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Title
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Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, </span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. </span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication.
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This resource is part of the <em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>.
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The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials.
Date
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1983-1993
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journals (periodicals)
Language
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English
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Text
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Katúah Journal Index, 1983-1993</em>
Description
An account of the resource
This document is a topical index to all 38 issues of <em><a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/items/browse?collection=79" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</a>. </em>
<em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians, </em> later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal, </em>was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.</em></p>
Subject
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Bioregionalism--Periodicals--Indexes
Sustainable living--Periodicals--Indexes
North Carolina, Western
Appalachian Region, Southern
North Carolina--Periodicals
Creator
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Rob Messick
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Format
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periodical indexes
PDF
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<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a>
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<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
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<a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a>
Temporal Coverage
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1990s
Acid Deposition
Agriculture
Alternative Energy
Appalachian History
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Bioregional Congress
Bioregional Definitions
Black Bears
Book Reviews
Cherokees
Children's Page
Community
Death and Dying
Earth Energies
Ecological Peril
Economic Alternatives
Education
Electric Power Companies
European Immigration
Fire
Folklore and Ceremony
Forest History
Forest Issues
Forest Practice
Geography
Glossaries
Good Medicine
Habitat
Hazardous Chemicals
Health
Hunting
Katúah
Katúah Organization
Permaculture
Pigeon River
Plants and Herbs
Poems
Politics
Radioactive Waste
Reading Resources
Recycling
Sacred Sites
Shelter
South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness)
Stories
Transportation Issues
Turtle Island
Villages
Water Quality
Western North Carolina Alliance
Wilderness
Women's Issues
-
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~
.
CK._ATUAH >
....
$1.50
ISSUE 18
WINTER 1987-88
BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS
._,,
•
�Photo by Paul Gallimore
(j~~-~-T-~H)
P.O. Box 873 Cullowhee, NC Katuah Province
Postage Paid
Non-profit Org.
28723
Note new address, inside/
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
Permit #12
Cullowhee, NC
28723
�•
SHELTER IN KATUAH
Resource List....
.. ... .. .• •
On Bui.Jdlng andDulgn
Solar Compo ting ToileL.......... IS
October Qysk ............................. 16
P<>tms by Rlla Silns Qull,.n
Review by Ju/Ja N11111f411y Duncan
Good Medicine: 'On Sbelter"....... 18
The Future of the Black Bcar........19
COf(cnia Rqon
Natural World News.. .. ............20
CaldwdJ CtJlllfly I~
SlflOkia Wlldentas Bill
Poachers C.,lrt
MRS in CDngras
Forat Snvla Pba Al1Mll
Duh'1 Col~ Cred p;o}«t
AslwvUle R«,clJni CenlU
A Children's Page......................23
Drummang ......
Utltn to Kalllah
• ... 24
·A Bourn of Buds".. . .. .. .. .28
f'\ l'otm by Miclrod ffodtatlat
The presence of shelter
embodies much more than
just a building. It is a home,
a center around which
members of a family or
community emerge, travel
from, return to, and are
visited. Many of the most
important events in human
life find a place, time, and
meaning within the
structures we build. It is
here that we house or
integrate the activities of
our lives (birthing, growing,
eating, sleeping, playing,
working, dying...)
In many ways, "we are
what we build". Through this
kind of architectural mirror
is reflected the expression
of a cultural and personal
world view. We now greatly
attect the ecology of the
Earth by the impact of our
collective human existence.
The niches we carve out for
ourselves very often
intrude into the habitat of
other animals and
plants. Is it possible for us
to build our communities in
accord with the recycling
nature of the systems that
surround us?
Buildings are inherently
open systems that interact
with the forces of wind,
water, land, temperature,
season. and other living
things. Our relatedness to
the natural world can be
acknowledged through
designing shelter that is
actively aware of the flow of
energies coming into,
working within, moving out
of, and mingling among other
systems of the Earth, and,
particularly, of a bioregion.
By affirming patterns of
sustainability in the design
of our shelters and
communities. we foster
their existence and come
closer to being in harmony
with all that is.
-The Editors/
�......---..;~
(i.ATUAH)
EDITORIAL STAfF DDS J.s.s!LE;
Scott Bird
Sam Gray
Rob Messick
~1amie
Michael Red Foit
Manha Tree
David Wheeler
Muller
EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE:
Christina Morrison
Bob WiesellTl311
Sarah Jane Thomas
Hot Sauce
Cover: "Howie's Dome" ne:ir Bethel, NC.
Photo by Rob Messick.
Thanks lO Eart.hdanccr for the Invocation for this issue. which was
reprinted from lhe Educational Resource Ccmcr Newslcucr, P.O. Box
The Southern Appalachian Bioreglon and Ma1or Eastern River Systems
460; Floyd, VA 24091
EDITORIAL OFFICE THJS ISSUE:
Worley Cove. Sandymush Creek
PRINTED BY: Sylva Herald Publishing Co., Sylva, NC
WRITE US
AT:
TELEPHONE:
(704) 683-1414
KaWh...
Boit 638
Leicester, NC
Katuah Province 28748
01vcrsuy 1$ an imponant clement of bioregional ecology. both
ll.llural and soci.11. In lme with this principle, Katllah tries to serve as a
forum for the discUSSion of regional iSSlle$. Siincd articles express mly
lhc op1n10n ol the authors and arc not ncccuanly the opiruons of lhc
Kati.ah edit.ors or Slaff.
The lni.cmal Rc•'CllUC Servltc lw declared Kazuah a non-profit
organ11.ation under MlCtion SO I(cX3) of the ln=I Revenue Code. All
conuibutions io Katuali arc doducuble from personal income rax.
'LNVOCA.TWN
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Here in rhe sou1hern-mos1 heartland of the
Appalachian moU11Jains, the oldest moUnJain range on our
continent, Turrie Island; a small buz growing group has
begun to IOU on a sense of responsibility for the implications
of tltat geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of
responsibility centers on ti~ concept of living within ti~
narwal scale and balance ofumversal syswnr and principles.
Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherolcee
name " Katuah" as the old/new name for this area of the
mountains and for its journal as well. The province is
indicared by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke Rfrer Valley
to the nonh; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east;
Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the somh; and the
Tennent/! Rfrer i'nlley to the west.
The editorial priorities for us are to collect and
disseminate information and energy which pertains
specifically to this regwn. and to foster the awareness t/IDJ the
land is a living being deserving of our love and respect.
LJ1•ing in tltis manner is a way to insure the sustaillllbilicy of
tlte biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in irs
continuing evolutionary process.
We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a "do or
die "siruarion in terms of a quality standard of life for all
living befogs on 1/iis planet. As a voice for rite caretakers of
this sacred land, Kawah, we advocate a ceruered approach to
tlte concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a
support system for those accepting the challenge of
s1istainabi/iry and ti~ crea1io11 af harmony and balance in a
total sense, here in tliis place.
We welcome all co"espondence, criticism, pertinent
information, anicles, arrwork. etc. witlt hopes that Katuah
will grow to serve the best interests of tltis region and all its
living, breathing members.
- The Editors
KATUMI - page 2
WINTER 1987·88
�PROTECTING THE DREAMER:
Vernacular Values in H.cgional Architecture
by Sam Gray
ln his classic work, Poetics of
the French philosopher
Gaston Bachelard focused on various
levels of architectural meaning. He
suggested Lhat a basic feature of those
meanings we associate with the idea
of Lhe house is that the home protects.
It not only protects physically against
climate and weather, it protects
psychically as well. IL protects
thought, reverie, and dreaming.
That, perhaps, is its most important
function.
"The purpose of the house is to
protect the dreamer within," wrote
Bachelard. Evoked is the architecture
of dwelling - protective, sensual.
natural - grounded in a locale and a
time. In a word, vernacular, ar
adjective which connotes in buildint
economics, politics. cooking, or a
what it once described exclusive!
about language or poetry.
"Vernacular" is Lhe indigenou
the traditional, the homemad1
spontaneous, colloquial expression<
anything.
If a house of some order (tip
cabin. frame house, stone hous1
yurt) is important for huma
reflection and dreaming, it is littl
wonder that our psyches become s1
entwined with their architecture.
The house of our childhood i:
an architectural emity, a psychic
landscape and a context for memories
and understanding. So. too, is the
house of our plans, the house we
would build - the dream house of the
mind that we continuously construct,
revise, and renovate.
The dreamer. protected by the
house, dreams a house and fills n
with plans, voices, and ghosts that are
themselves protected by the house.
In our time, the architectural
space that shelters thought and
dreams has begun to fill with the
electronic dreams, projections. and
hallucinations of the national media
and markets. It is possible that the
traditional purpose of the house has
undergone an evolution. The
dreaming space, filled from within
~.
• continued on page 4
WINTER 1987·88
SM/ton I/oust. llaywood Coun1y. 1876-188(). Two-story frame howt
wl1h tngaged /WO-lier /'()rch bu1/1 by ConftlkraJt \'ttcran S~p,..tn J.
Shelton. 1he building now hawsts 1he Mumm1 of Nor1h Carolina
llaNficr<(rs.
Ap1'><11arl11a11 log cabin i11 uniikntifitd locale, circa 1900. Roofln~ is
chcstnUI or oaJc slt.:iks.
Jesst Cmp I/oust. Graham Counry. tarly 20th cen1ury. Two-s1ary
framt hou.~t of a "Y-p/an• foU!ld with some frequtncy in Graham
County bw rurt tl_.htWrt
KATUAH - page 3
�PR01 EC'Tll\\G THE ORl-:AMER
connnucd from J13gC 3
Gallaway llou.u l tanrylv'11lla CoUJtty, clrrn 1878 T'r<o•Jtaq
tOC!/
di
/armlil>~ '6ilh iabk
aJtd ~;iltrlDt r!ld bticl tldM11r11fr0111 '4 •
a 114 titr ~roe/p<nlt atTO.U UllW bay
Jlar
w lla1m. CllLrctLt Co1U1tv, IBSO 1882 f'Wo.srory britl /ttJllU
of lftDd 1td •t.i.p/an• ..~111 iltltTID! t1ii,,.J1tp Tl:e "'""'~' porr:h a TOIJ
tltLfa t ..idth t:ftM/.itilM ha.I s:mn ..wl lnacltts and balas:radt 71'~
brl
"' tbr bltJldint "~" mt:M on ilu
Cl111r ~11'1:1 loust lla¥>4'00d COIUIJJ lA:L I II UfllJl.1'1 r ...
•r plt111 brW: ho1<u •iJ/I
t l
l"lpcrtA aucw/att:tk/ta:J:nfll
tlt:fldr
un.n ..w1 balllft~
KATUAH p:igc 4
tic stCOnd Jnri.
\\uh the \\lute noise of the mas
dream. loses its cnp!lcit) to protect
nnd nunurc ubJCclt\C drenming
1 he contemporar1 mas
nrclutccturc of dv.elhng reflects th1
ero 10!1 Demographics, technology.
nd the market &re estabh hing n
stnndardized hou ing thai fills an
urb!lil or suburb:m topogrnph) \\hi ch
ha been stripped of all indigenous
populnuon!; and fe:iturcs.
1bc re uhing arrangement of
nrchitccturnl values lea,es the
dreamer (the subjecti\'e self)
unprotected, unjustified, and
nccidentnl.
What has been deleted from
contemporury mass architectural
expression of the house i the sense
nnd presence of the \'Cmaculnr, nn
element essential to the protection of
the dreamer.
There nre two architectural
clements of the vemnculnr house thnt
ore particularly impon:mt to the
protection of rc\erie and drcnming.
lbese arc the heanh nnd the porch.
Hoth v.crc corn istent features of the
vemacular houses of the Kn1unh
re ion an former times. ·1bc psychic
mean mg of the hearth go fnr b:tck m
time nnd the relationship of
henrthfirc and drcnm consciousness
have been discussed frequently in the
poetry nnd literature of architectural
meaning.
The porch or verandah is n
more regional nrchitectur:il feature.
Jn its grander, two-storied,
b:tlustraded fonns, it is derived from
the semi-tropicnl, colonial,
Canbbean nrchilecture or the 18th
Century. Yet it wns always n feature
of 1hc Southern Appalachian log
cabin. It is n medinting space situated
between the outside, the domain of
energies expended in agricultural
labor. and the cabm intenor, the
domnm of energies regenerated in
enung nnd sleepmg. h is n place of
repose, n place for dreaming.
The photograph oc:ompany mg
th1 text offer a sampling of the nch
leg C) of vemncul r hou es of the
Kntu h region. 1t 1s a lcgnc) that •"'
fnst d1sappeanng. These hou es that
have protected generations of
dreamer hn..·e themselves little
protection from the descendants of
the dreamers.
,
Wl~'TER
1987 8
�by Adam Cohen
pbns nuke 11 casa to csnmac materials and
to by out consttucuon sequence cffiaenlly.
My uplllTmion nf building 1n Ka1Wih
has been on a personal Incl as ...~11 as on a
professiolllll lr:vel. My aperienu rangt.s
from building for ma.timum economy to
building for maximum luiury BUI 1hLre u a
COmmJJn ft•cl111g I get from people n•eryonc
de.sires a spucc 111 KIUc:h ro l1vt./111ly.
To tmly e.rperitncc life means to live
on orhtr lt\•cls bcs1dct the phylical. A
/Mng Jpace llumlJ bt. bmh organic and
J1exihlc ·it mmt l>e oble w grow and chan~
ro mur all of our nuds. Ir IS rhur fuUng of
organic:, tccmorrucal arclurcc:turc rhar I strl~
f<1r 111 m)' wark, /n thu article I will 0U1l1M
tlui lxmc.r of bmldmg as rcmpcrtd by my
personal architectural phUosophy and
practical, professional ~rkncu.
But even 1hc best·latd plans run tnto
wiforcsccn diffaculncs. 1bc bes& ~-ay 10 deal
w11h this 1s 10 be flexible and to devise
cn::ulvc soluuons..
If you choose to have a house dra't•lll
for you, Rmcmbcr that 1he design proocss 1s
yours. One can move walls on papcreauly,
so 1akc dmc and uplore many options
bcfon: dccidin~ on I rmaJ plan.
To begin designing 1 dwelling,
oullinc the needs the suuaure should fulfill,
lis1 1he areas and livin& spaces desired.
1ncrc arc many ways to pu1 these spaces
1ogclhcr. Whal approximate square foocagc
is desired'? Is a linglc·unit or multi·unu
dwelling the best for the sile and the
inhabitants? Would you late IO hve in a
roundish, squarish, turtlc·baclccd, or
free-form dwelling? How tall should the
space be? Any lofts or second 5'0rics? Are
~J~n spaces « disunct rooms
A house rctain5 the energy put into
the builJ1ng. tnrusc the bullchn4 process
w11h good energy rrum 1hc be4mning to
stlllt the new dwelling off In the nght way.
smNG
Solar houses arc desirable in cvuy
biorcgion in the temperate zone. The sun as
hfc. Where I bvc in northern K.atiiah. I find
lhat we need house£ 1ha1 are flexible. Our
weather is iuch 1hat 1hc 1empcra1ure can
swing .SO degrees Fin a 12 hour period. We
can have snow on 1hc ground and 70 degree
F 1empcra1ures outdoors an r:ebruary.
1'hercforc. my emphasis h:is been on houses
1h:11 cnn be easily hCllted as well as cooled.
"Inc conditions in Ka1ii:ih indicate 1lu1 we
need house.~ 1ha1 heat up quickly :tnd 1hcn
rntha1c 1h:11 hc:i1 rapidly.
As u rule of 1humb, site n dwelling 10
fnce wuhin 10· 12 degrees or solar sou1h to
mnx1mi1.c solar uposurc. When choosmi; a
sue, consider 1hc direction of the prcvnahng
cold winter wands u well ns 1hc cooling
!iummcr winds. but keep 50lai orientat1on 11S
a domlnnn1 fnc1or because pl:tnungs and
olhcr buildings can serve as 1o1.1ndbrcaks as
the homcslead grows.
Water supply must also be considered
when choosing a she. A rchablc source of
clean 1.1.1ucr is csscn1ial for 1 homestead.
Gravity flow from a spring above the
building site is the ideal shu11ion and lhc
C3.Siest to develop.
W11cr from a well or another source
below lhc house can be pumped to a large
reservoir above lhc dwelling to crate a
gravity flow. Electric pumps nm bf AC
po"'cr from the &rid arc the least dcsuablc
way 10 accomplish 1his. Elccmc pumps
powered by solar cdls are better, but !hey
still arc high-1ech solutions. and they
depend on a high-1cch future. Some
appropriate pumping systems arc ram
pumps. micro-hydroelectric (stt KJllli.aJ1
#4 ), wind·powcrcd DC systems,
wind-driven compressed air sysacms, and
my personal favorite, the bicyclc·powcred
water system.
WINTER 1987-88
A chcmical analystS IS worth the pnce
dclcrminc the presence: or polluting
chemicals or organic m:ucnali in the waicr
supply.
IO
DESIGNING nm SITE
Having found a site with solar
exposure, wn1cr, and hopefully, 1
windbreak from the winier winds. m4kc a
rough site plan to help decide where to
locate the building. D111grnm 1hc she,
pencilling in essenu:lls like fruu 1rccs,
gardens. shop, sheds, animal houses, and
p:isturc. I like 10 1h1nk of hvmg structures as
p:in or cite landscape. connecting indoor and
outdoor space. A wcll·planncd,
m1CtCOnncctcd, outdoor IJllCC adds acsthetic:
qualuy 10 a homcsle.ad.
Our home is a central CCR lb1ICtUre
dlll we coaanually arc . ddiftl small aaians
a
onto. J b1ghly recommcncl dus way of
approaching design and buUdin1 lor the
owner-builder. Tbc inhial suuc:ture can be
C<Jm\'lcted durina the building 1C&10D to
provide shelter for the wima. Additions can
continue throughout the years following.
This also allows rime 10 change design. Jn
this
n:sidcntS can occupy lhcir home as
lhcy build It.
Once a general idea of the nccdcd
laving areas is clear, draw a "blob dll&rll1l"
{sec diagram I) to show 1he
1ntcr-rcla11onsh1p of the d1ffcren1 spaces.
The walls, floor, and roof mc~ly hold 1he
no1hangness 1ha1 is the living space.The
IClUal envelope which contains lhesc spaces
can be any shape or fonn. The following hst
of arc:tS, Starung from the loundatJon Ind
wortcin,1 up, gives some ideas which can be
used in design and bu1ld1ng These
simplified d1sc:un1ons an: meant only to
snmul11e and IO guide the reader's creative
war.
unagmanon.
DESIGNING A DWEU.JNG
Designing your own home is a
delight. As a general rule, lhc less
cxpcricnccd the builder and the mon: OUl5idc
help lha1 is going co be ailed on. the more
complete and thorough the building plans
should be.
A complcle sci of plans Includes
dimensioned fJoor plans, clcvanons, and
sectional drawings, IS well IS dc11ils ror
tricky areas and elccuical, plumbing. and
hcatin plans.
~o build a umber or ocher pre-cut
house. a farm plan is necessary. If much of
lhc consttuctlon is to be contnetcd out,
complete plans will make lhe work much
smoolhcr and much less expensive. Good
• Clllldmued oa ma1 pop.
