 1985·86 Kate Rogers. Circles of Stone Internal Mylhmllking • Hohsuc Healing on Trial • Poems: Steve Knauth • Mythic Pieces • 11,c UJ(lena·s Talc • Crystal M•gic • ISSUE FIFTEEN • SPRINO 1987 Coverlcu • Woman f-ores1er • Susie McMahon: Midwife · Alternative Contnception Biosexuality Biorcgion:llism l1lld Women Good Mcdic111C: Matria,chal Culture. P~art ISSUE SIXTEEN • SUMMER 1987 Helen Wlitc Poem: V1$ions in a Garden Visi<>n Quc5t • First Aow - Initiation • Ltaming in the Wililcmei> • Cherokee Challenge· "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIOHTEEN • WINTER 1987-88 Vem11CUlar Architecture Drums m Wood and Stone . Mountrun Home • Earth Encrgi<:s Eanh.Sheltettd Llving Membrane Houses • Brush Shelter . Pocmr. Octobu Dwk Oood Medicine: "Shelter" ISSUE NINETEEN • SPRING 1988 Pcrclandra G3tdcn Spring Tonics . Blueberries . WddOower Gardens· Onumy Hcrl>1list ·Flower~ · ""Inc Origin of the Animals:· Story · Good Medicine: "Power• • Be A Trec "Drt,:lnl$pMking" ISSUE THIRTEEN • FALL 1986 Center For Awalccnmg Eli1.abclh Callan· A Ocntlc Death Hospice Ernest Morgan • Dealing Crcotively with De.th • Home Burial Box· The Woke The Raven MockcrWood.slorc and Wildwoods Wooom • Good Medk:inc: The Sweat Locl&e ~UAtt JOURNAL ISSUE TWENTY . SUMMER 1988 Prcsavc Appalachian Wildcmcss Highland$ of Roan • Cclo Community • Land Trust • A.rthur M<><i;an School • Zoning Issue • "The Ridge" • Farmers and thc Farm Bill Oood Medicine: "Land" Acid Rain· Ouke·s Power Play • Cherolcee Miaohydro Project P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Rob Messick a1 (704) 754- 6097 Name Regular Membership......$ I0/yr. Sponsor..........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address Ciry Area Code Summer, 1991 State Phone Number Zip ISSUE TWENTY.TWO. Wl'NTER ·ss~9 Olobal Warmu,g • Fire This Time • Thomas Beny on "Bion:gions" • Eanh Exercise. Kore Loy McWhiner. An Abundance of Emplmess • LETS • Chronicles or Aoyd • D:u,y Wood. The Beat Cl11n Enclosed is $ - ~ - - u, give this effort 011 ex1ra boos1 I can be a local contact person for my area ISSUETW£NTY.S1X . WlNTER, 1~89.'90 Coming or Age in the Ecoroic Eni Kids Saving Rainforest • Kids Treecycling Company • ConOict Resolution . Developing the Creative Spirit - Buth Power · Birth Bonding. The Magic or Puppcuy . Home Schooling. Naming Ceremony MOlhcT Eulh·s CIISS!OOO\ • Oardcnmg for Children ISSUETW£N'fY.SEVEN SPRINO. 1990 Transform•tion - lfoaling Power Pence to Their Ashes. llealing in Kanlah Poem: "When Loft u, Grow·· • Poemr. Stephen Wing The Belly • Food from lhe Ancient Forest ISSUE TWENTY EIOITT SUMMER 1990 Carryu,g Ca~uy . Seu1ng Limit$ to Growth • Whu is Overpopulation? • The Road Oang • Tru: Highway 10 No-.here • The 1.26 Projocl "Cuing Capacity"· People and l11bitll • Designing the Whole Life Community . Steady Sllltc - Poems, WOI Ashe B=n . Tnnsportcm.lbvos · Review· COMUSlfl8 ISSUE TWENTY.NINE . FALl,JWlNTER 1990 From the MounLlllU to the Sea • Promc of The Little Temt$- R1ver • Hcadwatcn Ecology • "It All Comes Down 10 Water Quality. Wata Power: Action for Aquatic HabitalS · Dawn Watchers · Cood Medicine: The Long Human Being The Nonh Shore Road Kllllah Sells Out · Wllcrlhcd M"f) of the Katuah Province ISSUETIURTY SPRJNO 1991 Economy/Ecology Rcsencrativa Economy • "Money Is the Lowest Form of Wealth"· Claruvillc Mira:Je • The VillJ,ge • Food Movers Ll/'eworlt • Oood Medicine: "Village Economy·. Shelton Laurel. LETS Issue 31 Back Issues Issue# __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue # _ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue # __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue # _ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ postage paid $ _ _ Complete Set (3· lO, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24. 26-30) @ $40.00 = $,_ _ postage paid X.Otu.nfi JourrwL page 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 31, Summer 1991 Description An account of the resource The thirty-first issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on "earth energies" and humans' reconnection with the earth through dowsing; earth healing and Earth Energy workshops; and understanding the Earth grid. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Madeline H. Dean, Joyce Holbrook, Clyde Hollifield, Richard Nester, Charlotte Homsher, Page Bryant, Richard Lowenthal, James Proffitt, Lee Barnes, Jim Houser, Emmett Greendigger, Ivo Ballentine, Rob Messick, David McGrew, George Agricola (1556), Douglas A. Rossman, and Mara. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Dowsing by David Wheeler.......3 The Responsibilities of Dowsing: An Interview with Tom Hendricks by Madeline H. Dean.......5 Ceremonies of the Moment: An Interview with Joyce Holbrook.......6 "Jack-o-Lanterns," Acid Rain, and the Electrical Life of the Earth by Clyde Hollifield.......8 Poem: "Old Houses" by Richard Nester.......10 Katúah and the Earth Grid by Charlotte Homsher.......11 The Call of the Ancient Ones by Page Bryant.......13 "If the Earth Is to Heal, Our Hearts Must Be Broken" by Richard Lowenthal.......15 Good Medicine: On Agression.......17 Poems by James Proffitt.......18 Green Spirits: Sacred Forests by Lee Barnes.......19 Off the Grid by Jim Houser.......20 Natural World News.......21 "Just Doing Their Job" by Emmett Greendigger.......23 Time to Take the Time to Take the Time by Ivo.......25 Drumming.......26 Whole Science by Rob Messick.......29 Tuning In by Charlotte Homsher.......29 Review: Light in the Wind.......30 Chestnut Grafting Project by David McGrew.......31 Events.......32 Webworking.......34 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern New Age movement Dowsing Environmental education--North Carolina--Asheville North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Alternative Energy Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Earth Energies Economic Alternatives Education Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Health Katúah Plants and Herbs Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Sacred Sites South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Transportation Issues Turtle Island Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c5ee330c977312a17d828d214a7916e6.pdf 05640bd372243437e62e080e13bbb8ac PDF Text Text ISSUE 32 FALL 1991 $1.50 �Drawina by Rob M~siclt ~UAHJOURNAL PO Bo:,,. 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Printed on recycled paper Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �CONTENTS Bringing Back !he Fire................. . by David Wheeler A Bil of Mountain Levity................. by Barbara Wickersham 5 Climax Never Came....................... by Henry Wender 7 ls the Southern Appalachian Ecosystem Endangered?.................. by John A. Freeman 9 'Talking Leaves": Sequoyah............ 10 by Tom Underwood Green Spirits: Seed Saving ............. by lee Barnes 12 Walking Dis1a11ce......................... by Will Ashe Bason 13 Angle: Environment...................... by lvo Ballentine 13 Good Medicine: .......................... 14 Poem: "A Rotting Log".................. by Brownie Newman 15 THEGRANOLAJOURNAL.......... 16 Livin' By Their Wits recorded by Rob Messick An Old Family Tale by Bess Harbison BRINGING BACK THE FIRE The Slide by Rob Messick Recorded by David Wheeler How Can You Lose Anything as Big as This Ego? by Maxim Didge, Paintings: "Mountain Stories".......... 18 by Robert Johnson Natural World News..................... 20 Dying Soils, Dying Waters............. by Emmelt Greendigger 22 Songs in lhe Wilderness................. by Char/011e Homsher 24 500 Years of Resistance!................ by Emmell Greendigger 25 Save James Bay.......................... 25 Drumming................................. 26 Off the Grid: Solar Ovens... ,........... by Dennis Scanlin 29 Events..................................... 32 \Vcbworklng.............................. 34 Ka11fah Konfusion....................... 35 foff, 1991 While Walker Calhoun is II/JI the only person working ro keep alive the old Cherokee practices and values, he is definitely one of the people most dedicated to restoring the traditional ways. When he speaks of "the Fire," he means the spark of life irself. and also the spirit behind the Cherokee spiriwal life • so strong in this region until even JOO years ago. But, like the Cherokee white flour corn that was cross-fertilized with the white people's Yellow Dent \•aricty, Walker's spiriwal way also shows traces of the white people's Christian religion. \Vhen I drove 11p 10 Walker's house, he was sitting by a small fire in the side yard. He had a ra1: wrapped around one pa111/eg, and he was Ito/ding lo11g pieces ofriver ca11e over rite blaze until tltcy became pliable. then s1raigluenin1: them across his leg to make blowgu11s. lie stood to greet me. He was a slight 111011 with a ready smile that showed the worn nubs of a few teeth. "let's sit 011 the porch," he said. "It's too hnt to work around this fire anymore." I showed him a copy of rite Kattiah Journal and, ofter consideri11g it a mmure. without further prompting he began talking .. Walker Calhoun: Katuah - that's the name of the tribe. We're not the Cherokee. When lhey wrote a history, they called us the Cherokee, but really we're the Katuah tribe. They've got the Katuah Band in Oklahoma, and lhe Katuah Medicine Society out there. That's our religion· lhe Cherokee religion· the Katuah Society. I'm supposed 10 put the sign up at our stomp grounds we have just a.cross the river up here in Big Cove... the name is the Raven Rock Nighthawk Ceremonial Grounds · Katuah Society. We have dance there every month on the last Saturday. In August we have a big celebration • a Green Com Celebration. We have a big time. I was chosen to bring lhe Everlasting Fire back here to the Eastern band. The reason they picked me was because I was the only one keeping our culture and heritage from disappearing. That's why they chose me to bring the Fire back where ii belongs. I didn't know much about the Fire until three or four years ago. Two men from Oklahoma came and told me. We were sining right here, and these two men came. They mentioned Katunh. One asked me about it, but I didn't know what he meant. It was later when I learned what they were t.1llcing about. Now, the Fire... people misunderstand the Fire. At the ceremonial grounds we've got a mound where the spirit is. We build a Drawing by Rob Messick (con11nucd on page 3) X,ntunf, Journo( pn9c I �~ LJAHJOURNAL A BAD CASE OF EDITORTALSTAPH: Susan Adam Jim Houser Lee Barnes Anomal..ee Heather Blair Rob Messick Emmett Greendigger Mamie ~lullcr Charloue Homsher David Wheeler EDlTORIAL ASSISTANCE: Chris Green Scou Bird and Li'I Matthew... Mountain Gardens Family COVER: by Rob Messick ©1991 PUBLTSHED BY: Kart'iah Journal PRTNTED BY: The Waynesville Mowitaineer Press STATEMENT OF PURPOSE EDITORIAL OFFlCE THIS ISSUE: The Globe Valley WRITE US AT: Kat(iah Journal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 TELE Pl IONE: (704) 754-6097 Divcrsi1y is an imponam clcmcm of biorcgaonal ecology, both nntural and social. In accord with !his principle Katuah Journal Irie.~ to serve as n forum for lhe discussion of regional issues. Signed :iruclcs expross only lite opinion of lite aulhors and arc no1 ncccss:irily 1he opinions of lhc Katuah Journal editors or stllT. The Internal Revenue Service hns dcclnred K01uah Joivnol a non-profi1 organizntion under sccuon 50l(c)(3) or lhe lnicmal Revenue Code. All contributions to Ka,uoh Journal an: deductible from pcrson3l income l:lll. Aniclcs appearing m Ka1uah Journal may be rcprimcd m 01hcr publications wilh permis.~1on Crom lhe Ka1uah Journal slllff. ConUlCl lite journal in writing or coll (701) 754-6097. CORRECTION: m our las1 isssuc (Summer, 1991) lhcrc was an error in lite article •Jack-o-Lanicms, Acid Ram, and the Elcctncal Life of lite Earth." Brown Mountain is aclllally IOC3lcd in Burke and Caldwell Counues of North Carolina. Wltat would the world be, once bereft Of wet and of wilderness? Let them be left, 0 let them be left, wildness and wet; Long live the weeds and the wilderness yet. Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once the Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Southern Plain on this Tun le Island continent of Mother Ela, the Eanh I lcrc, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection LO the spirit of the land. We bring this connection into the being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we listen and we act We tune our lives 10 the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preserve, defend, and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good Hannony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As the land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. Ka11iah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems, and anwork we speak to the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, the human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. The Editors - Gerard Manley Hopkins KATUAH JOURNAL wanes ro communicare your thouglus and feelings ro the 01/zer people in the bioregional province. Send them ro tlS as lerrers, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs, ere. Please send your contribwions ro us at: Katuah Journal; P. 0. Box 638; Leicesrer, NC; Kar(ltlh Province 28748. OUR NEX:r ISSUE is concerned with the role of the element Fire in the life of the mountains...forest Fire, how humans changed the landscape with Fuc, Fire in the heanh, Fire as tool, Fire of the spirit. Please submit all material by October 30, 1991. JC.ati!Qn )ournat pa«Jc 2 THE SPRING, 1992 JSSUE will be concerned wilh "Sustainable Agriculture and Regional Diet." We need your input on topics including: sustainable agriculture (alternative ag., low input, appropriate ag., pennaculturc, biodynamics, etc.); seed-saving techniques; wild-foods and medicinals; regionaVcommunity food production and marketing; seasonal diet and recipes; food preservation; green manures and composting; agroforestry; and especially recommended resources, guides, and contacts. Please send material to Lee Barnes; Box 1303; Waynesville, NC 28786. (704) 452-5716. Ta(t, 1991 �(con1inucd !'tom page I) fire on top. A lot of people misunderstand it they think that we worship the fire. That's not it. The spirit of Fire is in that mound. The Oklahoma people fixed it (put it there). They said that was !he sll'Ongest Fire they had ever fixed. It came from the Redbird Community in Oklahoma. That's the original Fire. They've got some more at other stomp grounds, but they get the spirit from the main one, at Redbird, !he same one that this came from. We've got the seven clans of the Cherokee. We've got seven arbors around the fire, each clan sits in their own arbor, and when we start dancing, each clan comes from their own arbor, and when they quit, they go back to their own arbor. We went a lot of different places to get that place fixed. We went up to Clingman's Dome to get a piece of dirt to put over here. That's where the wisest medicine men of the Cherokee had their meetings. I guess they would go all the way to Clingman's Dome to talk with God. People forget about their culture and heritage, they're going with the rest of the world. The Green Com Dance has been handed down from our forefathers, but it almost went out of existence. It was going down slow. They hadn't done it for about 50 years, until last year. I was just a young boy when they did the lllSl one 50 yean. ugo. 1 remember how they danced. The women would be dancing away from the men, while the menfolks were doing the Green Com Dance. When the men got through, the women came over, and they would stan doing the stomp dance, and then the women would join in. When the menfolk were dancing, they would carry shotguns - each one would have seven shots. They would go around a singer, I believe they'd go around seven times first, just walk it, and then on the eighth round, they'd Stan singing, they'd go completely around, and the second time 'round, at each side the men, they'd shoot, each one. That's the way we did it. When we dance, that's the prayer co God. We've got the Fire on top - smoke takes what we're saying up to God. What we're saying, God is the only One who can understand it. We can't understand it ourselves. Sometimes in Oklahoma they dance all night. That's when there's some reason, like the Green Com Celebration or the Fire's birthday. There was one time at the stomp dancing in Oklahoma, it was broad daylight, it was still going. They ran out of songs, they started singing "Old MacDonald." 0L:J.l:J~ f'n{t. I 99 1 The leader sang, "Old MacDonald had a fann." They answered, "Hee yi, hee yi!" I tell you, when they get warmed up, tlleY_'re airing th~ Fire as they dance, making mouons. They sing songs about God while they're dancing, how they appreciate God. Our Fire's birthday is September 29. That's when it was lit, September 29. The man who lit it, his name was Hickory Star. He was the one who wanted the fire brought back here, he said that this is where it belongs. He just barely made iL He lit tlle fire, went back home - he died there last February. He brought the fire back, and tllen he died. Karuah JourMI: Do you sing old songs at the stomp dance? WC: Yeh. I don't know how old. This was done before white men came to America - way before. That was the way they worshipped. Kl: I'm glad you are starting it back again. It would be a tcnible thing if we lost that. WC: Yeah. They've got a lot ofit back now. Some of it they have in Oklahoma. They know more about it tllan us, of course. The Eastern Band, we just came from the few who escaped and hid in the mountains. When they came back. they didn't have nothing. They took the Fire with tllem out west. The Fire, that was their religion. That's the spirit - it was within 'em. They carried the Fire of the spirit. They staned back doing it. To begin with they did it in secret, because the government didn't allow tllem to do that. But they kept it up. Then the government passed a low about freedom of religion (Native American Religious Freedom Act), and then they came out with it. When I was a boy, I guess about 12 or 14 years old, I always heard my motlier and some of the older people talking about the Fire - the Fire in Oklahoma. l thought tllat they had taken the name of the real fire with them when they lefL That's tlle way a lot of people believe yet. Up at the Mountainside Theater (in Cherokee where the drama Unro These Hills is performed), they've got a name burning, that they bum by gas, I guess, so that's the not the Eternal Flame, for when they want to clean it, they put the fire out. That's a commercinl fire. When they brought it back from Oklahoma they actually carried the fire back. I don't know exactly how they carried it, somehow they kept it burning until they got it to Cherokee. They called on a man in ~ Oklahoma to give them the Eternal Fire. He didn't know what to do. They wanted the Fire, so he gave them a name to bring baclc. He didn't know what to tel1 them. There's a lot of people interested in Indian religion, I don't know why. I guess that they think that they (tlle native people) might be more right The Indians respect the Mother Earth. They respect just about everything in nature. You don't hear of any Indians inventing something to kill people with. They don't even talce part in inventing everything. 1 guess they're thinking it's not right. I believe it's not right, the way white people use their inventions. The first thing !hey do with an invention is they make it into a war material. That ain't right. The Indians, they're not involved in that. Maybe tllat's the reason (white) people think that they (the native people) might be more right. God didn't intend it for that way, when He created Man and the Eartll. We were supposed to share the Earth and get along equally. Everything that the Indian goes by, it makes sense, even the legends. It makes sense, all of it. There's a lot to it. Back when I was a kid, it seemed like they kept everytlling. They kept the culture and the herirage, but it gradually went down. When I found out, I had to decide to bring it back. Nobody was trying. YJ: It's important to save whatever you know. WC: We are trying to keep the ll'llditional way. We don't allow alcohol at the stomp dance - no alcohol, no drugs, and a woman that makes her period (who is having her period) can't take part. KJ: Now why is that? WC: That's just traditional. They can't eat with the rest of the family. they have to have their own plate. And a married couple, staying in the family way, they can't take part in the dancing, either one of them. KJ: Is that the way you do in your house? . WC: No. Like I said, it's going out of ex1Stence. The old-timers said that kept a lot of sickness away. I believe it, because Indian people were bigger people than they are now. Now you see a lot of shon, fat Indians, they used 10 be tall - tall people. So 1 believe that. You don't hardly see a big Indian man anymore. (continued on pa,., 4) �(c:ontinucd from page 3) KJ: Will it help the young people in the tribe to bring back the old traditions? WC: We can't drag 'em. The drunks know that they can't go there (lo the ceremonial grounds) unless they're sober. I believe that's going 10 work out slow. They'll be wanting to go there, but they can't go unless they're sober. I think that's the way it's going to work. J know that there are a lot of 'cm peeping around there. They've been drinking. You can see them way out in the weeds, peeping out. They can't come in, though. Within four days, if they've been drinking, they can't go. KJ: It's good work you're doing, Walker. WC: The first 11me I went 10 Oklahoma, the head man explained 10 me all about how that Fire was kept. While he was explaining it, he said, "As long as you are doing God's wiU. that's all that's required." Well, that's all that's required for anybody anyway. As long as you are doing God's will and believe in Jesus Chris1. KJ: How about the white people, Walker? The Ind fan people have been hcrc a long time, and they have old traditions that they can get back in touch with. But the white people haven't bt-cn here so long, and they don't have such old traditions. ls there anything they can do 10 get back in touch? Cartersville and Albany. Georgia. Instead of having Fire, they had a bale of hay. KJ: That takes the power out of i1. ll's hard to think about in the same way after it's been commercialized. WC: There's another thing: we can't build the Fire unless we use a spark out of a rock. My son's a fueman, he builds fires. A man gave him a striker, it makes a big spark. You can·t use a match or a cigarette lighter. KJ: Do you ever use a bow and drill? WC: No. This man said it wouldn't be right. That's somebody's invention. The spark was 1he real tradiLional thing. KJ: Are you teaching somebody to come after you? WC I don't have to. The spirit's there forever. If I die, 1ha1 won't bother i1. The spirit 1s still there. they know 1he spirit is there, so I don't have 10 Lc:11 1hem how i1's done. lt's the Everlasting Fire. KJ; What else are you trying 10 ,~ach people? (remedies). I'm not a medicine man. A lot of people call me medicine man, but the Medicine Man is down in Cherokee (referring to the Medicine Man Gift Shop). 0aughs) KJ: So these are plant medicines. You don't do any conjuring. WC: No. I don't go for that, it's against my religion ConJuring and religion don't go together. Just like alcohol. KJ: llow did you learn the remedies that you know. WC: From my mother, she taught me. Someone can teach you the different medicines, but even if you understand what kind of medicine a person gets, and you just went and got that same kind of medicine for everybody, it wouldn't be any good. We've got to put our Creator first, because we ain't got power ourselves unless we put God in front. Then we can do it. Thc medicine is just a point of contact. Goel is the One who heals you. I understand that. The medicine is just something 10 get you closer 10 God. If you don't believe in the medicine· no good, it won't do it. You've got to have faith in the medicine, too. / WC: I'm trying to teach medicine, "hat little mcdidnc I know. I ju$t know a few WC: Well. I don't know. They're supposed 10 keep up their tradition. their culture, of whatever they arc. Each nationality should keep their own. KJ: It's hard for white people because they have been away from 1he land for so long. h's been hundreds of years. WC: Thar's like these two men who came from Pennsylvania. They were curious about what l was doing. "Our people ain't got nothin'," 1hey said. "We're just here, that's all." KJ: I think that's why a lot of white people are interested in the native religion, because that's how they feel. It's imponant for everybody tha1 you keep the old customs, the s1 omp dance and all of 1ha1. WC: That's a religious dance, and we can't do Lha1 dance away from the ceremonial ground. The only place is down around the Fire. We can do the other dances 10 honor the animals, the Bear Dance, the Beaver Dance the Quail Dance. But the stomp dances we ' have to do around the Frre. There's one big bunch from the Creek tribe that has commercialized theirs. I saw them do their stomp dance down at Xatuah Journat page 4 WrUTEPATII Moving in10 my solitude, he wrestles me from stolen moments of peace among the grand green pines, golden poplars, and brawny. brown oaks or rides a <1uie1, sure-footed mount along 1he ml.ii that conscience leaves into my sleep ChiefWhitepath moving his people from Georgia. I le doesn't speak, but I can hear others weeping, and often there's a scream of death that deepens his frown. ln his eyes I can read the desperate question "How can so many people rest on the carcasses of murdered souls, and not be thought savage?" · Dtborah J~s ran, 1991 �A Bit E)f Mo~ntain Levity "Laugh and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone; For the sad old eanh must borrow its minh, But has trouble enough of its own." Ella Wheeler Wilcox In the minds of each of us, there are worlds which no longer exist and which we can visit only in memory and in i;haring with others. We cnn not walk the same trail twice. It has been my good fortune, however, to have some of the people of Roan Mountain share their hidden worlds of yesterday with me, especially those of the Depression era. I discovered therein a fascinating culture of isolation, independence, and great good humor. They refer to the Depression years as "hard times but good times" and their wonderful sense of humor seems to have been the glue that kept heads on straight and held families together during those "hard times." Banter, affectionate teasing, story telling, and practical jokes were a way of life . .. and still are. I remember one day when I became hopelessly lost in my ramblings around Roon Mountain. I stopped at an isolated country store. A porch rnn the full length of the small building lllld held a number of ladder-backed chairs. In one of these, tilted precariously against the wall on its two hind legs, sat a very old man eyeing me a bit suspiciously. I C:lrCfully explained my predicament and asked for directions. Without changing expression, he surmized "You can't get there from here." He paused, looked very stem, then a big grin broke his face. A little levity goes a long way toward turning problems into laughter. I must have seemed really uptight. The language of their stories is filled with subtle and not so subtle humor, sometimes even a bit caustic, sometimes it bruised a bit but served as a gentle reminder of what path was allowed. Admonitions such as "Do something, if it ain't nothin' but carry water out of the branch and put it in the creek. It'll keep from wearing the rocks out," indicating that laziness was simply not allowed. For children too young to work in the fields but not out playing, "You're as lazy as a pet pig. If your breathin' didn't come and go by itself, you'd be to0 lazy to breathe." At the table you might bear "Let your vittles stop your mouth" when children got a bit too rambunctious. About someone who got up "feelin' poorly," "He got up cranky and hasn't gotten over it." Then there's "You look like the hind wheels of hard times" and "You sure took your time. You'd a-been a good hand to send for the doctor if the devil was sick." Oaildren were the target of much good natured teasing, a son of initiation rite. Jim Street tells of one such incident when he and his brother Aoyd were on the receiving end of a bit of "funnin'." Will Garland, a close friend of the family, had brought Sam Brinkley to talk with the boy's father about :Foff, 1991 buying some property. Now Sam Brinkley was famous for his long beard that reached to the ground and which he kept carefully stored in a pillowcase tucked inside his shin. The boys, aged four and eight, had never experienced that beard. "We were playing head and beard. h skeerd us so bad we run and jumped in the hog pen with the hogs. We couldn't find no place else to hide. Daddy then came and got us out and said Will, quit skeering these boys: they're already crazy enough.' Garland was always aggravating and making cornstalk horses," Jim said. us, telJing us these big stories about what was going to catch us and everything. Ever time I seen Brinkley auer that, he'd laugh, but Floyd never did like him much." Floyd was a born prankster himself. Hear this one: Visiting preachers, especially during camp mecrin's, wen: regular visitors at the Street family table. One day when there see~ 10 be an especially large number of them and the children were having to wait second table, the fried chicken seemed to be disappearing at an alarming rate. Young Floyd peered around the dining room door and called to his mother, "Don't let 'em eat all the chicken, Mom!" Turning, he ran out into "We'd cut off a long piece and make his head and we'd use a little stick or a slip off that comswllc and make his neck and stick it on that and then put on his legs and tail and his mane and everything and we'd have cornstalk horses. That's what we were busy a-doing and we didn't think they was anybody around. So Will Garland talked Brinkley into sticking his beard around an apple tree and a-scarin' us. We didn't know they was anybody in a mile. He was about maybe fifty feet away. We didn't sec him and he stuck his head around that tree and Garland said 'Oh yes, I've got you this time' and he was hid and all we could sec was the old man's (COlllllluod on page 6) Xnti1af1 Journat page S �(coounucd l'rom piigc .S) the night. 1 don't know if he go, a~y chicken or not! Humor was not always up front, and as Malone Young so aptly put it, "Old time lying wasn't really a vice. Land Sakes! Life would have been dull as a froe if people didn't stretch the truth," Storytelling was a real an. Old men would sit around the country store and see who could top the next one or swap stories at bean stringin's or com i;huckin's. During interviews, I was not always sure if the story I was hearing was true or not. One day I asked, "Is this really a true 5tory?" The answer came quickly "Honey. if I'm a-I yin'. I'll tell you." He didn't say when. Sometimes the story would be quite true, such as this one told by Howard Shell, but in order to make them interesting they might end with a funny questionable twist. Howard was sining in the swing on his front porch when I askc-0 him about witches. Ile immediately got a mischievous linlt: twinkle in his eye and 10ld me his mother was a great believer in witches. The story goes that she was having difficulty geuing the milk to chum and decided chat her cow was bewitched. She and her son built a big bonfire. Then she went to the woods and got two haw branches. stripping the thorns to make a good handhold but leaving them on the ends. She put her daughter on one side of the fire and her :;on on the other. As she poured the milk into the fire. they beat it with the haw br.inches and the cow wa.,; cured. Then he told me their chickens became sick nnd his mother decided they were bewitched. Again she built the big bonfire, put one of the sick chickens into a bag and threw it onto the fire alive. I waited expectantly for the rest of the story which didn't come. Finally I asked warily, "Well. did they get un-bewi1ched?" "I don't remember," he replied wilh a sly grin. One charming lady has taken practical joking 10 a long-running high. We'll call her Anna 10 pro1ec1 the innocent. Anna is married 10 a very serious, reserved, channing holiness preacher. bm ,his did not deter her yen for fun. Let's call her husband Joe. Every year, come April Fool's Day, Anna auempted 10 play a joke on Joe and much 10 his chagrin, she always succeeded. Joe logged and farmed, was generally hardworking and steady as you go. His horses were of much value and importance to him and were greatly cherished. Early one April ls1. Anna slipped ou1 of bed early,ju~t :11 daylight. went outside and came rushing back into the bedroom screaming that the horses were tangled in the barbed wire and were cuuing themselves badly. Joe, who slept only in his wherewithals, rushed out into the frosty. cloud-heavy morning, only 10 find 1ha1 he had been taken again. The next year he threatened 10 whip the children if they helped their mother play her linle game. Anna had been after Joe 10 move a hig pile of logs stacked in !he yard because she was afraid the children would get hun playing on 1h·em. but 10 no avail. There they were. stacked 100 high for safety. Before anyone else was up. she wen, 0111 into the yard. pushed 1he logs over so they rolled in every direction. then carefully maneuvered herself under two of them in a way 10 appear badly hun. When one of the children peered out the window and saw her, he screamed for his father. When Joe saw what he- thought had happened, he leaped through the window 10 run 10 her rescue. only 10 have her sit up when he go! there and say "April Fool!" Could you live with a woman like that? He has for some 60 years! Another one of her delightful stories in\·olved "siuing up with the body." The custom was when a person died, the body was kept a1 the home until it w~ interred. During 1ha1 time. even a, night, friends and relatives "sat up." One such night Anna was a bit bored and she looked around for some mischief needing to be done. She saw two very pious women sining in straight chairs leaning against the wall - sound ash:ep! She took some soo1 from the chimney, mixed in a The air is fine for it gives me what J need to live •• .~· $' ~: ::: .•. \ · The water is my mother for it holds me as she would in dream ~ .• Fire is my pride and foe for when it snaps it says it will overtake me ... .•. ·• . .•. And stone, stone is my best friend for it shows me the hardness of the world -1.smanl Cirino JI I I h •,. . -~. • Hard Scrabble .!. the ground I stand on I by Barbara Wickersham .• ! . as it prepares I The judge could no! solve ii and the man went free. It was later solved: 1-Ie had killed his wife, dug a hole 10 put her in, and his name was Fox. And then chere's the story about the man who had 100 much moonshine anti killed his cat ... bu1 we'll save that for another time! They still remember, these people of 1he mountain~ and they laugh and share their funny stories. I love 10 laugh and r did so enjoy listening - hope you did 100. / • •• .•· The earth is good t 1 \' Riddle 10 my riddle to my right, Guess where I srayed las, Friday night. The wind did blow and my hean did ache To see what a hole that fox did make. .. ·· ·· · . .... .•..~·......-.:•:•:•:•:•:•:·........·•..•.... ..·•· ....•. ... The Elements Xotimf, Jou1 nnC pn9c 6 little water, and painted their faces lndian style No one would betray the culprit v. ho had done the dastardly deed! Recently Anna 1old me she asked one of the women if !hey wanioo 10 know who did it. The lady replied "No, not now. I might get angry all over again." So Anna didn't tell - and her secret is cenainly safe wi1h me. Long hours of plowing. hoeing com, chopping wood, washing, cooking, etc. se1 these very bright people of devious minds to crca1ing riddles. An nnicle about their humor would be incomplete without a, least shanng one nddle with you. Here is my favori1e story of riddles shared (supposedly a true story). The wife of a man who lived back in the deep woods had disappeared without a 1rnce. Her family became concerned and there was an investigation. The man was brought before a judge and accused ofkilling his wife. Apparently the judge musr no, have been ahoie1her sure of his guih and he 10ld the man if he could make a riddle tha1 the judge could not solve. he could go free. Here is the riddle: ·• .•..•. ... ............ ·•· • ·~ • Appalachian mountainside, more rocks than grass. Three cows graze sideways round, short legs up hill, long legs down. Farmer says there's green enough to put milk in their faucets, and maybe there'll be milk enough to put green in his pockets. { ._. ::: ~: } •. ~ •. .•· .. ·•· .. ..... ·•· -Mlba Barr. e . .......·-•:•:•:•:•:•:•·.........,;.•· . •· .• • · • .. rnff., ,.19!1 I 1 . '1 �CLIMAX NEVER CAME have ever been in an old-growth forest thm contains tulip trees, you can see that they have a Iarger crown than other species, Like hemlock, sugar maple, or beech. And as tulip trees fall over. they create an open patch that is bigger than a gap left by one of the other tree species. Intermediately tolerant or even intolerant ttecs that wouldn't come up in the space left by a sugar maple or a beech, come up in the gap made by a fallen tulip tree. So even in an old-growth forest you can have a (OMlinncd on~· 8) by Henry Wender The idea of a "climaxfores1" has been an appealing one w sciemists interested in validating the idea of a 1111mral order in the world. It has also been a term usedfrequelll/y in the pages of the Katuah Journal to describe the old-growth hardwoodfore.\'l. Now it appears that n111ybe there has never been a climax forest in the Southern Appalachians, that the theory is too restrictive to accurately describe the dynamic processes of na111re in the mowuain highlands. JIere is a report on the controversy Scientists looking back at the magnificent hnrdwood forest that once covered the Southern Appalachian Mountains felt a sense of awe at the splendor of the big trees. The old forest had a feeling of permanence and "rightness" I.hat was justified by the observation of "succession" among forest plants: after a disturbance smaller, fast-growing plants repaired ecological damage and prepared the site for larger tree species and their accompanying understory vegetation. The dominant uces and the plants associated with them were termed the "climax forest," for these trees were shade-tolerant 10 some degree and succeeded themselves in the forest canopy. It seemed that unless an outside disturbance threw the forest back into an earlier stage of succession that the dominance of ccnain tree sP-CCies was inevitable. Certain species appeared 10 be ideally adapted 10 the conditions of the region and. unless interrupted, could maintain their reign perpetually (or at lea.st until the conditions of the cnvironml!nt changed). Succession, the scientists said, always reached a climax: "a self-reproducing 1cm1ina community." As with almost any abwlute statement in science, contradictions began 10 appl!ar within the idea of the climax forest. During the 1970's, scientific questioning turned into open revolt. One of the leaders of the rebellion was Dr. Peter S. White, then a researcher for the National Park Service at th Uplands Field Research Laboratory ,n the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. White is now the director of the Nonh C-irolina Botanical Gardens maintained bv th, University of Nonh Carolina at Chapel I iill. In a conversation in his office. he spok, about how his observations clashed with the climax theory: " 11tey (the climax thcorhts) would pn.-dict that in time a cenain cove site would become a hemlock forest or a beech forest. But th:it ~ocs nor happen everywhere without interruption. "Fire is an example in many ecosystems. but 10 use an even subtler example, tulip trees (locally known as yellow poplar) are shade-intolerant, early successionaJ trees. They colonize where there is on abundance of resources and nutrients and light and water. 'Tulip trees have a large crown. If you :ft1CC. 1991 Phoio by Rob Meutck Xatum, Journot PCIIJe 7 �of climax. They_ inU'Qduced "Polycli~cs," a mosaic ot different climax situations across the same landscape, and even "dis-climaxes," climax situations based on recurrent patterns of disturbance. Others referred to climax as an ideal situation that was valid for an (ainunucd frum pqc 7) persistent succcssional tree, just because of their great size. "So the ultimate progression towards climax would occur only in some rare situations. It docs happen. In a deep ravine, it CARIHEAN ISLANDS GIJ' MOOE LS ,-,....... $MALL WATERSHEDS DOMINICA CUBA ' ' r--"---, RECREATIONAL FOREST IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS 1 .. 111* C C w ~ • C ~ ,,. ----,\ 1010 C ,r, 0 OIUIIRICANES HITTING CIRCULAR ISLANDS I / \ EFHCTIVELY NONEOUILtlRIUM LANOSCAl'ES E . . -1"---- \ -- / I ""' C 10• } AUSTRALIAN ~REST FIRES FIIQM 1954 ,.,, IIY YEAR . __ ..., } } ) IJ''ALACHIAN WILDFIRES AREA IN THE 11.tlNGES OF COMMERCIAL A\ISTIIALIAN ~IYSl'ECIES Sc.le of dinurbonce and ICale of bnclscapcs for •umple ecosyslefflS. The hne between lhc dTcctive.ly nonequihliriwn and 111c quai-eqwlibri1m 1.-,d,apcs is based 011 a SO: I ratio of landsape cn:a to diJllllt)enu au. Cornbina&ions of disn.wbance and laidscape scales illu.waied uc: (a) Trerfalls Oii imall W111Cn!w,ds; (b) W'llcl!n, on ama11 walaShcds; (c) WildfiRS on reaeaiioml foruu: (d) AIISlnliln Corua ms on I.be nmie of Auslnlli111 £colyp1i,s specie$; and (c) Hurtian<s OC1 Carribc:m hllnds. (from A Theory of Forest Oynamies by Herman H.Shup.rt) might just be shady enough that hemlock is able to exclude any intolerant plants eventually, providing there is freedom from fire or hurricanes. So in a cenain sense there could be dominance by a few of the most shade-tolerant species. But in most other cases, I think thar that end-point of succession was still a mixed forest which never quite got to climax." Key to the idea of climax was the qualification "unless interrupted... " In climax theory, disturbance, even natural disturbance, was looked on as "endogenous," something that came from outside the system and interrupted the "normal" progression 10 a stable climax. White and his scientific allies maintained that disturbance was a natural occurrence in the life of most forests and needed to be included in any theory of forest dynamics. 'There was a certain sense that evolution creatcS ctiversity," White said, "There is a reason why early-succession plantS such as birch, pin cherry, or blaclcberrics evolve in a system. and that reason is that there is periodic disturbance, so it felt that 10 look only at the end-point was the wrong focus." In nature, it is said, "change is the only constant," and trying 10 deny disturbance an integral role in the forest ecosystem seemed 10 be setting up a Static model lhat left out the clement of change. Scientists defending climax recognized this, and they began to redefine the concept Xawan Journat - • , J. ". h. t P™Je 8 environment whether it actually occurred or nOL There came to be so many "climaxes" that, in the eyes of White and his cohons, the concept lost its meaning. "Every species is climax in that it evolved within some environmental setting and is extant within that setting," he wrote in 1979 (emphasis added). A nonhem hardwood forest setting provides an example. The dominant species, such as beech or sugar maple, depend on a shady, liner-covered forest floor to germinate their seeds. They are slow colonizers but are very tolerant of shade and play a waiting game. sitting as small saplings in the understory until an opening appears, when they use their height advantage and leap 10 fill it. While these species arc clearly dominant, other early-succession species persiSt. Yellow birch has light seeds which it disperses widely, starting many seedlings on I.be forest floor. But these seedlings arc completely eliminated, except for those which manage to take root on disturbed soil or on moss mats covering rotting logs or rocks from which they drop trailing roots 10 the forest floor. The fire cherry has persistant seeds that live a long lime in the soil, waiting for a ctisturbancc 10 open a gap in the upper canopy. By such strategics, these "early-succession" species, although never dominant, keep their place in the the northern hardwood forest. When larger gaps open up, the "climax species" arc out-competed by stands of the fas1-growing, light-loving trees. Rather than a linear model always approaching the goal of a final climax, 1his appears to be a shifting balance of different species competing amid a constantly changing set of conditions. "Dynamic equilibrium" or "patch dynamic equilibrium" is how White describes this continuing process. He mentions the work of Herman Shugan, a professor at the University of Virginia. ln his book A Theory of Foresr Dynamics, Shugan modeled a forest with disturbance patch size (maybe a burned area plus the gaps opened by fallen trees) on one axis and the total landscape siz.c on the other axis. If the total siz.e of the disrurbanccs was one-fiftieth of the size of the forest, Shugan said that the forest was in a state of "quasi-equilibrium." If the disturbance area included more than one-fiftieth of the forest, Shugart said that the forest was in "disequilibrium." Shugart also drew some conclusions about habitat ctiversity by examining patch sizes on a landscape over time. ln his model, maximum ctivcrsity was obtained when one-fiftieth of the landscape was stirred up by small, concurrent disturbances. On the other band, a single massive disturbance, like a hurricane or a large fire, would not produce that same diversity of habitats, because the character of the whole forest would be altered. This analysis is more relativistic and flexible than the traditional climax model because it incorpocatcs disturbance as pan of the picture rather than trying to exclude the influence of change. It can also give a picture of relative stability. While there is constant change and constant activity happening at the local level, seen from a wider viewpoint a forest's rate of food production, the average amount of biomass, or the average size of animal populations may bold steady over an extended period of time. 'That equilibrium." says Peter White, "since it has changclessncss within change, could be seen as a climax landscape. It's a big landscape with lots of inctividual local dynamics, but they're all canceling out over the whole. One could call that climax. "Historically, the tenn 'climax' would not have been applied 10 the patch dynamics equilibrium, but given freedom from people, and a constant equilibrium on a larger scale, there is a stable landscape configuration that could develop." Change is constant The key is balance. This viewpoint frees our minds from a linear and goal-oriented perspective. lt integrates the forest species and the forces that influence them together into a larger whole. In this view of evolution, the cycles of successfon yield stability in its time while providing necessary diversity to meet the challenge of unceasing change. Thuw to Or. Peter White for I.he infonnation ror this arti<;lc. For more in-depth infonnalion. - his article -Pattern. Process. and Natural Diswrbancc in Vcgctation" in The Botanical Rrv~. Vol. 4S, No. 3 (Swnmcr. 1979) and TM &oleo ofNOlrval Distrvbana and Pasch Dyll(tlflia. edited by S. T.A. Piclcca and Peter While (Academic Press, 1985). f"n(L, 1991 �.. 1 IS THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN ECOSYSTEM ENDANGERED? by John A. Freeman The Southern Appalachian area is one of the beauty-spots of Earth. Yet there are signs that this ecosystem is in trouble, that it is breaking down, perhaps much more rapidly than we are used to thinking ecosystems can. There is ample evidence that ecosystems break down quite rapidly due to stresses from overuse or abuse. Ln early classical Greece, trees were so abundant that the land was basically forest with isolated clearings. Yet within two centuries trees were uncommon enough that travelers mentioned individual trees or small groves as guidepost~ along their routes ln the American West 130 years ago, travelers described the grasses as reaching halfway up 1he sides of their horses. Today, some of these areas seldom have grasses more than a few inches tall and the carrying capacity forcanle has been reduced by perhaps 98 percent. But surely our beautiful area wi1h its forests is not on tha1 slippery slope,. Or is ii? Fifty years ago, as a graduate student at Chapel Hill, I chose 10 use three common aquatic snails in a research project. One basis for the choices was that they were readily availnble in nearby srreams - I could collec1 1he seveml dozen of e;ich that l neede.c;I in a matter of minu1es. Fifteen years later, in. Piedmont ponds two of the snails were common. The third, always found in small streams and pi:eviously common throughout these mountains, was rare. In 1956 r saw the last one I have seen in this area. Six or seven years later, the pond snails had almost disappeared from the ponds where 1 once collected them in large numbers. By 1he mid-'60's, even superficial observation showed that stoneflies and mayflies were much reduced in the areas r visited. Except for fishermen, most people would not be concerned about the decimation of these insects. However, the fact that they are major sources of food for trout gives them significance. Their loss has been responsible for the need of frequent stocking of trout streams 10 enable tr0u1 fishing in most of the area. Other small creatures nre rare in many areas wbere they were once common. Some that come 10 mind are snakes and other reptiles, and a wide range of amphibians (frogs, toads, and salamanders) which, as a whole, I estimate have been reduced in numbers by perhaps 99 percent. Many songbirds are also much reduced in recent years. Taking a longer historical perspective, the top predators were reduced 10 only token levels many years ago. Wolves, for example, were once important in the balance among animals in our area. Now, in an effort to restore some semblance of balance. red wolves are being reintroduced. The predatory birds (eagles, hawks, owls, etc.) were once reduced to small populations but fonunately with some suppon by humans are makmg comebacks. :fa(£, 1991 In recent years, among the most conspicuous changes have been among trees, especially Fraser firs and spruces at higher elevations, such as Mount Mitchell. As yet less dramatically affected arc various oaks, pines, dogwoods and 01her trees extending thing of the past, possibly within decades and almost surely within a century. What can be done, if anything, 10 get our beloved area off the slippery slope? Unfortunately, about the only rhing we can do locally is 10 apply as many "bandaids" down into the valleys. That we have some explanations - or tentative explanations - of the changes we sec docs no1 reduce the fact or significance of the.c;e changes. Based on my own per;onal, though not systematic, observations, I conclude that our Appalachian ccosys1ems are under attack. Once the slippery slope of ecosystem degeneration i.~ reached, ecosystem breakdown can be rapid. It leads 10 a nc:w and different system that develops rapidly unless remedial steps are taken promp!ly and vigorously. The new ecosystem has a lower tot.ill life suppon capacity than the original from which it developed. My conclusion is qualitative, not quantitative: based on my observntions over a lifetime in the Appalachian and nearby areas, our ecosystems are already onto tha1 slippery slope leading to dramatic changes, including towered productivily. Just when sharp and dramatic changes will come is unccnain, as it is uncertain just whru the changes will be. Unless dramatic steps are taken soon, the ecosystems we know and enjoy will be a as possible, for the basic causes of the problem are much more widespread. Any steps which lower the pollutants known as acid rain or acid precipitation will help. Global wanning and the depletion of stratospheric ozone are widespread problems 1hat require more than local actions. Fonunately, there is developing wide intereSt in this country, especially at non-governmenllll levels, in these problems. Accords and bws mandating changes are ei1hcr already in effect or arc being developed. Grassroots activists instinctively ask a crucial question: "What is there for me 10 do?" Fonunately, there.arc several overlapping areas in which we can be effective. Foremost, in my opinion, is increasing awareness on the pan of the public and of government officials that the mauer i~ critical and that we cann0t afford to wait until all is kTiown about such matters as what causes damaged vegellltion. Drawing by Rob Messick (COIIIIIIUed on page 24) 1Gatuah Jo1..rnn£ PCMJC 9 �uTalking Leaves"·· 1 ,,, The Life and Influence of Sequoyah based on an interview with Tom Underwood Sequoyah was unquestionably a genius. He developed an 86-character syllabary of the Cherokee language that enabled his tribe to become the only one of the North American Indian tribes 10 become literate. Sequoyah's invention allowed the Cherokees to publish a tribal newspaper and preserve many of their old teachings and beliefs in written form. He is the only man in recorded history known to have devised a system of writing without knowing how to read or write in any language. Sequoyah was born in eastern Tennessee sometime around 1776, the half-breed son of a while man named Nathaniel Gist and a daughter of one of the Cherokee chiefs at the village of Echota. There has been much discussion among historians about his parentage, but today there is little doubt that Gist, the son of a prominent Virginia family, was Sequoyah's true father. Gist was a friend of George Washington, and it is said that he was working secretly for Washington, looking for purchasable land in Tennessee. He lived with the Indians for quite some time at the Echota village. He did not leave there until the Revolutionary War, when there was discussion in the Virginia legislature of d~laring him a traitor because he was living with the Cherokee who were actively aiding the British. Gist traveled to Virginia and presented himself before the legislature. He told them that he was not a British sympathizer and that he would recruit Cherokee to the colonial cause. He brought 14 Indians to fight for the colonists, but he did not return with them to E~hota. After the independence was declared, Gist settled in Ohio, and his family became respected leaders of their time - one was a congressman, another became a well-known innkeeper in Washington. After Sequoyah had invented the syllabary and was on business in Washington, he visited the Gist family on one occasion, evidently at their invitation, and was accepted by them as Nathaniel's son, George Gist. Some of the best written information on Sequoyah is included in an odd collection of documentS on the Cherokees compiled by a white man named John Howard Payne. Payne was a contemporary of Sequoyah and transcribed first-hand n:collcctions of the man. "The Payne manuscript," as it is known, says that Sequoyah's family on his mother's side "was of high rank in the nation. The famous John Waus was one of them. Two of his uncles were men of great distinction - one of the two was named Tah-lon-tee-skee (the overthrower), and the other Kahn-yah-tah-hee (the first to lcill). "Kahn-yah-tah-bee was the principal X.Otuah Journal pac.,s 10 chief of Old Echota, the ancient town of refuge, over which he presided, He was called The Beloved Chief of All the People.' 1t was his exclusive duty and delight 10 be a peace preserver. "During some public assembly, there was an onset of the whites, notwithstanding it was a time of profound peace, and all the Tndians fled, excepting Kahn-yah-tah-hee and another chief, of whom there was some distrust in the nation. They were both in the square where the ceremonial had been gone through. Kahn-yah-tah-hce arose from his scat, and with a white flag waving, met the marauders as they broke into the square. Both chiefs were murdered brutally on the spot. "Some days subsequently, the invaders having withdrawn, the people returned. Carrion birds had devoured the body of the one chief, but that of the other, Kahn-yah-tah-hee, the Beloved of All, was untouched, and unchanged even in death. His hand still grasped the violated Flag of Peace, and upon his dead lips lingered a benignant (sic) smile." Se.quoyah grew up a Cherokee and identified with his tribal heritage. He never learned to speak English. He had no wish 10 learn the white people's language. Even after ~eh~ invented the ~yllabary and was being interviewed for a sencs of newspaper articles !n Washington. he spoke through an interpreter. The boy and his mother lived at Echota until he was 11 years old and then moved down to Wills Town, in nonheas1ern Alabama. He never showed signs of his genius when he was a child. He was 100 busy helping his mother find a means of survival. She ran a small trading post and outfitted fur trappers on credit. Young Sequoyah would go out in the forest 10 pick up the furs owed to her for payment. He was alone much of the time. He learned self-reliance and supplemented the family's meager larder by hunting. When he was older, he learned several trades. He was a silversmith for a time. The Cherokee loved 10 decorate themselves with fine jewelry - ear and nose rings, armbands, bracelets, gorgets, and chains, and Sequoyah became proficient at creating these ornaments out of silver. He prevailed upon a white man 10 write his name in English and engraved his signature on each piece of his work. He also began 10 draw and was highly regarded among the tribespcople on this account. He latertumed to blacksmithing. But he was never much of a farmer; he never could get interested in hoeing com. It was also said of Sequoyah that he was "greatly considered among all the handsome women." The Payne manuscript tells us: "...when he discovered that he was so greatly considered among the handsome women, he began to pay less attention to his employment He neglected his silver worlc and his drawing and went about visiting one and another, and every day he had more and more friends. The young men were always pleased to see him coming where they were. When he would arrive at any place where a number of them were assembled around their boule, they would call out to him, 'My friend, my friend, let us drink whiskey together... ' "But at that time he drank only water; though he would. when thus invited, always go fetch a quart bonlc of whiskey. and give it 10 his friends and then wait and let them drink it by themselves. He went on thus for a long while, but was at length tempted now and then to taste a little with his friends - and soon, a little more: until at last. he would often get tipsey (sic) with his friends: whereupon his friends increased upon him so fast, that instead of a bottle, he would have to bring a three gallon keg for their supply, and he would make them all drink with him, until the keg was empty." One night Sequoyah and a couple of his friends went to a Bible reading. They listened, and going home that night they talked about how wonderful were the "talki.ng leaves," as the Cherokee described pages of paper. To them the pages of a book sounded like leaves rustling in the wind. Sequoyah's friends said, "This is a wonderful gift of the Great One to the white man. We could never have this." He said, "1 could do this." They laughed at him. "No, you couldn't do that," they said. He said, "I can do it I can find a way to make the talking leaves speak in Cherokee. They laughed again and said, 'You're crazy.''' That set him off. Sequoyah went to work. He first tried 10 devise symbols to make sentences, then symbols to make words. Everything wound up too compli_cated. He started over again trying 10 figure It all out. From when he began, until it was completed, Sequoyah worked off and on creating his syllabary for over 20 years. He eventually broke the Cherokee language down into 86 basic sounds and assigned a symbol for each. He could not devise enough signs 10 designate the different sounds. so one day when he found a discarded newspaper, he picked symbols from the pages and adopted them into his own system. That is why some of the characters in the Cherokee syllabary appear familiar to English-speaking people. Sequoyah would become absorbed in his work and retire to a small outbuilding on his propeny to ponder on the syllabary for long periods of time. He abandoned his farm fields completely and left the raising of crops and family entirely to his wife. She became infuriated about this project that was taking her husband away from his responsibilities. One day, when his work was almost completed, she burned his little building with all his notes while he was away from home. But he would not quit He staned over. No one else in the tribe believed in his work. The other members of his community disrrusted his long periods of solitary labor. The word began to go around that Sequoyah was engaging in witchcraft He was losing the respect that he had gained in the community. Finally one day a friend named fo(t, 1991 �tribal council, Sequoyah received wide recognition. Now a famous man, he remained quiet and withdrawn. The Payne manuscript described him as follows: "His manners were never forward and are now become somewhat reserved. lt can be seen that his mind is always busy within him, and, especially when smoking, he seems absorbed in thought. He is thin and above the middle heighL 1n dress he :idheres 10 the old costume of the nation, but without ornament; wears the turuc and robe, leggings Tunle Fields came ro visit Sequoyah. The Payne manuscript recounts what to0k place: "'My friend,' Turtle Fields said to him, 'my friend, there are a great many remarks made upon this employment which you have taken up. Our people are much concerned abour you. They think you are wasting your life. They think, my friend, that you arc making a fool of yourself, and will be no longer respected.' "Gist replied, 'Lt is not our people who Cherokee Syllabary Da -$-ga t ho 'Vha W,a ,/"ma Re l"ee T. rhl' .oh, f ,e Ctme f ,, H m, 0 n l.hnaGnah J\.n a e Yii, Iln, Q Que 'fqu, l::fsa OUs 4 ,e h s, W,.. d1a .Ct1d i G,.a G.wa tDva ~ mo J'mu ,,,. . , 4 nu O'nv quo le}quu f; quv ½$0 If'$, Rs., Z no ~ qua t da . Ou J.., A eo J gu .Egv J.lho r hu &-hv G,o M,u 4 1 v o)o I Sde't1e .,L ] ,, Vdo Sdu I ~ do L ,,p C,11 ,J ,,o -'i'P 11u P 11v lr,s, K ,so cJ,su C ,sv 'J',se /Jwu 6w v 4£JWL' J3ve nv fi vo Gvu Bvv have advised me to this, and it is not therefore our people who can be blamed if 1 nm wrong. What 1 have done I have done from myself. If our people think lam making a fool of myself, you may tell our people that what ram doing will nOl make fools of them. They did not cause me to begin and they shall not cause me to give up. If I am no longer respected, what l am doing will not make our people the less respected, either by themselves or others; and so I shall go on, and so you may tel1 our people."' We sometimes call Sequoyah's symbols an alphabet, but 11 is actually a syllabary, which correctly describes a system of signs for the sy11ables of a language. lf one knows Cherokee. it is fairly simple to learn Sequoyah's symbols and write the words of the language. Not many go 10 the trouble 10 do it anymore, but the fin;t person Sequoyah taught was his six year old daughter. She was the one who demonstrated his system to the governing council of the Cherokee nation. When Sequoyah t0ok his syllabary to the council, the members refused 10 believe it. It was 100 complicated, they said. There were too many sounds. They would never learn it. He said, "h's so simple 1ha1 that I have taught my six-year old daughter to use it." They put him to the test. She wrote down what they said while he was out of the room, and when he came back, he read ii. After the syllabary was accepted by the rnrt, 1991 ~ WI ~ WO sometimes of buckskin, sometimes of blue cloth - moccasins instead of shoes - and a turban." By this time there was intense pressure on the Cherokee from white people who wanted their land. Sequoyah left Alabama with a group led by Chief John Jolly and settled in Arkansas. He worked some salt springs and taught the written language 10 the Cherokees there. At one time, there were more literate Otcrokees than there were literate white people in Arkansas! When the first Cherokees forced to travel The Trail of Tears arrived out west m 1839, there was much resentment among the earlier settlers because "the newcomers" were talcing up the land. There was violent dissension that threatened 10 destroy the tribe. and Sequoyah turned his talents and reputation toward the causes of peace and tribal unity. The tribal leaders met and decided 10 write a constitution that all factions could abide by Sequoyah was elected president of the group, and if not for his presence, there probably would have been much more trouble, because he was a man who did not take sides and did not harbor grudges. He was a leader and a man of peace, and it turned out that he had great powers of diplomacy. When the constitution was negotiated, the Cherokee moved all their belongings 10 Oklahoma. Scquoyah's final trip was a mission to Mexico undenakcn when he was about 67. He journeyed the<e to bring a whole village of Cherokee people back to Oklahoma.. The group had starte.d west without a guide during the Removal, and had wandered down the wrong river and ended up across the border. ln seeking for them, Sequoyah died in the small town of San Fernando, Mexico in 1843. ••• Words become only insO'Umencs, expressions. The written syllabary significantly changed the world of the Cherokees, but it is difficult even now to give a definitive analysis of the impact that Sequoyah, singlehandedly, had on his tribe. I think that will have to wait for future historians. But one thing is clear: Sequoyah wanted his people to be able to read and write like the Europeans, and through his genius and his efforts he allowed the Cherokees 10 have their own written language. It gave them a chance to read, and many Cherokees became better informed than their own white neighbors. They took pride in that. and they took pride in the fact that it was their tribesman Sequoyah who had made ic possible. Once the syllabary was widely circulated, the tribe installed a printing press in a log cabin office at the tribal capital at New Echota. It was set with specially cast type and printed documents and a bilingual tribal newspaper. TIie Cherokee Phoenix. There followed translations of the Bible, hymnals, and prayer books in10 Cherokee. After the Removal, literate Cherokees sent leners back and forth between Oklahoma and the Eas1. Directly or indin:ctly, the printed word broadened the horizons of every member of the Cherokee tribe. It gave the Cherokee a significant advantage over other Native American aibcs. Because they could read their own language, they were able to become acculturated ro white society easier than the other native people. That gave them a better chance of survival in the world they had to face. Of course, this acculturation had its negative effecL~. 100. In some areas the new literacy increased the jealousy of some of the Cherokees' white neighbors. And at the same time that it was increasing the Cherokees' pride and sense of tribal accomplishment, literacy was also helping to destroy traditional foundations of tribal society. lndividual Cherokees became confused about who they were and turned their back on their native heritage. As the Cherokee Bibles and prayer books helped to gain convcns to the Olristian religion, the power of the medicine people was eroded and the ages-old spiritual life withered away. But because ethnologiSt James Mooney found small journals in which Cherokee medicine people had ~ e d their magical formulas, he was able to preserve a written record of ancient lore that was lost to many of the other tribes. Other valuable information wrincn in Cherokee was preserved as well. There are medicine chants written by Bird Partridge in the Museum of the Cherokee Indian that were written in the native language, and I am sure I.hat there were other items of the same natuTC. (0l>lllinlled <lll P-'CC 24) 1'ati1 fl Jour nd. a po(JC 11 �GREEN SPIRITS: Human societies, cultures, and cuisines originally developed around the ecological cycles of plant growth and dormancy. seed set and tuber development in their regions. Today it is still highly desirable for each bioregion to be more self-sufficient in its own food production. Diet should become more regionally localized and more seasonable, with different foods available at different harvelit periods. Produce .,,. hich is storable or dryable (potatoes, winter squash, etc.) would come to be of greater imponance in the regional diet. Regional food production (especially production utilizing low-input organic methods) would act 10 stabilize regional economics by decreasing our dependance on foreign inputs, especially oil and pem:x:hemicals. Any region can become more self-sufficient in its food production, distribution, and marketing. Critical to the successful development of regional agricultural economies is the preservation of the dwindling amount of remaining world-wide plant genetic diversity. Thousands of locally selected vegetable and fruit varieties have been lost in the last century due to the change from growing predominantly local, open-pollinated varieties to the almost exclusive use of F1 hybrid varieties. Modern hybrid plant varieties have been developed for characteristics such as high yield, case of production and uniform harvest, but not for the generic diversity which serves as biological insurance against disease or insect attack. Hybrid crop varieties have the disadvantages of (1) genetic uniformity, and susceptibility to major insect and disease attack; (2) seeds produced from hybrid plants cannot be saved and replanted, since their offspring would not produce a uniform or stable crop; and (3) hybrid crops require massive amounts of outside inputs, such as fenilizers and pesticides, to achieve high levels of yield. With the loss of genetic diversity in our food crops, we are losing the diversity which has developed over millions of yea.rs, the same genetic differences which allow plant populations to survive climatic changes. PlanLc; which have diverse genetic backgrounds are generally termed "opcn-pollinnted" varieties (also called "non-hybrid," "standard," "heirloom," or "old•timey" varieties ). Open-pollinated varieties are more or Jess, randomly pollinated from genetically diverse parents, resulting in unique offspring with a wide range of physical and biochemical genetic expressions Seeds from open-pollinated plants contain a great deal of genetic diversity from which agriculturists can select for features such as taste, disease resistance, and suitability of use. By selecting parents with desirable characteristics. and by crossing them in selected combinations. improved varieties, which are more adapted to local climates, soils etc., can be isolated. Another major advantage of open-pollinated varieties is that they retain their genetic diversity, preserving genes which may be more :Kcit.i'.w h Jo1.m mt pQCJe 12 Seed Saving to Preserve Biodi:ver~sty, adaptable to changing environments. II is of grem practical value to be able to produce and save one's own seed. 1hereby being able to gradually selec1 for desired improvements and bcner local adaptability (i.e. better gene combinations for a panicular climate or soil). while retaining genetic diversity. SEED SA Vl~G REFEREI\CFS Robm Johnson. Jr. 1983. Growing Garden Seetlr: A Manual/or Gardeners and Small Farms. Inexpensive and easy to understand. Available from Johnny's Selected Seeds; Albion. Maine 04910. $1.95 Peter Donelan. 1986. Growing ro Seed. A more detailied presentation. Ecology Action, Self-Teaching Mini-series# 13. Order from Ecology Action: 5798 Ridgewood Road: Willeis, CA, 95490 $3.50. Suzanne Ashworth. 1990. Seed ro Seed Seed-saving techniques for over 160 vegetable crops. 240 pp., $20.00 ppd. Order from Seed Savers Exchange (sec address below). SEED SA VJNG ORGANlZATIONS The Flower & Herb Exchange (FHE) Rt. 3. Box 239 Decorah Iowa 5210 I ($5.00 annual membership) Fonunately, there is a growing number of individuals and developing organizations which recogni1.e the imponance of preserving natural genetic diversity in agricultural crops. The most widely known is the Iowa-based Seed Savers Exchange, which is a loose organization of people committed to seed saving and exchange. The Seed Savers Exchange believes that the best way to preserve historical varieties is by propagating them and distributing them to a widely scattered number of seed savers. The group publishes lists of available varieties and addresses of members with panicular varieties for exchange or sale. By keeping open-pollinated plant varieties in the public domain, the Seed Savers Exchange ensures that they will be widely propagated and distributed. We highly encourage Kan1ah plant caretakers to identify and promote the preservation, propagation, and distribution of local "follc-roce" varieties of vegetables, ornamentals, and fruits. Local county fairs can be better orgnnized to identify local varieties still grown by the old-timers. Talk with dedicated seed-savers to identify their favorite varieties and then offer to purchase or trade for seeds when they arc available. Multiply these varieties and be sure to further distribute and "spread the wealth" to help prevent the loss of these natural treasures. Secondly, interested gardeners should seek out open-pollinated varieties and encourage their use and distribution. Try growing these varieties and selecting for plants with improved qualitic:;. Lastly. plant caretakers need to produce extra seeds to pass along to other seed-savers to encourage their increase and serve as insumnce against the loss of these irreplaceable heirlooms. Seed saving can be a simple and economical hobby. General and specific information on saving vegetable varieties can be gained from the books listed below. Seed Savers Exchange Rural Route 3, Box 239 Decorah Iowa 52I01 ($25.00 annual dues, with reduced r01esfor "reduced income" membership), specializing in plant listing ofvegetables and fruits. Native Scc<VSEARCH 3950 West New York Drive Tucson, Arizona Specializing in S011tllwest indigenous crops, such as peppers, beans, dye plants, etc. Dues $10.00 per year. COMPANIES SPECIALIZING IN OPEN-POLLINATEO/HEIRLOOM SEEDS Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Box 158-N Nonh Garden, VA 22959 Caralog $3 .00, credited to first order. Redwood City Seed Company PO Box 361 Redwood City, CA 94064 Caralog $/ .00 Bountiful Gardens (Ecology Action) 5798 Ridgewood Rd. WilliL~. CA 95490 Abundant Life Seed Foundation Box 772 Pon Townsend, WA 98368 Seeds Blum Idaho City Stage Boise, Idaho 83706 Caralog $3.00. Johnny's Selected Seeds Albion, Maine04910 Dr•wmg by Rob Mc.nick - by Lee Barnes 1'nrt, 1991 �Walking Distance Our transpotation addiction is responsible for massive ecological and social damage. Our society is built around the use of Lhe automobile. It is now necessary for most people to use a car or bus to get to work, school, to buy groceries or see most of our friends. This is a very expensive situation in currency oflife, money, environmental qualiLy and in social disruption. Our highest priority should be to establish villages and re-establish neighborhoods in which the day to day needs of the people can be met within walking distance. A pattern of local self sufficiency would have many good effects on our lives and on the environmenL Fuel use and polluLion would be cu1 dramatically and people would save a 101 of money. People be/long in a walking based society. Children grow up m greater sccuri ty, and oldt:r folks can live longer in their own homes when supported by a caring community. In local economy we empower each other as we disempower huge political and industrial cartels. Wal.king and biking as means of rransponation reintegraLc people with their environment while providing a moderate and appropriate execrcise schedule. People would live longer and be happier. Inter actions with actual people would tend Lo replace video reality. We live in a world designed for cars instead of people. In a world designed for people, kids can find enough other kids for a ballgame any day with decent wcaLher, and adults can either have the solitude of the woods or the compt1ny of friends within walking distance. Native peoples the world over have almost always chosen to live in villages. Synergy is the reason for this. a village is more than che sum of its pans. In a village there is more protection from wild animals and violent people, cooperation in labor, the sharing of resources such as ox and plow, GASOLJtlE JS A DAJ\JGEHOUS CHE},JJCA!. ADDJc·r JON. and there is the possibility of specializing for greater efficiency. Even as rteenily as the 1960's most of the people of che world lived in agricultural villages with forest and field out the back door and friends and neighbors out the fronL One of the reasons people moved to cities was that the rural villages were cultural backwaters. This has changed in an era of satellite communications and U.P.S .. Now the ideas and goods of the world are readily available in the wilds of anywhere. ANGLE: ENVIRONMENT Fifteen years ago I wrote in my journal that l had three jobs. The first was for money so I could keep a roof over my head, eat. and function in society \\ith a grasp on self-reliance. Having been a Boy Scout and raised with respect for nature and a vision of caring for it, I wanted my job 10 be a pan of an ecological wlution and not more of the problem. 8111 I remember thinking at the same time that "Job One is for money 10 pay my bills." 1 had to begin wi1h my self-reliance and forge my conscious ideas in the marketplace as l went along. Working as a mechanic. I sometimes wondered if cars weren't one of our major problems. Eventually realizing that it was true, I also had 10 keep in mind that I had learned to make them run more efliciemly. So I was able to organi:r.e my thoughts and ideas with the security my paycheck gave me to work on Job Two. For Job Two I recycll!d cars. This was more of a hobby than a job-type job. I did not do tt for money, bu1 for the environment. If I made money that was line, but I figured tha1 I would do this job as part of a solution. It was a feeling l kept in my private heart, but I knew my work muse feed it. If I wns to grow and strengthen and become a man in the business world, I had to help in designing that world for health. I was looking for my own true man rather than the businessman and trying to keep the roof over my head. So roff. 1991 ii was my goal not to let this work tax the environment in nny way, but to engage me in part of the cleanup. My own system of Earth first. In the college town where I lived, students abandoned cars everywhere. It didn't seem to mailer how simply they might be fixed, with their own studies and graduation on their minds. and maybe sights set on soon buying a new car, off into the field the old cars went. I fixed cars man>' times by putting in a new bauery. Other times I took two cars and made one good one...feeding them back into the :,ystcm... seeing that no good pans were wasted. Though technology might give belier fuel economy from year to year, we must consider the "Bic Clic" mentality in the throwaway car industry, keeping in mind the horsepower it takes and the 1ax on our environment to keep up the new car cycle. Seeing the rate at which so many of these '"dead" cars got crushed, only 10 create a demand for another ne\\ one, made Job Two feel very good environmentally. It seemed 10 go out and out. if only in my own thinking, towards my goals. My third job was solely for the environment. 1 would not use fuel nor generate money: I picked up trash. II felt so good when money was not my motivating force. People around me thought I Photovoltaics can give electricity to the most remote community. A modem rural community is an atttactive idea in a time when cities offer more in the way of crime and less in the way of cultural attractions. It is now possible to have the best of civilization and the best of rural life. The village is an idea whose time has come again. The industrial revolution has brought us great progress in many areas but the pattern of social disintegration and ecological degradation that it has fostered must be changed. Consumerism must be replaced with a more broad minded philosophy that cares about the welfare of the entire system. In a localil.ed economy there are micro-<:conomic niches for pan time bakers, appliance repair people, haircuucrs, chicken keepers, cow milkers, etc. The industrial revolution separated and scheduled life, work came to mean job, education came to mean school, and all of society came to revolve like a gear around the needs of industry. People's lives took on the same scheduled and sequenced rhythms as the assembly line. Extended families shrank into nuclear families and then to one parent families. Prosperity came to mean economic growth instead of a state of well-being. Now there are other trends at work, and these will eventually produce an age of self-sufficient villages that produce much of their own power and food and at the same time can choose co be active members of a global civilization. The world needs models for this new generation of rural community. / by Will Bason Drawing by Rob MC$~ock must have really tlipped. And though a1 fir..1, 1admit, ii did feel a little crazy, I had begun to realize "new profits" and decided 1hnl linering was indeed crazier. I also pickl!d up aluminum. There were liuer baJTCls up and down both sides of the street from my home all the way across town. So every day after work r walked and picked up paper and cans. The barrels came up like clockwork, and in them I found an aluminum mme. There was a can buyer along my route, so that was my "bank" right on my path. If I thrcatencd anyone's sensibilities, f soon didn't care. Because of the social nature of the work, I was discovering more of what mnde what tick. Before long I added up what it was costing me to go to Job One, and realized I couldn"t afford ii anymore. Since that time I've found that I cannot afford 10 work for money as my chief motivaung force. The things I do, I do for different reason5. I get a strong feeling that a lot of the problem~ in the world, the ones we inherited and the on~ \\e perpetuate, began and continue because we have been so busy making money. And as we start 10 find the things that rc3lly can s:uisfy us. we also find we don·t need so much money anymore. I've learned that sclf-n:liance actually begins with me - and not with the roof ove~ myhead. ,P' by lvo Ballentine x.ai.urui Joun\OL page 13 �SERYING TI IE OREAT LIFE These are the words of a traduionaJ Cherokee medicint ptrson: 1 have said that there are three levels of conjuring: the personal levt>I, the level of knowledge, and the spiritual level. (See Kartfoh Journal #27.) The first fonn of conjuring is the ways we know to persuade acquainmnces or people we are intimate with - every day sort of smff. The next level is conjuring by understanding how things work. what I call the laws of nmurc. The more knowledge one has at this level, the more ability one has to conjure. The highest form is the spiritual fonn or conjuring. This level requires more than lenming 10 accomplish it. One can learn how to do 11, one can completely understand how it works, and still not have the ability to make it work. The reason a person may not be able to do it is because his or her individual self is in the way. The whole key to working the higher fonm of conjuring is to get one's self out of the way. That's the hard pan. To be a conjuror requires a personality that 1s strong. willful, and persistent. Tt takes super courage 10 confront one's own self. That's the biggest enemy. the biggest monster that ever existed: our own ego. The equation for conjuring is One. There is One Spirit that flows through us all trees, plants, animals, the Eanh. That is our connection to all things. Getting our individualistic self out of the way allows us to hook into that One SP.irit. which is moving all the time. It is very difficult to get one's self out of the way, but someone who can accomplish that may use the spiritual power for conjuring. Conjuring, as I know it, corresponds most closely to the western concept of "manipulation." And in the dominant culture, manipulation has bad connotations, because people don't like to feel like they have been manipulated, when actually we arc manipulated all the time. We are manipulated by our culture. The German people were manipulated in World War Il. Americans are manipulated by capitalism and glittery, materialistic things. Many of the Jewish people a.re very tied in to their own culture and their history as a people. We arc aJI constantly being manipulated. In a world in which we a.re manipulated all the time, conjuring can be very useful. The conjuror can heal people. The conjw-or can heal people who might otherwise be dead. The conjuror can interfere with their fate. For instance, in this culture it's absolutely terrifying 10 be told, "You have Xotuan Journal p!MJC 14 cancer." Cancer is known to be so bad and usually fatal. When a doctor tells a patient he or she has cancer, it's devastating. ln some cases people stan dying right away. They surrender and relinquish them~elves to the disense. The will dies. Doctors can't usually do much about cancer. But the mind and the spirit together are so powerful that somerimes they can make a cure. Sometimes they can provoke the spirit of the Physician Within to heal a person, And one does that through conjuring. If a conjuror is successful, it's amazing what can happen. Sometimes conjuring on the third level produces results that seem impossible 10 people who arc looking at it from an conventional viewpoint. What they see cannot be explained in a rational, linear way. ''Magic comes when all doubt is cleared from the mind." I don't see events th:11 occur on the spiritual levels as magic. I see them as facts - events that can happen all the time. They only seem extraordinary to people who are caught up in the physicaJ, materialistic, self-oriented culture. Healing may appear to be magic and mystical, but it isn't. It's a law of nature. Everyone has the capacity and the ability to do this if they can get their own self out of the way. A conjuror can also do terrible things. He or she can do absolutely hideous, horrible things to other people. The same energy that can heal someone can be used 10 make another person to sick - just by reversing the process. But in my experience of watching people who had the ability to use that power, the majority of them never did horrible or terrible things. The simple reason was: the consequences. There is karma, and it affects one's spirit. Misusing spiritual power is one way to destroy the spirit, kill it. How could that not affect someone spiritually? Sending a sickness used to be called "spoiling the saliva." The old peoRle believed that the spit was the secret way to a person's spirit. They believed that by spoiling the saliva they could make a person's spiri1 sick, and then, since everything is connected, the biological or emotional being would also become sick. The conjuror used to concentrate on the saliva. using it as the focus point for a strong meditation. When a conjuror is using a spiritual form of conjuring, he sees himself, his real self. He then visualizes the Whole, and sees himself dissipate into the Whole. The thought that he takes with him is of the saliva of the person he is conjuring. When he rerums with the saliva spoiled, he sends it back 10 the person, and the person gets sick. Using the spiritual fonn of conjuring is definitely interfering with fate. It is the fate of all of us to die, yet 1 know people who were healed from their cancer after being given up for lost by the western physicians. That's interfering with fa1e. There are consequences 10 interfering with fate, and the consequences could be positive, or they could be negative. Conjurors don't feel that the spiritual burden of interfering in someone's life rests on thcm. When they are asked to do things, they do just what somebody asks them. The person who requests the conjuring is the one who picks up on the good or bad consequences of the act, not the conjuror that's our reality. Conjurors consider themselves to be like the pistol in a murder, and, by asking chem, their diem pulls the trigger. h's not the pistol that goes on trial, it's the trigger-puller who goes on trial. In tribal times the conjuror was honor-bound to carry out any fequest. The tribe used to set apart people to be good hunters, chippers of arrowheads, or com ~ planters. That was their task in life. A medicine per.;on was set apart 10 conjure, LO be a healer, or to be a priest - and there could be no personal limits set on ii. The only request a conjuror could refuse was one lhat would require him or her to hurt the Great Life, the Whole. lf someone asked me to conjure the State of Nonh Carolina to let them dump their toxic waste along the highway or 10 poison the river, I would be injuring the Great Life. I could refuse. Otherwise. a conjuror relinquished his responsibility. Still, there were ways to get out of conjunng acts that one considered distasteful. One way was 10 get the client to participate in the conjuring as much as possible. A conjuror could drag it out for several days to test their will. Often a person would change their mind in two or three days. Or the conjuror could have the person do some things that didn't absolutely necessary need to h:lppen. "Get me a cenain plant up on Clingman's Dome. There's a li1t1e rock up under there with some moss that grows on it. You have to be there in two hours, and you have 10 hop in from the north on one leg," and when they brought that, he would say, "I need this one other thing. You need to wade across the river and..." There were always means 10 slow people down and make them think about their actions. As a lasl reson a conjuror could say, "My will is not going to be into this, and I don't know how effective this is going to be. I suggest you go sec another medicine person." Because conjuring is manipulation, the 'Fn(l., 199\ �11 idea seems negative and threatening LO many people of Lhe western culture. But who is 10 tell what is positive and what is negative? One would have to have a seer in order 10 know before the fact. As an example, neighbors often do Lhings against neighbors when they have bad feelings and resenonems. A medicine person could do mild fonns of conjuring which would relieve them of their bad feelings toward their neighbor, because they felt that they'd taken action. In the long run, it could possibly be more positive to do some superficial conjuring than to let those people sit around with their resenunents festering and their bad feelings gening stronger and stronger. It's a psychological and emotional pressure release. It's hard to try to justify that to western people. It could conceivably be a positive action to cause somebody 10 get sick. In the culture that we live in, there is no excuse to relinquish responsibility to go out and smell the flowers and just be. Sickness is the only valid excuse. And sometimes there's so much stress and pain in the lives of people involved with the dominant culture that they will create a sickness just 10 meet that need to relinquish responsibility. A good healer shouldn't limit him or herself to biological matters; a good healer shouldn't limit him or herself to social matters. A good healer should understand that there isn't anything in this culture that will let us relinquish responsibility but being sick. He or she is a priest A healer should be able 10 say, "Listen, take a week off. Go to the beach, do what you like 10 do." Conjunng • manipulation - is good when it serves the Great Life. That's the governing principle. Through the whole process, the conjuror has 10 keep the ego out. Of course, it is true that "Where I go, ego." There's a very fine balance there. I am constantly asking myself the question, "Who does this serve? Who does this serve?" Because if l felt I was acting just to serve myself and my ego, I would stop immediately. Conjuring puts one in a position of power, but it has to be done without a sense of power. Working on the spiritual level is powerful, bul if the conjuror is receiving a sense of power, rhen he is manipulating the situation for his own individualistic intereSt One of the ways you can tcU a good healer or a good priest is that they just act They do n0t think that ii might be benefiting them. They accept it as pan of their individual spiritual path. Things just keep happening. Each incident could be a challenge, a test. a blessing, a joy, or ail of these things. Myself, rm not special. rm a human being, trapped in a body that eats, shits, suffers, and die~ just like everyone else. And sometimes it's a curse and sometimes it's a blessing, but that's just the way it is. I accept iL This role of medicine person has been something that I needed spiritually. It's been an ego challenge for me. There have been times in my life when I've wanted 10 manipulate people for my own gain - and known that I could have done it. Without the slighiest bit of doubt, l knew I could get what I wanted from these people simply because I understood things that they didn't understand. But I felt that doing that would damage me in some way. It wasn't worth the immediate gratification. It just wasn't worth it. People who are conscious, really conscious, cannot be conjured or manipulated in any way. But most people can be conjured because their mind is someplace else constantly. I have yeL to run across one person whom l couldn't conjure 111 some time in their lives. I have met gurus and ail other sons of people, and at some point each of them would slip into self, or imponance, or "my trip," or some other negative state. Yes, it would be wonderful ro live in a world where people were so clear that they could n0t be manipulated or conjured. That would be the ultimate goal. But we are going to have to be more advanced than we are, much more advanced. I hope that we can reach that point. It's one of those things that are possible for the future. Things wiU be different when people stan seeing that we are pan of a living / organism, the Great Life. A Rotting Log Call ii a waste. Call it a shame. And you are numb to this other life. 1lusoldoak has barely had lime to die. Alre.idy mushrooms grow through mosses against hues of amber, brown, and gold. A snake is rurll!tl up in a hole beneath her weight. A bear will winter ,n the heart twelve feet h11,h where lhe trunk broke off from the bottom. To build a ncsl a woodrat crawls into the ca,,ty. To her life and dl'alh smell the same. And arthropods th:it h\'c nowhcN! else arc mo\'ing through the 50h wood, laying eggs. Thl'Y too arc dymg. Ra,pt,crrics ,ind gr.ire:, grow up around for slw ha!