KAn.JAH • PIF S
�FOUNDATIONS
In Katiiah the best foundation is
mnsonry. For lo ngevity, bug-proofing, and
structural 1megri1y, ~11he house on a stone,
0
block, or concrete foundation 16 1 24
inches deep. Unless the slopes arc very
siecp or the ground is very \Oft, this is
suflicient for this region.
Having said this, I will add 1h:11 a
time-honored Katuah foundation is
debarked, v. inter-cut, black locust posts set
about 30 inches into the earth with a n.11
stone m the bottom of the hole. This can be
a very effective method for n quick
beginning 10 a structure built to last 30 ye:in.
or less. (Of course. posts can be replaced 10
extend 1h1s lifespan.) llus would still outlast
most suburban hou~e~ constructed today.
for these arc built to a 25 year life
expectancy.
My favorite foundauon is stone.
Begin the wall 16 to 30 inches below the
surface and build to whatever height is
needed. Another easy foundation is the
"grade beam" as used by Frank Lloyd
Wright.
If the site is sloped, instead of making
one large cut, you might consider stepping
the foundation in small cut-and-fill
operations to save time and money (see
diagram 2).
Foundation insulation is optional, but
if it is used, it must extend at least two feet
below grade (ground level).
Proper drainage is imponant 10 a
lasting foundation. A foundation drain is
standard. The site must be graded, so that
water runs away from the house. If
necessary, French drains can be located a
few feet from the drip line in cases with
Clltrcmc runoff problems.
Photo by Adam Cohen
Wood floors arc quite cozy and
warm. Finished flooring can be laid on
rough-cut joists and subflooring material.
Planed tongue-and-groove finished floor is
the most desirable, but an inexpensive and
serviceable floor can be made by gluing and
nailing well-dried boards 10 the sublloor.
Should cracks appear between the boards,
they can be pointed with grouL
R..OORS
There arc many types of flooring
materials. If someone really wants 10 be
"grounded," the easiest floor is din. Din
and cement can be mixed for a durable
floor. A plain concrete slab can be used or
stone, brick, or tile may be laid on. Smooth
creek rock makes a pleasing floor surface. If
one spent one hour a day collecting small
creek rocks, in two weeks one would have
enough creek rock 10 do a large floor. If
desired, the perimeter of such a floor can be
insulated.
Soapstone is the best flooring material
for solar storage and radiance, in my
opinion, and is readily available in Katuah.
KATUAH - page 6
WAU..S
Sundard "balloon" framing is simple,
lightweight, and easy to cover. Use
rough-cut or recycled framing rru1tcrials for
the best price.
My favorite wood technique for
building wood-supponed walls is 10 use
large, upright members and fill in with
stucco, bricks, glass, bottles, stone, glazed
block, bone, or anything else you can set in
monar. Windows arc framed in with
rough-cut wood when using this method.
Masonry walls arc relatively
inexpensive, if stone can be gathered for
free. To speed up construction, a back-form
can be used to give a wall that has one side
stone and one side stucco (see diagram 3).
To construct frce-fonn structures, use rcbar
and plaster lath 10 create free-shaped forms
on which to lay cement I believe this offers
some of the freest expression available in
architecture.
It is important when designing walls
to think about windows. l cannot stress
enough how imponant it is 10 have as much
glazing as possible on the south side of a
home. The sun is vital, and the more of itS
radiance we can bring into our houses, the
healthier we and they arc. The north side of
the building is the darker side and takes the
STO!llE.--....
M~AP,
fcD~ fL'('tl<X(?
Z"4'
~- UP
fO~M
WINTER 1987-88
�The walls,floor, and roof merely hold the nothingness
that is the living space. The actual envelope which
contains these spaces can be any shape or form.
brunt of the cold winter winds, so
nonh-facing windows should be small and
well scaled. East and west walls also should
have windows, and these should be able to
open to welcome in the cooling summer
breezes from wherever they may blow.
Window quilts are easy to make.
They conserve wannth in the winter, if they
are put up when the sun sets to keep the
day's wanntb in and the night's cold out.
It is also important to know that
wiring, plumbing, and heating features may
be put in the walls. These must be
considered when naming. It is too late
afterwards.
1HEROOF
"Putting a roof over our heads" is not
just a figure of speech. The house roof not
only keeps rain off, but it can let light in,
hold solar equipment, and shape the interior
space. ln designing the roof, consider: Docs
the house want skylights? How will water
flow off the roof? Where should extra
bracing be put for solar panels? What shape
and how high should the ceiling be? There
nrc many possible combinations of answers.
I strongly believe roofs should not be
flat in Katuah. Even a sod roof should have
a slope for drainage. Flat roofs eventually
leak. Wood frame roofs can be built on a
flat or a curved plane. It is possible to frame
a curved shape out of suaight lumber.
Galvanized steel or shingles arc the
most common roofing materials. Both are
readily available and relatively inexpensive.
I have buih some roofs with rcbar and lath
using insulating cement covered with either
concrete or a strong cement scaler.
For a good discussion of roof shapes.
I suggest reading The Owner-Built Home
by Ken Kern and A Timeless Way of
Bu1ldjng by Christopher Alexander (sec
resource list, page 15).
Windows may be obtained from old
houses, a window factory may sell seconds,
or a neighbor might have a few old
windows stacked up in the back of the
garage.
Material hunting takes time, but it
does not cost a lot, it is fun, and it results in
a more individualized slructurc.
Heating with water in a wood-fired boiler is
the most healthy and practical system to
warm a house during Katiiah's cold
winters.
Catalytic converters arc a cheap way
to help the environ men" and I advocate their
use on all woodbuming stoves.
INSIDE OUT
SANITATION
I recommend the use of the passive
solar composting toilet (sec p. 15) in
combination with a grey water irrigation
system to process human wastes. I strongly
believe that the passive solar composler is
the most efficient way to take care of human
waste, cspccially in Katiiah, where the land
is generally mountainous, and septic fields
do not function well.
The time is coming when many
families in Katuah will handle human
wastes in a methane digester. It might take
the impetus of economic collapse to make it
common, but the digester can compost
waste and produce fuel as well. Septic fields
and waste treatment centers are barbaric
technologies and should be phased out in
favor of cleaner, better integrated systems.
The indoor/outdoor connection is
imponant. I suggest the use of decks,
covered areas, walkways, porches, living
trellises, and other connecting spaces to
draw inhabitants out into the fresh air and
sunshine. An outdoor kitchen, sleeping
areas, and living areas can be used most of
the year. The more exposure to air and
weather a person has, the more vibrant and
healthy that person's life will be.
All these aspects should be taken inlo
consideration in the design and conslJ'\Jction
process. What I have listed here is an
outline of ideas and techniques. tf the reader
is interested in further details and
correspondence on any of these or other
building ideas, please write me: Adam
Cohen; RL I, Box 217; Oteck. VA 24072
HEATING
How we get our heat is important to
our health. Wood or coal stoves arc drying,
dangerous, diny, and generally unhealthy.
MATERIALS
An important aspect of economical
building is materials. The way to build 11
house for $3.00 per square foot is to choose
a design that utilizes simple materials.
Check what is locally available for free or
for cheap. For example, in nonhc:m K:nuah
the population is one-third of what it was in
the 1930's. There remains a lot of empt}'
structures which contain materials that can
be recycled. Stone piles, brick, and glass
can also be found for free or for minimal
expense Local lumber mills have rough-cut
lumber and seconds at low prices. Local
building material factories may have
inexpensive seconds as well. Auctions
provide another source for che11p materials.
WINTER 1987-88
Photo t:sy Adam COhen
KATUAll ·page 7
�and interpersonal relationships develop. By reviewing a few
design patterns one quickly understands how shelter shapes
our daily life both practically and spiritually.
Consider the one room poplar log cabin built on a
stone foundation. When approaching this cabin one
immediately feels a cenain rustic blend of the canh with the
stone and log much as the mountain landscape itself. Take
this log cabin and set it into the side of a mountain so that the
earth covers the back wall, wraps the comers of the building,
and gradually slopes to floor level on the sides. The front of
the building is poplar logs on o stone foundatioon. From the
top of the hill one looks down and secs the cedar shingle roof
of the house and eanh. Walking around the front and sides of
the building one feels a sense of wannth. The cabin appears
to nestle into the mountainside. Windows on the front and
side walls let daylight and moonlight into the cabin.
We walk up the front steps 10 an open porch. It is
winter. PostS and beams cover the deck, but the roof panels
have been removed. The front wall faces due south, so that
winter sun passes into the cabin. The prevailing nonhwest
winter winds are blocked by a shelterbeh of white pines that
were left when the forest was selectively thinned before the
cabin was built.
poplar I"~ walls moder.Ile lhc comfon in the cabin as "ell.
Sp1mual nrchitccturc creates intu11ive space; ~pace
\lthere interaction between structural and human clements
takes place. Where the wall provokes new ideas, oot beC3use
the wall speaks to us, but because the wall speaks with
everything in the environment The ~r in the space is infused
whh hght, heat, :ind moisture as byprodu1."1S of the physical
surroundings. intensity of color, temperature, and humidity
all in1CI11C1 to create a unique ambience of space. I breathe this
ambience and it enters my bloodstream through my lungs. I
view this body as my cabin. A certain quality lives in this
cabin and the quality is a result of everything in it and around
it
A cool shadow wakes me.The late afternoon sun line
angles off of my body, as I sit up on the slate floor. I get up
and go wash my face in the kitchen sink in the southwest
comer of the room. I am splashing sunlight onto my face,
sunlight absorbed into tanks of water located off the
southeast comer of the front porch. Water enters the tanks
from a reservoir located about 100 vertical feet above the
cabin. Gravity pressure gives the cabin plumbing a sLrong
flow of water. An indoor shower is heated with solar energy
when available, and a large outdoor tub is heated by a wood
tire directly underneath. The overflow from the reservoir
empties into a small creek that maintains a steady flow of
water twelve months a year. Toward the bottom of the valley
a rom pump pushes water back up to a second reservoir near
cabin elevation. This second reservoir provides water for
irrigation of a fruit orchard, a terraced vegetable garden,
larger crop fields, 11 solar greenhouse, and assoned animals
and poultry.
Entering the cabin, one
feels a warmth shining from the
sunlight scattering across the slate
floor and glowing from the coals
of a masonry heater built into a
central chimney that passes up
through a cathedral ceiling.
The stonework on the
chimney is primitive and
beautiful, and as l walk over to
lean against it, l feel heat
radiating from the stone. I tum
and rest my back against the
stone and press my palms against
the warmth. The slate floor
attracts me and my hand reaches
for the sun-drenched gray. lt, too,
is warm to the touch. Walkin2
across the cabin, I find the nonh wall refreshingly cool, as
though the earth on the other side is touching me. I circle the
fireplace a few times and strangely miss the feeling of
comers in the cabin. An indoor-outdoor thermometer hangs
on the wall - indoor temperature, 72 degrees; outdoor
temperature, 15 degrees. The sun is high on this winter
noon.
Shelter can become more th:in just a place to stay warm
or dry It also can be :in experience of emotion stimulated by
our sensory responses.
When we speak of "appropriate" housing or
"appropriate" technology. the word "appropriate" has many
levels of meaning. I may feel lazy, like taking a nap in this
solar heat. That's appropriate for me. On a cold, winter day,
I set a one hour morning fire in the masonry heater 10 heat up
the chimney. That's it.
Let the contoul'l> of the land. the movement of the sun
and canh, and the shell of this mountain home follow their
natural course. That is appropriate, 100.
In my afternoon slumber on the wann slate floor, I
think of summer. The sun will not touch the slate floor then.
The roof panels will be in place so the south porch will be in
shade. The dense floor will remain cool just as the nonh wall
docs. Off the southeast and southwest comers of the cabin
the hickory trees are in full leaf and they block out the hot
morning and afternoon sun Windows on the cast. west, and
south walls allow breezes 10 blow through the cabin. Ilidden
an the ceiling framing is insulauon, the guardian of comfon.
Heat from the sun passes slowly through the exposed roof
and is vented through openings around the chimney. The
Waste products arc
disposed of in specific ways.
Human waste is taken care of in
an aesthetic, two stall outhouse.
Grey water from dish, clothes,
and people washing is drained
from the cabin into a gravel-filled
dry welJ just below the house.
Burnable trash is used in wood
burning, or incinerated. Plastic~
glass, aluminum, and other
recyclables arc collected and
delivered to tbe local recycling
center.
All of the energy systems
reviewed in this cabin so far
required no electricity for
operation. Electricity is a precious
energy form and should only be used where there is no other
practical substitute. Refrigerarion and cooking are the major
electricity consuming appliances, so in this house there is an
energy-efficient LP gas refrigerator and a gas stove. Beller to
use gns on site and utilize approximately 80 percent' of its
available heat thnn electricity, which, by the time it gcrs 10
your house. only provides about 30 percent of its available
heat.
The solar clothes dryer is a fifty foot rope suspended
between two poles. So the only major appliance needing
electricity is the washing machine. Other than the washing
machine, the house if outfiued 10 provide electricity for
lights, stereo, computer, blender, and other small
miscellaneous ncms.
The creek docs not have enough flow of water to
generate adequate electricity for a small hydroelectric system.
and wind pauems are too irregular around the house site for a
"'ind generator. The final choice for electricity generation is a
photovoltaic system that generates electricity. The solar
electric panels are mounted on the south facing roof pitch of
the cabin and feed into deep cycle batteries, where electricity
•~ stored and sent 10 the appliances ns direct current.
So we have a simple plan for a mountain homestead.
The basic energy needs have been met with appropriate
technology, but the technology is incomplete without the
human behavior to complement it. We live in an age of
plastic and steel. Many of our daily needs are dependent on
oil drilled on the other side of the world and automobiles
built and assembled on two or more continents. One way to
control the use of energy on the planet is to seek out ways to
A MOUNTAIN HOME
Wnucn lltld 11lustnlltd by
Greg Olson
Shelter is our tilter from the clements of wind, water.
and sun. It lS also a ~work that shapes our environment
The home is an enclosure of space where sensory experience
conunual on 1'"£C 211
KATUAH - page 8
WINTER 1987-88
�A LOOK AT SOME HOMEMADE HOUSES IN KATUAH ...
Madison County, NC
Pho10 by Paul Galllmore
Floyd County, VA
A$he County, NC
Watauga County, NC
WINTER 1987-88
Photo by Rob Messick
Photo by Rob Messick
Floyd Coun1y, VA
Joci<son County, NC
Photo by Adam Cohen
Photo by Adam Cohen
Photo by Rob Messick
KATUAH ·page~
�by Marnie Muller
In considering your bomeplace, it is
important to understand the earth energies of
the place you arc choosing. Cultivating this
sense of listening lO the primal energies of a
place h;u been practiced by many culture~
over thousands of years. Aboriginal peoples
still pay anenuon to these forces. There arc
people in China who still consult with their
culnue's t:raditionalftng-shui masters.
Here in these mountains ofKatiiah, some
oldrlmers and "newtimers" listen lo earth
energies by means of dowsing n0t just for
water but also for the more subtle earth
energies.
Presently, there is a call for a "new"
geomancy in order to design human systems
in alignment with earth systems. The ancient
I Ching ( The Chinese Book of Changes)
speaks of The Great Ham:>0ny. By
perceiving the wider rhythms and energy
nows of the living earth system in which we
participate, we can team to harmonize our
individual energy with the wider
'symphony' of place. In particular, in the
specific place where we choose t.o live, we
can find out about itS special
energies-wind, water, light as well as the
more subtle realms--and become pan of the
process rather than a blockage to it
"The id. a or movement of energies in
e
the earth, of the chl or the earth, and of the
possibility of harmonizing with such
energies is very old. Associated ideas of
blood, water, breath, chi, spirit, circulation,
machine, and organism figure here. A 4th
century tcXt speaks of the earth, 'flowing
and communicating within itS body as if io
sinews and veins' (Needham, Scitnct and
Civilization in China]. A 14th century text,
of interest for current thinking about
"universal planetary grid" or "earth
acupuncture", refers to a "mysterious
network" thus: (it) spreads OUJ and joins
iogtther evtry pan ofthe roors of dll!
tarth. ..Thousands and ttn thousands of
horiU>fllal and VtrticaJ lltins liJce warp and
wtft weavt lbgtther in muJual
tmbraet ...Taking all (including land and
sta) as earth, the stcrtt and mystery is thot
the roots communicare with tach other "
(Steven Post. Ralst the Stakes)
Perceiving the Earth as a living,
functioning being, our species can begin to
redevelop a symbiotic rel.arionship with the
specific eanhplace where we dwell
Reacquainting ourselves with the ancient
slcills of listening to the vibrant, subtle earth
energies is a significant step in lhis process.
Then as we live our lives, each aspect from
homebuilding to right livelihood to
ceremony... will more deeply reflect the
undercurrent Life patterns.
;
,,#
"In China, the dragon is a symbol of the electrically charged,
dynamic, arousing force that manifests itself in the thunderstorm. In
winter this energy withdraws into the earth. In early summer it becomes
actjve again appearing in the sky as thunder and lightning."
From I Ching, Tht Chintse Book of Changes
Description of terms:
Earth Htru: Energy emanatlng from Ille e:inh,
dcieclible by b1otogical means (cg. dowsing) and
physical means (with sensitive detection
ins1111mcnis (cg. geiger countcrS)) though not
normally obvious to the casual observer unless in
an especially sensitive state.
F1ng Shu/: A Chinese system which recognizes
energy Oows and forms in the landscape. It 1J1Cludes
mclhods of modjfying these forms 10 amclionue the
"eneray climate" of a site. Ljterally. means
'wind/Wald.
Grom1ncy: 1lie science of putting human habitalS
and activities into harmony with the visible and
invisible world around us. "Themes and concepts
from architecture, gcomcuy, geography, cosmology,
art, archaeology. mctrology, numerology,
astronomy, astrology. surveying, religion, and
mythology. all complex subjccis in !heir own right,
t<1J1 be seen to have a common root in cenaio
ancient pnictices which related them to a special
place, lime, cosmic position and purposc •. .EV1dcnce
from a great number of sources indicat.es that thclC
is certainly aomcthing linking all these enigmatic
fac.ts and universal practices, an age·old and
venerable science which may be called geom1111Cy."
~!ck)
Dowsiac: A means of delecting seemingly
imperceptible obJCClS or subtle encrcies by the
feeJjng of a rod Olf pendulum held m the hand.
Traditional wattt divining using a farted haul rod is
a form of dowsing which has provided evidence of
sublle energies present at sacred sites.
Gala: To the ancient Oreets, Oa.ia was lhe Eal\h
Goddess. In more recent times the name has been
utilised by James Lovelock to describe the entire
bimyslem or our pbnet - all !ho pbnis ..... imab and
fungi. plus the atmosphere. the oceans and the soil.
The Gaia hypothesis suggests that the Eanh's
biosySlem as ~-regulating; that. for example, 11 is
able to conllOI ilS aunosphcric tcmperawre as well
as the composiuon or the air, sea and soil so es to
maintain the optimum conditions for the survival of
life on the planet.
Chi: 'brealh of nature' : basic energy
~ Sacnd Sites: Special eanh pbcea ""h1ch have the
'-- ~
'- quality of bnnging an individual tO •more auuncd
state with Nature. Often associated wilh having an
abundance of "minus" (or negative) ions in the
elccuanagnctic field.
Eartb Acupuncture: A way of regarding earth
energies whereby the living Earth is seen es an
equivnlent of the human body m acupuncture terms,
with the flows of energy along the meridians and
with special energy centers or "ac:upuncture points".
(Most of tltac tuwu Jul•c M•1t d~fuud ilt £.,11t;
MJSUrlu: Alt l!J1plorator1 l11tro4Mttl.,. l1y BriDn
lorkmms illtd Plul'P lfLUluHt.. P"'14'Md by IM Nortlt
Eortlt/.fµ:.eriaCl'Ollp.)
Suggested Reading:
The Earth Spirit: Its Ways, Shrines and
Mysteries. John Michell, Crossrond Publishing
Co., NY, NY. 197S.
The Ancient Scltnce or Geomancy. Nigel
Pennick, Thames llld Hudson. Ud., London. 1979.
Earth Wisdom. Dolores LaChapclle, Finn Hill
Arts, P.O. Box S42, Silverton, CO 81433. 1978.
Shu/: The Sci,nce or Sacred
Landcape In Old China. Ernest J. Eitel with
oommenwy by John Michell. Syoergctic Press, 24
Old GIOOCCSICr Sttt.ei. London WC I Engl:ind.1984.
Feng
"Geomancy: A Tawny Grammar", Steven
Post in Raise tlr.e Stakes, Sprint. 1984 . Plllnet
Drum FoundalJOll, P.O. Box 3t2SI, Snn Francisco,
CA 94131.
Gain: A New Look at Life on Earth. J.E.
Lovelock, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1979.
Tbe LMn1 Earth Manual of F•n1 Sh11I.
Su:phc:n Skinner OUt or print.
Nttdtcs or Stone. Tom Graves, Granado
Publishing Ltd., NY, NY.1978.
Tbe Divining !land: Tbe 500 Year Old
Mystery or Oowslnc. Cllristophcr Bird, New
Age Press. P.O. Box 1216. Blaet Mountain, NC
28711. 1979, 1985.
The Ley Hunttrs Manual: A Guide to
Early Tracks. Alfred Watkins, Turnstone Press,
Ltd., Wellingborough, Nonh Hampton~ire. 1927, /
1983
/
~----
"
•
14
~~----~;;.uonbyM~M~l~-~
KATUAH - page JO
)
I
~,~,
\\\
WlNTER 1987-88
�Earth-Sheltered Living
by Scott Bird
From prehistoric Limes to present, human beings have
lived sheltered by/within the Earth... in caves, within rock
wwls and cliffs. and in earth-covered lodges and houses. In
some pans of the world, members of tribes have gathered
toge1her to build their homes in common, underground.
Ciries housing thousands have been builL
Stone age cave dwellers who used nruural cave
forma1ions for shelter, pro1ec1ion, and temperature
moderation, benefiued from 1he even tempero1ures of living
within the Eruth. For example, the year round 1empera1ure in
the Mammoth Cave in Kemucky is 54 degrees F.
In many pans of 1he world today earth-sheltered
homes are a common way to build and live, especially in
China where over 10,000,000 people live in earth-sheltered
spaces in the provinces of Shensi, Shansu, Kansu and
Henan. Their earth-sheltered population has numbered in 1he
millions for generations, where schools, workplaces,
temples and shrines have been part of the underground
landscape since the 5th century BC, complete with gardens
on the roofs.
The mountain village of Matmara in Tunisia is home to
between 5·6,000 people where most shehers are
underground. An open counyard connects the individual
homes. Pedestrian tunnels connect different families of the
tribe to the main social group. Rooms are built with curved
walls and ceilings. In the center of each courtyard is a cistern
which is used to collect and store water with a system of
water pus.
In Cappadocia, a mountainous, barren region in
Turkey with severely exLreme temperatures, villagers have
lived continuously in 41 under~round cities since the 3rd
century. Some cities are built on as many as 10 levels and
house 30.000 people.
On this continent, the Pueblo Indian ruins at Mesa
Verde in southwestern Colorado were hollowed-out cliffs
built around 300 AD with rooms up to 80 feet in diameter.
Other native peoples of the southwest built earth-covered
winter homes and kivas.
Here within the Katuah province, the Cherokee
lndinns constructed earth-covered winter homes and lodges
(see "Good Medicine," page 18 of this issue).
Pioneer dugouls were built in the Great Plains in the
late 19th century as white people pushed wesrward. Building
materials were scarce, so grass and s:>il becl:me the simple
materials with which the pioneer families made their homes.
Though most of the structures were free-standing sod
houses, which were vulnerable and shon-lived, some
families actually excavated dugout shelters in the earth.
Today within the area of the United States. it is
estimated that there a.re between 4-5,000 earth-covered
homes and an undetermined number of earth-benned or
eanh-sheltered homes, that far outnumber those totally
eanh·covered. Once again, it seems that eanh-covered and
earth-sheltered houses are being accepted by the mainstream
population.
Eanh-sheltered homes today qualify for immediate
financing and immediate insurance, and they have gain~ a
high level of consumer acceptance. Earyh shelters ai:e ~mg
built by many .ltl"OUPS of people: the punsts, the surv1vaJ1sts,
the environmentalists, and ordinary citizens, who might
live, for example, on the Great Plains, which are subject to
tornadoes and proirie fl.res. And th~n there. are !hose who
simply want to tower their home heanng/cooling bills.
Earth·benning or eanh·sheltering means simply
bringing the earth as high as possible around a structure on
the nonh east, and west sides, leaving the south completely
open to 'accept the w~th of the sun. i:tie Tf'Of is of
conventional construeuon, though heavily insWa1ed.
Earth-covued homes, however, entail significantly more
expense to provide for extra load-bearing capaciry for the
roof, complete waterproofing, and the expense of
eanh-moving.
People who choose to live sheltered by/within the
Earth, do so for many iusons. In a house protec~ed by
Earth, both winter winds and summer heat have less impact
on the interior. The house takes advantage of the more even,
moderate temperature changes of the Earth. Earth-sheltered
buildings require less heating fuel and, therefore, relieve
pressure on our over-extended biosphere and pocketbook. If
planned carcfutJy, eanh·sheltered homes provide all the light
and ventilation of an above-ground home. Eanh·protected
homes are quieter, require less upkeep. are safer from natural
and human-made disasters. They arc also less of an
imposition on the life around them.
EARTH SHELTER UNDER CONSTRUCTION NEAR
BLOWING ROCK, NC. Dalaaed and built bJ Scott Bird.
- continued on next page
photos by Rob Musick
WINTER 1987·88
KATIJAH - page 1 l
�...................·.....·.................... ········· .... .
·continued from page 11
As you begin on the canh shelter path, the best place
to start is your library. Begin reading about earth-sheltering,
subscribe to a journal or two. Talk to others who have buil1
earth-sheltered homes in your area. Look for the pros and
cons of each design.
When you finally choose a home site, spend as much
time there as possible. Get 10 know 1hc sun's path there, 1hc
drainage patterns, c1c. Also spend time observing what
wildlife lives there in order to determine how you will share
the habitlt. Observe the wind pauems for your locale.
Also begin an inventory of your land. Arc there natural
wind fences on your land that will help to protect your
homesite? What is your soil composition? The soil rypc will
significantly effect the buildi~ process. What water is in the
immediate area? Engaging a local dowser may prevent a lot
of trouble and heanache down the road. Besides locating a
drinking water source, a dowser can also detect shallow
water veins as well as other complications that may be
present to your possible homcsite.
Resource List
for Earth Shelter Construction and Design:
Tiie llandbook of Earth Sl1elter Design. Make
Edelhart. A Dolphin Book, Doubleday & Company, Inc.,
Garden City, NY 1982.
This book is highly recommetUledfor purring you in touch
with the Earth Shelter movement. Very clear and inclusive,
lists earth shelter organizations, earrh shelter periodicals,
articles on earth sheltering. books, films, as well as earth
shelter designers, solar infonnarion by state, etc.
Ear th Shelttred Housing Design : Guidelin es,
Examples, and References. Underground Space Center,
University of Minnesota. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.• Inc.,
During the energy cns1s of the I970's, people were
drawn cowards 1he lower fuel costs of solar, superinsulated
and earth-shehered homes. As the fossil fuel economy
rebounded, in1erest in earth·sheltering slackened as was
evidenced in a major earth shelter journal falling from over
18,000 subscribers to a present 2.000 subscriber b:ise.
People once again misiakenly believed thal the fossil fuel
supply was endless. Now as our economy faces 1hc
possibilily of a major collapse, reliable, energy-efficienl
earth-sheltered housing will once again offer an attractive
op1ion.
At the turn of chis century, Baldasarc Fores1iere spenl
38 years constructing/sculp1ing 65 rooms, courtyards,
grouos. 11nd gardens beneath 7 acres 10 Fn;sno, California.
The work was complete with atnums and rooms designed to
catch 1hc sun. The rooms contained many forms of plant life
including one tree 20 feel underground that was grafted with
7 differen1 kinds of citrus fruil. As Baldasare Foresticre's
cffons within the Eanh were aesthetic as well as func1ional,
we 100 can develop 1hc sensitivity to create a form of Eanh
sculpture with our earth-sheltered home designs. h is also
time in our hist0ry for us to re-establish a spiritual
communion with the planet, and living in an earth-sheltered
home is literally "close to the Earth."
As a professional homebuilder, the best advice I can
give prospective owners of earth shelter homes is to stay
closely involved throughout the entire home construction
project. Paradoxical as it may seem, special sensitivity is
most needed during the initial excavation of the home site.
This can make the difference between a site that looks as if it
has been cleared for a shopping mall and a homcsite that has
been carefully carved out of the Earth with respect and care.
You, the owner/dweller, will be the one to know how the
Earth looks and feels after the whole building process is
completed.
The solar warmth pcnncating a structure sitting in the
protective lap of Mother Earth can make each day a joy whe~~
one chooses to live with/within the Earth.
P"
Scott Bird is a professio11al residential designer
atUI builder of conven1ional atUI earth-sheltered homes in
the Katiial1 region. He works with Appalachian Building
& Design.
I
Earth -Sheltered H abitat: llistory, Architecture and
Urban Design . Gideon S. Golany. Van Nostrand
Reinhold Co., Inc., 1983.
Notes and bibliography in back of boolc are rich in research.
The $50 and Up Underground House Book. Mike
Ohler. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., 1981.
Ear th Shelte red Homes: Plans and Designs.
Underground Space Center, University of Minnesota. Van
Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., 1981.
Construction information, plans and energy data for 23
successful earth-sheltered I~
A real bible/or ti~ Eanh Shelter fTl()vement, will help quiet
fears and insecurities concerning earth shelter planning,
design, building and living.
Untluground S poc•
Dept. of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of
Minncsoia, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Bi-fTl()nthly journal of the American Underground-Space
Assoc.
Natural Solar A rchitecture: A Passive Primtr.
David Wnght. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc.. 1978.
Wonderful. sensitive design with Earth, sun. and
environmenl working rogerher
Underline
Underground Space Center, 790 CME, 500 Pillsbury Dr.
SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Qiurerly
Underground House Book. Stu Campbell. Garden Way
Publishing Co., Charlotte, VT, 1980.
The favorite of many.
E n ergy Inform
3528 Dodge, Omaha, NE 68131
Complete bibliography of earth-sheltered writings. $5.00
1978.
KATUAH - page 12
WIN'ffiR 1987-88
�..............·•• ••••·• .·~11 •• ••••••••••••••••.• •·•·• .......... •·•·•••••• •••••••••·••·• •·•·••• ..... ........................................... •·•·• ........ •·•·••••·•·•·•••·• •·••• •••••••••••••• -•••
•
..::··
Through the whole spectrum of
living systems, from planet Eanh to a living
cell, the natural world is abundnnt in
rounded fonns. Within this synergetic order
the organizing principle of a covering, or
membrane, that meets 11self around a
nucleus is the basis of any regenerative
structure. Found in anim31 bodies and the
homes they build, as well as in the shnpe of
plants, their seeds and the housing for their
seed$, is this dynamic pnuern of a
membrane with inward and outward curves
being strong, insulative, protcctive, and
interactive with environments.
With this example human beings can
build sheller that is in tune with these
patterns and can rejoice in this resonance.
Ovoid, spiral, polyhedral, and branching
designs are a practical and pleasing
alternative to many of the dull rectangular
schemes we now employ. These ovolo lend
themselves 10 many styles and uses as a
way of dwelling wirhin surroundings.
.
'.
·:
::
..
.•
·:
..
.·
(conUll!JCld on s-sc 18)
..
:·
..
·.
.
'
'
'~
..
.:
'
':...
© Drawings and Text by Rob Messick~
•/
wn-(rnR.. i'9s7:sil .... ········· ···· ·.. ··· ··· ··· ...... ,... ,. · ···· ····· ... ···.··· .. ······ ·......... ·· ····.... ··· ····· ··· ·.... ·.......··· ·· ··· ··· ···KA.ru.;.:1:i :·p~.&~ 13
�BRUSH SHELTER
by Snow Bear
As I.he autumn chill deepened into the sharp cold of winter,
it was important for native peoples to have a place to keep
wann when they were out hunting, away from their villages.
By watching how squirrels kept themselves andtheir young
warm and dry, native peoples learned the lesson of how to
build a stick and leaf nest It was a good way to keep warm
and dry without a fire. Here is a description of how to make
a temporary, primitive brush hut similar to those of the native
peoples here.
The brush hut provides warmth and shelter from rain and
snow, requiring no cordage or canvas in its construction. I
have spent a comfonable 15 degree night in such a hut with
no sleeping bag. When well made, it will shed heavy rain;
snow laying upon it becomes additional insulation. It takes
about I 1/2 -2 hours for a single person to make a shelter.
Unden;iand, however, it is not a home or a workplace when
made 10 cap1u~ body heat. An additional lean-co srrucrurc
can fill the need for workspace; it can be made using the
same method.
The idea is simple: to construct a low shelter framework
with dead and down branches and cover it thickly with leaf
liner from the forest noor. Essential to the Structure is a
strong ridge pole, at least nine feet long, placed wilhin the
fork of a living tree, three feet off the ground. In the absence
of a forked tree the proper height, I have used a strong, three
foot forked branch leaned against a tree trunk and secured
wuh long stakes pounded into I.he ground with a rock.
Staning at the end of the ridge pole that lies upon the
ground, stack branches up against the ridge pole. As you
place branches, alternate from side to side of the ridge pole;
the tops of the branches will interlock to keep the branches
from sliding off the ridge and serving to anchor the leaves at
the ridge. Remember to make the shelter at least twice as
SfAKE
'flALL
wide as your body: this will make a low, wide framework
that will keep its leaves in heavy wind. Less heat will escape
if your door opening is narrow and low. You can make a low
door after leaves have been put inside by using two forked
sticks to support a stout branch for a door lintel (see
dingrJm).
KATUAll ·page 14
Begin covering by using dry leaves. Always put leaves on
the top of the side you are working on; they will settle in to
the pince they are most needed. O>ver in dry leaves so thnt
when you push your hand in to touch the stick framework,
the leaves come up past your elbow. This is essential for n
brush hut that will shed rain. Then, if available, use leaves
(from beneath the dry, crackJy leaves of the forest floor) that
are maned and compressed. These can be lifted off the
ground like shingles. Start at the bonom and lay them in
rows, overlapping each row. If any funher anchoring is
needed, you can use branches. laying them upright as you
did to make the frame.
To stay wann in winter weather, further insulation is
needed. Fill the inside with dry leaves, then wriggle in and
roll side to side until the leaves are compressed into a
"mattress". Do this at least four times to get a mattreSs that
will stay 8"-10" thick when you lay upon it. Then fill it once
more with leaves (pack them in!) and crawl in. To funher
retain heat, you can weave a door plug with thin green tree
branches. After you crawl in, pull the door plug closed from
inside and pile leaves against it You may need to leave a vent
:11 thc top or the door plug.
Spend many hours in practice before you rely upon your
skill for your well-being. This is true of any primitive
camping skill It would be good to make at least six shelters
before testing your skill on a subfreezing winter's night. The
consequences of a mistake in building your brush hut could
be hypothermia and death.
Building a brush hut is bu1 one of many vnluable
skills the old time Cherokee practiced; they were a people
who could stay warm, dry, well fed, clothed, nnd
comfonable with nothing but a knife as their basic tool. May
we keep these skills alive, that our people may live in,,.; #
strength nnd well being.
,P'
Wll\.'TFR 19R7-811
�Resources on Build ing & Design:
Books:
I.ow-Cost, EntrtY Cfllcltnt SMltu for
tht Owner and JJulldtr, Edited by Eugene
Ecch. RO<ble Press lnc , Emm3us, PA 1~9.
1976.
Furoctmtnt: Bulldlnt with Ctmtnt,
Sand. and \Virt .Hnh, Sunlcy Aben:romb1c.
Sc hockcn Books. NY. 1977
Tht /Jousts of Mankind, Cohn Dul y.
Thom:is and Hudson, NY, 1979
Arrosanti, An Urban Laboratory, Paolo
Solen. Avant Books. 191!4.
Natural Solar Auhltuturr: A Passil'r
Primtr, 03vid Wright , Environmcnul Architect.
Van :>;osunnd Reinhold Co.• 1978.
Tht Tao Of Archllutuu, Amos th T1ao
Chang Princc10n Univ Prc.~s. 1956.
Tht Tfmlftu \Vay of Building
A Patttrn longuagt
Tht Oregon Expufment
ChrislOphcr Alexander, Cl al. Oxford Unrver.ity
Prc..<;,<;, NY.
From Tht Ground Up, John N. Cole and
ChNI~ Wing. L1Ulc, Brown and Co.. 1976.
Tht Stcond Old llou1t Catalogue, compiled
by Lawrence Grow. Universe Books. NY, NY,
1978.
&mh Shtlttr, David Martindale. E.P. Duuon,
NY. 1981.
Passive Solar ArC'hlttcturt- Loglc a nd
Btauty, David Wright and Dennis A.Andrejko.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1982.
An Agt of Barns. Enc Sloane Ballantine
Books, NY. 1967.
l.og Bultdtrs l/andbuok, Drew Lang~ncr.
Rod31e Press, Emmau~. PA 18049
Shelttr, Shelter Publications. Mounuun Boot..s.
P.O. Box 4811. Santo Barbara, CA 93103, 1973.
Tht
Vittait
as
Solar
Ero loty,
Procttdings of Tht Ntw
Alrht1t11
Thrtshold Gtntrir Dtsign Conftrtnrt,
E.Wlc.d by John Todd and 1':inc)· Jack Todd, The :'\cw
Alchemy lns111u1c. 237 Hatchvillc Road. East
Falmouth. MA 02536, 1980.
llandmadt 1/ouscs, A Guidt to /ht
Woodbutchu's 1t r1, An Bocricke and Barry
Shapiro. Scnm~haw Press, San Franci"Co, CA.