> falkn hgh1 1s ll't into the for<.'SI. Four years from now t"-o nroms will fall to grow on this rothng log I win trees c,f the same mothc-r. This de.ith 1s so ferule. The fc,rcst keeps its promises. PholO by Rob Mcss,cl. rnrr. 1'191 J(ntunh Jou111n[ pnlJC 15 �i., , .. • vJ -,,..f...,.,. ..i.:J •• . J - \ , • •• •1 . ,, •--1r, .,~;..,, ._ ... . •••\,,11,io.., .. .... ... ;., . . . . . . . , • " .. /2,. .....,.,.~')·. .·," :, ·'·' r. .,,,. -:J.l· . ' • f ~ CT •• .. ' ~ ~1/8 , \ . ~ ..'!:,.•jl':t'tt._-t:. .1• .. .,,. • ,.. .·, ... 4'J,-·~,. I.. • t.'·..1 r 1 •r • RANOL~f}tu>URNAL ·:·t· ,,. ·~• 4J,. G .... . ·-~~ . ,....... ,/'I ;,.~···"'",. BIOREGIONAL BURNABLE OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS Livin' By Their Wits It sure is a stitch watchin' all these "back-to-the-land" people and the tourists come to the mountains lookin' for serenity and a good life. Those poor young folks come here with these notions of raisin' a family and havin' a piece of land 10 work. while at the some time they're in need of a high payin' job to get the land and the house. Why the prices those tourists can afford are enough to drive anybody whose been here a while right through the roof! Not only do they come with these high minded ideas about doin' everything the organic way. like that was some kind of religion or somethin'. half the time they don't even know the basics of tendin' a place and they st:ut belly•achin' cause the works too hard, or the bugs are drivin' um crazy, or they can't get things happenin' the way they wan't um 10 in the first couple years. I know dern well we can't go back to the old subsistance days like they were when my folks grew up here. I guess I have to give some of these young people a little credit for tryin' to find a good way 10 live with the land. But they always seem to be squablin' amongst themselves about somthin' or another. One wants to live on a piece of land with a bunch of other people. while another is satisfied to stick it out where they are. Most of um can't figure out where they want their kids raised either. and there's hardly a school they feel is fiuin' 10 send um to. h seems like when I was raised it was a little clearer where a person stood. Livin' by your wits wasn't just some nice thing to do on the weekends, it was your bread and butter. Usually it was our of necessity that cenain people did ccnain things so a family could survive. Nowadays theres all these splinteriud groups like feminislS, environmentalistS, pro-business factions, and government people tryin' 10 tell everybody what they think is besL I think they're all too big for their britches if you ask me. Men sum beho.vin' like women and women start behavin' like men; the timber people and these self-appointed environmental rescue squads go at each other; these dem franchises come in and pay people next 10 nothin' while the money moves off to far away places; and college trained officials from down in the piedmont come and show off the version of zoning 1ha1 seems to suit um best. It all seems like some big jumbled mess to me. As long as everybody is in it for themselves I don't see how we are ever goin' to conduct ourselves in such a way that families survive, and schools can be places of leamin', and govemmenlS don't have their hands in everybody's business. It's like there's too many vultures buzz.in' around these mountians and not enough decent folk to talce care of um and protect um. 1(.Qtuar~)ou.rna1 p09e 10 Some of these back-to-the-lander types are more than a linle spoiled 100. They come from cities where things seemed to be fed to um all the time. They kinda remind me of tourists thar hang around a little longer till the money dries up. or their kids move away, or they get tired of it and they leave. rew of um have the backbone 10 make it through hard times, but some of um learn how 10 li<aen to the mountainside and how it can provide medicines, food, warer. and materials for shelter if they don't me~s around 100 much with its own state. There's a lot of leamin' in store for um if they take a likin' to it, but most of um get huffy and impatient. l just hope that if the cities start havin' more problems and geuin' more congested that they all don't keep comin' here thinkin' there's some easy life just waitin' for um. Maybe its good that mountain life is hard. But that ain't goin' 10 stop um from comin' 10 have a look. that is as long as the price of gas holds out. recorded by Rob Messick An Old Family Tale My mother's youngest brother, James Francis Dresenbury. came 10 Conway, SC 10 visit his sisters and brothers when I was a linle girl. One day he gathered all his nieces and nephews together and told this tale of a happening when he was a little boy. He began by praising his mother for her thrift and saving ways. made necessary by the ume just after the War Between the States. Then he told us it wa.,; the time of year when cherries were ripe. The trees had a bumper crop and a bushel or more had been seeded and made into cherry preserves. The seeds had been left on the back porch for several days. One morning my grandmother told a little helper boy 10 empty these seeds into the chicken ya.rd. The next time anyone noticed the chickens they were all lying prone around the yard. Grandmother was not only sorry to lose her prized chickens. but since she did not know what had kilkd them. she could make no use of the meat. But she decided she would not have 10 lose the feathers too • so they brought the chickens in and plucked the feathers to use in pillows and feather beds. The chickens were thrown our into the yard to be buried later. About an hour after that, someone exclaimed, "Look at the chickens!'' They were gawking and walking around stark naked. Their little tipsy spell had worn off! The sun was beaming hotly and 10 keep them from getting sunburned, the girls took some calico and made clothes for them. by Bess Hwbison The Slide lt was a hot day in nonheastern Tennessee. Leslie had been bugging her parents for hours 10 take her and her little brother to a campsite with a water slide. After driving for hours, the family finally found one and pulled in. Leslie's dad paid the fee and made some small talk with the rotund female auendant. After they chose a spot and got the camp ready for the night Leslie's mom let her get her swimming suit on. At long last she took her younger brother by the hand and \\Cnl over to the big double tunneled water slide that emptied into a cool pool. Her brother wus more than a little scared at the idea of whizzing around in these coiled slippery runnels. so Leslie 1old him to stay at the pool while she went to the top where au the action got staned. She saw the water gushing out of the pipe when she got to the top. and the excitement was growing inside her. The man watching the entry instructed her 10 lean into the curves and off she went. She squealed with excitement around the first bank. Then aU the sudden the people at the pool noticed a distinct change in the pitch of her squeals. They had transformed into blood curdling yells, as her brother and some other grown-ups watched her come 10 the end of the ride twirling a large copperhead above her head like a wild laso rope. As she hit the water her grip on the snake loosened and it was flung into the woods, where presumably it got away unharmed. That water slide has been closed ever since. by Rob Messick How Can You Lose Anything as Big as This Ego? Back in my formative years. Actually a little after what is considered the normal formative years in terms of physical maturity. but 001 in mental maturity, or emotional or spiritual or whatever you want to call that other pan of us that isn't the meat. Of course, I'm still in my formative years for that other thing. or stuff, and probably always will be. Hopefully. a1 least. I wonder how many parenthetical thoughts you're allowed 10 hnve in a row? Sometimes I think all of my thoughts are parenthetical. And so on. Anyway, back in my formative years during college, when r became exposed to a world of ideas and the evolution or revolu110n of the human being. Being human. f vowed 10 become a better person. By God, or nature. or whatever, I was' going to become a near perfect human being! raft. 199 1 �No one is perfect. The fust step on that evolurion, I learned, was to lose your ego. r should have seen it coming. The idea of striving to be perfect and at the same time losing your ego is, to put it lightly, a quagmire. Perhaps the contradiction is obvious. The closer you feel (your ego feels) that you (your ego) is corning closer 10 perfection, the beuer your ego feels. In fact, it's damn pround of itself. And the bigger it grows. I suppose that is the pitfall the mystics always talk abouL 111ey always warn amid their other mumbo jumbo that all of this mumbo jumbo, and ego losing, can be dangerous. I never understood that. Sitting, contemplating one's navel, or chakras, or marimbas or whatever. Never seemed very threatening to me. It now occurs to me, that what is really dangerous, and what they were probably talking about, is thinking, or suffering from the delusion, that one is actually losing their ego. That's because, while you think you're losing your ego, it's actually growing. And your life becomes a hypocrisy. In other worlds, you think you're o ne thing but you 're actually 1he opposite. Which leads 10 lots of embarrassing moments when you're suddenly acting unlike the perfec1 person you arc supposed tO be. As a matter of fact you're acting like a perfect asshole, but you're ego's so big that it's in control and won't let you blame it. As a ma uer of fact, it's telling you that it doesn't even exist. A clever subterfuge to keep the rest of your meat ignorant of the fact that everything it's doing is to feed this ego that's grown so large it needs constant nourishment to keep from collupsing into a stinking rotten heap that can be smelled by anyone within visual distance. So it blames others. It couldn't be because you're selfish. Only people with egos are selfish. You don't have an ego so it must be them. It couldn't be because you're not envious. Only people with egos are envious. You don't have an ego. So they must be assholes. Eventually. everybody becomes an asshole, except yourself, of course, and the world no longer deserves your unselfish administrn1ions of good works. Actually, 1he whole damn world can go to hell in a handbasket, for all you care. because you have your own world which is your ego, which by now has grown 10 the size of a small plane1oid. I measured mine recen1ly, when arter ten years I found i1 hiding behing the nas1y remarks I was making 10 my wife in order, I have since learned, 10 make pillars for my enormous ego 10 rest on since it had grown so large that even in the airy netherworld of egos, it could no longer suppon its own weight. It is currenly the size of Pluto. How did all this come abou1? rnnocently enough, at least if you were 10 ask FausL It was initiated by a commendable desire. I wanted 10 become an enlightened individual who would nunure the splendorous miracle of life and make it reveal its most beau1iful aspects 10 me and those around me, and eventually the whole damn world. Yes. l was going to improve the general lot of humankind through the exercise of my perfec1ed egolcss will. Of course, it would take me a few years to reach this state. The method by which I would reach it was meditation and aceticism. Hedonism, raCC., 1991 ac.rually. We!I, a[rcr all, I wasn't going 10 nuss out on hfe JUSt because of this ego crap. And soon. Actually, just pure naked experience was my goal, and women. I was actually the product of a damaged ego. Damaged by was doing. Of course, it probably assumed from past experience that if l did know I would have stepped in somehow and screwed up the whole process. Which I think is the whole point of meditation - gcniog yourself out of the way so that you can just constant female reJection during those aforementioned formative years, meat and 01herwise. So I strutted my naked experience among the dregs of society. Playing wi1h 1hem. parrying with them, but always (of course) somehow feeling above it all. Superior. Each day expanding my awareness through mcdiiation ... consciousness expansion (i.e. ego expansion). Whal is ;1 human being without ego? Whom am I, anyhow? A boneless chicken. And so on. All throughout my stru1 I was doing great acts. Or so I thought. Trying to s1op nuclear weapons by having a conference of six hippie college students in West Virginia, and sleeping with the best looking one after she played wilh my knee under the.: table. Didn't do much to stop nuclear weapons, but it did wonders for my ego. More fuel for the fire Very linle effect on world peace. But a great person (i.e. perfect human being. Don'1 forget, that was my destination) must do great things. Or at least things with the stamp of greatness to feed 1hnt giant ego which I was supposed to be losing. What I was losing, was my meat. I staned 10 gel quite thin. This ou1sized ego, which I had convinced myself. was diminishing, drove me 10 do all kinds of ~trnnge things. II used my intellect to r.itionaliz.e every ego foeding acl as a philanthropic act. It used my meal 10 take it places where it could feed . But it didn't feed on organisms, ii fed on ~piri1s. As I said, I now realized 1hat this was, all along. the pl:in of a severely damaged ego (an ego which had been victimized and punished again and again for no apparent reason, by a very confused piece or meat), to save icself. First, confuse the meat with all types of inscrutJble mysuc mumbo jumbo and convince it that you are leaving entirely. Next, make the meat go into self-induced comas periodically so it won't be aware of you as you sneak back in and take con1rol of nerve central. Then make the meat go ou1 and do all kinds of things with the veneer of goodness. no matter how ineffcetual the acts are. Make the meat think it is on a Godly mission, maybe even a messenger or disciple of God, so that it's willing to put up with all kinds of nasty physical deprivations, while the ego feeds, and feeds, and feeds. Now don't get me wrong, I'm not saying this is all bad. My ego did need fixing. I just wish it had let me know what it take over. But now it really has gotten om of hand. My ego has grown much to large and has become an independent agent which seems 10 care little, if a1 all, for myself, and only keeps my meal around so tha1 it can have corporality. But I chink its beginning to be confused. For instance, it can't understand why world leaders haven'! noticed its magnimity and come to it for advice. Of course it probably has something 10 do with the fact that it has ignored its meat to the point that it has got it working in a sewer plant. Maybe tha1 is all pan of its mas1cr plan. It stuck me in a sewer plant shoveling shit, and gave me a beautiful little boy and wife, to show me, finally, that it really isn't gone, but is actually the.: size of Pluto. Really much too big 10 ever be s:uisfied. It needs to trim itself down. Get back to fighting weight. Big egos are seldom happy. They're always hungry. Maybe I really can lose it this time. Maybe the stink of the plant will drive it away. Maybe I need to meditate, not on my connection 10 the cosmos. but on the true insignificance or my acts 10 the world at large. and the very real significance of my acts 10 one very litulc boy and one very ~pccial woman. The only good things my ego ever did for me. Actually working at a sewer plant has probably done more to help me lose my ego 1h.in all the meditation and good acts could ever do. Not JUSI because of the work, but because of the male bonding of 1he work crew, which consists of the mutual destruction of self-wonh. Maybe it's due 10 an inherent understanding 1hey have of the immensi1y o( the male ego, and they practice this form of humiliaton 10 keep it in check. While we of the enlightened new age SIJ'Oke each others ego. until they devour our very relationships. In any evem, my ego is now shrieking. Ifs starved, and it has revealed itself. It can no longer hide (amazing that something as big as Pluto could hide all that time). Though, actually, I think everyone else could see it. Everytime I looked around, however, 10 see what they were looking at. it ducked ·· out of the way. Preuy nimble for such a big fellow'/' /J!f by Maxim Didgct �.. ,J.''',• ' , .... - Mountair t .u Near Todd at a bend on the New Rh·er there is a spot b-.nown as Peggy's Hole. It was named that because of an incident that occured there at the beginning of the 1800's. An elderly woman named Peggy Clauson \Vas going to church on Sunday morning when she saw a dog run a bear off a cliff at that spot. The bear landed in the water and was stunned. Peggy waded in, grabbed the bear by the ears and held its head under the water until the bear was drowned . ~ .... T..-.i. ,.,; .. ~ ... 'lb. 11- .-11... ... ... ~ . _ - p"'!!:'I,> !>..lo li-.,.._......1:Do.t..,__.,_-,..:,:-».t~ °" ~-----' r~ :.,_...., .. """ ,._ .. ~... ... ~ c!-i<iDo1t..,.t11.i-'l....w -.i-.J f-m p,....z11oo.~.jt>.-.. - .....-i,;1:)-i, - ~ ~ ... - i.. • - - - ~ :u. ..... L\~ .... .....l ~J.l. a.;.~-.. .,.J:;,.. ....:;r..l,1>.i..o.....-.i..-...J. ~tJfl..- ...i..t I,.. -~ • An old lady near Canton told me her grandfather was hiking near Shining Rock when he was a young man. A panther started following him. I Ie started running and the panther sped up. To slow him do""'ll, lhe man took off his shirt and threw it down. The panthc>r stopped long enough to rip it to shreds, then started chasing him again. The man kept throwing his clothes down as he ran down the mountain. By the time he got home, he was completely naked. This series of paintings came about while 1 was hiking and drawing in remote areas of the mountains of Western North Carolina. There I met mosUy older people who had grown up in the Southern Appalachians. Many of these people were very friendly and once a conversation started, they would communicate their knowledge of an area by telling stories. These paintings are not meant to be illustrations of the stories, but a freer form that incorporates commentary, associations, my own subjeclive reactions, and elaboration on the images provided by the story and its place of origin. I'm attempting to develop a fonn between illustration and pure painting. As each day passes, we tend to lose our intimate connection to the Earth, and also �n Stories ..", , I 1, by Robert Johnson At Cranberry when the old folks there ~ere young, the parents used to tell them that the pools of water in the iron mines didn't have a bottom. If they ever became unstopped, all the water would go rushing out and take the children, all the people and the whole town of Cranberry with it. I asked a young man how Standing Indian Mountain got its name. He said. "1 don't know. I guess an Indian just stood there." I asked a middle-aged man. He said, "During the Civil War a band of Cherokee Indians fought bravely here and stood up to the enemy." I asked an old man. He said, "Before white men came here, Lhere was a monster who lived on Lhe mountain and would carry off people. So the tribe posted a brave up on the mountain to keep watch. The thunder spirit saw Lhe monster creeping up on the brave and sent down a bolt of lightening, shattering rocks, destroying the monster, and turning the brave to stone. Today one can see shattered rocks and a stone Indian on top of the mountain." stories like these that come from the pre-industrial culture of the Southern Appalachians. These simple but powerful stories have an almost mythical quality, and they embody a connection between the land and oral knowledge of the land, which is a culture that is dying out. This project is my attempt to get to know Lhese stories and to keep them alive a while longer. Robert Johnson's paintings of ''Mountain Stories" are on display until September 27th 1991 at the Blue Spiral I Gallery; 38 Biltmore Avenue; AshevilJe, NC 28801 (704) 251-0202. The paintings will later be shown in the six counties from which the stories came: Yancey, Macon, Haywood, Ashe, Avery and Rutherford. �, ~~TER~HEQ.JWI..J?.S" ,,,.,.,t. NIIIUnl World News Service In 1989 the Water Supply Watershed Protection Act sailed through the Nonh Carolina legislature. The bill w~ passed unanimously in the Senat~ and 1ll .~e House there were only six votes ~ opposmo~. !he legislation enacted protecnons for mumCJpal drinking water supplies so that n~w . development did not endanger Lhts basic resource. . , In August, 1991 North Carolinas Deparnnent of Environmental Management (DEM) held public hearings across the Slate on the implementation of the new water regulations. Public reaction was . unprecedented. Across the state the heanngs were long and stormy. Each of the eight meetings drew more than l.~ people. The hearings in Asheville and Hickory were anended by more than 1,500 people each. The state was completely unprepared for the surge of public interesL In Hickorx, the . meeting site was changed 10 ~ locan~n with a larger capacity, but after heaTlllg tesumon~ for one full day the speaking roster ~s soil only one-half completed and the heanng had 10 be continued at a later date. There was clearly-defined, and sometimes biller, controversy at the watershed protection hearings. The theory of the Watershed Protection Act is that development must be contr0lled in . watersheds that provide drinking water in . order to protect the purity of the supply. This raised the boogie of land use management, the "Z word - zoning," in the mind of many traditionally conservative landowners and farmers. Some saw the bill as a direct threat 10 their property rights. Others saw it as the first step in an insidious government plan to gradually enact a full set ofland use management contr0ls. As ~'lolly Di~gins of the state Sierra Club orgamzauon said, "Where locru governmcntc; should be seeing 'protection,' many are seeing only 'restriction."' Development interests played on these fears with a concencd public outreach campaign, and aroused a strong opposition to the w:uer protection measures. These . . interests see a loss of profil in any rcstncuon of development The opposing pole at the public hearings were environmentalists who supponed the protective regulations and protested that they were not strong enough. Agricultural and silvicultural opcr.itions should be regulated as strictly as construction, they said. Presently the rules provide water bodies only a IO foot buffer against agricultural activities, which often _arc major sources of erosion and wnter polluuon, whereas buildings have to be outside a 100 foot buffer around protected streams. There was also concern that "grandfather" clauses. under which existing buildings and projects would be exeml)t from the provisions of the watershed protecuon measures, would weaken the regulations to the point of uselessness. Also supporting the regulations were town residents who did not take a supply of pure drinking water for granted and wanted 10 ensure protection of their !Own wa_ter supplies in the face of ever-encroaching X.Otuof, Journal'. poge 20 development. This round of the drinking water protection fight is not yet over. ln light of the controversy generated by the regulations, the DEM has extended the public comment period on the watershed protection regulations until October 31. It is particularly imponant that the DEM hears from the people of the mountain region. Direct co=nt.f 10: Sttvt Zoufaly Division of Environ~IUQI Management 8ox29535 Raleigh. NC 27626. YES MORE WILDERNESS! N1111r.il World Nev-s Sa-vice Saturday, July 6, one of the bu~iest rafting days of the year, there mystenously appeared across the Nantahala River a long banner saying "Yes More Wilderness! Save Cheoah Baldi" Rafters taking out downstream were met by activists from the organi1ation SouthPA W requesting responses for a "Forest Service Evaluation Sheet." . "Did you know that the Forest Service is planning a timber sale only 1/2 mile above the Nantahala and within sight of the river?" More than 95% did not know "Do you think that the Cheooh Bald . area, the: largest unprotected roadies.~ area in the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests should be allowed to return 10 old growth?" 99% thought it should. "Do you think that the Forest Service should stop logging in the national forests?" 98% thought they should. South PAW struck again at Forest Service credibility at the agency's Reanalysis Checkpoint meeting concerning the re-evaluation of the Land and Resource Management Plan for the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests. South PAW calJed for a boycou of the meeting, saying that the Forest Service refused lO consider the relevant ecological issues in its planning. The meeting was billed as a scoping meeting, but a SouthPAW handout said "Wrong End of the Scopel" declaring that the Forest Service had its priorities reversed, since it seemed to be more interested in sellin-g,tirpbgr:,tJw!,pwJe:C~Jlll~~// i, diversity o( the forest. In the flier the group reiterated their position that the national forcstS in the Kaninh Province should be habitat areas free from roads and commercial exploitation. There were about equal numbers of people inside and outside the Owen Conference Center at the University of Nonh Carolina Asheville where the Forest Service meeting was held. But in C<?n~st _10 the restrained and orderly mcenng ms1de the building, those out on the lawn boisterously chanted, laughed, and played drums and kazoos. At lunch time the activists congregated at the student open forum in the lobby of lhe university center to hear Buddy Newman read lhe alternative forest protection plan he authored for SouthPAW. Nantahala-Pisgah Forest Supervisor Bjorn Dahl was among the audience listening 10 the proposal and later invited South PAW representatives to a meeting with Forest Service personne! to discuss 10 their ideas for the Appalachian forests. To take action on behalf oftlu: Appalachian forest habitat. write: SouthPAW Ba:d/41 Aslu:ville, NC 28802 KILLING Lm'LE FISH NIIUnll Wodd News Scrv,cc A series of five different spills over a seven month period last year that dumped untreated wastewntcr, oils, and concentrated foams into the Pigeon River will cost the Champion International paper mill in Canton, NC $60,000. These are the first fines ever levied against the company by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).. According to Champion .~pokespe:Son David Craft the mishaps were the first m recent mem~ry" at the plant. The ftrst spill, of an unknown quantity of untreate~ wast~":'ater, was evidently the most damaging, killing, according 10 Craft, "270 little fish." Croft_ maintained th:u neither the foam nor the oils were hazardous to human or aquatic life. Champion had originally faced a $125,000 fine from the EPA;the m~imu~ allowed by law. However, after meeung wuh mill officials last February and March, t11e agency downgraded the fine. The company representatives maintained that Champion should not be assessed the full fine because the spills were caused by malfunctioning equipment and not by human error or deliberate neglect The EPA seemed to agree. Craft said that another reason for the reduced fine was evidence that "Champion has taken steps 10 mitigate the damage," from skimming escaped oil off the nvcr banks to closing the malfunctioning valves that Champion maintains caused four of !he spills. However, the EPA also penalized Champion for failing to file a formal repon of one of the spills within the required five days, an oversight Craft blamed on an "administration problem." Oaft said that Champion would probably not appeal the fin 7 "~e.~o bel!eve that the amount of the fine 1s fair, he said, calling the accidentS "a series of unintentional and unrelated failures within the mill." 1'c:afL, t99l �NEW PERSPECTI•VES 0N TRE "~'· CHATTOOGA .. Natural World News Sctvice EnvironmcntaJ groups from three states and three national forest administrative areas have combined 10 form the Chanooga River Watershed Coalition (CRWC). The Chatto0ga is a beautiful river, one of the most popular recreational rivers in the Karuah Province. Pan of itS length has been designated a Wild and Scenic River, and a large tract in its headwaters area beneath Devil's Courthouse near Highlands, NC was recently bought by the Trust for Public Land and transferred to the US Forest Service 10 preserve its pristine character. The CRWC has wriuen an alternative Land and Resource Management Plan for the watershed which they are requesting the US Forest Service 10 adopt. The plan is important, first of all, because it proposes a unified forest management program based on watershed boundaries, rather than along state or national forest tines. At present, the Chauooga watershed is managed under three different, and somerimes conflicting, national forest management plans. "A landscape with natural ecological integrity is the desired future condition of the watershed," says the CRWC proposal. The coalition suggests a new, standardized management unit, the Ecosystem Management Area, 1hat would base management on complete forest habitats rather than on timber sale companmems. The CRWC is requesting a meeting with Forest Service supervisors and regional and national personnel to discuss implementing their plan in the Chattooga watershed. interest. the DO.Ii e11ct&fup with nver four days of testimony which they scheduled concurrently in auditoriums in two different locations over a two-day period. ("Divide and conquer," said one activist. "It's an old tactic.") Attendance at the hearings ,vas about equally divided between opponems of the plan and workers from Oak Ridge nuclear facilities bussed to the hearing from work. Although the workers, wearing T-shirts saying "Complex 21" superimposed over n map of Tennessee. made their presence felt, of the 376 speakers more than 68% were opposed to the pluronium plant, in the estimate of the Oalr. Ridger newspaper. The testimony was sometimes brilliant, always heartfelt. Speakers talked about cancer risks. damage 10 the environment, the possibility of nuclear accidents, and the need for disarmament now that the primary adversary had dropped out of the game. In the afternoon of the second day srudents from Oak Ridge schools testified a1 the hearings. One student presented a petition with 65 names of students against Complex 21 in Oak Ridge or anywhere else on Eanh. Several high school students also testified at the hearings, all opposed to the planL The DOE will ruei~t written comme111s 011 tht Rocky Flats pluto11ium plant rdocatio11 until Ocrotn~r 30. Mail r.omme111s to the Dtpartmi!fll of Energy. clo: Oak Ridgt E11vira11111t11tal and Ptace Alliance Box 1101 KnoX\/ille. TN 37901 T~ Chattooga Riw!r Wattrs~d Coalitio11 Box368 Clayton, GA 30525 PLUTONIUM OR. .. NO! Narun! World Ne..,, Service "Please let me introduce myself. I am Plutonium, the God of unnatural death and suffering." The black-robed figure with the grisly skcleial face stood before the impassive bureaucrats presiding at the "Reconfiguration of the Nuclear Weapons Complex" hearings in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. At issue was the future of the nation's nuclear weapons program, specifically the plutonium processing facilities at Rocky Flati., Colorado. The plant has contaminated its site in Colorado and has to move. The DOE is considering locating it either at Oak Ridge or the Pantex plant near Amarillo, Texas. For the first rime ever, the Depanment of Energy (DOE) had called for public input on the future of the program. The agency scheduled 15 hearings around the country. TheorericaJly, they would listen 10 what was said and consider the opinions offered in their program and policy decisions. People responded, aroused through the effons of area peace groups spearheaded by the Oak Ridge Environmenuu and Peace Alliance. The hearings were scheduled to last one day. Because of the outpouring of public Tai(, 199 1 "WE DON'T BUY YOUR LINE" The Appalachian Power Company wants to build a 765,000 volt power line through southern Wes1 Virginia and southwestern Virginia. The tine is ostensibly 10 provide extra power in Richmond and 1he eastern pan of the state of Virginia. To sell their idea, the ucility company se1 up a series of hearings along the line's proposed route. They met with solid opposition aJI along the way. The company came to the meetings well-prepared. They brought a 30 page handout, coinplett Willi ~li~.'gl-Jphs:'~d maps. They also distributed a report. "Faces on EMF' (electromagnetic fields) to dispute scientific evidence that high volrage Lines cause genetic damage and degenerative disease. But the people were not buying it More than 50 people opposed to the power line showed up at the meeting in Giles County, VA and 300 people attended the meeting in New Castle, VA. Another meeting in Hinton, WV also brought out strong opposition to the line. A meeting in Monroe County, WV was canceled because hearing officers feared violence. The meeting was rescheduled, however, and 300 people peacefully declared their strong opposition 10 the power line. As well as health concerns, people attending the hearings feared that herbicide spraying would contaminate their water supplies, and that the power lines would mar the scenic beauty of their area, which they considered an imponant asset. Critics also questioned the value of the plan, saying that the new power line would encourage higher levels of energy consumption and sidetrack attempts to promote energy conservation. Baud 011 a report ill the New River Free Pre,;.,;, available from Box 846: Blacksburg. VA 24063. 1165 MEGAWATTS OF POLLUTION Nawn.I World New. ScMc:e The Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League (BREDL) is warning thar Duke Power Company is planning to build a 1165 megawau electric generating plant in Lowesville, NC in the piedmont county of Lincoln. The plant would be fined to operate on either diesel fuel or natural gas, but the primary fuel source would be diesel. When running on diesel fuel, the plant would tum out 4,278 pounds of sulfur dioxide per hour, according to BREDL director Janet Hoyle. Sulfur dio,ude is a main component of the complex of pollutants that produces acid rain. The plant is proposed as a peak power generating plant. meaning that it would only operate at times of peak power demand when electricity is most profitable. Duke originally asked that the plant be allowed to operate 3,500 hours per year, but later reduced their request 10 2,000 hours per year. The proposed site for the plant is 56 miles southeast of the Linville Gorge Wildeme:.s .Arca. Data collecred by Duke Power and the NC Department of Environmental Management (DEM) show that prevailing wind patterns would bring the acidifying pollution directly into the Class I wilderness area. In their initial application. Duke admitted that operating at 3,500 hours per year, the plant would inetcase acid deposition in Linville Gorge 400-500%. Even at the scaled-back operating time, acid pollution from the plant would be considerable. The US Fore.st Service will have the right to review the plant to see if it would adversely affect the air quality of the gorge. For mare information· Bl~ Ridgt E,wironmenra/ Dtfe11St uag~ Box8JJ Gltndalt Spr111gs. NC 28906 �DYING SOILS, DYING WATERS: Natural World r-iews SPECIAL REPORT Pollution, Collusion, and the Future of the Eastern Forests by Emmett Greendigger The 1990 Clean Air Acl seemed to many citizens to be a sign that lhe federal government would finally begin to rectify a decade of willful neglect of envirorunenlal issues. Now, however, little more than a year after the act's passage, scientists are beginning to conclude that the reductions in atmospheric emissions mandated by the bill will not be sufficient to protect sensitive forest areas or mountain streams. Resean:hers are discovering alarming damage to forests and streams, damage that to a great extent was ignored or soft-pedaled by the government studies that led to the Qean Air Act, and many scientists and environmentalists charge that the research on the effects of acid precipitation carried on by the Reagan and Bush administrations was full of design flaws, done in collusion with industry, and guided by politics more than by objective science. They charge that the research was, in effect, rigged in favor of "business as usual," rigged to such an extent that many feel that the Oean Air Act is merely a baby-step toward protection of the natural landscape. Scientific srudies of atmospheric deposition began in earnest in the late l 970's when the governments of US President Jimmy Carter and Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau initialed cooperative research of the freshwater acidification that was beginning to appear in eastern Canada and the Adirondack Mountains of upper New York State. The bilateral rcseareh was carried out with the understanding that by 1980 an agreement to reduce sulfur emissions by 50% would be in place in ordec to protect freshwater bodies in eastern Tunic Island. But the regressive environmental policies of the Reagan administration delayed nnd diluted the bilaternl rese~. and several imponam US researchers were fired from the study and replaced by scientists who were willing to tolerate the new administration's stalling. Throughout the I 980's, to deflect crittcism, Reagan's people pointed to the $570 million National Acid Precipitation AsS¢ssment Program (NAPAP) established by Congress in 1980. By 1982, the US-Canada project had been terminated. [n its place was I\APAP. whose smted purpose was to gather a database of information about the effects of atmospheric deposition to guide Congre~s through the rewriting of the Clean Air Act. llowevcr. throughout NAPAP's history, scientisis of both the public and priv:11c sectors ha~·e tried to \\1lm environmentalist, of collusion between government and indwmy on the study. Funds from electric unlity companic~ and the papc-nnaldng industry - obviously not dis1nten.:stcd observers - backed large portions of the study, ,, hteh intlucnccd the condusions brought in by the NAP AP research. These charges are based in part on the otherwise inexplicable w:iy that NAPAP nam)\\t!d thc Xn111nf1 )0111110{ ne::: == scope and range of acid-induced forest decline studies. Vermont's camel's Hump and Hubbard Brook in New Hampshire were omitted as study sites, despite the fact that these rwo eastern sites have the longest record of soil changes related to acid rain. Until 1986 forests in the Ohio River Valley the source of many of the pollutants that cause acid rain - were not studied, simply because there had been no papers published in scientific journals suggesting that there was a problem in the region. Scientists also assen that the results of the research were manipulated by a design flaw: NAPAP's forest studies were limited to a single measurement of the nuaieru content of the soils at study sites, rather than a methodology developed in Europe which measures the rate of change in values over time. Again, it is difficult to figure out why NAPAP researchers chose the older method. when a study of true rates of change would have been far more useful to Congress. Not until 1985, halfway through the research period, when William Ruckelshaus replaced Anoe Gorsuch Burford as administrator of the EPA, did serious research into forests and soils begin in eamesL But by then it was too late. There was little time for the imponant "reality checks," field work, or the peer review and publication required by NAPAP of all its researchers. Consequently the Clean Air Act was rewriuen while important new findings about acid-induced forest decline were still being evaluated. Nonh Carolina State University pathologist Roben Bruck received NAPAP funding for seven years lOstudy forest decline in Kalllah's high-altitude spruce-ftr forests. I !is findings were largely omitted from NAPAP's final repon to Congress (despite the fac t that they were completed, tested, nnd reviewed as specified by NAPAP). The final repon asserted that an invasion of aphids was responsible for spruce-fir deaths on some of Kaufah's highest peaks. According 10 Bruck, this flies in the face of the research he submitted 10 NAPAP, which showed that only 35% of the dead trees at such sites as Mount Mitchell, Grandfather Mountain. and the Grc:u Smokv Mountains National Parl.. were infested with aphids. What Bruck found were soil pH levels as low as 2.7 and 2.8 and rampant aluminum toxicity levels in the forest soils. (See Kattialt /()11mal #9). This kind of data, for obviou~ reasons, is not pleasing to electric utilitr and paper companic~. and evidently the .government shan.:s the corporate distaste for emissions reductions. a~ it chose rather to blame nature for fon:M decline in Katuah. Bruck and other scientist~ now tlclie,e that one of the m:ij(.)r cause~ of fir die-back and forest decline in eastern Turtle lslnnd 1s the change m soil nutnents that occurs a~ lhl" soil becomes increasingly acidic. Nurogcn compounds found in acid min an: 1hought to be a primary culpri1. Levels of nitrogen exceeding by 20 to 40 times the wnounts that soil could assimilate have been found in declining forests all over the East. These findings correspond to research results in Germany, too, where nitrogen deposition is thought to be a primary factor in the catastrophic waldsrerben ("forest death") in the Black ForesL Recent European findings also indicate that in order to halt the damage, nitrogen emissions must be brought down as close as possible to the levels found in unaffected soil communities. Despite all this, NAPAP still seems determined to understate the problem. In a position paper published last summer, NAPAP officials stated that Eastern forests do not show any "widespread problems," a position that seems unforrunatcly consistent with their apparent lack of concern about forest decline. Already, the much-ballyhooed Clean Air Act begins to look like nothing more than a "first step" toward reversing the acid-induced damage to the forests. Scientists now believe that nitrogen emissions must be reduced by 75% (rather than the 15-25% required by the Clean Air Act) to halt the damage from atmospheric pollution. In contrast, the NAPAP repon to Congress stated that fonnerly "nitrogen deficient" soils in commercial pine forests in the South were being "enriched" by nitrogen deposition, and its comments about the effects of nitrogen compounds on other forest types is so rife with qualifying phrases like "might ...could...potentially" that it seems bent on dismissing or discounting the findings of many of its own researchers. It seems that it will be quite some time before we will see any tightening of the Clean Air Act's controls on nitrogen emissions. Meanwhile, concerned researchers believe that eastern forests will collapse within fifty years, as undernourished and weakened trees give in to insects and disease, not to men1ion a newer nemesis: lhe stress from climate changes associated with the "greenhouse effect." As if the sl)\.-Clre of forests thinning, browning, and dying were not enough, it also appears chat Kauiah's seemingly pristine mountain stream.\ are also extrJordinarily vulnerable to the effects of acid pn.-cipitation, A spate or recently released studies shows thc11 extensive damage has already been done to manr headwmcrs and streams in the Central and Southern Appal,1chians, including heavy losses to native brook trout popula1i(.)ns. Like the forest rescar\:h, these studies indica1e that the emissions reductions mandated by the Clean Air Act \\ill barely begin 10 solve 1hc problem. 111c dire condi1ion of Appaktchi,1n mountain \\aters has been rnost thorough!)' documentL'<l by Dr. James Gallov.uy of the Environnk'nt:il Sciences Dcpanmcnt at the University of Virginia. who since the mid-1970\ h~s published widely nbom Lhe many ,1spccts of the acid precipitation problem. In 1979, rnrr. 1 in9c 22 - 1991 �Galloway and a research team began the Shenandoah Watershed Study (SWAS), a ;om1 project undenaken by the University of Virginia and the National Park Service 10 "understand the processes that govern b1ogeochemical cycles'' in the streams of Shenandoah National Park (SNP). Since the SNP receives the highest sulfur deposition load of any national park. the SW AS turned out to be a far-sighted study of the potential effects of acidification in freshwater aquatic ecosystems in the Southern Appalachians. After a decade of research, the final SWAS repon indicated "a poor prognosis for aquatic watcrsystcms in Shenandoah National Park, due to a combination of watershed sensitivity and elevated acidic deposition." The Galloway team concluded that 1hc dcposi1ion of sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrogen had increased as much as tenfold from preinduslrial levels. The SW AS process of sampling streams on a weekly basis over the ten years of its research enabled it to make three primary conclusions: "1) that a large number of SNP streams were poorly buffered against acidification; 2) that the acidification process was being temporarily delayed by sulfate re1en1ion in v.a1ershcd soils: and 3) that the acidification of SNP streams was an ongoing process.'' SW AS researchers predict that some 38% of 1he streams will end up with pl I level~ below 6.0, the "biologically critical" level for such streams, while the pH levels of 25o/i: or the streams will decline 10 a pl I level of 4.7, near-total acidity. In 1987, 10 broaden his study area, Galloway and his researchers and a crew of volunteers from Virgioiu's Trout Unlimited organization began to monitor 350 streams in Virginia's mountains. Preliminary repons were alarming. The researchers found that 93% of the streams were sensi1ive to acid deposition, and that some 49% of those were extremely sensitive. Only 7% were found to be adequately buffered by watershed soils. Additionally, 10% of rhc streams were already found to be acidic; in a natural s1ate 3% or less would be normal. Galloway then chose 65 of those streams for further monitoring. In June 1989 his research team reponed its findings, concluding tha1 in spite of the fac1 that the state's mountain streams drain "relatively TnCt, 1991 pristine catchments proteeted from direc1 man-m.'lde impacts," they were ''receiving heavy loads of sulfur from man-made sources." They predic1ed that, assuming l 990 deposition levels, at least 32% and possibly as muny of 88% of the states 450 native trout s1reams will become acidic, with pH levels 100 low 10 support the forage fish. trout, amphibians, and aquatic insects who presently live in and around these streams. We can expect to see che same here in Kaufoh, and soon. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park receives the second highest level of acidic precipitation of any region of the eas1~rn United Srntcs. While the lower deposition levels in Katuah have delayed the kinds of effects seen in Virginia, as early as 1978, NacionaJ Park Service researchers had no1ed 1he poor buffering capabilities of the streams in the park\ higher elevations. And in 1984, EPA researchers found the Davidson River near Brevard in the French Broad River watershed had a pH level of 6.55, dangerously near the biological threshold of 6.0, placing it in 1hc "extremely sensiuve" range. According to scientists. this rrcnd will worsen with 1ime. Among them, conscrva1ive estimates hold that sensitive streams in Kattiah's watersheds will undergo coipplete alkalinity loss within 40 to 50 years. Since levels of acid deposition follow a nonh-south gr.tdient along the Appalachian chain, we can look to moun1ain s1reams farther nonh to predict our own future. In the Pennsylvania highlands, researchers found no living trour in 20%.ofthe headwater streams and concluded that "the streams having no fish as a group had significantly lower pl-I and alkalinity and higher dissolved aluminum than those with fish." More ominous evidence comes from West Virginia. According to Don Gasper, a fisheries biologist with the Wes1 Virginia Department of Natural Resources, the Cranberry River rqrinllXI rrorn TMG/acu,J E.rr01ic in the south-central pan of the stale is already "lost." Fish population data for the Cranberry have been kept since 1957. making it one of the few eastern rivers for which historical change can be documented. Over the past 30 years, fish biomass in the Cranberry has decreased from 15 pounds per acre to less than five pounds per acre, and 1he number of fish species in the river has declined from 15 to eight. Since the Oanberry drains one of the largest wilderness areas in the East, Gasper believes that "the only disturbance in that watershed is that acid rain has been falling on it for 40 years." The higher deposition levels in the north account for the rapid changes and drastic losses, but Katuah's lower acid deposition levels do not mean that we will not see similar effec1s. In fact, the reduced pH and alkalinity levels found now in our streams are familiar 10 chose who have becm tracking the nonhem streams for the pasr decade. According to Mark Hudy, a fisheries biologist who studied the St. Mary's River in Virginia as it died from acidification, "The St Mary's may be a precursor of things to come, what we'll all be looking at in 10 years...the water quality on the St. Mary's when I sampled the river 10 yean; ago was like what we have now on rivers farther south." Whal can be done 10 reverse the acidification of Katuah's streams? Can we learn anything from the damage to northern streams? Most scientists arc pessimistic. They lament that the region's streams were neglected during the I980's as the Reagan and Bush ndministra1ions stalled essential environmental research. And, like their colle,igues in soils and fores1 research, the freshwater biologists do not feel l_ha1 the reduc1ions mandated by the Clean Air Act will be able to reverse the damage done. They believe that a 70-80% redui;tion in emissions might begin 10 restore acidifying streams. According to Rick Webb. professor of Environmental Sciences at the Universi1y of Virginia, the n:quired 50% reduction in sulfur emissions will mean that "only a small number of the strea,n~ will incrca-.e in :ilkalinity; most will still decline." The state of West Virginia and the US Forest Service are trying mitigation measures - adding limestone to streams and lakes to bolster their alkalinity - to reduce lhe damage done by acid precipitation. But this method is costly and strictly temporary. It is not a means of rcs1oration for mountain streams. Most biologists feel that the the money and effon devoted to mnigation would be better spent on funher research, and they believe that only one thing will begin 10 save freshwater ecosys1ems in the East: drastic reductions of acidic emissions. Political analy~ts think it unlikely that there will be any funhcr emissions control measures from Washington for at leas, a decade. They point out chat even the Clean Air Act levels represent a compromise, that allies of the coal and u1ili1y industries auempted to drive sulfur emissions reductions as low as si:it million tons, from the original call for a 12 million ton reduction, and did succeed in having the number sliced to 10 million ions in the finnl version of the net. This does not leave many scientislS optimistic about the future of forests and streams in the East Aske.cl if he 1hough1 that Southern Appalachian streams would ever recover, Jim Galloway replied, ''Some will recover," he said, .. but not most" It appears that after the long twilight of environmental neglect in the 1980's, the Clean Air Act is a case of "roo little. too late" - a political pacifier too rife with compromise and collusion to address in any honest, meaningful way the damage already done by acid min and atmospheric deposition - not to mention the damage not yet e1,ident and the damage still occurring. An old maxim says tha1 politics is the an of compromise. But unless politics can be put aside, dead forests and dead streams will bear out another U\lth: nature bas its own bottom line. And nature bats last. / X.Otuaf, )ournn( poCJC 23 �SONGS IN THE WILDERNESS From the time I was two years of age J spent most or my childhood summers on my grandparent's farm in nonhem Colorado. In the small town where I lived I was surrounded by a warm extended family. There was plenty of activity and always another child to play with. But on the farm the days dragged on. l can remember walking up the dirt road away from the farm, acutely aware of my loneliness, feeling overwhelmed by the vastness of the rolling hills and endless grasslands that extended for miles in every direction. It seemed that I moved aimlessly through a landscape which had nothing to do with me. In this self-consciousness of monality I became aware of myself as separate from nature. It was a moment of primal loneliness such as everyone must face. This modem human condition is not that far removed from the tribal legacy. We still require a personal initiation, a way for each person to make peace with the natural world. We have separated ourselves by our ability to create worlds outside the cycles of nature, yet ii is our creauve abilities that offer us ways back in - into wholeness, communication and love. The pathways, the links, the mediations, the magic needs to be made at a personal level. We must ovcreome our animal fear of isolation and death, and reach out with our consciousness if we are to mature as human beings. IL was at this moment of acute loneliness that I first began to sing to the Eanh and the sky. I found that the ttan~fonnative power of song was miraculous. From that day on, there was a connection for me between the Earth and my walking on the Earth and the song. I remember walking down that same din road in a state of bliss, singing my heart out in thanksgiving for yet another spectacular sunset I found that when I sang, the world seemed 10 light up and lighten up. Phenomena that was of n transitory nature, such as a cloud shadow passing over a rolling hill, was suddenly revealed to me in breath-catching splendor. Sometimes I sang loud, sometimes soft. Sometimes r skipped and sang, or danced and sang at the same time. Special evencs, such as the bright crispness after a summer thunderstorm called for celebration songs. There were songs waiting for me everywhere; songs in the elm grove in the pasnm: and dJffcrcnt songs down by the river. Singing is a great protection. It sets up vibration which cuts through time and space. With our voices we extend the boundaries of our bodies. In metaphysical terms, singing causes the aura to radiate, which strengthens the body. In ancient primitive societies, everyone danced and sang their feelings about the inevnable passages of life. There were min dances and war dances and songs to help rhe com grow. There is evidence that the use of music as transforming was much more sophisticated than the simple melody, lyrics, and rhythm format that we use today. ror instance, at many ancient sacred sites the acoustics arc very unusual. Circular walls and passages can warp, bend, and amplify sound. ln such a place, a single voice could have created modulations, ovenoncs, and vibratos. Add on the possibility of a chorus with echoes, a drum or two, and a flute, and the sound must have been magnificent. What these sounds were used for, whether for healing, initiation rites, or simply for the sheer joy of creation, we no longer know. The Peace Chamber being built by Joseph Rael, at the Earth Center in Swannanoa, NC and scheduled for completion this fall, is a modem example of a Native American sound chamber. Joseph's vision of an oval shaped sound chamber has resulted in the construction of 17 of these chambers worldwide. The purpose of each is to amplify chants for world peace. I visited the roofless building at the Earth Center in spring. Even without a roof, and possibly because of the circular walls, the acoustics were already unusual. Also worth noting is that the chamber is on a very potent earth energy site. The combination of sound, eanh energy, and architecrual design should pack some real power into songs for peace. Looking back at my childhood songs from the adult perspective, I realize that the singing put me into an extended altered state, that it was magic at its height. ft pulled me completely out of the depression of loneliness and gave me practical tools for survival. It taught me to appreciate solitude. It is only in solitude that songs come to me again. If there is a song waiting for me, J try 10 leave my adult cares behind and enter into the woods with the innocence of a child. I make no judgement about the quality of my voice or how ridiculous I might sound if someone should happen to hear me. There is a great joy and freedom in this. by Charlotte Homsher Dnawmg by Rob Mcs,ick / (<ontin~ rram l"'i• 9) We must convince the public and our officials that a healthy environment is an absolute requirement for a healthy economy and not the other way around. The measure of what should be done 10 protect the environment is nor a mailer of good "business as usual" economics. We must work ar the local level to do whatever is possible to move toward a society that protects its ecosystems. We must lower as quickly a.\ we can the strains society places on our ecosystems. This includes land use practices, development of less damaging and less energy intensive transponation, protection of enough critical area 10 suppon all native species, and controlling our population within geographic areas so that the carrying capacity of the area is not exceeded or is balanced within a larger regional complex. Finally, we must lead in an accelerated movement to lower the environmental impact of human habitation on Eanh. This involves limiting the numbers of of humans Earth is . JCnt.i'mfi Journnl pQ(Jc 24 asked 10 suppon, making marked improvcmcnis in our use of natural resources, and bnnging human activities down within a safety buffer set by the rates of geological, geochemical. and biological processes. John Freeman is 1he chair of the Pisgah Group of the Sierra Club. lie was a profcs.'ior of billlogy at Wimltrop College fnr 30 years. He is al.w uwhor of 1he b()<J/c Survival Gardening, which he and lu"s 11'ife Grace self-published. The Freemaris are presemly retired in Brevard, NC i11 the headwaters of the French Broad River waterslted. This article 11-as reprimedfrom Foor notes. the 11cws/e1ter of the North Carolina Clwp1er ofthe Siella Club. The 11ewsletfer is al'ailable to Sierra Club members ill the Stale For membership i11fonnatio11, write the Sierra Club, 530 Bush St ; San Francisco, CA 94108. (conllnucd from P"te 11) Overall, I think it was Sequoyah himself who best evaluated thi: impact of his \\1'lting sy:acm: ''What I am doing will not make our people the less respected." - r«orded by OW Tom Undi'rwood. a liftlong rt.<id,·nt of the Qua/la Boundary Rt.<en•aJion has always been rnlt!rtsred ,n tht Clu:rol.Lt! cultural and arti.<tic traditions. lie 1s a con1tnuing .rouru of knowledge on the old wuys oftht tribe (stt Kn1tfah Journal 115) as wdl as be1n11 a mo1or suppoNu of conttmporary Indian arnsu. 1'om had ,.,;urn a manuscript for a hworical booklet on tk lift qf St!quo>·ah which was,,, his Mt:d1cint: Man Craft Shep the night tht! building was thstroycd byjirt!in 19..~Z. llt: has since bun rebwlding hisf/lt!s on the nativt! gcmus. llt! is ._·ell acquaintt!d With thl' life of ti~ man who brought 1k Chuoktt 1ht ,.,illt!n "'ord :Fa(f., 199 I �S00YEARS OF RESISTANCE! In October of 1492, as we all learned in grammar school, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue and landed in the Antilles to become the first European to record his encounter with the land and people of the Tunle Island conrinent. Of the land he found, Columbus wrote: "Large and very green trees, and great lagoons, around which the trees stand in marvelous groves. Flocks of parrots darken the sun and there is a marvelous variety of large and small birds, very different from our own; the trees arc of many kinds, each with its own fruit, and all have a marvelous scent." Of the native people he met in the Antilles, who later were named the Taino, Columbus wrote: "They are so affectionate and have so little greed and are in all ways so amenable that there is in my opinion no better people and no better land in the world. They love their neighbors as themselves and their way of speaking is the sweetes1 in the world, always gentle and smiling." Within a year of Columbus' landfall, the "miraculous groves" were gone, cleared to make way for the rancheros and plantations that would make the large contingent of Spanish seulers wealthy, and mining had spoiled the "great lagoons," not to mention rivers, mountains, and native farmlands. Within that year too, several thousand Taino were shipped 10 Europe as slaves, marking the beginnings of the slave trade. Those who remained fell victim to European diseases against which they had no resistance, and to the barbarism and tyranny of the colonists. Thus was set the pattern of ecocide and genocide which has been the dominant force in the modem history of the Americas. As the 500th anniversary of Columbus' "discovery" of the "New World" approaches, it appears unlikely !hat the myriad official festivities sponsored by governments of Europe and the Americas will expose the darker legacy of ~uropean conquest. What they will offer instead is a "QuincenteMial Jubilee" marked by all the hoopla, pride, and patriotism that modem technology can stir up. fo!C, 199 1 r However. a grcA1nd weft qf publi{ , opposition. led by moigendus groups in Nonh and South America, is gathering force to assure that the celebrations do more than glorify the ecocide and genocide wrought by Columbus and the other colonists and missionaries who followed him. In July of 1990 representatives of 120 indigenous nations, tribes, and organizations met for the first time in Quito. Ecuador to discuss their peoples' slruggles for self-de1ermination and 10 organi1..e a unified lndi:tn response to the official 1992 Jubilee celebrations. Their plans call for alternative gatherings 10 celebrate 1he resistance chat has enabled Indians 10 survive the centuries of genocide and opprei.sion chat 1hey have suffered at the hands of the Euro-Americans. The coali1ion is also recalling that many myths and prophecies of native peoples throughout Turtle Island say 1ha1 chis period of oppression would la.~t for 500 years, when it would be replaced by a period of change ("Pachakutek'.) that will lead ro a better life for the people, a life lived once again in harmony with Molher Eanh. At a time when the Euro-American way of life is threatening lhe survival of all peoples and of the planet itself, we all would do well to listen and 10 follow lhe example set by the indigenous people of a more harmonious way of being. It is up to us to make 1992 the first year of Pachakutek, not the 501st year of colonialism. Resource pacuis for those inttrtsted in organiting local alttrna1i11ts to the official/ts1111i11ts art availablt from the following: - Scarborough Fortign l,fiS$ion; 2685 Kingston Rd.; Scarborough. 0111ario. Canada MI M IM4. Jnclude a nwney donotion 10 CO\ltr prillting ONJ postagt. - Cltrgy ONJ Lairy Concerned; Box /91J7; Decatur, G~ 3003/ for $5.00 postpaid The Sowh and Mtso-American Jndim, Information Ctnttr. which strvts as a liason betwun Indian people of the sowhcrn and the northern con1intn1s. Is a good sourct of1nforma1io11 aboUJ the alttrnativt ac1ivi11es plan11td throughow the Americas. Write to SAJJC: Box 7550, Berktlty, CA 94707. 1/'Jf)U art illltresttd in helping 10 organiu ahernativt 1992 t~nlS in Kataiah, write Jeff Smith at 207 Coxt A~.: Ashevillt NC 28801 or call (704) 259-5333. - by cmmtll Grundiggu Save James Bay Stop Hydro-Quebec! Ancestral lands of the Cree and Inuit cultures as well as the entire James Bay ecosystem are being threatened by a mega-hydroelectric project known as the James Bay Project James Bay, a shallow salt water bay which forms the southern tip of Hudson Bay in Canada, is the largest nonhcrn river drainage system for Tunic Island. Fresh water from vinually every major river in the hean of 1he continent flows into James Bay where it mixes with the Bay's snit w:lter over marshy tidal flats to create a vast and diverse ecosystem. 'These rivers make the Bay a rich ecosystem teeming with caribou, moose, :i: ~;wer as wellbearseals.1he manyl3cluga as walrus, whales, polar and anadromous fish that return from the ocean 10 spawn in the fresh water rivers of James Bay. This is also the nesting and s1aging ground for the 'central flyway' for most migratory birds from geese and ducks to some shore birds who may carry ou1 a migrncion that brings them as far south as Tierra del Fuego.....(Thc land around James Bay) has a dclica1e ecology of coastal mmhes, muskeg and pinelands that provide a rich garden in which the animals and Native people have lived for tens of thousands of years." (Winona l..aDuke) The fames Bay Project is a mega proJect of Hydro-Quebec. Quebec's Premier, Robert Bourassa. sees 1he entire province as "a vase hydro·elcctrie plant in the bud... ". Phase I (1971-1985) of the Project has already destroyed a great deal of habiUlt and lands. Phase II and Phase lll are even more massive undertakings. Phase II would impact an area greater than New York State and New England combined and would destroy 15 major rivers. However, Phase III is the most extravagant. h is a $JOO billion scheme to build a 100 mile dike across the mouth of James Bay so that freshwater from 1he Bay can be pumped (possibly by nuclear pumps) to the Great Lakes, and then to the Midwest and Southwest United States! This project if completed would cause devastation of the entire James Bay ecosystem which is the hean of the largest remaining wilderness in Tunic Island as well the cultural genocide of the native people who would lose their traditional means of subsistance through hunting, trnpping and fishing. Already ten thousand migrating caribou have drowned crossing the Caniapiscau River during a 1984 Hydro-Quebec water release. If all the dams proposed by Hydro-Quebec arc built, 350,000 square kilometers will be directly impacted, Over 25,000 ~uare kilometers \I.ill be flooded. Countless lakes, ponds and temporary ponds will be drowned. Critical wildlife habitat will be fragmented and migration routes destroyed. Destruction of chis habicat will doom thousands of migratory bird~. In September of 1990. the Canadian National Energy Board approved the expon of Hydro-Quebec electrici1y 10 the US. There are formal efforts in Maine. Vermont, and New Yorlc to call for the cancellation of any contrnc1s with Hydro-Quebec. lndividuals and organizations around North America art' joining the fight to save James Bay. For more informa1ion. contacr: Northeast Alliance to Protect James Bav 139 Anrrim Street / Cambridge, MA 02139 .. (617) 491-553 I • X.Ot uc:ih Journot J>CIIJC 25 �. ", DRUMMING LETTERS TO KA TUAH Dear Kmualt, This kulwie says that idle hands arc the devil's wockshop when iJs preuy damn obvious IO anyone who sits down and thinks about it that idle hands nrc definitely not a workshop and that the devil's worbhop has m1111y many busy busy hands. Ovec achiever type A workaholics with hyperactive thyroids have predictably lllken over at the throUle of neatly everything and ate proceeding to make the world a miserable place to be for anyone who likes to go fishing or read a boolt or simply to do her pan in the effort to conserve energy by silLing down and bcmg quiet. Motorboats chum our lakes into oily froth. AirpLllles arc aJmo:.t always whining in our cars. All terrain vehicles defile the America others pass by. shnttcring silence and leaving ruts that open into gullies lhat are geo logical re minders of the passing of some busy idiot who wos out SpiMing his wheels and wasting all sorts of resow-ces when he should have been home playing with his luds or l:lying in a hammock. Poople in general and rncD m particular QJ'C taught that Ill order to be respected we should make our mark on a world. The world is nlrcady llWkcd up with graffitti-like doings of the do-do culture and what we now need 10 learn moSt is s10pping. Don't just do something, Slalld there. Will Ashe Boson Floyd, VA DcarKmuoh. Vour article about dowsing slruck an inu:rcsting chord with me. I have been fortunate 10 get to hike with a group of Retired Citi,..cns or Gatlinburg over the past sevcml months, and because of that have met some very fascinating people not the least or whom is a man named Herb Oabo, a real mountain man who gi-ew up in the Roaring Fork section of what is now the Great Smoky Mountnins National Park:. He now lives in that same area about two houses from the Park bouod:IJ'y. He still climbs the mowitnins and walks the ridges almost every day. At 80 he is still ahead of the pack except when he siops IO share a bit of history or a talc of sons. It i.~ one of t!lcse talcs that came tO mind when I read your article. Herb can divine for bodies! • and find them. The rods arc held loosely in the hands and when he comes IO the grave. they tum in. I have watched him do this and it is exuemely fascinating. The Parle Service asked him and Frank Cart.er, another dowser. 10 help them with a cemetery in the Roaring Forlc section which had been badly damaged by tourists - roc:ks which were really old grave m:utcrs had been knocklxl over and some even canicd out of the cemetery. With 1he1r dowsing rods, Hcrb and Frank were able to rcnlign the graves, replace the m:IJ'kcrs, and arc now c:nrrying fill din to cover the IOOlS and ftll in washouts caused by the he.Ivy lrllff'ic of many feet. For the umc being. the ccmelCI)' is fenced off and will be unul the n:pciiring and =ding arc compleled. In that ccrnclct)'. thctc iS a grave for a leg. A man lost his leg in a logging occident and Xnti1af1 JounmC p119c 26 insisted on having it buried with a formnl funeral. Herb u:11s another inlelCsting story about finding the grave of Jasper Mellinger. Years ago Jasper had "l:ud-by" his com crop and was going to Nonh Carolina 10 work a few days tn a blacksmith's shop. Instead of walking the long way around, he took the "nigh" way through the hills. Art Huskey had a bear uap set and Jasper got caught m 11. On finding him there. it is alleged, Art or his son knocked poor Jasper in the head with a pine knot and buried him m a shallow grave. Herb was detenmncd to find lhnt grave. long since heavily overgrown. He walked the hills for about a year bcfo,e he loaltcd the grave only 10 discover there were four bodies buried in the =e area. He ha.~ cleaned out lllOUlld the graves • and a path lending 10 them and 1s now placing mnriccrs for t!lcse people. He has deccnnincd who three or the bodies arc and will mark the other "unknown: Hero is a real storehouse of knowledge and mountnin lore. Barbara Wickersham DcarK01111Jh, I read with great in~t the interview with Tom Hendricks, "The Responsibilities of Dowsing,· in the Summer "91 issue of Kmu.o.lt JournLJI. Hoving recently writu:n IO the Amctic:ln Society of Dowsers expressing concern at the non-holiSllc actions of some dowsers, I found Tom's comments cncoumging. I have been dowsing for a number of YeaA, mostly locating with L-rods. More recently I hnvc been conccntroting on trying to undcrslll.nd Eanh energies. I rend, and dowse., and find, but feel the need to work with someone who really knows what they arc doing. Look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Joy Doheny DeatKmuah, s Something a wrong with the U.S. Forest Service le:idcrship. They can't 11\llnage our forests properly due to a spurious pl31l they adoJ)led 25 years ago. h can be likened 10 a disease in its effccL Call 11 "clcarcuHLtS." Ever since they've been obsessed with denuding our forestS. They promoted the spread of this infection to colleges and univen;iucs th.It prcp:ire future foresters. Certain limber interests, long affiicu:d with th IS dlSCaSC. have wdcd and supponcd the Fore.st Service leadership m iL~ addiction and arc confusing us with a SS0,000.000 misinformation campain. Their purpose: 10 cut the 5~ left of our ancient forests at huge profits to them.,;elves within the neitl 5 to 10 years using the befuddled Fo~ Service leadership to gnm their end. Once it was the people and the Forest Service versus timbcrers. Now it is umbcrcrs and the Forest Service versus the people. A tide of public concern is rising IO stem this disease in its devnsiation with powerful mcdicruion to be pn:scribcd by Congress. Previous prescriptions have failed because the Forcst Servioc leadership refuses 10 swallow the medicine that would return it to its fonner stnte ofhc:llth. The "Santa Claus syndrome." of practically giving away our trees hntvesu:d at our expense. is also of gi-eat concern to people. tn lodinnn 120,000 people signed petitiOns and wrote thousands of leuets, including congressmen and lhe governor, ealling for protection of biological diversity and regeneration of old growth. A poll of voiers 31'0und the Hoosier National Forest showed 69% are so upset they want to bnn all logging. The entire congressional delcgnuon or fllinois is demanding the Forest Service Stop being Sania Claus with below-cost sales. Arl<ansas and Texas have asked for a halt 10 clearcutting. South Carolina people arc asking for a ch411ge m mn~cment. In North Carolina over 16,000 people and over a thousand businesses signed pctiuons in a shon period of time 10 halt clearculting. A number of Forest Service employees and supervisors, not willing to allow this disease to reach epidemic proportions. are organizing and asking thru the infected leadership accept prescribed congressional medication so that the Forest Service can survive. I must add that a number of private forest growers with large and small forc.~ts arc not infccu:d with "clenrcu1-1tis." They arc surviving low prices caused by Rnst Service leadership direction. These forests are a JOY 10 visit compared with the shambles pre.sent m our ll3tionaJ forests. These many growers arc not liqu1d3tors. They believe in a tomonow for themselves and their children. Why can't this be true for the nntional forests? Grandfather and Grandmother, we have the time. We love this land and want 10 leave it beucr for our children and grandchildren. We've seen the umber locuslS consume our forest before. It doesn't have to happen to the Inst gr.md trecS standing. Th.rec bills in commitu:c need support; HR 2S01, HR 1969, and HR 842 to help k.ill the infoction. Three congressmen 10 reach arc Harold Volkmer. Eda la Gana, Goorge Miller (House of Rcprcscntativcs, Wnshington. DC 20015). There arc also three senators; D.ile Bum~, Pntricl; Leahy, and Wyche Fowler (Scn.,tc Office Building. Washington, DC 20010). Even though our hands arc tired and weary, \YOn't you pick up a pen and write? Let's inspire them in Washington. Bob Gerry Franklin, NC Drawing by Rob Messick rnrc., 1991 �Dear Ka1uah. A friend gave me his copy or your Summer'!) I Ka1uah Journal. nnd I am impressed by lhe imcgri1y of lhe journal. One of my grcn1-grnndmothcrs wns a full-blooded Cherokee, plus my family hns roois in 1he Miami Nation. Sadly, I never paid any heed to this heritage until the last yenr or so. though I have always been an enrth person. ever drawn 10 nature fascinated by forcsis, ~ueruns, wild Iire, lightning. I rc.ili:u: that this is pan of my being, and am beginning 10 look more closely at the wisdom of thOl,e who came before me. I would hkc 10 know if a publicauon s1m1lar 10 your; cxisis in the Indiana region. I would be interested in lellming more about my foreflnhcrs, but I'm n0t too sure where 10 start. Thank you for :iny help you can offer. and 1100k forward 10 hearing from you soon. Since my return home I have fell myself often "losing focus· with nil the technology nnd matcriohstic vibrations that surround me. I h3ve found th3l one thing I can do 1s make my way to a stnnd of treeS very ncnr here and allow myself 10 recapture lhc feeling of the Smokies, the •me· I am working with the Appalachian Women's Guild on the Monteagle Mountain ~lion of the Cumberland Platc3u. It seems lO me, thot this mountain could be an exemplary bioregional devclopmen1 - it cou.kl become self-sufftcienL ll is at this lime extrcmdy depressed economically which Respectfully, Jeff Zaclulry Dcar Ka1uah. IC I h:id closed my eyes and envisioned the perfect. most harmonious appro:ich 10 life in the Soulhem Appalachians I could not have crentcd :i more beautiful image than lhc people who conlribute 10 your journal and those who arc the rtal members of the Katu:ih Province. I think I hove found my venue, and my only regret is that Tdid not have the courage 10 head such a wonderful movement myself. I'm a graduate student at Appalnchian State University in Boone, NC studying and working lO preserve the biodiversity and ecology of these great mounlllins. I have struggled with 10lerance of the modern, dcvelopmcn1-00nsumcd elite of this town and this region. I am so happy 10 find the power in your numbers. Please let me know more about your cause. your people, and your apparent passions 10 prcscrvc the way of the conscious man and womnn. I wnnt 10 be a part of the movement, and be counted among you. God Bless, J1mmy Bnrbcc -=---- Dear KaJuah, I was recently introduced 10 your wonderful publication and would like 10 know more about K01uah and how I can become involved. In the past it seems I made less lime for myself 10 read or enjoy the beauty or life nround me. However, due 10 a recent car occident I've found myself with the time lO do anything and the physical ability 10 do almost nOthing. So I n::id. I probably never would have come 10 know my world, or Katuah, if it were not for the accident and a special man in Lake Toxaway who lOOk the time 10 talk 10 me about life, healing, and Ka1uah. For th:11 I am very thank:ful. I thank God as I grow physically and spiritually stronger everyday, and look forward 10 living as I never have. Seize the Dayl Paula Flanks Dear K01uah, I live in a very popul:itcd, "built-up· pan of Florida. and decided in June to e,;plore the Smoky Mounuiin.~ with my friend 10 Slill, nnd re-center myself. We had a wonderful, amazing, and lr.lnsforming lime • and while there I discovcrcd your publication. Tm!, 1991 Paintina by S\1$111 Adam rediscovered there. The Olhcr is 10 open Ka,uoli Journal lO any page and begin IO~. The commitment :ind dedication to Life of your writcts. people like myself - puts me back on my chosen pnth. Thank you for sharing and afrummg. Yours in light, Susan Rueter To the Editors: I was given a copy or lhe Kaiuah Journal. Spring, 1991. by a friend, Cicio Myc1~k. I have just this morning read II and am moved to find such an enlightened group ru work. II IS like finding a pan of your family that had been ml$mg. r want to connect with you as projects in which 1 am im,ol ved p:irnllcl yours in this issue. I include my story which r have JUSt wriuen for the Episcopal Chwch. (see excerpt below) The opposition to a hazardous waste incinerator (three limes the size of any existing facility which promised to take haw-dous waste from at k:asl 20 sta.ics) which I organized, changed my whole life. I now work full lime on establishing a true grassroots environmental nerwork m Tennessee that will connect with other similar networks nationwide. (Thank God I hnve a husband who C113bled me lO give up my gainful employment in order 10 do this volw:uecr work.) I attended the Episcopal Church Envaronmenlal Conference ,n Kanuga. NC in April llihcte I met Jeremy Rifkin, president of the Grecnho~ Crisis Foundation in Washing10n. He invited me to auend n conference in Wa.mington at the end or Scp!Clllbcr lhnt will plan a grassroots Conunental Congress for May of 1992. I Ulke great hope that this Con tinenlal Congress will have sufficient impact on the political paities to change the t.otal disrcgrud for the environment (my opmjon) that both parties have been exhibiting. gives llS fcrtilc ground for movmg in lhc direction of interdependent living. I also work with a group which ,s creating a vision of community when: physicnlly and mentally handicapped and non-physically handicapilcd can live in an interdependent relationship where the arts and celcbrauon oflife you spcalc of will be an integral part of our circular community. We will have a biodynnmic farm, a gteenhou~. woodworking shop, Appalach1311 cmfis, design and making of allcmative clOthing for the physically challenged, a printing operation. and opportunities and encouragement for all 10 develop their individual spirituality in an atmosphere or love. In fighting the evil of the inciDCnllOr, people were brought together who have the underlilanding and cnprabililics or making the Biorcgional Economy or the whole mountain IOP work along with the special community. I celebrate your enthusiasm, your dedication, and your Being. Light and Love 10 all of you, Marilyn Williams Chau.anooga. TN ~rpttdfrom Marily11 Williams' story: Morion County LS an economically depressed, rural county comprised of a long valley swrounded by mounlllins, indented wilh coves traversed by the Tennessee River. This topogniphy results in a phenomenon cnlled thermal invCTsion. Very often, tempcroturc changes will force the air down and hold it against the floor of the valley so that it cannot escape over the mount2ins. Any kind of smoke-t;toct indu.«ry would be unusually bad ror the area. I blcr lcamcd that lhcnna1 invcnion was ·no problem· for those who warued to site a haz:lJ'dous wastt incineralor on lhe TenllCS5CC River in our county. (c:auinued on I"'&" 28) JC.Qtuah 1oumnl J)(IQe 27 �(continued from pa,:c 27) I alt.ended a meeting of our County Commission and heard lhe president of a commen:i:il hllzardous was1C incinerator COfflJXUlY IC.Jl lhe commission and all present he did nOl care whwier we voted to have him there or nol; he certainly wouldn't icll us he wouldn't be the.re. We later le:uned the same group had been defeated in four olhct counhcs through use of the Local Veto Option which we voled to hnve him there or not; he ccnainly wouldn't tell us he wouldn't be there. We lat.er learned the same group had been defeated in four olhcr • counties through use of the Locnl Vct0 Opuon which was a Tennessee law. We knew quiic well that our legislature had jus1 removed this law that gave citizens ~ right to protect their property ond lhe health and welfare of lhcir children. This 1s a constituuonnl nght bom of n Ocmocmcy. I C:lmC from Ilic rooeting angry. I was angry tlmt in a land where freedom was supposed IO nng from every mounlllln IOp, a man could siand before us and arrogantly icll u.~ he 11o us - in so many words • gomg 10 force on us something that we knew would dcsll'Oy our property values and endanger our children., lives - and for what? For profit • My anger 1ncrenscd with the rcalm1tion that the citizens of this Staie have every right to expect thc,r elcc!Cd, paid official\ to make laws to protect Ilic Jives and property of lhe people of their Staie, I snw ourselves in the posiuon of bemg forced to do the JOb for ourselves. I called a meeting or friends to organv.e n protesL I sent announcements 10 both the newspapers, but they did not print 1hcm, We had IS people ai the rll'St meeting. We each IOOk rcspons1bili1y or getting others at the next mccung, and we prepared notices to be ID.ken to the papers. At the ncxt meeting we h.ld 26 people to plan a town meeting to discuss the opposition to the incinerator. At that meeting we had press from lhe city of ChatUlnooga and 400 orderly people. After that we had the attention of the clcclcd offici.l!s and the loca.1 press and radio stations. Two months later, at 7 AM over 3,000 finn, but orderly, infonned people gathered in the .square at South PilL~burgh to confront the rcprcsentauves of FTI who came with armed Pinkenon gu:ll'ds, The people with their children wore T-shirts reading, "Two, Four. Six, Eight; WE WILL NOT INCINERATE." Cars had bumper stickers saying "DANGER - NO INCINERATOR." Posters staung firm opposiuon were held high. Many wore gas mask.~. A-:. representatives of the incinerator company Milked into the building where they had come to conclude the mlc or the propsed incinerator site, m on orderly fashion. the crowd began to chant, "Two, Four, Si~. Eight - WE WILL NOT INCINERATE!" The day b.:forc the mlly a UPl reporter who knew the area, called me and a.,ked me how mony people J thought we would have a1 the rally. I said that if--.c did 001 have 01 lcai.t 2,000 I would be sorely disappointed. He laughed, saying, "If you ha\'c 2,000 people in Marion County come out for anything, I'll be greatly surprised. Those people luve never been togcthcr on anything." When I arrived m South Piu.sburgh shortly be~ 7:0Q that morning on June 14. 1990, I lil!w people coming "in droves; as we say. They were commg from all over in large numbers, and icars rolled down my race because I knew m my hcal1 that weh3d won. Four d.lys laicr, F11 announced they would not build in Marion County or "any of the surrounding area." ... I saw interesting and miraculous things happen in this united effort. I saw shy young mo°'.crs come forward and tell me, "l"ve never done an),1hmg like this before. I just Silly home and talce care of my family, but I'm not Slllying there and watching this Juppcn." I saw them transformed into outSpOken, tireless worker.; who conducted meetings in their communities to get the word ouL Some or them called me and cried at the heanless roccplion they encountered sometimes in the bcgiMmg when they called on bu.'ilnesspcople to put petition~ in stores or to tallc at city council meetings; but they never guve up. They went right back, and !hey bccnme StrOngcr. as they were empowered b)' the love lhey had for thi:,r children. It occurred to me at lhc time, if the Earth i.s 10 be saved, 11 will be by mothers and those who share the feelings or mothers. I saw children become awurc of somctl11ng they hlld always Uken for gmntcd. School chil.drcn made posters and wrote letters 10 elcclCd officials. ng They bccrunc int.:rc.,tcd in recycling. I saw a bondi_ of people joined by a common cuus.e. I sow a commg together of people who would prohably never have come 10 know each other. I sa--. a ri'i<! in the consciousnCSli of people. Then: was an elevation of sclf-e:;1ocm. Th.:se was a knowledge gamed thm one person can still make a dilTerencc if the)' take the hand of their brother/sister and slalld up for whal they believe is righL Since the mc.mcmtor fight, I have seen others tnke the mniaiive 10 sl:llld again.st other 1njustic.!s in their communit.lc.s. • The People are Angry! A Monual on \Va.tre llauvdou...t to tht Ilea/th of our Cllildren in itMetsu i.s available from Tcnne:.scc Grassroois EnvironmenUll Network; Boll 15038: Chaunnooga, TN3741S Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards with artwork you see in I<atuah Journal. • You1h Camps - ~ P,ogrem1 • Family Camps· Teach0< Tra.,,ng • Communuy Programs • Camp Slaff Training • Outdo« Pn,gram Consulting (Envelopes included.) by Rob lJlessick Send $11.25 postage paid to: RM DESIGNS r.o. aox 2601 ProgomJ to encouoge end Earth OWOl8'l8$$. celebrol1on. ldn&Hp and hope $611 PO 8oK 1306 Galltnt>,,,g, terY10lSee 3n38 615-436-6203 BOONE, NC 28607 whole earth grocery NATIVE FLUTES Two styles mode of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt. 1, Box 172-L Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 • NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVING 446 c p;arkw•y craft ~ntcr • •uilc 11 gatlinburg, tcnn~ 3n38 6 15-436-6967 Xat(iah Jou r not pn9c 28 ' ,, Union Acres A,r Alternative - • Acrt.agtforSale - Smoky Moun/111n Lrving wilh II focus on spiri/114/ 11nd «ologit:Jll valuts For more informalron; Contact C. Gran/ al RDult 1. Box 61/ Whittier, NC 28789 (704) 4974964 NATURAL MARKET WHOLE FOODS • OULK FOODS • VITAMINES • HERDS • FAT FREE FOODS • TAKE OlTTFOODS • SNACKS • NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Blow,ng Rock Rd lloonc. NC 28607 :fnfL 1991 �, - 0FFTHEGRID SOLAR OVENS by Dr. lnnnis Scanlin This issue's 01/The Grid 1ues1 collUMis1 is Dr. Dtnnis Scan/ill, Proftssor ofApproprialt Ttchnoloo at AppalacNIJJI State University;,. Boone, North Carollna. Dennis is cwrrently working on a project sponsored ITy the Su.sklinablt Dtvtlopmelll Center of ASU to bring so/Ju ove11 ttCM()/olJ to the rural pu,plt ofGllllUma/a. Solar o - ttcM()loo is pani&ularly appropriJJu in Ct111ral America wlttn thert is a lot of s1111 and a probltm with defortSiaJilJ11 as ptoplt u.sc rht forests to prqvide woodfor cooki/11. So/Ju ovens could, obviDu.sly. N>t ~ u.scd as freqUUlll)I hut in Katwolt as ill Ca1ral Amtrica, bu/ rhty could ctrtamly su,,e as All OMXillary tltUf1 source IO ~ wed whutevtr possible to / - , ow demands 011 wood, proflOM, oU ONl/or tltcrricity. DtfortSIJJ/k,11 is IU)t cwu11tly a probkm lwre (~sides timber sales), bUI It col/Jd ~CO/fflt OM if rht opdollS of oil, propane and/or tltcrricily _,., too expensive or IINIWlilabk, as is Ille t.aU ill rwol CcfllrtJJ America. As Dr. Scanli11 lius IO poilll 0111, "lhtre is "" silltlt tMTlJ fXIIUIUO.. 1ht suslDiJsabh t11tro of our fwurt will come from a ~ f J ofsourcu. Solar OVtftS w{J/ be OM of IN>U. • ·td.JimHou.su Solar Cookers have been receiving a lot of attention recently in both the developing and developed regions of the world. This attention is well deserved because these ovens are a truly appropriate technology. First of all, they really work. They are also cheap enough to be accessible to virtually everyon~ easy to construct with locally available materials; simple to understand and operate; utilize renewable energy; and reduce our dependence on centrally supplied energy or, in the developing world, diminishing supplies of increasingly expensive fuelwood, wi1hout having any adverse impacts on the environment They can be a pan of the solution ro the many problems facing our world. There are two basic types of solar cookers. The first is the direct or focusing parabolic dish cookers, which are usually about 4 feet in diameter and reflect all the solar energy striking them onto a focal point which is usually about 18 inches above the center of the dish. A pot of food would be supponed at this focal point. Their performance can be very impressive, achieving temperatures over 600° F; however, they can onJy heat one pot of food at a rime, can be difficult to construct, need to be focused every 15 to 30 minutes and don't work very well on panly cloudy days. Effons 10 market these cookers have largely failed because of their tempennentnl nature and because people don't like standing out in the sun while cooking. The whole TaU, 1991 SOLAR OVEN Drawing by DoMis Scanlin process of cooking with these cookers is too different from traditional methods. The indirect or box ovens have been the focus of most of the recent interest in solar cooking. An indirect or box oven is simply an insulated box with a glass or plastic cover, and one or more reflectors to increase the amount of sunshine entering the box. Food is usually placed in dark colored pots with covers. The pots full of food are then placed in the solar oven and absorb the solar energy entering the oven. These ovens reach temperatures between 250 and 450° F, can cook several pots of food at the same time, work on partly cloudy days. aod are simple and inexpensive to construct Many indirect or solar box ovens have been designed over the last few years; however, most fall into one of two categories: single reflecror or multiple reflector. The single reflector type is the least complicated variety. It is an insulated rectangular box with a shoe box type lid and a single reflec1or attached to the lid. It was first developed in 1976 by Barbara Kerr and Sherry Cole of Tempe, Arizona and is the design presently being promoted by Solar Box Cooker International, 1724 11th Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. They have plans available for $3.00. Plans are also available from Kerr Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 27417, Tempe, AZ 85282, (602) 968-3068. They also have complete kits for a well designed cardbo:ud oven for about $55. Kits are also available from Basic Solar, Harvard Square Suite 67, 1430 Mass. Ave.. Cambridge. MA 02138. Kits or plans are not really necessary, however, as one could easily be constructed with either cardboard or wood. One good source of cardboard boxes is Xerox paper boxes found in schools and businesses. Banana or apple boxes found in the local grocery store are also quite sturdy, as are cardboard file boxes which can be purchased for about $3.00 at an office supply store. These boxes could be covered with contaa paper or painted for increased water resistance. The box could also be constructed from large sheets of cardboard or with peices of wood. Plywood and lxlO's or lxl2's have been used. There may be undesirable gases emitted from the plywood, which would contaminate your food, but I'm not sure about this potential problem. The box should be large enough to contain the desired size of pots which will be used. but not much larger. The inside dimensions of the Kerr/Cole cooker mentioned earlier arel8"x22"x7". This size can hold 3-4 pots of food and can cook a meal for 4-6 people easily. Insulation on the sides and boaom of the oven wiU help it attain higher temperatures by reducing heat loss. The easiest is Thc.rmax foil faced insulation secured with foil rape (not duct tape). There may be hannful gases given off by this and (continued on page 30) Xatuah 1ourna! om1e ? Q �(coniinutd from page 29) 01hers have objected to its use; however I have not noticed any strange odors or tastes in food cooked in an oven insulated with this material, and when I called the manufacturer, I was told there have been no problems associated with ils use. Another insulation scheme is 10 use a smaller box inside the outer one and put crumbled newspapers or fiberglass insulation between the two boxes. Still another is to fold cardboard so that trapped air pockets are fonned and put these peices into the bottom and on the sides of the box. With !he last two Home Power Inc., POB 275. Ashland, OR 97520; and The Solar Coo~ry Book, Beth and Dan Halacy, Peace Press 3828 Wilat Avenue, Culver City, California 90230. A variety of foods including soups, stews, bread, chicken, cakes, rice, potatoes, lasagna, and a variety of other vegetables can be cooked in a solar oven. However, it does involve some behavioral modification. One needs to check the weather report for the day, plan the day's dinner in the morning, put it together and in the oven by around 10 or 11 and point the oven towards the south. Obviously some foods will cook faster than others. Baked beans and hot dogs can be heated up in about I hour. Lentils, brown rice, and soy beans will take substantially longer. But just about anything can be cooked in one good sunny day, or even a panly cloudy day, if placed in the oven in the morning and if the oven is reoriented towards the sun a few times during the day. Around noon is the ideal rime for solar cooking because that is when we are receiving the greatest amount of solar radiation. There is no worry about burning foods. Dark enamel, glass or ceramic pots work well. TI1e dark-colored pots absorb more radiation. Most cooking should be done in convered pois. Several solar cookbooks are available, including Eleanor's Solar Cookbook, Eleanor Shimcall. Cemese Publishers, 7028 Leesburg Place, Stockton CA 95207 and Favorite Recipes From Solar Cooks, Solar Box ,;,!!II' Cooker International. schemes the junction between the inside and outside of the oven needs to be covered. The reflector can be consmicted from cardboard with a reflective material such as aluminum foil, reflective mylar or a glass mirror glued to it. Glass, plastic cooking bags (available in grocery stores), or teflon can be used for the glazings. Multiple layers of glazing will result in better performance. The glazing can be attached wilh aluminum tape, wooden strips and nails for a wooden box, and/or caulk. Multiple reflector designs (fig. I) achieve higher temperature.\ (300-450° F) but are more complicated to construct. These cookers usually have a door on the back side, but can also be constructed with a shoebox type lid so the whole oven, withou1 a bottom, fits over a shallow pan, which would hold the pots of food. Plans are available for $10 from Our Sol.tr Systems, Box 55891. Tucson, AZ 85703. Two books with plans are also available: Heave11s· Flame. A Guidebook 10 Solar Cookers, By Joseph Radabaugh,$ IO, Complete ovens can also be purchased from Clevlab ($15 - $275), POB 2647, Liuleton, Colorado, 80161 and from Sunlight Energy Corporation ($179), 441 lW. Echo Lane, Glendale, AZ 85302 (602) 943,6492. Figure 2 shows an exploded view of a smnll p muhiple reflector oven similarly inspired by the Clevlab $15 Sunspot Solar Oven. This same basic construction can be expanded for a larger slant face type mulliple rcflcct0r oven. FRENCH BROAD FOOD CO-OP •• • Co05Umcr0wncd Since 1975 • •• We Sell Food that Nourishes I Iumans and Sustains the Earth OPEN TO T l IE PUBLIC Mond,,y· FriJay 8:30 AM to 8:00 r:--1 Saturdav 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM SundJ)' I :(l(J P\I 10 6:00 PM (704) 255-7650 Home! A Bioregional Reader 1/o,,u:! A Biorcgional Rtader, juit publi.\hcd hy New Society Publi$hcrs, offcrs· nn c,ciung vision :uid slOltcgy for creaung ('.enlogic.ii ly su~btn~htc communnics and culture., rn hannony v. ilh the limiL~ nnd rcgcncrauve powers or the £2th." It ha.~ gathered a.niclcs, stories. and potnL~ of O\'Cr forty writer~ and acuvm.~who have contnbu!Cd both co ddining biortgionalism a.~ a J)Olitic;il philosophy and to the pracuce of "living rn place.· Comnbutors mcluJ.:: Gary Snylkr, Pttcr Berg. Caroline Estc,, Wendell Rcrry, a, well as Mnmie Muller of the Karunlt l<mrnnl. Gr:ipl11cs in the book include the.• \\Ort of Katuah's Rob Mcsskl.. The book is a large-format r;ipcrhack with 192 pages. includrni; resources and a reading list. Copies arc available by mnil for S15.70 from RM Designs: Boi Tnlhng Lto,~.s i~ • mor11hly JOWMI nf ~ ecoloay, in.<rircd p,,rwoaJ 11e11,·i= rooted UJ CNtheo ~piri11111iiy. Pu1 i"'-<;ues bnc !car~ ani,lcs by Gary Soy<kr. St.Vba"'k, John Sec:J, Joa.nna Macy, B111 Dc\'all. Looc Wolf Circle!'. Barhara Mor, etc. Tnlki11g uo1n SJICU~ for the narural "''-'"d and for the rdcinJliog ot our own 'l-11d 51>in1. Suh5COpUon~ an, S 15.00 on.)Ut/$18.000U1,1dc U.S. S25.00 two yc.tn/S36.00 ouwdc U.S . ~nd ch«k or M 0 . 10 : Tnlkwg Lto,·a 1430 W1llamcuc #36 7 Eugene. OR 97401 503/342-2974 90 8i11m11rc Avcnul! A,hevallc, NC 2 Blocks South ol Downtown rrutoNSETc:1 +. • 0 ~ I . . - tl1c new al tcnmt.h·c • i to tJ1c sleeper sofa wiil1 OYcr 4,000 vcars of customer ~atisfacH~n built in. -- 2601: Boone, NC 28007. Print,,, or Rob Mcssick's illustrations from the book are also avnilablc from the same llddn= Taff, 1991 �The Bell: A Call to Peace 'The Bell publishes commentary and news about peace events and resources. We digest the best an1clcs questioning war as a solution 10 conflict and exploring peaceful alternatives of foresight and reason. We continue to cover the aftermath or the Gulf War, the policies that brought us to that war, and the effect of militarism on our country. our environment, and our world. "We accept contributions in the way of writings, p<>cms, artwork, etc. The Bell is an all-volunteer project that is dependent on donations." Issue #6 of The Bell, which contains an interview with a woman who has maintained a ten year, 2·1-hour-a-day peace vigil across the srrcet from the White House, is currently available. TI1c Bell is published by Col/ten Redt1w11 and Ah,yn Moss. To rrceivt The Bell, send a donmion to Box 634; Floyd. VA 24091. Permaculture Conference The 6th Annual Eastern North America Pennaculture Conference will be held October 11-13 at the Standing Stone State Park, near the town of Livingston m nonhcast Tennessee. Friday, October 11 • Field Day at Earth Advocates Research Facility with an inrroduction 10 Pcrmaculture. Presentations on Saturday and Sunday, October 12-13 - Keyline; Pcrn1aculturc and Spirituality; Solar Power; Bio:.helters; Low-income Community Development/Land Tnms, Monday, October 14 - Tours of nearby Hidden Springs and Long Hungry Creek Nurseries. Costs are: Field Day - $20, Conference registration (sliding scale) - $50-75 single, $75-100 family. includt!s dorm lodging and meals. Tours are free. For directions and additional infonnation, write: Eanh Advocates; Rt. 3, Box 624; Livingston, TN 38570. • TURTLE ISLAND BIOREGIONAL CONGRESS Mark the date! The fifth Turtle Island Bioregional Congress wm be held MAY 17-24 at Camp Stewart Kerrville, Texas (northwest of San Antonio) Rl'g1strahon fet.-s hav<.> not b<.>cn set, but lhcn~ will bc r1.-dured rat<.>S for those who apply bcfore0cccmbcr31, 1991 For funhcr infonnation on fees and arrangements, contact the Turtle Island Office Box 140826 Dallas, TX 75214 (214) 324-4629 Bioregional Congresses 01.ark Area The Twelfth Annual Ozark Area Community Congress, OACC (pronounced 'oak") XII, will meet September 20, 21, & 22, 1991 at Hammond Mill Camp in West Plains, Missouri. OACC has met for 12 years as a working congress (not merely a conforcnce) developing a vision for the Ozark region based on nature's ecological rrinciples. They focus on a range of issues including forestry, water, sustainable agriculture. education. health, community economics, etc. This year's congress includes a number of workshops as well as a barter fair. For more infonnation. contact OACC, Box 3, Brixey, Missouri 65618. (417) 679- 4773. Great Lakes Area The Great Lakes Bioregional Congress will meet October 4, 5, & 6, 1991 in Hell (no joke), Michigan. The Congress promises to be a celebratory, educational, fun weekend. Zones of discussion will include: Water/Air (repon from International Joint Commission meeting, Great Lakes Beach Sweep, toxic issues, aquatic intelligence); Eanh ( organic farming, land use, restoration, tenure); Justice (social justice, people of color, 500 years of resistance with dignity); Culture (alternative economics, children, bioregional education, art, sacred sites); Habitat (co-housing. sustainability); Nature (biodiversity, wilderness, forestry, land defense). Scholarships available. Contact: Bearrice Briggs, % Wild Onion Alliance, 3432 N. Boswonh, Chicago. IL 60657. (312) 929-5565. Ohio River Watershed The Ohio River Watershed Bioregionnl FestivaVCongress will be held October 11-14, 1991. Entitled "Coming I Jome: Spirituality and Ecology of our Region", the Congress is "open to all who desire to create ways of life which are in harmony with the natural patterns and cycles of the bioregion." All attendees are asked to panicipate in storytelling, camping, sharing homegrown entenainment, produce, and seeds. The Congress will be held at the fann of the Sisters of St Fmncis outside of Oldenburg in southeast Indiana. $ I0/individual; $25/family. For more information, contact: John Gibson, 3038 FalJ Creek Parkway, Indianapolis, IN 46205; (317) 925-9297. rnrc. ,., t!l!Jl REGIONAL RADIO Featuring Crossroads music, NPR news and music p rograms, regional news and information concerning health, education, government, recreation, and the environment. WNCW • FM P.O. Box 8().1 Spind,11~, NC 28160 (704) 287-8000 Xotimh Journot pn')C ~ I �27-29 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Ecological Spintuafity.• exploring our spiritual relationship to nmure. Topics will co~cr theology or nature, 1'a1ivc American spir11uality, stewardship responsibility. Pre-register: SSO. For info about this and other programs. conUICt Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont; GSMNP: Townsend. TN 37882. (615) 448-6709. SEPTEMBER 11- 13 llLACK '>tOUNTAlN, NC Black Mountain Mu~ic ~1ival, featuring HorseOics, Metropolitan Blues Alls1ars, Dnv1d Wilcox, Dr. Bubba and Ille O.K, Bayou Bnnd, and other traditional and contemporary mu~icions. Will also include African Drum Festival with Darrell Rose. Cont:itl the Black Mountain FcsLi val Office. PO Box 216, Black Mountain. NC 28711. (704) 669-4546. Ongoing CIIEROKEF., r-;c Exhibit: "The Beu in Cherokee Cultucc." Cherokee Hcri1age Museum and Gallery, Hwy. 441 and Big Cove Rd.: Cherokee, NC 28719. (704) 497-321 I. CULLOWHEE, NC Mountam Heritage Day. n cclcbrauon or the music, dance, crofL~. nnd folklife or Katunh. Cherokee songs, shape,note singing, gospel, clogging. Life skills dcmon.s1r.1tions and more. Mountrun Hcniage Center, Western Carolina University. Cullowhce, NC 28723. (704) 227-7129. SW ANNANOA, NC Wnllace Black Elk, Lako1:1 Sioux mcd1cmc mon. will lecture and conduct h<mling ceremomics 31 the Earth Center. Friday night: S25. Weekend: S150. The Earth Center: 302 Old Fellowship Road: Swannanoa, NC 28778. (704) 298-3935. 21 29 11-13 ASHEVILLE, NC 2nd Annual Organic Gro.,.crs Murkct Day Organic produce, fruit, and growing ~upplics on sale. 8-4. WNC Farmers' Market; 570 Brevard Rd. For more info, cnll Jim Smith (704) 252-4414. 20-22 HIGIILANDS, NC "Cclebnumg Gay Spint Visions· conference for gay and bisexual men. Spc.ikcrs include poet James Broughton and author/healer Andrew R:imer. Workshops on chakra b:ilancing, life ma.~k making. n,e Warrior, and more. Music and artists' m:irkcL ?re-register: S169 includes food and lodging at The Mount:iin Retreat Center. For info, contact Conference: 104 Trouer Place: Asheville. NC 28806. (704) 252-0634. 22 DUNCOM tlE COUNTY, NC 12th annu31 French Broad River Rafting Cleanup. Tidy up the river from shore or from a mrt: call Quality Forward a1 (704) 254-1776 for meeting places and space on a rofL WESTERN NOR1 H CAROLINA North Cnrolino Fu-s1 Citizens Big Sweep will coordinmc river cleanup~ in 18 WNC counties. For events on your tribul3ry, com.act Pat Brinkley at WNC Development Associn11on, (704) 252-4783. 28 ASHEVILLE, NC Ellen O'Grady will speak about her expcnenccs among Palestinians and lsrnclis during ten months spent on o Middle East Witness delegauon. Unitarian Universnlist Church, 2 pm, sponsored by Rural Souihem Voice for Peace. For more info, contact RSVP: 1898 Hannah Branch Road; Burn.svdle, NC 28714. (704) 675-5933. OCTOBER Ongomg CHER OKEE, NC Exhibit: "Coowccskoowcc (Chief John Ross)" Cherokee Heritage Museum ond Gallery. Sec "Ongoing" • Sept 1-5 CII EROKEE, Cherokee Fall Festival 31 the Ceremonial Grounds. Traditional dancing and costumes. dunce competitions, weapons dcmonsu:uions. Chcrol.;cc HcritJgC An Show running concurrently in the Museum. For info. coll (704) 497 9195 or (800) 438-1601. 22 23 AUTUMN EQUINOX, FULL MOON 4-6 JONESBORO, NC l9ch Annual National Storytelling Festival will feature yarn-spinners from all over, including some of Appalachia's best. For info, call the National Association for the Preservation and Perpetuation of Storytelling (NAPPS) at (615) 753-2171. 11-13 VALLEY HEAD, AL Brooke Medicine Eagle at Hawk wind. (See "Wcbworking" page.) 11-13 11,EW MARKET, TN "Building Bridges 13c{woon Community o.nd Educational lnstitulions" workshop. Designed to show community activists how to make good use of university and college resources. The Highlan~ r Center. Sec 9/13-15. I 1-20 HOT SPRI NGS, 1'C "The Buddhist Prcccp1s for Daily Living" silent rc1.rea1. guided by Cheri Huber. The 16 Bhodisatvn prcceplS as guidelines for deepening one's spiritual practice. Pre-register: S325 includes vegan meals and shared room . For information on 1hi5 and other rc1rcat.s and workshops. contact Southern Dharma Rc1rca1 Center: RI. I, Box 34-H; Hot Springs, r-;c 28743. (704) 622-7112. ASHEVILLE, 1'C "The Solar Wisdom or the Incas· wilh Willaru Chasqu1 from the Peruvian Andes. Gnosuc wisdom of the central sun, imerplnnctary mission of the E.T.'s, revolution in consciousness, universal community, and the lnc:in calendar. 7:30 pm at Jubilee, 45 Wall SL Free - love offerings accepted. For more info. contact Valerie Naiman (704) 645-5110. 12 17-20 UNICOI STATE PARK, GA 25-29 ASHEVILLE, NC "Kituwah" - an imenribal Native American cultural celebration. Included will be lifestyle ans demonstrations, competitive dancing, juried fine arts show, traditional crafts sale, and dramatic performances. All events will be at the Asheville Civic Center. Admission $2-7. For info, contact Kituwah, 46 Haywood St., Asheville, NC 28801. (704) 252-3880. HIGHLANDS, NC WNC Alliance Annual Membership Meeting al The Mountain. Open 10 the public. Worlcshops, nature walks, lcgislntivc upda1e. Keynocc speaker: James Blomquisl. head of the Public Londs Program for the Siem Club. Workshops on biOJcgions, mcdj:Juon, environmental effectiveness, and lhe timber sale appeals. ConlJICt WNC Alliance: B011 18087: A~heville. NC 28814. (704) 258-8737. 7 NEW MOON 10-13 NORRIS, TN 12th Annual Tennessee Fall Homecoming. a cctebralion or lrlldmonal mountain cullure at the Museum of Appalachia. Music, crafts, demonstrations of rural life skills, in addition to the Museum's regular cxhJbits. For info, call the Museum of Appalachia at (615) 494-7680. FnJI Ennhskills Workshop will offer serious instruc1ion in the ans and lifeways of indigenous people. Skills include making fire by friction, plant identification, tanning buckskin, stone and bone tools, stalking and tracking, native drums and rattles. Instructors: Darry Wood, Snow Bear, Scott Jones. For info. contact Bob Slack, Jr.; Unicoi State Park; Helen, GA 30545. (404) 878-2201. 18-20 27-29 ll-14 LIVINGSTON, TN 6th Annual Eastern Nonh American Pennacuhurc Conference. Field day, nursery tours, workshops: keyline, pennaculture and spirituality, solar power, bioshelters, land truSlS, more. Pre-register: Weekend - $50-75 (sliding scale), Field Day - $20 additional, to Eanh Advocates; Rt 3, Box 624, Livingston, TN 38570 SWANNANOA, NC Dance, drumming, and teaching with Brooke Medicine Eagle, healer and licensed counselor, al the Earth Cen1er. S11ong emph3s1s oo women's ways, but bolh men and women are welcome. Friday night: $25. Weekend· SISO. See IWl l-13. 18-20 VALLEY HEAD, AL "Women's Ceremonial Intensive" at Hawkwind. (Sec "Webworking" p:1gc.) Ta([, 1991 J �SWAl'\ r-. ANOA, NC "Rcncwmg Worship" Conference spon.sorcd by Asheville Jubilee Community examinmg Crcauon SpmlU3hLy through Lhc works of Ma11hew Fo~. S250 1u11,on + S200 lodging. Jubilee: 46 W311 S1.: Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 252-5335. NOVEl\IDER 21-25 23 F ULL MOON NEW M ARK ET, T N Appalachian Writers Workshop a1 1he HighlMdet Center. Sec 9/13-15. 25-27 25-27 HI GHLANDS, NC "Fall Landscape Workshop" with photographer Sam Wang. Pre-register: $250 includes lodging. For information about this and other photography workshops, contact Appalachian Environmental Ans Center; Box 580: Highlands, NC 2874 I. (704) 526-2602. 26 SWANNANOA, NC Sweat lodge at th.: Earth Center Sec 10/11-13. HALLOWE'l-:N (SAM ll AIN) 31 6 23 SWANNANOA. NC Sweat lodge al the Earth Center. Sec 10/11-13. NFW 1\100"1 7-9 G REENV ILL E, NC 6th Annu:il Altcma1ivc Farm Field Days. Tours. seminars: aquaculture. markeung. compostmg, cover crops, f>C$t mMagement, more. For info. write Caroli no Farm Stewordsh1p A~sociation; Box 511; Pittsboro. NC 27312 or call Jim Smith m Asheville 4. at (704) 252-44 1 28-30 WAYNESV ILLE, NC "Steps 10 Pc:icc" workshop with Sanderson Beck. Inner ond outer pc:ice nnd the principles which bring about peace. h3llllony, jusuce, and respect for freedom. S60 includes vegetarian meals Md lodging. For info on this and other program5, contact Sul-Light Retreat Center; RI. I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786. (7~) 452-4569. 8-10 VA LLEY HEA D, AL "A Weekend lnicns1vc on Lakota Ways• at Howkwind. (Sec Wcbworking" page.) 9-10 SWANNANOA, NC Dhyani Ywahoo 111 Lhc Eanh Ccmcr. "Dhyani calls on u.~ 10 become Pcacckccpcr; in our hearts and in the world." S200. Sec 10/11-13. 16-17 VA LLE Y II EAO, AL Healing Arts Weekend al lillwkwind. (Sec 'Webworking" page.) 20-24 HOT SPRI NGS, NC "Tam,ng the Monkey Mind" mcdit.ition rctrc.it guided by Ven. Thubten Chodton, M ,\mericM Tibetan BuddhlSI nun. Southern Dharma Retreat Center. Prc-rcgi~tL-r: $170. Sec 10/11-20. 21 DECEMBER 5 NEW MOON 7-8 GREAT SMO KIF.S PARK Winter llighcountry C.1mping. For info on this and other field school comses. conlllct Smoky Mounmin Field School: 600 Henley SL (Suite 105); Univ. or TN; Knoxville, lN J7902. (615) 974-0150 or (800) 284-8885. DO YOU ll'ANT YOUR IIAPPENINGS US-TED IN HIE KATUMI EVENTS CALENDAR? listings arc free. Mail tl~m to 1/rother 8/uir; JOO Webb Cove Rd: A.fhtvilfe, NC 28804. l.isltngs for Issue 1133 must bt submilltd by Nov. 15. FULL MOON 22-24 NF.W MARKET, TN An11-Env1mnmcnt:il llaras.,mcm work.shop at the fl1ghlandcr Center, Environmental ac1h·1sts will learn how 10 dc0ccl harn,smcnt from the polltic,1Vcorpor.i1e power st.nJCturc. Sec 9/13-15. "The an!,.l°s oldest .lnd l.ugcs1 natural ioodsgnx.:,ry" 811/k l lcrbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements Y.'11eat, Salt & Yeast-Free Foods Dniry S11bstit11trs Hair & Skin Cart' Products Beer & Wi11c Makiug Supplies 200 W. King St, Boonr, :-:c 2S607 (70-l) 26-1-5220 l)r4wing by Rob Me;s.,d, rJ tJf.u ~ Sand_y Mush Herb N ursery WH OLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANI C PRODUCE WREATHS • POTPOURRI • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more thn11 800 pla11ts from Aloe to Yarrow 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm Tal.t, 199 1 A.I.A., Resource Information Analysis Neil Thomas and Andy Feinstein 3 05 Westover, Asheville, NC (704) 252-6816 Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 28748 Pltone for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 �0 •bwo~ ~,! ~ We ' a fee of $2 .50 (pre-paid) per enrry offifty words or less. Submit entries for Issue 1133 by Nov. I5, 1991 to: Rob Messick; Box 2601; Boone, NC 28607. (704) 754-6097. Tl-IE MOUNTAINS - arc calling me home. I'll be there in Spring of 1992. Nuds: {I) a place 10 put a tipior s111411 camper (nc:ir a wruer source). (2) a babysiucr between home and Asheville or Swannanoa (ttansfering 10 school lhete), and (3 J a JOb. Skills: (I J Organic Gardener {2) Vegetnri.an Cook ( 3) Herbal Prcparatioos. Contact me ac Kathleen Ashley; 1302 Two NO<Ch Road #17: Lcitingt011, SC 29072. MUSIC BY BOB AVERY-GRUBELavailJlbleoo three casseues.. Treasures iii the Stream and Circles Returning are folk/roclc-jaiz, and a JCCcnt release of original chants and songs, Light iii tht Wind. is a cap~ll.a. Lyric sheets included.. Send SI0 for each tape or$26 for all thrce 10 Bob Avery-Grubel: RL I, Box 735; Floyd, VA 24091. '69 FORD VAN, high·l0P, very good condition. $900. Call (704) 488-9347 (doc10r's office - leave message). Kllty StOkely. HlGflLANDER CEN"leR • is a community-based cducaLion:11 orgnni:wion whose purpose is to provide space for people to lcam from e.ich Olhcr, and to develc,pc solutions to environmental problems based on their values, CJtpcricnces, and aspirations. They also put out a quarterly ncwsteucrcalled llishlander R1:por1s. For more infoml!UJOII contact Highlander Centu. 1959 Highlnndcr Way; New Mank.ct, TN 37820 (615) 933-3443 RAW CHEMICAL-FREE HONEY • Tulip Poplar, Sourwood, and Wild0owcr honey rrom the forests of Pauiclc County, VA. No chemicals. no white sugar, no heal ever. Sunincd through chccsccloth and p:ickcd in glass. Limited qU31ltities. Call or wnte for prices & availability. Wade B11tkholls • Bull Mountllin Beekeepers: RD 2, Boit I 516; Stunrt. VA 24171 (703) 694-4571. WISE WOMAN TRADmON. Fall RooLWOtk Wed.end with Wh1tcwolf. November 8-10. For women and men. Dig roots, mnke medicine, I.cam Eanhwisc healing through Joumeymg, drumming, and dreaming. Wann donn and hearty vcgclllrian meals. One hour from Asheville. Donation SISO 100. some worlt exchange avnilablc. Wh11ewolf; PO Box 576; Asheville. NC 28802. LAND FOR SALE: 10 actc privlllC cove. Large organic field. rustic: farmhouse with spring fed water nnd liOlar symm. SITl411 solar ,1ruc:wre. SS0.000. Call (104) 649-9266 for Tom. NATIVE AMERJCAN CEREMONIAL HERBS • we offer a large variety of sages. IIWCCI grass. natural resins, and everything ncccssary for smudging. Native smoking mixtures, flute mu.,ic, pow-wow mpcs. and ocn:monial songs. Essential oils. and mccnscs speciflcally made for prayer. offering. and mcdiuilion. For catalog call or write: Essencial Drcnms: Rt 3. Box 285: Eagle Forlt, Hayesville, NC 2890-I (104) 389-9898. Xatimfl Journot pt19c 34 PlEDMONT BIOREGIONAL INSTITUTE • For those who live in the Piedmont area, there's a bioregional effort well underway. Jom Us! We would npprecillle any donation of time or money to help meet operating expenses. For a gift of S2S.OO or more. we will send you a copy of John Lawson's journal, A New Vo.)12ge 10 Carolina. Also come find out about the Lawson Pro.,ect. PB!; 412 WRoscmnry Street; Chapel Hill, NC27516: Uwharria Province. (919) 942-2581. BODY R11n-,1MS from Pl311Clllly Mothers· a beautiful and paraclical calendar for women to ch:irl their "moonthly" cycles. Send $3.00 plus S1.00 poSUlge 10: Planclllly Mothers Collcctivc(c/o Nancie Yonker); 5231 Riverwood Avenue; Saraso111, Fl. 34231. FAMILIES LEARNlNG TOGETHER· Homeschooling families organization. Discuss issues, give mutual support. shllre ideas and resources, and gnther for family activities. Write Doug Woodward; 68 Lakey Creek; Franklin, NC 28734 for infonnation. LOCAL RECYCLING CO-OP • crunched by glass price cuts! rr you have any interest in the recent cut in glim prices by the Owens-Brockway Company, and would hkc to help do something about the flawed economics of recycling, or just shale information, please write BretNelson; 1578 Bow Hill Road; Christiansburg, VA 24073. THE LOVING WELL COMPANY • is a group of people wooong together to suppon and promote what worb 111 health and education. We arc building a communuy dcdicrucd to pence and 10 livmg in a healthy relationship with one allOlher. For more infonnauon write Naomi Ross; 1433 Woodland HIiis Drive NE: AllanUI. GA 30324-4627. "BLOW YOUR MlND" • with the celestial sootlung music of "Medicine Wind" by George TOCtorClli. Also c.xouc fine-tuned bamboo nutcs in many keys nnd modes. For more information send LO'. George Tortorelli; 86 NW 55th Street; Gainesville, Fl. 32601. (904} 373-1837 LAND FOR SALE • Magnificent view with small house m beautiful Spring Creek. NC. Ten miles south of Hot Springs. NC (o!T Route 209), and one hour west of Asheville. S25.000 f01 I.Ind and house. Perfect for the sctr sufficient life. CaU Landa Deyo at: (704) 675-9575. NATJVE AMERICAN Fl.UTE MUSIC· Richard Roberts, a well lcnown west TN new age nutist (ab Zero Ohms), is now 3V3il~blc an the Ea!i! TN/NC area. For rclaitiog and uplifting pcrfOrmMCC$ or UIJJCS conlllCC Richard Robcns; Box 821; Noms, TN 37&2g (61S)494-8828orRL I.Box 136RD;Lamar,MS 3~2 (601) 252-4283. WE NEED. three families to complete our five family community/neighborhood. Private south facing cove with streams, sprangs. and views 1n Weaverville. NC area. You get 5 to 10 acres for your home nnd equal intueSt in I 10 acres of common land. S2S,000 to 30.000 depending on house site. Call (704) 658-2676 ror more infonnntlon. ~~ ,"l' ~ HAWKWIND Eanh Renewal Cooperative - invitcs you to pan.icipate ma season ofctnsscs and gruhcrlngs to tnke pince a1 our lush, 70 acre wilderness rctm1L Ccnttally locnlCd to Georgia and Tennessee in the Northern Alabama Mountains, our campground and focilitics arc ava.ilablc to members, public gnthcrings and private organizational use. Monthly prog,ams range from Organic G:u-de'1ing, Native and Eanh Philosophies, IO the Environment, Healing Programs, Self Reliance, Women m Transition and much more. Safe Family Camping. Send SI.SO for oewslctu:r ond schedule of events to: 1-!Qwkwind; PO Box 11; Valley Head, AL 35989. (205) 635-6304 BROOKE MEDICINE EAGLE • join this very special Elllthlceepcr, healer. and teaehcr who has dedicated her life 10 the people. Raised on the Crow Rescvailon in Montana, she is a licensed counselor, and has been a moving force behind the movement to ruum 10 the traditional ways of honoring the Earth. Broolce will shatc with us her lmditions, songs. dance and drumming as well as her strong insight into the "women's ways.• October I l-13th, $160 for the wcelccnd intensive. For reservations & details contact Hawlcwind at (205) 635-6304 (evenings best). A WEEKENDINTENSIVEONLAKOTA WAYS· Morning Star and Gilbert Wallcing Bull provide ttaditional Lakota ceremonies 10 their community. They teach Lakota tradiuons: the ceremony oflhc Stone People's lodge, the S:icred c:honupa , lhe vision qllC:il and the Sun Dance prcpru-ation. November 8-I0th, $160 for ru11 weekend. includes Clll11ping. Ceremonies open will\ no fee. ConUICt Hawlcwind at: (205) 635-6304 (evenings bcsl). WOMEN'S CEREMONIAL INTENSIVE· The Hawkwoman Cucle mvi1.es you to gather for a wcelcend of song, dance, drumming. and ritual ceremony for purification and crcat.ion of cen:mooiru Loots. Together we will explore the many roles of the Earth Women, and the ways that ceremony can be used in everyday living. October 18-20, camping fees and o love offering to cover materials and teacher costs. Contnct Hawkwind nc (205) 635-6304. HEALING ARTS WEEKEND· Hawkwmd brings :i scncs of nawnil hc;iling systems together. Joan professional mass3ge therapists, herbal healers, body workers :ind join m purificntion ntU31s to remove !he dis~ and bring the body m10 b31ancc. No,-cmbcr 16-17, S80 for lhe whole ...,eekcnd. Conuict Hawlcwmd ac (205) 635-6304 (evenings best). NEW MOON & SOLSTICE GATHERINGS • Hawkwmd honors the Earth People and !he Natural Native Rituals of clc.insing and renewal. We come togcll1cr in lodge ocrcmony, singing, drumming, dancing, and sea:;onal mcd1ui11ons. Native philosophy classc~ and women's circle meet on Sunday. Novcmb,;r 9/10, December 7/8, December 21/22 Pot luck meals, camping fees. :ind love offering IO suppon resource ccmcr dcvclopcmcm. ConlllCt HawkwinJ ac (205) 635-6304 (evenings best). rnct, 1991 �l'cl \i~e -to \We in " 5ociet_-J that )sn· -t aysf.,nct1ona1 BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE TIIREE- SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agricuhure • Sunnowcrs • 1lumnn Impact on the Forest - Childrcns' Educauon • Veronica Nicholas: Woman in Politics - Little People - Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR· SUMMER 1984 Water Drum • Water Quality - Kudzu - Solar Eclipse • Clearcutting - Trout - Going to Water· Ram Pumps. Microhydro - Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE· FALL 1984 Harvest. Old Ways in Cherokee· Ginseng· Nuclear Waste. Our Celtic Heritage - Bioregionalism: Past, Present, and Future · John Wilnoty - Healing D:lrlcncss • Politics or Participation lSSUE SIX - WINTER 1984-85 Wmter Solstice Eanh Ceremony • Horscpasturca River. Coming of tile Light· Log Cabin Root· Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop • William Taylor • The Future or the Forest ISSUE SEVEN· SPRING 1985 Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs • Worker Ownership. The Great Economy· Self Help Credit Union • Wild Turkey. Responsible Investing· Working in the Web or Life ISSUE EIGHT· SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way or Lire - K81uah 18.000 YCD.rS Ago • Sacred Sues - Folk Ans in the Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle· Poems: Hilda Downer _ Cherokee Heritage Ccntcr • Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE · FALL 1985 The Waldee Forest • The Trees Speruc • Mlgral.ing Forests • Horse Logging • Starting a Tree Crop • Urban Trees· Acom Bread· Myth Time ISSUE TEN - WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers • Cin:lcs or SlOlle - Internal Mythmnking • Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: Sieve Knauth - Mythic Ploccs - The Uktcna's Tale CryslOI Magic - "Drc:imspcaking" ISSUE THIRTEEN · FALL 1986 Center For Awakening - Eliulbcth Callari · A Gentle Death • Hospice - Ernest Morgan • Dealing Creatively with Death - Home Burial Box • The Wake. The Raven Mocker - Woodslorc and Wildwoods Wisdom • Good Medicine; The Sweat ISSUE FOURTEEN· WINTER 1986·87 Lloyd Carl Owle - Boogcrs and Mummers· All Species Day • Cabin Fever Univcrsi1y • Ilomelcss in Kauiah • Homemade Hot Water· Stovcmnkcr's Nrumtivc - Good Medicine: lntcr.,pccacs Communication ISSUE FIFTEEN • SPRING 1987 Coverlets • Woman Fores1cr • Susie McMahon: Midwife - Ahemative Contraception • Bioscxuality • Bioregionalism and Women· Good Medicine: Mmriarchal Cuhure • Pearl ISSUE SIXTEEN - SUMMER 1987 Helen Waite. Poem: Visions in a Garden - Vision Quest. First Aow - lnitinuon - Leaming m the Wilderness. Cherokee Challenge · "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WlNTER 1987-88 Vernacular An:hitccture - Dreams in Wood and Stone . Mount.ain Home - Earth Energies - Eanh-Shchcred Laving - Mcmbrone Houses · Brush Shelter· Poems: October Dusk. Good Mcdicino: "Sheltcrff ISSUE NINETEEN· SPR£NG 1988 Pcrclandra Garden. Spring Ton,cs • Blueberries Wildnower Gardens - Granny Herbalist • Aowcr Essences . "The Origin or the Animals:" Story • Good Medicine; "Power" • Be A Tree ISSUE TWENTY· SUMMER 1988 Preserve Appalachian Wilderness - Highlands or Roan • Cclo Community • Land Trust· Anhur Morgan School - 1.oning Issue· "The Ridge" • • Farmers and the Farm Ball • Good Medicine: "Land • Acid Rnin • Duke's Power Play - Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO· WINTER 1988-89 GIObal Warming - Fire ThlS Time • Thomas Berry on "Bioregions" - Earth Exercise· Kort Loy McWhirtcr • An Abundance of Empuncss • LETS • Chronicles or Floyd - Darry Wood • The Bear Clan ISSUE 1WENTY-THREE • SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet An • Green City - Poplar Appeal • "Clear Sky" • •A New Earth" - Black Swan • Wild Lovely Day.f • Reviews: Sacred Land Sacrt!d Su, Jee Age • Poem· "Sudden Tendrils" Lodge 32 , ~ UA~OURNAL PO Box 638 Leicester. NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6097 Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Name Address Enclosed is $_ _".'""".'.'T":""'. ro give this effort an extra boost City Ya!L, 199 1 State Phone Number Zip I can be a local contact person for my area ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR • SUW.1ER 1989 Deep ListCning - Life in Atomic City· Direct Acuon! - Tree or Peace - Community Building· Pc:iccmakets - Ethnic Survival - Pairing Project· "B:utlesong" • Growing Peace m Cultures - Review: Tiu! Cha/iu and ihL Blade lSSVE TWENTY-SIX • WINTER. 1989-90 Coming or Age in the Eco7.oic Era • Kids Saving Rainforest • Kids Trcccycl mg Company • Connie, Resoluuon. Developing the Creative Spirit· Birth Power • Birth Bonding - The Magic or Puppetry • Home Schooling - Naming Ceremony • Mother Earth's Cl3S.$l'OOl!l - Gnrdcning for Children ISSUE TWENTY ·SEVEN· SPRING, 1990 Transformauon. Healing Power· Pcoce 10 Their Ashes. Healing in Katuah - Poem: "When Left 10 Grow". Poems: Stephen Wing - The Belly· Food from the Ancient Forest ISSUE TWENTY-EIGIIT • SUMMER 1990 Carrying Capacity - Setting Limits to Growth • What is Overpopulation? • The Rood Gang • The Highway to Nowhere - The 1·26 Project· "Caring Capacity" • People and Habit.at - Design mg the Whole Life Community • Steady State· Poems: Will Ashe Bason • Tran$p0f!Crnativcs • Review: Cohousing ISSUE TWENTY·NINE • FAl.l./WlNTER 1990 From the Mount.ains 10 the Sea - Prolile of The Little Tennessee River· Heodwatcrs Ecology· "It All Comes Down to Water Quallty" - W:ucr Power. Action for Aquatic Habitats - Dawn W:nchcrs • Good Medicine: The Long Human Being • The North Shore Rood - K:uuah Sells Out - Watershed Map of the Kawah Provance ISSUE THIRTY • SPRING I99 I Economy/Eeology - Ways to a Regenerative Economy • "Money as the Lowest Form or Wealth" • Clarksville Mimcle - The Village· Food Movers· Lifework. Good Medicine: "Village Economy·· Sheltoo Laurel • LETS ISSUE THIRTY-ONE· SUMMER 1991 Dowsing • Responsibilities or Dowsing · Electrical Life of the Enrth • Katuah and the Earth Gnd • Coll of the Ancient Ones - Good Medicine: "On Aggression" • Time to T:ike the Time to Take the Time. Whole Science. Tuning In Back Issues Issue # __@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $._ __ postage paid $_ __ Complete Set (3-10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-31) postage paid@ $50.00 =$_ __ :K.at ucih Journot. pa9e 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 32, Fall 1991 Description An account of the resource The thirty-second issue of the Katúah Journal is a call for humans to return to a simpler way of life, following in the ways of the Cherokee, or Katúah, tribe. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Barbara Wickersham, Henry Wender, John A. Freeman, Tom Underwood, Lee Barnes, Will Ashe Bason, Ivo Ballentine, Brownie Newman, Robert Johnson, Rob Messick, Bess Harbison, Maxim Didget, Robert Johnson, Emmett Greendigger, Dr. Dennis Scanlin, Deborah James, Leonard Cirino, Melba Bari, and Charlotte Homsher. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Bringing Back the Fire by David Wheeler.......1 A Bit of Mountain Levity by Barbara Wickersham.......5 Climax Never Came by Henry Wender.......7 Is the Southern Appalachian Ecosystem Endangered? by John A. Freeman.......9 "Talking Leaves": Sequoyah by Tom Underwood.......10 Green Spirits: Seed Saving by Lee Barnes.......12 Walking Distance by Will Ashe Bason.......13 Angle: Environment by Ivo Ballentine.......13 Good Medicine.......14 Poem: "A Rotting Log" by Brownie Newman.......15 THE GRANOLA JOURNAL.......16 Livin' By Their Wits, recorded by Rob Messick An Old Family Tale by Bess Harbison The Slide by Rob Messick How Can You Lose Anything as Big as This Ego? by Maxim Didget Paintings: "Mountain Stories" by Robert Johnson.......18 Natural World News.......20 Dying Soils, Dying Waters by Emmett Greendigger.......22 Songs in the Wilderness by Charlotte Homsher.......24 Save James Bay.......25 Drumming.......26 Off the Grid: Solar Ovens by Dennis Scanlin.......29 Events........32 Webworking........34 Katúah Konfusion.......35 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Cherokee Indians--Social life and customs Sequoyah, 1770?-1843 Appalachians (People)--Social life and customs Ecosystem health--Appalachian Region, Southern Acid Rain--Appalachian Region, Southern Solar ovens North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Agriculture Alternative Energy Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Cherokees Community Earth Energies Ecological Peril Economic Alternatives Electric Power Companies Fire Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Katúah Permaculture Pigeon River Plants and Herbs Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Wilderness https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/501565e7337d54952a1f1a4f817e1d07.pdf e2930310495291405c931b80c288e056 PDF Text Text $ 2.00 ISSUE 35 SUMMER 1992 ..:··.:·'. .. .... ·· ······· ...... ....... ·..······· ·-·-:.··········· ····,. ..~.. ··..··,. �Drawing by Rob Messick ~UAHJOURNAL PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 287 48 Postage Paid Bulk Mall Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 f .,c.\ e o,. @ C, ,l {IC () r. Printed on recycled papcT ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �eoNrENTs0 Consensus........................ 1 by Caroline Estes Decision-Making Process....... 4 by Joyce Johnson Problems with Consensus...... 5 by Rob Messick Tribal Council.................... 6 by Bear With Runs Elda................................ 9 by Lucinda Flodin The State of Franklin............ 11 by David Wheeler Where the Trees Outnumber the People.................... 14 by Stephen Wing In Council with All Beings..... 16 by Lee Barnes Steve Moon: Shell Engravings............ 17 Good Medicine................... 18 Natural World News............ 20 A Look Back..................... 23 by caroline Estes by Will Ashe Bason Are Bioregions Too Big? ....... 24 by Rob Messick Practices for Full Self- Rule... 25 by Clear Marks Drumming........................ 26 Jury Nullification................ 28 by Karen Fletcher Review: Beyond the limits............... 29 by Rob Messick Events............................. 32 Webworking..................... 34 Summer, 1992 Consensus is based on the belief that each person has some pan of the truth and no one has all of it (no matter how mui::h we would like to believe so) and on a respect for all persons involved in the decision that is being considered. ln our present-day society the governing idea is that we can trust no one, and therefore we must protect ourselves if we are to have any security in our decisions. The most we will be willing to do is compromise. This means we are willing to settle for less than the very best - and !hat we will always have a sense of dissatisfaction with any of our decisions unless we can somehow maneuver others involved in the process. This leads to a skewing of honesty and fonhrighmess in our relationships. In the consensus process, we start from a different basis. The assumption is that we are all truscwollhy (or at least can become so). The process allows each person complete power over the group. The central idea for the Quakers was the complete elimination of majorities and minorities. If there were differences of view at a Quaker meeting, as there were likely to be in such a body, the consideration of the question at issue would proceed, with long periods of solemn hush and meditation, until slowly the lines of thought drew together toward a point of unity. Then the clerk would frame a minute of conclusion, expressing the "sense of the meeting." Built into the consensual process is the belief that all persons have some part of the truth, or what in spiritual terms might be called "some part of God," in them. and that we will reach a better decision by putting all of the pieces of the truth together before proceeding. There are indeed limes when it appears that two pieces of the truth arc in · contradiction to each other, but with clear thinking and auention. the whole may be perceived which includes both pieces, or many pieces. The either/or type of argument does not advance this process. Instead, the process is a search for the very best solution to whatever is the problem. That does not mean that there is never room for error - but on the whole, in my experience, it is rare. This process also makes a direct application of the idea that all persons are equal. If we do indeed trust one another and do believe that we a!J have pans of the truth, then ac any time one person may know more or have access to more information • but at another time, others may know more or have more access or bett.cr understanding. Even when we have all the facts before us, it may be the spirit that is lacking and comes forth from another who secs the whole better than any of the persons who have some of the pans. All of these contributions are impo11ant. Decisions which all have helped shape and in which all can feel united make the canying out of the necessary action go Oraw111g by Rob Messick (contirwed on page 3) Xatimh Journat page 1 �~UAHJOURNAL EDITORIAL STAPH TIHS ISSUE: Maria Abbruzzi Lee Barnes Heather Blair Chris Davis Judith Hallock Charlotte Homsher Willow Johnson, lheQuwcctor Thanks to Jim Rob Messick Nancy Odell Michael Red Fox James Rhea Rodney Webb David Wheeler Houser for inspiring the "Councils" theme for this issue. COVER: by Rob Messick ©1992 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE PUBLISHED BY: Karuah Journal Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once the Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Southern Plain on this Tunle Island continent of Mother Ela, the Earth PRTNTED BY: The Waynesville Moumaineer Press EDITOR JAL OFFICE TI TTS ISSUE: Billy Home and Gardens, Asheville, NC WRITE US AT: Kattwh Journal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 Here, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection to the spirit of the land. We bring this connection into the being and the doing of our daily lives When the land spealcs, we listen and we act We tune our lives 10 the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preserve, defend, and restore lhe land We give !hanks for all that is good TELEPHONE: (704) 754-6097 Diversity is an important clement of bioreg,onnl ecology, both runuml and social. In accord with this principle Karuah Journal irics to serve as a forum for the discussion of regional isrucs. Signed articles express only the opinion of the authors and arc not necessarily the opinions of the Katuah Jounial ediun or staff. The Internal Revenue Service has declared Katuah Journal a non-profit organiuition under section 501 (c)(3) of the lntemnl Revenue Code. All contributions to Katuah Journal arc deductible from personal income lllX. Ham1ony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As the land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. Articles appearing in KaJuahJournal may be reprinted in other publications with pcnnission from lhc Katuah Journal struT. Contact the journal in writing or call (704) 754-6097. Kattwh Joturwl sends a voice... with anicles, stories, poems, and artwork we speak to the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, lhe human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. 'LN VOCA.TLON - Empowering the Cowu:il Feather Great Spirit, Divine Mother, we know this feather came to us from you, we know it's first purpose in lhe Oeation is to fly empower it so !hat each of us who talces it in tum may look down as the great eagle circling over our Council, empower us so that each may speak as the wind speaks from our own comer of lhe Creation, looking down over the long shoulder of the horizon The Editors KATUAH JOURNAL wants to communicate your thoughts andfeelings to other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, articles, drawings. or plwtographs, etc. Please send your comriburions 10 us a1: Katuah Journal; P.O. Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kan,ah Province 28748. OUR NEXT ISSUE will be about the role of wood in lhe life of the mountains. Please send anicles evaluating the present timber industry. logging stories. and visions of ecological and sustainable ways to cut and use wood. Please also send pictures and drawings of trees. wood, and woodworkers. Deadline is August 8th 1992. - Stephen Wing/ '\'"' ..... ~ •1 \ • • t.,1 I • I •• J ' .. ... THE WINTER ISSUE will be an assortment including stories for good winter reading and possibly renewable energy systems. Deadline is October, 30th 1992. 8 ti b"• .\Jo/ I ~~~·/~~ �(continued from page I) forward wiLh more efficiency, power, and smoothness. This applies L persons, o communities, a.nd naLions. Given the enonnous issues and problems before us, we need LO use the ways thaL will best enable us to move forward Logether. The above is an ucerpt/rom an essay in Home: A Bioregional Reader, tdittd by Van Andruss, Christopher and Judith Plant, and Eleanor Wright (New Society Publishers, 1990). (First printed in The New Catalys1, 1tJ. Spring. 1986) Speaking with CAROLINE ESTES: A Phone InLerview - May, 1992 Kanwh: When you are faciliLating, how do you see yourself acting in the group? CE: As a servant LO the group; to help them come 10 the best decision they can make wiLh those present. Katlltlh: And 10 do that you have to be assiduously neutral. CE: That's right. Katuah: But it also goes beyond that, because when you are working at the Bioregional Congress, I feel you are putting out a lot of energy to...cemer yourself spiritually, could you say that? CE: Yes, you could say that. The way I put it is that when I am doing consensusmaking facilitation r try to keep myself as a clear stream. I am noL impeding; I have nothing in me that is directing. and yet l am there, in the spiritual sense, LO be as much help as l can possibly be. Ninety percent of facilitation is knowing your group on that level. Only te n percent of iL is knowing the subject matter and understanding the words and all of Lhat. MosL of what you are working wiLh is totally subjective and understanding the "vibes." l don't have all the new age tenninology down, but it's definitely true that as a facilitator of large groups. you have to be in tune with the group. If you're not, don'L facilitate. Karuah: It's not a mechanistic thing at all. CE: Absolutely. That's the reason I get slightly hysterical when people say anyone can facilitate. Katttal1: What is the most difficult job you ever had LO facilitate? CE: I can think of times when it didn't work, bu1 the one thot strained the group the most and we actually got the group Lhrough it, was at the second Bioregional Congress at Lake Leelanauw, Michigan when the group tried LO pass a spirituality statement. A resolution on spirituality was brought before the group. Everyone was favorably impressed and, I think, was preparing to Sum mer, 1992 i\...) . adopt it, when two people who had been on the fringe of the Congress all week moved forward 10 say that they blocked it. That was very hard 10 hear because they had not been integral Lo the Congress, and yet they had been there, and since the Congresses are open groups they had the right 10 do this. They were not articulate, so we could not figure out easily what Lhey wanted or why they were blocking it. I asked the . patience of the group for two or three minutes so I could dialogue with them directly, and in doing so after a few minutes it started 10 emerge that the problem we were looking at was the separation of church and state, which no one up until that point had thought about. Once that was articulated in a way that people could understand it. a numbc!r of people rose. including some who had been on the commiuee, and said that they would withdraw the statement. Others wanted 10 sign it in order to show support for it, but it could not move forward in the group. It was blocked. That was one of the most di fficuh ones in that we had a block from inarticulate people who "'eren't integrally pan of the group and were holding up a group decision that until then looked like it had a "go." l think that was the most lenmin& a group has done on why we have blocking. h also tested the paoence of the group the most. It showed a lot of things. It showed that sometimes Lhe facilitator needs 10 step in to try to find ouL what is really going on. It also tested the group in whether they re:illy believed in the consensual process enough that they allowed the time for it to happen even when it was at the end of an incredibly pushed day. . r,_ It got very emotional, but...the system worked! We hadn't thought about that point., and we needed to think about it before rushing into a decision that might have been 100 hasty. Kattlah Whar do you think is the imponnnce of the continental bioregional congress doing its work by consensus? CE: It's incredibly important. In a sense we have been co-opted by the larger society. Bioregionalism is now an accepted word. For instance, California is now looking at bioregionalism governmentally. They are starting to look at how they could break down the state into sub-regions, instead of towns, cities, and counties. And part of it is, 1 think, the power that goes behind any decision of any group that works consensually. You just have a lot more power behind what you say. Even if it doesn'L get into the mass media, it intrinsically has more power. when everybody in the group is behind a decision. Ka11tal1: That leads to the clincher question: which is the most imponant., the process or the result? CE: (Pause) I'd say Lhe process...if your process is flawed, your decision is going to be flawed_ When people don't want to use consensus it is usually because they are attached to their position. And they are right: if they are attached ro a position and unable to see or allow a better position L be brought o Drawing by Rob Messick (continued on next page) Xat.uah )o"i-l'IQ[. P<J9C' ·3 �(ron11nuoo from p;,i;c 3) resen·ations. Proposal is altered after reservation:, are considered, or it is accepted as is. forth, then they can't work within a consensus process. The resuhing position is not going to have the ~ame power. bu! that\ what's going to happen. I understand It. And I think that a second rea.~on that people don't use consensus. and I really . believe this, is that they don't understand n. Every time I teach a course, I'm teaching it 10 people who have used consensus for years, and they are just learning what it means. So I think that lhose are two points that people are blank about: they're attached 10 a position and/or they don't know the process. ,1greement with reservation recorded - Caroline Estes is a fo1utding member of the i111entio11ai community Alpha Farm in the Cascadia Bioregion of the Pacific Northwest. She lwfacilitated al/jive Turtle Island Bioregional Congresses held co date. People watching her ac work are awed by her strength and clarity. It has often been said that the ability ofthe continental Bioregio11al Congresses 10 operate on the basis of consensus has been due to Caroline's ability as a facilitator, a claim which Caroline vigorously denies. This will soon be put 10 the test, however.for Caroline has said that next year, when she 111rns 65 years old, she plans to discontinue facilitating the Bioregio,1111 Congresses and begin to actively ,,# organize in her bioregion. j7' Disagreement or reservations arc considered. Proposal is altered or is accepted, and reservations arc recorded. Unable 10 write - If one individual is unable to unite with a proposal and is unwilling to stand aside, then the chairperson must decide whether to delay action on the proposal or to ask the individual if he or she would be willing to be recorded as opposed. At the next meeting, very often. agreement is possible after more time 10 reflect on the proposal. Recorded by DW CONSENSUS DECISION MAKING PROCESS by Joyce Johnson Purpose: The group must have a unity of purpose and must clarify the purpose 10 all in the group. Everyone involved must have a clear understanding of the group's purpose. Members of the Group: The group must know and trust each other. That is essential for trust-building. Members must be willing to listen 10 each other with open minds. Willingness to learn from each other; participate in cooperative problem solving and conflict resolution if necessary. Members must believe in the consensus process or be open 1 the process if 0 unfamiliar with it Proposal: An individual or the chairperson can phrase this for presentation co the . group. Adequate time should be taken m order to ensure thorough understanding of the proposal. The proposal might not be clear at the begiMing. It is the responsibility of the chairperson to state the proposal so that everyone understands it. Responses to the proposal: Agreement - Agreement without reservation; consensus reached and proposal accepted. Agreement with reservations - Proposal is generally supported, but there are some Xotuofl Journot page 4 \'· j ,I f 1 I • 1 111/l,t Possible Decisions on Proposal: Accepted - Consensus with full agreement reached. Committee discussion - More information is needed before a decision can be reached. Those with strong opinions should attend this discus:;ion. Sometimes a commi11ee can be empowered 10 act. Usually it will then bring the proposal back 10 the whole group. Delay decision - Group not ready to make 1h1s decision now. Discussion tabled to later time. Dropped - Not enough interest at this time by the group 10 discuss this issue. Chairpcr~on (or "facilitator" or "clerk"): Good guidance is very 1mponan1 10 the consensus process. A good chairperson is very often the difference between a meeting working well or not working at all. There are a lot of tools that a chairperson can learn to use, but only experience can tell a chairperson which tool will work best in a given situation. issue warr.ints, cspec1ally if making a major policy change. • Discipline - Ask someone to cut shon 1hc1r comments if they arc repeating themselves or talking too long. Can also ask someone who has spoken on an issue to wait until others have had a chance 10 make comments. Diplomacy - Chairperson must be responsible for dealing with a chronic objector. Deal with this person considerately. This might be the time to say that we are aware of your disagreement, but it seems that the sense of the meeting is 10 accept this proposal. Be gracious but firm. Dialogue - Members should speak 10 the clerk and not dialogue with each other. Silence - Allow time 10 pause after decision before rushing on 10 the next agenda item. Call for silence if there is need 10 pause when there is conflict over an issue. This gives members a chance to think of a way to-.ephrase a statement or to cool off if angry. Clearness - It is sometimes important to ask the recording clerk to read back the decision to make sure it is clear to everyone what has been decided. Clearness Process - The clerk might ask for individuals 10 meet outside the meeting 10 resolve conflict or misunderstanding. Judging What Is Important - Be careful not 10 be so goal-oriented that the decision becomes more imponant than the process. Some decisions might need more time. After some discussion, the chairper~on might say, "I feel that the group is ready 10 make a decision of this proposal." If some feel that they arc not ready, this will give them an opportunity to say so. The Most lmporram Role of the Chairperson or Clerk is 10 judge the sense of the meeting. lt is the clerk's role 10 aniculatc the unity that he or she discovers in the community and to facilitate the formation of that unity. Consensus Does not Mean Unanimil): Consensus means reaching unity or concorda11ce. Tt has been described as a pianist blending complemenrary notes into a chord. It does not mean that everyone encl~ up on the same note, but 1ha1 complementary notes are blended into a chord. Consensus is not reaching the "lowest common denominator." It is instead the,_# "highest collective consciousness." fr Rt!.fources: Judith Webb and John Olsson, A Consensus Dccision-Makrng Model Miduzel J. Sheeran. Beyond t\.1ajority Ruic: Vo1clcss Decisions in the Religious Society of Friends Responsibilities of Chairperson: Agenda - Put issues in order; do not leave imponant decisions until the end. Try lo set time limits on each agenda item. Group can aid this process. Frame the question or proposal with neurrality. Elicit comments from silent members present. Have show of hands so that those members won't be intimidated by more vocal members. Poll participa111S - Go around the circle for comments from each member present if the Joyce Johnson is a ml!mbcr of the Ctlo CommUJJity and the Ctlo Fritnds Mteting. She i.r currtnily working a.rdevt!lopmtnt coordinator for tk Arthw Morgan School. Slrt has/ocilitated many meetings/or the Meeting and tilt! Arthur Morgan School and help.r the students there practice the consen.fu:r proce:rs 01 thtir sclu,o/ meetings. Joyce conducts workslu,ps on the con.•tnsu.f process/or inJtrt.fted groups She may be reached through 1hr Arthur Morgan School: 1901 /JanMh Branch Rd.; Burnsvillt, NC 28714 (7{},I) 675-4262. Oraw.ng by Rob M~s,ck Sum.mer, 1992 • . • •. ' ,'J, �Problems with Consensus I have finally found the major beef I have with the Consensus Process of group decision making. Namely il revolves around the fact that consensus can too easily boil down to Minority Rule, and this has a specific way of frustrating the proceedings wilhin a group or council. When one person or a minority can block consensus, or in effect decide an issue for Lhe group, then that is Minority Rule. How does this differ from Realms, which in truth are not councils at all but Monarchies? The struggle in human life between inLegrity and the corruption of power has raged for centuries, and we have yet 10 find means of reconciling the two into a process 1hat is both just and livable for all concerned. Consensus is often touted as a solution 10 the many problems of Majority Rule voting systems, such as Congresses or Parliaments, yet it seems co me tha1 this emphasis merely replaces one useless fonn of council with another. It is clear 10 me now that both Majority Rule and Minority Rule forms of council usually result in splintered groups. Is there any way to maintain unity among people or various groups in the human family? Perhaps noL It makes sense lo me that an oppressed individual or group would be attracted to a consensus form of council. Such people have surely been under-represented in the politics of the United States of America and elsewhere. Thus they seek compensatioR in small groups where they can insist that their position be adequately represented. or in some cases OVERLY represented. _l d<? not think that rigid Majority Rule or Minonry Rule systems of council will work in the long run in human group dynamics. I say lhis because we as a species have nasty hisLorical habiLS of not being able to share the power of decision making when people's opinions crystallize. There seems to be a much_ stronger potential for many people 10 ge1 behmd a mob, and get lost in it, than there is for individuals to think for Lhemselves or act on their own conscience. Majorities have a tendency to disregard the righls of minorities, often feeling justified in de~9!uing those who contradict the majority opm1on. How then can people participate in a form of Council that can accommodate the multiple concerns that modem human beings have? Scale becomes important to the accuracy of the decisions being made. Geographical size is also an imponant factor. A council 1hat is too small may nol have enough influence, yet a council that is too large may be irrelevant l0 local concerns. The village, which is composed of a limited number of households, is one of the best examples of an appropriate or workable scale of human council. When Lhese village groups are slable then larger councils can evolve that involve a limited cluster of villages, such as a county or shire. Consensus may have worked better in eras where villages were primary to a given cultural way of life. The consensus process may also have worked beuer when times were not as complicated, or when there were fewer decisions to be made. The Summer, 1992 consequences of decision making in the dislant pasl also were no1 as far reaching as they have become in the industrial era; wilness the existence of plutonium and television. It seems lo me that many small or medium sized groups of today could benefit from having a formal Mediator lo help guide the process of decision making; panicularly when difficulties emerge or when a group becomes deadlocked. This form of mediated debate would differ greatly from an ingrown strain of politics that has stagnated due to a few dominant inclividuals. Instead of bec_o~~g compl~tel~ i_mmersed in battling maJonues and nunonues, a good mediator or facilitator would remind participanLS of their common interesLS and emphasize the an of compromise where it is appropriate. Compromise is a learned skill that individuals in a small or medium sized group can develop to auempl to work out solutions 10 problems in a wa~ 1ha1 does noL leave out any responsible adult who wants to participate in the decision making process. In the case of family disputes a facilitator could assist in clarifying the rights of children as well as the rights of parems. Issues of fairness in a setting where no weapons are allowed would naturally become an ongoing concern. A valid council would not allow weapons a1 their proceedings. It is clear lo me now, Lhrough a beuer understanding of human behavior, thal there are some approaches 10 forming council that work beuer than others. Finding ways that panicipants can let go of the spirit of conquest and still be a pan of the group is primary to working toward a successful approach. There are cenainly no guarantees that this process would work over time, yet adequate spans of time seem to be necessary to forming councils that link people at least as much as they divide them. Most of the politics of today are 100 rushed and inconsistent to even begin to consider susLainability or future generations. Good facilitators would have the skill of being able to suspend their judgements enough, or be sufficiently impartial, to mediale lhe vested interests within a given group. A good facilitator would also be skilled in ways of building truSt among members of a group or council. Once such an atmosphere of trust has been created the various secret and obvious agendas touted by people within the group can be identified, slowly brought out into the open, and confronted. Even though solutions or decisions may not emerge spontaneously, at leasl a good faci.litator can provide a forum in which all posilions are aired. Members can go away from a meeting and contemplate the meaning of these positions. which become imponant lo dialogues in future meetings. Those individuals who are most auatched to their own agendas would probably balk the loudest at having a facilitator or "outSidcr" come into their group process. But, as is often the case in human psychology, it is those who refuse good medicine or good _ ,# council the strongcsl who need it most! J!7' · Rob Mes.sick Dnwing by Rob Messick X.Otunft Jouniat PIUJe 5 �TRIBAL COUNCIL • I n the center of each of the larger Cherokee villages were the square and the town house. In the larger villages the 1own house was buiJ1 in10 a large earthen mound. Seating areas were dug into the mound, so 1hat if you looked at ii from the top, without the roof on it, it looked Like a spiral coming up out of the ground. AI the bottom and !he center of the spiral was the sacred fire and !he seven poles that supported the building. The visible walls were only four feel high, and !he whole building was covered by an immense thatched roof. Some of the town houses at the major villages were enormous. The town house at Old Echota, for example, had 900 poles. Many of !hem were 18" through. A lot of them were locus1. They used the seven-pole construction all the way around and made 1he building very strong. But not every village had a town house. The smaller villages used the square for !heir mee1ing place. There would be seven arbors, traditionally called ''beds," arranged around the square, one for each of the clans. Four of !he beds were localed at the cardinal poinis, and !he others were loca1ed around 1hem. During meetings, all 1he members of the clan sat in their clan bed. In each village there were people who spen1 a lot of lime at the town house, in the square, or n1 1he chunky (a popular gambling game - ed.) grounds, which were locaied just to the side of 1he town house. The old men, in particular, spent a good deal of 1heir time there just talking. Thus, 1here was an ongoing meeting around the town house that was happening more or less all 1he 1ime. Sometimes the meeting got mor..: intense when everybody came to the 1own house to talk about some mauer of importance to the village, bu1 01her times ii was just the old men continually discussing the village affairs. When the whole council met, the meetings became more fonnal. Twelve of the elders sat around the sacred fire at the center of the town house. (In the smaller villages there was one representative from each clan.} The rest of the people of the viJJ~ge sat in the seats by clans. One member of the council represented "The Unborn Yet To Be," and spoke for their poin1 of view. II was important 10 the council tha1 in decision-making The Unborn Yet To Be were always taken into account. They don'1 do that any more. I wish 1hey would. They would talk about problems the village faced, like a bad com crop that year or another village which was requesting theuhelp to make war on the Creeks. Consensus was the way decisions were made. The old people in the center spoke first They did not give commands. They would make suggestions based on their wisdom. And oflen the people would follow that wisdom Part of their wisdom was taking into accoun1 the Unborn Yet To Be. Anyone could speak in the council, but it was done respectfully. The old people spoke firsi, 1hen the 01her people could speak. They had to wait until 1he conversation at the center was done, then they would Xati1nh Jo;ucnnfriP'-90i•i111X stand and wait to be recognized by one of the elders in the middle. They didn't scream or wave 1heir arms, they jus1 stood 10 be recognized. Women could speak in the council. Even a child could speak. Everyone had a right to speak their heart. Once I was privileged to sit at the ceremonial grounds wilh a group of old Cherokee men in Oklahoma while they talked about a problem in their village. l saw an example of how lhe old tribal councils made decisions by consensus. There were 12 or 15 old men in the group. The younges1 one, besides myself, was about 73. These were the people who used the Council House. They 100k into consideration The Unborn Yet To Be. The problem ai 1he time was not really clear to me, bu1 I remember tha1 everybody spoke. They sinned off with the younges1 man and went around the circle, each man speaking his piece and saying wha1 he had 10 say. It wasn'1 a "meeting" the way whi1e people run a meeting. They didn'1 hammer out a decision. In fact, 1hey did not come to any specific conclusion a1 all. If any white people had been presen1, 1hey would not have known tha1 a meeting was taking place at all. To a white person ii would have appeared 1hat some old men were silting in a circle talking casually about a mauer of common concern. They just talked aboul it. Each of them spoke abou1 the problem from his own point of view. The world tru1h among these people was the same, so they already shared a broad agreement By 1he time they went around the circle the silua1ion was so clear from every angle tha1 the answer was obvious. and the old men just got up and lef1. There was a consensus. It was all over. It was decided. I fell very fonuna1e 10 ge1 a glimpse of something that rarely happens anymore, With 1he advice of the elders, the council chose the chiefs, called uku's, for the village. There were two chiefs: a peace uku and a war uku. A person was chosen as an uku because he had a lot of personal integri1y and made good decisions. He was a person the people chose to follow and also a role model for the young people. A chief held his position until he made l01s of mistakes, and the people would choose 10 follow someone else. But if he made wise decisions, he could be chief for life. The war chief was probably the mos1 popular person in 1he village, bu1 he was also the mos1 vulnerable. ff he used bad judgmen1, his mistakes could cost many lives, and his career would be ended. The chief was a leader, bu, he did not tell people what to do. h was no1 like "OK, we'll all go 10 war 1oday," or "Everybody go pick com." Like the elders, a chief could only make suggestions. White people do not know anything about democracy and freedom until they know 1he way tha1 the native culture worked. by Bear With Runs Another important person chosen by the council was 1he Beloved Woman. She was chosen for the same reason as an uku: 1ha1 her character, as a woman, was highly regarded by the men and women of the village. Like an 11Jr.u, she would have to show in1eg:ity and personal power. At one time every village had a Beloved Woman, un1il after a 101 of white influence there came 10 be only one Beloved Woman for the whole tribe. The Beloved Woman could no1 start a war, but she could stop one. She decided what happened 10 captives. She spoke up when !he village was lllinking about moving i1s location, and she had a say on 1rea1ies. Other women came to her frequently for spiritual advice and help with everyday mauers. The Cherokee are called a nation, bu1 the word "nation," in the Western sense of the word, does not explain how the people saw rhemselves. They saw themselves as "The Human Beings" or "The People." In the early days of white contac1, the "nation" was only a very loose federation of individual villages. Each village was a power 10 i1self and could follow i1s own hean to a great extent. The tnbe had red villages (war villages) and while villages (peace villages}, and there were also special sanctuary villages. A person 'Yho committed a crime of passion in his own village could find safety if he could gel to a sanctuary village before being caught. He could s1ay in the sanctuary village without being molested by anybody until the following Green Corn Ceremony, when judgments were decided, and compensations were paid. People would have to make retribution for mistakes they had made. They might pay in com, or sometimes a person would indenture himself for a time of service to make retribution. The sanc1uary villages and the "cooling off period" were probably good ideas, because they allowed people's personal passions to wane somewhat, and judgments were made out of reason instead of hot anger. The Katuah village was a sanctuary. and also 1he Nikwasi village in Franklin, North Carolina. I believe tha1 the seven oldest, "mother" vilJages of the Cherokee were sanc1uary villages, although I am not sure of the status of Echota. There were a lot of warriors based 1here in la1er times. While the villages were self-determining political unilS, it was the shared ceremonies, lifestyles, customs, and world view that kept the tribe together. And there was also the influence of 1he clans. There were seven clans in the Cherokee tribe (ahhough a long time ago there were 14). PeOple were born in10 their mother's clan, and tha1 was 1heir clan for life. The women kepi crack of the lineages. Each clan had its own rules and i1s own taboos. The clans 100k care of 1heir own (tonhnucd on P•&c 8) Suni'ttttr, 11992 "" , �• DnWllli by James Rhea �(continued from p;,gc 6) members. They specialized life within the villages somewha1 and k:PI people ~rom marrying too close 10 theLr own family. A person could not marry within the same clan. Incest of any sort, eilher biological incest or clan incest, was lhe worst crime a person could commit The clan system kept out inbreeding. It also helped 10 govern lhings. Besides lhe family cornfields and lhe communal aibaJ cornfields, each clan would also have large clan cornfields. Any excess com from lhese fields would be given to the old and the elderly of that clan, if their families could nor provide for them. The clans also had somewhat dlfferem functions. The Wolf Clan was the warrior clan - the military and the police if that function was needed. The Wild Poiato Clan was more into agriculture. The Paints were interested in crafts. And the Bird Clan was probably hunters - birds, deer. Each clan had different rules and different taboos, depending on their function in lhe community. While the clan system did serve to sepanue things and provi_de some stru~rure within the village, on a different level tt also served 10 hold the tribe together as a whole. Clan members were obligated to care for each other. This was the basic rule of the clans. A traveler could go 10 a small outpost village up in Kcnrucky that he had never seen before and could find clan relatives who would take him in and care for him. lt held the people together. Even though the dialect they spoke might be different, they would still be clan relatives. They would still be Cherokee. And 1hen there was clan justice. This is often misunderstood. Any time the rights or person of a clan member were viol~ted, then everybody else in that clan was obligated to make swe retribution was paid for the cnme. For instance, if someone murdered a member of another clan, all the other members of that Xotimfl 1 ~ n l:1,.\ 'hll(Je 8 • 101m,nt ,f \""l~'T'!m 1,t I ~·1~,1..., (I i,1111 'lnn:mol 1lrilll \ clan helped 10 hunt that perso~ down and take his life in return. If the offending person ran to a sanctuary village. he could stay there, but if lhe clan members caught him first, it was au over. This was not revenge. This was the clan being responsible for its members based on our reality. The clans kept a balance between each other. That kept a balance wilhin the whole aibe. group - but at the same time they were ~iven tremendous freedom. There were areas m which an indjviduttl could get glory and personal recognition. Someone who was a great hunter was revered. and a gOO? provider was sought af1er by the lad1~s. There was glory for the young males 1n warfare. However, if someone did not conduct him- or herself properly, they did not receive any approval. People would just ignore them. In most cases, their behavior would be modified in a very short time. Native people wanted at all cost 10 avoid losing face and being shamed. Depriving someone of attention or ridiculing him or her was a powerful way 10 get a deviant person back into accord with the group. The ultimate threat of force was banishment from the village. An action that serious was carried out by the whole village council, because it required the support of the whole community. In that situation, somebody was put 0111 of the circle instead of into a jail or prison. The idea of cagin_ up g somebody's spirit was a totally alien idea. The purpose of this village justice was not 10 punish people, but tO change them. The Cherokee did believe in vengeance, but only against other aibes. fn the whi~e. people's system, people who caus<: mJury are punished. They are made to suffer m an equal amount to the harm they have caused - either by years of imprisonment or by ouaight execution. The dominant culture of today is actually a lot of confused culrural biases which share very little consensus as to what is true culture. Within our culture it was clear. There wasn't anything else. It was either this or nothing. If you didn't belong. it was terrible. The urge to belong was so str0ng, it governed the people's actions. Our consensus was based on a world view that was shared throughout the whole aibe. Because of that the Cherokee needed no couns, lawyers, judges, or prisons. We had very few laws. They were mostly just rational, reasonable rules.based on observation. There was a law agamst urinating in the river. There was a Jaw against defecating around the village. There was a law against talcing 100 many deer, because everybody knew thar if they killed too many deer, there would not be any left the next year. There were clear and obvious reasons for laws like that They were based on common sense rules that nature laid down in front of us. One of the biggest barriers between us and the white people was that we did not have any concept of privare property. • Possession meant that "when you were there it was yours." But the white people did a good job of teaching us differently. The word "fndian-giver" came from the fact that a white man would give some Indians a load or goods for their piece of land and the next day the Indians would be back. The Indians had not realized they ~ad sold their land. They had never had any idea of owning it! They took the presents because it would be rude to refuse gifts of friendship. It is hard for white people to understand our ways and how they worked, because they do not understand how the old Cherokees related 10 the aibe. The old culture was holistic. The tribe was the whole, and the loyalty toward the whole was very strong. The desire to contribute to the whole and to move evenly with the rest of the group was ingrained by many generations of cultural reinforcement ll was so much a part of the culture that it was quite abnonnal to ~ an individual. Cooperation was t~e governing force within the community, and m the old days, before we were too muc~ influenced by the whites. our personal integnty meant a lot more 10 us. People were rewnrcted for their cooperation by approval and love from the In the Cherokee aibe, spiritual life was not split a pan from the political l!fe of the village. It was always there. but It was not recognized as something separate. Because of the emphasis on character and personal integrity, the elders tended to be te~chers and spiritual leaders as well as leaders m the council. At one time there was a religion and a priest society in the Cherokee aibe. I ~ave heard stories about this from several different sources. My own thinking is that in !he tribe's early history when we first migrated south, we encountered the late stages of the deteriorating Mississippian culture. The Mississippian culture "."as ~ on M_ayan and Aztec beliefs. Tht1r pracoces, beliefs, .1l ,'J:n :, 1odcr_ 1..1~ · ~1111o•('to'(Q1 DrawinabvlamuRh~• r.r. ~ :),ill ra~, -..-UJ 1 U w • (Continued on page 30) ,.,, ,,r·.4a1, .JU i ~ ..1:~~ ,.'"1~-''·"M"" O\.\TnJ'TUrr"", l!J:J~ tll t1 ' l )~UHI • �O,.wing by Rob Messick © 1992 by Lucinda Flodin Maybe she's the reason I came to live in the mountains. I know she's the reason I swp when I'm near that panicular place. Sometimes I stop nowhere near that place because the feeling comes over me, and I stop. After all this time I still fookfor Elda ... In 1974 I spent the summer with friends in Limestone, Tennessee, recovering from a shattered romance. I would sit on the porch watching the mountains, but more often I would drive to the mountains and hike through long afternoons. On one of these hikes I became absorbed in following a liule stream and lost track or time. When r stopped to rest, I realized that it was getting late. Night came quickly in the forest and I found myself unable to negotiate the path, I finally stopped in a small clearing only to realize that r was now losr. Around me were trees and darkness and ever-increasing fear. A sound sent me into total panic. I had visions of bears and mountain lions and snakes and bugs! l tried 10 get a grip. I smacked a mosquito who was definitely out for blood. My hean started pounding wildly. I'd probably have a heart auack before a bear could even find me. I was hungry ... so thirsty... but there was no food anywhere... not a bite 10 be found! I leaned over to drink from the stream, but I had no idea where I was or what the origin of the water was. I knew I shouldn't drink any water in the wild unless I was at a spring head. How thirsty I was and I couldn't even drink the water! 1 sat and cried - no, yelled - at the trees around me about the unfairness or it all. Finally I ran out of energy and sat down. Just then the.moon came shimmering through the su-mmcr, 1992 ELDA trees, and I rudn't feel so alone. As I looked across the clearing, it seemed that if I just walked around the big tree in front of me, I could get a clear view of the moon's face. As I pushed away the low branches to duck around the tree, the Earth s11dde11/y fell away beneath me. There was nothing gradual about this moment. One second I was on the ground, the next I was in space - learning gravity as I'd never learned it before - tumbling, falling, rolling. It happened so quickly I had no time 10 fear as I bounced through bush and briar. I tried 10 clutch the Earth, but I wasn't sure where it was - sometimes above me, sometimes below, pounding at me wherever we met. Eternity was caught in a single moment. Would it ever stop? At last I became more of the eanh than the sky, and I rolled into a resiing spot in a patch or briars. Pain and eanh grJbbcd me back from space. My last thought was wondering if the spinning would ever cease ... Warm sunlight on my face, my bed felt so good. The dream had been so real. I'd never dreamt so vividly. I decided to grab the journal at my bedstand and write it down . before the memory faded. It was the reaching for this journal that brought abrupt physical pain. I tried to open my eyes. How I hurt! Oh, no! This wasn't my bed! This wasn't a dream! Hope crashing, I opened my eyes to the canopy of young tree growth above me. It hun to look ouL lt hun to breathe. The thought of moving hurt. Maybe I was dead. lf not. I surely would be soon. A tear burned down my face. I could feel my fingers. l could feel my toes. Pain filled them all and soon a strange sleep enveloped me. A sense of not being alone brought me back 10 consciousness. Was this the mountain lion I'd feared? As l tried to move, pain seared through my body. A voice like music. or was it the wind through the trees, said, "Don't move, young one, and don't be afraid. I won't hurt you." As I struggled tO tum toward the sound, r felt movement around me until a woman came into my sighL First I saw her hands, veined like the gnarly roots of an oak, yet wonderfuJJy supple. My eyes moved up to a face which surprised me with itS ancientness; somehow it didn't match those capable hands. The face was an intricate mnzc of lines and wrinkles - there were no flat planes. Then our eyes met and I felt myself falling int0 an ocean of blue clarity. Never had I experienced eyes like those - clearer, yet deeper, than a child's. Suddenly those eyes and her whole incredible face broke into a smile with more facets than a prism in sunlighL And that music - no, it was her voice. "You arc amazed, young one. Good, that amazement will help you to heal yourself." "Are you an angel? Am I dead?" Again that smile, followed by a laugh that would have made me laugh, too, except for how much it would have hun. "No, young one. I walk an Eanh path. Some call me Elda. I answered your frightened call in the moonlighL" I realiz.ed that I no longer was lying in briars. Hadn't I landed in briars? My eye caught a thiclcet of them a little way from when: I lay. (continued on ow page) )(.Qtimh JoUf'tlat PQIJI'- 9 �(CQitinued f'rom pego 9) "Briars don't make for sweet dreams; soft pine needles and grass make for more comfon. You'll rest easy in this baby forest, and the Eanh will help your healing. You have strong bones, none are broken. Your muscles are strained. Only a few of your cuts are deep. This gash is deep for it bleeds stil1, but it has bled enough. Feel it closing and healing in your thoughts, little one." She reached into a pouch at her side and took a pinch of some powder and blew it into the CUI. "What's that stuff?" "A pinch of puffball to stop the blood. It has bled enough now. You are curious? That is good. I like curiosity. I will teJJ you of the plants." I grew anxious at all these answers to unasked, sometimes uninfonned questions. "And you are afraid. Are you always afraid, little one? Breathe or hum a song. It will help." She took a bowl -1 think it was a bowl, though it may have been a hollowed-out tree gnarl - and with a feathery leaf began to wash my cuts. "This is yarrow, cooked in water in the sunlight. It will numb your pain and let us work on your injuries." As she gently washed them. I could feel the pain numbing, lessening. "Th.is will allow us to bathe them again." With the numbness, I was able to move to see myself. Everywhere I could see my skin, it was covered like a roadmap with scratches. The skin around the scratches was deepening as bruises formed. I wanted to throw up, but that would have required movement. "Skin mends, young one." "I'm not that young, and my name is Lucinda." "To me you are very young, Lucinda." As I looked at her ancientness, f felt silly at having snapped at her. Throughout the day as I moved in and out of sleep. I felt her near me. Her words wafted through my consciousness as she washed my legs with chickweed, little star woman, comfrey, burdock, more yarrow. She helped me sip red clover from a bowl. It all was like a confused dream. Sometimes r would hear her talking. Actually, it seemed that she was having two-way conversations with the plants. / must be mad' And then I'd doze again. "Are you magic?" I asked in a moment of lucidity. "No, child... Lucinda. I am a child of the Earth, like yourself. I've tended this forest garden, and it has tended me, for longer than 1 can even remember. We take care of each other." At dusk, a drink with a strong taste... "Skullcap, 10 mke the pain for a deeper sleep." I did sleep - deeply - and without fear. I could hear her voice as I drifted. "You are safe under the trees, on the Eanh, with the stars. Sleep sweetly. Dream wellness." I awoke to the twittering of birds. I stiU hun, but I could move. Again I wondered a1 ~~~ J?~~~. p~!Z ,10 ~e.reality of Elda. then she stepped into my v1s1on. Yes, she was really here. It was like she was invisible one moment and there the nexL Yet I knew she had really been there. She was real. I was overcome by the wisdom I sensed in her presence. "Today you might feel hungry. I've brought you food." She opened a giant leaf which I later learned was burdock filled with violets, clover blossoms and sweet-tasting leaves and berries. She would name them. "It's so much. I'll never remember them." "You don't learn them all at once, dear one. You learn one plant at a time. Each is your teacher." I contemed myself with the nourishment I felt pervading my body. AU that day Elda fed me and I told her of my journey. She only laughed when 1 got to the part of being so hungry and so far from food. She found that delightfully funny, and I felt foolish. But then r looked around, and I, too, was struck with the humor of it. Somehow it seemed that all the plants around us also laughed, but I wouldn't swear to that. Moving became easier as the day went on and I was amazed at how much better all my scratches were. Elda made a poultice (I remember her using that word) of plantain and elder for my bruises. I could feel the soothing relief and the healing begin. 'Tomorrow you will be able 10 travel," she said as the sun was gold in the west. We sat with a bowl of salve which tasted full and thick as soup. "I will show you a shoner route." I didn't want 10 go, but suddenly I thought of my friends, Dan and Ruby, and I knew they must be panicking by now. "I would like to know more about plants, Elda." "Well, talk to them, dear. They like to be remembered." I went to sleep imagining myself in conversation with a fem and wondering about my sani1y. Walking down the mountain \l.ith Elda in the morning was an adventure. It was a completely different path, I think. I wasn't really payiog much auention on the way. She pointed out plants, talked to them as friends. and treated them with re:;pect. Before I knew it, we were at my car She laughed, "Ah, just the friend you need now." And she told me to pick the sticky flowers growing around my car. "Calendula. Make them into a tea to soothe your wounds." "How do I thank you, Elda?" "You don't, dear one. You pick the flowers and make yourself strong." It seemed like just a moment later when a state trOOper stanled me. I looked toward Elda, but she was gone. My friends had reported me missing. He had been looking for me and had found my car. "Did you see that woman?" "No, miss. Just you here. No one Jives up in these pans. I'll drive you." I went home and healed up, though one scar remained on my leg as a reminder of the adventure. But 1 still thought about Elda and wanted to see her again. Several times that summer I returned to that area, but I could never again find that exact spot where I had met Elda. l asked campers and hikers, and I stopped at every house in the area. No one had heard of anyone sounding like Elda. They sent me up 10 Granny Pierson who was the oldest person around and who reponedly became confused at rimes. We talked. She drifted in and out of memory, a sharp contrast to the clearity of Elda's mind. She couldn't recollect much at first, but finally she began, "There was this old woman. What was here name? Something like that, but, Lord, hooey, hit's bin since l was a girl An old 'erb woman. She was old when I was a child. Lord, she'd be in the grave more'n seventy year now. J remember her, though, but my mind's leavin' me." My friends listened patiently, trying to be supponive, but occasionally suggesting that maybe I'd dreamed it. Maybe I'd made her up to keep myself alive. I don't know. Could I have made up the richness that was Elda? Her wiseness? I couldn't have made up her eyes! Thar was sixteen years ago. I live in the mountains now, in the same county tlwugh miles from where I met Elda. I dan't ask abolll her now, excepi when I meet old people. But as I walk tliroughfields and woods, gathering plants and learning abolll them, Ida think of her. In fields where flowers seem to be laughing, I sense her presence. I feel tit.at if I could just turn more qt~ickly, I'd see her there ware/ting me - her wise face full oflife, giving nouris/unent. . After all this time I still look for Elda. # P' There are stories from cullurcs around the world and from ns far back ns the Stone Ages about lhc elderberry. UsWllly lhey involve o woman who lives in the tree and ha~ powerful medicine 10 heal Iler children. (I created the feminine fonn Elda for !hi.