1973
Tht Compltte LOI I/oust Boole,
Do le
M;inn and R1ch:ird Slmuhs. McGraw-Hall, 1979.
Building tht lltwn I.of lloust, Charle~
McRoven Thoma~ Y. Crowell Publishers, NY.
1978.
llandcrafted Doors and Windows, Amy
ZolTarano Rowland. Rocblc, 1982.
Mud, Spac1 and Spirit: 1/andmadt Adobe,
Virginia Gray, Alan Macrae, & Wayne McCall
Capra Press, Sllllta B:irb:lra. CA. 1976.
A Goldtn Thrtad: 2500 Ytars of Solar
Archittcturt and Tuhnoto11. Ken Buui and
John Perlin. Cheshire Books, 19n.
Fantastic A rchlttcture: Personal and
Ecctntric Visions, Michael Scboyt and loost
Elfers. Harry N. Adams, Inc. NY, 1980.
Tht Owntr Built llomt; Tht Owner Built
Homestead ; Th t OM
•ntr Built Homtsttad
Rtvisittd, Ken Kem. Scnbners, NY.
How lo Malet Eltctrlcily from Wlnd,\Vattr
and Sunshlnt, John A. Kucd:en. Tab Boob,
Inc., Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214, 1979
Rtin habltl ng
CitltS
a nd
Towns :
Dtslg nin1 for S us1ainability, John Todd
w1lb George Tul.cl Planet Drum Foundation,
P.O.Boit 3 I2S I, San Francisco. CA 94 131
Ptrmaculturt Ont. Bill Mollison and Da-.d
Holmgren , 1978. Pumaculturt Two. Bill
Molljson . 1979. Tagan Books, P.O. Boll 96,
Sunlcy, Ta~mania. 7331 Austmlia.
Dwtlting, by River, FrceslODC Publishing Co..
1974.
Pe r iodicals:
Adbbt Ntv. s, P.O. Boll 702. Los Lunas. N\1 87031
Ntw Shtlttr Magaunt, 33 Ea~t Minor Street
Emmaus, PA 1!!049
Altunatiw Sourcn of Energy. 107 S. Ccntml Ave ..
Milaca, MN S6JS3
New England Builder. The Journal of Light
Construction , P.O. Boll 278. Montpelier, VT
0.5(,02
FiM llomtbu1ldin1. Thc Tauton Press, Inc., 63
South M3in StrccL Newtown, CT 06470
Fine Wood Workin1. lllc Tauton Press. Inc ..
63 South Milin Street Newtown, CT 06470
Thi! Solar Collector (Soon to be The South/ace
Journal of Energy and Building Technology).
Published by the Southfnce Energy Institute. P.O.
Box S506, Atlanta, GA 30307
PASSIVE SOLAR COMPOSTING
TOILET
The typical live gallon flush IOilet consumes
approitim3tcly half of a household's conswnpl.ion of
water. This is about 12,000 gallons of waier / pu
person I pu yea to carTY 165 gllllons or body waste
co the place or disposal . What rcsulis is:
• Large amounis of valuable and sc:arcc pure
drinking Wlller is used
• Ground water and surface water is polluicd
• A useful, natural fertilizer is lost
• Energy-inicnsive nnd costly waste
ucatmcnt plnnis must be constructed
• The disposal of sewage sludge cau~
further pollution problems
We assume th:lt by nushmg and forgetting
we have solved the problem, yet in l'C3lity we have
only created several new ones. The watcrlcu
composting toilet is 11n alternative to these
problems. ll uses no water. thus chmmatlng
massive consumption used with Oush L01lcts The
<;i-lf.eonUlincd sy51Cm protects ground Md ~urface
wai.ers from conLDmmat1on. and valuable nu111ents
arc coo,·cncd into a s:in1tary nch humus lhal can be
applied directly to the orch:ud. MUmCnl3ls. and the
garden. With solar fC3llltCS, 11 needs no additional or
outside source of enctgy to complete the
decomposition, nnd there arc no mechanical or
moving parts. Because of thi~. 11 needs very hule
ml\inlCD311CC nnd l'CqWICS no additional Cllpcn5CS after
the original mst11llauon .. Watct conservation equals
energy conscrvalJOn m that no energy is nocdcd to
pump. store, or purify waste.
Compo5ting toilets arc a part of an
appropriate technology m that they renect a
low-cost soluuon to local problems. They are
simple co build and mam1:11n: nnd can be constructed
from locally available materials.
WINTER 1987-88
Scx,.b.\>I
:5 .·.
·
C.IW11'E:Y ·: " .:
lllc toilet conslSls of a c:oocreie block vauh
with a sloping "air s11u-case• system (sec diagram).
The org:lllic was1A:S move down the St:lll'CISC at a rate
that will insure aerobic dccomposlllon by the time
they reach the final storage chamber. Aerobic
decomposition means th:lt the ocg:inic materials a.re
breaking down in the presence or oxygen. The
compost pile is aerated in three ways: Fir;t, the
incoming air stream 1s prchC3lcd by the flat plate
sol.3r hot air collcc10r (eliminating the noed for an
adcbtio1131 power $0UtCC). and brought undeme:llh the
"steps" of the air ~talrcasc so th31 the au can
Cll'Culate from the bouom and on up through the
center or the pile. Second. the air is conducted
through the slotted and perforated four inch PVC
pipe ducts that run through the center of the pile.
Third, air nows over and across the pile, ovnpor:ating
citccss moisture and pulling olT the carbon d1oudc.
The solar chimney drives off the air c1rculat1on
system for the compostct by allowing the sun to
heat the air in the black vent si.ack. thus causing a
n3tural draft . The warm air rises by natural
convection and in tum pulls more air through the
colleci.or and through the compost pilc... the cycle
goes on.
Also. u's 1
mponant to lldd af1tt C3Ch U5C a
scoop or "dry Oush" materi31 nch in
carbon, ~ch as &Tl.~' cilppmgs. sawdu~1. leaves.
peat. and 111ood ch1J>l' You're building a working
compost pile here so you need enough fibrous
mlllCriJIJ to miit with the wastes to keep the pile
loose so n1r cnn circulate through. All odors arc
released through the solar chimney which ensures
the bathroom is free from odors at all tim~. The
humw; which is remo"cd 1s ooly live to ten percent
of the original volume as 9Q.9S percent will be
transformed 11110 carbon dioxide and water ,.apor and
rcle:iscd through the 'cnt. It will l3kc 3J'Pr0llma1Cly
two ycatli for the f~t decomposition pcnod, then
with the continuous proce.~s. three to icn gal Ions or
humus will be produc.xl per pcrsonfpcr year.
generou~
Dct:uled blueprints an: available for
SIS.OOfrom
Long Branch Environmental
l:ducanon Center
Route 2. Boit 132
Leicester, NC 28748
(704) 683 3662
KATUAH ·page 15
�Review of Rua Sims Quillen's
October Dusk
JULIEANNA
Bi' Timber, Mon1:1113; Sc•cn BuIT:lloc:; Press; 1987. 26 p:igcs
This collection of twenry-thrcc poems is as invumg a.s
a cool front porch in summcnimc Md opens to the l"C3dcr a
~orld of Appalachian place, culture, and ritual.
In Quillen's poems we arc rooted in a place of apple
buucr IT\:lking and calf binhing; a place where people look to
the seasons to tell them what work needs to be done. Herc
arc hard laboring people who draw such conclusions as 'The
potatoes from the garden/ lie scattered in the grass./
Tomorrow we will son them I and store them for winter."
This dedication is an intimate and loving gesture which leads
the reader to assume the couple in the poem, who sit on their
front steps after a hard day's wcrk and whose "eyes meet in
the fading light," arc lhc poet and her husband on their own
fann. Such intimacy is typical of Quillen's poems and is
neither offensively confessional nor self-indulgent, but rather
comfonablc and interesting-a glimpse into a panicular
Appalachian family's world.
ln these p<>cms rich in Appalachian culture, we notice
the effects of ume. Sometimes we sense the new imposing
itself on the old, as in "Time To Go". Here an old woman
sees a countryside overtaken by "multi-level
houses"-symbols of the new "American dream". But she
also observes young people taking over an "aged" farmhouse
and "trying to live in another time": ... solemn young
women in earth-colored clothing I chop wood and raise
chickens." She realizes that people !Oday arc facing a "hard
time," perhaps too hard, and she knows she has lived long
enough.
We often see old generations passing, as in
"Julicanna", in which "Mamaw" sits by the window and
recalls her past, not sadly, but acutely: "She can still smell I a
hot kitchen full of men I after a hard day ...." She sits with
her granddaughter, sometimes thinking she hears her late
husband "Paw I saying 'Julie' I and she almost answers."
Such moments in QuiJJen's poems are poignant, tender, but
rarely, if ever, repetful.
They are ultimately not regretful because Quillen sees
renewal in the passing of time and people. The poem
"Sunday School Lesson" (dedicated to the poet's son)
investigates the notion of new generations replacing the old,
as the mothet' ponders "how each of my children I resembles
someone long dead .•.. /The boy is my father I reborn I
with red hair." I find this poem comforting and a beautiful
and quite appropriate conclusion'° the collection.
My favcrite poems, however, are those that deal with
Appalachian ritual, as in "Revival", a poem which depicts a
child's perception of an old-time church revival, an event
filled with ta1Jc of fire and brimstone and infused with the
Holy Spirit ("Many moaned, cried I said Yes Lord"). The
child is confused and " [runs] out of the shadow into the
clean nl&ht air". The poem doesn't pass judgement on the
revival, but certain! y captures the mystery of the ritual as
seen through a child's eyes.
A second of Quillen's poems set in the church,
"Meeting House," offcis a touching glimpse of another
country ritual: counship. In this poem we find z.ekc Bays
riding his "spooked" mule into a church service. It's not the
event itself, despite its quirkiness, that gives this .J>OC:m its
reason for being. Instead, the hean of the poem lies in its
theme: the discovery of love. While Zeke apologizes fcr his
actions, he keeps his eyes on Anna Compton, a young
woman in the congregation, and this gesture signals to
everyone, including Anna. what Zeke feels for her. They all
know that "Zc.ke [will) be the one I to teach her about loving,
I sing little songs to her in the dark." These "little songs" arc
the essence of romantic love and will be as sweet, no doubt,
as that dark countty night when Zeke will sing them.
What I ultimately find most appealing about QuiJJen's
poems is her use of the concrete, her interweaving of crisp
illlllges that l can visualize and metaphors I can savor. In her
poems is a mngible world where one sees a "spring burst of
white blossoms", and smells "A musry sweat smell" of a
crowded country church, and hears "little chimney sweeps I
(that! cry in the blackness". This is a living world, the poet's
own, J suspect, that she has opened to her readers. We are
invited in for a while, and here we can discover, ponder,
and, I think, enjoy ourselves immensely.
Mamawfin1Jlly swps 11Jlking
She siis birdlike by the window
on a green vinyl chair.
Her toothless mourh opens, closes
collapses right inlo the face.
Her hands circle slowly around and around
as she talks,
every ~·ein dark bltl.t and swollen.
I warch and wait
can'r take my eyes off her.
Siu: keeps glancing ar the clock on the mlllllel
then back at me.
Eyes dull like old window fXJlll!S
stare oUJ the window 01 yestudays
w/u:n she worked wirh Ju:r /'1llJll
in steamy fields.
She remembers her babies,
rwo alive and grown,
rwo dead at birth
blood coming out their ears.
She can stifl smell
a hot ldtchenfull ofmen
after a hard day,
feel her own light, quick srep
move sure through ti~ gardi!n.
Someti~ she thinks she hears Paw
saying "Julie'
and she almost answers.
We sit together while
the old 1111J11Je/ clock ticks loud,
louder.
Ouiside the quaner moon,
the least lighl ofall,
hangs in the air
resting lighlly then
like that last spoken word.
OCTOBER DUSK
The evening dark
falls all around me,
iJs warm bl'eaJh
casts a shadow on my face.
Sitting 011 my front steps,
I am a candle flame
drawing moths and moS41'iu>es,
holding the mo~nts in my cupped hands.
He sils quietly /:Ty~.
memories ofthe day's work
swift moving cowr shared
lilcefall leaves in the yard.
The pol/JJQes from the garden
lie scanued in the grass.
Tomo"ow we will sort them
and store thunfor winter.
His hand rests on my neck
as he slowly stands.
He off the other dirty hand
us
to help me up.
Our eyes meet in the fading lighl.
We go inside,
surrendtring to nighl,
d1t: sm411 ofeanh still strong.
- Julia Nunnally Duncan
KATuAH ·page 16
-------------------.,WINT;-;-;::;:-=E=:R:--:1~9-:::87::-·:-:88
�October Dusk
by Rita Sims Quillen
MEETING HOUSE
When Zeke Bays rode his mule in10 church
the sweating preacher froze
open-mol.UMd
in the middle of a Bible vuse
and the sranled men rtoched in rheir coaJS
fo r tlu! guns they left at home.
Aunt Becky Summey fainted 011 tlu! women's side,
a crowd rushed around her
as Zeke struggled wilh the mule,
its flat hooves senin~ up a deafening echo
on the rough plank floor.
H
What in tlu! \'.'Orldr S1Jmeone said.
Zeke meanJ co answer
bw the mule walked sideways
and jarred a pewfull of deacon's wives.
Anna Compron hid a s17Ule
untkr a~ whit.e hat
when ZekefiniUly managed
to steer the mule toward the door.
She watclied his hard, dark anns
pull aJ the rope.
noticed that full and STllOOth mouth,
tlu! long eyelashes
that made people say he was too pretty
fora man.
Pausing at the door,
Zeke apologized/or himself
and his wild, spooked anUnal.
said lu!'dfu the door.
Everyone tw7red to sr.are QI Anna
becm.ue he looked QI her as he talked.
She ~d red as her 111/)tWs tinnias.
She knew;
he did, too.
Now everyone probably saw ii:
Zeke would be the one
to reach her aboUI loving,
sing liltJe songs to her in the dart.
COLLAGE
TIME TOGO
Tire old woman
spits amber StilT$ in the dust
standing on a long road leading nowhere
except Elmwood Hills Subdivision
where ""'1ti-level houses stand mtJSt/y empty
save for the Nnuican dream
<fwe.r bars, color1V, and pool tables.
And on down the road a piece
a lane mOlk l1y VW buses pressing down tlu! grass
leads wan agedfarmhouse
where rusty bu.eke.rs carch waur from the roof
and solemn young women in earth-colored clothing
chop wood and raise cAfcAzns:
living, walking memories
trying w live in another time
while the old woman
keeps si/en1 waJch
She holds lu!r breath, st.anding and ware/ling
between the IWO
there in the stardusr rood,
pocks her jaw with more tobacco.
She's thin/clng what a hard time
they will all have
and congratu/ares herselffor living just long eno11gh.
WINTER 1987·88
I hold the dl.m picture close to the light.
The background ls faded:
an old man's silhouette on a barnwall.
black On 8rtl)'·
a shaft of white sun slashing his face.
He holds a bale of hay on his left shoulder,
expruslon dirta
dueEast-
overlapping with the tiny grantlson
in the foreground
lying Ill the crib,
seemingly soulless
in that sl«p beyond remembrance
known only to the M\'.born and rhe dead.
Yet surely there nwsr /lave been
ho~d puffs ofair
passing through rhose he.an-shaped lips,
the soft body rising with eoch breath..
The missing lin/c
is the old man's son the baby'sfarher out ofthe picture somewhere
where f Qlhers always are,
leaving me to wonder about JUm,
impatient wilh my owA curiosity.
Ile is1ust another man,
seed bearing seed.
Why do I go begging for meaning
in rhe accidenUJI double - expos11re?
KATUAH - pa!!,e 17
�In the old days "shelter" meant just
that: a place to sleep and to get out of the
weather. A building or a structure was
not a place where people spent their
·whole lives, as it is today.
Jn a modem city, people go from one building - where
they live, eat, and sleep - by car to another building where
they work, and then go back again. They even exercise in a
building! Only incidentally do they get out into the open air.
These people live in a completely anificial environment. They
regard the natural elements as inconveniences to be avoided.
When I was a boy living with my grandfather and
grandmother, we would take all the doors and windows off
the house in April. By the end of May we had moved the
wood cookstove outside under a liule shelter, and my
grandmother would cook out there. We also slept outside.
We did not have tents or sleeping bags, so we slept under a
liule brush arbor we built to keep the dew off us. We slept
there until thunderstorms or a wet spell of several days
would make us go back inside for awhile.
We lived oucside and did everything under the brush
arbor and under the O'CCS until the last pan of October. Then,
when the leaves fell, and it swted to get cool, we would put
the windows and doors back onto the house, move the
cookstove back inside, and Stan 11 up again.
But even in the wintertime we would use the dogtrot,
which was a wide, covered passageway between the two
pans of the house, as a place 10 shell beans. whittle or carve,
make baskets, or work on other projects. We would eat there
in summer when the weather was rainy and we had
company. Folks would always visit and socialize there. Out
there it was alright 10 smoke or chew tobacco and spit.
When my grandfather was a boy, his grandfather
was living with his family. The old man was a strong
influence on the boy, telling him many siorics about how the
Indian people used to do things. That is why my grandfather
always liked the idea of houses with cane mat walls, the way
they were built before the white settlers came. He used to say
that building a structure that lasted beyond one's lifetime was
a burden on the Earth.
Back before they were all cleared, the river bottoms
were full of thick-growing river cane. The cane was an
incredible material that was used for many purposes. One of
the main use:. was to m:ike $iding for the houses in the
villages along the river bouoms. The women wove the split
cane into mats that '"'ere ~even feet tall and six to ten feet
long. These were hung on a framework of poles stuck into
the ground in a circular pauem. Other poles were lashed
across for bracing and 10 suppon roof rafter;. The roof was
made of bundles of broormcdge grass. which is waxy and
oily and repch water. These were bound in place to make a
thatched roof. In this way the people could build a dry
structure 1n a very, very shon time. If the mats were still
good in the fall, they might roll them up and use them again.
In some of the larger, more permanent villages like
Peachtree or Old Echorn, they would daub the cane mats with
clay. In the smaller villages they would replace the mats
every year and never daub them. One time when we walked
across the field where Old Echota was formerly located, we
found chunks of hard clay that bore the imprints of whole
cane leaves and stalks that had been pan of the old houses.
They also would build small towers in the fields
among the com and squash plants. Kids would take rums
standing watch in the small buildings 10 head off marauding
animals and 10 throw stones at the crows.
The old com-cribs were also built off the ground.
They were made of thin poles and were well-daubed with
mud. Every crack, even around the doorway, was tightly
sealed to keep rats and mice out of the gnin. They put up
com, beans, and dried pumpkin in pots and checked their
stores frequently.
The only permnnent structures were the town house,
which was built on a mound at the center of the village, and
the asi 's, or hothouses. An asi was a family storehouse,
guest house, sweat lodge, and winter shelter. They were
eanh-covered structures that were built on the surrounding
hills above the fertile bouomlands.