~ cho.roclCJ'.) But she con be dangerous at times when she is not shown re,.c;pcct. Old supcn;lilions maimain lhat cuumg elder without pennission or the plant brings illnes,~ nnd/or death. Lucinda Flodin lives with her family in Katuah Province near Hampton, TN and is. among other things, an herbalist and a Mory!Alllcr. The story "Elda" is included oo a new audio tape cnlled Mountain Spirits available for SI0.00 ppd. from: Lucincm Flodin: Rt. I, Box 726; Hampton. TN 37658. �THE STATE OF FRANKLIN Land, Liberty... and Mastery by David Wheeler "A beautiful valley and the almost boundless West lay before them, beckoning all to adventure themselves. The thing most worthy of remark is the far reach and wide range of the vision and the plans of the people of Franklin, and the projective power that gave them and their descendants a very considerable mastery of men and measures througlwut the generations that /rave followed." - Samuel Cole Williams in The Lost State of Franklin they could hunt. They built their own log homes, provided their own clothing, and made their own whiskey. Work parties of neighbors built and maintained what roads !here were. The presence of the tax collectors was !he main evidence of the Norlh Carolina state government. The settlers were poorly represented in the state legislature. They had to cross the mountains to find a court in (1933) In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War the runnoil of the war years continued almost unabated in the former colonies. These were heady times the imperial power of England had been defeated, new theories of government were materializing, and a new continent lay open for the taking. In !he new nation, talk of politics was on everyone's lips, and "libeny" was the watchword. But in the minds of many people was the thought of land - land to be the material basis for their hard-won right to "the pursuit of happiness." In spite of such lofty hopes and dreams among the European settlers, however, the new country was in a shambles. The government of the State of North Carolina, in particular, was pauperized. The war had taken a heavy toll on !he personal resources of the former colonists, and !here had been much destruction and ill-feeling. The central government was weak: and in debt for promises made during the pressing struggle for independence. By its original charter, the jurisdiction of North Carolina extended west 10 the sea, but under the prevailing conditions it was lit lie wonder that those closest to the capital at Hillsborough received the most attention. The mountains of the Blue Ridge were still a formidable barrier at that time. Settlers following the Great Valley of !he Tennessee River had established a bastion in what is now the northeast comer of Tennessee. During the war they had shown themselves to be stalwan pattiotS, pro<ecting North Carolina's rear from hostile attacks by the Cherokee and Chiclcasaw tribes and turning the tide of the war in the South by surging over the mountains to play a decisive role in the battle of Kings Mountain, But now, not only were the wartime claims of these soldiers being ignored, but Nonh Carolina was levying heavy taxes on au its citizens to rebuild itS shattered infrastructure and restore its government. To the settlers in the west, this was blatant "taxation without representation" - just what they had fought 10 end! This feeling was justified. The lands west of the mountains were self-supponing, living off the crops they raised and the game summer, 1092 which to setlle their differences. Although constantly threatened by hostile natives, their state government would send no ll'OOpS across the mountains for their protection. But the worst blow came in 1783. In order to capitalize its recovery, the State of North Carolina passed a law offering land west of the mountains for sale to setllers and speculators. The bill put up for sale the land from 20 miles south of the town of Jonesborough 10 the French Broad and the Big Pigeon Rivers, conveniently ignoring the fact that this land had been guaranteed to the Cherokee in the Avery Treaty of 1777. This made the natives understandably restless, and in 1784, largely to avoid the expense of sending a military force to defend the western settlers from angry Cherokees, North Carolina passed a bill giving up its claim to the lands west of the mountains and ceding !hem to the newly-formed national Confederation Congress. Congress was too weak and 100 far away to protect the settlers over the mountains. Nonh Carolina had reneged on the task. The seulers were used to protecting and providing for themselves. A decade before, earlier settlers had even established the Watauga Association, the first "free and independent community on the continent," in the words of Theodore Roosevelt On August 23, 1784 delegates from the counties west of the Blue Ridge gathered and declared their area a free and independent state. Their declaration was immediately challenged. Norlh Carolinians were surprised and angered at this tum of events, and when a new legislature convened that autumn, North Carolina rescinded the C.ession Act and restated itS cl.aim to the western lands. It was a vain attempt. On December 14, 1784 a second convention at Jonesborough decided to name the new state after Benjamin Franklin and set about the work of drawing up a constitution. The following March, that work was continued, and John Sevier was elected governor of the State of Franklin and David Campbell was chosen as its chief justice and given the task of setting up a court system. John Sevier (pronounced se-VEER) had been at first reluctant 10 become involved with the movement for independence, but from 1784 he was a moving force in the history of the State of Franklin. By all accounts he was brave, charming, and handsome · a charismatic leader. He was a hero of the battle of Kings Mountain and was a renowned "lndian fighter." Instinctively, Sevier was a consummate politician. He knew the value of diplomacy and the power of force. In his dealings wilh whites he could use a winning smile and charming words to win his way; with the native people he was rulhlessly violent Although he was educated and articulate, Sevier's strongest support was always among the rough settlers on the frontiers of the whites' territory. These were his comrades in arms, the mythologized pioneers. It was moslly from these people that Sevier drew the militia for his campaigns against the natives. The backwoods whites loved and trusted Sevier. They counted on him for their defense, and he never let them down. For three years Sevier led the State of Franklin. In that turbulent era the exact powers and role of a state was unclear. Whether the states were to be semi-autonomous republics or divisions of a strong central government was as yet undecided. One thing was certain: "Liberty," meaning self-government, was the overriding ideal. During the three years that the State of Franklin existed, it set up its own govemrncntal scructure, electing delegates and appointing commissioners. It established a judiciary; minted coins; provided for schools; and, of course, designed a "great seal" and a flag. The frontiersmen were already organized as a de/aero militia, but that arrangement was officializcd. The State also began collecting taxes - frontier Style. "Be it enacted," decreed the state's first General Assembly, "that it shall and may be lawful for the aforesaid land tax, and all free polls, to be paid in the following manner: Good flax linen,... woolen and cotton linsey,...good, clean beaver skins,...cased otter sk.ins, ... rackoon (sic) and fox skins, ... bacon, well curcd,...good, clean tallow,...good, clean beeswax,... good distilled rye whiskey,...good peach or apple brandy,...good, country made (maple) (eontinucd on nc:ll page) Xati4af1 Journal: page 11 �(continued from page 11) sugar,...deer skins, ...good, neat and well managed tobacco, fit to be prized, that may pass inspection,..." In certain instances, Franklin also acted like a national power. The state made treaties wilh the native tribes, which in those times with the central government so weak and ~ id~ of self-government so strong in the mrnds of the people, was not unusual But in 1788, when the effort to maintain their ind~~dcn~ was falling apart, Sevier began a ~non wtth the government of Spain. w~ch held the mouth of the Mississippi River. To the Spanish representative Oardoqui, Sevier hinted that the citiuns of Frank.I.in might ally themselves with Spain in exchange for protection, money, and weapons. It was almost assuredly a bluff, but. even in those times, it was a bold bluff indeed. • The foundation of the "Liberty~ of the white immigrants was the very material ~sidcration of land. From the beginning of its history, the acquisition of land was the other driving force in the remarkable story of the State of Franklin. That the native inhabitants had clear tide to their lands that o~ten went back 1,000 years made no ~erence. The p~ure of the migration of whit.e Europeans from over the mountains was irresistible. Also, disagreements over the authority of the different states, the Confederation Congress, and the State of Franklin to sign treaties and ma.kc agreements added 10 the confusion (which was no doubt exploited when convenient). . Always ready 10 make agreements., the whites did not prove so willing to keep them, and the Cherokee in vain pointed to tteaty )CQtuQn )oumQC PQ<Je 12 after broken treaty. On the Cherokee side the Chickamauga villages, under the leadership of the war chief Dragging Canoe, believed in no treaties made with the whjtes and honored none. Their disbelief was quite correct but their actions gave the Europeans ample' reasons for reprisals. It was a war, 10 be sure, and each side could point 10 outrages and depredations committed by the other. But in this war the treaties were meaningless; the real power was in the superior numbers and weapons of the European occupiers, and they would take whatever their military strength could win. A fine tract of land in the Great Bend of the Tennessee (or "the Bent of the Tennessee"), near the present-day city of Muscle Shoals, Alabama was a lodestone to white investors. In 1784, a company of speculators, including John Sevier and prominent men in Nonh Carolina, arranged a "purchase" of the land from some of the native residents, although the area was deep in the territory guaranteed to the red people. Fro~ then on Sevier's eyes were always looking toward the south. It is felt that his initial opposition 10 the establishment of the State of Franklin stemmed from concern about the future of his investment in the Great Bend. When he came around 10 favor the s~ssion, he began to think that the new state could help his venture, and under his leadership the policies of the State of Franklin were always expansionist and pointed toward the south. Franklin encouraged immigration by whites, even when the government knew that the only available lands lay in Cherokee country. ~igration meant profits, yes. land speculanon was a booming industry in the ne.wly-opened lands to the west. But, more unportantly, immigration was crucial to the very survival of the fledgling state across the mountains. Cleared lands and dense settlements were the best protections against anacks by the natives. The Nonh Carolina Act of 1783 had violated the terms of the earlier Avery Treaty by !f!OVing the boundary claimed by the whnes down to the French Broad River. However. the act strictly prohibited entry or surveys by whites south of that line. But as soon as the State of Franklin was formed, settlers began 10 move south of the French Broad. They were encouraged by the state government. In fact, the State of Franklin had a land office in Jonesborough that raised revenue by taking purchase money for land claims granted south of the French Broad. Sevier felt that this siruation needed formal recognition, so he called together a meeting of Cherokee chiefs in May of 1785 and laid out the Treaty of Dumplin Creek, ~h~c~ moved .the ~undary south 10 the ridge diVJd1ng the Little River and the Little Tennessee River watersheds. However, it was only six months later that the United States' Confederation Congress felt that the central government should assert its authority and negotiated the Treaty of Hopewell with the Cherokee. This treaty moved the line back 10 the north . so far nonh that the town of Greeneville, which had just been named the capital of the State of Franklin, was made pan of the native territories! The treaty specifically repudiated the Dumplin Creek agreement and the Great Bend land purchase. It was intentionally vague about the status of the settlers occupying the lands north of the French Broad River, but it clearly stated that all other trespassers would have to leave in six months or lose the protection of the central government. lt appears that the State of Franklin simply ignored the Hopewell treaty. Certainly their defense of the settlers south of the French Broad was no less diligent. After fruitless appeals to the national government, the Cherokee took matters into their own hands and in the spring of 1786 began attacks on the settlements in ll)eir rightful territory. The FrankJinites responded by burning the Cherokee towns in the Hiwassee River Valley. Later in July, Sevier and 250 men revenged the killing of two other white men by b.uming another town. They then camped outs1de the central Cherokee village of P.chota and called the peaceful chiefs Hanging Maw and Tassel (Com Tassel) to make another treaty. Sevier minced no words. He told the chiefs that the whole country nonh of the Tennessee River as far west as the Cumberland Mountains would be setded by the whites who would take it "by the sword, which is the best right to all countries." Though the treaty contained ample references to peace, love, and brotherly friendship, it was obvious it was obtained under duress. Wiuh such a large armed force outside their gates, the chiefs had little choice but to sign. The historian Williams says in his book: The Los1 State of Franklin, "No act of the State of Franklin is Jess creditable to her than this Treaty ofCoyatee." During this time, the Franklin government was constantly pressing its case Summu, 1992 �; I I for recognition as a s1a1e before the Confederation Congress. Champion for the cause was William Cocke, a backwoodsman, marksman, and a fierce fighter, who had put himself through law school and had found a gift for inspired oratory. By all accountS he gave brilliant. impassioned presentations on behalf of 1he Sta1e of Franklin, bu1 it was no1 enough to shake the political support mustered by North Carolina to block Franklin's recognition. By 1786 the strain of carrying on the border wars single-handedly had begun to tell, and the firm resolve of the Franklinites began to waver. North Carolina cleverly exploited this shif1 in sentimenL Under the leadership of John Sevier's archrival, John Tipton, North Carolina attempted to hold an election 10 send representatives from "the western counties" to the state legislature. The Franklin government answered the move by holding their own elections for the North Carolina legislative seats. The Franklinites won overwhelmingly, but this recognition of North Carolina's authority proved 10 be the first stroke of the wedge that split open the Franklin government. Tipton also sponsored North Carolina couns, which operated parallel 10 Franklin courts, often in the same county. Vigilantes from both sides broke up court sessions and took valuable papers. There were angry public meetings, and some brawling took place, involving Tipton and Sevier themselves in one instance. The situation was fast deteriorating into civil violence.. John Sevier made several valiant attempts to save the faltering State of Franklin. Knowing the unifying value of war against the native people, he proposed one idea that would hopefully save his government, win the coveted Great Bend area for the_whites (and his investment company), and gain some respite for the settlers on the southwest frontier. At the time, the State of Georgia was continually at war with the Creeks. Sevier proposed 1ha1 in the spring of 1787 soldiers from Georgia and Franklin join together in a punitive campaign against th111 tribe, which jus1 happened to control the Great Bend are-a. Instead of cash payments, the soldiers who undertook the expedition would be rewarded with land grants in the Great Bend, which they would afterward help 10 retain. The plan never materialized, as Georgia made a temporary peace with the natives. Early in 1788 the sporadic hostilities between the two factions in Franklin flared up. John Tipton seized several of John Sevier's slaves under a Stale of Nonh Carolina court judgment and transported them 10 his home for safekeeping. Sevier was in the las1 few days of his governorship and was tired and discouraged, bu1 rhis was a slap in 1he face that could not be ignored. The separationists surrounded Tip1on's house in force and, although Sevier urged restraint, a melee erupted. Two men were killed and Sevier's two sons were capiured. Tipton wanted 10 hang the young men, but was persuaded to release 1hem. Sevier subsequently lef1 for the border wars on the frontier, "where no writs ran and lhe rough seulers were devoted to him," as John summer, 1992 VIRGINIA --------~.~~.r~ttf)lfWl~if1}r-------------..:::~-,.R-... 1-&KLiN·:·,::"' .. NORTH .-,::.\(}iY:.:\~f{/· CAROLINA _, ~,-- - - - ·- -.,, - - - - - - ------7,.... ' , '------,... ' ',, ' ', \ ' ', 11SS Map Preston Arthur commented. This is generally marked as the end of the State of Franklin. It was in 1790, with more wars with the Cherokees looming, that North Carolina finally gave up and ceded control of Franklin to the United Srates Congress as part of the "Southwest Territory." Franklin was finally admitted to the Union as pan of the State of Tennessee in 1796. The first elected governor of the Staie of Tennessee was, no1 surprisingly, John Sevier, and he la1er served as a congressman as well. appeared as I.he stubborn independence so admired in the Appalachian mountaineers. At other times, however, it appeared as 1he will for mastery, whether over the land, events, or those who would oppose them. Even today, we still see traces of this, the tangled legacy left by the early while seulers of the mountain region. Special thanks to Barbara Wickersham for the valuable research work she contributed to this article. Resources: The wild Appalachian lands brought out both the best and the worst in the firs1 Europeans to inhabit the Katuah Province. They were fiercely devoted 10 ideals of freedom and justice; they were at the same 1ime greedy and ruthless. A deep-seated detennination drove them. Sometimes this Gerson, Noel B.; Franklin: Atrurica·:r Lost State: Crowell-Collier Press (New York, 1968) Williams, Samuel Cole; Ilistory of the Lost State of Franlclin; The Press of the PiollCCIS (New York. 1933) Cornstalk Dreams Poverty is living in a shotgun house with chimney bookends Listening to rain tapping on a cheap tin roof Huddling around the fireplace like a dark medieval clan. Poverty is running barefoot through a maze of corn fields Splitting open a watermelon just for its heart Worrying until payday if we would be fed at least with butter beans and cornbread - Sandra McClinton - .. X.Otimh )ournnt page 13 �WHERE THE TREES OUTNUMBER THE PEOPLE: I<atuah's Regional Rainbow Gatherings In the Mtigical U1nd of the Rainbow, a neo-tribal culture is teacl1ing and learning the arts of Cooperation and Commu,1ity by Stephen Wing "Welcome Home!" The implications arc enormous. Somewhere back in the mythical mists of the Scvenries, a tribe of multicolored folJc called the Rainbow Family began to hold a "Gathering of the Tribes" every summer deep in the wilderness, where the trees oumumber the people. They were "Family" because they considered all people brothers and sisters; they were ''Rninbow" for the harmony of their many colors; and they called out "Welcome Home!" because wherever they gathered on the Mother Earth they were home again. Every Fourth of July lhey observed a silence, praying for Peace and Healing, each in their own way. They fasted and prayed and danced and drummed, and many magical stories have come down 10 us. In the nco-Plcistocene Eighties, our tribal ancestors founded the Katuah Rainbow clan and began to bold a solstice gathering every summer in the meadow below Sam's Knob. Because pan of their inspiration was lhe 1980 Rainbow Galhering in West Virginia, it became one of the first of many regional Rainbow gatherings. It carried on the Family consensus to be free and non-commen:ial, open to everyone, dedicated to cooperative, ecological living, without leaders or rules. It grew and flourished, and Xatuah Journal Pac.Je 14 was known as one of the strongest and most spiritual in the land of the Rainbow. Now at age 21, the Rainbow Family has grown into a large-scale, long-term, worldwide experiment in living out the ideals of the mythical Sixties: a full-fledged al temative culture, woven of many different spiritual, political, and philosophical strands. Outwardly. perhaps it imitates the Nntive American tribes; mwardly, it taps the biological vestiges of one million years of oi baJ ancestry. Everyone involved in Rainbow has their own vision of what it is and what it could be. The vision that is crystallizing for me lately is of a school. Everyone has something 10 teach in the magical land of Rainbow. And somcLhing to learn. Many of us are teachers of something already, perhaps, or know a special craft or skill or even a livelihood worth passing on. You learned your first rai chi step or bcadworlcing stitch from someone. Why not bring it 10 the gathering _and offer a free,. informal workshop? Think of the gathenng as a kindcrganen, not as a university. Even if you feel you have nothing 10 learn there, each of us has something 10 pass along to those following in our footsteps. But there's a deeper level of learning. 0..wUl&J by Rhea Ormond Running away like a bunch of kids playing hooky in the woods is like school turned inside out - a space in which we can a.U enter a kind of second childhood and re~ate ourselves. We heal ourselves instinctively by re-imagining society in a sane way, becoming each other's long-lost extended family, learning how to love and accept each other, and feel loved and accepted in turn • some for the first time our lives. It is incredibly therapeutic just to be in a place where it is okay to love. But in order 10 maintain this magical healing space, we have to work together 10 feed everyone, deal with sanitation, medical needs, children, authorities, parking, drinking water, and camp security. We have 10 make decisions that acknowledge everyone's poinl of view, including the trees, the streams, the wildlife, the genemtions 10 come. This is a yet deeper learning. We are learning to come together as a community, a circle, a tribe - rather than a collection of self-centered individuals - and act for the best interest of the whole instead of our little part. Few of us had the benefit of a tribal upbringing. Ninety percent or more of the ordinary families out there arc dysfunctional, studies now say, producing dysfunctional people. Our tribe is made up of refugees from that world; we cannot create World Peace without some healing. Most of the problems that plague the "national" Rainbow Gathering are problems of scale. But a few stubbornly show up al regionals, too. They are the chronic dysfunctions of the dominant culture, "Babylon": abuse of alcohol and drugs, scamming, inflated egos, male-female imbalance. These arc the things that we cannot leave behind when we leave our cities and cars. l ust4 to worry about them. But then l realized that it is okay. Rainbow is a school. These are our assignmenrs. That is why we leave all the civilized disu-actions behind: to focus on what counts. At the scale of a regional gathering we can do that - but not without a conscious commitmcnL I have seen miracles happen when the wisdom and the will of the people have been summoned to a serious council. Through the magical ans of passing a feather in a circle and listening, of communication and compromise, I believe we can learn 10 resolve any conflicL But we have to practice. And the presence nnd guidance of people who have done some of the inner work themselves is invaluable to those who might otherwise stumble over the same mistakes. Becoming a Tribe may not be an idealistic fantasy from the mythical Sixties forever. We are learning how to live without money, lawyers, governments, police· even gasoline - because it may soon be necessary. We arc learning it, 1 believe, because the future of our families down 10 the seventh generation depends on our learning 10 live together as a functional Family. I hope we are learning it in time. For dirtetioM to tM Ka11,ah Rainbows-, Solstiu Ga1hviltg, JUM 12-22, son~p/ace where the trees OUIIIUl1IMT IM people, coll the A1/a111a Rainbow Ughllillc: (404) 662--6112 or write 10 /IOI. address below. To help out In adllOIICe, contact Katu.ah Roillbow direc1/1 clo l.ulit Wagenheim: 996 Yellow Breeches Rd.; Cosby, TN 3m2 (615) 428-4633. Summu, l!IN �warp ancl "We Call It a Gathering..." At first sight, it seems to be pure magical anarchy in the woods. But there are levels you learn to see. Just under the swface is a layer of hard wolk: people who are not immediately vi~ble because they are in the kitchens, out hunnng firewood, al the parking lot, on a supply run. They carry lhe whole thing literally on their shoulders, often to the point of straining. As soon as we realize we are the tribe and volunteer, the whole thing is easy. Underlying everything we do is the consensus of the council, a periodic circle to pass a feather and listen 10 each person's perspective in turn. Daily councils are a chance to share what makes us different and what we have in common. When something comes up that requires a decision, we enter that siate of unified undersianding called consensus much more easily if we have been practicing. (If ~ere is no co~~cil,just ~u.t up a sign. "Main crrcle at noon 1s the tradit,ion.) Invisible everywhere are the Shann Sena - all of us who are conscious of health and safety and alen for trouble, who have learned to keep the peace in loving ways, deal with emergencies, communicate with authorities - and anyone willing to learn. You can pretend the gathering is a free ride or a carefree utopia; you can avoid the problems and still have a wonderful time. But "sister" and "brother" really begin to mean something when you accept responsibility for the well-being of the folks around you. Then there are the people who are praying. Our circles before meals, sweat lodges and Sufi dances, ceremonies at equinoxes and solstices, etc., carry the natural sense of community one step higher. Participating in the Divinity of each moment helps focus the natural srate of awareness called a tribe. Underneath it all is the root-system of our friendships. Slogans of peace and love do not make us brothers and sisters; a Family forms out of time spent together, real time. Year after year we work, eat, council, and celebrate together, between gatherings we live and travel together. We gather in the parks back home. Travelers come through. We grow 10 know and to trust each other. The Rainbow Family is a vast network of relations. a fabric woven by the physical s,unmcr , 1992 .. , 1 , ~pfrhtlal ~efi-of our•~n& tOgethet. . ruo ~!1-nrr . .-.- {·n· ~ rr·,77-,v.z We have over a generation of history between us now. We are much more than just a "counterculture.'' Traditions have developed, a slow evolution of consensus agreements, along with a tendency to keep evolving. Naturally we have our elders of the tribe - but in this tribe each one of us chooses our elders. Listen for the voice of experience. But don't take anybody's word for iL Look under the swface, and watch who's doing the work. People will be noticing the same about you. To some of us baby-boorners it's news, but work is necessary to survive anywhere. Babylon sacrifices the daily labor of millions to feed a privileged few; a tribe shares the work equally out of Jove for one another, so no one has to do too much. The people who created this magical village in the woods are working hard, making sure you will be safe, warm, and fed. But many of us grew up in middle c~s households where that much was a given we were the privileged few. Don't take it for granted in the woods. Join the dinner circle, pay attention to announcemenrs, spread the word! Go to council; remember to listen before you speak. Say your peace. And if you want to join the tribe, just find a place 10 piteh in and help. As for the panhandlers at our gate, the ego-wrestling and ripoffs, the truckloads of rrash, the bliss-ninnies and rainbozos - it's helpful to remember that compared to most tribes we're still in our awkward adolescence. Most of us weren't born in the Rainbow Family. We were,bom in Babylon. A lot of us got pretty messed up out there before we found our way Home. A lot of Babylon's mess got tracked in on o~r heels. Much of our effort to heal the Eanh 1s an ongoing struggle to heal ourselves and our relationships - to learn how to really be a "Family" - and to raise truly.healthy ki~~Meanwhile for better or worse, Its our Family. As Einst~in's mother put it, "Everyone is a relative." Getting to know o n ~ another over twenty-one years of gatherings ,,: has tended to substantiate the theory. Council Fire Pilgrimage to the old power spot, our abandoned council circle I meet all the pilgrims packing out their tents and trash-bags I find a giant fire-pit dug here since we counciled hard for three hours in the sun to move the council closer to the center of camp Three pilgrims rest here on a log: they too casually join the council of all vanished tribes around the coals of the original fire - Stephen Wing (E.xurp1ed. with "visions by the awhor.from 110!. a ~wsllove /mer to the Rainbow Tribes of the Southeast, Spring 1992 iss~. Contact llO! at Box 5455; At/0/lla, GA 30307) Sun, evening shadows, mist that drifts to rain: the food is ready and we join hands. It's only the clear day's light refracted through the wet nights that makes this Rainbow on the ground. Our circle makes a hole in the ground spirit rising like water in a well, falling like the light on a po11d, the round earth and the rolling sky joined in a circular kiss ... The Circle makes us Whole. Oraw,ng• b)I Ray Ramcs Poems wriuen by Stephen Willg at tire 16th a111111ol Rainbow Garhering, Nanw/,a/a National Forest, Kataoh Province, J11/y, 1987. ~ti1nfl )durnat pnqe IS �In Council With All Beings ;,· , -,r,~ :: •. 3TE by Lee Barnes Human(un)kind's ability to council with All Beings is limited by our human egos, our historical fall from Oneness-WithAJJ. Several "en-Lighten-ments" have aided my personal path towards council with All Beings, including accumulated personal experiences and insights from several books. Council comes to me when I rest my active brain and allow thoughts from All Beings to enter my mind. (Term this as you may - telepathy, insight, second-sight, etc.) We humans have not evolved in limbo from All Beings; rather, we have become insensitive and unconnected from our relations with the great Webs of Life which sustain us. From long experience, I realize that my thoughts (and deeds) do not remain restricted within my bony skull - we can and do touch other Beings with our thoughts. managing to interconnect, apparently without regard to time or distance. Time, mauer, and space appear to be complex illusions created by our physical and spiritual perceptions, historical and modem cultures, mammalian senses, and personal experiences. l totally accept the iraditional beliefs that all things (All Beings) a.re alive and interconnected. We can relate to the other Beings of the world with either an expansive or contractive "attitude." With an expansive "attitude," we can expand our consciousness and encompass All Beings within ourselves. A series of physical and spiritual experiences while hiking over 4000 miles in Katuah forests (and in other regions) has auuned my personal council with All Beings. Usually after about three days in the forest, away from modem "civilized" life, I find myself more in tune with the "real" world. l more closely follow changing day-lengths; more carefully realize the moonlight's effect on animals; better understand the words in the wind; hear the many voices in falling waters; feel the energy of metamorphic and igneous boulders; and recognize the individual tree within the con1ex1 of the forest. I am an unashamed tree-hugger, for trees, especially the forest giants ("wooden Grandfathers") do share energies, and focus Earth energies (although l have felt "indifference" from some trees... ). I have (infrequently) attuned with animal energies by watching hawks soar above, and suddenly becoming "one" with them, glicling over the valley. This was not empathetic daydreaming, but rather I was there in the sky, soaring on wings! I have shared the scene of the land through the eyes of another, equal Being! A specific experience that occurred within a guided group workshop influenced my insight into council with All Beings. During an early morning circle and council based on guidelines from the book Thi11king Like a Mountain: Towards a Cou,rcil of All Befogs (by John Seed and Joanna Macy, 1988, New Society Publishers), I was Xatuah Journnt pnge 16 greatly moved and led 10 a greater appreciation and communication with All Beings. Tllillking Like a Mountain is an inspiring collection of meditations, readings, and most imponan1ly, a guide 10 interspecies communications, which has led humans to greater empathy and union with All Beings. The workshop is usually led by a facili1a1or who guides individual participants 10 "voice" their (telepathic/etc.) thoughts from whichever Beings enter their minds. Typkally in these guided workshops, specific Beings are allowed to voice their cries and frusira1ions wilh human destrUction of their environment and 1be lack of human care about their council. In this particular circle, a "Talking Stick" (brought by a reacher and missionary from African cultures) was passed and used 10 designate each individual speaker. ln council, we heard from several Beings · circling hawks, lowly slugs. and even the voice of the Mountain bcnemh us. 111ese Beings were in anguish, voicing their ~uffcring at the hand of modem human "civilizations" - spoiled waters, fouled air, and their pained existence due 10 human(un)kind's actions. This council would have aroused great disgust towards our human selves, except for the positive counsel offered as 10 how to rcconnec1 with All Beings. While each instance of this method is unique, depending upon the specific seuing and the different panicipants, it remains a powerful personal experience. We two-lcggcds muse seek better council with the universe and with All Beings. We must open our hearts to council, reduce our wasteful over-consumption, and halt the destruction of our fragile planet. Live simply; use only what you need; recycl~ and in all decisions think how the next seven generations of All Beings will be affected. Give thanks 10 the water spirit.~: thanks to green spirits; thanks to the living soil spirits! Give prayer and thanks to All! And then you may learn through council witl1 AH Beings. I encourage all of the two-leggeds, especially the city-shocked brothers and sisters, 10 go simply into the the depths of your existence, leaving your egos (and every restrictive training) behind. and 10 seek open and unrestrictt.'<I council with All Beings. Be open 10 new insights and experiences: be rcspec1ful of all other Beings (whether, stone, fire, water, air...); and offer thanks for council with the rest of Creation. Voice prayers, offer thanks, and continue 10 seek council with All Beings.j - ' # Drawing by Mich11CI Thompson Ho. Sum,ncr, J 992 �STEVE MOON ·1 , " SHELL ENGRAVINGS" The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, a distinctive culture of the native First People, flourished from the east coast to Texas between 500 and 1600 AD. The culture was marked by mound building and elaborate rituals and ornamentation. Among the primary items produced were carved ceremonial drinking vessels and gorgets (chest ornaments hung around the neck) made of shell. Designs were often engraved on the concave or inner side of the shell, which is naturally smooth and glossy. They were sometimes rose tinted. These anifacts are now highly prized by collectors and many of the old mounds have been looted by avaricious grave robbers. Steve Moon is an artist and a defender of the native grave siteS. Descended from a Cherokee-Shawnee great-grandmother, he is proud of the native branch of his bloodline and works in the spirit of the ancient native artisans. He creates museum-quality reproductions of the old shell engravings and also creates original designs based on traditional motifs. "I just sit around and things come to me sometimes," says Steve. "I don't know why, but things pop into my mind, and 1 draw them on the shell and carve them. "It's like closing your eyes and letting the tool do the work. There's really no way to explain it. I just go down into the shell until the color looks right, and r don't go any further. Sometimes rcan control the color all the way around. "I may pick up a shell and it will look like an ordinary mussel shell; another time I will be able to acruaJly feel with my mind down into the shell. The shell gorgets and drinking bowls found in old grave sites were ceremonial objects carefully placed by the body during burial. 'They are sacred objects,'' says Steve, "and it's wrong for people to dig into graves to go after them. The old people were put in their graves to rest. They were not put there to be excavated. "On my father's side, 1 had some ancestors who served in the Civil War. I would be real mad if someone went to Flat Shoals Baptist Church and staned digging them up 10 get the buttons off their coats or something. "In Spiro, Oklahoma during the l 930's, grave robbers dug up a burial site. They were taking stuff out by the wheelbarrow-load to sell to the private collectors. When they found out that the State of Oklahoma was going to stop them, they packed the central burial chamber full of powder and blew it up. The chamber was made of cedar logs, and it had preserved cane mauing, textiles, even textiles made from woven rabbit fur. All of it was blown 10 smithereens. "I've talked 10 looters who went in with burlap bags, and I've talked to looters with doctor's degrees. What's the difference? They arc doing the same thing. 'The bowls and ornaments from the ancient mounds were grave goods. They were not lying around in a plowed field. TI1ey were taken off a skeleton. I think they should be left alone." For Steve, this is a hean-felt commitment. Ile offers 10 donate his work 10 collec1ors who will acc~pt reproductions in return for replacing shell artifacts in their original burial silcs. Steve Moon's reproductions and original carvings arc things ofhl!auty. They shine with a luster and a depth that photographs cannot convey. Their varying textures satisfy the hand that touches them. They truly are representations in tangible form of the spirit that moves Steve Moon 10 his creative work. the spirit that inspires his sense of mission. Stev,· Moo11 can /,c co11tacte,J at Rt. 1, Box 256; Cm,011, CA 30520. -DWA' ~ Original from Moundville, Alabama. Carved in the shell of a lightning whelk. Originals with this design were found in Tennessee, Missouri Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Carved in the shell of lightning whelk. Original from Carthage, TN. Carved in the shell of a lightning whelk Orig111al from Spiro, OK. (The design y, as also found at sites across Tennessee, Alabama. and north Georgia ) Carved in Mankillcr pearl shell. �visiting my grandparents occasionally. "MEDICINE TRAINING" (PARTII) These are the words of a traditional Cherokee medicine person. My gr.mdfather would direcl my training by saying, "You need 10 go spend some rime with this guy. You need to go see him." I would go sec that person. and he wouldn't even know I was going 10 show up. would have no idea at all why I was supposed to be there. I would show up, and I would jusl stay 1here for awhile. I would learn just by being there. It w~n·l at all structured, like lhis guy had Course Three for me or something, but after awhile l could tell when they were aclually going out of their way to teach me something. Some people were more theatrical than others, and they'd make me do crazy things. The strangest one was lhe chicken house. J had gotten 10 where I thought I was real special. I felt that I was really imponant, thal everyone ought to bow and scrape and just be honored lhat I was near them. J was making an ass oul of myself, and. ahhough I never recognized il, everyone else did. And my grandpa 1old me il was time 10 go stay with a man named George. He said that l would have to stay there for awhile. When I got to George's, I asked him, "Where am I going 10 stay?" and headed toward the house. He said, "Hey! C'mere." And I looked and said, "What d'ya want?" He said," You can't stay in the house. We've got lots of guests, and lots of people come by, and we need room for them. We should give 'em the best we have. You stay there." Xatuah Journat page to And he pointed toward a funky old sway-backed chicken house that had a patched-up roof and was about to fall down. r just looked on past it. All f could see was lhc rhododendron thickel behind it, but I thought maybe he had ano1her cabin or a building back there. He said, "Righi there. Goddamn chicken house. Yeah," "Chicken house?" He said. "Yeah. Lislen. that's all I can do." We walked over there. ll was about l5 feet long and about 10 feel wide, with big cracks between lhe boards, and chickens running all about He said, "These chickens are renl 1mponant lo us, we get eggs and meat from them, so I want you 10 use that pile of old lumber out in back, put up a partition, and fix up a room for yourself in the chicken house." I just couldn't believe it. A person of my caliber, my standing, in these conditions! Then I thoughl to myself, "They're trying 10 teach me something," but it was nol until a couple of months Inter that I actually realized what it was. Nobody lold me I was egotistical. I found out myself that I was egotistical. r found out after r had dug tons of chicken shit out of there, put up a wall, split shingles, fixed the roof, got lice. I was absolutely inundated by lice. Sol made lye and covered the whole chicken house with it to kill all the lice. I fixed that chicken house up beuer than it had ever been before. Heck, I didn't have anything else to do. In lhe process of fixing up the chicken house, I became the world's greatest expert on chicken conversation and habits. No one knows chickens any beuer than I do. I spent more than a year in that chicken house, I did chores and helped out, and rhat was the way I paid for my keep. Then people started asking me 10 doctor - small things like wounds and scrapes. After awhile, though, they would ask me questions like, "Johnny, he's off someplace, do you think he's okay?'' And I'd say, "Well, I need to think about this.'' And J staned to give them advice. I had seen the other men do it. 1 had seen Owl do it. I had seen how lhey lalked lO people and consoled them. I soon learned to separate true knowledge from knowledge that you pick up just by hearing things. True knowledge is something that you intuitively know from inside. My grandfather would call it "true knowledge magic." Knowledge that you hear on lhe side like you might have heard some other people lalking about how Johnny was al some whorehouse or in the county jail - thal klnd of knowledge I call "side knowledge." And I knew how Owl took that information and used it to make himself more powerful. He said that he only used medicine in one percent of his work. He said information is much easier to come by. He said that the more knowledge, lhe more magic, and the more power you have, lhe less you use it. When the elden; who had been training me thought I was prepared, they sem me out 10 spend time alone in lhe woods. When I relurned, they beld another nnming ceremony and gave me my true name, my medicine name, my spiritual name, that l never have told anybody. It was done at a campfire way out in the mountains, at sunrise on the new moon, a beginning time. We rook the black drink, vomited, and then we plunged in the creek. They collecled the woods and set the fire, smoked everybody who was 1here, then they sang songs and did different things. Then my true name was whispered in my ear, and I walked to each corner and the elder called the relatives. They would come 10 me, and I uttered my new name in my mind. It was hard lo remember, and I had to get used 10 it. These were men who had hand-raised me. They were all of lhe same generation. They were all old. I think the youngest Sumrm:r, 1992 �pi:rson of th:it group was .50, and he was ai I think that in anybody's hfe there is a the bouom in the pecking order t)f age. I le ~en!ie that things arc se1 out for you. The \\ns a fc1d1er and .i carrier. people who raise you have cenain They were very spiritual in the sense expec1a1ions of you, and if you have a that they followed the t.rndition. They lived loving, caring. nurturing, mutual son of everything that they believed. They had their relationship. you want 10 do everything in own son of reality, like they would leave your power 10 meet their expcc1a1ions. food for the Little People here and there, and You might have long fingers, so mama they talked 10 the spirits regularly. They thinks you ought co be a piano player, so she would all be holy people compared 10 the drives you to the piano. If she goes about it Cherokees of today, but they weren't like our in a good way, you might end up to be a Hollywood concept of a medicine man at au. concen pianist. But you may have been belier They were not what the anthropologists suited 10 be a plumber than to be a pianist. called "priests." They were a different group. You could go on until you are 50 years old The "priests" and famous medicine men lived and srill playing in honky-tonks before you closer 10 town. But these old people were all realize that the piano is not your calling. members of the Katuah Medicine Society. I received a lot of my understandings about Katuah from them, things that l am not ever at liberty to talk about. Because they were in the society, they considered themselves better than most people. They were actually arrogant about tha1. They considered themselves the true Ka1uahs, and there's probably pans of me that still feel a lirtle smug, because I grew up ,-: - with that cenainty. They had signs. Back then, everybody ~ wore a little feather in their hat. But the \ \ ~ ) Karoah people would take the marrow out of 1' ::,J\..... '• the feather, so that when they walked, the ( .r,,., feather would make a fluttering motion. That -\. was a sign. \., \\~. Another sign was a linle silver snake. Owl said his snake was made by Sequoyah. It could have been. Several 01hers had little \. silver snakes. They frequently wore old suit coaLS, welfare clothes donated by white people, and would carry the snake under the lapel. When Karuah Society people from Olclahoma would come, I would see old Owl lift his lapel for the briefest second and let ii fall back. And the other people would make an acknowledgment with their eyes without winking or doing anything obvious. I can't tell you how they did it, it just was I acknowledged. ' Then, without any other invitation, we would go back to the creek. and soon four or five of these people from Oklahoma would just show up I.here. They'd talk and smoke pipe and do Katuah ceremonies together. This would go on all night. I would usually fall asleep, because I was young then. But l am amazed about how much I learned by just hanging out. "Be invisible," grandpa would say. "Be invisible." When I look back at the good and the bad in my life, I always feel incredibly fonunate and content. Despite the pains and sufferings that everybody goes through in Life, I have aJways believed that I have affected my own destiny more than most people do. Sometimes l interfered in the process, and other times I just let the process happen to me. 1 give credit for that to the fact of my growing up experiences, all the things I learned from that strong circle of elders. If the spiriLS had not had another intention for me, I probably would srill be living near my childhood home among the offspring of those old people who raised me. I would either have been an alcoholic or struggling inside the system. '-I ·) i''\,-, ~mmcr, 1992 Drawing:, by Troy Sc,ILlc:r Jn my case, my grandfather saw ~omc physic.11 signs and m:1de an interpretation based on the sign5 and his knowledge. But it was still someone else's in1erprc1.1rion. Back when r was 10 years old, my grandfather taught me how 10 carve little animals out of soft basswood. I can remember that l was fascinated with that for a year or so. Then I went on to other things. That was the extent of my early carving career. The figures I made were crude, but a seed was set for something 10 come. The seed lay donnant until a few years ago when ! saw a carving on a shelf in a house I was visiting. I picked it up and held it. It didn't feel right. It seemed disproponionate and out of shape. The man said. "Can you carve anything?" I said, "I used to fool with it when I was a kid." After I left the house, I said to myself, "I can make something better than that." And so I made a bear. It was 001 very good, but it still was a little bener than the figure I had seen. I fooled around making different kinds of animals for a year, experimenting with different styles and expressions. The animals I made then aren't anything like the animals I carve now. They were somewhat similar in design, but not in quality. I went through the whole process. A lot of the techniques I learned were already known by people all over the world. I probably reinvented the wheel several times over. But I also developed a couple of ideas that, as far as I know, no one else has thought of. And when J finally made an animal that looked like it was alive, it just blew my mind. I said, "Look at this!" The next one I made came alive in my hands, 100. ! said, "Look at this! 1 did this! Mc! No one else! No one set me down and taught me 10 do this. No one told me." Now I am staning 10 get thunder from my carving. Thunder is when other people acknowledge your ability, and it's absolutely wonderful. But what has made all the difference is that r feel an inward drive and detcnninarion 10 do this that I have never felt about doing anything else. I have been detennined 10 accomplish other goals before, but this is purely an expression of myself. II is a force coming from inside of me. This was not/ preordained by anyone; this is the real -: person. Xatuah Journat JIOIJC 19 �BAD NEWS AND GOOD NEWS The j9b of t ~ government o(ficials is to protect the health or citiuns and or the environmenL At best. they have displayed an attitude or unconcern about their responsibilities. Al worst, they have wilfully misled lhe public about a matter of grave danger. Such disregard or Ille lives lhey arc supposed 10 protccl is unconscionable. This 1s a Sillllltion thnt needs to be thoroughly investigated at both the state and county level. Such flagrant irresponsibility must not be allowed to conunue. Nanni World New, Service The Burlington Industries CIIIJlCI plant at the hClldwaa.ers of lhe Little Tennessee River in Rabun County, GA is closing iis doors. That is bad news and good news. The plant employs about 425 people in Rabun and Macon Counties. The plant closing is bad news for~ people who will be summarily dismissed and left wi 1h no means of li vclihood in an increasingly competitive job marlccL However, &ho Burlington pbnl has long been a major polluter of lhe Liu.le Tennessee River, and Ille factory's demise will mean beuer heallh foc lhe river's aquatic ecosystem. '"The plant has been a severe, but not an acute, polluter," said aquatic biologist Dr. William Mcl.amey. '"There have been no fish kills, foe 111s1811CC, but cit tensive sampling of both fish and insect populations have shown that the plant has definitely had a negative effect on the river." If another company buys lhc Burlington plant, it will be regulated by stricter environmental laws than lhosc in effect when Burlingion staned diacharging into the river. Also, a newly-initiated citiun's monitoring group will be traclcing lhe wat.er quality al lhe planL "We will continue to lake samples above and below lhe Burlington plam until there is no noticeable difference between them.· said Mcl.amey. As long as our industrial system operates environmentally destructive means of production, Ille closing of worlcplaces will be at once bad news and good news. RAPE PREVENTION Natural World Newi Scrv,cc For the first time in the Southern Appalacluans, a federal lawsuit has been filed on behalf of biological diversity, challenging the Land and Resou= Manngerncnt Plan proposed for the Cherokee National forest by lhc US Forest Service. Representing a blood coalition of conservation groups. the lawsuit nled by the Southern Environmenl3l Legal Center (SELC) contcstS the Forest Service practice of below-cost timber sales. The suit also contends that Ille Jogging progrnm outlined in the pbn would do urepruablc domagc to native habitat and result an a corresponding loss of biolog,ical diversity in the Cherokee. D:ivid Carr or the SELC rcporis that the CWTCnt plan opens up 60% of lhe national forest to logging and ro:ld construction • much of it on steep slopes and mac=iblc terrain. By FOfCSI Service estimates, there arc presently 80,000 acres of potential wilderness in the forest; more than half of this vital lnnd b:lsc is open to desccr.mon under the plnn. By promoting rood building and cle:ucuumg, the Forest Service 1s practicing t.hc ecooom1cs or extinction. Peter Kub)', regional director of the Wildcrnc!..s Society, note~ lhat the Chcrolcc Plan threatens the extraO(dinary natur.il diversity or the foreM. Kirby points out that tl1e Cherokee Nauonal forest 1s home to 1,000 ~pccie., or flowering plants, 400 species or vcnebr-.uc,, and appl'oxm1atdy 13.S sp<lC IC$ of (hh, "[Ilic fore:,1 plan) calls for the logging of over one-hair of the cove h:lrdwood forcsis. an ccol<'lg1cal treasure trove in the Southern Appalachrnn,; he said. The new Fore.,t Plan wuuld also va.,tly mcn:..1~ rood density (which already exceeds lc(:111 guidelines) providing OC.CC.'i.~ for o greatly mclC:l.<cd amount of commcrci.il and recn:;itional :ict1vi1y - not to mention illegal poaching. Th~ Asheville Citizen-Tunes and Green Line - ~ r s provitkd ,nfor""11ion for this ortk~ USFS TO STOP APPEALS Nanni World News Service BUNCOMBE LANDFILL SCANDAL Nanni World News Environmental sleuihs from lhe Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League blew the cover olT what was apparently a conspiracy of silence among Sl8tc and local governmental officials about leaking contamination from the Buncombe County landfill. In October. 1991, investiga10rs from the Environmental Protection Agency sent a rcpon io Buncombe County saying th:11 u:st results showed "elevated coneentmtions or numerous volntile organic compounds and metals" in lhe groundwater around the Buncombe 1.nndflll. TheAshcvll/c Citiun-Timu reponed that monitoring wells showed six to 3S times Ille legal limit of live indUStrial solvenis - tnchlorcthylcne, benzene, dichlorelhane. methylene chloride, and dichloropropane. Water quality cxpen Richard Maas of the University of North Carolina Asheville told the newspaper lhat the contamination levels were "higher than several Supcrfund sites in the area. In my experience the.~ levels are surprisingly high." An estimated l,125 people living within four miles of the landfill site drink wnter from wells. Yet neither the State nor the county government made any public announcement about lhe landfull lenk or possible hazards to residents' drinking water. At an April 10, 1992 press conference, BREDL activistS dlSJ)layed papers they had dug out or state liles 1n Raleigh that proved that the l:mdlill wns leaking. This W$ the first word given to the public that anything wa~ amiss. Why did government officials not inform residents about the groundwater conUlmination1 County Manager Steve Metcalf blamed 11 on M.uvin Waddey, who w:is Director of County Engineering Service:. al the time. MclCOlf srud that he ju.~t pas.scd on Waddcy's assurance that there were no problems at the l:andlill. W:lddey has conveniently moved out or ~cue. Stale hydrologc.t Bob Lufty said that the ,utc h.id not informed anybody of lhc trouble< because of undcNtnffing. He wW Grun Line ncwspapcr that 1hc st.1tc hrul a two-person hydrology \taff to monitor 150 landlills, Half or thc.sc on: leaking wor;c than Buncombe's. he said, and the re.,idcnts of those commumues do not know nbout the danger.;. either. Now the ch~rn1cals arc moving toward the Fn:nch Broad R111i;r. 'The C,11:en-lim,•., stated lh:n l.ulty s:ud lh:11 lhe subl,unccs would reach the nvcr, · 1,c diluted and evcntually dcSU'oycd." llle solvents 111110l11cd are deailly and per:;islCIIL It may be hundreds of yc;tr.; before they nre ·eventually de.woyed." The US Forest Service has chosen to sell more and more of the last remaining virgin and old-growth fOl'CSIS to the timber industry. But concerned citizens have bad the right to challenge lhese sales through an adminis11'8ti..e appeals process. Many people have fe:irs that to continue ovctCUlting our forests will mean irreparable ecological harm. The appeols process has helped to bring some measure of accountability to the management policies and practices of the Forest Service. However. on Morch 20. 1992, Agriculture Secretary Edwnrd Madigan announced that the Forest Service was proposing to eliminate the appeals process. In ltne with the Bush administration's announced plruls to eliminate "unnc.cded" federal regulations, these appeals were deemed too time -cor.swning and costly, and it was decided that lhey would be replaced wilh a toothless •30 day pre-decisional notice and comment period.· The Forest Service is trying to ignore the fact that most of the appeals filed have resulted in improved dccisons, better management or the fOtcSts. and often citposc inodequat.e environmcnllll analyses. TI1e agency seems to think that any decisions it makes should go unchallenged, and the public should have little or no voice in how Ille Mlional foresis arc managed. ForesL~ arc more than vettical logs. It is insane to continue to cut our last few old-growth stands of timber and destroy native habitat communitlcs to feed the ever-hungry saw mills. The Forc.,;t Service often needs IO be remanded or this. PROTECTING AQUATIC HABITATS Nmural World News Service April 23. 1992, the Nonh Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NC WRC) held a public hearing in Boone, NC to consider a proposal origill3ting within the agency to dc.~ignatc 33 wawrshcds m IO of Nonh Carohnn's miuor river ba.~in.~ as critical habitat for species of mollusks and fish endangered m the Slate. The plan would offer protection a.s "High Quality Waters" 10 portions or the New. Watauga. Little Tenncs,;ce, Johns. and Linville nvcrs and the Warrior Forl; 111 the mounlaln area of the si;uc. Env1ronmcnt:1I acti'lsts present at the hc:iring IO support the mca~urc, commented that 11 was a pl~surc IO appear at a hC'..mng to compbmcnt the m1ua11vc of a ,1a1c ngcncy tn\lC.'ld or nJ1P(Xing iL llic comment J);nod on tl11! WIIJhfe Comm1ss1on's proposal extends until July I. Lener.; of suppon may be sent m: North CtJro/1fld ll'i/dlife RcJo:,ru; Commimon 512 N Salisbury .St. Raleigh. NC 2760-I .. . S11111111cr, lll!IZ a 6 t t I I 8 �.,. .. • WOLF' FLUNKS PILOT TEST Na.tural World News Service One of the four led wolves (Canis rufus) released in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park in November, 1991 was recaptured and penned, according to Park spokesperson Bob Miller. Red wolf Male (#219) was recapwrcd in JanWIJ')' because he showed undue tameness towards humans, and because he caught and killed a chicken in Cades Cove and several domestic turkeys just north of the Park. The livestock owners were reimbursed for their losses from an indemnity fund created specifically for such contingencies. Male #219 may have been a poor choic.e for release s:inc.e he had spent seven years in zoos, where he had become unnaturally tame. He was selected because he was sterile 10 ensure that a bl'eeding population was not established in the Park prior to the completion of the iniual study. He w :J most likely spend the rest of his life in captivi•y. Two new adult wolf pairs arc cum:ntly being acclimated to the area by being held in large pens for the next six months, and may be released in the Park in November. Members of the IVesttr11 North Carolina Alfiance gagged by the US Forest Service. The Alliance prot,:sted removal qJ the Forest Service's appeals process at a press conference held outside the USFS Ashevitte offices on April Phoio Laura Dcaton/WNCA 17.1992. ONE H O NEST MAN N.i1ural World Ncv,,s Sen ice When Dr.William Reid signed on as oncolog1st (cancer specialist) at tlic Mcthodi!il Medical Center in Oak Ridge. 1N early in 1991, he knew little about the production procc.-.scs al the Department of Energy\ nuclear weapons plants and less about the nuclear politics of Oak Ridge. But he did know a sick p:iticm when he saw one, and he saw four Cll'iC.'> of a rare kidney c:inccr, an unusual concentration for such a small popul3tion sampling. I le also saw a ~ignificant number of people exhibiting auto-immune system disorders. Exh of the p:mcnts wilh kidney disease h:id ~n exposed to ·major radiauon." Dr. Reid rcponcd. and the p:itients with auto-immune deficiencies showed "n consistent p.,ucm of blood irregularities." In August, 1991 Reid approached Dr. Daniel Conrad, the medical director for Martin-r-.1:uiCU3 Energy Systems, the priw1c conlJ'3clor for virtually all the opcrauons at the Oak Ridge Rc.'iervauon, 1uking for access to c.lal.l about pos.~ible metal toxicity al the Oak Ridge plants. "Th<.,rc are no problems wuh Mattin-Marictl3 employee~." Reid was told 1111d 11,~1~ ahruptly shown out of the olfice. The young doctCII' wa~ surpnsed ut the brush-ofr he n:cc1ved from Conrad, t>t11 he was more surpnsc-d ,;everal months btcr m December, 1991 when he w1Ls called before a medical review board at his 1nsu1uuon for "treuung pauent~ 100 aggressively," •spending too much money in the treatment of cancer patients." and :illcgcd complaints of incompetency. A<; a rcsult of the review, Dr. Reid WIL~ served ummcr, 1992 an ultimawm: either to pack up and leave Oak Ridge or have his name entered on the national medical black list known as the "National Pr'.icutioncr Data Bank for Adverse Information of Physicians and Other Health Pracutione11>." Since the review hearing. the hospital has p:iid to have another physician monuor all of Dr. Reid's cancer ueatments. Instead of caving in lO this blatant blackmail, Dr. Reid filed a lawsuit challenging the allegations agamst him and comc.~ting the consmutionaluy of the National Pr'dctitioner Dalll Bank. "Tilesc actions arc a ~ham," said Lewis Lcvm, Reid's attorney, of the hospu.1J's measure.~. "The)' were perpetrated again.,1 Dr. Reid only aft.er he refused to be intimidated by threats." And in the te.lt of I.he lawsuit, Levan st:ucd, "He (Reid) opposes the prcvuilmg lct-them-d,e attitude toward cancer puticnts. lie oppo5es dcni.31 of treatment even when 11 1s nOt fully covered by insurance payments. He oppose.~ those who refuse to seek the c.auscs of bi7.arrc patterns in the quality and quantity or cancer seen in Oak Ridge.• The lawsull goc, on to say, "The physicians and hospi111I who benefit from 1he generosity of tlJC Martin-Marietw health c:irc pl.ln 11.ant him to lc:ivc. 1hs p31icnts want him to st:ly. • Reid reports that he has nxc1ved many fate-night pl1one tj1lh from anon>mous supporters. Other caller.; have offered mfonn:iuon lo help llllCk down people suffcnng from health problems clue to radiation and heavy metals tox1C1l)·, His work· and the late-night lips. have shown results. Dr. Reid has found pockets of 1mmuno-supp,cs~ive disorders in the Oak Ridge area and even downstream as far as Kingston. TN. A NOTHER ONE FOR THE GOOD OL' BOYS NawnJ World News Service Yet another example of govcrnmenrav bureaucratic arrogance and insensitivity: the North Carolina Dcpanmem ofTranspocuuion (NC DOT) decided in May to postpOne public hearings scbcdulcd in May on the 1 Transponation Improvement 992 Program (TIP). While this mecis the leuer of the law requiring public hearings, it keeps citizens from having any input on 1992 transponation priorities - in effect canceling any value the hearings mighl have. Without public hearings, citiuns arc effectively blocked out of the decision-malcing process. This becomes even more dist.urbing when one realius that lhe Board ofTransponation iS appointed by Governor Jim Martin on the basis of political favors. It is the plum of state political appointments. Noticeably missing from the Board of Transpoltlltion arc tranSit advocateS, individuals with rail background. environmentalists, and reprc.senrativcs from communiLy groups, neighborhood associauons, and minorities. Perhaps the reason lhe DOT has decided to dispense with public hearings is that the importanl decisions have already been made. Journalist Barry Yeoman has produced a thoroughly researched s1udy publi.shed in the lndependem thal shows a close relationship belween the sources of large political contributions and where highway construction projects are built in the Srate of North Carolina Do you want the NC Department of Transportation to hold public Juuuings? Write to: Larry Goode: ChiefEngiuer (Programs); NC DOT; Box 25201; Raleigh. NC 27611. Reid ha.~ nlso received support from the 03k Ridge Envll"Ollmcntal and Peace Alliance (OREPA), which has accumulated experience in dealing with the authorities and tmcl.ing tOxiC emissions nt the Oak 1 Ridge Rc...crvntion. Stc,·e Smith ofOREPA and the Foundation for Global Sustain1bili1y. said, "This is the first lime a medical doctor within Oak Ridge ha.~ stepped forward 311d begun to identify :idvcrsc h~th cffCC1S in and around the Oak Ridge facilities. "When Dr. Reid first saw these pntu:ms emerging, he was acompletely di~inten:.stcd observer. He had no axe to grind with the DOE. He had no conccpuon of what he was getting mto when hc ~tarted work 111 Oak Ridge." Under pressure from the St:ltc of Tennessee, the DOE 113.S funded a panel of health e.\J)CttS to study cxpo:;urc to radiation among people Ii ,·ing around the Oak Ridge facilities. Dr. Reid has been appointed to that P3ncl, and will reveal hi~ tull fi11ding.q in the cour:.c of that invcsllgnti()n. Hiscao;e i, also under scrutiny by Sen. John Glenn's Government Affairs Commmcc and Rep. John Dingle's lnvcsugauon Subcommlltcc m the US I louse of Rcprc.'iCntJllvc.~. A rccC11t anicle in 1,me magazme c•uvmg H11ppdy ~eat a NuclearTr.ish Hc.ip," 5/l lfl2) ten1'ring on Dr. Reid nlso called aucnt.ion to the situation al Oak Ridge. Now thai the hd of secrecy 1s orr I.ht\ lode history 01 the Oak Ridge Reservation, 11 seems likely that dccJ)CI' probing will n:~ cal more c:uimplcs of abu!iC of the health of hum:ins 11ml the envllQnmcnL II L~ startling lO think that tl1is whole furor began because one person v. 1th true compa..sion entered unawwes mro the heart of the sordid nuclCJr we.1pons industry. It shows the pov.er ol one honcsl man. XGtuoh Jounmt pnqe 2 1 �REGION O'RAGIN' ,: ,. .. •, Nanni World News ServiClC April 21st brought not only a healthy dose or rain io 1.he region, but also a healthy dose of reality people in K:m1ah are outraged with the US Forest Sc,vice! As p:in of a national Earth Firsll effort honoring John Muir's birthday. protCStS organiz.cd by the environmental grollP SoulhPAW and il.S cohorts in Asheville, NC, Atlanlll. GA. and Oevel:md. TN were among lhe more than 30 prou:sts held ruitionwidc. Activists at the Forest Service Regionnl Hcadquaners m Allant.a mllied behind a 4S f00t banner that read: "Environmenlol Assessment of the US Forest Service- Finding of No Significant lnl.Cgrity." Twenty-five dcmonstraoors gathered outside lhc Cherokee National Forest HeadqumterS in Cleveland. while in Asheville 50 people chanted and hollered ouLSide the Pisgah/Nanlllhala National Forest offices. In each city, the message rang ou1. loud and clear: decision-making proc:essc$ which destroy thousands of aaes of habitat come from little cubicles inside concreie and Slecl office buildings. //'you'd liu to wim your frusuaJions with IM Fores, Service in a concerted effort, conJJJcl SowhPAW: Box 3/4/; Asheville, NC 28802. SENATOR WAFFLES Nau,,al World News Scrvia SenalOI' Terry Sanford is threatening lO give in the mauer of the Fontana road, the famous "Road IO Nowhere" in the Great Smoky Mountains National Palk in Swain County.NC. Sanford bas ptOp0.5td legislation I.hat would include aSl6 million payment to Swain County and allow consuuction of the comrovcrslal road. The road would destt0y the possibility of wilderness design:11ion for the southern end of the Parle and open the isolated area up IO possible (ulllrC developmenL Sanford stalTer Alan Thornbwg said 1h31. the Senat0r "just wanLS to pol lhis ITlllller behind us. He is willing lO do w~ver lhe county commissioners dcs1te in lh is local issue.• Sanford apparently does llOl undel'Sland that it is not jost a local issue any more. The s111tus of several thousand acres of h3biw and an imp0Clllllt wildlife migration routc are at stalce, and there are many visilOrS co the Parle who each year apprcciatc the qmet and rcl:ll.ive isolation of the north shore of Lake Foruana. Sanrord's move seems LO be an election year ploy to brcalc Helms' enclave or powct in Swain County. That he would scll out I.he future of a critical habitat area for a palll}' handful of VOies shows a skewed sense of values. lO Senator Jesse Helms' inll'BllSigcnce in To con1ac1 Stlllltor Ttrry SOft[ord abou, his proposal, write him QI 716 llart Senate Office Building: Washington. DC 20510. WE PAY FOR CLEARCUTS! Nlllnl World New• Serv~ Once again the U.S. Forest Servicc has issued a report stating the amount trutpaycrs pay tO subsidize timber sales on North Carolina na11onal foresLS. In 1991 U.S. citi7.ens paid $2.4 milhon ID order lO have roads buih and plOIS of national forest land clcrucut to the state. Even though less limber was harve.~ted in 1991 l.h:m m 1990 (there was a loss or S2 million in 1990), we paid even more to keep Congress nnd the timber IDlcrestS happy. Xnt(iari lournnt ,.,- r, l Z2 nmm lf ll f • If •r 6 t = • ~-WHEELERS ~AT POR&ST Nanni World New, S<tvicc All-terrain vehicles (ATV's) are a pcoblem in lhe region's national forcsLS. In lhc view of the US Forest Service. the desires of different human inteteSt groups lake precedence over protcetion of the rorcs1 ecosysiem. Thus, ATV joyriding is seen as a legitimate "mulitple use· of the forest, and the little bull-bouncers are permitted whetc no mot0ri2cd vehicles should be allowed co chum. Case in point: lhe Wayehutta (locally pronounced •worry-hut") Creek watershed or the Nanlllhala National Forest in Jackson County, NC is riddlcd witlt A TV irails. Sixtccn miles of old logging roads have been given over t0 the mud-slingers for their fun. But that is not cnoogh for the wheel jockeys. Now the Forest Service is considering a plan to add 20 more miles of ATV trails, pcneuating two more water.iheds. Internal combUSlion engines, especially obno11iously loud ones over four knobby-treaded tires, are incompatible witlt deep forest habiw needs. The acres that woold be impacted by the noise, debris. and massive erosion from ATV's are needed much IIIQle desperalCly by wild animal and plant life as homespace. or However, Uie ltanquillily lhis JX)rtion of wild land is tltrca1encd. Adjnce.n1 lO the city uact is the CliITs of Gla.\sie development, a 1,000 acre golf rcson. The Cliffs wants to buy 134 acres of 1bcciLy's propeny 10 expand their domain. The Greenville City Council was agreeable to the sale. but when local conservation groups he:lrd of the proposed transaction, tltey unilCd in vehement opposition. The local Bartram Group of the Sierra Club described the property and revealed the details of the sale in a televised press conference. The land had never been inventoried, said the group, and lhey insisted 1h31. a sludy of lhc area be done before any sale was considerod to dcterminc if it was habilat for any rare or endangered species. The TV broadcast provoked a flood of letterS from local citizens apposing the proposed sale. Under I.hat pressure, the city council bacud off. TI1ey agreed to inventory the 134 acres proposed for sale. Moreover, they have decided to study the biology of the whole watershed to consider a mnnagemcnt plan for the entire traeL The city might still try to sell tho area when the study is completed, but public pressure has proved co be a powerful LOOI. The Highlands Ranger District is scliciting commurls on the proposed A7V trail expansion. Write them 01: Rt. I, Box 247; Highlands. NC 28741. BUYING BAD AIR Namral World New. Scrvice The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is baying 10,000 cons of coxic nitrate and sulfaie compounds rrom the W l ~ Power and Li&hl Company co release inlO lhe air over the Tennessee Valley and the Soulhcrn Appalachians. Docs that sound LOO bimrre to be true? Not at all. Under a clause or the much-toulCd Clean Air Act or 1990, companies that are in •over.compliance" (companies that exceed the minimum smndnrds for air cleanliness set forth in the act) can seU "pollution credits" to polluting companies who don't want to clean up their operations. This provision is a safeguard bw11. into the law ID see that the air does not get cleaned up beyond a minimal level apparently on the theory lhal if air geLS too clean iL is bad for business. Money can buy off the legal system, but it cannot bring dead lJ'eeS back to life. nor can it make polluted air any hcallhicr for those organisms who have lO breathe u. "Pollution crcdiLS" may make TV A think that it has license tO pollute, but 11 will only worsen lite situation in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park where 96 plant species ore already in doclinc from niuogen•gcnerrucd owne and other atmospheric pollutanl.S. The grealeSl irony may be that rai.epaycrs puchasing power from TV A will now know tltn.t, instead of investing in air pollution controls, they ore buying themselves an extra helping of air IO~ichy. Comnu!nls may be stnt 10 the Ttnntssu Valley Aulhoriry; Norris. TN 37818. GOLF DESERT OR WILD WOODS? Nanni World New. Service The City of Greenville. SC own.~ 25,000 acre.\ of land in nonh Greenville County. The ll'3cl is a rugged and beauuful alC.'.l at the foot or the Blue Ridge CSClllplll(nL Bought bad ID lhe l 920·~. lhe land has not~ a bulldo1,er or a chain saw in 60 years. i4 D ACTIVISTS RALLY FOR CLEAN AIR N11unl World News Service A raucous crowd of about 50 people and one coswmed bear demonstralCd beforc the Great Smoky Mountains National Park's Suga.rlands VisilO( Center in GatJjnburg, TN on May 18. 1992. This time the activists or the group SolllhPA W were not protesting government actions, but ~ galhcrcd IO support lhc Dep:inmcnt of the Interior's policy of opposing any new insl.allations within 120 miles of the Great Smokies lluu would add lO air pollution -particularly low-level ozone - in the Park. Signs welcomed curious visitors lO the "Great Smoggy Mouniains" and decl3rcd "We Support the No-zone!• The dancing beat grophically demonslt3llld what happens when wildlife take on overlo:ids of air pollution. Atlanl.8 folksinger Robert Hoyt serenaded the Monday morning crowd with copical songs about the state of the environment and our society. The Soul.hPAW ac11v1s1.S wcce JOined by 20 eighth grade s1udcn1.S in the KARE (Kids Agamst 'Recking lhe Environment) Club at Bridgepon School m Newport, TN. The studcnl.S, who live in the watcrShed of Ilic Pigeon River, knew lin;tband about lite effects of waler pollution, but came 10 learn what air pollution docs co C(()~i.tems. They m:ide tl1c connections quickly and were soon parudpat mi; cntltus1asucally in 1.hc dcmonst.111tion. Su mm.er, ){192 uu �The first building constructed at Sycamore Branch was the community center. It had a large kitchen and dining/meeting area upstairs and ample bathing and laundry facilities downstairs. The next project was a complex that came to be called "the apanments." These were twelve good-sized rooms, each with a couple of sleeping lofts, arranged in two tiers going up the hill above the river. Many families lived for several years in the apartmenrs while they worked on their houses. Today the community rents them out to young couples, the elderly, and visitors. The people decided that most of the houses were to be built in a cluster near the community center. These houses were built by the homeowners who organized themselves into a masonry crew and a carpentry crew. Some homeowners hired replacements for themselves because they had jobs that would not allow for the necessary rime off. These clustered homes were connected by a common water, electrical, and sewer system. They were arranged and landscaped for maximum privacy, set into the hillside, and turned a little this way or that so that each home could have a small private garden. There were many outdoor decks and patios. Another eight homes were built in various places around the property. These homes were simple and designed to be low-impact, most of them lacking in conveniences. There was widespread unemployment as the old international economy collapsed. Many families who lived at Sycamore Branch lost their livelihood and the community started businesses to help. Soon after forming, the village started a cooperative that owned and ran a sawmill, a woodworking shop, and managed the community's garden and kitchen. People could belong to the cooperative that ran the garden and kitchen or they could buy meal tickets. Many people from outside the immediate community bought tickets and some joined the cooperative. Members of the cooperative are currently required to work 14 hours each week. In practice, about one fourth of the people chose to work these hours themselves, one fourth chose to pay, and half chose a combination, doing farmwork during the planting and harvest seasons. This arrangement allowed some people to make a liveli.hood almost entirely from farm or kitchen work. The Village Cooperative kept a small herd of cows and ran a small dairy that also A LOOK BACK by Will Ashe Bason processed milk from local farmers. A village bakery supplied fresh bread that was sold locally. Tofu and tempeh were made from beans that were obtained in trade from a community in a neighboring county that had a better season because of lower elevation. Twelve acres of blueberries were cultivated and most of the berries were dried and sold. There is a blueberry festival at harvest rime, and the entire community helps with the picking. One hundred fifty acres were planted to a mixture Lhal included chestnuts, black walnuts, black locust, and bramble fruits, and this has proved to be a very valuable asset over the years, with chestnut flour becoming a major source of income. Many local farmers and landowners planted blight resistant chestnuts that were supplied by the village and brought tons of dried chestnuts to the sheller and mill. Toe village woodworking shop produces drums, harps, dulcimers, guitars, and flutes. These products have gradually gathered a fine reputation among musicians far and wide, and the shop employs about one third of the people in the village. Sycamore Branch was of vital imponance to Floyd County during the economically unstable rimes of the late '90's and the primary years of this century. It helped formulate the plan for the decentralization of the county's schools and social services. The community has set up four small band saw mills in various parts of the county and organized a crafts collective that markets area crafts on a mail order basis through the satellite communication network. The community has provided blueberry plants, nut trees, shiitake mushroom spawn, and vegetable StartS at low cost (and sometimes free) to local farmers. Sycamore Branch gave technical assistance to many local communities that were creating their own power systems after the breakdowns of the late '90's. They powered several other villages directly and gave assistance 10 many more. There were many economic refugees in the late '90's, and Sycamore Branch offered a plan by which these folks could mostly house and feed themselves. They were influential in Habitat for Humanity's decision to build ecovillages with their own economics instead of isolated homes. The community produced a video series tilled "The Owner-Built Village" which was used by thousands of new cormnunities. The goals of Sycamore Branch, as stated in their by-laws, included not only being of service to the larger community in Floyd County but also reaching out on an international scale. This was accomplished through a sister community program that linked the village to other small communities around the world. Especially close tics were made with the Mayan village of Yonin. Young people from the communities were exchanged every year and sometimes older folk would go down for a year or so. Sycamore Branch marketed xylophones, weavings, and dried fruit from Yonin. Sycamore Branch has cooperated from the beginning with the UN's efforts lo set up international community-to-community trading and cultural contacts. The village has for years sponsored a team ofteehnicians who work to help upgrade poor communities by providing better water sources, waste treatment, and health care. Villagers from these communities are trained to run the solar satellite link and to access weather, health, and technical information in their own language. This gives them access to world markets within the limitations of the distribution system. There is an emphasis on self-sufficiency and the development of a few trade items that can be transponed to the nearest world irading center for shipment to irs ultimate destination through the UNPS network of freight dirigibles, trains, vans, and donkeys. The village of Sycamore Branch was a leader in the move by small communities to take over the economic role of the corporations. We now take it for granted thar small communities work together economically for their common betrermcnt. and we forget that there was a rime when this was an unusual pattern. The breakup of the corporate economy in the '90's left a vacuum that was naturally filled by small communities. The pauems developed in Sycamore Branch and similarcommuniti~# were a vital part of this process. fr Reprinted/rem Tek:iah newsleuer, which is available from the ln.sritwe for Sustainable Living; Windswept Fann; Rt. 1, Box 35; Check.VA 24072. Will Ashe Bason is a farmer and visionary who lives in the Floyd County, Virginia community. Mountain Counsel Blackberry bushes, heavily leaved, Bow as I approach; Offer bounteous gifts Deep black, soft and sweet. Yet remind me of the need To pick with gentle care Or else be pricked by thorns That spring from everywhere. And so it is with friends. - Taylor Reese DnlWUl& by Rob Mcs11ck Summa- , t 992 Xatoofl Journa! JIQ9C 23 �BUlTERFLY In a lazy larval state I ate Everything Fresh and green That lay before me Until I could consume No more DRUMMING Dear KaJuah, This is the sound of Nonh Carolina. ll is the voice of Kilmer Forest - it is the New River Gorge - it is the Haw River - it is ML Mitchell and the Black Range. Little Santeetlah Creek and the French Broad River also speak here. I am Native Choctaw-Scot-Nonh Carolinian and l dare speak in their names. From the mountains to the coast, I see areas rendered unrecognizable due to overdevelopment and misuse. It huns - the street lightS that ruin night vision, the litter, the washed out sides of previously pristine lakes due LO motor-boating. This is not the state I grew up in. What was attractive then is now the money maker of the day. Why do those who come here to "get away from it all" need LO "bring it all" with them? Back LO Nature? My family raised me that way - my grandfathers and greatgrandfathers fanned • a Choctaw greatgrandfather was a proud man in his community here in the Piedmont I still have the land he farmed. At age 37, I still practice what my ancestors left to me - a guardianship of property and the knowledge or how to do it. I love this state, but not what it is becoming. It needs help, and l feel we are losing. Last year I was a volunteer for the Kituwah Festival here in Asheville and will be there agnin this year. I would also like to work wherever possible for your staff on representing Katuah Journal - it has a place! Thank you, Nancy Odell Dear KaJuah, While I have enjoyed the Journal more than I can say, I have not sent in my subscription renewal because J feel you could help me a bit more than you have tried lO in the past. My Llfe's goal is to help re-establish the American Chestnut in the mountains, and to that end I've been trying to locate acreage on which to do this. I wortc with devotion on anything undertaken, but my problem is lack of money for purehasing the size acreage or farm needed to plant, nunurc, and monitor these seedlings to maturity. I sincerely felt there must be, among your readers, someone intersted in seeing this tree again reclaim our forests: some who may not have the time or inclination to do the work needed, but who may be financially more able and who would be willing to help. I would gladly give full accountability for any funding offered. I looked at Land last Saturday near Spruce Pine. Bui I would need some $26,500 to acquire it. along with giving some inherited fine jewelry 10 make up the difference. I'm willing to give everything I have, bu1 cash is something I don't have, unfonunately, and tha1 is what sellers wanL Truely. l felt your interest in this was as deep as mine. l am not some scam artist, simply a person with a limited amount of assets that will gladly give for the finacial help l need. Some of these assets are quite exciting, for instance, r have an original printing of the very first meeting of the Continental Congress (authenticated by the old books department of UNCC); an original copy of Washington's Farwell Address and many very old deeds, etc. l'm not wanting something for nothing, you see. I have quite endless energy and much determination. This determination would go into the raising or the chestnut If you do wish to help me get started (I'm looking at land from the Spruce Pine area west through Madison Counry), you will be proud of what l'II accomplish. Fat and sleepy I slep1 deeply Safe from a hungry world Alone in my own Silk cocoon bed That trembled and twirled Suspended by threads From slender limbs Overhead Waiting Until the warm suns Of summer come And I summon the courage To emerge Transformed and renewed Wings brightly-hued To carry me Free • Rebecca Wilson Hicks Sincerely yours, Dorothy Dickson 113 Autumn Lane Harrisburg, NC 28075 !f\ "he. 5UMe Y- -th e -fiowe.YS b\,oOM f- he beo.Y" w i 11 'rOMe VJ ; f\ 'f"'e 5qVi1TelS 1 e ()\ t WQ'f K °'WO\ifi "~ Wi "t e r Cold +or C\ T\d We+her l'llolobyR.-lyBall tre r 5 P\ in re~ Of Jee cl ".f'or the bi ue TS v\ nJ --fo'( -r~e crow -t~erf Cor Y\ Pl , n teu 0-f +1'.o.-1-· J (poem by Tiyo) age 9 Dear Karuah, I'd like to subscribe to your journal, finally. We love it most abundantly cover to cover. Couldn't bear to slash the graphics on #34, so I send this sheel of paper wilh this message. Beyond the garden, consensus decision making, and bioregionalism, my interest and vocation arc renewable energy systems and sheller. Our house is off the grid and soon our income will be, tOO. Please conac1 me if you ever do an issue on renewable energy in Ka1uah. Blessings 10 ya'II Star and Otter Summer. 1992 �Dear Kanwli, Thank you for the flood of pleasant !Demories evoked by your Spring, 1992 issue. As I pored through your pages, I could see my father pointing out things as we walked through the woods. I learned of wild onions, greens, mushrooms, persimmons, and beechnutS. Berries grew abundantly where I was raised - strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, and gooseberries. I was fortunate enough to live close to a small wooded area, an ecosystem all its own. To this day, I can tell an Oak from a Maple from a Birch from a Willow, etc. ' I'm still fascinated by the life forms in even a small creek. The fish, crawdads, leeches - I even learned to make suckers into a very fine substitue for salmon/mackerel patties. Thank you for bringing it back when I'm ready to see the deeper meanings of the Earth's give-and-take relationship with man. Keep up the good works, Mr. Messick. Stay on the Path, Jeff R. Zachary Dear KaullJh, This is still the best bioregional rag I've seen! Thanks for keeping me in touch with all the real news from home. Gene Dilwonh Dear Friends, I send to you all my thoughts of peace and well being... I hope that this Jen.er finds you all enjoying happiness and good health! I appreciate all your hard work in producing Ka1uali Journal and including Stil-Llght in your calendar of events. ll helps to keep us before the public eye. Thank you!! I am writing to comment on your recycle logo on the Spring, 1992 issue: "Recycle or Die." Recycling in and of itself and one hundred percent population will not solve our problems and create a sustainable economy. Recycling is at best a stop gap measure, something easily understood and do-able by the masses. Until we stop consuming and u111il we stop having so 1111Jny babies (especially in the more afj111e111 countries) we will continue 011 our collision course with exrinc1io11 as a species as we use up all our nomral resources. I agree that we should continue to reri:ind people to n;cycle because it helps, but crying wolf and usmg scare tactics hns never wo~ked. people only do that which is in their own selfish best interest. .. a sad commentary on human nature, but the truth. Just a few thoughts ... Your Friend and Brolher, Leon Frankel Summcr, 1992 Dear Ka11W1, Well, they've done it to us again! Praise be to the "Gcxl Squad" for overiding the couns and sentencing more forests out west 10 lhe saw? The sponed owl may be protected, but only by the edict of loggers and the Almighty Gospel of the U.S. Congress. r thought there was supposed to be a balance of power between the three (to name but a few) branches of our government. Where is the justice in taking a case to coun and then have the "Gcxl Squat" (sic) come and say "Praise the Lord. we gonna Lord it over every forest we can"? Constance Birch From the Groun d Up "You gotta start from the ground up ... " - That's what they've always said - and lhat's it in a nutshell - where civilization's gone wrong "If you don't have yo~ feet on the ground... Then where are you? How do you get sustenance without roots? "We're all going so fast we're gonna crash" - where? - on the ground? The Ground? We've put that in the hands of MEGA CONGLOMERATE ii-?tJ~~Wo.MILLIONAIRE, 20TH FLOOR HEADQUARTERED farmers - Who probably won't touch the ground even when they die But are buried up to lheir necks in their financial statementS - the only thing they care about And speaking of lhe ground... From the Earlh's point of view it must think we're made of rubber for that's all that touches it when we move. We're Gods of power... We have bulldozers to move mountains. A river can't flow without our permission We've gOL landfill expens - like our mission is to fill the land "Landfill" - like a free lunch for the Eanh! (ns if it liked the encrees) Many of the Earth's peoples worship Jesus, a man's creation of the universe (or Gcxl, if you will...) Who gave unceasingly of beauty and healing... even as he died slowly and painfully in the hands of the Earlh's people. If such as he were still alive would we try 10 save him? Or, would we treat him as we do her, lhe Earth? Dear Karuah, I read awhile back the article on the !-,ETS sy~tem and sent for the preliminary mformanon. lam real interested in seeing one get sra.rted in the Karuah region in rural mountain areas. At this time I have not the time, energy, and resources 10 start one by !11YSClf - l wonder if you know of other interested persons you could put me in touch ~th who have the whole study course who might let me borrow it. In the meantime I am starting a simple bancr networking newsletter in this local area (Bryso~ City, Sylva, Franklin). Perhaps you would like a ,~·rue:-up for the summer journal. The Spnng issue of Kauiuh Journal is by far the most interesting one to me in a long time - great articles intended for the already some~hat informed. Erbin Crow's pissing poem 1s a real gem. Airin Green P.O. Box 382 Whittier, NC 28789 Dear Karuah, I have enjoyed recieviog your paper, but there is one matter of deep concern l have. I have noticed several times in recent years the theories of Buckminster Fuller have been mentioned in a positive light, as if he were a worthy mentor for ecology-minded people (see John Ingress in Spring 1992). I recently went back and looked a1 Fuller's opus Critical Path (St Martins, N.Y., 1981), and was alanned to find it was even worse than I had remembered. In the preface he introduces lhe notion that human beings are so smart we can easily provide an "unprecedented higher standard of living for all Eanhians," and claims that "four billion billionaires" would be a worthwhile and admirable goal. Can you imagine how shredded to ribbons the Earth's ecosystems would with "billions of billionaires," a concept Fuller warmly endorses throughout his book?! The rest of Fuller's thesis is well known. High technology is the savior we have been waiting for. lo the future, humans will live packed in floating cities, space platforms, nnd so on, in fully automaied, controlled environments. On page 297 he claims "lhe power of the Amaz.on warershed will be harnessed and considered by designers as an integrated moving assembly line." On page 251 he gets so carried away he proclaims that man has now taken on "lhe competence of Gcxl." I could go on with such examples, but perhaps the point is made. I disagreed with the late Ed Abbey on some things, but in his evaluation of Buckminster Fuller, l lhink he was right on lhe money. ln the meantime there are lOLs of other writ tings on technology out lhere worth reading, such as Lewis Mumford, Jacques Ellul, or Jerry Mandcr's new book. Best Wishes. Bill McConnick • Breeze Burns Xorunfi Jottn«i( p09c 27 �Jury Nullification: Democracy at Work M ost of us have noticed that our rights arc being whittled and chopped away as surely and relentlessly as our foresis. But there is a little known right which can be a defense against an offensive government. II is a right we have because we are entilled to a jury trial. The Fourth Circuit Coun of Appeals in U.S. v. Moylan (1969) put it this way: '1f the jury feels the law is unjust, we recognize the undisputed power of the jury to acquit, even if its verdict is contrary co the law as given by a judge, and contrary 10 the evidence." People on a jury have the right to free people from laws they wouldn't want imposed on themselves. The right and the responsibility. Jury nullification, as this almost-secret right is known, goes way back. Back to ordinary men. Some of the ordinary men were the 12 who served on William Penn's jury in 1670. The British king proved beyond a doubt that Penn was "guilty." He had broken the law against preaching a religion other than that of the Anglican church in a public place. But the jury didn't wane to punish William Penn. They thought it would be a beuer idea to punish the law itself. The king's agent was furious and tried co convince them that the law was more imponant than their conscience. The judge did his convincing by imprisoning the jurors in the Tower of London until they agreed to convict Penn. But pubUc opinion - possibly related to the expense of imprisoning the jurors - forced the judge to let them go, and to admit that a jury had the right to decide not only whether someone has broken a law, but whether the law is just. The right of jury nullification bas consistently been upheld in British and American courts. According to Alan Sheflin and Jon Van Dyke in law and Concempory Problems 43, No. 4 (1980), 'The repeal of (prohibition] laws is traceable 10 the refusal of the juries 10 convict those accused of alcohol traffic." And Hagbard Celine points out in Trajecl()ries newsletter that "the anti-pot law, the silliest of all our drug laws, could not survive in a nation with at least 70 million pot-heads, if juries knew that they had the right of nullification." So what's happened? Back in the 1890's, the U.S. Supreme Court was about as freedom-loving as our current robes. They upheld Lhe right of jury nullification - but simultaneously ruled that Lhe judge not only doesn't have to tell the jury Lhey have this right - but can prevent the defense attorney from telling them that they have ii! power. Only Maryland has a state constitution which requires a judge to inform the jury that they may acquit if the facts prove a defendant technically guilty but the jury believes the law is wrong. (Lots of states, though, have elected judges.) There is a movement in many states to pass Fully Informed Jury (FU) Amendments to state constitutions. For more information, you can write to FUA; Box 59; Helmsville, MT 58843. Jury nullification is a secret that needs to be told. I asked my son if he knew his rights as a citizen. He looked at me and exclaimed, "Mom, I'm in school." Isn't the power of juries a fundamental part of how democratic government - of the people - works? I wonder what would happen even without an amendment if people knew that juries have the right to judge not only people, but laws? If the people knew the power of juries, and the power we would have a grassrootS movement - towards democracy? I am indebted to Robert Anton Wilson and Trajectories newsleuer (Vol. /, No. 8; Awwnn /990)/or m11cli of the infonnation in 1/iis article. Trajectories covers many spheres of interest. Write to them clo The Pennanenc Press; Box 700305; San Jose, CA 95170. - by Karen F/etc71er All juries have the power 10 nullify any law, but any government judge can do everything in her or his power to prevent them from knowing that they have this I: Reprintulfrom IM AuJumn, 1991 ,ssue of /. green light, Mwsleuer of the Cumberland-Grel!II Bioregional Counril; 2513 Essex Place; Nashville TN 37212. The Story of the Man Who Wanted to Become Moss He tried very hard he wore himself like French lace and went to the core of cells where the green lives and pulled out chlorophyll trying to reinvent his structure to take in the sun When he kissed his mother that lay in the moss When he washed his belly that lay in the moss When he sat outside himself that lay in the moss lay in the moss lay in the moss in the moss in the moss the moss moss moss - Jenny Bitner Sumtm:r, 1992 �BOOK REVIEW BEYOND THE LIMITS: Confronting Global Collapse Envisioning a Sustainable Future In I971 , a book was published called The Limits 10 Growth by Donella and Dennis Meadows and J(lrgen Randers. It was a landmark in ecological thinking in many ways, causing many people 10 debate and question the whole idea of unlimited growth in industrialized societies. The notion of growth as a cure for economic problems is deeply ingrained in many people, and this book questioned the very basis of such an assumption al its root. By using the Systems Approach to problem solving and taking a long look at trends in escalating human numbers and the subsequent pressures put on the Earth's resources, these three scientists proclaimed that if present trends continued within the next one hundred years there would be a steep decline in lhe ability of human societies to sustain themselves. This catastrophe could be changed, they argued, by creating a kind of steady-state where human populations and material needs would level off and a new balance achieved between binh and mortality and between extremes of wealth. It's twenty years later, and these same three folks have been working on the Systems Approach regarding the choices we have in creating a future that does not depend on growth as a means of propping up our economies. Their new book, Beyond the Limits, states clearly that human societies have already moved beyond the limits of what ecosystems of the Eanh can handle. Il does not make excuses in order to go lightly on industrialized countries. It radiates respect for the diversity of life in the world and offers some much-needed perspective about the human place in it. The authors are deeply moved by the severity of the problems we face, and yet in many ways they offer hope by providing paths we can follow to ease away from the trend toward collapse and simmer down into a mode of human economy that actS within the limits of Eanh's sustainability. I find that it is much clearer to use a Systems Approach with thorough explainations of feedback, exponential growth, overshoot and collapse, and planetary sources, throughputs, and sinks than the ambiguous notions surrounding human carrying capacity (as seen for instance in Issue #28 of Kat(wh Journal). Human beings are not exempt from limitS to material growth or the perils of overpopulation by any means, yet it is high time we recognized that we have exceeded many of the regulatory limits 1hat exist for other mammals and that we clearly have the capacity to overshoot this carrying capacity at any time. Cultural knowledge may not be enough to restrain our frenzied pace, but it can offer us some of the wisdom necessary co pull back and keep from overstressing life support systems. Whether we will paractice this wisdom remains to be seen. yet Beyond The limits offers some hard-earned distilled knowledge and should be read by those interested in learning how we can panem human societies within limits. We humans do have the potential to be effective problem solvers. Unfortunately we rarely choose the right problems to solve. Beyond The Limits is pub/is~ by Ch,!lsea Green Publishing Company: R1. I 13, Box 130: Posl Mill.f. Vf 05058. Please ccn1ae11km aboui ~ ,P" informtUion on the book. Rob Messick B~byJll!OIITucllct "I told the Prograns to encourage self and Earth awareness. celeblollon. kinship ond hope. • Youlh Camps • &;hool Programs • Family Campa· Tead!o, Training • Community Programs • Camp StaIf Tra111lng • Ouldoof Program Conwtt,ng Look. Y1111 Ill ill l ltld ISklnQ mt ti help kAI • Oonch ot Pffllll down tlltlt I don I k"°" Md I"m 11n ~ I did kMw u..m 1-lclnt wt/I ti ~1111 ti their dNIJII forgd l l TIii an,_ 11 no F«av11 no•·· -'Naly~lbon ..,_ Don ·t Pay Taxes for War Fo ntnrm11.1on ,if'ld o, ,1 c.;i, PO. Bo• 1300 Gotti'lburg. T e<Y'lessee 3n38 615-436-6203 National War Tax R esistance C oordinating Committee PO Bo~ 774 Munroe, ME 04951 1 2071525-7774 Summer , 1992 la'O!\: •nrr 1 ,t - REGIONAL RADIO Featuring Crossroads music, NPR news and music programs, regional news and information concerning health, education, government, recreation, and the environment. WNCW • FM P 0. Bo" 804 Spind.ik•, NC 28160 (704) 287-8000 �(cootinuo,d from P"&C SJ and decorations were very sunilar. They carried out the same kind of sun worship. I think they were priest-ruled. The Louisiana nibes showed that influence strongly, and there is much evidence of that among the Creeks and Cherokees, probably more among the Cherokees. Because of that influence, we had a priest society for awhile. We became more sophisticated and more warlike and gathered up more territory and more people. But the priest society among the Cherokees became so arrogant and so barbaric that the people rose up against them. I think it must have been about the time when the clans dwindled from 14 to seven. The revolt centered in the Katuah village. The priest society was ovenhrown. After that episode, the spiritual functions of the nibe became more decentralir.cd. There were ceremonial medicine people, song keepers, and the chiefs of the ceremonial grounds. There was a medicine man who could give hunting formulas, and that's all he could do. Another one who could give fishing formulas. And women who lcoew how ro deliver babies, and soon. The medicine people still had influence. but they were not almighty. There were , definitely people who shone among those groups, and they gathered some degree of power, but that was because of ability, not because of their office. The people also gave more power 10 the village councils and balanced the influence of the clans within the villages. so that no one clan became dominant. Thus, it came about that when the white people came, they found us to be a loose federation of villages, more lroquoian in our government than most of the tribes around us. But our power was growing. I think that if the white people had waited 100 or 200 years they would have dealt with one or two governments in the Southeast. We were definitely influenced by the Iroquois. As it was, we were eventually forced by bitter expenence to adopt the white man's system of choosing one civil leader who had ultimate power. Then we got chiefs like John Ross, who passed a law saying no Cherokee could sell land. Until that time. each village acted on its own, and we were overwhelmed. / In spite of his droll pen 11ame. Bear Wirh Runs is a full-blooded member of the Cherokee cribe. He Jives in quiet a,umymity offthe Cherokee Indian ReservaJion. FREE CHEROKEE from Ahwi Brown What is a Free Cherokee? That's an honest question, and ru try ro give an honest answer. Most often a Free Cherokee is a person with a family legend about an "Indian" grandmother or grandfather. While these legends persist in famiUes throughout the land, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) has made it virtually impossible to enroll these Free Cherokees on federal rolls. The Free Cherokees are seen by many of these Xotuah JPurnat page ao people as a way to go "home." We do not seek BIA recognition or any other benefit not available to other citizens. We do appeal to our BIA "approved" cousins to join with us in keeping our heritage strong and in resurrecting Tsalagi as a spoken language. It is the hope of this Free Cherokee that the more affluent of the Free Cherokee people talce advantage of the current recession and low interest rates to acquire land parcels in the Cherokee homeland, Katuah, with the intention of establishing Tsalagi kibb1uzim within the borders of the homeland. To explain the meaning of the liebrew word kibbwzim: the Jewish people used this same method to reacquire their ancestral homeland. It took them about 100 years to do it. I hope we can beat that! . . This idea may sound crazy, but so did Z1on1Sm 100 years ago. J reel that this is an idea whose time has come. I release it to the Ancient Red. Allw18rown Chic.kamaugan Band of Fru C~ro/cus 19/SBudleySt Clialtunoogo. TN 37404 Summer, l 992 �:BUN M-OU'.NTA.'L'.N (b. 1979 • d. l 992) It was over a dozen years ago that a man named Jerry staned cooking small batches of tofu in the back of a food co-op in downtown Boone, NC and distributing it around town. This effort was passed on to others who tried to expand the tofu, tempeh, and sprout market to the rest of the state. The soy dairy was small, but it had a wide distribution within North Carolina. A series of owners found it difficult to manage, and it was passed along until John Swan bought the business in 1987. He sought to make Bean Mountain into a viable business by moving it from the slowly dilapidating building it had been housed in for years to a new building in Weaverville, NC. The hope was that with bcner access to distribution routes and better facilities, larger contracts could be gained and the business would nourish. We have recently learned, however, that Bean Mountain could not make enough money to survive in today's market. Bean Mountain tofu and tempeh have been legendary not only in the southern mountains but also in many towns in the piedmont. h will be sorely missed by many people. Hats off 10 you, John Swan, for your gal/am effons to revive this most useful of services to the community. Thanks also to the men and women who put in their sweat and blood 10 keep it going. May the memory of all that good food linger in our hearts forever. - Rob Messick SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BLACK BEAR REHABILITATION AND RELEASE CENTER Or. Michael Pelton, a wildlife biologist from the University of Tennessee who specializes in black bear research, frequently receives calls from people who have found orphaned bear cubs. Panicularly in the spring when cubs are young and inexperienced, they are at risk if they are separated from their mother by poachers, free-ranging dogs, a flood in their den, or any of a number of other causes. Until now, there have not been adequate solutions for this situation. But a dream long held by Dr. Pelton seems about 10 mnterial ize. Under the auspices of the Dragonette Society for the Preservation of Endangered Animals, work is proceeding on the Southern Appalachian Black Bear Rehabilitation and Release Center. a facility specifically designed to renccustom and relocate orphaned, injured, or starving black bears into the wild. The Center is certified as a non-profit organization and has established a board of directors. Backers have donated a site for the project in Townsend, TN near the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Architect Tom Caldwell volunteered his skills to draw up a plan for the facility, and the Oragoneue Society is now preparing for a fund-raising effon toward a $350,000 construction budget. The institution's primary focus would be 10 temporarily house and r.reat bears in order to re-establish 1hem in the wild as quickly as possible. "We want to do what we can in a confined situation to enhance the possibility of survival in the wild," said Dr. Pellon. Bears would be held for their protection only with as little contact with humans as possible. When they become strong, healthy, and acclimated enough to function in their natural habitat (a maximum of six to eight months), they would then be released 10 remote areas of the mountains or possibly in black bear reintroduction projects, like the one proposed for the Big South Fork area in Kentucky. The Dragonettt: Society for the Preservation ofEndangered Animals Box669606 Mariella, GA 30066 to"'°'ifka. IOO'U ~t\~S \ I ,-o &c>~ , a04 by Rob M, .. 0$.icl; v ( 7041 69~1 Q.8"118" An Alternative NATURAL MARKET WHOLE rooos • OULK FOODS • VITAMINF..S • Hf:R!lS • FAT FREE FOODS • TAKE OUT FOODS• SNACKS• NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Blowing Rock Ad Boone NC 28607 ~ » speaking fpr fhe earfh. --, Union Acres Rob Messick Rt. 8, Box 323 Lenoir, NC 28645 't lllll • &.234 t1<nc1enonw,..,..c;ie1)!1 C~t\b~~, M.C. Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards with artwork as seen in Katuah Journal. Send $11.25 ppd to: /•j i - - Acreage for Sale - Smol.y Mountain Living with a focus on spiritual and ecologie11I values For more informalio11: Contad C. Grant at Route 1. Box 61/ Whittier, NC 28789 (704) 497-4964 whole earth gro~ery . ·. .;·,: .. ,, r,.. ~ NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVING 146 !.'.parkway craft .:<'ntcr • suit<' 11 gatlinburg, tcnncss"<' 37'738 615-436-6967 �JUNE 12-22 AMONG THE TREES Katuah Rainbow Tribe Solstice Gathering. Somewhere in the national forest. sisters and brothers will gather 10 create a magical village of love and light. Location to be announced. For information, write to HO! Newsletter; Box 5455; Atlanta, GA 30307; or call Atlanta Rainbow Light Linc at (404) 662-6112. €V€0t'S BLACKSBURG, VA Soc1e1y for Conservation Biology Annual Meeting. Symposia on biodiversity issues. Contact DepL or Fisheries and Wildlife: VPI & SU; Blacksburg, VA 2A061 27-7/1 HOT SPRII-.GS, NC "Jndcpcndcncc Week 7.en Holiday." wilh Genlci Snndy Stewart. Medi1ation rcU'C3t held in s1lcnce, culminating ma walk up lhe moum.am. Pre-register: S225 includes lodging and vegan meals. For info on lhi.~ and other rctreais, contact Soulhcm Dharma Retreat Center: RL I. Box 34-H; Hot Springs, NC28743. (704) 622-7112. 27,7/4 IS FULL MOON/ STRAWBERRY MOON 19 ASHEVILLE, NC • AFSEEE's Vision for N:lllon:il Foresis in the Southeast," a public meeting with Jeff DeBonis, founder of the Associalion or Fo~, Service Employees for EnvironmcnU!I Ethics. 7 pm at Humanities Lccwre Hall, Univers11y of North Cnrolinll • Asheville. For info, C31I Dr. Gary Miller, UNCA. (704) 221-6441. 28 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC "Sunday m the Park," a moveable reast of emenninmcnl, will be at Lake Tomahawk today at 2 p.m. Performers will include Jerry Read Smith, Lisa Smilh, and Bonnie Blue's puppcis. For info on this and other Sunday evcnis, call Quali1y f-orward. (704) 254-1776. JULY (INTER)NATIONAL Day of Action for the 07.one layer. Don a "radiation suit" and demand a ban on CFC's and HCFC's NOW! Picket your nearest EPA office. Local eoniacc John Johnson (615) 26S-67t3 ContincnUII comacc Rhys Roth (206) 943-7259 l 3.9 19-21 WILLIS, VA "The New Dance." an exploration of changing sexual identities with Dan Chesbro. Friday • workshop for men and women IO hcal old wounds, restore Ille balance of power and shnre our spiritwll oneness. SaL, Sun.• a l'CIICal for men wilh music, bodywon:, ceremony. Indian Val~y Rctrcat: RL 2. Box 58; Willis, VA 24380. (704) 789-4295. ASHEVILLE, NC ·wise Woman Tradition: Apprentice W~." will explore herbal knowledge and women's wisdom. For info, contact WhHewolf; Box 576: Asheville, NC 28802. LINVILLE, NC 371h Annual Highland Games and Galhering or the Sc«lish Clans 01 MacRae Field beneath Ornndfalher Mo11ntain. Scottish games, dancing, uilidh, bagpipes, more. For information. call Orandfalher Mountain Highland Carnes 01 (704) 898-5286 or write to Box 356; Banner Elk, NC WASHINGTON, DC First National Carrying Capacity Issues Conference. Discuss the basic issues underlying the CWTCnt environmental crisis with leading thinkers such as Gaylord Nelson, Herman Daly, Anne Ehrlich, Garrett Hardin, Hazel Henderson, and others. $100. Carrying Capacity Network; 1325 G St. NW (Suite 1003); Washington, DC 20005 (202) 879-3044. 20 SUMMER SOLSTICE GREAT SMOKIES PARK Naturali51. nnd Educa1or Week is for anyone who wanis 10 team more abou1 lhc outdoors nnd pass lhc knowledge along. Hiking, natural h1~tory, music, swunming... and Free Tune! Spce111I gucs1 will be Doug ElboU, storyu:ller/ naturalisL Prc-rcgisu:r: S200 includes lodging and meals. For more info about this and other programs, contact On::11 Smoky Mounlllins lns111111e at Tremont; R1. t, Box 700; Townsend, TN 37882. (615) 448-6709. 22,27 "'1tt'1afi JournnC. pa9(" 32 18-19 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Great Pandas in Chma and Wildlife in the Smokies" wilt use field lrips in lhc Park lllld group discussions to mnlcc ecological, cultural and conservation comparisons be1wccn Chinn and lhc Smokies. For info about lh1s nnd olher courses, con13e1 Smoky Mounlllin Field School: 600 Henley Su-eel, Suite 105; Knoxville, Tn 37902. 1-800.284-8885. 18-19 SWANNANOA, 1'C Anciem Sw Walke.rs" class led by Page BryanL Included will be 1hc m:iking or a stnr bundle, a Stnr Dance, 111lditional Native American siories nnd sky watching. Pre-register. $85. For info about lhis and other programs, eon1.1c1 The Earth Center. See 7/11. 19-25 SWANNANOA, NC "Old-Time Music nnd Dance Week" of the Swannnnoa Onlhcring 01 Wnrrcn Wilson College. Weck-tong instructional workshops on old-time liddle and guitnr, clogging and conu:i dancing, siorytelling, and more. Ralph BliZ7..ard and lhc New Solllhem Ramblers, David Holt, Don Pedi, and others. S220 + Sl40 meals 311d lodging. Sec 7/12-18. 20 ASHEVILLE, NC "Planetary Acupuncture: Power Points and Sacred Sites and the Healing of the Earth." Breath-taking sUdes and spirirual insights by anthropologist/photographer Martin Gray. 7 pm at Laurel Auditorium, Asheville-Buncombe Technical College. $10. 9-12 28604. 19-21 W-ESSER, 11.C ACA Open Canoe Nolionnl Championsb.ips will feature racers from nll over the U.S. in slnlom and wildwau:r courses on the Nanlllh3!3 River. For info on these and other whitewater evcnis. eoniact Nam.ahala Ou1door Cenu:r; 41 Hwy 19 West; Bryson City, NC 28713. (704) 488-2175. 15-17 10 BLACK MOUNTAJN, NC Robert Hoyt, a radical voice for a New Soulh, and The Billies, rhythmic harbingers or post-mdusuial living, play 31 McDibbs; I 19 ChClT)'. For more info, call (704) 669-2456. MARSUALL, NC "Toolmaking for Woodwoiters" is a class for lhosc intuesled in u-aditional woodwor1cing lechniques requiring IOOls no longer commercially available. SIUdcnts will team IO mnke and modify IOOls, including forge work, uiught by blacksmith Frank Turley. Pre-register. S390 includes meals and camping. with donn aceomodalion available. For info on lhis and olhcr woodworking workshops, conU1c1 Counuy Workshops; 90 Mlll Cree.le Road: Marshall, NC 28753. (704) 656-2280. 20-24 SWANNANOA, NC Full Moon Lodge is a monlhly eveni; begins 111 noon. Fo, info abou1 panic1pa1ing m the sweat. conU1C1 The Earth Cenier. 302 Old Fellowship Rood: Swannanoa, NC 2377g_ (704) 298-3935. 11 12-18 SWANNANOA,NC "Scouish/Bluegrass Week" oflhc Swannanoa Orubcring 01 Warren Wilson College. Week-long instructional workshop on Scottish and bluegrass music styles with Brian McNcill, Z;in McLocd, the Lynn Moms Band, olhcrs. $220 + $140 meals and lodging. Wnu: The Swannano:i Gntbcring; WWC: Box 5299: Swannanoa, NC 28778. 14 PULL MOON/UUCK MOON Summer, t!l92 �.:!0-:!6 WILLIS, VA Seventh Annual Women's Wellness Weck. Sacred spat:c and mual, movement. sound, storytelling. more with Jane 20 Avery-Grubel, Katherine Chantal, Louise Kessel, Ise Williams. and mhcrs. Conmct Indian Valley Retreat; Rt. 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380_ (703) 789-4295. -pericarp --seedcoal UUNCO\IBE COU:O,.TY. NC Organic SmaU Farm Tour w1fl provulc an orponunity to soc orgnnic producuon technique,, green m.murcs and pc$! control~ on working farm, m the al'l!a. Sponsored by Carolina Farm S1t:w:udship Ass«ia11on. For info, call Allison Arnold :it (704) 255-5522. FRANKLIN, NC Cnmping. canoeing. rafting. hiking. first aid instruction with a small group of bomcscboolcrs in the Nnntaha13 Mountains wilh the Hcadwntcrs Homcschoolcrs Outdoor Camp. S275. For more info. contact He.id waters at (704)369-6491 or write lO 68 Lakey Creek Rd.; Franklin. NC 28734. 23-29 ASU1'; \'ILLE, NC Broom Making Workshop. Go tic one on with instructor Cnrt~n Tuule. For info on this and other craft workshops, contact Folk An Center: Box' 9545; Asheville, NC 28815. (704) 298-7928. 21-23 CULLOWII EE, NC •1..nndscaping with Nauve Plants" conference will offer lcc1urcs Md worbhops by landscapers and horticulturists. Pre-register: S50 + meals and lodging; rcgislCt separately for optional field trips on 7(22. For info, call Sue DcBord at West.em Carolina University. (704) 227-7397. 23-2S 23-8/2 SEPTEMBER Fmuru: 2. -Cn•lot1rn dc11tato, Amoricnn ch•olnul: lonld· ludinol ~ectlnn throu~h " nut, I.H x. WF,STERN NC Folkmoo1 USA brings folk dancers and mus,cinns from Hungary, Jamaica, Belgium. MCllico. Moldova, Panama. Sardinia. Ponugnl, Taiwan and Uzbcldst:111 to perform m various locauons in Kauiah. For schedule and price information, contact Folkmoot USA; Box 523: Waynesville, NC 28786. (704) 457-2997. CELO COMMUNITY, NC RSVP Summer Celebration. Picnics, tubing, hiking, dancing with Katuah's homegrown pc:icc networking journal. For trove! directions or more info, call Joseph Heflin a1 Rural Southern Voice for Peace. (704) 675-5933. 7-8 ELIZABETHTON, TN Appalachian Folk Medicine Symposium will include lcc1urcs held al Sycamore Shoals Staie Historic Sile in Elizabethton, lllld demonsr.rations and hikes at Roan Mounlllin Siate Parle. For info. contact Jeff Wardeska. Roan Mountain Society; 4 Bingham Court; Johnson City. TN 37604. (615) 929-4453. FULL MOON/HARVFSf MOON 12-20 AUGUST 12 WESTERN NC River Week celebrates the French Broad River in four WNC counties. Community events will include a canoe trip, raft race, hotdog kayaking, river safety course, and riverside concert. To avoid- being left high and dry, get a schedule from the French Broad River Foundation. (704) 252-1097. 25-26 13 FULL MOON/ GREEN CORN MOON The nrc.1'5 oldest and targc..t natural foods grocery " Kalmia Center, Inc. FRENCH BROAD Fooo Co,op Sylva, NC (704) 293-3015 Custom tilling, organic fertilizers, kelp meal, colloidal phosphate & many more products and services for abundant gardening and healthful living. (JOI) ......... .. 255-7650 your comnru1'1ly groury,1ou ._.,., ...,.,., ......... .... .. ,,,... ,... ,..., "'- 811/k Herl>s, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supphwents W11eat, Salt & Yeast-Fn•e Foods Dairy S11bstit11ti:s Hair & Skin Care Products Beer (.-f Wine Making S11J1plies 200 W. King St, Boone, NC 28607 (7(») 26-1-5220 r;f diu W WHOLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANIC PRODUCE 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm Summer, 1992 t ·,. ~ NATIVE FLUTES Two styles mode of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt. 1, Box 172-L Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 Sam!JMush Herb Nurse.~ WREATHS •POTPOURRJ • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more than 800 plm1ts from Aloe to Yarraw Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 28748 Phone for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 �HJGHLANDER CENTER is a communily-bascd educational orgnnization whose purpose is 10 provide space for people 10 learn from each olher, and lO develop solutions 10 environmenllll problems based on lhcir values, experiences, and aspirations. They also pul oul a quarterly newsletter called Highlantkr RtportS. For more info contacl Highlander Center. 1959 Highlnnder Way; New Mankct, TN 37820 (615) 933-3443. FAMll.IES LEARNING TOGETHER exisls in North Carolina as a ne1work or homeschooling families who offer infonn:n.ion, experience, and encouragemcnl 10 each olher. &nelilS of FLT membership include a quarterly newslcllCI, fumily di.roclory, fnmily galhcrings twice a year, media resource file, and much more. If you would like 10 learn more about Ibis o~n group please contacl Tnsh Sc11Cnn or Doug Woodward :ll (704) 369-6491 or write 10 68 Wey Creek Rd.; Frank Im, NC 28734. PIEDMONT BIOREGIONAL INSTITUTE· For those who live m lhe Piedmonl area, there's a b10reg1onal cffOfl well underway. Join Us! We would appreciate any donation or time or money 10 help mee1 opera1ing expenses. For a gift or S25.00 or more, we will send )'OU a copy or John Lawson's journal, A New \foyage to Carolina. Also come fmd out about the Lnwson ProjccL PBl; 412 W Rosemary S=t: Chapel Hill, NC 27516; Uwha.nia Province. (919) 942-2581 THE ALTERNATIVE READING ROOM is an unconventional library; free and open 10 lhc public. Our coltecuon intereslS include the environment, social :ind political issues, the media ond peace. We have.over 200 mag3.1.ine substripiioos. The book and video collccuo~ also emphasii.e the cnvlltlllment and political concems. Books and videos can be checked OUL A video player i~ available for watching films in the ~ng room. Localed UJ 2 Wall SL (#114): Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 252-2501. MoQ/Wed/Fri 6-Spm. Tuesffhur I-Rpm · Sal/Sun 1-6pm A VIDEO ABOUT LAND TRUSTS has been produced by lhe umd Trus1 Alliance 10 explain in lay 1erms whal a land lfUSI is. 2.7 million acres of land have been saved by non-profit land 1rus1 organi7.ntions in America This video docurnenlS lb.is movemcm's successes. Cost is 521.00 for individual and Sl4.50 for LTA members (include S4.50 for posmgc). Con!3CI: The Land Trust Alliance: 900 171h SL NW (Suite410); Washing10n, DC 20006 (202) 785-1410. ~Jli,~ J~~'[.'IOL P0:9.': ~ HAWKWlND EARTH Rl:.NEW AL COOPERATIVE is a 77 acre wilderness retreat located on Loolcou1 Mounmin Parkway in northern Alabama. Easy access. safe family camping, year round weclc:end programs featuring Native American cldc:G and Eanh teachers from around lhe world. S1r0ng spiritual foundation wilh Earth Renewal emphasis, membership discount co-op. There is no chnrge for Native American ceremonies; reservations required for all vis11S, please. Childcnre o(lell avnilllble. Write: P.O. Box 11: Valley Head, AL 35989 (205) 635-6304. For qU3flerly newsleuer and program updates send S 10.00. NATIVE AMERICAN CEREMONlALS - including handcrafted Native American ceremonial supplies. Drums, cuslOm pipes, medicine bags, swee1grass, sage, fcalhcrs. rawhide raules, IObnccos. pipe ~ . native flutes, and more! For free calalog send 10: Box 1062-K; Cherokee, NC 28719. GOOD EARTH ORGANICS in Asheville has a network-mruketing plan which can provide a substantial prut·time income. (Full time in 18-24 months). This is needed in any area, no !raining required. We provide !raining and all assistance needed to get you slllrted in your own business. Contact Good Earth at (704) 252-7169. UFETIMES .re AGES· a new release from Bob Avery-Grubel, full of new age vocal music exploring I.he mystery of life . lyrics included. On casseue only: send SI0.00 plus Sl.00 for shipping and handling 10: Bob Avery Grubel; RI. I, Box 735; Floyd. VA 24091. BEGINNING CHEROKEE LANGUAGE BOOK· supplemcnuxl wilh 1wo casscues. Sll'CSSCS alphabet & proper pronunciation. The first textbook written for use in teaching and learning 1he Cherokee language. (346 pages). S39.95 plus $5.00 shipping. analog also available wilh mpes, books, pipes, dance slicks. drums. feathers. furs, buffalo products and more. Crafl supplies also available (please specify). Send S2.00 10 the Muskrat Trader, Box 20033; Roanoke, VA 24018. COHOUSING COMMUNlTY being formed in lhe Asheville area. ResideoJS organu.e, plan, and design a coopc:rntive community where individual homes cluster around n common house wilh shnred facilities-· laundry, workshops. children's room, dining room, etc. Opportunities ror energy efficient, ecologically sound land use. Inquiries inviled. Coouict: John Senechal: P.O. Box 1176: Weaverville, NC 28787 (704) 658-3740. LAND SURVEYOR seeks land conscrvW1Cy, community land trust. and other alternative community and green proJccts. Licensed in LA, ME, NC, NH, TN. Contact Rantbll Orr. RI . 3, Boit 345; Sneedville, TN 37869 (615) 2n-0416. HEADWATERS helps both individu:ils ond families dcvcl0p their outdoor ~kills wilh an awurcness of lhc value or our nmural world. We offer a diver.ily of experiences, rncluding family advcnwrcs, Homc!ilChoolcrs Outdoor Camp, mstruclion m kayaking, canoeing, backpacking. bicycle touring, nmwc ph01ogrophy, and wilderness rafung. For program mformalion, COlllllCt Trish Severin and Doug Woodward nt (704) 369~91 or wntc 10 68 Lakey Creek Rd.; Franklin, NC 28734. ETHER IC ANALYSIS • most complete rcpon on chak.ras and emouons as Ibey an:: effecung your being. Include.~ pcrsooalii:cd Gem Elixer 10 balance Auric Body. Mail five hai~ (plucked from your head), name, address, and S55.00 10: Dawn: Rt. 3. Box 9; Llncsvillc, PA 16424. MAGICAL HERBS • planlS, books, and fTCC newsletter. Send 10 Wi7.ard's Way; 75 Broadway; Asheville, NC 28801. Alternatives ... The Dir«1 of ln1enrional Communities is lhc prodory uct or two years of intenS"ive research, and is lhe most comJ]fdlensive and accura1e dircc10ry available. fl documenlS lhc vision and lhc daily life of more lhan 350 communities in Nonh America, and more lhan 50 on olher continents. Each community's listing includes name, address, phone, ond a description of the group. Extensive cross-rercrencmg and indexing male.es themfonnation easy 10 access for a wide variety or users. Includes maps. over 250 additional Resource listings. and 40 related aruclcs. 328 pages 8-1/2xl I Perfcclbound October 1990 ISBN Number: 0-9602714- 1-4 $16.00 Add $2.00 postage & hnndling for first book, $.50 for each additionnl; 40% discount on orders of 10 or more. Alpha Fann. Deadwood. OR (503) 964-6102 RSVP SUMMER CELEBRATION - July 25-26th at I.he home of Rum! Southern Voice for Peace in lhe Cclo Comrnuruty. Picnics, 1ubmg, fishing, hilang, dancing, fine food and music! Fnmily Cun for childn:n or all ages. Mark lhe date on your calendar now! Call Joseph Heflin at RSVP ror information and schedule or weekend even is (704) 675-5933. • Webworking costs: There is a charge of $2.50 (pre-paid) for each Webworking entry of 50 words or less. Submit entries for Issue #36 by August, 15th 1992 to: Rob Messick; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645. (704) 754-6097. . Summer, 1992 �BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE t ISSUE FOUR-SUMMER 1984 Water Orum • Water Quality· Kudzu - Solar Eclipse - Clearcu1ting - Trout - Going 10 Water - Ram Pumps - Microhydro - Poems: Bennie lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE· FALL 1984 Harvest· Old Ways in Cherokee- Ginseng· Nuclear Waste - Our Celtic Heritage - Bioregion:ilism: Past, Present. and Future - John Wilnoty - Healing Darkness - Politics or Parucipa1ion ISSUE SIX· WINTER 1984·85 Winter Solstice Earth Ceremony - Horsepasture River - Coming or lhe Light - Log Cabin Roots· Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop - Willirun Taylor - The Future or lhe Forest ISSUE SEVEN - SPRlNG 1985 Susia.inable Economics - Hot Springs - Worker Ownership - The Great Economy - Self Help Credit Union • Wild Turkey - Responsible Investing Working m Ille Web of Life ISSUE EIGHT· SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life- Ko1uah 18.000 Years Ago - Sacred Sites - f'olk Arts m lhc Schools· Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems: Hilda Downer • Cherokee Heritage Center - Who Owns Appalochia? lSSUE NINE· PALL 1985 The Waldcc Forest - The Trees Speak • Migrating Forests - Horse Logging - Starting a Tree Crop Urban Trees - Acom Bread • Mylll Time ISSUE TEN - WlNTER 1985·86 Ka1e Rogers· Circles of S10ne • Internal Mylhmaking - Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: Steve Knauth - Mythic Places · 111e Ukterui's Talc Crystal Magic - "Dreamspcuking" ISSUE THIRTEEN· FALL 1986 Center For Awakening· Elizabeth Callari - A Gentle Death - Hospice - Ernest Morgan· Ocaling Creatively with Death· Home Burial Box - The Wake. The Raven Mocker - Woodslore & Wild· woods Wisdom· Good Medicine: The Sweat Lodge ISSUE FOURTEEN· WlNTER 1986-87 Lloyd Carl Owle • Boogers and Mummers - All Species Day - Cabin Fever UniVCISi1y • Homeless in Katuah - Homemade Hot Waw • S1 ovemaker's Narmtive - Good Medicine: Jnu:rspecies Communication The Chalice and the Blade ISSUE TWENTY-SIX· WINTER, 1989-90 The Ecozoic Era - Kids S:iving Rainforest - Kids Treccycling Company· Connict Resolution - , ~UA~OURNAL 35 PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6097 Name Regular Membership........$] 0/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contnbutor .....................$50/yr. Address State City Summer, 1992 If ISSUE FIFTEEN· SPRING 1987 Coverlets· Woman Forester - Susie McMahan: Midwife - Alternative Contraception - Biosexuality • Biorcgionalism and Women • Good Medicine: Malrinrchal Cul111re - Ptarl ISSUE SIXTEEN· SUMMER 1987 Helen Waite - Poem: Visions in a Garden - Vision Qucsl - First Flow - lni1iaLion - Leaming in the Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge - "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WINTER 1987-88 Vemncular Architccture - Dreams in Wood and S10ne - Mountain Hoene • Earth Energies • Earlll-Shehcred Livmg • Membrane Houses - Brush Shcltcr. Poems: October Dusi,; • Good Medicine: "Shell.Cr" ISSUE NINETEEN - SPRING 1988 Pcrelandra Garden· Spring Tonics· Blueberries· Wildflower Gardens - Granny I lcrbalist . Flower Essences - "The Origin of lhe Animals:• Story • Good Medicine: "Poww-" - Be A Tree ISSUE TWENTY· SUMMER 1988 Prc.c;crvc AppamchiAII Wilderness. Highlands of Roan - Celo Community - L'llld Trust • Arthur Morgan School - ZOning Issue - "The Ridge· • Farmers and lhe Farm Bill - Good Medicine: "Land" • Acid Rain - Duke's Power Play - Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO· WINTER 1988·89 Global Warming - Fire This Time. Thomas Berry on "Bioregions" - Earlll Exercise - Kor~ Loy McWhirtcr. An Abundance or Empuness - LETS· Chronicles or Floyd. Darry Wood - The Bear Clan ISSUE TWENTY-THREE· SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village. Planet An. Green City. Poplar Appeal· "Clear Sky"·" A New Earlll" - Black Swnn - Wild lovely Days· Reviews: Sacred lond Sacred Sex. Ice Age - Poem: "Sudden Tendrils" ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR· SUMMER 1989 Deep Listening - Life in A10mic City - Direct Action! - Tree of Peace - Community Building Peacemakers - Ethnic Survival· Pairing Project· "Baulesong" - Growing Pc:icc in Cultures - Review: I Phone Number Zip Enclosed is$._ _ _ _ 10 give this effort an extra boost Developing Creative Spirit - Birth Power - Magic of Puppetry - Home Schooling· Naming Ceremony. Mother Earth's Classroom - Gardening for Children ISSUE TWENTY-SEVEN - SPRING. 1990 Transformation. Healing Power - Peace to Their Ashes - Healing in Kauiah - Poem: "When Left to Grow" - Poems: Stephen Wing • The Belly • Food from the Ancient Forest ISSUE TWENTY-NINE - FALl./WlNTER 1990 From !he Mountains 10 the Sea - Profile of The L1ule Tennessee River - Headwaters Ecology· "II All Comes Down Lo Water Quality" • Water Power. Action for Aquatic Habitats· Dawn Watche:s • Good Medicine: The Long Humnn Being - The North Shore Road - Katu:lh Sells Ou1 • WatcrShcd Mop or Ille KlllWlh Province ISSUE THIRTY - SPRING 1991 Economy/Ecology - Ways 10 a Rcgencrauve Economy - "Money is the Lowest Form of Weallll" • Clarksville Miracle - TI1c Village • Food Movers Lifework - Good Medicine: "Village Economy"· Shellon Laurel • LETS ISSUE THIRTY-ONE - SUMMER 1991 Dowsing - Responsibilities of Dowsing· Electrical Life or the Earth • Kaluah and the Earlll Grid - Call of 1he Ancient Ones - Good Medicine: "On Aggression" - Time 10 Take the Time to Take the Time. Whole Science. Tuning Tn ISSUE THIRTY-TWO - FALL 1991 Bringing back the Fire - A Bi1 or Mountain Levity Climax Never Came - "Talking Leaves": Sequoyah· Walking Disianec - Good Mc.dicinc: "Serving lhe Great Life" · The Granola Journal • Paintings: "Mountain Stories" - Songs of the Wilderness ISSUE THIRTY-TiiREE- WINTER 1991-92 Fire's Power - What Is Natural • Fire and Forge The First Fire • Hearth and Fire in Ille Mountains · Good Medicine: "The Ancient Red" - Midwinter Fires: poems by Jeffery Beam - Litmus Lichens ISSUE TI-URTY-FOUR • SPRlNG 1992 Pnradisc Gardening - CommuniLy Sponsoccd Agricut111rc • Eluting Close to Home· Native Foods • Cover Crops· Kou1ah Cultivars • The Web of Life: A Kaniah Almanx - Good Medicine "Med_icinc Training" • Poems by Allison Sutherland Back Issues: Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $,_ __ Issue # _ _@ $2.50 = $,_ __ Issue # _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ postage paid $_ __ , Complete Set: (3- 10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-27, 29-34) postage paid @ $50.00 = $._ __ Xntuoh )otimitt page'35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 35, Summer 1992 Description An account of the resource The thirty-fifth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on councils and consensus in governance and making decisions for the future. Authors and artists in this issue include: Caroline Estes, Joyce Johnson, Rob Messick, Bear With Runs, Lucinda Flodin, David Wheeler, Stephen Wing, Lee Barnes, Will Ashe Bason, Clear Marks, Karen Fletcher, James Rhea, Rhea Ormond, Ray Barnes, Michael Thompson, Troy Setzler, Taylor Reese, Rebecca Wilson Hicks, Jenny Bitner, and Ahwi Brown. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Consensus by Caroline Estes.......1 Decision-Making Process by Joyce Johnson.......4 Problems with Consensus by Rob Messick.......5 Tribal Council by Bear With Runs........6 Elda by Lucinda Flodin.......9 The State of Franklin by David Wheeler.......11 Where the Trees Outnumber the People by Stephen Wing.......14 In Council with All Beings by Lee Barnes.......16 Steve Moon: Shell Engravings.......17 Good Medicine.......18 Natural World News.......20 A Look Back by Will Ashe Bason.......23 Are Bioregions Too Big? by Rob Messick.......24 Practices for Full Self-Rule by Clear Marks.......25 Drumming.......26 Jury Nullification by Karen Fletcher.......28 Review: Beyond the Limits by Rob Messick.......29 Events........32 Webworking.......34 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Cherokee Indians--Social life and customs--History Consensus (Social Sciences) Tennessee, East--History Folklore--Appalachian Region, Southern Cooperation--Virginia--Floyd County--History Human ecology--Religious aspects North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Definitions Black Bears Book Reviews Cherokees Community Earth Energies Economic Alternatives Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Geography Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Plants and Herbs Poems Politics Radioactive Waste South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d6750f94c0a18f40bca5af30e17a5990.pdf 5e1986979bd6644b0725bad9148dd445 PDF Text Text ISSUE 36 FALL 1992 $2.00 ,.·········~···-..... ...,! ........ I" ? . ~-- -- '··~---.. ..,..•.... •r.--,.•,.--... ···-···_;:) WORKING WITH WOOD �PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 New Address Inside! Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 _. "1''e o,. .,,,. C, () I' Printed on recycled paper ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �Using Wood............................... Appalachian Logging..................... 4 by Lee Barnes Old Logging Days......................... 7 by Frank Hodgin Working the Woodlands................. 9 by David Wheeler Wood Products and Western Nonh Carolina.................. 10 by Dr. John Wade 13 USING WOOD Logging with Horses.......·-··········· 15 'Thi! ecoMmic base ofthe area is rapidly changing from agriculture and primary industry 10 service-related indJAS1ry. especially tourism." Natural World News..................... 16 Invasion of the Giants.................... 19 Depletion for Dollars...................... by Harley Wessman by Nancy McIntyre • The Dra!I Land and Rcsouroe Management Pl.an for lhe Nanlahala-Pisgah National Forests by Buzz Williams From Industry to Endeavor.............. 20 by David Wheele.r Pioneering A New Human/Nature Relationship.............. 21 by Robcn T. Pershcel Forest S1ewardship Programs........... 22 by Jesse Jones Ecological Foresay for Renewable Forest Values................. 23 by Leon S. Minckler Drumming.................................. 25 The Chair in the Tree...................... 27 by Tucker Windover Reading the Grove........................ 29 by Charloue Homsher Events....................................... 32 Webworking............................... 33 Drawing by Hope Walker f'a(L, 1992 Fanning and logging were the traditional mainstays of the mountain economy. Working with the land was for a long time the only way to live in the remote mountains. Isolated from the national economy more by poor transportation routes than by distance, the white mountaineers lived independently, each family deriving their own living from the fields and forests of their inherited cove lands. The fields grew food; the forests provided additional food sources, as well as a source of wood. The white mountain folk almost literally built their lives out of wood. As well as fuel, it was also used in the making of shelter, tools and utensils, storage containers, and wagon bodies. 11 was even necessary in the manufacruring of the leather that harnessed the horses. The arrival of the railroads changed all that. A flood of ou1side capital rode into the mountains on the rails and the primary objec1 of the corporate desire was the wood growing on 1he mountainsides. Many mountain people drew their first paychecks at the logging camps that sprung up in the hills at lhe tum of the century. The logging boom was in lhe voracious style of capilalism that characteriz.ed that era - it was short and intense, and lhen it was over. The great trees were gone and so were lhe timber barons with their paychecks. But the lives of the mountain people were irrevocably changed. They were integrated into the cash economy and could not go back. Many people left the mountains to follow the logging companies to the Pacific Nonhwest; others migrated to the Piedmont to work at the textile mills. Logging continued, but it was once again small operations cutting primarily for local use. The fanning lifestyle persisted into the 1940's, but once the region was opened to the flow of cash and goods, people increasingly preferred to buy food with wages than to scratch the ever more crowded hillsides for their living. Another transportation breakthrough brought another influx of oucside money and culture and tightened the bonds that held the region into the dominant national economy. The construction of the interstate highways opened the mountains to throngs of people attracted by the region's natural beauty. People came 10 visit, as tourisls and second-home owners, or they came to live, like the many retirees and professional people who found it was much more pleasan1 to live in the mountains than in the crowded cities. Service jobs, taking care of the needs of the visitors and the well-to-do new arrivals, rose sharply and are stiJI climbing. Employment in service occupations is th. e dominant factor in the region's economic picture. Farm employment has dwindled. Most of those who call themselves farmers now work the land only part-time and make the bulk of their living at wage jobs. About the same number of people are employed in the wood products industries as were 30 Drawing by Rob Messick (continued on page 3) "4tuah JournaC page 1 �' ""' ~/ ,, ,I MAST HEADS THIS ISSUE: Sherman Bamford Becky Barwick Charlotte Homsher Steve Lee Pegi L- - - - - -- - - - '/ ,, - ., ./ .•.. COVER: by Rob Messick ©1992 PUBLISHED BY: Kat1mh Journal PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mowitaineer Press EDITORIAL OFFICE THIS ISSUE: Billy Home and Gardens, Asheville, NC (love that basil!) WRITE us AT: Kanmh Journal Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC Katuah Province 28645 TELEPHONE: (704) 754-(IJ97 Diversity is an imponant element of biorcgional ecology, both natural and social. In accord with this principle Ka1uah Journal tries to serve as a forum for the discussion of regional issues. Signed articles express only the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily the opinions of the Katuah Journal edil.OlS or staff. The Internal Revenue Service has declared Katuah Journal a non-prolil organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. All contributioos to Katuah Journal are deductible from personal income mx. Articles appearing in Ka1uah Journal may be reprinted in other publications with permission from the Katuah Journal siaff. Contact the journal in writing or call (704) 754-6097. ..... . ...,.... ,.. ., ,<'o .,..l.\..,,>" o'\J\),~ ...,to-~ ., ~~'"' .,... ( _., ... ~· ,,,.:~ ,.. . .,._ • ... . .r••••· · .. ., t: · --t··-------- --'.••! I - J. - - - - - - - - - - "" - .,.,,•., . •: , 6';-,. \- . ' I 1,....._··,•• _,,.A: ~..,·:·.....J..,·. .. · .. . -, .... ... ••• ••r'f'· . , .., •..->4·· , - .. ,' ,..,_ ,., •_.... _ _ . •~.. ..;-•.._....,_ -- , ;•• .,.•.~····:!,-" · ... .,__.. , · . --: ' .•... ..,/.:-=---- --- ----:-:,...-i~- ----- - ,.,-::..· : _ ---- Lee Barnes . -~· ,,,- ' ... ~ - -.. . -.. . ,_,.,, ,-' . .••_....;.• ••--!· : .;.;J Heather Blair Jesse Jones Rob Messick David Wheeler ( \ -------- ---~, STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once 1he Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Soulhem Plain on this Tunle Island continent of Mother Ela. the Eanh Here, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection to the spirit of lhe land. We bring this connection into lhe being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we listen and we act We tune our lives to the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preserve, defend, and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good Harmony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As the land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. 'LNVOCA.'JWN Oh, trees, Dear sisters and brothers, We stand here To honor you. We acknowledge our kinship to you. We are because you are. You are a part of us, And we are a part of you. We revere your life-giving gifts, Your beauty and your chemistry, Your stability and flexibility. We cherish your life And feel blessed to live with you. Karuah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems, and artwork we speak to the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, lhe human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. The Editors KATUAH JOURNAL wants ro comm1111icare yo11r tltoughts and feelings 10 the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to LIS as leuers, poems, stories, arricles, drawings, or photographs, ere. Please send your contribwions 10 11s at: Kafliah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323: Lenoir, NC Karuah Province 286-15. OUR NEXT ISSUE will be on "Bio-visions" or graphic art representations of what the bioregion is and what it could be. Images will be the language of this issue. Your contribution is requested. Deadline is November 15th, 1992. Send to Rob Messick; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645. THE SPRING ISSUE will be dedicated to sustainable tourism and transport, including green alternatives to uavel. The deadline is February 1st, 1993. OUR LAST ISSUE will be an index to the 38 issues of Katuah Journal, and a listing of bioregional organizations. '.Katimh Journa! pti9e 2 f'aU:, 1992 �(c:ontinUc4 flOltl pqa I) years ago (and to a great extent they arc members of the same families), but the relative percentage of those working with forest products has shrunk as the region's population and employment in other sectors has increased. Today the land-based occupations have faded from their former prominence in the regional economy. The rapacious timber barons arc gone, but the logging companies still arc often seen as the villains in local national forest land use controversies, as logging is the primary on-the-ground activity destroying the old growth forest and degrading native habitats. Logging frequently causes environmental damage on private lands as well. At best a logging site is messy and ugly for some years after the wodc is completed, but poor silviculture and careless cutting practices can leave a poor mix of unhealthy ~ . compacted and eroded soil, herbicide poisoning, and silted creeks. However, we cannot simply wish away wood use, one of our primary land-based occupations. Mountains, forests, rocks, and clear running water are what exist naturally in this place. If we arc going to grow a society that is bioregional, tied closely to the land and based on natural cycles, it will be nourished on food grown in our own fields and orchards. If we arc going to build a regional economy here, it will be built - like that of the early white mountain people - largely of wood. We must restore these "primary industries." Our central challenge in finding our place in any region is: can we live in a good relation with the land? In the Katuah bioregional province, this increasingly comes back to us as the question: working in a right way, can we use wood? In this issue of the Katuah Journal we look at how we arc using the mountain hardwoods. We will examine the wood products industry working in the upland forests today, partly to gain a better understanding of a powerful force in the region's economic and political landscape, but also to sec what changes we must make to create a beneficial and harmonious forestry that could be of benefit to all. The first school of forestry was founded here in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. It would only be right for the Southern Appalachians to be the place where we start over and create another school of forestry practice, this one based on the region's native vegetation and natural patterns of growth. Such a field - or forest - of endeavor, done rightly, could be of positive ecological benefit to the bioregion. It could also be a paradigm for a healthy society. "Putting down roots" is the first prerequisite of biorcgional consciousness. When we arc really here, truly aware, we live with future generations in mind. The trees grow from 150 to 500 years in age, or five to 16 human generations. Thinking in those terms would cenainly transfonn our relationship with the land. To people measuring their lives in this time frame, it would be absurd 10 degrade or destroy their - and their descendants' - natural TaCL, 1992 Phoro by Rob Messiclc life suppon processes for the sake of shon-term gain. They would be as unlikely to "high-grade" the forest (cut the best trees and leave the inferior stock) as to pave it over for another shopping mall. To these people, it would also be patently obvious that they should defend the life web from all hann, whether it be the insidious intrusion of atmospheric pollution or disruptive activities . by their fellow humans. When we arc really here, truly aware, we also see the breadth and depth of relationships that keep this land alive. Biodiversity, this is called. The trees arc not the forest, but they arc the greatest plants that grow there. It takes a balancing of myriads of lives, many of them great, many more of them infinitesimally small, to create each living tree. An ecologically realistic viewpoint would see each tree as a culmination of these dynamic relationships. Tall buckeyes and stout beeches are not isolated phenomena that can be divorced from their surroundings. They are integral partS of their life community, and true forestry nunures the health and balance of the whole community to promote the health and growth of its trees. We can learn from true foresters what they learn from the trees: stand tall, grow slowly, develop strong roots, be open to both rain and sun, be green, be of service. Gregory Bateson, who combined careers in biology, anthropology, and psychiatry and is thought by many to be one of the great thinkers of the 20th century, was fond of retelling this story from England: "New College, Oxford, is of rather late foundation, hence the name. It was probably founded around the late 16th century. It has, like other colleges, a great dining hall with big oak beams across the top. These might be eighteen inches square, twenty feet long. "Some five to ten years ago, so I am told, some busy entomologist went up into· the roof of the dining hall with a penknife and poked at the beams and found that they were full of beetles. This was reponed to the College Council, who met in some dismay, because where would they get beams of that caliber nowadays? "One of the Junior Fellows stuck his neck out and suggested that there might be on College lands some oak. These colleges arc endowed with pieces of land scattered across the country. So they called in the College Forester, who of course had not been near the college itself for some years. and asked him about oaks. "And he pulled his forelock and said, 'Well sirs, we was wondrin' when you'd be askin'.' "Upon funher inquiry it was discovered that when the College was founded, a grove of oaks had been planted to replace the beams in the dining hall when they became bcetly, because oak beams always become bcetly in the end. This plan had been passed down from one Forester to the next for four hundred years: 'You don't cut them oaks. Them's for the College Hall.'" "A nice story. That's the way to run a culture," Gregory Bateson would comment . ne F.Alitrrs New Colugutory q/lQlff wllli pm,tissionfr- / ~Nes1 Whole Eanh Catalog (1980). x.at.i&ah Journal pMJe 3 �APPAL?\CHr~N , by Lee Barnes The original forests of the Southern Appalachian Mountains contained the greatest diversity of hardwood trees on the con?nent. The majority of the Southern Appalachian trees are hardwood species, with interspersed stands of softwoods, primarily hemlock and pine. These forests occur in natural associations: Upland Hardwood Forest (oaks, hickories, and other species), Cove Hardwood Forest (yellow poplar, ash, red maple, basswood, and other species), Oak-Pine Forest mixtures, Boreal Hardwood Forest (Birch, beech, sugar maple and associated species), and high-altitude Spruce-Fir Forests, which occur in almost pure stands at elevations above 6000 feet. The Spruce-Fir forests are currently under rapid decline due to insect attack and atmospheric pollution. Prior to the twentieth century, the American chestnut was a dominant species in the mid-elevation forests. In 1909, American chestnuts were estimated to compose an average 27% of the trees in the entire Appalachian forest. As late as 1925, 43% of the trees in Buncombe County, NC were chesmuts. Following the introduction of the chestnut blight in the early 1900's, chestn~t trees were eliminated during a 30 year penod as a dominant forest canopy, timber, and important mast tree (one producing wild nuts of acorns). While chestnut root sprouts and seedlings are still occasionally seen in the forest understory, lhese only grow for 10-20 years and then die. Historically, Native Americans used wildfires to modify the forest by clearing shrub tinderstories 10 increase habitat and browse for game animals, especially deer and bear. Fire was used to clear harvested com fields of weeds and insect pests, and to return nutrients to the stream-bottom fields. Forest trees provided the native inhabitants with edible fruits and nuts, medicinals and ceremonial and construction woods. Th~ natural properties of individual woods were well known and utilized by the Indians. For the Indians, each tree, each plant had its parpose - its blessing. Several types of wood were sacred to the Indians, and were not cut or damaged except for ceremonial uses. Ceremonial prayers, gifts, and thanks always accompanied the "taking" of plants and animals. The noted anthropologist James Moody recorded many of the uses and rituals associated with plants native to the southern Appalachians, noting that eastern red cedar was the most.sacred tree to the Cherokees. European settlers entered Western North Carolina forests in large numbers between 1790 and the 1820's. The dense forests were considered as a hindrance by the Xatt'.uin Jou.rnaf; page 4 early settlers who needed sunlight for their domestic crops. Small fields were prepared for planting by killi~g the trees by_ "~rdling," cutting through the mner layer of livmg cells all around the trunk. First season crops were often planted between the leafless girdled trees, which were later cut for household fires or burned in field-side piles. The first settlers had only hand tools such as falling saws and falling axes, and perhaps, a broad axe for trimming and making rough boards. Early homes were built of logs or rough timber, with sawn lumber used primarily for coffins. The surrounding forestS provided.the settlers with wood for fuel. timber, utensils, bowls, and baskets. The settlers quickly learned from the Indians which woods were best for particular purposes. Metal tools were rare and . expensive, so many of the parts for sunple tools and machinery were made from wood. The original forests provided abundant"mast for free-ranging hogs and game animals. Hog and bear meat was best in the fall after the animals browsed on the nutS and acorns, particularly chestnuts, scattered on the forest floor. After clearing lands for homestead and agricultural parposes, the early settlers "high-graded" (cut the best of) the more valuable hardwoods for their own use and the local market. Woods such as black walnut, butternut, white oak and cherry were cut and dragged out of the forest by oxen_ and ho~es. The most desirable trees, those with supenor characteristics (size, straightness of trunk, freedom from excessive lower branches etc.) were cut first from the forestS, with no thought to the loss of gen~tically s~peryor seed-parents. This early ~1gh-grading 1 _s believed to have resulted in a decrease 10 genetically superior or "select" trees, while inferior trees were often left to release their seeds to create the next generation forest. Logging and lumber production in the Southern Mountains was accomplished using only hand tools until the late 1700's, when small-scale water driven "sash" or "gate" saws were introduced. These, too, gradually became obsolete after the introduction of steam-powered circular saws during the latter pan of the nineteenth century. Wood was dragged from the forest by horses, sometimes along constructed "pole roads" made of small diameter poles laid across the path. Logs were also "b~ooted," rolled and tumbled down the mountains, which was very damaging to the understory plants. Later, the horse dragging technique was modified to include specially constructed V-shaped troughs or water-driven flumes. Horses were used to start the downward momentum of the logs, but were hitched so that when sufficient momentum was gained, they could step aside onto "side-out" paths, and the logs would continue sliding down the mountain. Many logs were floated out o~ the . mountains along streams above wh.tch special "splash-dams" were constructed. The dams were built to entrap sufficient water to be quickly released through special flood-gates to flash-flood cut logs down streams where they were collected behind floating booms and then fed into sawmills. The splash dam technique was inefficient and very destructive to plant and animal life in the stream bed. But a shadow was looming over the mountains. Industrial progress was at hand. By the 1860's, the great forests of the northern and middle Atlantic states had been felled to build and fuel the rapidly developing Yan:, 1992 �t;OGGING COUl'IU)' Joraboro Museum. Washington Co1tt1ty TN East Coast cities, and large commercial steam-driven sawmills were slicing up the virgin forests of nonhern Pennsylvania. They were expanding into West Virginia by the 1870's. By the turn of the twentieth century, the original forests in Maine and the Great Lakes states had also fallen before the saw. In 1855, the North Carolina Legislature granted a chaner to the Greenville and French Broad Railroad Co. (GFB RR) to consm.ict a rail line into Western Nonh Carolina. Actual track laying from Greenville, SC to points nonh and west began in 1873. The line reached Asheville Junction (then named "Best") in 1880, 10 years after the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. The imponant timber and pulp town of Canton, NC was established in 1883 following the extension of the railroad from Asheville. A new age of technology had arrived. Timber interests had spent the last decade buying up lands in the mountains. Now they lost no time in connecting their properties to the main railroad lines. In I 873 Ephraim Shay of Ohio had invented the Shay engine. This railroad engine had horizontally mounted, gear-driven wheels which allowed greater traction to pull heavy loads and climb slopes of nearly 60°. The Shay engine was reported to be able to pull itself back onto the tracts following minor derailments. This unique gear-driven engine was soon nicknamed "Sidewinder." With the introduction of the Shay engine, railroads could now access huge are3S of the mountain forests which had previously been closed to logging. The narrow-gauge logging railroad lines were never safe. Train wreaks were common, and were widely reponed and photographed. Many lives were lost due to :fa[L, 1992 run-away engines and major derailments. But they enabled timber barons to make fortunes in the mountain coves and hollers. To cut the logs coming off the little trains, the well-financed timber companies also installed large steam-driven band saws, which were capable of producing over 100 thousand board feet of lumber per day. Once, long ago, two men had typically sawn 100 sawn board feet in one day and water-powered mills had produced 1,000 board feet per day. The late 1880's saw the beginnings of the US Forest Service. The US Division of Forestry was created in 1881, at the urgings of forest specialists Charles Sargent and Gifford Pinchot, by President Grover Cleveland. The first "forest reserve" (predecessor to our current national forests) was established in 1891. The Organic Administration Act of 1897 defined the purposes of the forest reserves as "securing favorable conditions for water flow, and to furnish a continuous supply of timber for the use and necessities of the citizens of the United States." In 1911, the Weeks Acl authorized federal funding to acquire "forested, cut-over, or denuded lands within the watersheds of navigable streams..." The first national forestland in the east was the Pisgah National Forest which was established in 1916 from the land holdings of George Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt's widow sold the denuded land for $5 per acre, after previously selling the timber rights for $12 per acre. Several associated railroads and logging companies co-developed in the Appalachian forests in the early 1900's. Numerous northern and foreign-financed logging companies quickly established themselves in the Southern Appalachians including Suncresl, Crestmont, Bemis Lumber Co., Ritter Lumber Co., Little River Lumber Co., Scottish Carolina Timber and Land Co., Champion Fiber Co., and dozens of smaller companies. Their output was tremendous. An estimated 1 billion board feet of lumber were cut by the Little River Lumber Co. at its Townsend, TN mill; 200 million board feet by a Ritter Co. mill at Proctor, NC; Champion produced 5 million board feet a month at Sunburst in Haywood County, NC; and The Perley and Crockeu Lumber Mill near Black Mountain, NC cut 250 million board feet. Wood too small for lumber was generally used for pulpwood - especially the softwoods, spruce and white pine. Champion Fiber Company's Sunburst community boasted the largest double-band sawmill in the region. Buih along the west fork of the Pigeon River above Canton, NC, the company town consisted of the sawmill, houses, pose office, schools, churches, and had rail passenger service lo and from Canton. Interviews with retired workers from that mill repon thal between 140,000 and 160,000 board feet of sawn lumber were produced daily during typical work days, with a one-day record of 250,000 board feet. The mill burned once in the early i 920's and then was completely destroyed by a massive fire in 1925, along with most of the railroad bridges, logging camps, and the surrounding mountainsides. Not only were the forests and mountainsides forever changed by the industrial logging, but so were the mountaineers, who in the three or four decades of the logging boom grew accustomed 10 steady employment and living a more contemporary lifestyle in the newly consm.icted milltowns. The mountaineers were introduced to electricity, phones, regular health services, community theaters, motion picture theaters, barber shops, and even soda fountains. During this period, a unique private School of Forestry developed. The Biltmore School of Forestry, founded by Dr. Carl Schenck, was the first organized school of modem forestry in the United States (informally founded in 1898 prior to the nation's first Forestry School at Yale University). Dr. Schenck based his lectures on forest management upon his experiences as a student in European forestry and his hands-on experience as the Chief Forester of the Vanderbilts' Pisgah Forest. Schenck was brought to America by George Vanderbilt to manage his newly acquired 125,000 acre forest. Schenck was a student of Sir Dietrich Brandis, one of the first modem European foresters, and succeeded Gifford Pinchot as Chief Forester at the Biltmore estate when Pinchot left to guide the political changes (continued on next page) :K.ati«m Jou.mat page S �were cut, the industrial timber interests set out for the west coast to continue their rampage. For decades after the boom was over, timbering in the Southern Appalachians was canied oo by small, local logging operations who picked over the scraps of forest the big companies had inadvertently missed. Through natural growth and the stewardship of the public lands by the US Forest Service, the forest is returning. Now it faces another crisis as it nears economic maturity once again. ln summary, our region's current publjc and private forests have been greatly modified by humankind, resulting in woodlands greatly changed in composition and character. Our philosophies on forest and wood-use must be expanded to encompass all the values of the forest - sustainability, lum1?Cr, habitat, species diversity, water quality, recreational and spiritual values. Historical destruction and modification of the original forests have resulted in our present forests which continue 10 be damaged by our over-consumption and lack of empathy with the forest's inhabitants. Photo US National Archive (continued from page 5) needed to establish the United States Division of Forestry. Through trial and error, Dr. Schenck discovered that modem forest management D?USt be unique to each specific forest and cucumstance. He continually not.ed that forestry techniques were lightly linked to the availability of inexpensive transportation. Schenck was the first teacher to link classr~m ~eo!Y with hands-on, practical expenence tn different forest settings, and took great care to establish and monitor e~erimental management techniques on different forest plots. He realized that forestry manage!Dent must include not only timber producnon but also mineral, wildlife (hunting and fi_shing) and recreational (hiking, c~pmg) management. Early studentS of The B_ ll~ore Forest School were soon widely clistnbu1ed among the Forest Service and held leadership roles in developing forestry programs for the state universities. About 1914 the steam-driven, "Clyde Overhead Skidder" was developed. This machine consisted of a reinforced. stationary tower-boom with huge cable reels connected to a movable double cable trolley system. Mile-long, 2 inch thick cables could be positioned to "skid" four or five logs up to 40 feet long nearly one mile through the woods to a loading area where they could then be loaded onto railroad cars for transpon to nearby sawmills. The steam-powered McGiffert Log Loader was capable of loading huge logs onto train cars. and even had the ability to "lift iLSelf by the bootstraps." Huge areas of forest were cut using these machines, which carelessly wreaked havoc upon small crees and other vegetation in the drag-lanes. It was reported that one skidder remained working at the same site on Sam's Knob above Sunburst for two years. While huge quantities of timber were >Cat.uah )ournm page 6 removed using overhead skidders, these foreslS were often later scarred by huge forest fires, _often started _by SJ?arks from the heavy machinery, or by lightmng, or deliberately set fires (caused by displaced bootleggers, it was sometimes said) which raced through the slash left behind the logging operations. The massive grassy balds in Shining Rock Wilderness Area, along the Blue Ridge Parkway above Canton, are the result of skidder logging followed by a great frre in 1925. There are reports of fires burning continuously for three weeks. One logger stated that "they burned up more timber than they ever cut." The great fires of the industrial logging period influenced to this day the plant and animal associations found in the Southern Appalachians. When the last stands of the great trees We must see our southern forests as more than a timber base in order 10 realize th~ir full value. Our remaining public and pnvate forests are not just timber and mineral resources. These forests are the biological reservoirs of the land. Woodlands are the lungs and kidneys of the planet, producing oxygen, and cleansing the air we breath and the waters we drink. The forests are our region's greatest biological asset. They need to be managed for the benefit of all species. The living forests shelter us all. They must provide for our need for wood, but they must also proteet the biological diversity which can never be replaced. The sustainability of o ~ forests is everyone's responsibility. ~ Lee Barnes is a botanist and an avid backpacker who has hiked over a thousand miles in the Smokies, including over a hundred miles along trails which were once railroad grades (although he prefers trails through old growrhforests ). �OLD LOGGING DAYS by Frank Hodgin When I was young we lived on Canoogcchayc Creek in Macon County, NC, My daddy was gone, and my mother took care of us children. She never took a job. She just took care of the house and helped us in the fields. We all worked. There's no mistake about it. We all had a job. After school, we'd go to the corn field and work there until dark. If we got behind in the hoeing, I would stay home from school for a day or two and get caught up. That's the way it went. When I was about 14 years old, I swapped our mule for a horse, swapped that horse for a yoke of cattle, and went to work in the woods. I got a wagon, and I hauled telephone poles, "acid wood" (wood like chestnut or red oak from which tannic acid was extracted to use in tanning leather - ed.), and pulp wood. I had to haul it eiiht miles. The other kids and I would go up into the mountains, cue a load in one day, get it on the wagon, and bring it home. The next day I would drive it into town. I'd get back late in the evening and the next day we would cut another load, unless we had quit a few days to work a crop. That was how we bought our coffee, sugar, and the other linle things we needed. When I turned 15 years old, I went to work for a man who had bought a boundary of telephone poles on the government property up in the mountains above our house. l was making $1.25 for 10 hours of work a day. Lord, I thought I was making money. The owner had three yoke of cattle, and not long after I started working for him, the man who was driving cattle for him quit. He let me try driving 'cm, and those cattle and I got along real well together. I got in some tight places, but I never let one of his animals get hun, and I got his telephone poles out. He had a man doing the cutting, and that man would help me rig 'cm. I drove them out to the main road, where they were loaded onto a wagon and hauled to the station where they would put 'cm on railroad cars. I could make two trips a day, carrying five or six poles in each load. When I was 17 years old and of pretty good size, the Blackwood Lumber Company started cutting timber here. My brother and I went to work for Blackwood. We worked for them for years. I worked for the company longer than he did, off and on. I worked through to the back end of "Canady" (Little Canada - the headwaters of the north fork of the Tuckasegee River - ed.), and all over Rough Butt and Piney Mountain. We stayed in their logging camp back up in the woods. It was a big camp with 75 or80 men. Most of the time I drove a team for 'em, skidding logs. We'd get up at 5:30, feed the horses, put the harness on 'em, and at 6:00 a gong rnng for breakfast. At 7:00 the camp foremen turned us out into the woods. We worked all the time. If you didn't work, you didn't stay. We worked differently than the way they do now. There weren't any coffee breaks. We worked from 7:00until 12:00. We had until 1:00offfor 'FPCL, 1992 lunch, and then we worked until 6:00 that evening. It usually took about an hour to get back to camp. We would cat supper, and then the teamsters had to water their horses, curry 'em down, and put in plenty of hay. We Counuy of lhc Atchives of Appaltchia. ETSU didn't have time to relax or do anything after supper, we just went to bed, because at 5:30 the next morning they rang a gong to get the teamsters out of bed and back to the barn again. They always turned us loose at 4:00 on Saturday. They gave us two hours off on Saturday, and we didn't work on Sunday. It took a whole day to travel to Macon County, so we would usually stay at camp for a month or six weeks at a rime before we would go back home. Lacer on, I got married, and we moved to Caney Fork. Then I would walk home through the mountains every weekend. There were trails all through these mounuuns then. In the camp, we lived in long wooden shacks. They had double bunks on each side for the men to sleep in. The kitchen was built off one of the shacks. It was a long building with two long tables running the length of it. Most of the time the tables was just as full of men as they could be. They had good cooks, and whatever you wanted to eat, they had it on the table. For breakfast, they had ham and eggs, and biscuits. They'd have flapjacks, and they made gravy every morning. They'd make fried 'taters, and that gravy would go over 'cm, and there was applesauce on the side. They had peaches, they had jelly, and all kinds of meats on the table. It was good food, but it cost $1.00 a day. Of the $3.00 I made every day, I bad to pay $ LOO for board. That left me $2.00 in wages. Of course, if we stayed in camp on Sunday, we still had to pay for board, so when I stayed over, I made only$ 1.00 for my work on Monday. At lunchtime, if we were close enough to the camp we would go back for lunch. But up on Caney Fork, when we were away from camp, they would load the lunch on a railroad car and a "cookie" from the kitchen brought it out and set it all out in the woods - just like we were having a picnic. After everybody had eaten, he would gather up the dishes, and 1918 after they had loaded the car, he would set all his equipment on the back and ride out. Or perhaps he would walk out, because they ran those trains fast, and sometimes they would jump the track. It was dangerous driving one of those narrow-gauge trains. If one went off the track, it would tear up creation. Sometimes I drove oxen. Sometimes I drove horses. I'd drive six of them - three yokes. The biggest log I ever skidded was a 14 foot log that had 2700 board feet of lumber in it. It was bigger around lhan I was tall. There used to be some big timber in these mountains. I usually hauled a seven-log rig. I'd set the logs up in a line behind the teams. The front log had two J-grabs on it, so that if the logs started to run, you could turn your horses out of the road, the spread hooks would slip off, and the logs would go on by. Sometimes they'd leave the road, and it would be a time getting 'em back on if the ground was slick and icy. They'd get all tangled up, break loose, spread all over the mountain. That was some "rough doin'." I have seen it foul up - logs. horses, and all - and go over the bank. That didn't feel good when I saw what happened. It hun the horses. Some of 'cm got skinned up pretty badly. Some of 'em would get crippled, and they would have to kill 'em. Of course the company didn't care, they had insurance on 'em. I've been in lots of close places. A lot of times the logs would crowd me against a (continued on next page) X.Otuc:an Journot pOCJ", 7 �(continued from page 7) tree or a rock cliff. I had just one chance then. We wore cork boots (with sruds on the bottom - ed.), and I'd jump up on a log and jump off on the other side. Then when I got past the bad spot, I could cross back. It never got too rough to slow down. It didn't matter how deep the snow was or how thlck the ice was, we went out just the same. The foreman would turn us out on a rainy day just like on a good one. We could come back in if we wanted to, and he Most camps weren't as big as ours. Camps usually bunked 30-60 men. There weren't just timber cutters and teamsters. There were a lot of other jobs to do. Back then, they didn't have a bulldozer to make the roads, they made 'em with manpower. They took picks and shovels and dug 'em out The men who worked on the roads were called "road monkeys." They all had manocks and shovels. Where there was rock, they had to blow it out with dynamite. They had one crew that did the drilling and the shooting. Cowtcsy of the Arcluves ol Appal&ehia; ETSU wouldn't say anything about it; it was his job to turn us out, but if we wanted to work, that was up to us. It never got too muddy or too slick to haul the wood out. The railroad would run in any kind of weather. I skinned logs many a time when the road wasn't anything but a sheet of blue ice. It was dangerous. Back then, 1 was young, and didn't pay any attention to it, but looking back on it now, I can see those dangerous places, and it makes me tremble sometimes to think of some of the places I got into. I drove cattle and horses nearly all my life. I've been in some of the roughest places a man can put a team, but I never did get one hurt l guess 1 had enough practice at it. I followed 'em for years. I've worked some real good horses, and I've worked some that were as mean as they could be. Of course, if I got of one of those bad teams, I wouldn't stay long. I'd just move out. I'd go somewhere else, or I'd stay out a day or two and come back and get a different team. I'd haul the logs out of the forest to the narrow-gauge railroad where they would pick 'em up. The narrow-gauge train pulled about five cars, and it would bring the logs down to the top of Indian Camp Branch, where there was a big skidder. They called it the "drop out machine." It would book to one car at a time, and lower it down over a waterfall to the main line. They would unload the wood, give a signal, and the skidder would pull the empty car back and book onto another load. The wood went down the main line to East LaPone, at the bonom of Caney Fork where it joins the Tuckasegee River. Blackwood had two band mills down there. Each of them would cut 30,000 feet per day. That took a lot of logs. Xotiuih Journat p~ B Back at camp there was a saw filer who stayed at the saw-filing shack. In the evening, the cuners took their saws to the shack, and the next morning he gave them sharp saws to take out. There were cooks, and one feller caUed the "lobby hog" who would make up the beds in the morning and would get the wood in and keep the fires burning in the winter. He would get up early in the morning and build a fire to get everything warm before the men got up. They would generally run about five or six sawing crews. They would cut those big trees with that old cross-cut saw, the "misery whip." That's some rough work. Back then they just took the best timber. It had to be number one material. They would get two logs off some trees, but most of the time they would just cut one good log off and leave the rest to rot That's just the way they logged back then. They wasted more timber than they cut. They liked yellow poplar and what they called mountain oak. Of course, they would cut everything big enough to make a log white oak, black oak, basswood, maple, whatever it was. There were a few white pine trees and a linle hemlock up that way, but the yellow poplar and the mountain oaks would bring more money than any other kinds. Working in that big timber was dangerous, no mistake about it Sometimes a man would get bun, and every once in a while, a man would be killed, but not often. It was usually somebody who didn't understand how a tree was going to bust We had a few killed. Someone cutting that oak timber had to know just how to put a lead in it and how to saw it. Otherwise, it would " slab up," break off way up high, and part of that tree would head straight for the ground. If a man wasn't out of the way, it was just too bad. Three men worked on each cutting crew. One man did the "chipping" and the "measuring off." The other two didn't do anything but saw. Almost every tree leans just a little. The chipper had an axe, and he kept it sharp as a razor. He would cut a big notch in the tree right under that lean, 10 or 14 inches deep in a big tree, and then he would stand back and keep watch while the others began sawing behind the notch and cut the tree down from behind. When the tree hit the ground, the chipper measured off the logs they could get off it, and the cutters would saw them off while the chipper started chopping a lead in another tree. People were killed by falling limbs, too. Sometimes while they were cutting a tree, a dead limb would come off and would catch somewhere high in the branches. If they were lucky, they could go cut another tree, and it would come loose and fall. But they couldn't walk off and leave a tree. Eventually they had to go back and get it. The chipper would watch out for the cutters while they sawed the tree and got out. Sometimes, though, it wouldn't be five minutes before the dead limb would fall, and the cutters would have to dive out of the way. People got killed that way, not getting out from under a limb. They had a timber foreman, a road foreman, and a foreman in charge of the whole camp. The big bosses stayed down in the company offices at East LaPone, where the mill was. There's very little down there now, but East LaPorte was a mill town back then. There were more than 100 houses for the people who lived and worked there. The houses went up to the top of the ridge. They had a store down there, but they also had commissaries all up Caney Porlc for the working people. We would buy goods with scrip notes that the company issued. They would give us as much scrip as we wanted and then take it out of our checks down at the the main office. The commissaries had groceries, tools, shoes, boots, clothes - anything a person wanted. It was like a general store. They weren't more expensive than the Sylva Supply store in town. They were just about like any of the stores. Logging has changed a lot since my time. They don't do it now like we were doing it. It used to be an old cross-cut and "get 'em the hard way," but now it's all done with bulldozers, skidders, and chain saws. Chain saws started coming in during the forties. I bought my first chain saw in 1951 or 1952. Early on, some of 'em worked, and some of 'em were mighty sorry. Most of the early ones were two-man saws. They were big ones. They worked pretty well, but they were hard to carry through the woods. We used that kind until the companies put out the one-man chain saw. They were heavy when they first came out, but the loggers still thought they were bener than pulling on the cross-cut all day. They have improved on them a lot since they first staned making them. Things have gotten a little easier, anyway. Those old loggers, they sure had a time. ~ 1'aU, 1992 �WORKING THE WOODLANDS by David Wheeler Western North Carolilltl is abour 76% forest. What we do, how we manage these f oresrs - or how we mismanage them determines our destiny. We can't drill for oil; we can't catch sabrwn; we can't grow wheat. Forests are what we've got. - Charles Woodard,foresrer Looking out from over a high cliff in Katuah Province, one's vision moves across sweeps of green-mantled mountains flowing out to the horizon. Trees in such number and such variety are seen in few other places in the world. It is clear that lhe natural growth in this bioregion is forest. If left to grow, the old hills would be covered almost completely with a bewildering variety of tall trees and the wide diversity of other plant and animal species associated with them. Great and small, each species contributes to the health of lhe forest and makes it what it is. We are positioned between the warm Gulf air currents to the south, and the cold Canadian air currents to the north. The land climbs more than 5,000 feet in elevation change. In some parts of the region rainfall is 40 inches per year, while in others it is more than 90. The wide variety of influences causes a wide diversity of species. More than 140 species of trees are known here. There are, of course, all grades of sites, but on good sites many species of trees find their highest expression in the Blue Ridge. In 1901, H.B. Ayres and W.W. Ashe were sent by the federal government to inventory the Southern Appalachian forest. Of the area around the Great Smoky Mountains, they wrote: "The forests are chiefly of hardwoods, with a large amount of coniferous growth around lhe higher summits and in the deep, cool hollows. On the drier slopes, and especially on the south sides, oak and chestnut form the greater part of the timber, with some black and yellow pine on the ridges. The timber in the hollows is more varied and the stand is heavier, poplar, birch, Jinn, and buckeye being associated with the oak and chestnut. The finest and largest bodies of spruce in the southern Appalachians occur here, along the crest of the ridge and the north slope... " Just as the trees are a central feature of the ecology of the area, they have also historically been a central feature in the lives of the people who lived close to the land. And if we are to re-establish a balanced habitation of this area once again, our relationship with the trees will again be a primary fact of our ex.istence here. Seventy percent of the Southern Appalachian lands are still in forest. Some people hazard the guess that more land is in forest now than 100 years ago when each family had to clear off the acres they needed to grow all their own food. Many of the trees growing in the mountains are hardwoods. f"aU, 1992 Photo US National Archive Since the loss of the American chestnut from the forest canopy, yellow poplar is the most common species, though it does not dominate the region as the mighty chestnut once did. Sixty-four percent of the region is considered "timberland," which is technically defined as sites that would suppon timber utilization. By US Forest Service estimates, there are 16.7 billion cubic feet of "growing stock" (trees that are of a size to produce sawtimber) in the region. There is an estimated 54.6 billion board feet of sawtimber growing in the region according to the latest Forest Service surveys. With the mild climate, abundant rainfall, and dark forest soils, this bioregion is well situated to produce quality sawtimber. For the region, that is a blessing and a curse. For as long as they have been here, people have used wood from the forest trees sometimes carefully, sometimes in a manner that was wantonly destructive. The forest is only now recovering from the onslaught of industrial capital which ravaged the area in search of precious big timber at the turn of the century. The timber barons looted the region both economically and ecologically, and when their plundering was done they fled with their wealth to pillage elsewhere. The timber industry of today is making a positive economic contribution to the region, but often at the expense of environmental integrity - an expensive price. Logging and roadbuilding in the national forests penetrates into the last old growth stands left in the mountains and cuts t0 the bean of the last great habitat area left in the southeastern forest zone. Papennaking pays some of the highest wages in the region, but the Champion mi11 in the town of Canton is killing the Pigeon River with a toxic effluent that contains the deadly chemical compound dioxin. According to latest Forest Service surveys of the region, the industry is annually cutting 747,520,000 board feet (bf) of sawtimber, 1,851,000 cords of pulpwood, and wood for manufacturing 24,332,000 board feet of composite board. Wood is also cut for poles, fence postS, and a resurgent firewood trade. According to North Carolina State University's College of Forest Resources, the value of the timber cut in western North Carolina alone equals $129,231,000. This timber, according to Bureau of the Census figures for 1988, supported 51,354 employees in lumber and wood productS, furniture, and paper-making occupation's in the region. This was 7% of the employment in the whole region. High-grade hardwood sawtimber from the Southern Appalachian forests goes mostly to making furniture, lumber, facing veneers, and ornamental moundings. Some is exported overseas, largely to foreign furniture plantS. Lower-grade hardwoods go into the inside layers of plywood, flooring, pallets, railroad ties, and mine supports. Chips from small or poor quality trees are used in making oriented strand board and pulped for paper, paperboard, and coated stock. (continued on page 11) :K.cituan Journat PCMJe 9 �,,,l:1 'PhtIT ..:rmi1 1:,3wl '{d Juo lllguod ~-J,f 1''tti ~, T" ~;J•, :,~iif·... & n.