The asi was low and na1, usually constructed on a
slight rise to help the water run off. They were made of
wood, usually locust trees. Medicine people often made their
asi's with seven sides. the sacred number, but families
usually nude them square, 12 by 12 feet or JS by IS feet.
according to the size of the family. The: basic log structure
was covered with mats, then broomsedgc would be placed
on top of that, and then soil would cover that. Some of the
older asi's had grass growing on top of them, but the locust
never roued, and very rarely would they ever leak.
In the summenime the asi would be used for storage
or to house guests if the family had clan \isitors. although
the town house was also used for overnight lodging.
The asi would also be used for sweat lodge
ceremonies. A family would move its thi~gs out, and they
would heat up a pile of big rocks in a large fire outside and
carry them into the asi. A lot of people could crowd in 10 sit
around the steaming rocks. The sweat lodge was one of the
- continued on page 28
KATIJAH - page 18
WINTER 1987-88
�'The Grear Spirit did not give man
the right to destroy this great life."
(ucuptsfrom a ra/A: ta the bled btar conftrtnct by
Kay Littfr)Ohn. a Chcr'1Ut Indian}
My fotlu!r 011d grandfather and their
grandfathers before were asked to speak on
behalfof our animal relatives, which were
rapidly disappearing in their times: the snail
darter, the ivory-billed woodpecker, the
passenger pigeon, ti~ CoroliNJ parrot, and
1.lte list goes on and on and on.
Each one of my ancestors wlro spoke
om against the destruction of our relatives.
saw that tire native people of this country
were placed here by the Great Spirit as
caretakers. We see this great gift of mind
011d creativity as something we use 10 share
witlt all those two-legged, four-legged,
winged, water, and root creotiues.
We see ourselves as something not
set apart from our environment, but as a
pan of the whole .....
There is hope in me tltat thest people
who hove removed us as caretakers will see
the responsibility that we all share. I om
responsible/or pollwion, the disappearance
of the animals and plants, for hate, and
prejudice, as eoclt and every one ofyou are.
Our people were swept aside with tire
j11stijicotion of "manifest destinyH. This
archaic expression was used in tlte post to
ju.rtify cruel and unjust acts. This some
plulosoplty exists today, when it comes to
the nvo-legged, four-legged, roots, and
insea creanues
Let's not let "manifest destinyH be the
ckstruction of al/ life. The Great Spirit did
not give man the right to destroy this great
life
Great Spirit, my prayer is for Yonoh,
01u brother, ti~ black bear.
Concern for the black bear (Ursus
omericonus) in the Southern Appalachians
drew over 200 people to the Owen
Conference Center at the University of
Nonh Carolina al Asheville on September
29 10 hear a schedule of speakers presenting
different perspectives on the present and
future condition of the black bear and its
mountain habitat. The conference was
sponsored by the Environmental Studies
Program at UNCA, the Southern
Appalachian Black Bear Federation, Long
Branch Environmental Education Cenrer,
and Klu.UBh.
The presenting speakers agreed that
the black bears had survived intense
pressures, but that the species faced even
more difficult times in the near future.
caused primarily by the ever-expanding
human population. Opinions differed widely
as to the nature and the projected impact of
these pressures, but the mood of the
conference was one of guarded optimism
that if people of different points or view
could work together, the problems facing
the black bear could possibly be averted.
As Dr. Michael Pelton, professor in
the Depanment of Wildlife, Fisheries, and
forestry :11 thc Univer.;ity ofTenncssec said
in his keynote address. "We are sitting on
the last major long· term population of the
WINTER 1987-1-iR
THE FUTURE OF YONAH,
THE BLACK BEAR
black bear in the Southeast."
He said that the indigenous black bear
population had by its remarkable
adaptability overcome the threats posed by
the massive deforestation of the
Appalachians by the timber industry in the
early years of this century and the chestnut
blight, which wiped out the American
chestnut tree, the bears' most stable and
abundant food source.
"Diminishing habitat has without a
doubt been the single most imponant factor
that has impacted these animals," said Dr
Pelton.
"It is unlikely that any new habitat
will be created," he said, and called for
policies to proteet and maintain large blocks
of forested lands in the Appalachians for the
far-ranging black bear species.
"More miles of open roads and forest
management policies that decrease hard mast
(acorn and nut) production will lower the
carrying capacity of the forest for black
bear," said the biologist. "Roads affect
bears either through direct monality or by
bears having to shift their habitat to more
marginal areas, making them more
vulnerable to monality. A road policy must
be clearly defined and strictly enforced. That
is very important to the long-term stability
of the situation.
"We also need a management strategy
to perpetuate and stabilize hard mast
production in the Appalachians. This means
long tree harvest rotations to allow oalc trees
long-term mast production when they reach
maturity."
Roben Zahner, professor of Forestry
at Clemson University, underscored the
need to encourage the different oak species
in the mountains.
"At this point," he said, "When we're
talking about bear habitat, we're talking
about acorns.
"Oak trees are showing signs of
decline in different areas, and there is some
reason to believe that atmospheric pollution
is an influence."
Zahner also warned of the approach
of the gypsy moth, whic.:h has the capacity
to defoliate whole forests and is moving
toward the Southern Appalachians. There is
no way to predict what the elfcc.:h of the
moth infes1ation will be on the black bear,
but the larvae or the insect prefer green oak
leaves, and it will have a strong negative
effect on the mast-bearing trees, he said.
In light of these pressures to come,
Zahner advocated extending the roration age
of trees; implementing a strong oak
regeneration program; and keeping large
blocks of forest land intact to cushion the
effects of future pressures on black bear
habitaL
Lauren Hillm3n, wildlife biologist for
the US Forest Service, said that "population
management is a second critical factor for
the future of the black bear."
Citing population studies in the
Pisgah-Nantahala National Forest, she said
that "monality is at or approaching its
maximum sustainable limit..... Population in
the Pisgah-Nantahala National Forest is
probably not declining, but the population
appears to be characterized by a
preponderance of animals in very young age
classes."
This affects the availability of
breeding females necessary to keep the
reproduction rates up to the level of
occurring mortality. Shortening the bear
hunting season or pushing it back later in
the year tends to protect females, who go to
den earlier than the males.
A bright spot in the conference was a
report by Kei1h Langdon, resource
management specialist for the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park, who spoke of
promising results in the the breeding of
blight-resistant American chesmut trees that
one day might be able to reinhabit the
species' former range. New genetic
techniques developed by researchers
affiliated with the American Chestnut
Foundation have produced encouraging
results in eitperiments in Minnesota, said
Langdon.
John Stokes, storyteller and
musician, and the dancer Zuleika presented
on Iroquois Indian story about the bear. In
closing, Stokes said, "We have only one
statistic to offer you. That is that we arc
100% sure that the sumval of the black bear
is not a question of number-s, but a spiritual
question."
pfll'
KATUAH- page 19
�NATURAL
WORLD
NEWS
FIGHTING THE BIG BURN
IN CALDWELL COUNTY
by Barbara Kirby
(from a talk before t~ WNC A//iQJICe)
For nearly 1wo ye:irs the people of the
Mt. Hennon Community near Hudson in
Caldwell County, NC have been involved 1n
an intense fight to get rid of a hazardous
waste incinerator on nearby Lick Mountain.
The history of the incinerator goes
back 13 years to 1974 when the county
decided it would purchase the equipment
to burn hazardous wastes trom t.:aJClwell
and surrounding counties. Caldwell is a
m.'.ljor furniture producing area, with a lot of
noxious wastes as by-products.
In 1975 a fire in the incinerator plant
forced its closure, and the county officials
decided that they were not qualified to
operate the facility. It was leased it to a man
named Charles Foushee, who began
Caldwell Systems, Inc. (CSI). Charles
Foushee is the man who operated the
Mitchell Systems incinerator and was
unceremoniously thrown out of Mitchell
County a year and a hnl r ago.
In 19&3 the county commissioners
agreed to renew the CSI lease for 25 years.
There had been complaints of odors,
smoke, and pollution, but they were
low-key, and few people had been
involved.
In 1985 a man named L. C. Coonse
began serious opposition to the waste
incinerator. Following his lead, a group of
people organized as Caldwell Concerned
Citizens for a Clean Environment. Their
first act as a group was to ask the county
commissioners to form a study committee to
investigate the incinerator and determine if
any health hazards did in fact exist
Since that time we have met with
continuous obstruction. The study
committee was started eventually, and they
have done an excellent job with the aid of
hired legal and environmental expcns.
The study committee found several
instances of unsafe operation of the
incinerator planL As one example, the
manufacturer of the incinerator reoommends
that it bum no more than 1,882 pounds of
hazardous waste per hour. But the operators
go by the state regulations, which allow
them to bum 4,018 pounds per hour. The
incinerator bums 22 million pounds of
waste per year.
Halogenated hydrocarbons, a very
serious health hazard, are burned at the
plan1. On August 22, 1987 phosgene gas
(also known as mustard gas) was released
into the air. Several Mt. Hermon residents
were stricken by the vapors.
KATIJAH - page 20
Numerous employees have been sick,
and one person is probably going to die
from injuries sustained there.
Caldwell Concerned Citizens has
continuously pressed the county
commissioners to do something. We have
pressed the state. The state has been very
reluctant to work with us. They have started
studies and refused us access to the data
generated. Our group has raised $5000.00
to do our own soil and water studies, all of
which have shown contamination.
The county commissioners have been
under tremendous pressure from the state
Natural Resources and Community
Development (NRCD) and others to lceep
the incinerator open, because since the
closing of the Mitchell Systems plant, it is
the only commmercial hazardous waste
incinerator in the state.
We have found that part of the
problem in regulating a hazardous wa~te
incinerator is that there are very few
regulations. So tho incinerator operators can
truthfully say, "We meet all regulations,"
but that does not mean that they are not
hurting anythUig.
In October, 1987 the srudy comminee
finally recommended that the Caldwell
Systems incinerator be closed. At a meecing
on November 2, the county commissioners
said that they would ask CSI to leave. The
announcement was met with cheers from the
more than 400 people in the audience. The
commissioners continued by saying that
they would allow CSI to sell its business
and equipment to another company. They
did not set a deadline for when CSI had to
be ouL They did not tell us who would be
the new buyer. They did not say anything
about cleaning up the area, which in
Mitchell County was a job of several
months duration.
A near-riot ensued after that
announcement. and the commissioners left
under the protection of lhe sheriffs
departmenL
The outcome of all this is still not
clear, but there is cause for hope. At a
special meeting on November 9 the county
commissioners voted to temporarily close
the CSI plant. The final result still remains
to be seen.
Citizens is an orRanization of mountain
people just like all of us Their experience
shows us that we can learn what we need to
learn w deal with these issues. Ir's as simple
as chal.")
SMOKIES WILDERNESS BILL
PASSES THE US HOUSE
N.wnl World News Service
A bill co-sponsored by Rep. James
McClure Clarke of NC that would officially
declare 90% of the Great Smoky Mountain
National Parle a wilderness area has won
unanimous approval in the US House of
Representatives. Wilderness status would
protect the greater part of the Park from
road-building or any olher development.
This bill formally ratifies the past
management policy of the National Park
Service and gives it the force of law.
The House bill authorizes a payment
of $9.5 million to Swain County, NC and
forgives a $1.6 million loan to the county by
the Farmers' Home Administration to
redeem a promise made at the Park's
inception for a road to a family cemetary
located at Deals Gap within the Parle limits
A similar bill, S. 963, has been
proposed in the Senate, sponsored by NC
Sen. Terry Sanford and Sens. Sasser and
Gore of TN.
Sen. Jesse Helms has proposed
countering legislation in the Senate that
would cut the amount of land to be put into
wilderness and authorize the road to the
cemewy to be built through the Park.
Congressman Clarice expressed
optimism about the Sanford bill's chances in
the Senate, saying, "I think this is the best
chance we have to get this controversy
behind us. Everybody, even Senator
Helms, feels that the 23 mile. $400 million
road to the cemetary will never pass the
Congress."
(Taylor Barnhill ofthe Western Nonh
Caroli/Ill Alliance says, "Barbara Kirby is
not an environmental ex:perr. She is a school
librarian ar Maiden Elementary School in
Catawba Coulll)', NC. Caldwell Concerned
WINTER 1987-88
�CONGRESSIONAL ACTION
ON THE MRS
Nlllllnll Wmld News S.S-.a
POACHERS CAUGHT;
POACHERS CONVICTED
Acting on an anonymous tip, NC
wildlife officers caught and charged seven
men with bear baiting on Mackey Mountain
near Manon, NC.
The seven appeared in McDowell
County Oistnct Coun on Nov. 9. Four of
the men pleaded guilty to bear baiting,
which is illegal in NC, and were given a
minimum fine of $250, a suspended jail
sentence, and lost all hunting privileges for
two years.
Two others contested the case, but
were also found of guilty of the same
charge. They stated their intent to appeal the
decision.
The remaining case had not come to
!rial by the end of the day.
The poaching !rial was monitored by
the Southern Appalachian Black Bear
Federation, which is initiating an active
program to discourage poaching in Katiiah.
'This is the most flagrant case I've
ever seen. They've been doing it all
summer." Frank Pennell, enforcement
officer for the NC Wildlife Resources
Commission (WRC) in McDowell County
told the Charlotte Observer.
Responding to the tip, wildlife
officers investigated the baiting site, which
was just outside the boundary of the
Mackey Creek Bear Sanctuary. The officers
found enough snack cakes at the site to fill
two bushel baskets. Cellophane wrappers
from hundreds of other snack products
littered the ground around the area. The bait
was placed by the poachers to lure the bears
off the protected sanctuary lands, so they
could set dogs on their trail and run them in
unprotected parts of the Pisgah National
Forest. When the bears would finally be
shot, they would miles from the
incriminating bait site.
The actions of poachers threaten the
stability of the black bear population in the
Southern Appalachians. Poached kills go
uncounted in bear population management
statistics, and poaching from the state bear
sanctuaries violates areas that are set aside to
provide females a safe breeding ground for
a core population to maintain the numbers of
black bears in the mountains.
Defend the bean! Write to:
Ass'L District Attorney Sandra Pugh
P.O. Box 2143
Marion, NC 28752
Tell her that you arc watehing the bear
poachers' appeal case and that you care
about the outcome.
If any signs of other poaching activity
are seen, one may call the WRC "Wildlife
Watch" number, 1·800-662-7137, to repon
known or suspected violations.
Confidentiality is assured.
It is dangerous to personally intervene
with poachers and far safer to call wildlife
enforcement officers.
Compiled 111 patt from o uport ur tlw CharlOlu
Qbrmz,
The US House of Representatives
and the US Senate are on a collision course
on crucial high-level radioactive waste
legislation.
ln the House. a move toward a
momrorium and independent review of the
nuclear waste management program is being
led by Rep. Morris Udall (D-Utah) and
Rep. Jamie Clark of the NC Ninth District.
The vehicle is HB 2967 which would
institute a study commission to review the
actions of the US Department of Energy
(DOE) and halt any funher site selection
work for the two planned high-level nuclear
waste dumps and the MRS (Monitored
Retrievable Storage). which the DOE would
like to site in Oak Ridge, TN.
Senator Bennett Johnston (D-LA) is
pushing Senate Bill 1668 (the
Johnston-McOure bill) that would authorize
an MRS. The MRS would store 80-90% of
the nation's high-level nuclear waste.
If Johnston were to succeed in his
efforts, Karuah would not only be
threatened by the MRS, but would be one
giant step closer to receiving the second
high-level nuclear waste dump in the Ellc
River geological formation, just outside of
Asheville, NC.
Congressman Jamie Clar.Ice; US
House of Representatives; Washington, DC
20515 deserves thanks for sponsoring HB
2967, and NC Senat0rs Sanford and Helms;
US Senate Office Building; Washington,
DC 20510 need to hear from people in the
region who do not want the MRS and 1hc
high-level waste dump.
fA
PAC AGAINST THE
COMPACT
••
Nlllnl World News Service
The NC Political Action Committee to
Dump the Compact has been formed to elect
legislators to the NC Senate and General
Assembly that will withdraw the state from
the Southeast Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Compact, which plans to dump 32 million
cubic feet of radioactive waste in the state
over a 20 year period begiMing in 1992.
The group is planning to mount a strong
campaign around the state's May 3 primary
and November 8 election in 1988.
Contact the organization at:
P.O. Box 26071
Raleigh, NC 27611
FOREST SERVICE PLAN
UNDER APPEAL - AGAIN!
NllUnl World News Service
The Western North Carolina Alliance
(WNCA) and the NC Chapter of the Sierra
Oub have both entered fonnaJ legal appeals
of the Pisgah-Nantabala 15-Ycar
Management Plan to the Chief of the US
Forest Servicein Washington.
The WNCA is filing on the basis of
several violations of the Forest Management
Act of 1976. The act requires that forest
management be done on a site-specific
basis, that management promote biological
diversity in the National Forests, and that
multiple-use management (which includes
water, wildlife, and recreational needs as
well as timber harvesting) be practiced.
The WNCA in its suit says that the
Forest Service is not considering
management practices based on conditions
at individual sites, but rather is making
blanlcct prescriptions for clearcuning in all
pans of the forest. They cite the Forest
Service for managing the forest to promote a
few selected varieties of trees, rather than
promoting the wide diversity of trees found
naturally in the Appalachian hardwood
forest.
The suit goes on to say that the
widespread practice of clearcutting destroys
protective cover, old denning trees needed
by many mammal species, and
mast-producing trees necessary for many
species' survival.
The WNCA favors uneven-aged
timber management by means of selective
cutting.
The WNCA suit also protested the
extensive use of prescribed burning by the
Forest Service, calling the practice
"excessive and environmentally damaging."
The suit mentioned in particular the
controlled bum that was triggered by
dropping napalm in the Mica City Creek
watershed.
Both the Sierra Club and WNCA
suits called the Forest Service to task for
making many below-<:<>st timber sales.
saying that the agency did not, in the words
of the USDA, "accept a considerably greater
burden of proving that a below-cost timber
program is necessary."
The Sierra Oub lawsuit also charged
the ForcSt Service with projecting excessive
road building into the 15 year plan.
• continued on next page
WINTER 1987-88
KATUAH-page 21
�- continued from page 21
RECYCLING CENTER OPENS
AT ASHEVILLE LANDFILL
Nannl World News Scrviee
DUKE POWER MOVING IN
ON THE MOUNTAI~S
N-1 World News Scsv..,..
Duke Power Company is planning to
scour and nood 1,200 acres on Coley Creek
in 1hc heart of the Jocasscc wa1ershed 10
build a reservoir for a pumped s1oragc
hydroelectric project
The watershed is in the sou1hcrn
reaches of Transylvania Coun1y, NC, jus1
above the South Carolina st111c line. The
Horscpas1urc River, which was rccen1ly
inducted in10 1he National Wild and Scenic
River System, and the Whuewater,
1 hompson, and Toxaway rivers now
through the area.
The Jocassce Watershed is currently
undeveloped and unspoiled. The
well-known Foothills Trail crosses I.he area,
and it is home to the endangered Oconee
Bells flower and several types of rare fems
that grow on I.he north-facing sides of some
of I.he many waterfalls in lhe drainage. Two
colonies of lhe green salamander, rare in
this re~ion, live on Coley Creek. But the
high nunfall and abrupt chan~cs in elevation
that malcc this a unique area m the East also
make ii a prime area for hydroclectrical
development
Duke Power has submit1ed a draf1
application 10 I.he Federal Energy Regulation
Commission fora 2,100 mcgawan pumped
s1orage facility that will cost $3.3 billion to
construct. Plans call for a dam to flood the
main valley and two or three side valleys
and coal-fired electric plan1s that will
produce energy 10 pump water back uphill
during slack pcnods. A new road is
proposed from NC Route 281 10 the cast
side of Thompson Ridge - a 1,000 foot drop
over nine miles - to transpon heavy
equipment to the Coley Creek sile and to
maintain the project.
The Jocassec Wa1ershed Coalition
(JWC) has been formed to oppose the
flooding of Coley Creek and to press for
inclusion of the Whitewater, Thompson,
and Toxaway rivers in the federal Wild and
Scenic Rivers System. The JWC is
comprised of citizens' groups,
cnvironmcn1al groups. and individual
landowners and hunters tha1 use the
watershed. They arc being aided by the
Sou1h Carolina Wa1er Resources
Commission, which, fearing damage to
tr0u1 fishing waters, is urging protection of
I.he rivers in I.hat state.
'lhis is going 10 be a mon:: difficult
taSlc than saving the llorscpastun::," said Bill
Thomas, co-chair of the JWC, "because
Duke Power has owned the land since the
1960's."
The JWC is suggesting to Duke
Power I.hat providing incentives for energy
conscrvarion 10 reduce overall electrical
consumption would be a cheaper alternative
that would possibly obviate the need for I.he
Coley Creek dam.
Utility companies, par1icularly in
New England and the Pacific Northwest
have been using this option to avoid
installing nuclear power plants or other
unsightly and polluting electrical generating
facilities. Research has shown I.hat it is twO
to four times cheaper to invest in energy
conservation in preference to energy
generation.
At a meeting with Duke Power, JWC
representatives proposed tha1 1he company
hire a consullant 10 do preliminary research
into the possibility of invesung in energy
efficiency as a possible option. The
company refused.
"It seemed like a prcuy good idea to
us," said Thomas. "parucutarly since a
consultant would only cost $30,000 as
compared to the $3.3 billion budget for I.he
Coley Creek project."
The JWC 1s requesting that Katiiah
residents wrire to:
Tommy Rhodes
NC Depanment of Natural Resources
and Community Development
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 2761 I
to ask that I.he 1hree rivers of 1he Jocassce
Wa1crshed be placed immediately under
state prorection.
To contact the Jocassec Watershed
Coalition, wricc:
Gil Leebrick
c/o Highlands Biological S1ation
P.O. Drawer 580
Highlands, NC 28741
Duke Power is also deepening its
involvement in the mountain region be
buying out the Nan1ahata Power and Ligh1
Co., which provides electricity 10 1he five
wcstcm-mos1 coun1ics of NC.
Veronica Nicholas, a county
commissioner of Jackson Coun1y. NC and
tong-time activist in citizen struggles with
Nantahala, calls this process "changing
masterS."
She observes, "By adding
Nantahala's area and resources and
developing the pump storage facility in
Transylvania County, Duke Power is a-ying
to create an in1cgrated generating system. I
think they're loolcing to a time when they
won't be able to rely on nuclur power."
The Buncombe County Board of
Commissioners, with the support of Quali1y
Forward, has opened a recycling cen1er at
the Asheville landfill, located seven miles
north of Asheville on Highway 251. Clear
glass, colored glass (brown and green
separated), newspaper. corruga1ed
cardboard, and aluminum cans may be
recycled. The cenlcr is open during regular
landfill hours: 8:00 am-4:30 pm,
Monday-Friday and 8:00 am- I :00 pm on
Saturdays.
The usual landfill tipping fee of Sl.25
is waived ror up 10 10 bags of garbage for
!hose who bring four bags of recyclables.
II has been estima1 that up 10
ed
one-lhird of all solid waste can be recycled.
Recycling to this cxtcn1 in Buncombe
Coun1y would depend on other recycling
1echniqucs as well as 1hc recycling area at
the landfill. Curbside pick-up, on-si1c
separation, and small, local commercial
recycling businesses would all make
recycling more convenient and profitable.
The remaining two-thirds of the
genera1ed waste could be composted, 1umcd
into fuel pellets, or compacted and
landfilled. All lhesc methods arc currently in
use elsewhere.
The Asheville landfill recycling center
is a response on the pan of citizens to the
idea of mass-bum incineration, which is one
waste-disposal technology under
consideration by the Buncombe County
Commissioners.
The major advocates of incinera1ion
arc mega-industries trying 10 comer 1he
SIOO billion spem annually in I.his country
on waste disposal.
Incinerators arc the most expensive
solid was1e management technology a
community can choose. They arc expensive
to opera1c, involving massive inputs of
non-renewable fuels, and repairs have
proven 10 be devastatingly expensive.
There are also major heahh and
environmental problems involved in
incineration. Fine particles of lead,
cadmium, mercury, manganese, antimony,
tin, and other heavy mc1als arc released in
the incinerator smoke. Dioxin, the mos1
highly carcinogenic of the synthc1ic
hydrocarbons. has been identified in
significan1 amounlS in incinera1or gases and
ash. The ash i1sclf is slated to soon be
designated a hazardous waste by the US
Envtr0nmcntal Protection Agency.
Although a small s1cp, the recycling
center at the Asheville landfill is a start
toward bet1er waste managcmen1 practices
and deserves resident use and support./
WINTER 1987-88
�A
CHILDREN'S
PAGE
Underground House - Abigail Bird, Madison County, NC
Under Water House
Sarah Reany
Floyd County, VA
I would have a big house under the
ocean and you got there by going through a
door in a house on an island. My house
would be shaped like a big mushroom. I'd
have a big window on lhe top or lhe ocean
to get sun power. And I'd have a fire at the
bottom or my house and a boot and I'd have
a bumblebee for flying away. I'd have a big
flower so the bumblebee can drink.
j
J
(
11..i
Mn
1 .:
.....
h" (; .m ifJ
v
f 11t 1.1t1 ~
,t
u1~t -t11e
9n"vtn../.
ti! ..>.
t.l.."l'OU..9"'
Ofltr( 5LiJQ
-
....
flJ1Jl. lC
j()(:;.o h 1..s B
td
__ _
Underground House - Michael Flowers, Madison County, N /
WI NTER 1987.:88
KATIJAH ·page 23
�Dear Friends •
DRUMMING
LETIERS TO KATUAH
Ko.lWth 1s still a\ good as alway\, but I do agree it
Y.ould be a i;ood idea to keep the old format. I'd hate for
~omc folk~ to i;et left out becau~e the price Y.Cnt up. Ju\t
some or the feedback I've also heard from some people who
enjoy looking forward to the ne:itt issue. Keep up the good!
Tara Cla)1on
Rougcmc:nt. :\C
.....Thanks for a great fall issue. In response to your
question: I'd rnthcr sec )oU mainl3in the ine:\pcnsive,
rccycleablc newl>print. Keep up the good Y.Ork.
Jeanene (Cabanis}
Cashiers. t\C
Dear Friends •
Let me tcU you what I feel is important in my life:
I stan a fire by spinning a wooden spindle. In doing
this, r re-enact a ritual that transcends the bounds of time.
Smoke curls from powdery, hot, black dust, and I am
re-establishing my link with nature through an act of
primitive humanity.
I skin the gift deer with a stone knife I made, and
butcher this friend who has given life for continuation of life.
Eating this sacred food cooked on my fire, I realize that the
deer is inside me and becomes pan of me, and I become pan
of 11. I wear clothes made from this deer's skin, and. as I
move, the deer moves with me. We arc one.
1 bathe in the stream, and the life blood of the Mother
Eanh cleanses me, and again I sec the connecting link
between my being and all of the universe.
By panicipating in a primitive life, in immediate
contact with the natural (real) world, I find comfoning,
meaningful relationships with all of my relatives in this
universe. I have lived outside for over eight years, nunurcd
by this primitive exi~tencc. During thi!> apprenticeship with
nature, a chief activity has been the use of natural materials
for appropriate "Earth Skills" technologies to make a lhing,
following techniques that natives have used in this area for
over 12,000 years.
I feel I have learned something valuable. and I want to
share it. I have found how useful "Eanh Skills" arc in
connecting humans and nature and stimulating spiritual
insight, :ind I te.ich these methods to others.
"Earth Skills" are life suppon activiucs through which
people involve themselves in nature, primiuvc technologies,
and primitive thinking processes.
In the barren realities of modem American life and
thought, "Eanh Skills" arc an avenue to understanding
another way of perceiving the world and developing a
foundation for spuituality based upon interaction with the
natural world.
On the surface, making a bucket of tree bark seems
practical only because it provides a wild woods container.
But in our day and culture, the experiment has a much more
valuable benefit: we gain a very strong perception and
understanding of a connecting linlc with the foreSt and with
the primitive skills that our ancestors depended upon. By
experiencing the physical connection, we arc opened to
appreciate the spiritual value of the event.
Leaming "Eanh Skills" relates an individual with the
na11ual world to produce a craft or ~riml!nr that brings a
person to the awareness of the connectedness of all things,
humans included.
•Earth Skills" lessons arc inherently spiritual. I never
need to mcnuon the word "spirituality" or to scare
conscrv:mves with phrases like "change m world view." The
latent revelations, connections. and meaningful guides need
never be anicul:ued. They just happen.
"Ennh Skills" give a strong, practical foundation for
under.;tanding spiritual realities by sharing Y.ilh the spirits of
the wild places.
Eustace Conway
602 Deerwood Drive
Gastonia, NC 28084
KATUAU ·page 24
Durable magazine format vs less durable newspaper
format · I'll opt for qunlity in either presentation. One awaits
Katuah eagerly each season because of hannonious weavings
of philosophy, issues facing our Mother Eanh, teachings to
share, verse to stimulate ponderance, etc. For me the present
format works!... ..
Bern Grey Owl
Raleigh, NC
I'm making a prayer
I'm gathering the kindling
I'm making a prayer
I'm clearing the way
I'm making a prayer
I'm striking the flint
I'm making a prayer
Lhat will illuminate
that will warm
or cedar and oak
Of maple and pine
Of coming Logether
I'm making a prayer
because iL is time
• Colleen Redman
Dear Editors:
We have high praise for the Fall 1987 K1IiiA!L and its
excellent anicles on the black bears of Southern Appalachia.
No bear species anywhere on Eanh can survive without local
and regional suppon, and that suppon depends primarily on
what people know about bears and their needs. Your issue
on the bears of the Kau.iah Province is a landmark step
toward meaningful protection of bears and their habitat in
your region. As planet Earth becomes less inhabitable as a
result of traRically misplaced national and international
priorities, the b:mle to keep p3tlS of Earth, habitable for wild
bears will help prcscIVC the health · and life - of the planet as
a whole. Keep up the fine work, because we arc all in this
together.
Sincerely,
Lance Olsen
President, The Great Bear Foundation
Missoula, MT
W1NTER 1987-88
\!
�Dear Editor -
While on a hurried
VJSll
Alar. your l.J.NJfturtd !M.
At tlir" bthtst )IOll btc~ my ad\/Usary
BtctJJ<U )'Oii .,.f:rt blood brotJo.u IO myfo~r llibc
I Ww -,Ollr tlto1111w GS )'Oii p11rswd IM,
I could 110t li111u to std 110rvislrmt111.
011 ONl on. yo11 pllTswd IM.
Soon I 1rtw wtak, nut to tartlt.
Ytt wht11 -,011 slew this body. I did llOI dit.
My soul tlldiutrlt.
to the new
library at Appalachian Suue this past week, I
chanced to see the notice of the upcoming
symposium on the black bear in Nonh
Carolina. It occurred to me that you might
find the enclosed poem, "Nemesis,"
appropriate at this time.
You will recall that Wilburn Waters
was noted as the famous hunter and hermit
in the White Top section of Nonh Carolina.
He was credited (?) with killing 108 bears
as well as many wolves and other animals. J
became interested in his story when I
learned he was my great-grent-grc:11-uncle.
Rev. M.D. Han raised the funds and built
the monument with the imposing black benr
on top. I visited the graveyard where it
srnnds this past summer, and it is still
standing in good condition and has numbers
of visitors each year. It is located near
Lansing, near Tuckerdale.
The symbol at the bottom right of the
poem is the Cheroke word for Yo-nu, the
bear.
Sincerely,
Mrs. Ruth Trimble
'----------------~-~"""' E11t11tually )'Oii too. my bro/her. wtrtftlltd
by rht inaor~ 1umd of mortality.
NEMESIS
Once./ was as you wert. A m1Jn tal/ and proud.
Ordained by the GreaJ Spirit 10 toll OJld :t'*'l!al
so 1ha1 I mightfted upon 1/itfruits of my labor.
In thtfv.l/nessoftlme I beCDml! ll'l!Oritd
by tht constant struggle 10 sustain lift.
Encwnbtrtd by fau.• I langtd 10 be
lilt:t tht Btar • frtt to roam DI will.
gathtring the berrits and mast.
I grnv faint with my disconttnl .
Tht GrtaJ SpiriI ltntw my OJlguish.
Maniftstiltg I /is arcant power I It
gra111td my heart's dt.wc
OJld cJiangtd mt into Btar,
c/ollting me in long si/Jcen hair.
I was Yonu, mighliesl of tht crcaturts.
None challengtd my right 10 bt
Yo11 lit tnto!nMd high on this /ouly kMll.
Mtnftlt ltd to trtet an effigy of me· froztn
ill rime • ovtr your grave 10 show rtsptct for
your prowess. They tOd /IOI perceive thtir efforts
wert dirtcrtd by tht Great Spirit and nor of
thtm.ttlvts.
I. too. ha11t rtsptctfor -you, mybrothtr. but
I SIOJld htrt not to honor you.
Rathtr. I stOJld guard 10 OJlChor your spirit
firmly ill rhe tarth until Yonu rerurns
unw his own 111 rht secret dtpdis and NXlows.
Ohly thtn w1/l I relinquish my vigil so thal
your spirit may ristfrom its fc11us and
soar .,.;,h """'
111 the etastlw harmony of rhe Uniwrse.
Ulllil )'OIL
We reprint two ofthe pomufrom the Drumming section of last Issue. A typographical error
changed the meaning ofone, and two verses ~e inadven0t1ly lef1 ow ofthe other. Our apologies
to the poers and to our readers. Ajirs1 rule of survival in any region is to stay on 1he good side of
your IDcal poetS!
The Lessons of the Hunt
Persimmon seed, I am•...
let me glisten in the sunlight
to paint you colours,
gold, bronze, amber forever.
let me be free 10 grow
to bear....
to w3tch my young sway,
to grow, to bear.
let me not lay
on the cold, damp ground
trample me not
for the Earth is my food
and the sunlight my wonderment
Persimmon seed, I am ....
betraying no man.
- Bun Grey 01111
Wouldst learn the lessons of the Hunt
From those who know them best?
Then one must go to marsh or wood
Where hunters seek their prey.
"Patience" says the stately Heron
As it stands in the shallows,
Waiting for a fish or a frog
To obligingly swim by.
"Concentration" says the Heron
As, one slowly moving foot at a time,
It stalks
A shining minnow.
"Patience" says the tiny Jumping Spider
As it dans along a vine,
Its huge front eyes alert
For an insect's telltale twitch.
"Concentration" says the Jumping Spider
As, forelegs el(tendcd,
It takes aim
At a foolish fly.
''Patience" says the coiled Rattlesnake
As it lies beside a log,
Waiting for an unsuspecting mouse
To follow its accustomed path.
"Concentration" says the Rattlesnake
As the mouse scampers closer,
For there can be
But a single strike.
"I see and understand," say I
"And thank you for your gifts.
Now I can tre3d the inner paths
To seek my own prey, Truth."
© Douglas A. Rossman
WINTER 1987-81!
KATUAH · page 25
�An Appeal
At the turning of this new year, we
would like to express to you some thoughts
and feelings about the Katuah journal at this
point in its existence.
We have been gratified at the
expressions of love and support that have
come in from readers and friends from all
over. Our primary goal is to have KatUah be
read and used. We see the journal as a way
for each of us in the region to share our
learning experiences, as we all try to find a
balanced, harmonious way of living in these
mountains. This element of sharing is very
important in the ongoing process of us
growing together and growing into the land.
Katuah is produced as a collective effort
of folks from around the region. ( Most of us
live several hours apart from each other.)
While some of the original members have been
continuously involved, the editorial circle
still opens and reforms after each issue of
the journal. Doing Katuah is a demanding task
that requires a lot of time and offers little
material recompense (but, oh, such rewards to
the spirit!).
Most Katuah jobs are volunteer (though a
few arduous tasks like bookkeeping are
compensated). Katuah does offer expense
money like gas and telephone calls, but simply
getting to the various meetings and to layout
is a big demand on people who are working for
a living. This is taking its toll on the editorial
collective.
We would like to be able to maintain the
journal at the standard it has come to reflect
in the course of the last few years. By
breaking the job list up into smaller pieces,
we could make it easier for everybody, while
bringing more variety and excitement to the
pages of the journal.
Opportunities are available to
participate in the Katuah adventure. With
added input, the journal could not only
continue to exist in its present form, it could
expand its functions in any direction the
participants wish to take it.
Besides help with actual production and
lay-out, Katuah also needs writers and
artists (and, of course, cartoonists!) to
work with the journal or to submit material
relevant to the region. The more submissions
there are, the more variety and interest in the
pages of Katuah. Even if submissions are not
about the selected theme for an issue, they
could fonn the nucleus for a future issue of
the journal.
Also needed are:
- An advertising manager. who could bring in
needed revenues for the journal, but also help Katuah
consciously encourage a regional marketplace by
spotlighting biorcgionally beneficial business
enterprises.
- A "Webworking" editor, who could work to
encouraie trade and barter between people, help oottage
industries to develop, as well as ftnd interesting and
creative additions to mnlce a Lively individuals' ad
section.
- A distribution manager, who could help get
Ka11iah out onto new store shelves and magazine racks
and help keep up the network of community contact
people.
- Additions to the poetry committee that evaluates
submissions and guides them into the pages of the
joumiJ.
- There is also a niche for a person or a committee to
keep track of the Katfiah T-shirt sales and offer
books, tools, stickers and other bioregional
pamphemalia through the mail order system.
- A calendar editor, who could compile a definitive
events Iii.ting and perhaps transfo"" the "Calendar"
section into a sun-moon-forest-garden-people almanac,
creatively showing the upcoming cycles for each season.
- Someone to be Natural World News editor, one
of the vital sections of the JOumal. At present it is a
patchwork of material picked up as we go along. This
section needs an on-going editor to stabilize news
presemations. keep in touch with contacts, add depth and
continuity to our coverage, and become kno""n as a
regional news conduit.
This is a position that could become an important one
for shaping news coverage 1hroughout the region. We
have ulkcd often about expanding NU/Ural World News
beyond the p3ges of the journal, but it would lllkc a
person or a group with vision and commitment to
actually make ~mething happen in this area.