- bid ru;:i 1ol1C1J11o:J lli:.m?. 11 '{t.UOJ n~•,, bna '-· ., .. ,.. .,,, ;. ,.. , with employment and earnings in the lumber fon:ed to zero. Lumber was chosen since it provides the raw material for fumilUIC and paper. Furniture and paper were not forced to zero values in the Model This is a well established Slalistical teehnique for answering "what ii" types of questions as the one posed here, but it should be in no way taken to mean that the author advocates the elimination or the lumber industry in any way. • On average, lOl3I earnings in the region would decline by over one percent if the lumber industry were losL Disposable per capita income would decline by almost as much. The most affected industry would be paper with losses in earnings and employment in lumbt:r on other industries as captured by the Model, Lotal employment in manufacturing in Western North Carolina would decline approximately two pcrcenL While these losses may not seem great, they are the stuff of strong recessions if comparable losses were to occur at the national level. br" ,f:,n,i,'\ qv Ilg, ri->ti! bl"JI ?Ir,:>.,.,,.,..,.,,, Wood Products and Western North Carolina by Dr. John Wade (about 200) over this time period. (In other words. the increase in fumilUrC (300 jobs) and lumber (400.jobs) arc more than offset by the losses in paper industry jobs.) A beuer picture of job trends in these throe wood products industries can be had by looking at the relative position of these industries to the toial picture in Western Nonh Carolina, as seen in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows the disparity in job growth in the wood producis industry (lumber, furniture and paper combined) and agricultural occupations with the rest of Wesiem North Carolina. The numbers used in the graph do not represent actual numbers of jobs. Rather. the sectors have been indexed, so they all sharc a common starting point in 1969 that is set equal to one. This is done so that change in the different sectors can be pictured on the same graph. · Total employment in Western Nonh Carolina and employment in the service industry is much greater than in agriculture and wood producis. For example, in 1988 there was a total of slightly over 400,000 jobs in the region of which 16,240 jobs (or 4%) were in the wood products industries. The values on the vertical axis show the percentage change in employment over time. Employment in the service sector has grown by almost 70 percent between 1969 and 1988. Toial employmenl has increased by about 55 percent. In comparison, wood products jobs have been quiie stagnant, evidencing no growth during this time Depanmenr of Economics and F'JNl'IU, School ofBu.rincn, Wcsran Carolina University The trend of the~ few decades towards growing environmenial awareness in the United SUIICS has engulfed Western Nonh Carolina and made some of iis lnldilional industties controversial. An excellent example is in the wood producis area whose lumbering practices have come wider increasing scrutiny from environmentalists. Here we take a two-fold look at the wood producis industries (which are comprised of the lumber, fumitwe and paper industries). F'USl, historical data for employment &om the WNC Ecooometric Model at Western Carolina University and which is fwided by Tennessee Valley Authority is presented to place these industries' role in Western North Carolina economy in perspective. Second, simulations from the Model arc used 10 answer some what if type of questions such as what impact does lumber have on the Western North Carolina economy? EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Figure ] depicts employment in the three wood products industries in Weslern North Carolina Io all three, employment is quite cyclical or sensitive to downturns in economic activity, although paper is somewhat mOR stable than its wood products couoterpans. Although paper employment is stable, it shows a Sleady decline in jobs from over 5700 in 1969 to slightly more than 4700 jobs in 1988, a loss of approximately 1000 jobs. The loss of jobs in paper is economically significant since jobs in the paper indusuy are some of the highest paying manufacturing jobs in the area In fact, none of the wood i-ooucts industries in Weste.m Nonh Carolina could be characterized as a growth iodusuy as far as number of jobs is concerned. The entire group experienced a slight loss in jobs CONCLUSJONS Wood products are a significant pan of the Wesiern North Carolina economy, although their importance is slowly diminishing as fastu growing sectors of the regional economy continue to expand. The regional economy bas already been hun by the loss of jobs in the paper industry which arc among the highest paying in manufacturing. The source of dala for lhis article is lhe Western North Carolina Economclric Model maintained by Professor Wilk al We5tem Carolina Univemty under conlJ'aet &om lhe T"'11\C$SCC Valley Aulhority. The Model cons.isl$ of over 80 equations designed lo show lhc interrelationships among seciors in Western North Carolina Ind between seciors in Wutem Nonh Carolina and lhc TVA md nalion.aJ economics. The UNWlCC of Edward Su=u is grarefully period. "WHAT IF?" CONSIDERATIONS aclcnowledgcd. The views md conclusions in !his article do not nccasarily rellect lhosc of lhe TVA. The Western North Carolina Econometric Model can also be used to answer "what ii" typeS of questions. To further ascertain the value of the wood products industries to Western North Carolina, the Model was used to simulate the regional economy WNC EMPLOYMENT For lhe pwposcs of lhis article Western Nonh Carolina is defined u the fiftu:n counties of Nonh ..,~ Carolina in lhc Tcnnasee Valley watershed. fr INDEXED WNC EMPLOYMENT FURNITURE, LUMBER & PAPER: :1969-1988 BASE YEAR 1969 1.1·~-----------------------, 1.o+-- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - -7"--i 1.5•-+--- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - --:7':~--1 1.4.l----- -- - -- - - - ---------,,....,11:-----1 1.3+-- - -- -- - -";p;'e:.i!i::::~~~=--- ----l 1.2+ - - -- -- ---1iil~~~~- =----=:::::::ra,;:----I +--- -~~~--1--~ __.,l!l:::ll!~~ ~---=-'""=-..llb.--Di 1.1 0.9·+ - ..?:::.;,j:.......::..__ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ --1 0 .81.J......-.--,---,--,--,----,---,,--,-,---r--.--..-----.---,--,.--,---r---.--.-' 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 YEARS Figure I. Xat-1'.iah Jou.mat pQCJe 10 1984 1987 1-- 1972 SERVICES 1975 1978 YEARS 1981 1984 1987 - - TOTAL EMP. ---- WOOD PRO. -e- AG~I. Figure 2. 1-"0U., 1992 �(continued mxn page 9) Nearly 50% of the furniture manufacturers in the United States and the same percentage of the hardwood plywood and veneer manufacturing operations are located within the five states that include the Katuah bioregion. Much of the furniture-making activity is concentrated on the North Carolina piedmont. That location was chosen because it was close to the mountains, which supply 65% of the industry's raw materials, but still on flat land and accessible to major trade routes. Columbia-Carolina Corporation located a plant in Marion. NC specifically to gain access to Appalachian yellow poplar for plywood manufacturing and now uses 28 million board feet wood per year. AFG Industries in Knoxville employs a large workforce making wooden containers. The Champion International plant in Haywood County is a major purchaser of pulpwood in itS area, and there is a Bowater Southern paper plant in McMinn County, TN and a Mead Company paper plant in Kingspon, TN. Federal Paperboard and a large Westvaco plant in Covington, VA utilize pulp to manufacture paperboard. Abitibi-Price Corporation makes hardboard siding at its Roaring River plant in Wilkes County, NC and Weyerhauser Company turns out more than 50,000 board feet of oriented strand board per day at its factory in Elkins, NC. Most of these companies are on the periphery of the Southern Appalachians and draw only part of their raw materials from the mountains. The smaller sawmills like the large operations for the added markets that they create for lower-grade material. Sawtimber companies, for example, do not like to cut puJpwood; but if they have to cut it, they want to be able to sell it. Charles Woodard, director of the industry group the MuJtiple Use Council, said, ''When we heard that Columbia Carolina was building a facility, everybody said, 'Hallelujah!' because they came for exactly what we were having a hard rime getting rid of - the low-grade poplar lumber." It is obvious that the pulp and chip sectors of the forest productS industry are dominated by the industrial giants. Reducing wood to biomass and processing it into productS is a question of moving huge volumes of material efficiently. This is a job best suited for large-scale, automated, energy-intensive machinery. The investment is substantial, and a high degree of regularity is required. This is the scale of economy at which the giant, centralized corporations like to keep their operations. Most of the smaller, independent companies cut and process sawrimber. This is less complicated and does not require large investments in sophisticated technologies. Sawtimbcr is still an important component of the mountain wood economy, and the wood products industry still retains much of its traditional autonomy and independence in the region. Of the 521 lumber and wood products companies listed for the Southern Appalachian region in the Department of Commerce's Counry Business Pa11erns, 66% employ less than 10 people, 92% employ less than 50. A small logging operation requires less capital than most business operations, J'tlft, 1992 and even today a small contractor can bid a timber sale and then ca1J up friends and family members to help cut it There still are part-time sawmills back in the hills that start up operation when the price of lumber is good, sell a bit, and then cease operation bought out by larger fums. "It's just like anything else. Those who do a good job, keep up with the technology, and keep track of market trends are going to do alright. "There probably some people who can Counesy Jone.sboro Museum, Washington County TN when the price goes down. The mountain forest produc1s industry seems to be generally in good health. There is stiff competition among furniture company buyers for Appalachian hardwood, and no company seems to have an undue advantage in setting prices. The timber industry in the mountains is itself quite decentralized. Most sawmills, for instance, are small to medium-sized by national standards. Many of them are family-owned. A sawmill that supports l 00 workers is viewed as a large operation in the Appalachians. For instance, among the biggest buyers of timber stumpage east of the Great Smoky Mountains are the Parton Lumber Company, T & S Hardwoods, and WNC Pallet. Parton employs 75 workers at the mill and works 80 loggers in the forest. T & S has 54 millworkers and 50 loggers working on contract WNC Pallet employs 120 people at their mill at Candler. AJthough they are independent and fiercely competitive among themselves, the Appalachian loggers and mill owners arc cJannish and as a group wield considerable economic and political power in the region. But changes arc happening within the forest products industry. Dr. Larry Jahn, associate professor in the Department of Wood and Paper Science at Nonh Carolina State University, says: "There are still many small, independently-owned mills operating in Nonh Carolina. However, th.e trend over the last 10-15 years is that operations which are inefficient or which don't adapt to new technologies either go out of business or are cut just for the local market and be successful at it, but the business has become more sophisticated. Operators have to keep tabs on what is happening, always be looking for market niches, and must keep a constant awareness that they are dealing in an inrernational market and must be producing the best product that they can. Because it's much more competitive than it was years ago. h's a tough business. It's very competitive." Loggers, too, arc feeling the same pressures. "It talces so much invesunent in this modem, mechanized equipment, the little feller can't afford to get into it. They are pressed to move a certain volume of wood, because insurance and mechanization costs are putting them in a real bind," says Frank Norris, publisher of the market bulletin Timber Mart South and a veteran forester of 50 years experience. "It's becoming more sophisticated all the time. It's surprising how many loggers...the wife runs a computer and does the bookkeeping for 'em. They don't do it off a paper sack anymore. "They have to go further for wood, and to run the highways now they have to have better trucks. So their costs have gone up quite a bit. "They're being squeezed between their costs and what they can get for their product, so they're going to have to be more efficient or more of 'em will go out. Both of those things are happening. That's the reason you see fewer of 'em in it There's quite a few less than there were 20 years ago." (continued on next page) X.cu:uah ) O\U'nCIC paCJe 11 �t I'• f":. ~ t•• • I • .... -·... l i;""!! (continued (mm page 11) Other changes are going on outside the industry that also affect its future. One of the most influential of these changes is in the growth of the population in the region and the shift in its composition. Currently, most of the growth in population is the result of in-migration from outside the bioregion. The newcomers bring with them new attitudes and different ideas - including different occupations and different approaches to land use. One of the strengths of the independent operators has been that, since the depanurc of the early timber interests in the 1930's, forest products work has been locally controlled. The people working in the industry today arc not the offspring of the timber barons, but arc much more likely to be descendants of the people who worked for them. In fact, the timber industry has become a bastion of economic support for the local people of the region. If the industry were to die, a lot of the local culture would die with it. Today, the strength in this stabiliiy may turn out to be a handicap. The regional economy is changing. As the graph on this page shows, regional employment is rising. The rise in employment in the service occupations is on the same curve, which suggests that it is this sector which is driving the upswing. But while total employment and employment in service jobs arc rising, the number of people working in the wood products jobs is holding steady. And while workers are more likely to be operating a band saw than pulling a crosscut saw in the woods, they arc likely to be members of the same families who have traditionally worked with wood. Thus, while employment in wood products jobs is staying even, their percent of influence in the changing economy of the mountain region is declining. "This change is oocwring panJy :l(otuah JournaL p<M)e 12 because of the changing mix of population ...Fewer people are working in agricultural jobs; more are employed in the government, service, and retail trade sectors. The number in manufacturing has increased slightly in the last decade, but it is a much smaller percentage of the total number holding jobs. There is now less employment in jobs dependent on forest products, such as wood, than in the past. Tourism, however, is an increasingly irnponam pan of the economy," wrote the authors of the Draft land and Resource Management Plan/or the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests in 1985. Another aspect of the change in the region's population profile is the change in land ownership. The newcomers arc buying ll_P the land. Unlike the timber and pulp • 'c3rporations on the coastal plain who own their industrial forests, the mountain sawmills cut mostly on other people's land. In the past the landowners were fanners who depended on their woodlots to provide extra cash and so were glad to have them cut as soon as they were of sawlog size. Now people arc moving in who wish to escape from the industrial madness to a forest retreat. They arc well-to-do and want trees, not stumpage payments. This is sure to tighten the supply of timber in the region. What about the future? The agreement is unanimous that over the long term the demand for hardwoods, and thus their price, will only increase. High-grade sawtimber is especially desired. In the broad outlook. conditions are quite advantageous for the forest products trade. Locally, however, forecasts are that the amount of forest products operations that the region can suppon will shrink somewhat. And the shrinkage will take place in the number of the smaller companies that do not have strong financial backing. The corporate style of operation is not suited 10 the mountains - or anywhere in the natural world, for that matter. The smaller, more flexible timber companies have the potential for working in a way that is much more appropriate. The only question is whether the people in forest products occupations arc willing to adapt to the changes that are currently taking place. Replacing local people with newcomers who embody the new corporate attitudes is no solution. Working with wood offers a cultural reference point and a way local people can keep their place on the land. But exploitative attitudes toward the land, particularly when tranSlated into exploitative ways of working in the forest, will no longer suffice. It is not sustainable to support our species' life at the expense of the life of the land. Let us hope we can learn the lessons of ecology and put them to work. We want people to develop, not tum their backs o~'# their ties to this place. fr J'Alt, 1992 �Jj' ! 'J,1 DEPLETION FOR DOLLARS: THE ECONOMICS OF CHIP MILLS . · . i _ -·. ~J . . ( . .,,.:-_ • , :t... ,_ 1· ...,,-~ ., •l-Ao:~ . , ••.,.:-.~ ,..~_:,,;_ . '-!< • • -- . .: ~ . 1r-· · --- -- _-:.r.- The chip mill issue can be framed as a question of how to utilize the Tennessee River Valley region's forest resources to the best advantage of its residents. One option is to maintain the health of the established hardwood industry by keeping out the remote chip mills. This existing option can be characterized as an environmentally acceptable and sustainable system whose market demand is based predominantly on regional economics. A second option, that of bringing in remote, high capacity chip mills, can be characterized as a mechanized, unacceptable, and regionally non-sustainable system whose marlcet demand is based essentially on global economics. Backlf'OUDd To understand the chip mill issue it is essential to understand the forest products industry structure and the resource base upon which it depends. There are basically two divisions of the industry: the solid wood segment - which requires a continuous supply of mature trees to supply lumber for manufactured goods; and the paper segment • which requires a maximum volume of wood fiber to manufacrure paper products. In order to insure a continuous supply of mature trees, the solid wood segment uses the environmentally sound practice of selective harvesting in which only the older trees are harvested from a site, and many middle-aged and young trccS are left for the next harvest in 15 to 20 years. The selective harvest method can be abused by "high grading," a practice in which only the best trees are taken and no cull cuts are made to insure that commercially valuable species will be available for the next cuL On the other hand, chip mills, in order to obtain maximum fiber volume at minimum cost for the paper industry, generally use the environmentally degrading clearcutting method, clearing all protective cover from the land. If reforestation is planned, it is done with bulldozers and herbicides to insure that f'aU, 1992 the new crop of commercial trees are "released." All chip mills are not the same. There are chip mills associated with sawmills and manufacturers which process mill and facrory "residues" so that they can be utilized as "residue chips" in the manufacture of paper. There are "whole tree chippers" which can be carried from site to site and process whole trees. And then there are high capacity chip mills, sometimes called "remote" or "satellite" chip mills, which are set up to supply a primary facility (pulp or paper mill) that is in another region or country. These "high capacity chip mills" are the chip mills that have applied to the Tennessee Valley Authority (IV A) for permits to locate along the Tennessee River at South Pinsburg, TN. Any further mention of chip mills will refer to these remote, high capacity mills. High capacity chip mills cost approximately $3 million to $5 million, excluding site preparation. They have a mechanical life expectaney of three to ten years, depending on how heavily they are used They generally employ eight people or less. Advocates of chip mills usually try to claim that new jobs are created by log harvesting employmenL However, it is documented in both North Carolina and Alabama that much of the harvesting employment already exists and is occupied supplying established regional industries. Because of the high volume contracts, the lower handling costs, and the high value for the commodity on the world market, loggers and haulers often abandon existing industries and go to work for the chip mills. Harvestin& Impacts Comprehending the purpose, the nature, and the amount of tree consumption by the chip mills is essential to decision making because the region already has a very large manufacturing economy based upon the hardwood resource. The fundamental purpose of the chip mills is to supply fiber for pulp and paper mills ourside our region. TVA estimates that landowners will be paid a $1 to $4 per ton "stumpage" price by the chip mills for their timber as it stands. Following estimates by Charles McGee in the article "Low Quality Hardwood Stands," this is not enough to pay for reforestation. High grade hardwood timber is noc likely to regenerate without management costs. ff the owner is not willing to reinvest funds the resulting stand will likely be suitable only for use as pulpwood. Trees are harvested and delivered to the chip mill (for $18 per ton in my Alabama study area), and then chipped and sold for around $23 or $24 per ton. At that point the resource will be gone from our region with little value added. A ton of hardwood chips brings approximately $122, delivered to Japan. Contrast this "regional chip mill resource return" with our established, value-adding hardwood industries. The landowner is first paid a stumpage price for the timber, the logs are delivered to a mill which saws them into rough lumber; the rough lumber is made into finished lumber, marketed, and transported to a manufacturing facility where it is made into a wood product; this is then marketed and transported to a wholesaler or retailer, who markets it one more time. Value is added at each stage of the process. It should be obvious that when compared to the established hardwood industry "multiplier" for employment, the chip mill employment "multiplier" becomes a tremendous employment "reducer." It is also obvious that there is no value added in the region. Another point is that the chip mills are going to utiliz.e a much greater amount of wood than has been previously estimated. TVA stated that each mill would consume 300,000 tons of chips per year per mill. However, Steve Loveland of Georgia-Pacific Corporation in an article entitled "South Atlantic Chip Supply," said, "Any chip mill (continued on nCJ1l page) xawah Journat poc,e 13 �(continued fro;;. ·page 13) l , f t ,l 1, ,,a .. ; ' can double or ttiple irs chipping ourput by adding shifts and can be virtually run around the clock, seven days a week if necessary." This Statement shows that the figure on which TV A is basing its calculations is a minimum figure. Acrual production for one chip mill could easily be three times that much if economic conditions warranted. In other words, if TV A chose to permit only one chip mill, it alone could consume as much as TV A's predicted level for three chip mills. Another factor that skews predictions of ecological and economic impacts is that the chip mills are committed to providing a steady volume of chips regardless of local prices. There is a large capital investment involved in each of the mills, and many of them are owned by paper mills or are under binding "take-or-pay" supply contracts, meaning that they have to pay cash if they do not meet agreed-upon supply quotas. This artificially-maintained production depresses the price of residue chips produced by sawmills in the region, and is also inconsistent with wise resource and environmental management. Chip mills can also serve in a secondary economic capacity: that of liquidating the regional resource into readily available capital for transnational corporations that are sttuggling to keep their heads above water in troubled economic times. In simpler terms, the chip mills are to provide ready cash to their troubled corporate parents by trying, as rapidly as possible, to tum trees into money. This is particularly devastating to the established regional industries and the local environment. The chip mills do not care if "the regional resource"is liquidated because their mechanical life will essentially be over by the time the trees are gone. The Boise Cascade Corporation is one ~xample. Like most of the paper and pulp mdustry, before the recession hit Boise Csacade made large capital invesnnents to increase their capacity. Now the corporation is saddled with high interest payments in the face of a decreased market demand. Furthermore, due to the tremendous amounts of chip exports from the Nonhwest 10 the Japanese, they are being squeezed by chip prices in their operations in the Pacific Nonhwesr. (Condensed from The Value Line). In fact, according to the December, 1991 PaperandPu/p, Boise Cascade suffered a "$32.6 million loss in the second quarter" of 1991, and third quanereamings sank "to a $49.4 million deficit." As a solution to their predicament, Boise Cascade plans to sacrifice the region's hardwood forests, upon which many local people have depended for decades. Many foreign nations have a labor advantage over the United States on the open international market. The United States maintains its competirve position because of a superior supply of resources. It is clearly a good economic strategy for foreign companies to cur as much pulpwood as possible. If they can use much of the United States' resource, the United States will be that much more vulnerable on the open market By chipping our trees, foreign competitors are improving their long term X-citiuih JouTna£ page 14 I exporting market position. American business and government should be thinking ahead. Our competitors are. tnnuence of Market Conditions Developments in the regional and world markets helped 10 create this confrontation in the Tennessee River Valley between established regional wood producrs industries and transnational corporations. The first was a rise in the domestic demand for hardwoods. Because of a slowdown in the growth of softwood trees, overharvesring, an obvious supply of cheap hardwoods, and the development of new technology for using hardwoods in the making of pulp, the paper companies staned using a significant amount of hardwood chips in the mid-eighties. (The current mix is approximately 31% hardwoods and 69% softwood.) The overseas demand for hardwoods has also boomed. Several deepwater ports, like the Pon of Mobile in Alabama, invested heavily in chip exporting facilities during the 1980's. The federal government also invested $2 billion of the taxpayer's money 10 build the Tenn-Tom Waterway to create a direct route between the Tennessee River and the Gulf. It is ironic that the foreign corporations would be much less competitive with our regional industries if the government had oot subsidized their transportation system. Also during this time many well-meaning foresc industry people decided that they needed to "create" additional markets for our low-grade hardwoods by developing expon markets. They should have known better than to think that they could tamper with the market without creating serious repercussions in the existing hardwood economy of the region. This confluence of trends adds up to a radical market change which today could devastate the resource base upon which the sustainable, labor intensive, value-adding, regional hardwood industries of the Tennessee River Valley depend. Nature of the Chip Mil! Harvest The nature of the chip mill harvest is symptomatic of the market demand that drives it. The original intent behind the chip mills was to create a market for low-grade hardwoods. However, clearcutting for the chip mills takes all the hardwoods - poor ones, deformed ones, plus the well-formed young trees that would have grown up to make high-grade sawtimber. If extensive areas in the Tennessee Valley are clearcut, as they have been _in Alabama, it will be at least 70 to 80 years before any hardwood sawtimber matures. No one seems concerned about what will happen to the small local operators in the meantime. On a more immediate note, the low-grade sawmills and pallet makers find themselves shutting down or operating at a loss because the world chip market demand has driven low grade timber prices out of their reach. A sawmill owner in a nonhwestem Alabama county, where chip mill resource depletion has occurred and the sawmills have been shut down, said ruefully that any sawmill owner would be committing economic suicide to allow a hardwood chip - mill within theit ~ . A visit to the areas of Alabama already clearcut is probably the most convincing economic or environmental argument that can be made against the permitting of the chip mills. Competition for the Forest Resource Does our region have plenty of hardwoods to spare? AU the numbers presented by TV A say that we are growing twice as much as we are harvesting. But there is also the question of availabiliry: all the growing trees are not available for industrial consumption. How much of that volume is actually available for harvesr after figuring in operability factors such as steep slopes and year round water problems, and landowners who do not want to sell their limber? Thomas R. Reed of Champion International Corporation in his article "Industrial Perspective on Hardwood Use," said that roughly 50% of the hardwoods are available. This estimate is considered high by some observers. But TV A neglected to do any kind of availability discounting. They assumed in their calculations that all the hardwood trees in the region were available. The regional hardwood industries already depend on those growing trees. The bottom line is that although we may be growing a lot of hardwoods, we are not growing enough to supply the existing hardwood sawmills, the existing regional paper mills, which are increasing their use of low-grade hardwoods, AND the remote chip mills who are here to harvest the hardwoods of the region for the rest of the world. The domestic paper companies are large and well-financed and will probably survive the crisis, but the small milling operations, which employ roughly 85% of the Valley's forest products workers, will inevitably be sacrificed for the chip mills that will siphon off the region's wealth for huge transnational corporations. In terms of the eovironmeotal impact, or the economic impact oo tourism, the region will be trading the incredible scenery and diverse ecological community that accompanies a selectively harvested, mature hardwood forest for a pulpwood lot checkered with constant clearcuts. If one considers aesthetics as imponant, the impact ori southeastern Tennessee is going to be devastating. The scenery will be a politician's nighnnare: graphic evidence of a bad decision that gets worse, and becomes more visible to the public, with every passing year. ~ - Harley Wessman lnforma1ion for this article was provided by Robert Mitchell. coordinator of the Tennessee Valley liardwood Alliance. a coalition of small hardwood lumber manufacturers whose livelihoods are threatened by the chip mill operations that are seeking permits to operate in the Tennessee River Valley. Contact the TeMessee Valley Hardwood Alliance; clo R.C. Mitchell; 2850 McCa//ie Ave.; Cha11anooga, TN 37404. For more information on how to stop the chip mill invasion, c<>ntact T.A.G.E.R.; Box 764; Souih Pi11sburg, TN 37380. 1"aU, 1992 �LOGGING WITH HORSES by Nancy McIntyre "It's a win/win solution," says Jason Rutledge. He is talking about horse logging, a low-impact and sustainable timber harvesting method. Environmentalists call for timber harvesting to stop on public lands. The timber industry pushes ro cut marketable trees and to harvest them in the cheapest way, preferably clearcurting. Logging with draft horses offers another choice that addresses concerns of both groups. Conventional timbering requires building logging roads, often at public expense - roads that are large enough to accommodate tractor-trailer rigs and which damage the environment. Horse logging needs no road building and leaves minimal disturbance, even in steep or remote areas. Rutledge describes horse logging as a superior technology, "an evolved approach that marries science to culture." He goes on to say that "cUITCnt horse logging is a modem effort that employs specifically-bred heavy draft horses that are harnessed with nylon components and work in multiple hitches with several teams in tandem like the Budweiser Clydesdales, except that I use horses of the Suffolk Punch breed. The teams pull a steel log arch, which has high flotation pneumatic tires that provide front end suspension of long tree stems. This log extraction technique, along with directional felling, creates extremely low environmental and visual impact." Environmentally Sensitive Logging Company, started by Rutledge and based in southwestern Virginia, has harvested over 200,000 board feet of timber from national forests in Virginia. Using "real horsepower," Rutledge and his parmer John Thornton have removed trees from the Jefferson National Forest by the single tree selection method. Defined as balanced, uneven-aged management, this least-damaging, sustained-yield harvesting technique cuts a few peak trees per acre. Tree age, species, site, soil type, grade exposure, remaining growth, and wildlife habitat are among the aspects considered in tree selection. Rutledge explains that "this method of harvesting closely imitates nature's own selection process. Each tree is recognized as part of the interconnected whole. Top wood from cut trees and some trees of undesired species are left lying on the forest floor, while desired species remain standing in varying ages and become dominant in population and size." He adds that the Forest Service and agricultural colleges have many expens who can mark timber for this type of harvesting. "Modern conventional logging equipment does too much damage to the environment to go into the forest on a 10 to 20 year harvest rotation to remove a few peak trees per acre. With horses you can do this, and everyone wins something," Rutledge emphasizes. "Tunber is harvested without clearcutting, and there is never removaJ of den treeS or the total destruction of the forest canopy. Therefore, wildlife habitat is preserved while the forest is still contributing to immediate human needs of building 1-"aU, 1992 materials, furniture, paper, etc. "A healthy forest is maintained and helps to protect water and air. yet jobs in the logging business continue, and forest products still enter the manufacturing channels, though coming in smaller loads from smaller tracts and smaller operators. With horse logging, there is less ground for resistance and appeals from environmentalists and a bener opportunity to avoid below-cost timber sales. Governments in other parts of the world have already recognized the extensive knowledge and teach others," Chaffee says. Rutledge offers formal instruction and apprenticeships, but cautions, "Logging is one of the most dangerous occupations in the country." To learn chain saw use, he strongly recommends the Soran Erickson Game of Logging School, sponsored by the Stihl Company. (Inquire with local forestry deparunents for this nationwide instruction.) "Such instruction can save lives, countless Counesy of lhc Archives of Appalachia, ETSU benefits of animal-powered skidding techniques and have chosen this timber harvesting method for a portion of their timber removal." "Draft horses have other uses in the forest," Rutledge adds. "My first Suffolk, Forest Spring Red Samson, and his brother Forest Spring Bill, under the steady hands of Mr. Thornton, recently pulled materials deep into the national forest for the consauction of a rest area and overnight shelter on the Appalachian Trail." David Chaffee of Pittsboro, North Carolina, a commercial airline pilot and farmer who also breeds Suffolk Punch horses, says, "All you have to do is take four photographs. Take one of an area just logged by horses and another six months later. Compare them with photographs of an area timbered with large equipment, now and six months later. You're going to see erosion with the conventional timbering using large machinery. "In regard to jobs,"Chaffee continues, "horse logging involves more people, noc only the Joggers themselves, but also those raising draft horses and raising feed. These are internally-generated jo~s. whereas with conventional timbering, the heavy equipment is made outside of the United States and the energy is imponed. Jobs in the timber industry can be sustained by logging in a different way." Chaffee has twice stayed at Jason Rutledge's farm in Floyd County, Virginia to work with him and learn horse-logging skills for use on his own land. "Jason seems very willing to share his hours, and many bills," Rutledge says. Jason Rutledge is writing a book on Beginner's Use of Draft Horses for the Twenty-first Century. In articles recently printed in The Small Farmer's Journal and The Draft Horse Journal, he tells that he was raised by his illiterate grandfather "who was a hoss trader and, without an outline or agenda, taught the dignity of what a welJ-tended pair of work animals could do for a man who would work too." Jason adds that he is "determined to maintain the dignity of work animals and working man." Rutledge describes himself as an environmental actualist who has spent most of his life working toward the restoration of a cultural ethic or stewardship. "This ethic of planetary stewardship has to translate into everyday life and, for most folks, into the economic reaJity of making a living. Faith is the bridge between belief and action, and I'm going 10 cross that bridge/# with a horse!" fr For further infonnation: Environmentally Sensitive Logging Company Jason Rutledge and John Thornton 2050 Blue Ridge Turnpike Fincastle. VA 24090 Nancy Mclntyre lives on a beauliful ridge-top farm in Floyd County, VA. She is an energetic clean air and water activist and recently spent time educating people to the harmful effects of chemical biocides as part of the Agricultural Resources Center/ Pesticide Education Project. �ROADTHREAT AN APPEALING ISSUE·· ·· N--1 World Ne... $erYice N--1 World Ne... S.-,ice The Forest Service decision on the abolition of limber sale appcalJ bas noc been released 11 press Lime. In the inlerim, Congress has gouen involved with the appeals question. On July I, Sena10r Wyche Fowler (D.QA) introduced a bill co-sponsored by Pat Leahy, Al Gore, and Olhm that guaranu,cd the right to appeal Forest Service decisions. This bill passed in the Senate by a margin of 57-38. The strength of the Fowler bill indicaics that the,e is support for the appeals process as a chcclc against poor decision making. Laier in the summer, however, Larry Craig (R-ID} inuoduccd a v.akencd substitute for the Fowler bill The Craig measure was passed successfully early in August Under Craig's bill, the lime limit for filing appeals and for the Forest Servtce ~iuon of appeals would be shoncncd to 30 days apiece. It would force appellants to travel to the vicinity of the forest to make their case. The Craig bill would also require appellants to make comments in order to have s&anding. These appear to be minor changes, but the biU is in1e11lionally vague on many points. For example, the,e is some question as to whether or nOI the person who reviews the appeal can be the person who made the initial decision, thus creating a conflict of inrcrcst The changes proposed by the Forest Service are far-reaching and go beyond appeals. Acconting to the Sierra Club Legal Deteme Fund, the new appeals regulalions would eliminale the right to know about and comment on sates of lllllds affCCICd by insects and diseases. The lwldling of insect• and discae-relatcd sales has been subject to abuse in the past. In addition, the proposed changes would make it impossible even IO team about limber sales if one does noc sub!lcribe IO a variety of small newspapers. These and other consttaincs would make it much harder to conuibule meaningful comments or even stay informed about activities in nearby lllllional On May 21, the Virginia Transpor1alioo Board announced the prefen-cd IOULC for U.S. RL 58, a new fow--tane that would spai the southwcaem edge of Virginia between Maninsville and Cumberland Gap. The route would bisect the ML Rogers National Rccl'Cllion Area along Corners Crcett. a cascade-filled IIOUl Slmllll Pond Mountain and Hurricane Mountain. The Mount Rogers area is home to a number of rare animal species, including endangered mussels, rare salamanders, bog turtles, gray bats, and northern flying squirrels. Funher east, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VD01) would have Rt 58 cross the Blue Ridge Mountains berwcen Meadows of Dan and Stuart, Virginia, an area that Includes two waterways that are eligible for scenic river status. Highway consuucuon will destroy ll\3lly homes and farms along the way. Some cilizens con1e11d that the project will be the death knell for downtowns in small communities along the way. In order to respond to the threat to the ML Rogers area (and perhaps 10 ocher threatened areas), the Mountain Heritage Alliance has been formed. Members have begun a national letier wriling and petition drive. The group wishes 10 arrange a meeting with VOOT since VDOT has recently met with backers of a popular but desuuctive altcmalive passing through the highlands around Straight Branch, Whiietop l...aurel, and Grems Cove Creek. The group will iqe VDOT 10 IOUIC the highway along existing highways 1-77 and 1-81. They cite a Virginia Depanmenl of COllltlValion and Recreation recommendation against the highway and the findings of a Virginia Tech cconomiSl who predic1ed thal few CCUICllJlic baldiU would be derived from the road. forests. At the same time the Depanrnent of Agriculture is lobbying Congress to end judicial review of Forest Service decisions. Secretary of Agriculture Madigan told Congress. "We could manage bencr if we were free from the inletference of the caur1S [and] we urge Congress IO do that expeditiously." A few such bills have appeared before Congress but they have been unsuccessful so far. BAN CHIP MILLS Narura1 Wotld News Service Residents of the Tennessee Valley spoke overwhelmingly against pcnn1ts for chip mill facllities along the Tennessee River during two summer public hearings. SpcaJc.crs asked that TV A , stop Donghac, Channel Ch1p/P:lrker Towing, and Boise Cascade from construcung loading clocks and facilities along the upper Tenn-Tom Waterway, which TVA comrols. They told TV A th:11 the ini.cnsive clcarculting associated with chip manufacturing would result m a decline in the biodiversity and hardwood manufacturing economic base of the region. TV A omcials repon th:11 they are "swamped with tcuus· responding 10 the permit issue. The baule may have just begun, however. Boise Cascade Company announced shonly after the hearings I.hat they would open a chip mill without a pcnnit and ltUclc the chips overland to port. For more information, contaet TAGER; Box 764; South Pittsburg, 1N 37380. Xatuah )ouma£ PQIJ"- l 6 CLOSING IN ON CHEOAH NIil.ira! World News Service In a decision notice released lasl month, District Ranger Glen McConnell announced plans to log the Checab Mountains again. Over the past live years, the lofty mountain range that surrounds Checab Bald has seen more than its share or roadbuilding, road-indllccd landslides. and clearcutling. Exrensive logging bas tatm its toll on the forests around Oicoah's Shell Stand Creek, Stecoah Gap, Simp Oap, Grassy Gap, Wesc, and lower sections of Ben Creek. McConnell now plans to penetrate further into the wa&cnhcds of Bert and Franks Creeks to the southwest of Cheoab Bald. According 10 the environmental assessment for the Ben Creek Timber Sale, the Forest Service would build 1.2 miles of roads and harvest limber on more than 300 aaes. Even-aged logging is the silviculrural method of choice for most of the sale unit Activists an: concerned that the limber sale will cause further fragmenlalion of habiw in an area · thal is prime black bear babirat Over one thin! of the stands robe cul are over 100 years old. Fragmentation is also a pocential threat to the cerulean warbler and the goshawk. IWO Endangered Species Act candidates likely 10 be found ll the Bert Creek site. SIUdies have shown Iha the cerulean warbler needs at least 1600 acres of contiguous forest Other rare species at risk include the Indiana bat, East.cm wood rat, and hellbender. An additional issue of concern is the possible occurance of pyrue, a substance that produces a dangerous acid when leached out or a roadcut or log landing by rainwater. Oak decline, a phenomenon that causes a die-off o{ malllre oaks due to drought, infcsta.tJOn, and other su-esscs, is the pretext for the sale. but acuv1stS say the Stands are quite healthy. They claim that few loggers would bid on the umber if they had to share the full costs of F.S. 208 and other access roods built at LUpayer expense a few years ago. During the late 1970s, the RARE D Study recommended the Chcoah Bald area as one of the prem ier road.less areas in the Southern Appalachians. lt has since been opened to developmenL The arc3 still has tremendous beauty and tremendous wildland potential One has only to loolt out from the high ridges above Ben Creek to the Great Smokies in the distance to see what the future could hold. To procest the Ben Crnek Tunber Sale, write Glen McConnell, District Ranger; RL '· Box 16-A, Robbinsville, NC 28771. In order to become part of the national petition drive 10 save ML Rogers, write: Gary Stemp: Mountain Heritage Alliance; Rt 3, Box 589; Marion, VA 24354. TRANSREGIONAL POWER Nwral World News Service Attempts to build a high-voltage powerline through West Virginia and Virginia have hit a snag. Appalachian Power Company (APCO), a subsidiary ofthecoal-fued giant, American Electric Power (AEP), asked for a pcnnit to build a 765 kilowatt powcrline Crom southern West Virginia to a substation outside of Roonokc, Virginia, but it hns been forced to withdraw its applicauon with the We~l Virginia Public Service Commission until an acceptable environmental impact statement is p!'Cllll'Cd. Elsewhere, in a hearing before the Vi.rgini3 Utility Commission, expcn witneSSCS for Citi.zcns for the Preservation of Craig County (Virginia) said that APCO should not be given the right of eminent domain for a transmission line built solely for the purpose of ~ling off unusable excess power at a profiL The powerline would transfer power from the Midwest to the urban crescent of CllSLCm Virginia. Opponents say that the powerhne would cul across the Jefferson N31J01131 Forest between \.1ounuun Lake Wildcmcss and two wilderness areas several miles to the east They claun that the powerline will pass through hundreds of ocres of forest and farm land, lowcnng real CSlllle vallleS and conl8lllJll8lJllg springs with herbicides along the v.;3y They worry about the health effects of elecu-omagnetic fields, citing recent medical research on the subject J"aCL, 1992 �APdH &a'iler'f.~'•-tiftini envuonmenl3l siewardship reicon1. Many residenlS or the Southern Appalachians remember APCO's effort to dam the New River in Nonh Carolina. A few years ago, Appalachian Trail club members discovered dw APCO had built an unapproved access road lhrough the Appalachian Trail corridor. The club concluded that APCO was unable IO - g e their own utility corridor, so it reached an agn:anent with thc utility to manage pan or the power corridor themselves. In lhe meantime, APCO has begun a million dollar program promoting thc use or elecll'ic heal pumps. The figbl against the powertine has reached lhe national level U.S. Represeniatives Nick Rahall (WV) and Frederick Boucbcr (VA) have sponsored a bill that would pro!CCI federally-owned land along lhe New River, blocking access to one of the only f~ible rou1CS. The bill ha1 had sll'Ollg suppon in the House or Reprcsenwives. Hearings on the issue will begin SOOD in thc SenalC. Wrice Cilil.cns to Preserve Craig County; Box 291; New Casile, VA 2A I 27 and lhe National Commilltle for thc New River, Bluestone Project CommiUtJe; Box 103S; Athens, WV 24712. Also wrice your legislalorS. DECISION ON BIG IVY Nlhlnl Wodd News Savice In I.ale July, Ranger Paul Bradley ol the Toecane DiSlricl or thc Pisgah Nllional Forcsi. issued a decision oo the controversial Sugarhouse Cove Timber Sale, proposed for thc Big Ivy arca in BU1100111be County, nordleul of Asbeville.. Big Ivy is III an:a oC unusual circumneutral soils, rare planl communities, and excellent examples of old growth foreaa (see Ka,/Jalt JollnlOl 134), and lbe proposcd sale was bigbly CClllll'O¥a1ial. Bradley was leaning IOWll'd a decision 1h11 would have deVll.1Ulled a unique roadies., area conraining in:es measuring four feet in dialnder and examples of many rare plant species. ScienlislS and IIClivislS r.niliar with the sea rushed to ils defense, informing the Forest Service that die proposcd logging and road building would resull in unaccq,18blc damage. The eovironmeulal group SoudlPAW initialed a teuer writing campaip that brougb1 hundreds of lcuers and petition signaiurcs opposing the sale. Womansong, a choral group from Asbeville, 1111g for the forest outside die Forest Service otricea. garnering media coverage for Big Ivy. In response, Bradley scaled back his logging plans for the waaenhed. He eliminal.ed four of thc five areas scheduled IO be cut and reduced the timber sale volume by 80%. The remaining sale unils are in an abandoned homcSICad, an area that is already relatively degraded. Surprisingly. the Forest Service ~ the Sugarhouse Cove portion, after which the limber sale was named, as a Rcsean::h Natur81 Area. The analysis process resulted in designations of large pans or Big Ivy as either old growth habitat or as "unsuitable for umber producoon." Bradley dampened a poccntially explosive si1ua1ton. Many cnvirorunenl31istS feel lhal the Bag Ivy wau:rsbcd should be scqucsu:rod as a biological rc.o;crve. ActivistS are divided as to whclher to nppcal the timber sale or to turn !heir aucntion to other assaults on Kaluah's biodiversity. JUSI lhree weeks lalcr, Bradley allayed coocems that his districl might llOI meet its timber wgel by issuing a decision to log another scelion of lhe Toccanc. The sice is near Seven Mile Ridge along lhe Blue Ridge Partway. 1'cdl, 1992 1-26 HEARING HEATS UP Namnl World News Service Oo Joly 21, more than a hundred area citizens packed Mars HiU Elcmenwy School to give the NC Deparuneot ol Transportation (001) officials their views oo the proposed Inu:rswe 26 segment between Mars Hill, N.C. and die Tennessee border. Although opponents of the project were in thc minority, they represented about half of those speaking. One of lhe most moving prcserualions was a slide show by Bruce Oarlt showing whole moumainsides deliberalcly logged. deooded. and gouged away on the Tennessee section of the project, which has been underway for more than a year. To dace neither of the SlalC DOTs have fully considered the impaa or the projecl beyond swe borders or oulSide the immediate project area despi lC the fact that the projecl would increase tralfx:, cause displJlcemcnt, and destroy CICCS)'Slel!IS lhroughou1 the • region. Area citizens warned lhe DOT of the pol.Clltial for erosion, runoff, and wucc disposal problems associaled with large-scale "cul and fill" operations. They said lhal the project would disturb wedands and black bear migration corridors along the way. They suggested thal DOT explofe alremative uansponation sys1CRIS like freight uains and mass transiL networts before it embarks on a COSIiy projecl that the swe and federal governments, both in debt. canno( affonl. One speaker ciled a tcuu lhal the DOT sent to Monce Cunningham ol thc WNC Alliance. The 1cucr said lhal U.S. 23 is 1101 dangerous enough to justify mating expendilurea for Ind sand trapS and other safety improvements that Cunningham suggested.. In spice or this the DOT proposes spending nearly a q11111er of a billion dollars on a four-laae projec1 tbll will have no al«y benefilS until it is completed n1111y years bc:nce. The,e and other glaring inconsislmcies ha"VC 1od many citizens to believe that the DOT is • agency that plays by no rules except ilS own. WORKING FOR ALARKA Nanni World News Service Efforts are Slill underway to pr0ICCI the Big Laurel ttact in Swain County, a piece of land also known as AJaita Laurel. The Trust for Public Lands, a foundalion dial buys land and uansfers ii to government agencies. is hoping that ii can facilitate the purchase or the trac1. Officials II the 1JUS1 say !hey want people from Nonh Carolina to decide how bes1 to use the Big Laurel lJ1ICI. The llUSI has negotiated an option to buy the land. Local rcsidenlS have used the Alarka Crcelc watcnhed for horseback riding, camping, picnicking, SCOUl outings. and hunting for generations. According to resident Carl Queen, most or the people in the area "would like 1 see it kept in the pristine 0 Sl3ce that II is in.• The 2,080 acre traet contains a spruce bog. a wetland along Alarka Crnck, and a hctbacoous bog. The red spruce forest in Big Laurel is arguably lhc soulhcmmost on lhe continenL It is unusual because 11 has no1 shown any decline, as m Olher locales. and ii appears to be expanding in10 an area lhal was previously logged. Bag Laurel is also known for populations of brook uou1, pigmy salamander, and other rare ~ies. The Natural Hen1age Program has yet 10 do a survey of lhe area. According to Dr. William McL.amey, lhe area is I crucial mign11ory corridor. It is ~ible to descend from Big L.aurel at 4,600 feet to the LiUle Tennessee Gorge, then proceed to Wesser Bald on the olhcr side, and remain under foresled cover throughout lhejoumey. Shape Notes This little curl of smoke shows where some wood was. From thick tree trunk right down to tiny twig all gave up this cycle's shape to keep those beings in the cabin warm. Now this gray smoke stains the blue sky. It floats up up. Maybe someday in a different cycle those beings in the cabin will do some singing, some shape changing for the wood. Julia Vansclow Mutat Aliquid Ergo Sum (For Dylan-September, 1989) More often, now, the fog at dawn seeps deep into the hollow; creeps up the rodcy Eastern slope with a silent hint of Fall. It settles over everything, so near and distant hills are out of focus, dreamy, and hushed. 1ne first few leaves are spinning down; the Walnut's dropped its fruit. I hardly remember Spring at all when Summer's so dose to Fall, but Winter's hazy memory sits chill on the still night air that drips and drops a sparkling sheen in the haloed morning sun. 1ne last of Summer's fullness fills cicadas, crickets, tree frogs, until late morning melts the shade, dissolves the rainbow dew The Goldfinch canary yellow is dimmed. The last of the Hummingbirds are migrants navigating South. It's a lime we know there are no words that thought can fonn in mouth to really sing the song that sings the music of change, the IIWQTtneSS of things Frank Vogel Drawing by Michael Thompson x.atilah Jownat JJQ9"- 17 �Natural World News THE FOREST PLAN IS OUT! SPECIAL REPORT The US Forest Service bas just released its proposed Draft Suppleme111 (() the Final Environmental Impact Statement (DS-FEIS) for the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Land and Resource Management Plan. When the original plan was released in 1987 there were four appeals of its provisions, and the Chief of the US Forest Service remanded the plan back to the region for changes, specifically those concerning questions about old-growth forest areas, clearcutting vs. uneven-aged managemen1., protection of unroaded areas, below-cost timber sales, and protection of biodiversity. The proposed amendment is controversiaJ, arousing opposition from both environmentalists and the wood products industry. Public comment will be received through December 16, after which a new plan will be developed. The draft supplement describes the amendments to the Forest Management Plan and how the various alternatives were developed, giving more details concerning the affected environment and environmental consequences. The lengthy document is the result of much work, but it falls short of addressing public concerns about the mismanagement of the public forests. In the short "Highlights" of the Plan, rhe Forest Service statements appear to offer positive solutions to environmental concerns, but further investigation of the "fine print" does not support this initial impression. Much of the discussion focuses on the allowable sale quantity (ASQ) of timber to be cut each year. The ASQ has always been a ceiling for timber cutting, with the actual timber targets falling well below that level. For instance, the present ASQ is 75 million board feet per year, but the agency actua!Jy cut onJy 55 million board feet in the past year. In the draft, the annual ASQ in the Forest Service's alternative is reduced by an impressive margin, from 75 million board feet to 45 million board feet However, subsequent statements by Forest Supervisor Bjorn Dahl assure industry representatives that the amount of timber actually cut wouJd not fall very much, because "45 million board feet is not that much below 55 million board feet," intimating that the ASQ is no longer going to be the ceiling, but the target for each year's annual cut (CHAGRIN IS IN) trees are left standing on the site only to be removed in a second cut 15-20 years later. The Western North Carolina Alliance, a citizens' group which has vigorously opposed clearcutting in the national forests, is bitterly disappointed by this move. Members point out that they have consistently campaigned for uneven-aged management of the forests for years. Shelterwood cuts, like clearcuts, are a form of even-aged management. which yields a stock of trees that are all of the same age. To Alliance members, the agency's change is simply a change in rhetoric. "Shelterwood is simply a rwo-stage clearcut,'' observes one member. Only a very small pan (about 12%) of the total acreage 10 be cut would be logged by single tree or group selection to produce true uneven-aged management. To lessen the problem of below-cost timber sales that has plagued the agency in past years, the Forest Service promises timber interests that they will offer more lucrative sales containing large sawtimber trees and fewer sales containing pulpwood (undesirable trees that bring a low price). These custom-tailored sales still would not turn a profit for the government; at best the Forest Service could promise only that they might break even. Figures elsewhere in the draft show that the Forest Service plans to increase the profitability of their sales by increasing environmental costs. Despite earlier assurances, only 3.3% of the national forest lands would receive additional protection from road construction and logging. Some 44,000 acres of unprotected roadless areas (called "semi-primitive, nonmotorized areas") and nearJy 45,000 acres of land inventoried as possible old-growth would be opened to logging under the preferred alternative. Instead of treating below-cost sales as a signal to improve forest management by saving old-growth and potential old-growth habitats, the Forest Service is using below-cost sales as an excuse to sell those areas off! The Wilderness Society also noted that the Forest Service showed that their interest is not in stopping below-cost timber sales by putting into the timber base over 100,000 acres of land which would not tum a profit, according to agency analyses. Much effort was made to identify and inventory old-growth stands, but the criteria for determining old-growth presence were vastly oversimplified. In the draft supplement, the mere presence of trees older than 100 years indicated old growth. And the old-growth inventory was an empty gesture; while 133,456 acres were identified as old growth, only 5% of the total forest acreage wouJd be reserved for "future old growth values." Wood products industry representatives are expressing great concern about job losses, lower profits, and potential changes in logging techniques. However, the draft supplement estimates that the preferred alternative would offer only 100 less "jobs'' (actually hourly equivalents) than the number offered in the original plan. The new draft supplement shows that the Forest Service has indeed changed and become more skillful and sopb.isticated in its management techniques - it has changed its techniques of managing numbers and manipulating language to more skillfully cover the fact that out in the forest, it's business a.s usual! • by Lee Barnes and David Wheeler Copies of the Draft Supplement to the Final Environmental Impact Suuement of the Nanlahala-Pisgah Land and Resource Managt!mellt Plan can ~ st1e11 al most public libraries ill westt1r11 Nor1h CarolillO or may~ reqllt!sted by phoning (704) 257-4200. Send comments ~fore December 16. 1992 to Nantalrala!Pisgah Planning Team; Na1io110I Forests ill North Carolina; Box 2750; Asheville, NC 2 ~ .....-::::::==:::::-.___ The draft supplement proudly announces a significant reduction in the acres of national forest to be clearcut annually: from the 4,500 acres called for in the original plan to 1,500 acres, one-third of the original amount Substituted for clearcutting was the shelterwood method, which in the preferred alternative would be practiced on 2,320 acres of the forest. Under this method, part of the Xatuah Joumat p09e 18 Drawing by Timbcrly Ashe :fa{!, 19112 �INVASION OF THE CORPORATE GIANTS by Buzz Williams Like many others who have chosen to make my home in the province of Katuah, I am keenly appreciative of the incredible beauty and diversity of the native Appalachian hardwood forest. But after living here for some time, one soon becomes aware that these forests, which are the cornerstone of our ecosystem, have been severely impacted by the human presence. For me, the fulfillment of finding my "sense of place" has been tempered with a kind of sadness when I think of what we have lost. But to lament over the past is certainly not productive; nor is the popular notion that further degradation of our environment is necessary for the well-being of our species. On the contrary, recent scientific studies tell us that the maintenance of healthy ecosystems is more than simply leaving a bener place for future generations - it is the key to our future survival. We are learning that a healthy economy is dependent upon a self-sustaining environment. Aldo Leopold stated it this way: "...a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. It tends 10 ignore, and thus evenrually to eliminate, many elements in the land commurury that lack commercial value, but that are (as far as we know) essential to its healthy functioning." Leopold's extension of our concept of ethics to include the protection of all plants and animals, what be called the "third element," must now be embraced if we arc to prevent the further degradation of our forests. After devastating the Southern Appalachian forests, the big timber companies moved to the Pacific Northwest. They acquired huge tracts of territory, and the timber supply from that area was instrumental in meeting the increased lumber demands during World War II and the decades of prosperity immediately following. During those years, the US Forest Service became increasingly timber oriented. From 1950 to 1968 timber harvest volumes from our national forests increased from 5.6 to 12.8 billion board feet. Several theories have developed as to why the Forest Service has so willingly become an ally of the timber industry, but the most plausible seems to center on a process called "logrolling." The timber industry financed and helped to seat CongressionaJ legislators who won positions on strategic subcommittees which govern Forest Service activities. including budget appropriations. These lawmakers have been in office for long periods of time and have built up strong concentrations of power in the halls of Congress. Their close connections to the timber industry are not hidden. Sen. James McClure (R-ID) went straight to a seat on the board of the Boise Cascade Company upon his retirement from the Senate. The press statements of Sen. Mark Hatfield (D-OR) read almost exactly like industry statements from the corporations in his state. This year Senate Majority Leader Tom Foley (D-WA) effectively stopped consideration ofH.R. 1-"all, 1992 1969, a bill which would have outlawed clearcutting in the national forests. Power such as this has brought the l!S Forest Service into line with the policies of the timber industry. Pacific Nonhwest. Io addition, the Appalachian hardwood forests were recovering from previous over-cutting. With recently-developed technology that allowed the use of hardwood fiber for making paper products, the Southeast was once again ripe for pluckin~. Cheap land and non-union labor costs m an area closer to their markets were further inc.entives to the timber giants to move south. As early as the 1950's, Georgia Pacific Company was already buying up land in the South. In 1982 it moved its headquarters from Portland, Oregon to Atlanta, Georgia. Others followed. The Forest Trust recently reponed that since 1978, seven of the largest timber comparues in the Pacific Northwest had increased their mill capacity in the South by 121%. They are coming from other directions as well. Bowater Corporation, the largest newsprint producer in the country, announced in Marcb,1992 that it would move its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to Greenville, South Carolina. In Chattanooga, Tennessee, local conservation groups arc currently fighting applications for barge permits by three chip mill companies which would produce over 1.7 million tons of green chips per year. One of the companies, Donghae, is based in Korea, and all the companies plan to expon their chips directly to the Far East (see page 13). The addition of these powerful competitors for timber in the Southeast is In 1990 the fate of the threatened spotted owl became the focal point of the battle to save the remaining 10% of the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest The timber industry screamed that protection of the owl would cost thousands of jobs, but investigative studies found that they were using the spotted owl issue as a smokescreen to cover their own activities. One study found that, even before the owl was listed, 26,000 timber-related jobs had been lost to automation in Washington and Oregon, and, further, that between 1980 and 1989 the practic.e of log exporting had cost 19,200 timber workers their jobs. Closer scrutiny of the timber industries revealed that they were making huge profits at the expense of their employees and the loggers who supplied the mills. Their long-term strategy was obvious: they had overcut their private lands, just as they had done in the Southern Appalachians, and were now liquidating their timber "assets" to produce the capital to relocate to the Southeast, which had begun to recover from earlier exploitation and was out-producing the Pacific Northwest. Acre per acre, the southeastern coastal plains were producing about 1.7 times as many board feet in a 65 year period as the Dnwing by Michael ThompsQn (continued on p,tgc 26)' Xatuah Joumat page 19 �FROM INDUSTRY TO ENDEAVOR .:Forestry is the one area where the inappropriateness ofboth large-scale technology and the slum tenn prof11 motive is most apparent. For this reason, it may be an ideal place to begin to tlUn the tide." - Robert Brothers Timber extraction as it is presently accomplished is a primary cause of ecological degradation in the Karua.h bioregional province. Given that a land-based economy in the forested mountains will depend heavily on the use of wood products, how much wood can we use and how can we use it in a beuerway? Changing the way we think about the land and our conceptions of our role in the bioregion would change our relationship to the land and the way we use the products of the land. New definitions and new values would lead to new institutions and new ways of working. The first and most basic recognition is that we are pan of the natural oommunity and that the needs of the natural community must come first Aldo Leopold, a forester who truly cared for the natural world. stated it thus: "We abuse the land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect." In the Katuah Province, this means first and foremost that the public lands are held as a bioregional reserve, inviolate from logging or other intensive commercial use. It must be understood that all the forestry proposals that follow are for the lands surrounding and buffering the bioregional reserve, and that the reserve proper is to be left as habitat for the native plants and animals, wild and free forever. In its proper place, a buffer zone which includes large areas of sensitively managed timberlands would be a positive ecological benefit, extending the forest cover and protecting the core habitat area from disturbance. Even outside the core reserve area we must constantly remember that "the land is a community to which we belong," and that forests are complex and heterogeneous life communities. In the upland hardwood forests in particular, industrial forestry is not an appropriate practice. We must change the model of forestry 10 one that follows a biological panern rather than a panern of mechanical_production. Forestry is not farming. It is, as the local wisdom puts it, "living off the increase" of the natural forest community. Recognizing this, !t is clear that sustainable forestry does not Sllllply refer to the number of growing trees, but concerns the integrity of lhe forest community as a whole. Continued sustainability of the forest requires that biomass be returned to the soil to maintain soil fertility and site quality. The Institute for Sustainable Forestry in Redway, CA bas defined sustainable forestry as "forestry that can safely be practiced while X.ntuQft. Jou.mat p1i9e 20 by David Wheeler ensuring that the forest's needs are met before any biomass is removed in the form of harvested trees." Silviculture would then mean, as it is supposed to, the art of caring for aforest; not "growing trees" as it is currently defined. A Southem Appalachian Sustainable Forestry Association, designed on the California model, could promote this awareness. Like its western counterpart, it could draw on a wide variety of experience to devise standards for ecologically produced lumber and other forest products. Trained and accredited logging ooottactors and foresters could be given eoological cenification for timbering practices that are both ecologically and eoonomically sound. The group would also do public education, research and development of sustainable forestry practices, restoration forestry, and research on marketing, value-adding processing, and wood product ideas. At present, the greatest hindrance to a sensitive forestry in the Karuah Province is the notion that the land is a oommodity for speculation. Rising land prices and increasing fragmentation of landholdings are discouraging private landowners from becoming involved in forestry. If the land market will not support forestry, the only solution is to remove large areas of land from the market. Non-profit farmland and forest mists allow habitation and use for land-based activities, but free the land from oppressive tax burdens and protect it from the threat of development This arrangement would offer a strong economic incentive to those who wanted land for use and enjoyment rather than for speculation. ~nother neces~ conceptual change is to revise our ooncepnon of a demand-driven market to one that is based on the ability of the forest to provide. Measures to moderate the use of wood products (not including the substitution of plastics or other synthetics for natural materials) could help to lessen the demand. Companies could also utilize the wood that is available more efficiently and more C(:Onomically by ensuring the highest value uses and creating new ways to use pieces that might otherwise be wasted. At the other end of the process, consumers could help to lower demand through the re-use and recycling of wood. "Adding value" is another key concept that could change the face of the timber business. Supplying the furniture industry seems appropriate for the bulk of the timber cut in the mountains, but the growing export market threatens to draw timber- away from the region. It would be of the greatest benefit to the regional economy to emphasize wood products rather than wood as a raw material for a faceless global market Specialty products - hand-crafted wood furniture, wood carvings, boat lumber, musical insttuments, wooden toys and gifts, etc. - offer opportunities for creative entrepreneurs and support small shops that employ only a ~w people each. individually, they seem to be inoonsequential, but studies in the Pacific Northwest are showing that the cumulative economic impact of specialty shops is substantial. Another key word that oould SJ)C1ll great changes in the region's timber trade is "cooperation." Small loggers could oombine to sell their products. They oould thus reach bener markets and sell their wood for highest value. By pooling their capital, they could be more competitive and stay better informed about market conditions. They could also cushion expensive bonding guarantees and equipment repairs. By lightening the money pressure, they could afford to do a bener job in the forest. If the cooperative owned a sawmill, they oould eliminate cheating at the scales, could pocket the increased value of their product, and could provide work hours during periods when they could not go into the woods. Such ventures would be prime targets for community eooaomic development efforts. Another approach would be to organize landowners into cooperative groups, as forest management is organiz.ed in Switzerland. Lislott Harbens, a forester of Swiss extraction, said, "I know of two or three cases where larger landowners are considering pooling their resources and employing somebody to do their work for them" The changes listed above foreshadow a wood products market that is oomprised of smaller businesses that are more decentralized and more individualiz.ed. In light of present Ta(t, 1992 �~ • L by Robert T. Perscher ~ ~ I' • • .._ r.. ,1 f I ~~ • ..._ Pioneering a New Human/Nahµ'e- Relationship ~- - ~ (Thefolwwing is uzlunjrom a report commissioned in 19')() by the New England Section of1he &>ciety ofAmerican Foresters as part of ti~ process ofdrafting anew tnis.sion stare~ntfor the group.) The ex.isling forestry doctrine focused on wood production no longer serves our profession, society, or the Earth. The profession, therefore, needs to develop a new doctrine/philosophy embracing a land ethic and philosophy of ecosystem managemen1. This approach necessitates a reassessment of the adequacy of our ex.isting scienllfic foundations. Our mission must be expanded to the widest possible cooteitt: the preservation of life on Earrh. As foresters we are charged with this mission because we have accepted the role as stewards of what is perhaps the most critical 30% of the Earth's (land) surface. Our srewardshlp responsibility includes some of the most exuberant eitpressions of nature: the trends, this seems to be the direction in which the industry needs to move in the Southern Appalachians to be mon: sustainable over the long term and more regionally responsive. These changes would be only part of a necessary ongoing social and economic shift in the n:gion. Any economy, particularly in a forested area, that is growing faster than the trees can grow is moving too fast. An economy that kills its biological suppon system with toxic chemical pollutants needs to find new methods of production. Any area in which the local species cannot find secluded habitat is overpopulated and overdeveloped. These ills are obvious when our society is compared to the forest, the self-supporting, biological model for growth in our region. A sustainable forest products trade will not be attained immediately. The transition stage is critical. We can take immediate steps toward a more sustainable forestry: 1) Invest in the growth of high-grade hardwoods. This move appears risky in terms of the present economic climate. But the present economic climate is notoriously short-sighted, and long-term trends appear to justify this investment Landowners, however, do need to be educated about the value of improving timber sites and stands, as welJ as more careful logging in order to attain a sustained yield. 2) Provide tax relief for timberlands. Land that is currently being used for agriculture or forestry should be assessed at lower rates than development propenies. "Highest use assessment," in which land is assessed according to the most expensive use to which it could be put (usually subdivisions), virtually assures that the land will be put to that use. At present rates of interest., the only method that pays in the short term is to climax ecosystems of a green and .flowering world. They tend to suppor!_greater stocks of bi?mass and harbor a grea~er number of species than any other ~logic!'1 zone. ~orests play a ~Jor role ir· planetary recycbng of Carix?n, mtrogen anc.l o~g~n. They help detenrune temperature and nuofall. They constitute the major gene reservoirs of our planet, and they are-the main sites of emergence of new species. Life on_ Earth as we know it, human or non-human, IS dependent on our forests. And we, who call ourselves foresters_. are the . protectors of the ecosystems which make this incredi~le l~gacy of ?iversit)'. (>?SSibte. Ir [that protccnon] 1s our ulumate llllSs1on and, as such, must define and embrace all that we do as professionals. To fulfill this expanded mission we must rise to the challenge of recreating our relationship with the forest. We must now establish, as nearly as possible, a direct contact with our place within nature and begin to make our forest management decisions from that place. To accept this quickly clearcut all the young trees in a stand before they have had a chance to make their full growth. In the long run, careful and ecological logging that produces a sustained yield will pay off, but the initial returns are lower as the landowner improves the site and conditions the growing stock. Long-term, low-interest government loans or a capital gains tax differential for income on timber produced by ecological methods would help to make those methods competitive with industrial forestry practices and would make timber investments more competitive with other long-term investments for private owners. 3) States need to train and certify loggers. Two states in the bioregion are taking hesitant first steps in this direction. ~~ - ,.. challenge means that each of us must refuse t.o iux:ept.the least common dcno,;ninaror the loweit level of awareness of the forest that all membc;rs of our society can agree to, for this stifles change and persona) expansion. We must be willing to move beyond th.e comfortable and generally accepted doctrine the profession still clings to and forge a new _relationship that will permeate all levels of the profession. -. To accomplish this change wemust draw on the elemental energy within each of us _th~t originally drew us to this profession. Wuhin the SOlll"Ce of this energy some of us will find a fierce compassion and a true affection for the entire forest ecosystem. These are the fundamental fotees that will now drive our profession. The old doctrines of profit, fiber production, and primary loyalty ro employers will not disappear, but will be subsumed and integrated in their rightful place within the far more expansive vision of preserving life... • Excerptedfrom the April, 1991 issue of1"4 Journal of Foresuy. th4 publicauan of the Society of American Foresters. ~ Tennessee is one of several states that has received funding through the federal eittension service to start pilot logger education programs. Two one-week instruction courses run by the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service in cooperation with other groups and government agencies will provide training in ecological principles, best management practices, forest management, and safety practices. The North Carolina Forestry Association is also considering co-sp0nsoring training workshops for loggmg contractors with the state Division of Forest Resolll"CCs. Attendees would receive certificates of training and their names would be made available to landowners inquiring about responsible loggers. 4) Forest workers must defend the forests. Said Dr. George Weaver, head of the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee, "The forest products industry, like anyone else who has a stake in a resource, has to be responsible for maintaining and perpetuating that resource." Although he was speaking in a different context, his words ring true. Foresters should be some of our strongest environmentalists. Trees are pan of the forest community (or ecosystem); it is only logical that to protect the trees, one protects the forest that produces them. In the mountains, foresters and loggers should be vigorously "protecting the resource," in particular from the dangers of atmospheric deposition and the pressures of continuing land development. Forest scientists in the piedmont areas are already concerned that atm0spheric pollution might be affecting the growth·of softwoods there, and several studies have tested that connection. Other studies have (continued on page 22) :Fa£!, 1992 :Katuah )ournat p09e 21 �{continued from page 21) documented a connection between atmospheric pollution and spruce decline in the high-elevation coniferous forests. A clear cause-and-effect connection has not been conclusively proven between atmospheric deposition and Fraser fir die-offs, oak decline, dogwood blight, butternut blight, and hemlock decline. However, there is a common suspicion that pollution is implicated in the widespread and severe forest die-back. Other ecological macro-events, such as the gypsy moth invasion, global climate change, and the orone hole, are going to affect the condition of the forest, and foresters need to feel responsibility for these issues as well. . Aldo Leop<>ld spoke of our relationship with th 7forest m terms of "love and respect." Todar It would seem incongruous for a prominent ~orester to use such tenninology. What pracncal value could notions like "love" and "respect" have in forestry? Upon reflection, however, it can be seen that these are of the utmost value. They are, in fact, the very f~undation of a forestry that is truly sansfying and truly sustainable. The First People had been living in these mountains for 2,000 years of unbroken OC<:upation when they were discovered by the w~te settlers. Eve_n though it had supponed the1r culture for millennia, the forest still stood with a grandeur that awed the whites who centuries ago had sacrificed the ' European forests as "resources." There were - intentionally - less of the native people inhabiting the mountains, but that was not the sole reason for their longevity as a people. Their culture was based on love and respect for their bioregion and the other "nations" or species that shared the land with them. They directly addressed the spirits of the other beings tllTough song. Before hunting they addressed their prey in song, and after making a kill, they performed a brief ritual and offered a song of thanks. Recently the environmental group SouthPAW caused great amusement in the timber industry because they suggested in a Forest Service timber sale appeal that singing to the trees be used as a forest management technique. The group protested that the puiyose of their proposal was, of course, sanncal. They wanted to show that, whatever loggers thought of singing to the trees, it was preferable 10 the destructiveness of clearcutting. However, the South PAW proposal, so gleefully ridiculed in timber trade publications, hits directly home. Unless we have that sense of love and respect for the forest and the trees, well communicated by singing to them as the hunters of old sang to their prey, we wiJI not be able to develop a truly sustainable way of using wood in the Southern Appalachians. The day yet may come when loggers stand before a tree and, either silently or aloud, offer thanks for its life. We will know then that we are in balance with the forest and that we are well on the way toward a long-lived human culture here in the southern mountains. ~ Rick Parrish of the Southern Environmental Law Center is investigating the possibilities for initiating a Southeastern Institute for Sustainable Forestry. All those interested in supporting this effort may contact him at 201 W. Main St. (Suite 14); Charlottesville, VA 22901 (804) 977-4090. Forest Stewardship Programs # Two new programs offi:J help 10 landowners who wish lO mana11c their Corests wisely. The Forest S1ewardship Program helps landowners to devel~ s1ewardS.hip management plans for their folCSiS. The Siewardship Incentive Program offors financial help 10 enable Jandowntrs to carry out stewardship plans. Bolh programs wc,e created by the federal Fann Bill of 1990. and are supervised by SJ.ate forcsuy ai:encics, so they vary slightly from state to siate. Federal and sta1e forestry assisl311ce 10 pi:iva1e landowners is not new. What is new abont the Foresl Stewanlship/lncentive programs is the increased emphasis on non-timber val~. the degree 10 which these programs seek IO enable private landowners to ~cvc:lop and implement c0111prehensive plans to conservu wide range of land values, and the dcgteC of commitmel)L requ~ o! landowner.: participating in I.he programs. The new programs ~led in past from the growing controversies over public Jan4 managemt111 in the US. The public lands cannot meet all of our needs for wnber, wildlife (including non-game and endangered spocics) habitat, ~igh quality water nows, recreation. and beauty. Much or~ mosl potcnliaUy productive forestJs he.Id by priv.io landowners. This land could be bcuec managed. ~stewarclsbip -progrnms arc predicated on the bcijef lhat ll\ally privalC landoW!MJ.S will take good ¥ ol their f01C$1S it'they are given educatiollll, ,echnlcal, a,'ld financial help,~ some.recognition. .Landowners owning forested l!ICtS of Oan 10 to 1,000 a~ m a y ~ in ~stcwar~ programs;tQ ~ allllldo"1'tf mukt.naati: some senous comm~: • eqdgrsing tJfc ).)'Sign the •sie~ip aieecr s t ~ i p ~ti;! pledge tO Collow lbeir .slO'l¥8[~ip plan. ~L Z) Commit co improving at lc:&9l dne ol rou I"' ,d vp categ()qi:s ( wildlife_. soi.1/wAJet: timli<:r, '.& a,e f ~ ) and ~ n Ql'Pf1'{cct (l«ber values, ~) ~ i t ;t~d land w)Lfiin the tract~ Sl~ship.1118118~t. ' 41 Actively patficipate in sLe'IYirdsblp jlr.n develQl)llleru. 5) Abide by S1ale and (edc,:al JaW$ affcttin1 for~ activities. , In exe1iangc, for IIJ¢ sicw~blp comrnitmellt, Jhe atate will~ ~wnci, il'I clcveloping a st~dship plan lbat reflCClS thcu- desires fur thcit land. The plan would bedc-vel()pCd either by g(lvemment l1)SOIJroC' mQMgers or by private consuhanis, tunded through the: Stewardsllip l1*:nlive Program. °Tht" foreSUtef,'lltdship program.,; lll'O in &licit in(ancy, and it is diJTieulr tojudge wha{ the loilg-torm lmpaet,w1II be. &tate foresters in TCMe$SCC, North Carolina, South Carol:i'na, and G ~ reportlhat 110 10 l!ID sm-warw:liip plans ha~ been ~l&ed in each of lhesc sillies, and more are bcing-prcparc(1. -Je~JontS For /'/l(Jre informacio11 on 1/te;Fote,-1 Stewardship Pro_grams1n your arta. contacr-yowr stare Jor.estry dBenq, f"n(t, 1992 �,-- -.