�1"tNttR. TRAVEL tNG
"R.OUNDAJJOUT ~'JUA1l "
It has also been a fond hope that Katuah
could develop interest groups 1n areas of
importance for b1oreg1onal life. People
sharing a common interest 1n certain broad
areas could meet independently, at first to
see that their area of interest gets adequate
and incisive coverage m the Journal, but
developing into regional "think tanks" to
develop and deepen bioregional thought on
their chosen topics and perhaps to publish
independently of the journal. Forestry and
Wildlife, Water, Energy, Agriculture and
Regional Diet, Healing, Education and
Personal Growth, Sustainable
Economics, Shelter, Bioregional Theory,
and Spirituality are topics that have
already been suggested, but any aspect of the
new Appalachian culture could be treated in
this way.
Thinking bioregionally opens up new worlds
to our mind's eye and our heart's touch. It's a
participatory experience. If you think KatUah
as a journal or as an idea is a useful form
that helps you relate to life in the the Blue
Ridge Province, help us help it to grow. If you
can see your way to doing it, jump in. Share
the excitement of a group venture, and join us
as we seek to better understand the
mysteries of this place.
Blessings upon you at the turning of the
year's wheel.
- The Kstush sta"/
11as wt.nter t wifl he traveling tlirou9l1
Xatunli to botli broarfen anc! aeepen tf1e
biore9ionnf network tl1ougliout the province. t
wi([ travel as extensi.vely as time and
rcsotuces permt.t. 1he purpose of the trip is to
hudd up tfie Xatuah
cli.stributwn/local
contact people network. and to strengthen tire
two - way communication between the
journal cma the communities of the reljion.
tf you woul'cl like me as a representative
of Xatuali to visit your area, q you woul'cl
like to arrange a m eeting (!ar9e or small,
pubUc or private) to talk about our region, if
you can offer a floor to s~p on as t 'm
passing through, please write and let me
know, so we can taa. specifically about the
trip 's timing and schduling.
We can tf,o mutings or discussion 9roups
about b!acft, bears, nukes, !and use plans, or
any of the sugtjeSud "special interest areas ".
We could hole! beljinnf.ng semf.nars on the
meantn9 of the wore£ "biorel]f.on " and our
own unique area. IVe could tell stories about
clra9ons and the Uttk people. IVe could p!alJ
drums. IVe coulc! tf,o sweat Coclljes. IVe could
mut wi.th school 9roups or 9arc!en. clubs. IVe
can tf,o whatever is rUj/Jt for SJOUr weak.
Tfsi.nlt- about bei.ng a Xatuab contact
person for your area. 1he contact system is
tlie basic frameworF., of the XotUoh networft-.
IVe would Uke to 9et more local news, local
i.nterviews, local pi.ctures, stories, and
opi.nLons from around the regf.on. Let me
know, and we'{! get totjether to talk about U.
Hope to hear from you.
1hese are excULng times to Uve in. Let's
maft-e the most of them/
.Jlfl"'
c Io
-Davie! Whakr
X.aUiah BLorUJional Journal
Box ~8
Lei.cester, NC 28748
KATIJAH • page 27
�9004 nuttc£ne
continutd from pace 18
A Mountain Home
conunucd from page 8
As well as being above 1hc valleys,
the asi's were always si1ua1cd on 1he
wanner south- or west-facing slopes of the
nearby hills. When the weather got cold,
wc1, and nasty, the villagers would retreat
up the hillsid~ 10 spend the winter snug and
dry in their asi 's.
The opening into the asi was so low
that one had 10 crawl on hands and knees 10
enter. There was a wooden wall inside the
doorway Lo cul off Lhc wind. so one entered
by crawling in and turning to the right. The
wooden partition cut off most of the light,
too, so a bright fire of pine knots was kept
burning inside to provide light while the asi
was inhabited. Sometimes there would be a
smokehole, sometimes the smoke would
drift out the door. From time to time the
people of the family would smoke their asi
thoroughly with fragrant cedar or hemlock
to ex1ermina1c insects and vermin.
It must be remembered that the asi
was intended only for a sheller and not as a
living space. On nice, sunny days, even in
winter, the family would work in the
sunlight out of the wind in the warm,
protceted area in from of the asi. The men
might be carving or making arrowheads,
and the women would weave mats for the
walls of the summer houses.
Weaving the walls for your house
each year would seem like a long, tedious
job to people today, but the lndians would
sit together and talk while they worked,
sharing ideas and gossip. It was
communication; it was a social event, and if
one was raised knowing that the mats for
the walls of the summer house had to be
made each year, then it was just one of the
realities of living and was not seen as a
burden.
The asi also offered a place safe from
the spnng floods that came down the river
each year. The people could s11 on the
hillsides and watch the river sweep away
everything on the old village site except the
townhouse, which remained safe above the
waters on its raised mound.
When the weather warmed and 1he
waters subsided, the people returned to the
bottoms and built their summer dwellings
oriented around the townhouse.
The floods also deposited 11 layer of
fertile silt over the planting fields, so when
the houses were reconstructed, the people
set out seed for new gardens for the new
growing season. It seems like an easy and
practical way to live.
bencr utilize local resources for energy
production for our shelter. As we implement
appropri3te ways of living, we become
continually more aware of the spiri tual
nature of shelter.
The soil is the flesh, the water is the
blood, the rock is the bone, and the wood
is the sinew. For a person to experience the
energy of his/her daily lire within and
without IS II gifL
Greg Olson tksigns passive solar and
energy-efficient homes and teaches courses
in the E11viro11mental Swdies Program at rile
U11iversity of North Carolina at Aslrevi/le
His course "Environment, Design , and
Solar E11ergy" is offered every fall semester
and focuses on tlie use of alternate energy
systt!TTIS i11 building design. Write Greg at
211 Stoney Knob Rd.; Weaverville, NC
28787 or call (704) 658.()834.
MEMBRANE HOUSES
continued from page 13
Here are some specific LCChniqucs for creating
thcJc: pod-Idec houses 111 KatU3h:
•Build ribs or metal or plastic 1ub1ng on a
saonc or c:cment foundnlion. Sttttch wire mesh over
I.his frame and, by band, fcrroccmcnt lhe shell in a
numbet or I.ayers leaving openings and shuL-offs.
Pigments can be added 10 cement mix1urcs along
wilh ol.hcr mnrkings put on the membrane for a
mote involved blending with the land. It can take
around 28 days for a sl3lldatd cunng or cement in
Lhis process yCI there is a method of 7 d3y mois1urc
0
cur111g.
A Bourn of Buds
With an eye to woe and one to wonder,
I regard late January daffodils just
budding from the bare warm ground beside
my tilting woodshed, a way too early
to convey the full flame to the greentime.
Near them I stand, a little tilted myself,
feeling in the dawn sun some lightened sadness.
- Michael Hockaday
•con)truc1 fiberglass (or even cardbo3td)
molds, with horiwnaal scnms for casting purposes,
1111d blow a dry miiuurc or sprayed cement cnllcd
gunnne at high prCiSUrc onto the mold and
connccuvc mesh. The mixture as dry enough IO
suck 10 ceilings and can be shaped soon aftcr
spraying. Adv111113gc) to this method arc lh31 a mold
can be reused, and the curing umc for gunnue i•
only about 3 dnys.
•Malec a frame in which to inOa1e a I.hick
l»lloon lh3I can then be covered with wire mesh and
fcnoccmcntcd on the out:;adc. Also. in a m11Ch more
m1t1caie process. steel fibers can be added 10 the
concl"CIC mix - as a strenglhcncr • and sprayed al
high PfC.\'iUl'C ona.o a I.ayer of 11\lulation from the
inside of a I.hick balloon. The 51CCI fibers being put
in the mix itself arc a replacement for the ribbing
and meshmg of fcnoccmenL Air pressure can be
wed as a 1113in suppon during lhe spraying process.
•A grcnL mnny combinations of lhC$e
LCChniqucs can be used. along with canh henning
and adding on IO exilUng suucaurcs.
Rob Messick is a graplric artist and an
avid student of synergetics and whole
systems. flis work with mandalas,
m£mbranes and other organic forms portray
a wide spectrum of enviro~nts from tire
macrocosm 10 tire microCQsm.
sraphic by ChriotJna Mormon
KATUAH- page 28
wrNTER 1987-88
�Green
B..gcr Kin&)
Boont,,C
(704) l64·5866
• • • • • • • • • • • •
K"'-"r'UAfi
l\oa-\E
[) £.SIGl"I
~,p;::
-c t.•J ;::,,;\•'t'R.M~~.i,,·_
1~£!..:...~rJ ·4-)E..? ~, ,\t_·, 11..f: h
.. ;..:...- l:.
->
\
,- ..,. '~ .. , •"v:--~.
( 1:.l~ 1
:~ :-. .
~a .. _,
·=----
Green Line, lhe newsletter of the
Western North Carolina Greens, has just
published its second issue! Conceived as a
project in solurion-~riented, ecology·~as~
journalism. Green Line began pubhcauon 1n
Occober, with a well-received four-page
issue.
"Respect for diversity" is one of the
ten key values of the US Greens, and the
current issue, now eight pages, has further
expanded its already . diverse mix~ure of
local, regional, and n:monal news to include
political cartoons and essays that aucmpt to
penemue beneath the surface of the issues to
the core beliefs, values, and elhics of Green
philosophy.
"Decentralization" is another key
Green value, so the content of future issues
of Green line is very open to our readers'
contributions. Karzlali's readers are
welcome to submit reports, essays, poems,
graphics, or anything else that fires the
imagination.
Charter subscriptions are available
for $5.
The Gretn Une
WNC Greens
P.O. Box 144
Asheville, NC 28802
noon• llrli:his
Shopplna C•nl<r
(h.:hind
. "
. e Now " On Lme
L10
... ....) ... ' t.ii•\J
...4:;.. • ~ ~ (iL
7 ..:: .....-...., ",.. t"~4 o 1L
(70~)
Chinese
Acupuncture
and
Herbology
Clinic
Natural Food Store
& Deli
160 BroadWay
Ashevllle, NC 28801
253-5383
Where Bro.c!wri meets
Merrlmon Ave & 1-2.0
OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK
Monday·Saturday· 9am·8pm
Sunday 1pm·Spm
<1>$5'.ffl~~cn WJ~
ll'JlD'.K§@
©~~
!l
The Elk River Coalition asks people
throughout the mountains to tum off all
electric lights in their homes and place a
candle in the front window from 7:30-8:00
pm on Sunday, December 6 as part of the
Sunday Nuclear Boycott (SNuB).
.
Boycotting nucle3;1"·ge~erated elec~
city for that shon penod 1s a symboltc
protest of the federal government's nuclear
waste policy and its implications for the
mountain region and all of the natural
world.
For further information, contact:
The Elk River Coalition
c/o Madison County
En vironmental Defense League
Mars Hill, NC 28754
J im Wayne Miller
LITERARY FESTIVAL
Emory & Henry College
February 4-5, 1988
More info: John Lang, English Dept, Emory &.
Henry College, Emory. VA 24327
Rt One With lbe Earth is a 1ounng
collection of Native American art on cxhib11 al Ille
Museum of lhc Cherokee Indian now through Dec.
14, 1987. Located Highway 441 N al Drama Rood.
Cherokee. NC. Open daily 9am-Spm. (704)
497-3481.
(704) 683-1414
68:M795
342 Merrimon Avenue Asheville, NC
{704) 258-9016
(704) 253-7656
'J\i(lee, 'lt~f 'Na~r~
BOBCAT
T-SHIRT
SHORT SLEEVE T: $10.00 ppd
Colors: Ecru, White, Sliver.
Sufoam (II. grHn) THI
LONG SLEEVE T: $14.00 ppd.
(lnclut»1 P•w Print on SIHv•)
ColOl'I: Ecru, Sliver, Te•I, White
S•tlsf11etlon •~red or ,.tum for full ,.fund.
Ple•u Indicate size, color,
sleeve length, qu•ntity.
........,.
r'I ~
Introducing the BOBCAT
This full color design Is hand-screened on
T-SHIRTS OF 100% PRESHRUNK COTTON
We •l•o
IN AOUL T SIZES S,M,L,XL
h•v• • tine or 1weetshlrt1 •nd
WINTER 1987·88
kids T-Shirts
I -...
=.::::.~.,........
~-
......c... ..
I:."""
.•
,.l.110414t6 a.l
"'-
ccaoca_,,,,.,_u1o111111•---·
'--==~=---1
.
IUUl_.-111
Village Hands
or
llandm:ide Objects Beaut)
rrom :ill O\er the world!
•ptciatWoi: in ile.m~ rrom llotp:il
&Tibtl
Open Dail,> 11:00am-6pm
43 Broadway
Ashcvllle, NC
(704) 252-4336
Located across from Stone Soup
KATUAH - page 29
�vf€BW0Rl51t§
APPROPRIATE PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN,
blucprinLS and foll working drawings for homes,
shop$, and sheds. Creauvc dnlftina - your idc:is or
ours. Harmony Sunbuildcrs; P.O. Box 194; Sugar
Grove. NC 28697
NC FARMERS can gel 75~ reimbursement for
conservation m11113gement practices from NC Soil
and Water Conservation Comm. Cropland
conversion, tcmices, gm.•>s«I waterways, and other
erosion prevention measures. ConUICt locnl Soil and
Water Conservation District officci..
STARSPAN ASTROLOGICAL PROFILES:
Relationships, lire chart, forccasL~. Charts and
profc«101Ul taped readings also available. P.O. Box
10413; Raleigh, NC 2760S
GUATEMALAN REFUGEE SEED FUND: help
refugees in southern Mexico maintain lhcir culture
and d1i;nity by shirring a variety of •-egct:1blc o;eeds
directly to farmers. Write to: 2292 Grant Si..
Vancou,cr, BC, Can.:id.1 VSL2Z7
EUSTACE CONWAY· Guule and Teacher of
pnmitive Emh Sl1lls with cmphasi~ on fire
building, hide tanning, shelter, and foraging. He
ieachcs at public school~. parks, cnvll'Onmcma.I
centers, and classes of all lands. For mocc
information CODl.1Cl him at: 602 Deerwood Drive,
<i~ 1'Ci280S4 u call Allcm Stanley al (704)
1918 SIMPLE LIFESTYLES CALENDAR •
Photos of "Cnf1SpCOplc or Appabchia" by Wam:n
Brunner and suggcs11ons for simple h"mg for each
day. S6.00 from App:ilachia-Scicncc m lhc Public
lnlCrcSl; RL S, Box 423: LivingslOll, KY 4044S.
All prOCCCds bcnc!il lhc WOf'k or ASPI, a llOll·(llO!il
corpomuon.
ROSE AROMATICS - csscntilll oils have been
healing body, mind, spirit, since ancient Egypl. A
most pleasant therapy! Dabney Rose; Rt. 3. Bo~
286-A; Candler, NC 2871 S
CHEROKEE INDIAN LANGUAGE clnsscs. For
info, write Robcn Bushyhcad; P.O. Bo~ 70S:
Cherokee, NC 2871
ROCKTN' WITH BILLY B • Do lhc DO!lct of I~
Dragonfly or the Roel 'n Roll of PhotoS>nlMsis in
lhe "Music and lhc Natural World" work•hop.
Avnilablc for bookings for schools or local groups,
fan. 29-Feb. 4, 19gg, Great mouvalicin for kids!
Call Ken Voorhis (615) 448-6709.
FUTOl'S by Simple Pleasures • afford:ihly priced.
Send SASE for info ID: Simple Pica.sum;; Rt. I ,
Al TERNATIVE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL· At
Arthur Morg:in School 24 students and 14 staff lcnm
1ogether by living in community. Curriculum
includes crcnl.ivc ocndcmic:s, group dccision-maling,
a work program, scrncc projccis. extensive neld
uips, challenging outdoor experiences. Wri1e: 1901
Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville. NC 28714 (704)
675-4262
CUSTOM CELTIC HARPS • A'Colltl Bason:
Tra"ianna Farm: RL 1: Cbcck, VA 240n.
DRUMS • CllSIOID bandaafi.ed ceramic dumbc:cks &.
wooden medicine drums. Call Joe Robcns at (704)
258-1038 or write to: 738 Town Mountain Rd.:
Asheville, NC 28804.
Box 1426; CbylOll, GA 30S2S (~) 782-3920
A\tERICAN l!'.'DIANS of 1/16 blood. any tnbc,
accepted as mcmbcn of the Soulhc:lstcrn Cherokee
Confcdcro<:y. For application, wore: Chief Wilham
"Ratll<:.'>nakC" facl:son: RL I, BOJt 111: Leesburg,
QA 31763
sn-79n
graphic lilt to express and enhance our hvcs. l..ogos,
brochures, boou, porua1ture, window and wall
hangings. ConLict Manlui Tree (704) 7S4-<i097.
ASHEVILLE I BUNCOMBE COUJl<'TY SOLID
WASTE ALTERNATIVES PLANNING
WORKBOOK: A design for handling sohd w:ll>lCS
tn nny urban context. SIS from Long Branch
Env1ronmcn111I Education Center. Rt. 2. Box 132;
Leicester, NC 28748.
BARTERING NETWORK forming. Call Peter al
(704) 926-6250 for 1nformooon.
Am&.· stone.~ from folk uuditions till around the
M. TREE DESIGNS· lllustrauons and Design •
Beyond the p:igcs or lhi~ JQum:il, I work. in pencil,
colored pencil, inl, cul paper, :ind b31.ik. Fine and
AND THE EARTH UVED HAPPILY EVER
world chosen lo help protccl all living beings by
bringing the world society a few steps clo,cr to
pc:icc and respect for all life. Edited by Floating
Eagle Fca1her. S7.00 ppd. (All profiis go to
Greenpeace and the Peace Museum). Order from :
Wages of Peace: 309 Trudeau Dr.; Mellirc, LA
70003
DA YSTAR ASTROLOGICAL SERVICE· natal,
transit, companson chans. Very accurate. Only
S3.00 each. Chris and Will B11.wn: R1. 2, Box 217;
Qie(:k, VA 24072 (703) 6Sl-3492
STIL-LIGHT THEOSOPHICAL RETREAT
CENTER - • qu1c1 space for personal mcd1uuon,
group interaction through study and communuy
work. 8lld spirit.u.11 semi run. Conlatl Leon Fr.llllr.cl;
RL I, Box 326: Wayncsv1Uc, 1':C 28786
CRAFTSPEOPl.l'i • send pncc l1rungs 10 Ci/t~d
/lands of NC, 331 Bl.lie S1; Raleigh, l"C 27601
(Att'n: Bern Orey Owl) • unique shop prucnling
35-40 crahcrs' works in R.ilc1gh"s C11y M.utcL All
a:lfl~ coosidcrcd.
FLOWER ESSENCES • H.vmony v.alh Na1ure &.
Sp1ri1. Ocnllc cmOOC>llal ~ppon during lrnll~itions,
specific: hsucs, rcla11onship~. Opens
communication~
Sclr·OdJUSling, non · lox1c,
awareness "U>Oh" for 1mprovmg lhc inner quality.
Correspondence 10: F.b1nc Geougc, c/o PDtchwork
Castle, Cclo, 3931 llWY 80 So.• Bum!IY1llc, NC
28714
MASSAGE/BODYWORK THERAPIST 1mcrcsicd
m c~changmg trcatmcnL• for other 1CtYICCS/produc1S.