~ ·----·· ECOLOGICAL FORESTRY FOR RENEWABLE FOREST VALUES by Leon S. Minckler First, what is forest management? Traditionally, it has meant an array of practices designed to produce the most and cheapest timber products. The Society of American Foresters describes silviculmre as the science of "growing" forests. Unfonunately, this concept is widely prevalent. However, true forest management must encompass the whole forest ecosystem, including all its biological and physical factors. Forest management also needs 10 be sensitive to the preservation of the natural rhythms of the earth and the environmental and spiritual values desired and needed by mankind. The key word for forestry should be ecology: an awareness of the interconnections of species, site, climate, soil and soil organisms, water, topography, stress factors, and biological diversity. The real "products" of the forest include commodities and non-timber environmental values. The first objective of forest management must be the sustainability of the forest ecosystem itSelf. This is known as "land ethics." It's not a new concept, but it appears to be one many in forestry profession have drifted away from. Toe land ethic means that we do not "own" the land and waters. Instead, in a very real sense they own us by making life itself possible. The adulteration of natural processes and the overuse of natural resources impinges on our basic needs and desires and gradually renders the earth unlivable. Thus, forest managers can no longer afford to separate environmental and long term economic concerns. ON THE VARIABILITY OF FORESTS Ecological forestry is composed. of the following treatmentS: weeding, thinning, improvement cutting (fSI) and final harvest or regeneration cutting. When used sensitively, these practices are compatible with land ethics and can be implemented to attain biological diversity, aesthetics, water recreation, wild.life habitat, and spiritual benefits. Most foresters make timber production the prime objective of their forest management operations. Often, these foresters are only concerned with maximizing immediate economic returns. Unfortunately, many industry and public foresters confuse short-term profits with long-term sustainable economic returns and therefore ignore environmental valoes. How much is six inches of topsoil worth? How much is two weeks of forest recreation worth? Can aspects of Jove and enjoyment in a natural landscape even be tranSlated into dollars? We have reached the point in our industrialized society where these so-called amenity valoes must be thought about by the people who manage our forests to achieve these multiple values? Well, there is no one way to manage all fo~ts. This should be f"af.t, 1992 obvious, but contemporary production forestry has taken a different path: clear-cutting or single-dimension, one-shot forestry. The relationship between a patient and a doctor is a good metaphor to illuminate the way a forester should approach the management of a forest ecosystem. We must study and evaluate the forest's vital signs - its hydrology, productivity, and climate. We must think long and hard about the forest's internal structure and how we want the forest to appear now and many years into the future. We must decide what we want the forest to provide. And, most importantly, we must carefully consider how to preserve its longevity and natural health. Forests are heterogeneous, not homogeneous. Forests are vibrant and diverse, not streamlined plantations. Forest type, climate, elevation, aspect, past history (natural and human), soil-site, age class, and ecological interconnections are just some of the variables that distinguish each forest from another. CLEARCUTTING VERSUS GROUP SELECTION "Good silviculture emulates nature, but on a different scale." The ecological truth of this statement is borne out by long experience in the woods. By the practice of managing a forest for multiple objectives. By the careful cultivation of the environmental and commodity values of the ecosystem. My experience is mainly with the management of central, southern, and Appalachian mixed hardwood forests and I will focos on them; however, these same principles apply everywhere. Western and southern conifers, and pioneer species like aspen, poplar, and mid-west northern pines, have different ecological characteristics. They each have different ecological requirements and different responses to disturbance. Therefore, our silvicultural treatments must be individually tailored. Simply put, clearcutting does not emulate nature in the mixed hardwoods. These forests are naturally uneven-aged and highly diversified. They contain a wide range of species, age and size classes. They grow in a variety of site conditions. Group selection, however, imitates natural mortality and windthrow. Oearcutting advocates argue that clearcuts replicate wildfire bum patches. This statement is questionable in the arid West and almost irrelevant in the humid East where large, high-intensity forest fires rarely occur. More problematic is the fact that the nature and species composition of completely clearcut stands cannot be accurately predicted. On some sites pioneer species may regenerate. On other sites regeneration may be dominated by coppice sprouting from the root systems of the harvested trees. Still other sites may be entirely covered by maple or tulip poplar seedlings spread by the wind from a single source tree. In the end, however, clearcutting means conversion. It means that the species composition of the regenerated stand will be greatly altered by the end of the next rotation. It means the stand's native diversity and internal structure will be simplified and streamlined. While clearcutting may seem to be the cheap way to go, its long-term costs are excessively high. In order to control composition and growth, clearcut stands most be entered several times. Investments must be made for intensive forestry, fire protection, and intermediate cuttings. Moreover, the end product of clearcutting is a homogeneous forest with few large, high-quality trees. In the East, the Forest Service, and some other land managers, seem to be moving away from large clearcuts toward smaller patch cuts where two to five acres are harvested. Some may call this "group Drawing by Pegi (continued on next page) Xatuah Journat ~ 23 �(continued from page 23) selection," but in reality patch cutting is just a variation of clearcutting. Control is by area and the sites are cut without regard to tree size, species, or stand condition. This is an entirely artificial technique with no basis in ecological concepts. Wide-spread application of patch cutting will result in very peculiar forests. THE PRACTICE OF GROUP SELECTION Group selection is based on the same general concepts as single-tree selection. However, group selection is always combined with stand improvement cuts and efforts are consciously made to make small openings for new regeneration. The key word for the practice of group selection is flexibility. In preparation for group selection management. an inventory of the stand is made and trees are classified as growing stock, financially mature, low quality, undesirable species, high risk, unmerchantable culls, and wildlife trees. The growing stock (rotation potential) trees, from saplings to immature sawtimber and special wildlife trees, are left behind to grow. The others are cut or killed. Foresters base the size and spacing of the harvest opening on the condition of the forest. not mechanical, pre-determined patches of area. In general, shade tolerance, the ability to reproduce in the limited sunlight of the understory, is greater for northern hardwoods: American beech; birch; maple; and hemlock. Appalachian and central hardwood species (oaks, hickory, yellow-poplar, ash, and cherry) exhibit an intermediate level of shade tolerance. Often they require more sunlight for successful regeneration than the northern species, but they will regenerate and grow vigorously in openings that are at least as wide as the height of the swrounding residual trees. Larger openings, one and a half to two times the size of the surrounding trees, produces better early growth. It is better to make detenninations of the opening widths based on the heights of swrounding trees, rather than arbitrary acreages, because it provides a more accurate means of measuring how much light is received and how large an opening will be required for adequate regeneration. The novel structure and ecological character of eastern mixed hardwoods makes it easy to create openings in one or two cutting cycles that favor the regeneration of native, site-adapted species. After harvest the whole forest, including the regenerated areas, is then subject to intermediate treatments, such as weeding, release, thinning and stand improvement, for example, scarification of openings on good sites by tractors can result in abundant yellow-poplar regeneration if seed sources are or have been present THE KASKASKIA EXAMPLE In my experience as a research forester on the Kaskaskia Experiment Forest, in southern Illinois' Shawnee National Forest, the worst of the forest's thirty-eight compartment's was a twenty-one acre tract of "poor farm woodland." It was a central hardwood forest with a history of two or three partial cuttings-- mostly what we now call "high grading" with no stand improvement If this stand had been clearcut in 1952 it would have yielded 3048 board feet of sawtimber per acre. However, instead of clearcutting this tract, as many contemporary production foresters no doubt would recommend, we chose to apply a series of ecological group selection and improvement cuttings. Drawing by Michael Thompson In 1952 and 1959, group selection volume cutting on the tract yielded a total of 1762 board feet per acre and killed sixty-seven cull trees (five inches in diameter breast height and larger) per acre. By I967, the forest- now a diverse mix of oaks, hickory and yellow-poplar-was a fully stocked stand of good growing poles and small sawtimber. Fifteen yea.rs after the first intensive group selection and stand improvement treatments, this poor farm woodland tract contained 3167 board feet of sawtimber and fifty-nine good growing stock pole trees five to ten inches in diameter per acre. Obviously, the role of in-growth was very imponant I returned to this stand in 1988 to find a beautiful forest of mixed hardwoods. Diversity was high and quality was unusually good because the poor trees had been eliminated. The differences between a silvacultural clearcut and the intensive group selection from the original stand are easy to calculate. Clearcutting would have yielded a total of 3048 board feet per acre and would have had no market for the many five inch to ten inch diameter poles trees cut Intensive group selection, on the other hand, yielded 1762 board feet ofsawtimber per acre harvested in 1952 and 1959 and left behind by 1967 a volume of3167 board feet of sawtimber per acre. The total volume for the fifteen year group selection was 4929 board feet per acre (1881 board feet more than the cleaicut would have produced), plus many healthy saplings, and living and dead wildlife trees. After forty years, the differences between the two alternative treatments in terms of non-timber environmental values would be astonishing. The group selection cut stand will provide a tall canopied, diverse forest, while the clearcut will be covered by twenty-five to thirty foot tall saplings and poles. The group selection stand will be managed as an uneven-aged forest with volume and diameter distribution controls, while the clearcut will be managed as even-aged stand with area controls. In the long run, clearcutting mixed hardwood forest ecosystems seldom can be justified for amenity, environmental, or timber values. Let me emphasize again that different forest ecosystems should not be treated in exactly the same manner. But foresters must make a choice. They can follow ecological laws and care for the creation or they can disrupt the ecological trends of the forest ecosystem for quick profits and ease of operation. The best regional example of this type ofcareful forestry is Walton and Dee Smith's Waldee Forest in Macon County, NC (see report in Katuah Journal #9). Leon S. Minc/cler is a consultant in tnvironmental fortstry from Blaclc.sburg, Virginia. Dr. Minckler spent 33 years with the Forest Service at four eastern Forest Expuimtm Stations doing research in the silvicuiture and ecology of hardwoods. ExcerptedfromForest Watch magazine. Nov.-Dec., 1990. Forest Watch is published by Cascade Holistic Economic Consultants (CHEC): 3758 SE Milwaukie; f'ortland, OR 97202. I 1 1'"a££, 1992 �DearKatuah, I was musing the other day on the fact that billions of people refuse to see that we're all one big group, and the verse ~mposed itself which, in tum brought to Ol.l.Od the inte~ined lines which should represent our goal of coming together, of a common mind, to begin to heal Ela, Mother Earth. I'm an incurable optimist- it will happen, sooner or later, when enough caring people wakeup. Keep on the path, Jeffery R. Zachary DRUMMI NG What the Big Trees Say Come. Don't be afraid. We were once small and skittish too. Now we have lived so long, stretched our arms so high, loved intensely our own piece of land, loved it so much that we stay fiercely, intimately attached to it, never leaving. Fidelity is an important value in our community. Stay true to your lovers, the sky, the sun, the Earth. We watch over the young things, bearing our leaves, giving them time to grow before we sprout our spring. We don't let young things grow too fast - we shade them from the sun after a while. We know that growth, the best kind of growth happens slowly. We grow just the way you do our hearts expand year after year as our trunks get wider. That's the real growth, you know. Our roots mix more with the Earth while our tops stretch more toward the sun. We span and measure the distance between the sun and the Earth, between the darkness and the light. The gift we bring you is the gift of growing beyond youth, the gift of being in one place so long that your heart spreads wisdom wide, each_ year encircling more and more. We bnng maturity, a sense of deep belonging to an environment. We bring the courage to stand strong and alone as individuals, yet work together with the other plants, animals, rocks, soils and trees in our community. We can teach you how not to become stunted jn your growth, how to seek out the light places where the sun lets you grow. When you cut us down you remove that wisdom we hold for you: Maturity, Depth, Growth, a Widening Heart. Susan Klimczak Dear Katuah, Only just recently have I ~me aware of your flourishing ex_istence - picked you up on a table at the Tunle Island Bioregional Congress V near Hunt, Tens - didn't meet the folks who brought you there. Then a few days lacer I met one Billy of the Billys (of "Billy Home and Gardens, Ashevi~e") - but just briefly. Issue #34 was a hum~ger sustainable agriculture is a hot topic on my personal agenda. Articles by Bane, Hollis, Barnes, et al really cut to the core of the matter. I'm excited to imagine how much more material you have coverd with a similar depth of understanding and presentation. I want to take you up on your offer of back issues - find check enclosed. I'd like to bob with the ripples you're sending across the pond. Truly, Hal Strickland Johnson City, TX Drawing by Jeff Zachary ran:. 1992 Dear Katitalt, Is prescribed burning really best for our forests? I question this. What is the real answer? Sam Booher • Is prescribed burning best for our forests? That is still very much an open question. A careful reading of Karuah Jour_ nal #33 will reveal that it appears that the species composition of today's forest has been influenced by excessive human-caused ~s. particularly in the wake of the greatloggmg boom. For species such as Table Mountain pine, that is not such an i?'1pon~t . consideration. One of their specific ecological functions is to recolonize areas burned by fire. But how about oak trees? There is . accwnulating evidence that their presence 1s somehow linked 10, or at least encouraged by, fire. If fire were removed completely, ii might inhibit the presence of oaks considerably. Since the loss of the chestnut, oaks are a critical mast producer; many (continued on next pagcl �}ccrlllnl*I fmm pea• 1S) wildlife species, including black bears, depend heavily on acorns for their livelihood. Until the chestnut returns. we need to mainmin the oak trccS, and it might require fire to do it This is just one prominent example among many. So, while we all lOYC the feel of deep humus developed under a long-standiJ?g grove of old-growth trccS, we cannot issue a blanket condemnation of fire and its role in the forest. Naturally derived or not, the forest may have come to depend somewhat on fire. We may have to utili2.c fire 1 make a . 0 ttansition to a more narural system. It 1 also s possible that we will have to maintain it indefinitely. . What is narural? A provocanve question. There probably is no final answer. READING RESOURCES LOGGING Books raw stumps jut up through layers of autumn, ! Bwuon, Barry, and Malinda Cruu:htidd, eds.; The Great Fou st: An AppalachiDII Story (The Appalachian Consortium Press; Boone; 1985) whole~han$ in potential falling throufl' live limbs sttairung to break, board-length ttunks cut clean of appendages lie in parallel murder wounds Japing from chain teeth Clary, David; Timber and the Forest Service (Univeisity Press or KllrlsM, Lawrence, 1986) de Steigucr, J.E.; L.W. Hayden; D.L. Holley, Jr.; W.G. Luppold; W.G. Manin; D.H. Newman; and R.M. Shelfield; Southern AppalacNOII Tunbtr Sru.dy, (US Forest Service, Soulheasicm Forcs1Expcrimcn1 Station, General Technical Report SE-56) Susan Parker Weatherford -OW Eller, Ronald. D.; Miners, Mil/hands, and I THINK OF THOSE Mountai~ers: /ndu.srriallzation of the Appalachian Souih, 1880-1930 (University or Dear Karuah, Hello and Thanks! Please keep me on I think of those who have lost the luck your mailing list. I read both issues from They will never sec again, cover to cover. I am in the process of How the hours dwindle down to so much dust simplifying my life. I wan_t to.live i!' hru:mony And the evenings arc stow and labored with nature and your pubhcanon will bring Like a dying man's breathing, me much needed information along with a How the morning comes tacking promise sense of connectedness with others of like With sunshine hidden behind clouds. mind. l lhink of those who have tried to break The life-long spell of neglect; Thank you, I think of the conquered, Blessing and Light The ones who sought the prize and were lert, . MacClarlc Solitary performers, reciting thei r lines to an audience of air. .. Tennessee Press; Knoxville: 1982) Fri12, Edwo,d C.; Clearcutting . A Crime Against Nature (Eakin Press, Austtn, 1989) I Hllrris, Larry 0.: Tht Fragmented Forest: ls/Md Biogeography and the Preserwmon of Biotic Diversiry (Universi1y or Chicago Press: Chicago: 1984) Jackson. Laura E.; Mo11111au1 Treasures at Risk. The Fuiure ef the Southern Appalachian National Forests (The Wilderness Society, Washington, DC, 1989) ' Leopold, Aldo; A Sand CounJy Almanac (Od ord University Press; Cambridge: 1949) (continued &om peg• 19) causing political and economic friction . ~ nee again, as in the Pacific Northwest, the big companies are victimizing the small operations which are more dependent on the national forests and are caught in the squeeze between greater competition for timber and a growing concern for sustainable forest management As they did bef~ the large~ companies are employmg scare tactJcs by lhrearening massive job reductions and making accusations that conservation groups are advocating socialist control of privllC lands. Their aim is to use these claims to detraet from the true issue: that new scientific evidence is showing that current forest management of both public and priva1e lands is not sustainable and lb.at swiu:hing to a more natural form of management. such as selection silvicuhure, would create new jobs for smaller companies while at the same time protecting our native ccosysaems. Fonwwely, we in the Southeast have an advantage against cuporatc effons to divide our people. For ~ l e , in T ~ an alliance rl 40 hardwood timber comparues has organized to fight the chip mills. Indications are that the communities are realizing that if we are to ldcqualely proccct our forests we must accomplish tw0 things: we must embrace a new land ethic, and we must support our neighbors in the timber business who along with the environment have been the real p= ~JoumaL palJB28 victims of bad management policy. We must push f~r posi~ve incentive~ for our local industnes until they can adJust to a form of forest management more compatible with our environment I Minckler, Leon S.: WoodlaNI Ecology: Envirorrmtlll4I Forestry for the Small l.aNwwnu. (Syracuse University Press; Syracuse; 1975) Perlin, John; A Foru t Jouniq: TM Role ef Wood in In conclusion, we must listen to the words of Leopold, who once said, "~n ethical obligation on the pan of the pnvate land owner is the only visible remedy for these situations." Stated another way, the key to good forest management, w ~ it be~ ~blic or private land, will ulbmalCly be individual involvement The evidence of past abuse and the conclusions drawn from recent scientific research combine to support the case for a revision of policy based on a shift in values. We must change our priorities from a focus on short term commodity output to an emphasis on sustainable commun~ : The remedies we use to correct these policies must include choosing the wisest I ~. treating our land with respect, and abstaining from oven:onsumpcion. The choioe is a matter of ethics. Buzz Williams was formerly employed as afortst technician/or the US Forut Service but lost his job wlten lte protested excessive timber salu. He is now working as rite Southeastern Program Director efthe Association of Forest Service Employees f or Eff'llironmelllDl Ethics (AFSEEE). , tht Dtvtlopment ofCivilizalion (Nonon: 1989) Robinson, Gonion: T/te Forest a1ld tht Trtts: .4 Gllidt to Excellent Forestry (lsland Press; 1988) Schenck. Cart A.: TIie Birtli ef Forutry ilt "1Mrica · TIie Biltmore Forut School 1898-1913 (The ; Appalachian Consortium Press; Boone; 1974) Sloane, Eric; .4 Rtvtmice f or Wood (Henry Hoh & Co., l990edilion) Te,cll, Hugh and Bedlel Jr. High School Eighth GradeClals. SoNJ1110:ValleyofthtMoon: • Sut&btust (historical interviews with former woatas • the Sunburst Lumber Co., 1978) Articles Brothers. Robert; "Respectful Forestty," in In Con/Ul, Winter, 1984 ·ean Foresras Romance a Land Elbie?". theme of April, 1991 issueoClheJollTMl efForestry. L...-------------Falt, 1992 �THE CHAIR IN THE TREE There is a special advantage to working with green wood in doing joinery, the assembling of the chair. I use mortise and tenon joints. The mortise is simply a hole partway through the vertical post and the tenon is a tongue on the horizontal rung that fits into the hole. I put the rungs into a small 1ciln for a couple of days to get them bone dry befOl'C I make the tenons. To form the tenons, I have a cutter that works on my brace. The ten0n cutter is matched to my drill size to give an extremely close tolerance. It forms a tenon that is oversiud by about 1/U)() of an inch. I make the mortises while the post is still green. Green wood shrinks as it dries, so after the pieces are joined the mortises dry around the tenons and lock them into place. That makes a tighter joint than anything that can be done with kiln dried lumber. Assembling the chair can be tense, but it is satisfying. I use a rawhide mallet ro . 1moclc the pieces into place. It's a fine feeling to watch all those pans that I made laboriously one by one come together to become a whole chair. I protect the finished chair frame with a few coats of tung oil. I like the natural colors of the different woods, so I don't use any stains. The chairs darlcen slowly and evenly as they age. by Tucker Windover I live now in Madison County and I have been working wood for nearly two years. For me, interest and somc~s inspiration come from the wc:><x! 1~lf - from walking in the woods, from sphnmg firewood. or from seeing a fine table or cabineL Different woods have their own smells and textures. When you become curious about wood, and begin woodworking with a ttcc, you can never be sure exactly what you are getting into. Any piece of wood could contain hidden knots, a twisted grain, or a beautiful curly figure. There is wide variety, even within the same species, so you can't know what to ex~. The cha.irmaking process stanS with finding wood in the fo_rcsL ~u~ting wood reminds me of fly-fishing - n gives me an excuse to be out in the woods. I find myself wandering around looking for tn:CS, or sometimes just wandering around. I remember those moments as I go through the process of buil~g ~ chair. -ro ~p that connection in mind 1 very sansfying. s Like any logger, I am usually looking for trees more than 14 inches in diameter. I search for oak and hick<X')'. Occasionally I have found ash in this area, but I have never used iL Black walnut is always a nice possibility, if you can luck into iL I don't saw the logs into boards. Instead, I split the log into four even sections or qlWterS with wedges and a sledge hammer. Every time I open up a log, I feel anticipation as I drive in one wedge after another until it spliu apart. Ideally tl';C log. splits into two perfect halves. Sometimes n snaps open with a sharp "crack!," and.the two halves roll apan as ncally as opemng a book. Sometimes I fight and tear and cuss and finally have to haul out the axe to get the stubborn log to spliL So~ are hopes and disaPt>Ointments. I never know what experiences lie inside a given ~. and I n~ know bow many chairs a log will make until all the pans are shaved down to their final sizes. Finding good chair legs and rungs in a log is tricky business. To get my "rough stock" (wood which is roughly the siz.e of my finished chair pans), I split the quarters by a process called "riving," which is carefully CO!'trolled splitting. Trees such as oak, hickory, and ash arc called "ring porous woods" aDC;1 are the easiest to split this way, due to their pattern of annual growth. Their spring and early . summer growth consists of large-por:ed. airy cells. while their late season growth 1s dense. The ttcc thus becomes a wrapping of well-defined strong and weak layers. Splitting along these layers is controllable and reasonably predictable. I ming this rough stoelc to the shaving horse - a low bench with a jaw that grasps the wood just below the c~ lev_l of someone c sining on the horse. The Jaw is opened and closed with a foot treadle. With the stoelc held Falt, 1992 steady in the jaw, I carefully shape out the chair pans with a drawlcnife and a spokeshave. A spokeshave is a small to0l that has a mounted blade with a handle on either side. It is designed especially for working rounded surfaces. lt was first used to make wagon wheels - hence its name. I work the wood while it is still greeg. Wood is much softer when it is green and thus men suitable for working with hand tools. I measure and mule my pieces. but I also have to rely on my hands and my eyes. To get a really fine finish on my chairs. I use a finely tuned spokeshave. Sandpaper abrades wood. To get a clean finished surf~ on wood most chainnakas use a lcecn-cutbng hand plane or spokeshave. A good spokeshave can cut a shaving that is thinner than tissue paper. It is simple in design. but it is a remmbblc IDOL Wood shaved by hand has a texture which 1alhcd wood lacks. It sometimes rcuins curves or pccutiarim that are reminiscent of the ttcc's original growth. There might be a tiulc knot, a little bit of twist, or a wormhole. Different woods feel different in your hands when you arc working th~ They give differently under the drawknife. Some are troublesome and can be a challenge ro shave down to a clean surface. Red oak can be very coarse, while hickory shavings tend to be more even and smooth. You can 1eam to recognize green woods by their smell as well as by their feel. Walnut is a favorite wood of mine. It has a wonderful smell It's greaa to have a ~e of walnut shavings in the shop. Red oak lS sometimes called "piss-oak" because of its smell. But it never bodlcn me. I like bow wood smells. Hickory bark is my favorite ma1eria1 for making chair seats. The bark must be harvested in the spring or early summer. At that time of year, when ~ is rapid growth and lots of moisture in the tree, the bark is tender and easy to wark. I choose a sapling (CClllliaad cm Mlll pap) �~continued rrom page 27) make any sense. I recently saw a videotape of an old man from Switzerland, a cooper. He was obviously a master craftsperson. Although he had great dexterity and technical expenise, what impressed me the most was how completely this man was absorbed in his work. While he was working in his shop, he was in his place. This clement of crafunanship - this combination of composure and concentration - is what work is about. If that element of lhe craft is lacking, lhen our labor is incomplete. Fine craftsmanship requires complete attention. But to achieve lhis level of attention, a woodworker needs to understand - to see and to experience - the whole process of lhe object he has wrought, from the forest to the finished piece. There are times when I feel at home with my work. Of course, some days it just feels like hard work. But there are other days when it is sweet, so sweet, to listen to and shave off the outer bark, exposing the inner bark, which is quite pretty. I score lines one inch apan the length of the tree with a jackknife, and peel off the inner bark one strip at a time. I use this inner bark to weave the chair seat. Any woodworker learns quickly that in order to make a living, the hand tool must be dropped at some point and the electric powered tool needs to be used. The process of building a single chair is simply too labor intensive. For myself, however, I am not sure how to define the line where handwork drops off and machine work begins. Machines make production many times easier and faster; but what good is there in having so many cheap mass-produced objects? The real concern is: to what extent have machine tools improved crafrsmo.nship? Here, we need to understand what craftsmanship really is, which is hard to do because there are so few craftspeople around any more. To find someone who can take clay or glass or wool and turn it into something that is beautiful and functional as well, that is a truly wonderful thing. Machines have not made better craftspeople; they have eliminated them, which does not sh,viog, ,,.., off <he woode/ ~ Drawing by Hope Walker Plwto by Elmu Holl "The area's oldest and latgcst natural foodsgroo?fY " c.o"'°'illG- •oo~ Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements Wheat, Salt & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes Hair & Skin Care Products Beer & Wine Making Supplies CA.~~s ,ao &6~ aaoc,. C"-\\~~lt,N.C. 2.1-,,r Ill l)•llc,c234 -NC287J9 200 W. King St, Boone, NC 28607 ~)6934>l35 speaking f2.r..the earth. whole earth grocery dclcr of Big Cove 1pealu of tndiliom and 1inp the Booger Dance, Crcco Coro Dance and ' ·, .·. '\ I r1 .. NATURAL MARKET WHOLE FOODS • BULK FOODS • VITAMINES • HERBS • FAT PREE FOODS • TAKE OUT FOODS • SNACKS • NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Blowing Rock Rd. Boone. NC 28607 Xotilah Jou.mat page 28 ~ NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVlNG 446 e.parkway aaft center • suite 11 gatlinburg, tennessee 37738 615-436-6967 ~ 14,\ othen with drum and rattk. WHERE THE RAVENS ROOS1 .:.: f'ril (704) 264-5220 Cherokee traditional tongs of Walker Calhoun Sn£Cnsx> AS Ml OOl"STAl,'l)fl,IQ RlUt R£coaDrNQ 8Y THE UIIMltT 0/F• Talking Leaves is a moothly journal of deep ecology, inspired penoual activism rooted in wthm spirituality. Past issues have featured articles by Gary Snyder, Swbawk, Jobo Seed, Joanoa Macy, Bill Devall, Looe Wolf Circles. Barbara Mor, etc. Ta/Jcing Lea,-a speus for the oannl world and for the rekindlioa of our own wild spirit COH(IJIBSS CMmn AND IIOOICLIT S 12 Moul<TAIN HDITA<lt CDrn:ll WIS"lnN CAllOLIN,\ UNTVtUlTY Cuu.ow8i:!, NC 28723 Subscriptions arc $18.00 one year/ SZA.00 outside U.S. Ta/Jcing Lea,-a 1430 Willamette 1'361 Eu,-, OR 97401 503/342-2974 Taft, 199rz �Reading the Grove by Charlotte Homsher These are some of my observations on how to study trees in a grove with an eye to recognizing che invisible forces at work. In order co find a grove, the first thing you have to do is gee off the main trail. Hiking trails are almost always arbitrary cues that slice across the forest. Exceptions to this are the Indian trails which were the original animal runs or bison trails. Trees do eventually accommodate the presence of the artificial trails, but this is a process that can take several generations of human lifetimes. To get to a grove, I recommend walking barefoot to minimii.e the impact on the forest floor and also to stimulate one's sensual awareness by immediate, direct contact with the earth. Finding a magic grove is something like searching for morel mushrooms. It requires quiet observation, stealth, and perseverance. The object is to find a grove where the trees have no particular relationship with humans but are primarily connected in a group with each other. A grove is defined by specific physical boundaries which may be water, rock formations, or an abrupt change in vegetati9n. The shape of a grove is usually circular. I can most easily recognize a grove if I am looking for a nature spirit home or settlement. To some there may be a question of whether the nature spirits created a grove in a particular way to accommodate themselves or whether a certain panem of tree growth attracted the nature spirits. I think it is co-creation of both the trees and the spirits or of the visible and the invisible. I do recognize a grove as having specific character which changes even a few feet away. A grove supports more variety of life than the trees immediately outside the grove. lfl want to understand the relationships of trees to each other in a grove, I need to stay very quiet and observe as a detached outsider. The tree itself is an interface of superimposed spatial realities. There is energy at every level of the tree, from the deepest taproot all the way up the trunk into the canopy and above the crown. These energies can be felt, or seen as color and/or shape. Those who can see nature spirits describe this creative energy as a variety of spirits which live on one tree. (I am thirucing particularly of Geoffrey Hodson who watched nature spirits change shape and size as they fluidly dissolved in and out of the solid mass of the tree.) Auras of trees blend with each other. Mature trees have expansive auras which bathe nearby younger trees in their light. l believe this is a generational nourishing and teaching process in which the older trees influence the younger trees. Like people, trees can take on a predominate level of energy which can be defined as chakra level or specific role playing. Native Americans referred to trees as the Standing Men because, like us, trees ThC£, 1992 stand upright between heaven and earth. A grove is a family group of separate beings that at the same time creates the one Standing Man represented by all the trees playing different pans to make the whole. What I call the grounded tree is analogous to the grandmother or grandfather and may be the oldest, largest tree. Much like the function of the feet of humiµ1s, this tree is particularly adept at bringing earth energy up through the roots and trunk and making this earth nourishment available to the plant life in the immediate vicinity. It helps in the nourishing process as does the binhing tree, the mother tree. The seeds from the mother tree are particularly potent. There may be more nature spirit activity around these trees, especially of the kind of nature spirit interested in seed saving and propagation. The mother tree supports an abundance of life of every kind. Birds and forest animals are attracted to the mother tree. Moss and growth of all kinds will be abundant on the trunk. The boughs of the tree may extend to neighboring trees in a nesting kind of way. Unusually lush patches of wildflowers or many sapling trees will grow close to the mother tree. The beauty tree is particularly graceful in form and is a joy and inspiration to all the other trees. The speaker rree is the communicator and the mediator. It understands the language of many life forms and relays information. Of all the trees in the grove the speaker tree is the one most likely to speak to humans. If one spends a long enough time under a speaker tree, the tree will begin to influence one's thoughts. It has listened to the stories of woodland animals and migrating birds. It knows about the health of its species and about trees in other parts of the world. The spire tree is the tree in the grove most resp~>nsible for bringu'!g in the cosmic energies. It is usually the talfest tree. It has the most far-reaching view. It helps open up the species or the grove itself into inter-dimensional reality. The reaching bough trees are the good neighbors, the loving trees. They intertwine their limbs with nearby trees and twist their trunks toward their neighbors. They extend the wannth and comfon of their being to the other trees. Not every grove will contain all these types of trees. This is only an indication of the outward form of what I think is an awareness of trees for each other. Young trees do not have enough character to have assumed importance in the relationships of the grove. But if a mature tree is destroyed, then a younger tree, even an understory tree, can be groomed by the nature spirits to replace the old tree. If this happens, the characteristic traits of the mature tree will begin to manifest in the smaller, chosen tree, which may be of a different species. I·know of one grove in which several prominent "trees" are actually old-growth ,,# rhododendron. p Drawing by Pegi �The North Carolina American Chestnut Foundation If the American Chestnut tree is to once again compliment the mountains of the Katuah bioregion, your help will be needed. This is not a hybrid tree. Planted here on a half-acre of land are some forty-seven true American chestnut seedlings. But they cannot grow on such a limited piece of land. They need many acres on which to spread their magnificence; where both human and animal can enjoy their fruits. This is a hypovirulent strain, and therefore blight-resistant. Such trees usually survive attack by the fungus Endotlua parasirica. These seedlings have come from old trees that have resisted the virus. By constant checking and proper nunuring, we may re-establish this tree in our moutains. Will you help? These seedlings must be transplanted into their permanent home no later than February or March of 1993. They are three year old seedlings. and doing just fine now, but they will need land to mature on. Money (for more trees and help in bringing them to maturity) is needed and so is a great deal of acreage. The more land available, the more of these special trees can be grown, and the more the land and wildlife will gain. Are there old farms no longer being fanned for whatever reason? ls their acreage unused? Are there landowners who have no children to leave their land to, who would rather see it go to something beneficial to the Earth and the many animals for whom the chestnut was a staple food? Would you be interested in supporting the chestnut rather than have your land go to the State where, too often, wealth or political power, permit clear-cutting and destruction instead of caring? This work is not for profit. Do you remember as a child the beauty of the tree, and the unmatchable flavor of chestnuts cooked in an iron skillet over an open fire? That beauty and the joy of chestnuts can be shared with today's young people, and tomorrow's. We must have a deep and abiding faith that God will touch the hearts of those who can help this effort to allow these trees their full potential. If you want to help and be a part of this worthwhile goal, generations to come will be forever grateful. Dorothy Diclcson The North Carolina Amtrican Chestnut Foundation l l ] Awumn lane llarri.sonburg, NC 28075 (The North Carolina Amtrican ChestnUJ Foundation is not offiliattd in any woy wirh the American Chestnut FoundallOn.) RARE SPEOES NEED HELP! The Biodiversity Legal Foundation (BLF) is calling on grassroots environmenral activists with a strong biological interest and legal orientation to develop comprehensive reviews of the biological status and distribution of inadequately protected rare and endangered species in the East. Information cpllected in these status reviews will be used to develop and implement effective administrative, legal, and public education programs on behalf of the species or subspecies. These are all species that the Biodiversity Legal Foundation considers to be biologically threatened or endangered. but that have not been added to the official list of federally protected species under the Endangered Species Act Species of special concern requiring priority status reviews in the Appalachian states include: Brachymenium andersonii Cy/indrocolea andersoni Psoralea macroplcylla (scurf-pea) Solidago plumosa lesquerella perf orata (Spring Creek bladder pod) Lesquerella sronensis (Stones River bladder pod) The Biodiversity Legal Foundation conducts biological research to identify species that are in need of protection under the Endangered Species Act and provide the necessary documentation to press petitions before the US Fish and Wildlife Service for endangered species status. BLF staff will cooperate in the development of conservation and recovery plans for petitioned and listed specie:s or will develop legal actions to compel federal and state agencies to comply with the laws intended to protect natural diversity, as is appropriate. Contact: The Biodivusiry ugal Foundation Boz 18327 Boulder, CO 80308 ~vl-~,~-,~ w -~ V' Alternatives ... The Dirt1ctnry of lntt-ntional ConfJ,wnlllt!. is lhe prod· < uct of two years of intensive research. and is lhe most comprehensive and accurate di.rectory available. It documcnis lhe vision and lhc daily ltfc of more lhan 350 communities in North America, aud more lhan 50 on olher continents. Each community's listing includes name, address. phone. and a dcsc,ip•Jon of lhc group. Extensive cross-rcfcrcnr,ni; and mil'-• ing makes lhe infonnation easy to access for., wide vancty of users. Includes maps, over 250 atldit.ional kesourcc listings, and 40 rclared articles. Programs to encourage self ond Earth oworeness. celeblolion. kinship ond hope. Covi~ffiN'i·1·11·~~ Perfcctbouud • Youth Camps • School Programs • Famlly Camps· Te&cher Tra,n,ng • Community Program• • Camp Slaff Training • Outdoot Program Consulting Octobu I990 ISBN Number: 0 9602714-1-4 .~°P P.O. Box 1306 Gon.,burg. Temessee 3n33 6 15--436-6203 328 pages 11-1/hll ~ • •L ~: w t $16.00 Add $2.00 postage & handling ror first book. $.50 for each aJdt1ionJl; 4u% <l rM:ount on orders of 111 w more. Alpha Fann. Deadwood. OR (509)~5102 REGIONAL RADIO Featuring Crossroads music, NPR news and music programs, regional news and information concerning health, education, government, recreation, and the environment. WNO/II· FM P.O. Box 804 Spindolc, NC 28160 (704) 287-8000 ,=-on, l 992 �TRANSFORM Transportation in NC The Four Directions: Native Literary Magazine The Snowbird Publishing Company of TelJico Plains, TN is owned by Native American Indians and publishes works by native people. Now !he company is offering The Four Directions American Indian literary Quarterly. The magazine will make available the poetry, short stories, anicles, historic narratives, and artwork of the native peoples. Tt will also fearure commentary on issues facing the native tribes today: education, health, women's issues, thefts of native artifacts ("professional" as well as "amateur), and environmental issues. The first two issues of The Four Directions Literary Quarterly are now on sale. Snowbird Publishing Company is owned by Joanna and William Meyer of Tellico Plains. Joanna is Cherokee/Navajo; William is Cherokee/Creek. Between them, the two have much experience in writing, editing, and publishing, as well as working in native communities on issues of concern to the native people. William has been assistant editor and reporter for the American Indian Historical Society and its newspaper Wassaja. He was also editor of publications for fndigena, Inc., an international organi7.ation of native peoples based in Berkeley, CA. With Burke Armstrong, he co-founded American Indian News Team, the first national Indian news agency. TM Four Directions A=rican Indian literary Quarterly is available for $21.00 for four issues from Snowbird Publishing company; Box 729; Tellico plains, TN 37385. CaU (615) 546-7001. POWER TO THE PESSIMISTS! "What's happ'nin'?" Here's how to find out - what's cool and what's not, what's drab and what's hot. lt's Power 10 the Pessimists, a rare glimpse into the mind of (some ot) today's young people, freely offered by the students themselves. The mystery publisher of P llJ the P is identified only as Monrovia, thought to be a student at the Mountain Heritage High School in Burnsville, NC. The stapled newsletter is all '90's - xerographies, paper gra.fitti, poems, personal (very!) statements, random decorative art pieces (doodles), and lots of tenth grade wit and wisdom This paper even has "sensitive boy poets!" - and you thought they were dead! Young people will want to check out Power to the Pessimists as valuable communication. Older people will relish,the perspective it offers on the world as the coming generation sees it. (So, obviously, it's a publication for everyone.) Entertaining and insightful, P co the P is.. .is.. Js... fresh! And definitely worth picking up on. Contacl Power 10 IM Pessimists al: 1890 Hannah Branch Rd. Burnsville, NC 28714 (IL's only $5.00 for one year - bu1 !hey deserve better lhan lhaL) Spurred by a recent series of articles published in the North Carolina Independent, a group of North Carolina citizens gathered on the lawn of the state capitol in Raleigh September 10 10 announce the formation of the NC Alliance for Transportation Reform. The group consists of individuals from many different backgrounds. Some members are veteran road-fighters who want to protect their yards or neighborhoods from intrusive projects. Some are people who see our automotive lifestyle as one that the natural world cannot afford. Others believe they should not be paying the high tax rates that come with unneeded highway projects. The statewide group proposes that the the current system of political favoritism be replaced with <?ne that gives o~ary ci~ens, environmental1sts, planners, pubhc transit advocates, and the scientific community more authority. Transponation Reform would abolish the Highway Trust Fund (transponation funding would be subject to the same rules and budget procedures as all other state projects), and it would require the DOT to use environmental standards that meet or exceed federal regulations. The group will target gubernatorial and legislative candidates during the 1992 election and it will ask the two candidates for state auditor to commit to an in-depth performance audit of the DOT. For more information, write: N.C. Alliance for Transportation Reform; Box 1002; Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514, or call western North Carolina contact Rusty Sivils at (704) 258-8737. Drawing by Hope Walker 1492-1992: NEW VISIONS NEW ALLIANCFS Wbile many ,cc the issues ofColwnbus' invasioa u SOO )UIS in lhc past. llw:rc by ~ob Messick Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards with artwork as seen in I<atuah Journal. Send $11.25 ppd to: Rob Messick Rt.8, Box323 Lenoir, NC 28645 Tact, 1992 arc about 1.4 million original North ~ among us loday. They Olce • wide range or life and death issues lo which newer Americans ue o'14I blind. 1491,1991.- NEW VJSJONS, NEW ALLJ. AJ.K:ES provides insights Ullo lhe Europe from ~b Columbus Jmmcbed bis Y(Tj· ages, a mon: realistic portrayal of North American histoiy followmg lhe European mvasioa. and ccamplcs of lhc battles Native AmcritaDS musl still f'3hl lod3y. 30 pp. S4 each. Sl.SO for IS or more. ENERGY rooLS ·l·lfMJ~G, WAWDS· MtD ICIN€ BAGS C.RYSTALS•TI\Ll<INC:i STICl(S • DRU~.S • MEDI C.INE STAFFS•SiONES ANO MO~ ASHEVILLE. NC 704-158- tt'l~I Return to: Mobilization for SUrvival 328 Flatbush Ave., Suite 155 Brooklyn, NY 11238 Drawing by Michael Thompson '.K.atuah Jou.mat page 31 �events 'l WAYNESVILLE, NC Meditation Retreat gives you the chance IO spend the weekend with your reflective self. Leon Frankel, resident managet of Stil-Light Theosophical Retrea1 Center, will offer instruction in basic breath-awareness meditation toclmiques. Pre-register: $40 plus meals and lodging. For more info on this and other programs, contaet Stil-Lighl, Route I, Box 326, Waynesville, NC 28786. (704) 452-4569. ASHEVILLE, NC Reading the Inner Tree is a short course on tuning into tree energy. Learn to recognize special trees and magic groves with facilitator Oiarlotte Homsher. Pre-register. S35 for beginners' two-session class on Ociober 3 and IO. Advanced class will be Octobu 24, and cost $25. For more info, call (704) 253-5917. BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Southeast Light Linlc '92 is a regional network gathering for those involved in planetary uansformation. The agenda includes large and small cucles to share ideas, resources, visions ... no workshops! Pre-register.$115 includes meals and lodging. For info, contact Anne Gillis, 4311 Harvest Hill Road, Memphis, TN 38141. (901) 761-3435 or (901) 362-8431. 27-29 CHEROKEE, NC Cherokee Fall Festival at the Ceremonial Grounds. Traditional dancing and costumes, dance competitions. For info, call (800) 438-1601. 6-10 30-11/1 WESSER, NC 10th Guest Appreciation Festival and Used Equipment Sale will include music, mini-courses and general family fun. For info on this and other events, CODll!Cl the Nantahala OuldoorCcntcr, 41 Hwy 19 West., Bryson City, NC 28713. (704) 488-2175. NORRIS, TN Tennessee Fall Homecoming is a celebration of traditional mountain culture at the }fuscum of Appalachia. Music, crafts and demonstrations of rural life skills, in addition IO the Museum's regular exhibits. For info, call the Museum at (615) 494-7680. 7-11 SEPTEMBER 18-30 WASHBURN, TN Intensive Pennaculture for the Southeast is an intensive course offering practical training in the design of agricultural ecosystems with the diversity and long-term sustainability of the natural world.Course will be held at Narrow Ridge Farm and will focus on strategies and techniques for the Katuah bioregion. Contact: Chuck Marsh; Box 1488; Highlands, NC 28741 (704) 526-3535. ASHEVJLLE, NC "Kituwah" - the second annual iniertribal Native American culrural celebration. Drumming and dance competition, traditional crafts sale, juried fine ans show and an educational program for kids will all happen at the Asheville Civic Center. Admission: $5-10. For mo.re info, call (704) 252-3881. SWANNANOA,NC Drum andRanle Making Wodcshop with Hawk Hurst. For more info about this and other programs, contaet the Earth Center. See 10/10. 23-25 3 ASHEVILLE, NC WNC Alliance Annual Membership Meeting is open IO the public as the Alliance marts its lCllth anniversary. Agenda includes workshops and legislative update. Pre-register. SIS includes lunch. For info, contact the AlJjance, 70 Woodfin Place, Asheville, NC 28801. (704) 258-8737. 3 1 7-JS NOVEMBER 6-8 10 SWANNANOA, NC Dance for the Ancestors will follow the monthly Full Moon Lodge at the Earth Center. All-night dancing, singing and drumming to honor the Native People, five hundred years after Columbus. Families are encouraged to come. For more info, contact the Eanh Center, 302 Old Fellowship Road, Swannanoa, NC 28778. (704) 298-3935. ~ GREAT SMOKIES PARK Appalachian Crafl Jubilee will provide an oppornmity IO learn traditional mountain craft techniques in basketry, pottery, weaving and other crafts. Pre-register: $100 includes meals and lodging. For info on this and other programs, contac1 Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont, Rt I, Box 700, Townsend, TN 37882. (615) 448-67()() 7 SWANNANOA, NC Full Moon Lodge begins at noon each month, followed by a shared meal. cau the Earth Center for more info. See 10/10. 24-27 CULLOWHEE, NC Mountain Heritage Day is a celebcation of the music, dance, crafts and folklifc of Katuah. Shape-note singers, gunsmiths, storytellers. quilters and others will be on hand, in addition to the Mountain Heritage Center's exhibits. For more info, contact the Center at Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723. (704) 227-7234. 26 11 FULL MOON/ HUNTERS MOON 10 FULL MOON/ BEAVER MOON DECEMBER HELEN, GA Falling Leaves Rendezvous will offer serious instruction in the ans and lifeways of indigenous people. Skills include making fire by friction, stallcing and tracking, tool making, plant identification. lnstuctors will be Darry Wood, Snowbear, and others. For info, contact Bob Slack, Jr., Unicoi Stare Part, Helen, GA 30545. (404) 878-2201. 15-18 2-6 HOT SPRINGS, NC From Confusion IO Enlightenment is the title of a meditative retreat led by Thubten Chodron. an American Tibetan Buddhist nun. Pre-register: S 150 includes vegan meals and lodging. For info on this and other programs, contact Southern Dharma Rcireat Center, RL I, Box 34H, Rot Springs, NC 28743. (704) 622-7112. S-6 OCTOBER JONESBORO, TN 20th Annual National Storytelling Festival will feawre the best yam-spinners and tall-tale-tellers from all ovet. For info, call the National Association for the Preservation and PerpctuAtion of Storytelling at (615) 753-2171. 2-4 Drawing by Rob Messick 16-18 NEW MARKET, TN STP School is a periodic weekend gathering designed to "benefit members of grassroots groups currenlly working on concrete environmental issues." This session will focus on environmental litigation. Pre-register: cost is low and negotiable. For info about this and other programs, coniac1 the Highlander Center, 1959 Highlander Way, New Market TN 37820. (615) 933-3443. GREAT SMOKIES PARK Winter Highcountry Camping in a backcountry shelter. For info on this and other field COl11'SCS, contact Smoky Mountam Field School, 600 Henley Street., Suite 105, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37902. (800) 284-8885 or (615) 974-0150. 9 FULL MOON ralC., 1992 �GOOD EAR1H .ORGANJ~ - in Asheville has a nctWOrk-~eting p~-wh)ch can provide a substantial part-time income. (Full time in 18-24 months). This is needed in any area, no training required. We provide !raining and all assistance needed to get you started in yoor own business. Contact Good Earth at (704) 252-7169. RAW. CHEMICAL-FREE HONEY • with comb or withoUL Tulip poplar and Sourwood honey from the foresis of Patrick County, VA. No chemical. no white sugar, no heal - ever. Strained through cheesecloth and packed in glass. Limited quantities. Call or write for prices and availability. Wade Buckholts - Bull Mountain Beelreepers; Rt 2, Box 1516: Stuart. VA 24171. (703) 694-4571. WISE WOMAN TRADmON • herbal healing workshops with Wh.itewolf. • Sept 12-13: Campout and weed walks, Waynesville, NC. • Sept 29 • Oct 4: Apprentice Week near Atlanta, GA. • Nov. 6-8: Fall Rootwork Weekend in NC mountains. Root digging, medicine-making, inner journeying. Sliding scale, work-exchange. Wolf, P.O. Box 576; Asheville, NC 28802. TI-IE ALTERNATIVE READING ROOM. is an unconventional library; free and open 10 the public. Our collection interests include the environment, social and political issues, the media and peace. We have over 200 magazine subscriptions. The book and video collections also emphasize the environment and political concerns. Books and VCR's can be checked out A video player is available for watch.ing films in the reading room. Located at 2 Wall St. #114; Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 252-2501. Mon/Wed/Fri 6-8 pm - Tues/Sol I0-6pm - Sat/Sun l-6pm BEGINN1NG CHEROKEE LANGUAGE BOOKNATIVE AMERICAN CEREMONIALS • include handcrafted Native American ceremonial supplies. Drums, Custom Pipes, Medlcine Bags, SweetgraSs, Sage, Feathers, Rawhide Raules, Tobaccos, Pipe Bags, Native Autes, and more! For lice catalog send to: P.O. Box 1062-K; Cherokee, NC 28719. TREE PLANTERS NEEDED - Men, Women, families. Hare! work (much done for paper & timber co's.) for great pay. December through March in the Southeast Mobile camper rt.quired (pick-up with camper, trailer, van, bus, etc.) Send resume to: Eclcerman Forestry Service; RLI, Box 290-D: Wam:nsville, NC 28693. (919) 385-6838. BACK TO THE SOURCE - is an advenwre in the spectacular beauty of our remaining wilderness and is the highest quality baclcpaclcing guide service available. We specialize in small group, minimal impact journeys into the most remote wildlands in America. For a brochure write: Back to the Source, Lee Mercer; 361 I White Ave; Baltimore, MD 21206. (410) 426-6016. - - life's n=essitiesfor less - - FRENCH BROAD Fooo supplemented with two cassettes. Stresses alphabet & proper pronunciation. The first textbook written for use in ieaching and learning the Cherolcee language. (346 pages) $39.95 plus $5.00 shipping. Calalog also available with tapes., books, pipes, dance sticks, drums, feathers, furs, buffalo products, and more. Craft supplies also available. (please specify). Send $200 to the Muskrat Trader, P.O. Box 20033; Roanoke, VA 24018. HAWKWIND EAR1H RENEWAL COOPERATIVE • is a 77 acre wilderness retreat located on Loolcout Mountain Parkway in northern Alabama Easy ~ . safe family camping, year round weekend programs featuring Native American elders and Eanh teachers from around the world. Strong spiritual foundation with Earth Renewal emphasis, membership discount co-op. There is no charge for Native American ceremonies; reservations required for all visits, please. Childcare often available. Write: P.O. Box 11; Valley Head. AL 35989 (205) 635-6304. For quarterly newsleuer and program updates send $10.00. • There is a charge of $2.50 (pre-paid) per entry of 50 words or less in Webworking. Submit entries for Issue #37 by November 15, 1992 to: Rob Messick; Rt. 8, Box 323· Lenoir, NC 28645. (704) 754-6097. • Co,op Kalmia Center, Inc. 90 8u.TMOR£ A ~ 00WIJTOVIN AsHEv!ui Sylva, NC (704) 293-3015 ('104) yr,,,r ammumity Custom tilling, organic fertilizers, kelp meal, colloidal phosphate & many more products and services for abundant gardening and healthful living. 255-7650 .....,.,,.,,.,_,,... groary stare ..... ~F--,•t .... •lpm. ......,.laa D f llffi. rl :Thu W WHOLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANIC PRODUCE 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm fnll, 1992 NATIVE FLUTES Two styles made of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt. 1, Box 172-L Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 Sa"'!)' Mush Herb Nursto/ WREATHS•POTPOURRI • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more than 800 plants from Aloe to Yarraw Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 2874S Phone for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 �D ear Members of Katuah Journal, After nearly 10 years of service to the Karuah Bioregional Province, the Katuah Journal newspaper will be ceasing publication in the summer of 1993. We have not been able to find enough people able to take long term responsibility for a project of this scale on a volunteer basis. While we are stopping the journal, we will keep the non-profit organization "Karuah" alive in order to have the.option of carrying out future bioregional projects. The Board of Directors for the Karuah organization will consist of: David Wheeler, Rob Messick, and Lee Barnes. We will meet at least once a year to keep track of organization business and to discuss future options. Any member who has project ideas or is interested in participating in this process should write us at: Karuah Futures; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645 or call (704) 754-6097. The winter issue of Katuah Journal #37 will be on "Bio-visions" or graphic art representations of what the bioregion is and what it could be. In the spring we will publish an issue devoted to alternative transportation in the Karuah bioregion. The final summer issue will contain an index to the Katuah Journal, a listing of other bioregionally-oriented organizations in the province, and tie up loose ends. Thank you for your generous support of Katuah Journal over the years. Without your help the paper would not have been as vibrant or as vital as it has been . We d ecided to end the tradition of publishing the journal with some measure of strength, rather than watch it slowly fizzle out. If you have comments or suggestions for the future, we w ould like to hear from you. Sincerely, Katuah Journal Staff /1 I would like to order issues: #37 (Winter 1992-93) "Bio-visions" #38 (Spring 1993) Alternative Transportation #39 (Summer 1993) Index & Resources Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ For a total value of $7.50 Katuah Journal Rt. 8 Box 323 Lenoir, NC Katuah Province 28645 Issue #39 of the Ka Mah Journal will contain a resource guide to groups and organizations devoted to protecting and restoring the natural world in the bioregion and working to sustain the web of life and our human economic and social systems in Katuah. We have postulated the following categories of activity: Regional Economy Health and Healing Appropriate Technology Appropriate TranspoTtation Councils &: Decision Making Peace Issues &: Conflict Resolution Xatuaf, Jour naC page 34 Shelter Education Agriculture Spiritual Life Natural Ecology Drawing by Rob Messick Town _ _ _ _ _ State_ _ Zip _ _ __ The success of this project will depend on your participation. Please send us information about your group and other groups that are working in your area. Offer other categories, if you like. Use additional sheets of paper if necessary. Give name, address, phone number, a one paragraph description of their work, and possibly a brief quote expressing their purpose. Enclose a copy of the organizational logo, if possible, and any photographs or drawings of group activities or the products of their work. Please also enclose your name, address, and phone in case there is a need for follow-up contacts. Submissions must be received by April 31, 1993. Mail to Katuah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645. rau., 1992 �··:KAT UAH KON FU S\ON :.. b-:, Rob MessicK BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE-SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agriculture. Sunflowers· Human Impact on the Forest - Childrens' Education· Veronica Nicholas: Woman in Politics· Little People • Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR· SUMMER 1984 Water Drum· Walef Quality. Kudzu · Solar Eclipse • Clearculling • Trout • Going IO Water • Ram Pumps· MicrohydJO. Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE· FALL 1984 Harvest - Old Ways in Cherokee. Ginseng· Nuclear Waste - Our Celtic Heritage - Bioregionalism: Past, Present. and Future - John Wilnoty - Healing Dnnmess - Politics of Participation ISSUE SlX • WINTER 1984-8S Winter Solstice Eanh Ceremony - Horsepasture River - Coming of the Light - Log Cabin Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop - William Taylor - The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN - SPRING 198S Sustainable Economics. Hot Springs· Worker Ownership-The Great Economy - Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey • Responsible Investing Working in the Web of Life lSSUE EIGI-IT • SUMMER 198S Celebration: A Way of Life- Katuah 18,000 Years Ago· Sacred Sites - Follc Arts in the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems: Hilda Downer Cherokee Heritage Center. Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE - FALL 198S The Waldee Forest - The Trees Speak • Migrating Forests - Horse Logging - Slllrting a Tree Crop • Urban Trees • Acom Bread - Myth Time ISSUE TEN- WINTER 198S-86 Kate Rogers. Circles of Stone . lntcmal Mythmaking - Holistic Healing on Trial - Poems: Steve Knauth - Mythic Places - The Uklena's Talc • Crystal Magic - "Dreamspealcing• ISSUE THIRTEEN - FALL 1986 Center For Awakening • Elizabeth Callari • A Gentle Death • Hospice. Ernest Morgan • Dcnling Creatively with Death· Home Burial Box - The Wake· The Raven Mocker - Woodslore & Wildwoods Wisdom • Good Medicine: The Sweat Lodge ISSUE FOURTEEN· WINTER 1986-87 Lloyd Dr! Owlc • Boogers and Mummers· All Species Day - Cabin Fever University· Homeless m Kmiiah • Homemade H01 Wa!Cf • Stovcmakcr's N:ur.:ilivc • Good Medicine: lntcrspCCics Communication We have limited 11umbers of particular back issues. Order back issues soo11 lo insure availability. There are no more entire sets of KatuahJournal available. The near complete set of back issues will be diminishi11g as limited copies sell out. rtiCL, 1992 ISSUE FlFTEE.N • SPRING 1 987 Coverlets· Woman Forester - Susie McMahan: Midwife • Alternative Contraception • Biosexuality • Bioregionalism and Women • Good Medicine: Malriarchal Culture • Pearl ISSUE SIXTEEN • SUMMER 1987 Helen Waite • Poem: Visions in a Garden • Vision Quest • Fll'St Flow - Initiation • Learning in the Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge • "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WINTER 1987-88 Vernacular Architcclure. Dreams in Wood and Stone • Mountain Home · Earth Energies • Earth-Sheltered Living • Membrane Houses • Brush Shelter Poems: Octo~r Du.sic· Good Medicine: "Shelter" ISSUE NINETEEN· SPRING 1988 Perelandra Garden • Spring Tonics • Blueberries • WildO.ower Gardens • Granny Herbalist • Flower Essences - "The Origin of the Animals:• Story. Good Medicine: "Power• • Be AT~ ISSUE TWENTY· SUMMER 1988 Preserve Appalachian Wildcmess - Highlands of Roan • Celo Communily - Land Trust - Arthur Morgan School • Zoning lssue. "The Ridge" • Farmers and the Farm Bill • Good Medicine: "Land" • Acid Rain • Dulce's Power Play • Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO· WINTER 1988--89 Global Wanning • Ftre This Time. Thomas Berry on "Bioregions" • Earth Exercise . Kore Loy McWhirter • An Abundance of Emptiness· LETS • Chronicles of Floyd • Darry Wood - The Bear Clan ISSUE 1WENTY-THREE • SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village - Planet Art· Green City. Poplar Appeal • "Clear Sky" · •A New Earth" • Black Swan • Wild lovely Days • Reviews: Sacred !And Sacred Su, Ice Age - Poem: "S udden Tendrils" ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR - SUMMER 1989 Deep Listening - Life in Alomic City • Direct Action! • Tree of Peace • Community Building • Peacemakers· Ellm1c Survival • Pairing Pro.,ec1. "Baulesong• • Growing Peace in Cultures • Review: The Chalice and the Blade ISSUE 1WENTY-SIX • WINTER, 1989-90 The B:oroic Era· Kids Saving Rainforest • Kids Treecycling Company· Conmc1 Resolution Developing Creati vc Spirit • Birth Power • Magic of Puppetry • Home Schooling • Naming Ceremony Mother Earth's Classroom • Gardening for Children ISSUE TWENTY-SEVEN· SPRING. 1990 Transformation • Healing Power • Peace LO Their Ashes • Healing in Katuah • Poem: "When Left LO Grow• • Poems: Stephen Wing • The Belly • Food from the Ancient Foresl ISSUE TWENTY-NINE· FAU/WINTER 1990 From the Mountains to the Sea · Profile of The LlUle Tennessee River • Headwaters Ecology • "It All Comes Down to Water Quality" • Water Power. Action for Aquatic HabitaLS - Dawn Watchers • Good Medicine: The Long Human Being • The North Shore Road· Kaulah Sells Out. Watershed Map of the Kaliiah Province ISSUE THIRTY· SPRING 1991 Economy/Ecology • Ways to a Regenerative Economy· "Money is the Lowest Form of Wealth" • Clarksville Miracle • The Village • Food Movers Lifework - Good Medicine: "Village Economy" • Shelton Laurel· LETS ISSUE THIRTY-ONE· SUMMER 1991 Dowsing • Responsibilities of Dowsing • Electrical Life of the Earth • Katuah and the Earth Grid - Call of the Ancient Ones • Good Medicine: "On Aggression" · Time to Take the Time to Take the Time - Whole Science • Tuning In ISSUE THIRTY-TWO · FALL 1991 Bringing bac.k the Fue • A Bit of Mountain Levity • Climax Never Came · "Talking Leaves": Sequoyah . Walking Distance • Good Medicine: "Serving the Great Life" · The Granola Journal · Paintings: "Mountain Stories"· Songs of the Wilderness ISSUE THIRTY-THREE· WINTER 1991-92 Fire's Power - Whal Is Natural • Fire and Forge • The First Fire - Hearth and Fire in the Mountains • Good Medicine: "The Ancient Red" • Midwinlef Fires: poems by Jeffery Beam • Litmus Lichens ISSUE THIRTY-FOUR· SPRING 1992 Paradise Gardening· Community Sponsored Agriculture - Ealing Close 10 Home· Native Foods • Cover Crops. Katuah Cultivars • The Web of Life: A Katuah Almanac - Good Medicine "Medicine Training• • Poems by Allison Sutherland ISSUE THIRTY-FIVE· SUMMER 1992 Consensus • Problems with Consensus. Tribal Council - Elda • The State of Franklin - Regional Rainbow • Steve Moon: Shell Engravings • Good Medicme "Medicine Training rr·. A Look Back Back Issues: Issue# _ _ @ $3.00 = $._ __ Issue# __@ $3.00 = $._ __ Issue# __@ $3.00 = $,_ __ Issue#_@ $3.00 = $._ _ _ postage paid $._ __ Name Address City State Zip Near Complete Set: (3-10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-27, 29-35) postage paid @ $50.00 =$,_ __ Katuah Journal Rt. 8, Box 323 Lenoir, NC Karuah Province 28645 • (704) 754-6097 '.Kati.ulfl Jourrn:1( pnge 3S � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 36, Fall 1992 Description An account of the resource The thirty-sixth issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on wood and its role in mountain life: logging, wood products, and forest stewardship. There is also an announcement that publication of the journal will cease in 1993. Authors and artists in this issue include: Lee Barnes, Frank Hodgin, David Wheeler, Dr. John Wade, Harley Wessman, Nancy McIntyre, Buzz Williams, Robert T. Pershcel, Jesse Jones, Leon S. Minckler, Tucker Windover, Charlotte Homsher, Rob Messick, Julia Vanselow, Frank Vogel, Michael Thompson, Susan Klimczak, Jeff Zachary, Susan Parker Weatherford, Mark Anderson, Hope Walker, and "Pegi." Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Using Wood.......1 Appalachian Logging by Lee Barnes.......4 Old Logging Days by Frank Hodgin.......7 Working the Woodlands by David Wheeler.......9 Wood Products and Western North Carolina by Dr. John Wade.......13 Depletion for Dollars by Harley Wessman.......13 Logging with Horses by Nancy McIntyre.......15 Natural World News.......16 Invasion of the Giants by Buzz Williams........19 From Industry to Endeavor by David Wheeler.......20 Pioneering A New Human/Nature Relationship by Robert T. Perschel.......21 Forest Stewardship Programs by Jesse Jones.......22 Ecological Forestry for Renewable Forest Values by Leon S. Minckler.......23 Drumming........25 The Chair in the Tree by Tucker Windover.......27 Reading the Grove by Charlotte Homsher........29 Events.......32 Webworking.......33 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Forest products industry--Appalachian Region, Southern Forest management--Appalachian Region, Southern Logging--Appalachian Region, Southern Animals in logging--Appalachian Region North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Book Reviews Earth Energies Economic Alternatives Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest History Forest Issues Forest Practice Habitat Katúah Katúah Organization Poems Reading Resources South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/6242ad52b617091c87c9539ed560f662.pdf ceae3b1dd3f95de061a292ba6f7dcc7d PDF Text Text ,.-.c---URNAL ISSUE 37 WINTER 1992-93 $2 00 �Green Man (a.Jc.a. Joe Hollis) Photo by Nancy Herman / ~UAHiJOURNAL "- PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 c, ~ New Address Inside! Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 .ac.\C 0,,l * () ~ Printed on recycled paper ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �eoNPENTr0 In The Morning.......................... by DcnnL~ Frederick Green Man and Green Woman........ 4 by Rob Messick Floyd 2020.... ............ ...... ......... 7 by Will Ashe Bason Ecology................................... 8 by Rob Messick Drawing of Sequoyah.................. 9 by James Rhea The Legend of James Whitehead..................... by 10 Bnrbaru Wickersham Raven1.................................... by Fran 11 Freudenbcrgcc Kid's Page............................... Rhea's Fairies.......................... . 13 Drawings by Lucile Morgan........... 14 Drawing by Bob Johnson.............. 15 Drawings by Pegi....................... 16 The Solitary Tree........................ 17 ... ,. ... 12 by Charlotte Homsher Wildwoods Wisdom.................... 18 by DougElliou Natural World News.................... 20 Mandalas................................. 22 hy Roh Messick Gourds................................. 23 by M1ch:icl Thompson Poem: A \lu~ Jmm Hawk'.r Nest. .. .. ... 24 by Gcr.tld George Economy................................. 25 by Rob MClisick Drummmg................................ 26 Rev11:ws: Beyond The Beaury Strip Reshapitrg Modern Culture.. ......... by Rob H Sleep well, my darling, Sleep we/1 my love. Srars in the heavens Are shining above. The labor has ended, The journey is done, So resc now, sleep now, My sweec one. 1 "Jack?" The old man rose and looked out the window at the lowering sun, the last rays of the day flowing golden over the ridges. It was so good to feel the spring again, to hear the bird.~ and taste the warm savor of the spring air. It had been a long winter, a hard biller-cold winter. Snow, storms. endless dark, and endless wind. It had been hard on him, harder on her. He looked over 10 where she lay, her profile softly outlined by the crossglow of the sun through the window and the candles around her head. He smiled. She looked peaceful, he thought Rested. "Jack, you 'bout ready?" That was Ethan. He was a good man • good friend and neighbor. I le had been for fony-three years, ever since he and Sarah had moved onto the f!Um next to Jack and Emma. "Yeah, Ethan, I reckon so." McssJCk Events.................................... 32 Webworking............ ... ,............. 33 W~1 1-tcr, 1992-93 © 1990 by Dennis K. Frederick She was so beautiful, so oddly beautiful when Jack first saw her. She was sitting on the other side of the room when the music started, and when he asked her to dance with him, it was all he could do to get the words out When she stood up and moved into his !UTTlS, he truly felt like he was holding an angel. She had dark brown hair and grey eyes and a smile that could outshine the moon. When she smiled up at him he felt like he was melting down and burning up inside all at the same time. And when they kissed for the first time • and every time after • it was ... complete. After they were married, Jack said the greatest joy in his life was waking up beside her every morning. He thanked God for that, every day. "Ethan, do you think that everyone who wants to come is here?" They never had children, Jack and Emma, not a one, not even a quickening. That made Jack some sad. knowing that after Emma died there would be no pan of her to carry on in the world, but then he'd look at her across the room or across the garden and he couldn't be sad for long, 'cause she was here now, and that was enough. And she said she didn't mind at all, 'cause she'd found a way to have all the children she wanted and not a one bother her in the middle of the night, for she became a school teacher. Now, Emma didn't run the usual son of classroom. Oh, she taught them their letters and numbers and all like that, and taught them well. But that was only on days when the rain or the cold kept them indoors. On other days she would have them outside walking in the fields or running through the woods or tromping up and down the creek beds. She said that God's world was the best classroom there was, and the only way to learn about it was to go out in it. And those kids? They loved it. And they loved her. You never saw a brighter, more sparlde-cyed bunch in your life. Drawing by Rob Mcuick (continued on page 3) lultimf~ Journot Jla<J"- �-, ' l<eLJAH JOURNAL -- , ,,-' " ..... .., -- ...,_,,, .... .. .....,,.... ~ · ~:/ I ,_, ,,,,,,.;"" - ~.r- ~·· . -~ ...... ~ . ____________ ,: --------- ..~-. ------/ -----.i'. I ._.,r·'!'· _ _ ,,,1"" ARTITORT ALSTAFFTIIIS ISSUE: Rob Messick (Coordinaror) David Wheeler Sherman Bamford Charlotte Homsher .,,,., ,)"\ .,...... ... ~ - ~~_,-.. , , ,r,~- . ~ .... ._/.. 'J _..c,~ .l· ....~ , - - o~~- ,,...: _.,jJ Pegi Heather Blair RheaOnnond Thanks to Marie Reilly for her inspiration... ................- - - - ~- _..;,._(l~ ~' _._,,..., • ;.·•· :l ~, I ~ ,~ .,... ....:." t -% -------- , ,. --.~,:-..· .- -~-------·-• 0-_,..•"' COVER: byRobMessick ©1992 '!•.b•-,•.t. PUBLISHED BY: KanUJh Journal EDITORIAL OFFICE THIS ISSUE: Backbone Spur Gardens< Globe Valley< Grandfather Ranger District< Pisgah National Forest < Katuah Province WRITE US AT: Karuah Journal Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC; Katuah Province 28645 TELEPHONE: (704) 754-fm7 Diversity is an imponant element ofbion:gional ecology, both natural and social. In accord with this principle K(J[uah Journal uies to serve as a forum for the discussion of regional issues. Signed articles express only the opinion of lhe authors and are OOl necessarily lhc opinions of the Katuah Journal edi«n or slllff. The lntemal Revenue Service has declared Ka1uah Journal a non-profit organization under section 50J(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. All coou,1>utions 10 Katuah Journal are deductible from per.;onal income w. Asticlcs appearing in K(J[uah Journal may be reprinted in other publications with permission from lhe Katuah Journal stalT. Contact the journal in writing or call (704) 754-6097. 'L'.NVOCA.TW'.N '-, I ---- - --- L~·.•._•. ,......_•./._..:f. - - *ttt!.. PRJNTED BY: The Waynesville Mountaineer Press ..-·!·· '.....,_ '. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once the Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Southern Plain on this Turtle Island continent of Mother Ela, the Earth Here, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection 10 the spirit of the land. We bring this connection into the being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we listen and we act We tune our lives 10 !the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preseJVe, defend. and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good Hannony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As 1he land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. Katuah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems. and artwork we speak 10 the spirit of alJ the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, the human beings, may find our place in th.is Great Life. The Editors KATUAH JOURNAL wanis ro communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional provillce. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send your contrib1uions to us at: Katuah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC; Katuah Province 28645. TJIE SPRING ISSUE will be dedicated to sustainable tourism and transport. including green alternatives to travel. Be sure to include those wonderful drawings and photos on the subject! The deadline is February 1st, 1993. Send to Rob Messick; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645. Jose Arguelles Xatuah Journot page 2 OUR LAST" ISSUE will! be filled with your closing comments and contributions, an index lO the 38 issues of KattUJh Journal, and a listing of biorcgionally oriented organizations in the Province (see page 34 for details). AJI Things Must Pass... Wtnter, 1992-93 �(conlinued from page I) "I think they are, Jack, and she said we weren't to wait 100 long." That last year when she couldn't get out of bed, Emma had cried about being useless. until one day she figured out something she could do. She would have Jack bring in an egg or cwo every few days from the henhouse, and she would lay those eggs alongside her body under the blankets where they would stay warm until they hatched ouL Then she would talcc the chicks and put them in a box beside the bed and tend them there until they were big enough to give away. and then they would go to whoever in the community was in need. That made her smile again. She was quite a woman. "I reckon it's time, then." Jack pulled on his coat and turned to nod at the men waiting in the doorway. He stepped out ont0 the porch and was amazed at the number of people standing outside. There must have been two or three hundred of them. Somehow he'd forgotten 10 keep track of the growth of the community. The new stores, the good roads, the churches, the increasing number of children in Emma's classroom - all this had somehow failed to register in his reality, for Emma was all his world. To live with her on their farm in these mountains - this was all he needed. Just to work ha.rd and love her. The six men brought Emma's coffin out of the cabin and raised it to their shoulders. Up the hill they went. followed by Jack, Ethan, Sarah, and all those others, up to the top of the hill where there stood an old oak tree. Its branches spread wide to shade a little fenced-in area enclosing a freshly-dug grave. They set the coffin down beside the hole, and, wlten all the people had gathered around, Jack spoke to them. "Friends, Emma and I want to thank you for being here. She would have felt honored to know that so many of you came to see her off. We want to thank those who sat up with us last night, we thank the women who got her ready and the men who dug her grave here. She asked me to be sure it was this particular time of the day when she was buried. She loved tile evening. Said it seemed co her a fitting time for a funeral, 'cause this way she got a good night's sleep before waking up to the good Lord's glorious morning - her very words. So, Emma, you sleep now, and these folks and 1, we'll see you on that morning. I love you. Rest well." Jack nodded to the preacher, the service proceeded, the people sang Emma to her rest, the coffin was lowered, the hole was filled in, and the stone was SCL Everybody went back down the hill to the house where there was food and drink and they all stayed awhile. Then they began 10 cirirt away home, the lanterns on their wagons shinning like fireflies disappearing into the woods, until there was only Jack and Ethan and Sarah lefl. "Will you be alright, Jack?" "Oh, I'll be right as rain by morning, Sarah. I'm just going to sit here on the porch for awhile like she and I used to do. She did love it so." ''I'll stop by in the morning." 'Thank you, Ethan. Good night." ,, "Rest well. I'll see you in the morning." Ethan and Sarah's wagon moved off down the road and the musical stillness of the night sectled over the old man on the porch. His eyes looked up to the hilltop, then far beyond for a long while, then they closed. When Ethan and Sarah came by in the morning, they found Jack still sitting in that chair, past all waking in this world. Ethan found a wide boartl and they laid Jack out on it. They put Jack in the back of the wagon, put in a few more boartls. hammer and nails and a shovel, and they drove the wagon back up to the top of the hill to that oak tree. They spent the rest of the day digging Jack's grave, nailing his coffin together around him, and lowering him down to rest beside Emma. They filled in the hole and moved the scone a bit so that it settled down over both.Jack and Emma. They stood in silence for a long time and at last they turned for home. "Ethan?" "Hmmm?" "l've been thinking about it. and I do believe that yesterday was the longest time that Jack and Emma had spent apart since they were married." "I guess he just could'c live with the thought of waking up alone. Well, he won't have to, now." Drawing by Lucile Morgan Wtt1ter , 1992-93 Sleep well, my darling, Sleep well, my love. Srars in the heavens Are shining above. The labor has ended, The journey is done, So rest now, sleep now, My sweer one. The journey is over, The morning has come, So rest now, sleep now, Mylovt. "This su,ry was inspired by somtthing D()(; McConnt'II told mt a couple of~ars ago. and by the spirit of the mountain people who IIOW siuround me." Denn,s Frtduick was born on the sowh s,de o/Clucago in /950, grew up in the li11kfarm town of MuJdldJury. IN. and autnlkd Indiana Univtrsiry mtermi11t111ly for several years. lie moved 10 7ennessee rn 1979 IQ work/or a rouring 1mpro~isa1ional thttUrt company where ht mt/ his wife. Lucinda Flodin, l'hey tool up life together in 1984, and 111 1986 discovatd S/Qrytelling osa tandem pe,formmu:t art. They liw with tlrtv scns. Forts/ and Cody. on 28 acres of mo1,1111llln glory in Carttr Co1,111ry, TN and make 1htir living as uave/i11g storytellers. DeMis and UJ.CiNJa havt produced rwo audio /ape~. Strawberries m the Snow and Mounlain Sptrirs, each SIO 00, ppd from R1.J. Box 726; ~ llampton. TN J7658. ~ X-atuoh Journot page 3 �~tuah Joumal, ..' I pcuw;1,4 lr Orawmga by Rob Musick f _. Wlntcr. 1992-!13 �t.nter , 1992-93 "'1titmi. Journot PCUJC S �----E _ __ -~ :K.nt(~h Journal pa9e 6 Drawing by Rob Muncl< l.>i.ntcr, 1992-93 �FLOYD 2020 by Will Ashe Bason There was little doubt by the mid-90's that the superstonns were the result of global cllinate changes produced by inefficient and thoughtless industrialization. The frequency and severily uf the Sturms increased during the '90's making tens of millions homeless and completely destroying lhe electricity distribution systems of huge towers and wires. The US Army was put to work building communities which could withstand the intense winds of lhe superstonns. Each of these villages had several large underground storerooms in which people could talce refuge in a storm. Some homes and structures were built to wilhstand the high winds, and some were made to be dismantled and stored when a stonn threatened. The US Army built over 5,000 eco-villages housing over three million people during the '90's. Many other settlements were built privately. Jimmy and Rosalyn Caner were leaders in a movement in which poor people came together to build protected villages. Still, millions of people who had lived in beautiful homes wilh many • luxuries were reduced to living in shack.s built of tarps and broken lumber near hastily dug storm cellars. During the mid- and late '90's, refugees from the West Coast went out in waves, each bigger lhan the last, just like the quakes and eruptions that set them in motion. Many of the people who were most tuned in to the narur:il world were among the first to leave. In most cases, people had 10 sell their homes and non-movables for nearly nothing. They loaded up lheir mini-vans and hitched up their trailers and headed east - much as previous pioneers had headed west. Many of the people who had been involved in building cuilural alternatives were drawn to areas in I.he Blue Ridge Mountains where these 1,>lnt.er, t992- 93 alternatives already had a foothold. Floyd County absorbed nearly 3,000 West Coast refugees between 1993 to 1998. After the huge back-to-back storms of 1995, the old power grid was gone for good in Floyd County and throughout most of the southeastern US. About half of the people in Floyd and several surrounding counties were homeless. That year there were so many emergencies that US and UN services were unavailable. The radical restructuring of the world economy 10 our reality-based exchange system was not yet complete, and localities everywhere were reduced to their own devices. A team of local engineers and architects developed several types of buildings which were made of local materials and could withstand extremely high winds. Over the spring and summer of 1995 more than 2,000 people worked on 14 villages which by winter were homes to 5,000 people. These communities consisted of a large central building surrounded by cottages. The sites were picked for favorable water power and they all generated enough electricity for lights in the cottages and refrigeration facilities in the central buildings. The couages seemed like castles 10 people who had been living cooped up with friends and relatives in sometimes amazingly cramped and cold conditions in the winter of '94. Over the next ten yean,, many more small, sheltered, and self-powered communities were buill in the county. Today, Floyd's 14,000 people have 42 communities of more than 100 inhabitants, while in 1990 12,000 people had only one such community. This restructuring into small communities had many unexpected benefits, and today there are few who would trade our present life for the world that the winds swept away. The villages of the Blue Ridge upland plateau differ considerably from each other, as some were fonned by fann families who had been in the area for many years, and some were fonned along alternative lines. Many communities have a Native American feel to lhem, several are African-American, and two are Spanish-speaking. A village near Buffalo Mountain is a Cherokee-speaking community, the northernmost of their confederacy. These various groups all mingle in the town of Floyd, which is still the largest settlement in the county. The Saturday market in Floyd is colorful and noisy. The village of Marin is somewhat typical of the communities that were built in Floyd County in the mid-'90's. Fourteen cottages were originally built and served as homes to over 50 people lhe first winter. The village maintains a sizable herd of cows and sheep and cultivates orchards on gentle slopes. The village has nearly 10 hectares of good river bonom land on which it raises grains and vegeiables. Marin has a water-powered grain mill, saw mill, and woodworking shop. The shop produces several types of wooden flutes which have a good reputation and earn the village most of i1s rrnde credits. This is in keeping with the musical motif of the villages of the area almost all of the local communities suppon themselves most by manufacturing various musical instruments. The Blue Ridge area was one of the most "backward" regions of the old US economy, but it came through the economic transition in much better shape than most other areas. Literacy rates rose sharply and infant monality rates fell, exactly counter to corresponding trends in the rest of the country and most areas of the world. The self-reliance of the old farm communities of the area combined wilh the ideas for alternative economic and energy systems that newer residcntS brought with them to create a ., better way of life. Drawing by Pcgi X-Gtooh )our-nm pQCJe 7 �Xatuml )ournm piiqe 8 Drawing by Rob Mcuick Wrntcr , 1992-93 �Drawing of Sequoyah by James Rhea �...: ·•~ ..... ... ·.~.- :. t;. . ... =~ ::•.= ... •• :.¥_: •• • ... ..... ... :;· :.;:• .. :! : ·.•.· :~ :- ·.~.: ·.~.: .·,; : ... .. ... ..-.: .... ... .... .. . ... THE LEGEND OF JAMES WHITEHEAD by Barbara Wickersham Once upon a time a man named James Whitehead lived up on the head of Tiger Creek way back up in the mountains of Caner County, Tennessee. He had a right nice farm and he loved 10 fish and hunt One day while young James was ou1 huntin' something happened that changed his life forever. It was gettin' kinda late, near dark, and he was 1hinkin' strongly abou1 h~din' home for supper. Suddenly he happened upon a tiny cri1ter lying frigh1encd and crying in the grass. He stared in amazement figurin' as how it must be a new-born baby tiger. h was, of coun;e, a baby mouniain lion, commonly called tigers or painiers by people thereabouts. He quickly looked all around but saw no sign of mama so he picked up the liule fella, gemly wrapped it in his hand.kerchief, and promptly carried ii home for his wife to care for. Now it just so happened that his wife had recently given birth herself, and, since Xotimn Journal page 10 _. ,, I ,I r ,1, --- I tfj .~ fl"'•'t f .J\\~ · l1;.,1~•J:.{ she couldn'1 figure any 01her way to save the little critter· not owning nny tiny baby bottles or eye-droppers - she simply nursed ii along wi1h her own baby. The baby tiger grew quickly, was s1rong and healthy, and soon was returned to the moun1ains where ii belonged. Folks around there got to calling James "Tiger," and forever af1er he was known as Tiger Whitehead, the man who saved the baby tiger. Tiger's real claim 10 fame, however, wa~ his hunting prowess. He managed to keep meai on 1he table for his burgeoning brood most of his 86 years and during tha1 time he actually killed 99 bears. When he was on his deathbed, one of his sons brought a bear cub to him, saying "Kill this bear so we can say you killed 100 bears," bu1 he refused, saying he had never killed except when he had to. His gravestone proudly proclaims "He killed 99 bears." ... Since 1984, Barbara Wickersham has collabaraJe.d will, Ron Vance in gathering stories of the Roan Mountain area. Tile two are both native Appalachian people with a long-rime fascination for the history. fitera111re, and language ofthe white mmmtain folk. In February of /985 they applied for and recieved a University ofTennessee Research Grant to help in the contitu4(Jtion of their oral history efforts. Their primary objective is to co/leer historical facts, tales, riddles, expressions, old plwtos - anything rl111t will capmre the life of the Roan Mountain people just before, during. and after the Great Depression. To clme they have interviewed 62 people and are .Hill working. ifyou have riddles, old games, ghost stories, or a good tale you would like 10 share with them, or ifyou hll\/e a lead on a particularly good interview prospect, they would appreciate your help. Contact Barbara Wickersham at 7314 John Norton Road; Knoxville, TN 37920 or call (615) ...::All' 577-1072. Drawing by Rob Messick p �:.•. ·.•.•;::·.·:~::·:: ,·,·.: • • • '; :•r •• • • • ,,.._.,, ·.•••••••'ho,,••••'\•'*•. .. ... .. ···...... ...... ······ •. ,.u .... .. : ..... ,:·:! .. ·.. .·.:: :::···. ·''"· ; ················· ....·..... . ~ ............ ·. ... .. ..::.::·;... .·. ..·:::_·:·:::::···· ·:··' ·... ·::~~~-~~·-:·-·-... ·.: .... . ...:.,:..:..,.·· . .. . ., .... ': :. . . ....~. .,.. \ ! ... -~--- •. ······· . ····,... ........._ . ... .... , .. - ......... ,\: .... ..... ·' . . ·•···· . ·····-···· ··········"'······ ~· .... • ..... ·- .... ..·· ......... .... Raven! ····..,:,. ;-._.::·.r:?,•,,•::::.,.•, ,..,;::···· . !".::.-:•.. :... :.. ·:., ,, .-·········· .... ···'y··".:-·····.:···. . ··-... .:.....:·:·· . .. -. ························ ······· Fran Freudenberger 1 a storygatherer currently residing in the Crab s Community o f Katuah rro,1nre. For infomiation contact her at TH E O PEN CIRCLE, 1112 W,llow Street; Hcnderson~ille, NC 28739 (70-I ) 696-3659. . .... ........ . .,,,: ..._..:.: ..-·· ... _ Gazed out O\'l'r the charred stillness and thought .. 'This was once the Earth?" I le listened to the smoldering silence and thought ... "This was once Her Breath?" Then Raven raised his wings In Anger and new away. by Fran Freudenberger Drawu,g by Rob Memc:lr. •.•• ···? �KID'S PAGE ___,---=- - ' ,. ., "'J ., ,I Daniel Olson - ngc 7 r .,._.;.. l.. :-::..£,=-- ----.... " ~..• - . . '. ,. • . ~· .. ·~ A i . .' ~,,., ' . . .. , . .... \. . . __ ~-r""·' _.....,,.::.. . ' ........---'\{.' ....~ . .• . ___.... ·---·~("'" • •. t. '·· ..~ • ..-, ..._ -':'-'\~,.,,.., ',•. !-,;_ ••~ ..... i ~~,... . ·,·.. '-.: . ' • -- - .- ..-- lJ .. . . . . ... (~ . ,, .._, ·.... _·:.>•.. ... ·... _., ,. . .,, . ' Jeffrey Hollis - age 4 .· •'f ' ... "Drngon at a Croquet Game" '"7:'-- • ----~. ... .. __ ;,,--- . .. . • .. .,. ···i.l. , - . ., .,, r .. . -.. .. :. . ~ .. . • , ..• ~·-- / / .''- . - - ... . - ~ J'- - -· Desiree Cafaro - age 11 Juniper Myers Walters - age 10 ,C:amal\ Jotmmf paqc 12 Lane Raskin - age 7 . -- ,-l,. 1 a,l., . . ..--,1· Jade Alysen Kornegay - age 8 !.