Call Peter 11 (704) 926-6250.
KATUAll - page 30
MEDITATION CUSHIONS from Carolina
Morning Designs. Traditional and inflatable .c.afus.
For free brochure, write: RL I, Box 31-B: Hot
Spnni;s. NC 28743
(I? GRAFICKS • I u~ lhe media of rcncols,
colored pencils, gouachc, pen and mk, aaJ
pltolognlphy in creating unique !inc and gralicl art.
I can make diagrams, logos, finished pnnLS, and
dc$igns for brochures, calendarJ, Cllrds, books. cte..
Mandalas and symbol> arc my tendency among
other styles. Concact Rob Messick (704) 754-6097.
THE APPALACHIAN HERB NEWSLEIJ'ER:
exploring lhc potcniial for herbs as ca'h crops 1n
Appalachfo. Subscriptions S 12/yr.. Wruc:
Appal3cbjnn Herb Ncwslcucr - ASPI; Rt . S, Box
423; Livingston, KY 4044S
MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS herbal salves,
tinctures, & oils for b1nh1ng &. family hc3llh. For
brochure. please wri1e: Moon Dance Fnrm; Rt I,
Box 726; Hampton, TN 37658
SAMADHJ FLOAT TANK for sale. Spcalcers and
pump. Foe back pain, medaation, relaxation.. Sl2.SO
(nc:goci:lble). Call (704) 68'.l-1103.
CAROLINA MTN. MACROBIOTIC CENTER
ortcn natural foods cooking classes, diewy
counselling, cducauonal lccUJn:~ ror a healthier life.
Torn or Debbie Alhos. Call (704) 254-%06.
WEB WORKING l~ free.
Send submissions to:
KaJ.ua.h
P.O. Box 63g
LciCCSICr, NC
Kaliiab Province 28748
WINTER 1987 -88
�Mtdfcfn,.. Alllts
Kil.IiJJJh wants to communlcace your tho11ghcs and feelings to the other people in the
bioregional province. Send chem to us as letters, poems. stories. drawings, or
photographs. Please send your conrribiuions to us at: K1lnJIJ.h,· Box 638; uicester, NC;
Karuah Province 28748.
There has betn a profusion of topics proposed for articles for the spring issue. Send
in ':iJ1W ideas! January 16 is tire submissions deadline/or Issue 19.
BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE
ISSUE TWO · WINTER t983-84
Yon.ah. Be.- Hunlal Pigeon River . AnOlher
Way Wilh Animals • Alma • Bccomln1
ful I rolor
T-s61rts
ISSUE TEN· WINTER 198.S-86
Kile Rosen • C1tclcs or Stone • lruc.mal
Mylhmakin1 • Holistic He&lm1 on Trial •
Poans: SICYe Knal>lll • M y1hic Pbces • The
Uktena'• Tale • Crysral Maalc •
"Dlelnwpealana"
Politie&lly Effective - Mounlaln Woodllllds
K&lah l.1nder lhc Drill Spiritual Wrnwm
ISSUE THREE· SPRINO 1984
SUJl.wble Asnculnn. sunnowen • Human.
lmpacl on lhe Forui • Childrau' Ed11ea1ion
Veronica Nlo:holu:Woman in Politic. • Ullle
People· Medicine Alliea
ISSUE ELEVEN· SPRINO 1986
Community Planrun1 • Citiu and Iha
BicnaionaJ Vision • Recyelill& • Community
Glldcn&na· Floyd Col.ay. VA · Ouobol •
Two BiorePonaJ VMwl • Nudec Supplemau
Fo11"1tt Oamu. Oood Medicine; Visions
ln the traditional Cherokee Indian
belief, the creatures in the world today arc
only diminuitive fonns of the mythic beings
who once inhabited the world. but who now
reside in Galuna'ti, the spirit world, the
highest heaven. But a few of the original
powers broke through the spiritual barrier
and exist yet in the world as we know it.
These beings are called with reverence
"grandfathers". And of them, the strongest
are Kanati, the lightning, the power of the
sky; Utsa'nati, the raulcsnakc, who
personifies the power of the earth plane; and
Yunwi Usdi, "the littJc man", as ginseng is
called in the sacred ceremonies, who draws
up power from the underworld.
Each is the strongest power in irs own
domain. Together they are allies: their
energies compliment each other to form an
even greater power. As medicine allies, they
represent the healing powers of the
Appalachian Mountains.
The medicine powers of Karuah have
been depicted in a srriking T-shin design by
Ibby Kenna. Printed in 5-color silkscreen
by Ridgerunncr Naturals on top quality,
all-cotton shirts, they arc available now in
nil adult sii.cs from the Kan!:ID journal.
"To show respect for this supernatural
trinity of the natural world is to in turn
become an ally in the continuing process of
maintaining harmony and txililnce here in the
mountains of Karuah."
To order, use the form below.
ISSUE FOUR ·SUMMER 1984
Wauz Orum • WIU# ~ • Kudzu • Solw
Eclipse • Cturcuuma • TJ'OUI • Ooin& ., Wala
R11n Pimps • Micl'oll)'dro • Poems: Bennie
Lee Sinclair. Jlm Woync Miller
ISSUE EJGKT - SUMMER 1985
Cclebn11on: A Way or Life· Ka1u.ih 18.000
Yeat11 Ago Sacred S11es • Folk Atu in lhc
Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon C)lolo • Poems:
Hilda Downer Chtrok.ec Hcnlige C.-nu:r •
Who Owns Appalshui?
ISSUE NINE· FALL 1985
The Waldce Foru1 • The Trees Speak •
Migra11.n& Fore.ts • Horse Louin& • Startma a
Tree Crop • Urbln Trea • Acom Bread - Mylh
lune
Address
Enclosed is $
to give
this ejfort 011 extra boost
WINTER 1987-88
Phone Number
ISSUE FIFTEEN • Spring 1987
Coverlets . Woman Forester • Susie McMahan
Midwife
Ah.emaltvo Contraception •
81osuuali1y · Biorcaionalism and Women •
Good Medicine: M.in.tcharial Culan ·fad
...,.......
ISSUE SIXTEEN· Summer 1987
Helen Waite · Poem: Visiona in a Garden •
Vision Qucsl • Fant Plow
lnitiaLion •
Leamin& in lhe Wildcrneu · Cherokee
Ollllcnge • ·va1uin1 Tn:cs·
,~----
ISSUE SEVENTEEN - Fall 19117
Glady • Bear Su.y • M1chad PellOn • Boan
Good Medic-inc: •findina Albcs• • Bcai
Hun1.1n1 • Champion • "8C&I"." Poem • Grecns
"Old Oaluics:" Poem. ·uuering"
Back Issues
Issue #
.@ $2.00 = S_ _
Issue #
@ $2.00 =
Issue#_@ $2.00 = S_ _
Issue#
.@ $2.00 = S_ _
Issue # _ _@ $2.00 = S_ _
Complete Set (2-11, 13-17)
@ s20.oo =s__
T-Shins: specify quantity
color tan
s__
S_ _ M_ _
L_ _ XL_ _
Zip
I can be a local contact
person for my area
Arca Code
Siovcmake(s NanaU..e • Good Med1"1ne:
lnlalpecies Commurucauon
Regular Membership........ SlO/yr.
Sponsor.........................$20/yr.
Contributor.....................$50/yr.
State
ISSUE FOURTEEN· Winsa 1986.87
Uoyd Carl Owle · Booaen and Mummas - AU
Spcciu Day • Cabin Fever Univeniry •
Hamel- in Kan.ah • Homemad& Hot Wall:l
ISSUE SEVEN · SPRING 1985
Sustainable Economics • Hot Spnnp • Worker
Ownership • The Creal Economy · Self tlolp
Credit Union . Wild Turkey • Re1ponsible
lnvcstul& • Wcn1Un1 m the Web or Ufe
For more info: call Mamie Muller (704) 683-1414
City
s,.._
ISSUE SIX • WINTl!R 1984-85
Winsa Sohlicc l!&ttl> Caemony • Hancpun.n
River • Comins or lhe UgJu • Loa c.btn
Rooca • Mounwn Ap;culnne: The Rill>' Crop
• W-llliam TayI«· The FD!ln or lhe l'oml
J(AilJAH: Bjoregional Journal oflhc Southern Appalachians
Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kauiah Province 28748
Name
ISSUE THIRTEEN · Pall 1986
Cenler FOT Awahnin& ·Elizabeth Callari· A
Gentle Dealll • Hospice • Eme.1 Morgan •
Dcalin& Crarively wilh Death • Home Bmial:
801 • The Wake • The Raven Mocker •
Woodllorc ud Wild"'OOC!a Wisdom • Good
MDC!iciroo: The
Lod&e
ISSUE FIVE· FAU. 1984
HltVest • Old Waya in Cherokee • Oinscn1 •
Nuclear Wuie • Our Cd11c Hcritaae •
Biore&ianahsm; Pu1, Present. md Fulllre •
John WilllOIY • Hui.in& ~ • Pohta or
Participalion
@ $9.50 each........... .$_ _
TOTAL PRICE=
postage paid
$_ _
KATUAH-page 31
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, </span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. </span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
This resource is part of the <em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1983-1993
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
journals (periodicals)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, Issue 18, Winter 1987-1988
Description
An account of the resource
The eighteenth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on vernacular shelter: log, frame, stone, yurts, earth-shelters, and membrane houses. Authors and artists in this issue include: Sam Gray, Adam Cohen, Greg Olson, Marnie Muller, Scott Bird, Rob Messick, Snow Bear, Rita Sims Quillen, Julia Nunnally Duncan, Michael Hockaday, Rob Messick, Martha Tree, Barbara Kirby, Colleen Redman, Bern Grey Owl, Douglas A. Rossman, David Wheeler, and Christina Morrison. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987-1988
Table Of Contents
A list of subunits of the resource.
Protecting the Dreamer: Vernacular Values in Architecture by Sam Gray.......3<br /><br />Dreams in Wood and Stone: Building Your Own Home by Adam Cohen.......5<br /><br />A Mountain Home by Greg Olson.......8<br /><br />Homemade Houses in Katúah: A Photo Feature.......9<br /><br />Listening to Earth Energies by Marni Muller.......10<br /><br />Earth-Sheltered Living by Scott Bird.......11<br /><br />Membrane Houses by Rob Messick.......13<br /><br />The Brush Shelter by Snow Bear.......14<br /><br />Resource List: On Building and Design.......15<br /><br />Solar Composting Toilet.......15<br /><br />October Dusk: Poems by Rita Sims Quillen | Review by Julia Nunnally Duncan.......16<br /><br />Good Medicine: "On Shelter".......7<br /><br />The Future of the Black Bear: Conference Report.......19<br /><br />Natural World News: Caldwell County Incinerator | Smokies Wilderness Bill | Poachers Caught | MRS in Congress | Forest Service Plan Appeal | Duke's Coley Creek Project | Asheville Recycling Center.......20<br /><br />A Children's Page.......23<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......24<br /><br />"A Bourn of Buds": A Poem by Michael Hockaday.......7<br /><br />Webworking.......30<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em>
Publisher
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Sylva Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina
Subject
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Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern
Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern
Owner-built houses--Appalachian Region, Southern
Dwellings--Energy conservation
Vernacular architecture--Appalachian Region, Southern
Cherokee Indians--Dwellings
High-efficiency toilets
Geomancy
North Carolina, Western
Blue Ridge Mountains
Appalachian Region, Southern
North Carolina--Periodicals
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Source
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<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a>
Rights
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<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Appalachian Region, Southern
Is Part Of
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<a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a>
Format
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PDF
Journals (Periodicals)
Temporal Coverage
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1980s
Appalachian History
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Black Bears
Book Reviews
Cherokees
Children's Page
Earth Energies
Electric Power Companies
Forest Issues
Good Medicine
Habitat
Hazardous Chemicals
Katúah
Katúah Organization
Poems
Radioactive Waste
Reading Resources
Recycling
Shelter
Turtle Island
Western North Carolina Alliance
Wilderness
Women's Issues
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https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/2f5c7a65526cf67e7320e0c5525d2492.pdf
a25df4140491bff73a4b9d4c92436ab2
PDF Text
Text
ISSUE 23 SPRING 1989
$1.50
BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS
�~LJAHjOURNAL
Postage Paid
Bulk Mail
Permit #18
Leicester, NC
28748
P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
�THE PISGAH VILLAGE:
A Window into Ancient Ways
..~..-··-·-···-"·-·- ··..·-----··-··-..··-......~..
......
·'
- .......
-
-......· -..
Pisgah Village:
A Window into Ancient Ways ..............!
by Kim Sandland
Planet Art in Katuah............................. 5
by Denise Newbourne
The Green City as Thriving City.........8
by David Morris
Poplar AppeaJ .................................... l 0
lJy Doug Elliott
Written and Illustrated by Kim Sandland
Clear Sky: A Composite Portrait... .... 13
by James Rhea
"A New Earth" ................................... 14
by Jerry Trivette
College as Community Resource .......16
by C.B. Squire
Wild l ovely Days ............................... 18
Poems by Elizabeth Griffin
Photographs by Gil Leebrick
Natural World News..........................20
Reviews:
Sacred Latu/ Sacred Se.x
Rapuue of the Deep .....................23
Stopping the Coming Ice Age ............25
Drumming: Leuers to Kafllah ...........26
''Sudden Tendrils" .............................28
a poem by Michael Hockaday
Events Calendar................................32
Webworking .....................................34
On a low rise above the Catawba River there
was a village .....Once, long ago, the village
flourished ..... Flanked by magnificent forests,
with mountains rising abruptly on the western
side, it stood on floodplain soils, with fields and
gardens enriched by seasonal deposits of sih..... lt
has long since been abandoned. and now it lies
underground, a ghost town enslirouded in the
mystery of its demise.....Remains of posts in 1he
ground delineate where homes once stood. cold
heanhs contain fragments of roasted nuts and
seeds and the bones of deer and small game
animals.....Picces of hand-formed and decorated
clay ea.nhenware. tempered with the sands of
village paths, litter old floors .....When one stands
in what was probably once the cemcr of the
village, there is a pervasive aura of kindred
association and the lingering question of why was
this village abandoned by its rcsidcnls 600 years
ago.....
The old town has been named the Pisgah
Village by mhaeologists presently excavating the
Cn1awbn River site. Ken Robinson of Warren
Wilson College and his field workers are only
now uncovering the village, and it will be some
time before a thorough picture of its rcs1den1s'
wiy of life is pieced together. Excavation hns
already taken months of work, and the project will
continue through October of 1989. Laboratory
study of the artifacts recovered from the site,
photography. drawing, mapwork, and
comparisons with other sites will take much
longer.
NOTE. The exact locOUO!t of the "Pisgah VI/Inge"
article 10 protect tlit #le fro111 po.r3iblt
di!.turlJanus before ucawJlion rs c:ompltttd.
is 1101 11l•tlf 111 thU
Archaeology allows us to reconstruct the
lifeways of chose who lived here before us. II
allows us to determine the distribution,
availability, and use of natural resources by
peoples of 1he past; climatic conditions; cultural,
behavioral, and spiritual traditions and their
material representations. Archaeological fieldwork
can also tell us when - and possibly even why •
such cultures dlsappeared.
The Pisgah Village is one of thirty
promising sites that were identified in McDowell
County. North Carolina. Three of the sites were
tested for future study, but this is the only one
currently under inrcnsive study.
The site is interesting. says Robinson,
because of its location at the edge of the mountains
on the boundary between 1 very differe nt
wo
geographical situations. This was not typical of
late prehistoric settlements. The Pisgah village
presents lhe first opportunity for study of what is
possibly a definitive boundary between the
ancestors of the Cherokee and the ances1ors of the
Catawba peoples. whose culrurcs were evidently
very differenL
Anifac1s so far recovered indicate two
occupations of I.he village sire - the first from about
500-1000 AD, the second from about 900·1500
AD. The focus of the current research is on the
later occupation, says Robinson. He hopes to shed
some light on why the Pisgah Village site was
ab3ndoned.
Widespread disruption of narive settlements
throughout the Southeast occurred around
1450· l 550, and the dissipation of such
(oonunucd on p:ige 3
�~LJAHjOURNAL
·-
EDITORl AL STAFF THIS ISSUE:
Will Ashe Bason
Michael Red Fox
Richard Lowenthal
Rob Messick
Christina Morrison
Marnie Muller
Kim Sandland
David Wheeler
EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE:
Scou Bird Manha Tree Jack Otaney John Creech Jay Joyce
Marsha Ring Patrick Clark Chip Smith
COVER by Rob Messick
INVOCATION - a poem, •world.~ by Elizabeth Griffin
PUBLISHED BY: Kauiah Journal
PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mow11ainecr Press
WRITE US AT:
Kail1ah Journal
Box 638
Leicester, NC
Katuah Province 28748
!ELF.PHONE:
(704)683-1414
D1vcrsi1y is an 1mport:tn1 elemcm of bioregional ecology, both
nawrol and social. Tn line wath Iha~ principle, lhe KaJ1'ah Journal uics 10
~e as a forum for the discussion ot regional Issues. Signed arucles e~rcss
only lhe op111ion of the aulbors and arc not necesSill'il)' Ille opanions of the
Karliah Jounw/ tduors or stnff.
The lmcmal Revenue Servtce bas declared Kat11ah a non·pront
organiza1ion under seer.ion SQl(cXJ) or Ille ln1cmnl Revenue Code. All
conuibwions lO Katiiah are deductible from person.al income tl.it.
tNVOC.ATWN
the vJorld is as W9- are
TH£ SOtll'HERN APPALACHtAN BJORECJON
AND MAJOR EASTERN RJVER SYSTEMS
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Herc m lhe souLhcm-most hcattlund of Lhc App:ilnchian mounuins, 1he oldest
mounlllan range on our continetll, Turtle lslnnd; a small bu1 growing group h:is begun
IO mke on a sense of responsibilhy for Ille implicau(ln.~ of lhl11 gcogr.tphicnl nnd
culturol heritngc. This sense of responsib1li1y c:cnu:rs on lhe conccp1 of hvmg w11hin
the ruuural ~ and bal3nce of universal sysiems Md pnllClJllcs.
Wilhan dus circle we began by invoking Lhc Cherokee mime • K;u.Ualt' a.~ lhe
old/new name for this nrca of the mouniains and for ii.s joU!Tllll as well The province is
indicated by •L~ naUDUI boundarie$! the Ro:inokc Ri~cr Valley 10 the nonh; the foollulls
of the piedmont area IO the cast: Yona Mount.am nnd lhc Georgia halls lO lhc :>0u1h: and
the Tennessee Raver Valley to the west.
TI1~ editorial pnootieli ror u:; arc t0 c:o!Ject and disseminate mfonnar.ion Md
energy which pcrL'llllS specifically LO lllls region, nnd IO ro.u:r IJ1e awareness 1h:u 1hc
land i~ a hvmg be.mg de$CMng of our love and rcspeeL Livmg in this manner is a way
IO ansuro the su.~n:ibility of the bao.~phcrc and a la.rung placc for ourselves