>inter, I 992-' �I, l grew up in Missouri and experienced the Ozarks. Friends of my parents bought some land by a mountain creek and built a shelter. "'rhey called it Rocky Branch and I do believe that was where I first encountered fairies. In my adolescence our family moved lO cultural Cleveland where my father's dream was realii.ed - to play his viola in the Cleveland Orchestra in the great Severence Hall. When I sat in the hall, I would gnze up at the ceiling embellishment and watch the fairies' wings flutter to the beautiful music. I later learned that the ceiling was designed from the lace on Mrs. Severcnce's wedding veil. (l have also found fairies on recent trips 10 the an museum and felt like a fairy while studying ballet!) After years of an school, universities, a teaching profession, and a marriage I realized that I needed 10 get back to the land. The early memories of Rocky Branch were still in my head. lvmtcr, 1992-93 I found some land on a 30 mile reservoir nonh of Amherst, MassachusetlS and began to build my dream, and to connect back to the great Mother Earth. I lived on this secluded land by myself and felt the closeness of all the plant and animal spirilS that surrounded me. My only fear was of the hunters who evemually destr0yed my dream, burning my house down. rt was nine ye-ars ago when I came 10 Kaulah Province from New England. I followed the ridge of the Appalachian Mountains south and landed in a parndise garden. As I drove toward the South Toe River Valley, a rainbow crossed the road and 1 knew that this must be the place where fairies live. At that rime Joe Hollis was looking for someone 10 help in his garden, and 1 enthusiastically agreed. He offered me a yun (Mongolian teepee) to live in which became my home for three years. The gardens expanded and I found fairies flinering about everywhere. Joe took me to beautiful wildflower coves filled with thousands of trilliums, and 10 the ridgetops of the Black Mountains where I first saw galax and other wildflowers that did not grow in the Appalachian Mountains in New England or anywhere else I've ever lived. These mountains have a magic about them that I never felt in any oiher mountain range. Lost and homeless for years, I had followed the mountains south, guided by the faith and hope that I would find a home where fairies dance. Mountain Gardens in Celo. NC is that home where now our son Jeffrey runs through the garden looking~ ~ fairies. p • Rhea Ormond Drawing by Rhea Ormond �Drawings by Lucile Morgan - Coffey's General Sion: in Edgemont �Drawing b~ Bob Joluuon �Xatimh Journat• pnge 16 Drawings by Pcgi l,) i.n«ir, 1992-93 �The Solitary Tree by Charlotte Homsher Nature is not static, but an ever-changing process. Water moves so swiflly we can not focus on the lines of the current. Weather can change abruptly. Encounters with wild animals are fleeting and unusual. Only trees remain accessible to everyone, sturdily rooted in place long enough for us 10 study them. In issue #36 of Kan,ah Journal, I wrote about the relationship of trees to each other in a grove. In this anicle, I address the individualistic trees who stand alone and offer us insight into difficult questions. We live at the close of a century of momentous change, in an era of transition from one age to another, in a time of tremendous challenge. Now as never before we hold the fate of humanity and of the survival of the planet itself in our hands. It is easy to forget, so quickly are events moving in the epoch sense, that the process of decay (which is the grandest transition of all) happens slowly enough within a human lifetime for us to grasp the meaning of the cycle. For instance, the era of the great American chestnut tree came to an end in the thirties, yet the skeletal trunks of the chesmuts could still be seen scanding upright on the Blue Ridge Parkway into the sixties. I believe that even in death trees still teach us. There is a lightning-charred hollow trunk still standing at Catawba Falls. My son, who was silt at the time, told me very matter-of-factly that this hollow tree was where the lndian spirits live. He understood perfectly that the hollow places are homes, protection; not only den trees for bears and possums, but empty places where creation of all sorts can take place. A hollowed-out standing tree would be a good place for a vision quesL Nearly every power place has a tree of this kind. Inside the pregnant darkness of a hollow tree, one can hear a sound, a distonion similar to what one hears from placing a large sea shell neltt to the ear. These trees arc like drums for the Earth. I call the sound that they funnel the roar of the Earth. Jn the Reems Creek area, there is a massive trunk of a dead 1ree that is unusual not only for its size, but also because of 1he way in which the trunk twis1s up from the ground in a spiral pattern. The spiral twisting is indication that the tree grew on a power spot. The tree was able 10 bring up this powerful Eanh energy which came up the tree in a spiral vortex movement, and makes this energy available to the plam life, the animals, and the humans in the vicinitv. I am sure that this was a council.tree, a meeting place, when it was alive. Now that the tree is dead, the Earth energy that comes up through the root system of the trees in that area is now spread out among several mature trees. What is left for us 10 see are the remains of lessons of the past. I have heard of people finding crystals and unusual rocks under these spiral-trunked trees, but 1 personally prefer not to disturb these trees which are, of course, still den trees. 1.,lnter, 1992-93 Even more poignant, arc the trees which are still living, still sprouting even when 1he heartwood is gone, and sometimes when nothing is left but half a hollow trunk. 1 consider 1hese to be medicine 1rees, or healing trees. These arc easy trees to step into, to put one's belly against the sapwood and release fears and sorrows. l have fell no particular grief within these trees. They are very noble. They have a breadth of experience which embodies all of the transitions between life and death, fertility and decay. They have opened themselves up entirely 10 the erosion of the weather and 10 causal examinauon or their internal processes. They continue life even wuhin the process of decay. Healthy, live trees also teach us about times of transition. Double-trunked trees which have grown 1ogether embody many qualities of duali1y. separateness. and blending. The sweet birch is a good example of this. The bark of the young sweet birch is smooth but becomes scaly and rougher with age. A double-trunked swee1 birch, which has one smooth trunk and one rough trunk, may appear to be one tree but is actually two trees of the same species at different ages of growth. This phenomenon of the double- trunked tree 1s even more obvious when trees of different species sprou1 at the same time, seed next to seed. It is common to see trees which have one character, one predominwn shape, yet which are combinations of beech and hemlock, for instance, or ironwood and maple. These are wonderful teacher trees. By studying t'he qualities of the two worlds, the crossroads of separate species, we can recognize ourselves at a crossroads and gain insight into ways of growing gracefully as individuals into the oneness of the greater vision of Iife. Trees have their own cycles and reasons for being that have nothing 10 do with humanity, yet we have intruded into the natural processes 10 such an elttont that O"Ces may not survive without our intervention. I think it is very possible that a time v.ill come when we will garden trees to keep a species alive just os we now garden vegetables. Until that time tllere is still the chance 10 persuade the ,,ild trees to prolong their lives, 10 keep the forest vibrant, happy, and healthy so that our children and our children's children can learn from the trees. We can do this by entering into the realms of nature with /;;!I' humility and genuine gratitude. fr Dr•wing by Pegi �. ./4 "The Serpent and The 1 J f I ,, .,__ / / / \ ,,'.~ In thls joyful compendium of woodslore, ancient legends, humorous !ales, and perceptive insights, Doug Ellion opens our eyes to the world of planes and animals and !he many ways of rediscovering our natural heritage. Wi!h !he easy voice of a storyteller, he shows how nature provides all our needs • not only food, clothing and shelter, but also the spiritual truths that can enrich and transform our lives. In !he pages of Wildwood.s Wisdom you'll view nature through !he eyes of many people from different walks of life, some who embody ancient wisdom, others with sc1cnufic knowledge, and still others who have been touched deeply by an encounter with !he natural world. You'll hang out with • Native Americans, Appalachian mountain folk. and biologists. And you11 hear stories of Pentecostal snake handlers, hoodoo root doctors, possum breeders, and even a New York stockbrocker, to Doug Elliott also adventures - hitchhikir sketching along the Re capturing snakes, colic walking softly in the b expound on plants and small with enthusiasm "This book is abl exploring, and dwellin of an ecosystem 1eemi1 and change. It is about dwelling place within , we interact with the en world at large." The be illusmued with over 01 by the author. Wildwo journey of awakening, world we may not ofte are forever joined. Doug Elliott is a �Egg" and Other Tales ... >name a few. o draws on his own ing across the country, :ocky Mountains, leering folklore, and backcountry - to d creatures great and ri and witty reverence. JOUt being home, about ng oo the earth as pan ing with life and death 11 finding that sacred 1OUllClvcs, from where nvironmcnt and the >OOK i~ abo beautifully ,ne hundred drawings ood1 Wisdom is a :, of being at home in a en sec but to which we 1 naturalist, herbalist, storyteller, and wildlife anist who has been ranging woods and waters since childhood. For the past decade he has lectured, conducted workshops, and performed storytelling in concert with various organizations including the American Museum of Natural History and the Smithsonian rnstitution. Doug is also the author of Roots: An Underground Botany and Forager's Guide. He lives with his wife, Yanna, on a homei;tead in Kaulah Province, Rutherford County, North Carolina. To order Wildwoods Wisdom send $22.95 pl1Ls $2.00 shipping to: Paragon /louse; 90 Fifth Avenue; New York, NY 100/ l. To receive a listing of Doug's activities in your area you can contact /um 01: Rt. 1, Box 388; Union Mills, NC 28167 Drawings by Doug l!lliou �1• " ARSON! "I ,t",,t N.nnl World News Savic.: ArsoniSLs suuclc the Hennes.sec Hardwood Company of Franklin, NC early on the morning cl November 30, 1992. setting IWO foes that did more than SS0,000 damage and woonding owner Jack Hennes.~ee in an exch:inge of gunfire. The action was apparcnlly to discourage the logging comp:iny from carrying 0111 a contraCt on the Rich Mounuun umber sale m the Highl:inds Ranger Dl5Ulct of the Namahala National Forest. This was only the la~t in sabotage actions agrunst the Ilcnnessee Company during 1992: vandals dLo;ablcd equipment belonging 10 the company and nn indcpcndcnt su!KontraCtor while Hcnncssce was working the Rich Mountain sale last winter, and the Hennessee office was the target of vandaJig-n earlier in the month or November. In response 10 a threatening leticr, Jack Hennessee. the owner of the company, was keeping watch on the plant on the night or Sunday, November 29. He said lhat after dozing he awoke ai 4 a.m. the following morning to find that a large floodlight overlooking the mill was ouL He went oulSide IO check on the situation and saw that a 100tshed in !he debarlcing section of the plant was on fire. According to Hennessee, he saw what appeared to be a person runn111g around the comer of the shed. He fll'Cd on the person with a handgun. Al lhe same time he saw another fire flaring up ne:uby m the plant's chipping operation. At lhat moment he heard two shots and was knocked to the ground. When he roused himself later on, Hennes.sec called lhe county sherilrs department and lhe ambulance. At the hospital he ICM!ed he had been suuck by a bullet, which passed through lhe flesh of tus back, not wounding hun seriously. Hennessee is convinced that the attack was motivated by opposition 10 the company's logging the Rich Mountain Timber Sale, which 1s divided mto 15 units scauered arowid the town of Highlands in Macon County. Other actions against the company have been din,cu:d specifically against that timber operation. In a widely-publicil.cd incident during February of 1992, saboteurs tore the~ and cut hydraulic lines on skiddersand looders belonging 10 Hennessee that were parked m the Buck Creek area of the Rich Mountain umber sale. On lhe night of November 13, 1992 vandals cnlCl'Cd the Hennessee Company omces through an open back door, dumped drawers and files on the Door about the room. painted slogans Wee "Clcarcuuing Ba.~wds" and "You11 Never Cut Rieh Mountain" on the office walls. A drink machine was broken, and a smaJJ pis10I was also stolen from 11 desk drawer. One week lalllr, Hcnnc.=e emplnyu_~. on doing a routine check before morning sl3Jl-up, found th.11 someone had attempted 10 sabotage the chipper by putting a large p,pe wrench down the mouth of lhc machine where it would have done extcn\1ve damlgc to the blades. ll1en.on Fnday, November 27. 1992, Hcnnesscc h3d received an unsigned letter at the company offices staung that "the end is near." This was what prompr.cd him 10 set a watch on the plnnt and ll1e North Carohnn State Bwcau of fnvcstign1ion is assisting the Mncon County Sheriff's Department 111 the mvcsugation of the recent lll'SOn. OfflCCrS said that mal.Crials had been sent 10 Raleigh for annlysis, 001 that it was too C3rly in the mves1ig;ition 10 say anything about iL, progress. ~tuah Joumat· PmJ" 20 TRYING cmCUMSTANCES FOR CHAMPION Na1ural World News Sarvicc APPEALS UPHELD Nlllnl World News Sovicc In September, 1992, the US Congiess voccd 111 favor of a bill supponing the nghLof the public to appeal Forest Service timber sales. When it was signed by the prcsiden1 Im.ct in the fall. the legislation became law. Some were worried lhat pr0visioos added by Sen. Larry Craig (R-ID) would unduly tle the hands of citizens. According to Peter Kirby, Southeast Regional Director of the Wilderness Society, most, but not all, or the problems with the btU have been resolved. Congress has added a section from Sen. Wyche Fowler's (D-GA) earlier measure that requires the Fores1 Service 10 inform the public about proposed actions and provide specific opporwnilics for commenung. In addition, ciw.ens still have 45 days in which to appeal. llOl 30 days as had been proposed in the Craig bill. The bill does add some new restrictions to the right to appeal, however. The Forest Service will only allow persons 10 appeal ifwriucn or oral commentS arc submmcd on the proposed action, or if the Forest Service is notified about the per.;on's mrcrcst in the activlly. The FOi'est Service will only be given 45 days to review an appeal, 001 100 days, as currently allowed. tr the Forest Service does not make a decision with111 45 days, the original decision will stand. Dissatisfied panics will then have lO talce the Forest Service to court or take Lo the uces. REAL BARTERING Nanni World News Scrvia: The Alarka Laurel saga continue.~. The 2,000 acre trael, which cootains a rare spruce bog and a scenic wa1erfall, was 10 be pun:hased by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission a~ a game refuge, bU1 lhc shifting winds of stale policies changed lha1 arrangcmcnL • The latest proposal is a bnd swap between the TruM for Pubhc Land (TPt.) and the US Forest Service, F ~ Supemsor Bjorn Dahl hlls proposed thal Al:u-ka Laurel be tmdcd for a t .SOO acre uac1 on Fontaf13 Lake. which would then be made available for priv:ue lkvelopmcnL The TPL 8"0!JP 1s agJcc.ible, and the Swam Coun1y Colnmiss10ncn; seem lO favor the idea. Appro,'DI by Swam County re.~idcnts hlls been a major stumbling block in resolving the fate or the Alarlca Laurel tracL Ncgoumions may be ex1cnclcd, and 1he arrangement would requuc a public hearing, which may be held in Bl)·son City as early as December, 1992, although the date was not available when this issue went lO press. A lawsuit brought against Champion Intemauonal Corporation by seven frunilies ftling on behalf of2.600 homeowners on the Pigeon River and Douglas Lake in Tennessee ended in a mi51rial on October 16, 1992 oficr one month of testimony before the US District coun in Greeneville, TN. The plaintiffs soughl S3.9 million m compens:tlion and S365 million in punitive damages for a decline in the value of their wau:rside propcnies allributable 10 the presence of the highly toxic chemical dioxin, which is produced m the chlorine bleaching process used by Champion in the papcmuwng operations at its Can10n. NC mill. Although the jury was hung on conflicting claims of the virulence of dioxin presenlCd by witnesses called by the plaintiffs and by Champion Corporation, the trial made public unponant infonnation abou1 the company and the way it doe~ business. One willlCSS called lO the stand was retired US Navy Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, who ordclCd the release of Agent Orange, a dioxin-laden defoliant, dunng the war in Vietnam. Zumwal1 told how his son was killed by diseases conU'IICtcd from e,qiosure 10 the herbicide. Knowing whal we do aboul dioxin, said Zumwalt, "it is not only unethical. but reprehensible" for the paper indUSIJ'y to continue 10 produce the cancer-causing c:hemieal. Al Smith, a rcured deputy director of the Environmental Protection Agency who worked closely with the Champion permitting process in 1987-88, also testified for the plaintiffs. He contended against consiant objections by defense auomeys for 90 minu1CS on the stand as he tried 10 tell in detail how Champion staged an elaborate campaign 10 manipulate public opinion on the issue of the Canton mill's operating permiL He said that he was convinced that Champion's threal to lay off 2,000 workers from the Canton mill for environmental reasons was "a ploy." Attomeys for the plaintiffs also introduced 11 memo from an executive with the Price-McNabb Advertising Company of Asheville, whicll was hired as a consultant for Champion's media campaign. The memo directed that Champion spokespeople should debate the permit "in a manner that tires the puhlic and the media of the ISSue." Phillip NC31, a rewed eng1IIC(I', added creditability to the clnim put forth by environmentalists that Champion was holding the area "economic hostage· to win its way m the permit ballle. During the permit dispute, Oliver Blackwell. then manager of the Canton mill, Slllr.cd rcpe31Cdly that ll was "technologically unfeasible" for the company to meet stale water color rcqu11emcnts. Neal 1esufied tha1 during the same period the company had held a patent on a proces.~ he had designed 10 remove color from the waia. The proce.s~ wa.~ ne,·cr alluded 10 anJ never used, Neal said. In the closing days of the tn31 a real esmte appraiser stated that the threat of dioxin h.ld adv~y affected land price.~ around the lake. S11ll the jury could not reach a clear decision. The plaintiffs declared emphatically thnt the lawsu11 will be brought to trial again. 1Ji1i.t~r, ,1992>"93 �BOISE CASCADE: "THE PUBLIC BE DAMNED! Narural World New, Service Boise Cascade Corporation. one of lhe companies proposing to build chip mill opua1.1ons that would denude foresllands in soulhea.s1m1 Tenne.~. has declared lhat it will proceed with its consu-uction vlans without waiting for a ~hipping pennit required by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). If they do not receive a barge permit, the timber giant would send the chips to port overland by truck instead of on the river. Because or overwhelming opposition to the dcstrucuve chip mills eitpre.ssed at public bearings, TV A has been "leaning against" offering the permits to the chip mills (see KaJuah Journal 1136). Boise Cascade has put off construction uni.ii January, and environmentalists are wondering if their move is nOl a bluff designed lO force TV A's hand. Local activist Bob Mitchell of the Tennessee Valley Hardwood Alliance was quoc.ed in the Chananoogo Times as saying, "They think that if they go in and destroy the beauty along the river ahead or time, there won't be anything lO argue abouL The whole region is against these people, and it's going lO be a continuous media event if they try to come in hero. "Even 1f it is a bluff, they will have destroyed that section of the river." The local group Tennessans, Gcorgit111s, ond Alabamans for Environmental Responsibility (fAGER), which came together over the chip mill issue, has raised the possibility of calling a national boycou of Boise Cascade if the corporation proceeds with its construetion plans. That decision, too, is on hold until Boise Cascade makes its intentions clC3l'. ART ROWE v. FREE SPEECH NIIIUnl Wedd News Service It seems that the Forest Service has been gerung testy about its image lately. Earlier this year, the Daniel Boone National Forest wrote threatening letters to activists, falsely claiming that the display or Smokey the Bear caricatures was illegal. Recently, Paul Myer.;, a member of the environmental group SoothPAW, attempted lO distribute a mer to visiior.i at the offices of the Pisgah Ranger District and posted a copy on the public bulletin bo:ird. The flier simply asks readers to comment on the draft amendments to the Pisgah/Nantahala management pion before December 16. ltencoumges support for formulating a plan alternative that protcets the Pisgah/Nantahala National Fore.sis as naturally functioning ccosyStems. makes ecological restoration a primary go31, and ends ta~payer-subsidiu:d logging on these public rorests. When Myers discovered that Dislricl Ranger Arl Rowe had taken down the flier, he contacted the district ranger, asking whal he needed io do to post and/Or distribute the Dier. Rowe advised Myers against even distributing the flier, saying that he was "not sure if there is any appropriate authormu.ion" and that "there are rules a.~ to what can and can't be distributed.· Recent coun cases do not suppon Lhis position. Alier the Foresl Service tried to censor signs in the wc.~tcm US. the Department of AgriculbJJC baned the Forest Service from interfering with the right of free speech. The Forest Service could only specify where the distributors could go. and even then, only when there was a clear danger to public safety. Fortst Wateh, a publication or'Cascade Holistic Economic Consul1811ts, observes that the Forest Service typically discourages activities that cast it in a poor light II uses intimidolion when this ploy docs DOl work. Myers believes that Art Rowe is uying to delay distribution of the SoulhPAW fliers until after the deadline for public comment on the plan amendment Stnd fellers on the Forest Plan to: SowhPAW; 3 CI/JXlcm Pl.; Aihe vi/It, NC 28801. They will be prtunttd to the Forest Suvict by December 16. GEORGIA EXPANDS LIST Nanni World News Service Georgia has added 135 species to the 79 species currently proc.ectcd under its suue endangered species acL The upandcd list includes a large number of threatened and endangered planis, birds, and mussels native lO the Appalachians, including the monkey-face orchid (PlaJanthera inlegrilabia), a rare plnnt found near wetlands. The list was expanded in sp11c of objections by a lobbyist for Sea Island n:oort, Union Camp Corporauon, and Georgia-Pacific Corporauon who claimed that the additions would interfere with priv:uc property rights. The Georgia Department ofNawral Rcsoun:cs did not find this claim plau.~iblc: the Georgia endangered species act applies only lO statc~ed lands and federnl lands managed through coopcmuvc agreements with the Sllllc. In addition, national forests typically protect state listed species under a "protcetcd" or "sensitive" species de..~gnation. (c:onlinuod on page 29) For more informo.tion or 10 help fig hi 1/te chip mills, contact TAGER: Box 764: Sowh Pi11sburg, TN 37380 SHOW SOME IMPROVEMENT Nawnl World New, Service North Carolinians are hoping that recent Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) hearings will be a springboard for saner uanspon.ation policy. Members of the newly formed NC Allillnce for Transportation Reform spoke at the hearings for the fina time, advocating a switch to lJ'lUns, buses, van pools, bicycles, 1111d foot-power. At a hearing in Morganion. member.; or the group chided the NC Department of Transportation for focusing single-mindedly on new rood construction while ignoring alternative transpOl'1lltion, better planning, maintennnce of exisung roads, nnd other mOfC cost-effective systems. They cited othct serious costs associated with rood-building, such as declines in wildlife populations and air quality. WNC Alliance Transportation Task Force member Jim Barnes, who came to speak against four-lamng portions of U.S. 221, noted tha1 the NC DOT seemed lO be acting on its own narrow pohucal agenda more than on the public's behalf. Barnes, a com bot veieran, quoted a swement by Secretary of Transportatioo Thomas Harrelsoo that implied that people wocking for transponation rcfOITll were pan or the "CCCP" (Russian communists) and told DOT lO stop the auacks. ~- ....,i ,./r.t_,,.,._ ......... ·~·...· ~ CLEARCUTS in Crandfoth<:r Ranger Obtnct Pi~g;th N•lt0Ml Fol'\'!\t 1967-1992 • • ~IS _ ... Wa1t-r,htrd-,. - - -Watrrway, --r,,g.i.o.w.s...., - , COUJ1171.J,,oo «:. _ _ US....,_~..._.,,__,,.,,,..,,lltrp•u-'""&MM-111,.._,111,,-, . ,.....__,t._&,__..W'ftt._Mll ... lWa. Send wrillen comments on tM TIP 10: Thomas llarrefson, Secretary ofTransP«tmion; J/ighway Building: 1 S. Wilmington St.; Rakigh, NC 2761 l To become a 1ranspona1ion reformer, write: NC AtlitJ11Cefor Transpor101ion Reform: P.O. Box 1002: Chapel Iii/I, NC 27514 ,,.,inter-, 1992,..93 This map was produced for the Foothills Environmental Alliance (FEA) by Rob Messick to document the extent of clearcutting on the "Grnndfathcr Ranger Desert" in the Ptsgllh N11tional ForesL The Allmnce i.1 calling for an end io clearcutting on public lands in lhe diwict, saying thal. so many acres have already been logged that the cumulative effects of so much cutting have affected the area as a whole. Fore.st Service Ranger Mike Anderson has refused to meet with the FEA, so lhe group ha.~ taken their map and their appeal to the media and the public. �MANDALAS by Rob Messick �Michael Thompson was raised in Kentucky and Indiana. His formal education was at Eastern Kentucky University and the University of Tennessee. Michael started his artistic career as a porcelain artist; his porcelain pieces are in many states and several countries. His pen and ink works have been published in Kat11ah Journal and Appalachian Heritage. He has illustrated several booklets and one book. He now lives in Berea, Kentucky where he works in aniques and porcelain restoration. !Ji.nter ,' 1992-93 �POEMS The sun of my mind rises Nourishing and encouraging The growing branches of my heart's wisdom With an enlightened mind And a heart as strong As an old oak tree My body can face the wind And call to joy. The View from Hawk's Nest Pegl 'Tire world's longest steel, arch bridge with a single span of 1700 feet opened on Oct. 22, 1977, as an integral part of West Virginia's interstate system." - from a post card text When the aliens came, they couldn't seem to stand it; They looked at it, some of them even admired it; Had said: "Overthere shall be a sanctuary for Whomever"? The huge gorge, the swift-running river below, the long ages of slow carving; Instead, they ran roughshod right over the canyon; But then they had to get somewhere else; So they spun long strands of steel, and spanned the chasm; they straddled it. What if, standing here for the first time, seeing it, they had decided instead to stop? Had said: ''No, this is it, we go no farther, this edge will suffice"? Had said: "No, what is over there will be theirs who have it"? (Mostly deer, sun-motUed trees, and rhododendron;) Had said: "Let that be the Overthere where we celebrate our restraint"? Xatimh Journot pngc 24 In hardly more than an instant they bridged all that had taken the water forever to open up; And hurriedly went on their way scurrying evermore west to the Earth's end; Then, lo, one particular day, they came back; "Bridge Day," they called it; They dangled ropes down and climbed up it; they put parachutes on and jumped off it; they raced their motorcycles over u; they laughed and then picnicked upon it; 'Once each year we'll come again and mock this gorge," they said; "Once each year we'll have 'Bridge Day'." by Gerald George l,.lu1 trr. 1992- 93 �... . . •. ... ... ~. .......................•.. .. ··•..... l.Jtnu r , 1992-93 . . .. . .. .. . .;~ �DRUMMING Ocnr Kataali, Hey Rob • way 10 go. Looks like you got your anal complex in ncwsprinL Most folks just pu1 it on 1hc outhouse wall or I.ell bath.room jokes to their friends. 111 bel you've grossed ouI half of Kauiah Province. P.Winklor Hickory.NC Ocnr Karuah, Re: lhe "CMOOn" in the Fall '92 Kauiah. "the b10-movcmcnt.•. it's as slow as a bowel movcmcnL• • now CRUDE I not lO mention inaccurate (rm sorry to learn Mr. Messick is constipatcd, but please SJXITC us, your readers, this kind of knowledge in your last 3 h.~c.~). Un<:igncd Charlouc. NC • Reply: Than! you for your commtnt.r. I suppou you tw0 think that art should ncvtr be ojftnsiw:. I don't agree with that. Man) comics and artists use the irracioMI 10 get a pomt acros.r. They also play with taboo sub;ects rtgularly. FrtJ/lltly I have mtt too many tnvirollflll!ntalists who haw: diffic11/ty laughing 01 tht:mstlvts. In the Fall, /991 issuto/Kat~nh Wt" pla}'l!d with tht sumingly sacrosanct KatuahJournaJ logo and it becamt Granola Journal/or this vuy reason Why is it that the sense of humor is among the most controversial of human pursuits? The "Ka1'1ah Ko,rfu.sion~ comic in isslll! 36 hod a play on words that was IIOl =ant to be 1~11 this seriously. I/you would liu to see m()Tt: ufmy 'anal comp/a' please re/t:r 10 Katuah Journal issut 1112 (Summn- 1986) 111 an article t!nlitled "The Sacred Sca,ab"for which I cartooned idtas the Kauiah edito~ hod aboui scarab beet/ts raking care of the sort of miff )'OIi fuul III ou1l,ouses. 1/appy body funcnons! · RM De.u-Katuah, I was inl.CrCSICd to read the review of Kattiah iffl!e #34 in lhc latesl issue of Anarchy mnga.,me. 1lle mrun reason I've written is bccnu.w rm fa1tly heavily involved with lhe UK Earth First! nelwork and am presently beginning 10 compile an nnicle on the Iheme of·Rcfon:sting the Eanh." My intent in producing this article for the UK Emth F'l/'SlJ magll7.ine called Wild is: I) Because a (X)lll~ve n:fon:stmion drive would go a long way to mitigaung many of the disasuous side cffeCLS.of our presenl way of life (who knows, it could even ushet m a ocw "modem primitive• golden age, and talce lhc l)fCSSW\l off our animal brothers and sisterS). 2) It means that us radical c:nvironmentaliStS can be proactive rather lhan reactive • seuing our own agenda rather than always decrying "theirs.• lt is not enough jUSl lO oppose.. A pc)Siti ve vision o( ours acts as a binding force and gives us something 10 strive for mthcr lhan fight agrunsL 3) Living in lhe United Kingdom I yearn for a wilderness, an unn:gulaled expanse. Seeing an American wilderness (of a kind) - Yosemite· had a profound cffCCl on me. XAt6bh. )outnat page 26 4) The planting of U'CCS seems 10 me lO be very life-affuming - a way 10 give somelhing back (or "pay the rent," as US EF! people say). It is a way to create something rather lhan prevent something rrom being desaoyed. I see lhc article as having two secLJons. 1lle fu;t will cover and promoli: groups already engngcd m reforestation - e.g. Trees for Life. Scottish Tree Trust, Sacred Tree Trust, Reforesting Scotland in lhe UK. Gccen Bell in Kenya. Si-A-Paz in Nie4ragua, clC. The second will promote the idea of a uec-based life itself and ex:imine lhc pr05pCCts for tl1is THE. LAST~F~~ l<ATUANS Dear Kataali, My deepest thanks 10 all of you for Ka16uh Journal. It was really good reading, and rm sorry nex1 summer it will be all over. Please, jf You plan 10 publish Katuah again in the future, or any other journal or books. le! me know. Good Luck To All of You, Giuseppe Moretti Man10va. l181y Dear Katuah, We are two historians Crom Austria. For about 1en years we worlt and publish on new spiritual and alcem:itive movements. At the same time we are p:in of lhese movements by ourselves. We are both acLJve in lhc non-prol'it association "For the Earth, for Life/Working Circle Hopi. Auslri3" which suppons traditional lnduln issues and promou:.s spiritual practices in the: Gennan-spcalcing an:a. After the decline of communism in Eastern Europe there is an increasing 1endcncy toward a new regionalism throughout lhc continent. We con5idcr the bioregionaJ,sm a~ a very tn!Cl'Cs.tmg alternative to the estabhshcd stau:-sysiem. We want lO inronn the public rn the German-speaking coonincs by means of sc1cn1ilic work about biorcgionalism which b unknown in Europe. So we request your help by sending us information material on your specific work and acuviucs, and by answering the following questions: • Is your vision of bioregionalism connected with an egaliianan, hierarchical, or other order of society? (which) • Arc foreign people wekome in bioregional areas or is it the aim of bioregionahsm that pc,ople 01 foreign cullll/'U - e11cluded? •There is a big con~uon of biorcg1011al idea~ with Nauve Amcncans. ls there any coopcrall<>n and/or do you SUPJlOll Indian land rights struggles cu:.? We are looking fOfWlltd lo hearing from you. Sinc:crely Yours. Dr. &luard Gugcnbager Dr. Roman Schwcidlcnka A-8984 Kainisc:h 29 Austria, Europe Dear Katuah. I fll'St read Karuah JourMI boci wilh issue 1127. I luld ;ust finished 1wo year. with the Peace Corps in the Philil'fl111CS, and had rclWllcd home 10 Ellijay, GA 10 visit with my Dad. The arucle by Richard Lowenthal :ibo1.1t personal and plancwy healing blew me away. I remember I sat on lhe public bench in front of the Dallon, GA pos1 office and read lhc: article by Lisa Sarasohn about the belly. "If we are lO heal the Eanh, let us st.art as close to home as possible, let us Stan with the ponion of the Erulh which is our bodies.· Since I.hen our wife delivered our fll'Sl child. as a future social model as oovocated by the Such words wri11en by lots of d1ffcrcnl people over Movement for Compassionate Living. George these past few years It.we helped me so much. Mostly French, permaculturists, and so on. I'm quiet, but I feel reassurance m knowing thal Your publication sounded like ii would be others feel things like me. worth reading in n:la!Jon lO this article. If you know What's most imponant for y'all publishing 1hc of any Cun.her relevant matuial, such as lhal I have journal 1s your own healths. Maybe if the journal is outlined above, I'd be very grateful 10 hear from you. diffic:ull to pull iogether using just volunteer input, Youn Sincerely, we could increase our yearly subscnplion to say Dominic Franklin twenty-Ii ve dollars, and then have a small stipend for Brighton,UK lhe core members of the SUlff. I think that Ka1uah semis out a really powetful voice, and I think lhlll ,n times 10 come we'll sec more and more people looking ror such a voice in lhelf search for lhclf place in this Great Life. In appreciation, Scou Richardson Baguio City, Philippines Drawing by Dous Ellioct JJi.ntei. 1992-~ �Dear Kan1ah, ...... ... ..r _; ~-· ... . .... I '·· ·-' (\ : ,fl., ... .. ,• ....~ ··· /-.: i·.. • ) _.: .... ~ \ ·.... ·.......... c::::~ Dear Katuah, 1 ••···: ·--.... l ! ~ { .-:;::> '·-.... ........ ·, ..........··......... ··--...· ILL MISS YOU! BIGTIME With Love, Peace, and Hope for the Future, HalWlllSOn M:ith The Noturt Con.m-wincy Minneapolis. MN _. Thanks C« all your work. We love Katuah Journal and will miss you! The Magic Fac10ry Rome.GA DcarKatuah, lwassoodcnedbytheannoonccmentto discontinue publication of Katuah Journal. Your contnl>ution lO bioregional awan:ncss and thinking has reached beyond K.alliah. The mspuation the joomal has provided for me will be missed• The best to all of you, Tom Hawkins Ravenna.OH Dear Ka1uah, So SrKry to hear you all are ceasing publication • this truly is tht btst biortgional journal in the country! Dear Kataah, Dear Katuah. We recently came to North Carolina to camp in the Sunburst area of Pisgah National Forest. We were there for a weelc and had an opportwlity to visit Cherokee, NC. On the way into the city we passed an interesting edifice which turned out to be Native Traditions, the non-profit organization which suppons experiential education for youth. We wmed in because I thought it was a herb shop and I have a great interest in herbs. (If you know the store perhaps you will understand my mistake.) I was delighted with the enterpnse, even though it wasn't a herb store. My two boys and I were fascinated with the items oCfered frK sale, along with the lending library and Sequoyah Trueblood's concept. While paying ror two crystals the boys had selected. I spotted a C-Opy of Ka111ah Journal on a nearby uibtc. I reached frK a copy 10 add 10 the purchase thinking it was a Cherokee local newsletter and that it would be intem.ting 10 road. The young Indy at the counter would take no payment for ill J wn.~ further impres.,;oo! However I was even more impressed when I finished reading that summer 1992 issue! So impressed that I would like lO ~ubscribe. I subscn'bc to Circlt Ntrworlc News from Wisconsin, Mymcal Realms"from Briton, nnd \Vild and Wudy from ldaho. Thi.~ Katuah Journal is a good counter JlOlnl . I enjoyed it! Thanks again , C. L. Mahoney Ros.~ford, OH "Now is tht Season of Dying Tht Long Dark Night A'bornin' Bui sh.hh! Usttn... The Trus Stand Tall A'gin the Bi11u Wind Awaitm' tht warm glqwA' Morniri'." DearKatuah, Your publicauon 1s right on targeL To me. ltving close to the L'l.lld is the most imponant thing we can do. I am glad 10 send you $50.00 for ALL of your remaining back l~sues. They will become a valued pan of my library as I learn to live hannoniously with my biacgion - The Mississippi River Delta. Long Live the E.arth, George Nctwcrlccr New Orleans, LA (The Forest's W/lll'ERSONG) I was saddened by your news. The passing of an important piece of all our lives - but I'm glad to have known and been a pan of Katuah for the time I was. Peace, Fran Freudcnbcrgcr Hendersonville. NC Thankyou, Dana Vandcr Els Winooski, VT Dear Katuah. Sad news indeed! Have you considered trying to get some foundation in the region to underwrite three years of an editor's salary rK wha1evcr expense is most critical? Send two copies of Katuah Journal with your proposal, and who knows, it might w«k. The Dirtctory of Foundalions is probably available at you local library. Keep Katuah Afloat! Ken Morrison Babson Park. FL Dear Ka1uah. Dear Katuah, Sorry 10 hear about KDluah's ceasing pubIic31ion. A line J()umal which will be hasd to top. I wish all of you well and thank you frK your years of service to the people of the province and the rest of us lucky enough IO come across iL Regard.~ Onwings by Rob Messick LccMcm:r Baltimore, MD Although l did expect it sooner or later I still hoped 1wouldn't sec the ad on Page 34 Fall '92 saying good-bye. It was through Katuah Journal that I rully wised up 10 natural resources • the w:iy they were, arc. and can be again - and I can't po~bly thank you all enough for that , At least you arc going out with dignity, aware that you did reach a lot o f ~ with your message of hope, expressed so beautifully in your "Statement of Purpose." It is my hope that you can, in the foreseeable future, once again send II voice. •• if not. you have accomplished much anyhow. In closing, for th,: benefit of anyone who IS interested in gaming good insight mto just how esscnual lltCS arc to human life, and how wonderous they an: up close, may I sugg~ a book cnlltlcd rhir Green World written in 1942 by Rutherford Plan. in reprint now through Dodd. Mead, and Company. Mr. Plait undcrnood ucts, and his love for them shows through. Though an amrueur Mtumlist. hi5 knowledge SUrplSSCd many "eitpertS" and This Grun World e:imed him the Burroughs Awanl as the year's forcmosi literary worlt in nature writing. I urge folks 10 get this book, if no others. (continllCd on ne,,1 P"&e) XA~,Jin.m9':, ~~. �Dear Katualt, It m:ilccs me snd 10 think about Kaluoh Journal being put to sleep! Fondly, B31tara Wickersham Knoxville, TN (continued from pa;;c 27) Again, lhank you :ill ror guidance when I mo5t needed n worthwhile dinx:llon an life • II won't be forg01ten ..• P.S, - I'd like 10 extend a "good day!" IO S:tm Booher, 'l'hcthcr he i, or isn't rcl31Cd lO the B«>hcrs in £ar Eastern Tennessee. A brother manicd into that clan fnr a while. Keep lhe Path, Jclfl.achary Dear Kllluoh, Thanks for all your good work through the years. Katualt has been 311 inspiration! Pcac:e and Slmhinc, Bob Fairchild E:l.slCmKenwcky Appropriate Technologies Oe.,r Kllluah, I nm oorry lO discover your journal jUSl as it is about IO cease publication. I am currently a graduate student in Foresuy a1 Notth Carolina S131e University. I hope to S1Jlr1 a homestead in the North Carolina Appalachian Mountains soon. Pcrh3ps some day we will meet? Peace, DcnnisOwnond Raleigh.NC Oeat'Klllu,Jh, I am sorry to hear that you will be CC3Slng publiaillon... Katuah 1s a ftl!C joumal and it will be sorely missed! Jennifer Brownlie Gulf B=.c. FL Dc:it Kattlah, We nre sorry to hear about KatJiah Jour11i1I eea~ing publication. especially ~incc we~ recently 1hscovcroo )'OU • •a voice in the waldeme."-'1.• I would also lake to order a near complete sci of lxK le issues. Good luck ond thank you. Cyntlua Maddo~ and Ben C.ampbcll Gn:cnsbom. NC Xoti,ah Journni patJC 28 De:irKotiiah. Sorry 10 hear I.hat Katuoh Journal will stop publicution. Best Wish<:s for the future. Bartxua WhiLCner Salisbury. NC Dear Katualt. We am very sad to hear you will cease publishing Katuoh Journal, We look forward IO each issue. it always lirts our spiriii; ro tCad the ankles and poems. Good luck 10 you all in your future cndca\'Ol'S. Peace, Steve and Jo Knight Allanm,GA Dear Kat(wh, I'd Ii.kc 10 obtain a copy of lhc l:iiest issue of Katiiah JourNJI fcawriog rorcsis, wood woit. and wood workers. Heard that this might be your final issue. ll<>pe it's 1101 true. Every issue I've seen has been absolutely lop notch • mieresting, relevant, cullurally and biorcg.,onally enrich111g. Please say 11 ain·1 sol Thanks very much. OaveKahnn Full Circle Foresuy Gaiberville. CA D.:arKatualt, We are compilmg and editing a ·Good Wood' guide that lisis source.~ of suruinably-h:u'vc~tild wood. and produclS mruJe thereof Do you have any leads for producers in yOllr area that might be mlCl'C6ted? Also, our new ncwslcucr 1s coming 001 an a week or two· would you like LO uchange? We all were 1mpr-cs,;ed by your journal, and were sorry to hear you're closing down. Thanks, Ken lll~titu1c for Sustainable Fon:s1ry P.O. Box 1580 Redway, CA 95560 Pnnt by Laura Braolt Janun • agt II DearKatwh, Over the years I've wriucn about the U.S. Forest Service. May I inlJ'Oduce the Association of Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics (AFSEEE)? Among its members arc over 2,000 profcss1on:ils m the Forest Service. They am very upset with the polilici.iation of the U.S. Forest Scr.•ice wherein it no longer serves the best intcreslS or the public. Therefore they are sharing infonnalion to bring about reforms. He.re are quoc.ntions from information they have provided on how to save our National Forests from waste. "U.S. National Forests I) supply only 14% of U.S. wood producis 2) comprise only 8.5% or our country's land lllC3 3) contain SO~of rtffl3ining wildlife habitat in the U.S. 4) supply SO% of the cold-wrucr fisheries habitat in 1he U.S. S) provide abundant clean water and air 6) make up lhe I.isl remaining S% of our native forests in I.he conlinerual U.S. 7) and represent the la~t vestiges or functioning ccosysiems. critical for the preservation of remaining biological diva,;ity. These environr11Cnl:il value.~ eannoc be supplied anywhere else: they can only be found on our remaining public lands. The U.S. does 001 need more wood from the N;11ional f-orcs1s. Consider the following !.implc conservution and recychng ~ll'lllcgy. which would mon: 1han make up for lhecurrcnt 14% or wood products coming from U.S. National Forests: • Increasing the efficiency or our mills in the U.S. IO literally cul mare wood Crom each log. Technology aln::idy ovailnblc and being used in J:ipan would increase our "supply" a full 27%-. almost double what comes Crom National Forests. • Using mon: post-consumer recycled paper producis, making use of both sides of paper. reducing the use of di~lc paper producL~. and eliminating wood wa5te in lhc construction process. These steps m addiuon 10 mill efficiency would save us 50% of the trees we are cutting now • nearly four times the wood coming from National ForesL~. While AFSEEE is not necessarily advocating a halt to public lands devcloprl!Cnl and logging, we do advoe;ite a complete mor310nurn on any development of remaining roadless an::is or old growth. AFSEEE says unul we instJtutc a simple, rauonal conscrvuuon and recycling strategy, the public shOuld not have to give up the incredible cnvironmenllll values or our Notional Fore.,ts for a mere 14% of the wood prducL~ supply. Nor should we lose hundreds of m1lhons of our tax dollnrs m selling lhe heritage of our National Fore,, lands to tamber companies for lhesc unnCCCS'iaf)' wood producL,. • Oc:ir wise friend.,! Un51Crupulous Limber mtcre,L\ pn:,;cnUy conuol lhc admini~ll'lltion and Congreis and are quietly aucmpting to PG"-~ laws so tha1 they can loot our and our children's hcril!lgc. the b,1 rcinnining 5% or ancient forests. Subscribing to lnnrr Voiu (P.O. Box I 1615; Eugene, OR 97440) \\11l help ket'p you infonned. Our conccm:d western cousins need our help 10 save our ancient trees and the life tl1cy suppon. Congrcs~mcn who defer to such special unscrupulous mtcrc51., again~! the public good arc 1m:spoosiblc, de.~f\·ing or a hfe-long vacallon. :111d should be so informed politely. Won't you please help for the :sake of your grnnd.hlltlrcn? Yoo havi: the time and the means. Ancient tn:cs contJnuc to fall n~,ly. Z. Andrew Gerry FranJJan,NC lvint.cr, I qgz-93 I �(continued from page 21) BAD OPPORTUNITY TIMBER SALE APPEALED • BY INDUSTRY! Nllllnl World Nc,ws Sttvi« N•unl World News Set\<icc Following an order from lhe ccnuul office of lhe Southern Region of lhe US Forest ScN1ce. the Jefferson National Foresl has stopped issuing decision nouccs for Opponunity Areas (OAs). OAs average 7,600 acre.~ each on the Jefferson Under the old system, lhe Forest Service issued one-t,me decision notices for mosl ForesL Service ocuv111cs in 311 OA over a period of live or more ycru-s. Freed Crom the rcsLraintS of lhe old sySI.Cm, lhe Forc.~1 Service is planning a flurry or umber "3lcs. ll h:is begun using a rudimentary, nonbinding OA document lhat offers linle hope for expaod.ing nongame habiuu, special areas. or semiprimitivc recreational opportunities. Environmenial groups have nol been qwct., however. In October, represenialives of lhe CitilcrtS' Ta.~k Force for Foresl Management, the Appalachian Trail Conference, SoulhPAW, and the timber llldustry met with Ille Deputy Regional Forcsccr. Only lhe timber industry backed !he change. A second meeting is planned, lhis lime with Regional Forester John Alcock. The Cili,.ens' Tiwt Force ha. provided Alcock wilh a number of aises and materials on the OA system. The group has reminded him lha1 it was he who signed the f0test pl3n aficr lhe OA sysicm was worked OUL The Task Force argues lhat lhe OA system was designed 10 compensate for an otherwise deficient plan. Wilhout it, lhe Jefferson 1'ational FOfCSI is essentiBlly ·ptanless." and must begin opernting on imcrim guidelines until a satisfactory new plan is approved. To lhe nonh, !he George Washington National Forest has been operating on interim guidelines for several years. The C1tiicns· Ta.~ Force ha.~ enlistO<I lhe help of the Sou1hem Environmental Law Centec in preparing its If 1mit1tion is lhe sincetest form of noucry, then lhe Muluple Use Council JUSI /o~s Lhe region's environmental groups! ~timber industry advocacy group adopted an environmcnlalist iactic m Scpccmbcr, 1992 by entering an odmmistralive appcaJ wilh lhe US Forc.~1 SeN1cc on the Sugarhouse Cove limber sale. Sugarhouse Cove is in lhe Big Ivy area of nonh Buncombe County. Big Ivy IS known for us biolog1cal diversity and has been recommended 3S a biological reserve by a coalition of scientists and activists (Si:i!K01uahJourna/ #34). Ths substance of the induSLry appeal was an hi~1orical oulline or the Big Ivy area and a stand history of Lhe timber sale companmcnts. The h1~1orical oullinc went back JO J)IC-Columbian times and traced a history of human use up JO lhe present day. The comention or lhc appca) is lhat lhe umber sale should be expanded. The reasoning is that because there arc species of threatened pl.ants in Big Ivy and becaleiC much of Dig Ivy has experienced periodic human dislurbance, "lhe question might be raised" Ihm "site disturbance is necessary 10 lhcse plants and !he lack of site disuub:lnce may bar lheir recovery as a species." The obvious flaw in lhe logic of the appeal is 1h31 no cause-and-effect relationship is ~hown. Because there are lhrcatcned plant species in an area 1h31 experienced human disuu-bance does not mean lhnl the planlS arc dependent upon diSlurbancc. Much more prolxlble for species of native woodland plontS IS that they are continuing to exist in lhc area in spite of disuubances. The particular species in question were not named in lhc industry's appeal. If disturbance oncouraged lhrealClled plan15, lhc highly disturbed areas or human habilation all around lhc national forests would be rife wilh rare and endangered plant species. Unfonunately, this is not the case. Native species need nauve habitat.. which for the rare forest plantS is lhe old-growlh hardwood foresL For many speci.:s, the public lands are their los1 refuge, and i n ~ human use is lhreatening lheu last haven. Enlightening as is the dissertation on lhe history of the human use or the Big Ivy area, 11 in no way makes an across-the-board case that race plant~ require clcarcuis. case. For more in[ormarion. write: Citizens' Taslc Foret; 2753 Tanglewood Dr. SW; Roanoke, Va. 24018 ROADS CRISSCROSS PARKWAY Narura! World News Service It's lhe law! An obscure passage in !he 1989 North Carolina Highway Trust Fund Act bas cituens· groups and Blue Ridge Parlcway orrtcials worried. Tucked in among the other verbiage is a clause that requires the st:ite 10 rave all its roads - 17,000 miles wnhm IS y~. Fifty to 60 of lhese roads cross lhc Blue Ridge Parkway. When lhe Parkway wa.~ e~Lilbli!Jled as 11 nauonal park, the North Carolina and Virginia Dcpanments ofTran.,ponauoo (OOTs) n:ccived all nghtS of way foe inlefSCcung public roads. The Parkway administration is therefore Lrying to v.ork coopcrauvely w1lh lhe NC DOT. Accordmg to Ranger Jim Fox, lhc Patkway has an cxt.cnsive da1.1ba.o;c on rare plant communities and archaoological sues. It will urge DOT to avoid these are:is and to m.'lke changes whenever road plan~ CJlCOUl'3gc increased uuffte and high speed driving on the 1l3Jtway. Citi,cos groups arc also dismayed by the proposal. Paul Pritchard of the National Parks Md Conservation A~iation has exprcssoo concern about the project's potential to interfere wilh wildlife comdocs along the Parkway, In an Asheville Ciri1e11-Timn artlclc. he stated, "the moce we cut it up, lhe more difficult il is for nalllle to survive the acts of mon." lo>u1ter, 1992-93 OPEN SEASON ON COYOTE Natural World New. Serv,a, CO)'OIC 1, ptrSOfl(J flOfl grata in lhe Stale or North Carolina. The NC Wildlife Rcsoum:sCommis~ion 0.-/CWRC) has cl~ilied the coyoie as a •non-game wildlife specie.~· (hke a groundhog) and is proposing an open, urucstciclcd hunung = n on lhc wil>· canine. Since large nauvc preda10rs have been extcrmina1ed in lhe Sou1hcast. ll1crc has been an open niche in lhe area ecosystem, To fill Lha1 niche, the coy01e has migrated into Nonh Carolina from the wc~1 and has naturnli,cd itself in the Kaniah biorcgion and lhc wesiem piedmont Pockcis of coyoc.c i;culcment have also occurred 1n lhe caslCm part of the st.11e, probably as a rc~uh of human intrOduction. Coyotes arc opportunistic cau:rs. They are naturally prcda!Or'i, :ind will hunt animal~ as laq:e as deer down JO animals as small os rabbits, bird.~. rut.~, and mice. But coyoccs eat whatever is easiest JO find, which may perhaps be scavenged carrion or plant materials. They also will take domestic livC$tock - calvci;, turkeys. chickens, or pig.~. In doing so, lhcy rove run afoul of farmers, who ha\'C :i strong political VOICC. Whecc coyotes e.~lish lhemsclves, the red fox disappears - either outcompel.Cd or killed outright by lhe coyote. Foi1 hunters arc but a small part of the NCWRC con.~utucncy. but lhcy. 100, arc vocal and consti1u1e a strong lobbymg group for !heir aclivilie~. Thus an open season on lhis "undesirable alien." "Nobody believes lhnt lhe coyote population can be eradicated, but we don't want JO hinder anybody's cffons to conLrOI a specific situauon; says Peny Sumner of lhe NCWRC. The coyote may also have a damaging effect on nl!CmptS to reintroduce lhe red wolf, anolhec prcd:itor. The budget for red wolf remr.mduction includes money for indemni1ies to farmers who lose livestock lhrough red wolf predation. The small populations or red wolves presently loose III the wild are fairly easy IO moo11or. But if these populations grow, it will become more difficult to tell if a predation incident is caused by a wolf or a coyoie. Any pralation will lhen become "wolf predation" in lhe eyes of formers who will in~is1 on payment. "This could break lhe budget of the wolf progmm, • says Sumner, and could abort Lhc: whole reintroduction proje,cL TOO MANY DEER N&llltll World News Scrvia, In lhe late 1980s, eminent biologists William Alverson, Donald Waller, and Stephen Solheim reported lluu an overabundance of deer was damaguig ran: undcrsiory planlS in Pennsylvama. including some plants also found in lhe Southern Appalachians. Damaged plants were found even in the middle of a 4,07S acre virgin foresL Now a 1992N01ural A.rtas Journal on.icle by Sco11 Miller and Susan Brnuon documen~ lhc imrac1 of deer browsing on lhrealened and endangered pl.inLS across lhe United States. Based on a review of scientific literature on the \ubjcx:1 and interviews wilh 173 scientist..~. na1ural h~niage inventory bo1.0J11sts, Nature Conscrvoncy land stewanls, federal land resource managers, and US foh and Wildlife ci1pcns, Miller and Bratton compiled a list of 98 rare planl~ commonly disturbed by d<XC ovcrbrowsmg. The ~,udy found Lhat fedcrally lhre:itcned and cnd.mgcred plants like lhe Virgini:i round leaf bU'Ch, small-whorled pogonia, and swamp-pink are at ri~. Olhcc pfanl~ native JO Lhc Southern Appalachmn.s are affocled by deer as well: the list mcludcs over 40 Soulbem APJl31achian species IJlCluding spider-lily, gm,;cng, blazing star, Canada lily, Gray's lily, bog twaybladc, Appalachian 1woybladc, 1111d nonhcrn pitcher plont Miller and Brnuon llOIC Lhal deer populauons in many an:a1 are higbct than they have been hisl0rie31ly. They suggCSt that human disturbance, fragmentation. and a high proporuon of early suce. ~iOIUII gro"''lh are contributing 10 the problem. ... In addition, they nnc.1 that fragmentauon makes rare plant communities more a::ccssible to deer. �used cultum'struggling t6 be heard, Iather than being a pioneer on the fringes. Pathelic Art is not an expression of naive resignation, but an acknowledgement that irony, when you're getting gang-banged in an information orgy, is a pipe dream." Ceremonial chairlbcis 1/iie been for thousands of years by many cultures to provide a unifying force to help bond human beings together in a common spirit with shared values and attitudes. The rituals and ceremonies varied, but the basic principles of developing inner awareness and understanding of the Universe were similar. A oon-projir organiUllion called The Fo1111da1io11 For Earth's Ancestral Voices has been Ionned to work specifically on completing the Sound Chamber in Swannanoa, NC. The foundation is seeking donations in order to comp/ere construction of the dome. For more information write: The Foundalion For Earth's Ancestral Voices; 302 Old Fellowship Road; Swannanoa, NC 28778. - from Ralph Rugoff in tht catalog for a show in Los Angeles tilled "Just Palhdic. • Utne Reader, lpg 99) Noo/D« 1992 ~ SOUND CHAMBER IN SWANNANOA SEEKS HELP The World Peace/Sound Chamber being built at the Eanh Center in Swannanoa, NC is the eighteenth such chamber to be constructed. These chambers are scattered around the world in England, Sweden, New Zealand, Switzerland, Australia, Germany, Austria, France Finland, and the United States (in New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Connecticut, Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, New York, and Nonh Carolina). An unassuming man known as Joseph Rael or Beautiful Painted Arrow is the visionary father of these chambers. Pathetic Art Has Arrived "... although artists throughout history have been able to stand outside society, secure in their ability to define art and to offer social commentary, today they can fill no such vital role. Artists are more marginalized than ever - and these days, marginality means being trapped inside the media c.o~itlt. taoo~ CA.\'\.~ S ?066~ 1804 ~~bl.!:.~,tt.c . 2.8"7 l.5"' "The arc.1'$ oldest and large,;t natural foods grocery • Programs lo encourage self and Earth awareness, Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements WJ1eat, Salt & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes Hair & Skill Care Products Beer & Wine Making Supplies celebfotlon. ldnshp and hope. • Youlll Camps • School Programs • Family Camps· Teacher Training • Communery P,ograms • Camp 518/t Traln.,g • Ouldoor Program Consulting PO Box 1306 615-436-6203 whole earth grocery .,,..ka dda of Big Co.., of iradltloru and •Ing, 1bc Boow<-r Dana, Crttn Corn Dance and other, with drum and rank• WHERE THE RAVENS ROOS1 NATURAL MARKET WHOLE FOODS • BULK FOODS • VITAMINES • HERDS • FAT FREE FOODS • TAKE our FOODS . SNACKS . NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Blowing Rock Rd Boone, NC 28607 Xatuan Journ<it page 30 • NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVING 446 e.parkway craft center • suit~ 11 g;itlinburg. tcnncsscc 37738 615-436-6967 -r,; ~ ~ , "'~ 200 W. ~.ing St, Boone, NC 28607 GOHlnbt.rg, Temossoo 3n311 ~ Cherokee 1raJi1ional ,oni:, of Wallie, Calhoun Snrero, AS AN wrffM1>1NQ R)U( Rtco,u)jNI) ff T1U: UUAU o, co,:qun CAS<tTn ""° MoulJTAll< IIOOl!UT $ ll Clmu UNIVllUn'Y 1-IDITAG1c WEJ11XH CAAOUNA Cuuowm:r, NC 28723 (7~} 264-S220 TaDing ua,-es is I monlbly jow'na1 of deep ecology, 111SPiml persooaJ ac:11v1sm rooted in eanhea spnitualil)'. PU! iSSUC$ have feanwd art1clts by Gary Soyder, Statbawk, John Seed, Joaona Macy, Bill Devall, Looe Wolf Circles. Bartiara Mor, eic. Talhng UOW!S speaks for the oatural world aod for 1be rekindling of our own wild spu11. Subscriptions arc $18.00 one year/ $24.00 OUISide U.S. Tallci11g ua,-u 1430 W1tlamette 11367 Eu,aie, OR 97401 503/342-2974 Wtnter, 1992-93 �BOOK REVIEWS: Beyond the Beauty Strip: Saving What's Left of Our Forests - by Mitch Lansky This new book by Mitch Lansky has been touted as one of the most imponant books about the Stale of the environment since Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Mitch is a resident of Wytopillock, Maine who has become known as a "premier backwoods rebel" challenging many of'the accepted assertions about the timber and wood producl'> indusoies. His book presents clear facts about what has happened to the North Woods and considers the economic, political and social influences that have added to the serious ecological problems there. A major event that spurred the author into action occurcd in 1976 when he watched as planes dropped pesticides on his propeny. rle later sued the company responsible and sraned the citizens group called PEST {Protect our Environment from Sprayed Toxins). PEST was successful in regulating existing spray progams by introducing the use of compunds such as Bt and creating buffer zones. The group disbanded in 1988 after pesticide spraying programs ceased in Maine. Beyond tire Beauty Strip offers a hard look at the effeclS of industrial forest management and the results of "bottom-line" liquidations of forests so prevalent in the I 980's. Mitch has brought together convincing information that points to changes thut must happen in order for business. human communities, and the forests to find a sustainable relationship with one another. As a man who has done many kinds of work in the lumbering trade, and who has thoroughly researched forestry issues, this book is yet another log of evidence in the clarion call for sane forestry! bioregional circles: "Two monsterS have ruined agriculture and country life, as they have ruined cities and city life. These monsters are private speculative ownership of land and the centralized overuse of the factory." It is reassuring to know that the bioregional movement has such able predecessors. "The School of Living is an educational organization dedicated to teaming and teaching the philosophy, practices, and principles of living that are self-empowering for individuals within the general aim of establishing decentralized, ecologically sound, self-governed, and humane communities. All of its resources, but most specifically the land it holds in trust, arc held in responsible stewardship for present and future generations." This is the mission statement of the School of Living which is remarkably similar to the cuhural side of many bioregional statements. The bioregional movement has sought to blend the preservation of regional biodiversity with the maintenance of human cultural concerns while revealing the impacts these forces have on one another. This inherently antagonistic mix.cure has proven 10 be very difficuh to resolve. to say the least. and has in some ways overloaded the bioregional movement to the point where its very wholism is what makes it vulnerable to exclusion as a "fringe idea" by the general populace. No maner how much a good idea appeals to common sense, those seeking social and ecological justice are not in power, and often don't want to be. This book shows again that grassroots groups and individuals acting on their own conscience must continue 10 insist on justice if justice is to manifest in the world. - reviews by Rob Messick THE INST11lJTE FOR DEEP ECOLOGY EDUCATION otrww A 2-Week Summer School in APPUED DEEP ECOLOGY ~f.14,1993 Shet!M R . - C . - , Philo. C4 sn Reshaping Modern Culture: The Story of the School of living and Its FoU11dtr • by Mildred Jensen Loomis lolitt~r. 1992-93 For a listing ofbooks published by rhe School of Living, including Reshaping Modern Culture ($17.50 plus postage), write ro: School of Living; R.D. I, Box 185A; Cochranville, PA /9330 or call (215) 593-6988. This IS I/IUJnsive tramrng for scwtsts, educators. thersp,scs. and community organizers The program will offer sklll bu,fdmg in eco-psychology. restoration ecology. communrr:y mcervention. end new educational tech111ques for transform,ngenv,ronmenr.alvelues end behavior. Join With our diverse faculty m bndg,ng the "gep· between culture end nature, UI' ben end wild, soc,af 1usace end deep ecology. Order from: Tilbury llouse Publishers; The Boston Building; 132 Water S"eet; Gardiner, ME 04345 ($19.95 plus postage). In 1934 Ralph Borsodi founded the School of Living in southeastern Pennsylvania. It soon became a place where advocates ofself-surlicient living and land trusts came 10 work, :.tudy, and live. The author of the book Reshaping Modern Culrure, Mildred Loomis, joined the school soon after its inception and was a leader in work done there until her death in 1986. With a lively inlroduction from Hazel Henderson, this work gives a detailed description of the history of the School of Living and its founder, but it also serves as an inspiration for relative newcomers to decentralization principles in the bioregional movement. The following statement by Borsodi lc.ipt out at me as a confirmation of the same problems we have come up against in Ralph Borsodi wrote prolificly about the errors of modem industrial society, and his argumencs against it are perhaps even more relevant today than when they were first wriuen. Today the School of Living continues his work with projects in community land trusts, permaculture, geonomics, and alternative education, and production of their membership newsleucr Green Revolution. Facu/tymcfude: Joanna Macy, Bilf Devall, Randy Heyes, Elizabeth Roberts, Ed Grumbine, Rechel CARDS byRobl\/~ Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards with artwork as seen in Katiiah Journal. Send $11.25 ppd to: Rob Messick Rt. 8, Box 323 Lenoir, NC 28645 Bagby, Freeman House, David Abrsm, Suphsnis Kiwi, Csrl Anthony, Ds l/id HHnks, Uu Faithom, Alan Drwngson, & ~ ers. Greduer.s credit end Continvin(I Educeaon credit IIVStlBbfe. For brochure ca/I or fax: (3D3) 939-8398 or write THE INST1TUTE FOR DEEP ECOLOGY EDUCATION, Bo.x229D, Boulder, Colorado, B03D6. ,C.Otuan Jolmia!. pn1JC 3 1 �DECEMBER FEBRUARY 20 SW ANNANOA, NC Chanting in the newly completed Peace Chamber held each Swiday at 5 pm. For info, contact The Earth Center; 302 Old Fellowship Rd.; Swannanoa, NC 28778. (704) 298-3935. 21 8 22-27 MARSHALL, NC Ladderback Chairmaking tutorial with Drew Langsner. Traditional woodworlcing skills and use of specialized hand tools. Enrollment limited to two students. $575 includes meals and lodging. Pre-register. For info on this and other tut0riaJs, contact: Country Workshops; 90 MiU Creek Rd.; Marshall, NC 28753. (704) 656-2280. Winter Solstice ST. MARYS, GA 10th Annual Peace Witness and Reunion at Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base. Sponsored by From Trident 10 Life. Contact: Metanoia Community; 1702 Hwy. 70 E.; St Marys, GA 31558. (912) 882-4820. 26-28 HOT SPRINGS, NC Annual New Year's Retreat. Meditation, chanting, and meditative movement to welcome the new year, led by Marcia Rose and John Orr. $295 includes vegan meals and lodging. Pre-register: Dharma Rettcat Center; Rt. 1, Box 34-H; Hot Springs, NC 28743. (704) 622-7112. Full Moon MARCH 27-1/4 8 20 SWANNANOA,NC Fire ceremony offered ror the healing of Earth's waters, held on the 7th of each month. Contact The Earth Center. See · 12/20. 7 Spring Equinox SWANNANOA, NC Sacred sounds workshop offered by Beautiful Painted Arrow (Joseph Rael). For info, cont.act: The Earth Center. See 12/20. 20 8 Full Moon 8 JANUARY Full Moon SWANNANOA, NC Gathering of Tiospaye. Celebration and fellowship with the extended Earth.centered family. Potluck meal. For info, contact The Earth Center. See 12/20. Drawing by Rob Messick 21 SWANNANOA, NC Dedication of the Peace Chamber. Ceremonies will also include initiation of the elders and a Wopelia (''giveaway") of thanksgiving for the completion of the Chamber. Contact: The Eanh Center. See 12/20. - - life's necessiti.csfor kss - - FRENCH BROAD Fooo Co-oP KalmiaCenter, Inc. Sylva, NC (704) 293-3015 Custom tilling, organic fertilizers, kelp meal, colloidal phosphate & many more products and services for abundant gardening and healthful living. rJ ':Thu ~ Sarujy M,,sh Htrb Nurse,y WHOLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANIC PRODUCE 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am· 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm NATIVE FLUTES Two styles mode of cedar or wolnu1 woods In the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt 1, Box 172-L Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 WREATHS • POTPOURRI • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more tha11 800 plants from Aloe to Yam,w Rt 2, Surretl Co,•e Road Leicester, North Carolina 28748 Plio11e for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 lv!.ntcr, 1992-93 �•• ~ BEGINNING CHEROKEE LANGUAGE BOOK supplemented with two casseucs. Suesscs alphabet & proper pronunciauon. The first textbook wriuco for use in ieaching and learning lhe Cherokee langW!gc. (346 pages) $39.95 plus S5.00 shipping. Camlog also available with tapes, books, pipes, dance sticks. drums, feathers, furs, buffalo products nnd more. Craft supplies also availnblc. (please specify). Send $2.00 to the Musknu Trader; P.O. Box 20033; Roanoke. VA 24018. THE ALTERNATIVE READING ROOM · is an unconventional library; free and open to lhe public. Our collection interests include the environment, social and political issues, the media and peace. We have over 200 magazine suoocriptions. The book and video collections also emphasize lhe environment and political concerns. Booics and VCR's can be checked OUL A video player is available for watching films in lhe reading room. Located at 2 Wall St.#114; Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 252-2501. Mon/Wed/Fri 6-gpm • Tues/Thur l 8pm - Sat/Sun l-6pm 0 BACK TO THE SOURCE • is an adventure m the spcciacular beauty of our remaining wilderness nnd is the highest quality backpacking guide sctvice available. We spcciali7,e in small group, minimal ,mpact JOumcys into the most remote wildlands m ,\mcrica. For a brochure wnte: Back to the Source. Lee Mercer; 3611 White Ave; Baltimore, MD 21206. (410) 426-6016. \UTOI\OMF.: DISTRIBUTION - is a unique mail order nnd rCIJlil 0111Jc1, neither •1ef1" nor "right," th:11 cnme-s hanl to find books, magazines, bumperstickcr.., buttons, post cards, lapcs, posters, and ~hirts We rc:iturc items that encourage self-determination and commuruty rather than government or "partisan· !;O(ulions. We dare to dream of a future without o)1Jll'ession, where we aui live m harmony with nnture, while each having all that is needed ror personal dignity, happiness, and hbcny. If these goals interest you, send SI and one 29 cent stamp to receive our catalog: Autonome Distribution; P.O. Box 791191; New Orleans, LA 70179. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, WATER.AND SANITATION - Dealcr/ill.5t.aller of photovoltaic, micro-hydro, and other independent electric systems, energy conserving bulbs and showcrheads, solar and wood-burning water heaters, cisterns and composti.ng toilets, water filtration, and more: Ekat/EcOIOICCh; 1.50 Gravel Licit Rd.: Dreyfus, KY 40426;phonc((i()6)986-6146. WISE WOMAN TRADmON • Spring Greens Weekend will be held April 30-May 2 in the NC mountains with Whitewolf. L.eam to identify and create med!cmes with the healing herbs or Spring and cclebrat.e the return or Green Life! Suggc.~ doruluon SIOO (~liding scale ror work cxchange): Whit.ewolf; P.O. Boll 576; Asheville, NC 28802. EARTI-1 KEEPER. a quancrly publication rediscovering Ancient Wisdom and ArL Earth Keeper is fcawring articles on native ceremonies, spirituality, crafts, simple living, relationships, an, herbs and plants, recycling, and much more! One year sub!lCriplion foe $14. Two years ror only $24: Earth Keeper; P.O. Box 242-K: Whiuicr, NC 28789. NATIVE AMERICAN CEREMONIALS· feawres handcrafu:d Native American ceremonial supplies. We carry drums, pipes, mules, flutes, pipe bags, feathers, rawhide, swcetgra.Ss, sage, tobaccos, abalone shells, buckskin, cercmonial herbs, bead loom and bell lots. native maps, and more. Free catalog! Nauve American Ceremooials; P.O. Box 1062; Cherokee, NC 28719. HAYWOOD COUNTY - Are you tired or "uavcling" to workshops and "paying" for knowledge? Are you intere.sl.Cd in Mother Earth; bancring products and services; giving/auending workshops in herbalism, beekeeping, auto mechanics, ete.? Not a "club," a community. Call Dana@ (704) 926-8008 or 452-3538 with your ideas. FOUR DIRECTIONS PRODUCTION COMPANY • J>reSCnts the first program in the \•idco series, "Que.st of the Eanh Kccpcrs," a ,;cries on the ritual~. c:anh-hcaling pracuces, and ccremooics ol indigenous cultures around the world. Featured m the first producuon is •Sun Bear/ Vision of the Mcdic,nc Wheel." a video oo persona.I and planetary healing: Four Dircc:uons Producoon Company; P.O. Box 70; Valley Head, AL 35989. Alternatives ... The Dvectnry of lntentw11,,1I Conununitiet ,~ the product Of two years Of J01Cns1ve n:sean:h, illld IS the most comprehensive and occuraw direct.Ory avadal>le. ltdocu· mcnts the ,•1s1on and the c:btly h£c of more lhan 350 eommunillc.s m North America, and more than 50 on other contincnb. Each community\ hsung include.s name, address. phone, and 3 dcs.;npoon of the group. E~tcns1v,: cross-referencing and 111ll.;.<mg m:Jkc,, the information easy to accc.~li for a wick: vwicty of users. Includes maps, over 250 odd,tiorml RC)Ource listings, and 40 related articles. 328 pages 8-l/2xl I PcrfC<.'thound October 1990 ISBI'< Number. 0-9602714-1-4 Sl6.00 Add S2.00 postage & handling for first bOok, S.50 for each additional: 40% discount on orders of IO ur more. Alpha Fann. Deadwood, OR (503) 964-5102 LM'f BALD EAGLES - arc\tii~g ii; ~nncssee Valley in unu.~ually high numbers this year :is n result of rec«d cold ttmpenuuros in the northern states. The Ch:uunooga Nature Centi!!' IIMOWlCCS "Engle Wateh 1993," a film and eagle view,ng session prcscnl.Cd by the centcr's program coordinator Ray Zimmerman and members or the Emma Bell Mjlcs Chapw or the Audubon Society. Dale: Janua,y 10, 2 to 5 P.M. Cose S2 to $5. Contact Ray Zimmerman@ (615) 821-1160 for details. LAND TRUSTS - have saved over 2.7 million acres in America. In spite of this, most people do not n:allzc how land truSts operate or how lnnd truSts can help individuals and communities protect the land they love. A new video, "Land Trusts in America: Guardians or lhe Future,• is useful to anyone in the conservation community: Land Trust Alliance; 900 Seventeen.th SL NW, Suit.e 410: Washington, DC 20006-2501. THE APPALACHIAN TRAil. CONFERENCE its 32 alrlWlled clubs, and 5,400 members have been mairuaining the 2,143 mile Georgia lO ~-f.ainc footpath since its completion decades ago. Today dedicated volunl.CClll share in efforts U) ensure permanent protection of lhe footpath and surrounding grecnway. To find the club nearest you, writ.e: Appalachian Trail Conference; P.O. Box 807; Harpers Ferry, WV 25425-0807. COMMON GROUND • the annual Journal where grassroots women speak from the heart. Our 1992 issue wa.s wriuen by indigenous women throughout North America. Our 1993 issue will focus 011 farmworker women of all colors and cultures. A second publication, "Groundings." is a !-ea'iOn:il newslci!ct which builds a 11Ctwork of solidarity. published by a community or people who experiment in non-violent v.-ay~ of doing justice: Common Ground; P.O Box 64717; Baton Rouge, LA 70896. THERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 3,000 intentional commun1ues m the United State$. "Follow the Din Road,· a new video by mdcpcndcnt filmmaker, Monique Gauthier, is an excellent introduction tor anyone int=tcd in the succci;.,;cs and struggles of con1cmporary int.eriuonal communities: Send S28 to Monique Gaulh1e{ - FTDR; I Evcrg,ccn Ct.; Landcnburg, PA 19350-9389. GANDHI, A PRACTICING ATTORNEY, once said that "the true function of a lawyer wa~ to un1t.e parues riven a~under. • A new organi.7.alion has been <:litablishcd to create a ncr.worlc or t.,wycrs, law students, and olhcr conflict resolution professionals. The group wdl explore ways to seek resolution of issues through mcdi:u.ion, using the courts only as a last resort. A guiding principle or lhc group is respect for the dignity of each person involved. Another goal is helping children of divorce by reducing the conflict between their parents. Wnie: lntcmauonal Alliance of Holistic Lawyers; P.O. Box 26; Middlebury, VT 05753. LOCAL ACCOUNTANr would like to assist cnvironmcnmlly-awu,c businesses in their accounting and booklcccp1ng wort: Sherman Bamford: 163 Beavetdam Rd.; Asheville, NC 28804. , Wtbworklng i.f available for $2 .50 (prtpai4) for eaeh entry of 50 words or lts.s. Submil tnlriesfor ISSUL 1138 by Ftbruary 15. /993. Mail 10 Katuah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323; LtllOir, NC 28645. (704} 754.6()97, 1.littt«, 1992-93 Xotiiah Jour nal JXl(JC 33 I �Dear Members of Katu.ah Journal, After nearly 10 years of service to the Katuah Bioregional Province, the KJltuah Journal newspaper will be ceasing publication in the summer of 1993. We have not been able to find enough people able to take long term responsibility for a project of this scale on a volunteer basis. While we are stopping the journal, we will keep the non-profit organization "Katuah" alive in order to have the option of carrying out future In the spring we will publish issue #38 devoted to alternative transportation in the Katuah bioregion. The final summer issue will contain an index to the KJltuah /011rnal, a listing of other bioregionally-oriented organizations in the province, and tie up loose ends. Thank you for your generous support of KJltuah /ournal over the years. Without your help the paper would not have been as vibrant or as vital as it has been. bioregional projecls. We decided to end the tradition of publishing the The Board of Directors for the Katuah organization will consist of: David Wheeler, Rob Messick, and Lee Barnes. We will meet at least once a year to keep track of organization business and to discuss future options. Any member who has project ideas or is interested in participating in this process should write us at: Katuah Futures; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645 or call (704) journal with some measure of strength, rather than watch it slowly fizzle out. If you have comments or suggestions for the future, we would like to hear from you. Sincerely, KJltrlah Journal Staff 754-6097. D.. I would like to order issues: #38 (Spring 1993) Alternative Transportation #39 (Summer 1993) Index & Resources For a total value o/$5.00 J<atuah Journal Rt. 8 Box 323 Lenoir, NC Katuah Province 28645 Issue #39 of the Kati,ah Jo11rnal \viii contain a resource guide to groups and organizations devoted to protecting and restoring the natural world in the bioregion and working to sustain the web of life and our human economic and social systems in Katuah. We have postulated the following categories of activity: Regional Economy Health and Healing Appropriate Technology Appropriate Transportation Councils & Decision Making Peace Issues & Conflict Resolution Shelter Education Agriculture Spiritual Life Natural Emlogy .D111wing by Mic:haal Thompson Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Town _ _ _ _ _ _ State___ Zip _ _ __ The success of this project will depend on your participation. Please send us information about your group and other groups that are working in your area. Offer other categories, if you like. Use additional sheets of paper if necessary. Give name, address, phone number, a one paragraph description of their work, and possibly a brief quote expressing their purpose. Enclose a copy of the organizational logo, if possible, and any photographs or drawings of group activities or the products of their work. Please also enclose your name, address, and phone in case there is a need for follow-up contacts. Submissions must be received by April 31, 1993. Mail to Katuah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, N"C 28645. ,.,inter, 1992- 93 �, -·~KATUAH KONFUSION:·- Katuah konfvs1 on has \>een canceled due to ,.e11 censo,.sn"i?. ihe c:ar"toon i st ha~ 'oeen fired because he. is oe,. full of *@* %. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE FOUR • SUMMER 1984 Water Drum - WalU Quality - Kudzu - Solar Eclipse - Clearculling - Trout - Going io Water - Ram Pumps - Microhydro. Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne MiUer ISSUE FIVE- FALL 1984 Harvest - Old Ways in Cherokee • Ginseng • Nuclear Waste - Our Celtic Heritage • Bioregionalism: Past, Present, and Future - John Wilnoty - Healing Darkness - Politics of Panicipation ISSUE SIX· WINTER 1984-8S Winier Solstice Eanh Ceremony - Horsepasrurea River· Coming of the Light • Log Cabin Root • Mountain Agriculwre: The Right Crop - William Taylor - The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN· SPRING 198S Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs - Worker Ownership - The Great Economy - Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turlcey - Responsible Investing Working in the Web of Life ISSUE EIGHT- SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Katll3h 18,000 Years Ago - Sacred Sites - Folk Ans in the Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems:. Hilda Downer Cherokee Heritage Center . Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE· FALL 198S The Waldce Forest - The Trees Spealc • Migrating Forests - Horse Logging - Starting a Tree Crop Urban Trees - Acom Bread· Mylh Tune ISSUE TEN - WINTER 198S-86 Kate Rogers - Circles of Sione - Jntemal Mythmaking - Holistic Healing on Trial - Poems: Steve Knauth - Mythic Places - The Ulaena's Talc Crystal Magic - "Drcamspcalcing" ISSUE THIRTEEN - FALL 1986 Center FOi' Awakening - Elizabeth Ca.llari - A Gentle Death - Hospice - Ernest Morgan - Dealing Creatively with Death - Horne Burial Box - The Wake . The Raven Mocker - Woodslore & Wildwoods Wisdom - Good Medicine: The Sweat Lodge ISSUE FOURTEEN· WINTER 1986-87 Lloyd Carl Owle - Boogers and Mummers - AU Species Day · Cabin Fever University - Homeless in Katunh - Homemade H01 Water • Stovemaker's Narrative - Good Medicine: lnl.Cl$p0Cies Communication ISSUE FIFfEEN • SPRING 1987 Coverlets - Woman Forester - Susie McMahan: Midwife • Alternative Contraception - Bioscituality • Bioregionalism and Women - Good Medicine: Mmrinrchal Culture - Ptarl We 11ave limited numbers of particular back issues. Order back issues soo11 to i11s11re availabilitlJ, TI1cre are no more entire sets of Katt,ah Jounral available. Tlte ,rear complete sets of back issues will be di111i11isl1i11g as limited copies sell out. ISSUE SIXTEEN· SUMMER 1987 Helen Waite - Poem: Visions in a Garden - Vision Quest - Fust Flow - lnitia1ion • Learning in the Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge - "Valuing Trees· ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WINTER 1987-88 Vernacular Architeclure - Dreams in Wood and Stone - Mountain Home - Eanh Energies - Eanh-Sheltcred Living - Membrane Houses - Brush Shelier . Poems: Octobu Dusk • Good Medicine: · shelier" ISSUE NINETEEN - SPRING 1988 Perelandra Garden· Spring Tonics - Bl11Cberries • Wildflower Gardens - Granny Herbalist - Flower Essences: - "The Origin of the Animals:" Story Good Medicine: "Power" - Be A Tree ISSUE 1WENTY • SUMMER 1988 Preserve Appalachian Wilderness - Highlands of Roan - Celo Commllllity - I.and Trust - Arthur Morgan School - Zoning Issue • "The Ridge" • Farmers and the Farm Bill • Good Medicine: "Land" - Acid Raio - Duke's Power Play • Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO-WINTER 1988-89 Global Warming - rll'C This Time. Thomas Berry on "Bioregions· - Earth Exercise - Kort Loy McWhiner - An Abundance of Emptiness - LETS • Chrooicles of Floyd - Darry Wood • The Bear Clan ISSUE 1WBNTY-THREE - SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village - Planet Alt - Green City - Poplar Appeal· "Clear Sky" • •A New Eanh". Black Swan - Wild Lovely Days - Reviews: Sacred lllnd Sacred Sa, let Age - Poem: ·sudden Tendrils" ISSUE lWENTY-FOUR • SUMMER 1989 Deep Llsiening - Life in Atomic City - Direct Action! - Tree of Peace - Community Building Peacemakers - Ethnic Survival - Pairing Project · "Baulcsong" - Growing Peace in Cultures • Review: The Chalice and 1lu: Bfodt ISSUE TWENTY-SIX - WINTER, 1989-90 The Ecozoic Era - Kids Saving RainfOl'est - Kids Trcecycling Company - Conflict Rcsolul.ion Developing Creative Spirit - Birth Power - Magic of Puppetry - Home Schooling • Naming Ceremony Mother Earth's Classroom - Gardening for Children ISSUE TWENTY-SEVEN· SPRING, 1990 Transformation - Healing Power - Peace l0 Their Ashes - Healing in Kaulah • Poem: "When Ldt to Grow· - Poems: Stephen Wing - The Belly · Food from the Ancient Forest ISSUE TWENTY-NINE -FALL/WINTER 1990 From the Mountains to the Sea - Profde of The Liu!c Tennessee River . Headwaters Ecology - •11 AU Comes Down 10 Water Quality" - Ware Power. Action for Aquatic Hnbil1llS - Dawn Watehcrs - Good Medicine: The Long Humnn Being - The Nonh Shore Road • Kattlah Sells Out • Waiershed Map of the Katuah Province ISSUE nnRTY • SPRING 1991 Economy/Ecology • Ways to a Regenerative &onOl'ny • "Money is the Lowest Form or Wealth" • Clarksville Miracle - The Village - Food Movers. Lifework • Good Medicine; "Village l!conomy• Shelton Lawe! • LETS ISSUE nnRTY-ON'E - SUMMER 1991 Dowsing • Responsibilities of Dowsing • Elecuical Life of the Earth - Katiiah and the Earth Grid • Call of the Ancient Ones - Good Medicine: "On Aggression• - Time to Take the T!Dlc to Take the Time - Whole Science - Tuning In ISSUE nnRTY-TWO • FALL 1991 Bringing back the Fire - A Bit or Mountain Levity . Climax Never Came - "Talking Leaves": Sequoyah Walking Distance· Good Medicine: "Serving the Great Life" - The Granola Journal - Paintings: "Mountain Stories"- Songs of the Wilderness ISSUE THIRTY-Tl-lREE • WINTER 1991-92 Fire's Power - What ls Natural • Fire and Forge The rlfSI rll'C - Hearth and Fire in the Mountains Good Medicine: "The Ancient Red" - Midwinter rlf'CS: poems by Jeffery Beam - Litmus Lichens ISSUE nnRTY-FOUR - SPRING 1992 Paradise Gardening - Community Sponsored Agriculwre - Eating Close 10 Home - Native Foods - Cover Crops - Kalunh Cultivars - The Web or Life: A Kalll3h Almanac - Good Medicine "Medicine Training• - Poems by AUison Sutherland ISSUE nnRTY-FlVE - SUMMER 1992 Consensus - Problems with Consensus - Tribal Council · Elda - The State of Franklin - Regional Rainbow - Steve Moon: Shell Engravings • Good Medicine "Medicine Training ll" - A Look Back ISSUE 1HIRTY-SIX • FALL 1992 Using Wood • Appalachian Logging - Old Logging Days - Working the Woodhlnds - Logging with Horses - Invasion of the Giants - From Industry io Endeavor - Ecological Forestry - The Chair in the Tree - Reading the Grove Back Issues: Issue# _ @ $3.00 = $_ __ Issue# __@ $3.00 = $_ __ rssue # __@ $3.00 = $._ _ _ Issue# __@ $3.00 = $._ __ Name postage paid $ _ __ Address Chy Near Complete Set: State Zip (4-10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-27, 29-36) postage paid @ $50.00 =$ _ __ Ka tuah Journal Rt. 8, Box 323 Lenoir, NC Ka tuoh Province 28645 • (704) 754-6097 lvLnter, 1992- 93 Xati1nn Journal p<llJ& 3 S � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 37, Winter 1992-1993 Description An account of the resource The thirty-seventh issue of the Katúah Journal is dedicated to creative works that represent bioregionalism and biovisions: stories, essays, drawings, and local legends. An announcement explains that, while the publication is coming to an end in 1993, there are plans to continue the Katúah Organization which will focus on bioregional projects. Authors and artists in this issue include: Dennis K. Frederick, Rob Messick, Will Ashe Bason, James Rhea, Barbara Wickersham, Fran Freudenberger, Lucile Morgan, Bob Johnson, "Pegi", Charlotte Homsher, Doug Elliott, Michael Thompson, Gerald George, and Rhea Ormond. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-1993 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. In The Morning by Dennis Frederick.......1 Green Man and Green Woman by Rob Messick.......4 Floyd 2020 by Will Ashe Bason.......7 Ecology by Rob Messick.......8 Drawing of Sequoyah by James Rhea.......9 The Legend of James Whitehead by Barbara Wickersham.......10 Raven! by Fran Freudenberger........11 Kid's Page.......12 Rhea's Fairies.......13 Drawings by Lucile Morgan........14 Drawing by Bob Johnson.......15 Drawings by Pegi.......16 The Solitary Tree by Charlotte Homsher.......17 Wildwoods Wisdom by Doug Elliott.......18 Natural World News.......20 Mandalas by Rob Messick........22 Gourds by Michael Thompson.......23 Poem: A View from Hawk's Nest by Gerald George.......24 Economy by Rob Messick.......25 Drumming.......26 Reviews: Beyond the Beauty Strip | Reshaping Modern Culture by Rob Messick.......31 Events.......32 Webworking.......33 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Human ecology--Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Region, Southern--Social life and customs--Miscellanea Legends--Tennessee--Roan Mountain Floyd County (Va.)--Fiction North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Book Reviews Children's Page Community Earth Energies Ecological Peril Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Habitat Katúah Katúah Organization Pigeon River Poems South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8b28bad70c563af988d313aa9367f9f6.pdf 8097a88c117a588a76a65bf9c99a6059 PDF Text Text URNAL ISSUE 38 SPRING 1993 SUSTAINABLE TOURING $2.00 ��TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: Mountain Culture, Mountain Lives by Michal Smith I am Michal Smith, a writer, editor and researcher. I presently live and work in the state of Kentucky. Since the mid- 1980's I have specialized in workplace studies, including case studi~ of employee involvement processes in the manufacturing sector for the U.S. Department of Labor and the United Nations, a study of the safety implications of the petrochemical industry's growing reliance upon contract workers for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a regional economic development study for the state of Texas, and a study of the impact of tourism development. which I am here today t0 discuss. Specifically, my testimony is based upon a study, conducted from 1988 to 1989, of the impact of t0urism development on local people, particularly rural women, who routinely form the backbone of this industry. The study focused on rural counties in 12 southeastern StalCS, including North Carolina. h concluded that the presumed "opportunities" associated with tourism development are marginal and minimal. In fact, people who live and work in JCot.uah ~naL JX!9e 6 1\1 1 u nuoc ,, w,:,Ju 1 tourism economies suffer the ultimate irony, contributing tax dollars to help promote and support an industry that has done litde, possibly nothing to improve their quality of life. They have watched hotels, restaurants, highways, shops and amusement parks consume their communities while "human infrastructure" -- meaningful jobs, training, health care and child care - has suffered the consequences of government neglect and indifference. Funded by the Ford Foundation, its Aspen Institute Rural Economic Policy Program and the Economic Development Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, my study included a selected county-level comparative analysis of Census data from 1970 and 1980 and a case study of Sevier County, Tennessee, home of Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, perhaps the most successful rural tourism development in the southeastern United States. The 84 rural counties examined in the study were selected based upon 1970 and 1984 employment data reponcd in Colllll)' Business Patterns as compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Census. These counties were identified as having experienced high employment growth in the hotel indusay, which is clearly associated with the expansion of a tourism or travel industry. Twenty-three of the "high-growth" counties identified experienced hotel industry employment growth in excess of 500 perccnL Broadly, I found that beyond the small pool of management and short-term, male-dominated construction industry jobs, tourism economics are sustained by food servers, maids and retail clerks. Traditionally held by women, these jobs almost invariably offer minimum wages, no benefits and virtually no opportunity for advancemenL Among the study's findings about these 84 booming rural tourism developments were: • Uncmploymentcontinued to rise steadily from 1970 to 1984 in virtually every county identified by the study. - Women continued to experience higher unemployment rates than men in rural tourism counties in spite of the indusay's heavy reliance upon a female labor force. - While overall poverty rates declined for families in general in the counties studied. poor families headed by women increased �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.  The Katúah Journal was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others. This digital collection is only a portion of the Katúah-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the Katúah Journal. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the Katúah Journal Records collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah Journal, Issue 38, Spring 1993 Description An account of the resource The thirty-eighth, and final, issue of the Katúah Journal focuses on sustainable tourism and transportation that is environmentally and culturally responsible. Authors and artists in this issue include: Marcus L. Endicott, Michal Smith, Lee Barnes, Patrick Clark, Mark Schimmoeller, Billy Jonas, Renee Binder, Charlotte Homsher, Douglas A. Rossman, Robert H. Rufa, David Cohen, Brownie Newman, Jasper Carlton, Danielle Droitsch, Stephen Wing, Jan Adkins, Elizabeth Howard, Denise K. Simon, EarthStar, Wade Buckholts, and Rob Messick. Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, later simplified to Katúah Journal, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Toward Sustainable Tourism in Southern Appalachia by Marcus L. Endicott.......1 A History of Tourism to Southern Appalachia by Marcus L. Endicott.......4 Tourism Development: Mountain Culture, Mountain Lives by Michal Smith.......6 Camping & Touring Through Katúah Forests by Lee Barnes.......8 Bicycle Touring in Katúah by Patrick Clark.......10 Unicycle Revolutions by Mark Schimmoeller.......12 The Bicycle Band: Appropriate Road Mode by Billy Jonas.......12 Poems by Elizabeth Howard and Denise K. Simon.......13 Sustainability of Whitewater Recreation by Renee Binder.......14 Sacred Lands by Charlotte Homsher.......16 Cherokee Mythic Sites by Douglas A. Rossman.......17 Napping by Rob Messick.......18 Why Travel? by Robert H. Rufa.......20 Natural World News.......22 Drumming.......24 Events.......32 Webworking.......33 Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Katúah Journal, printed by The Waynesville Mountaineer Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable tourism--Appalachian Region, Southern Outdoor recreation industry--Appalachian Region, Southern Bicycle touring--Appalachian Region, Southern Sacred space--Appalachian Region, Southern Tourism--North Carolina, Western--History North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Definitions Book Reviews Cherokees Community Economic Alternatives Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Geography Habitat Katúah Katúah Organization Pigeon River Poems Politics Reading Resources Sacred Sites South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance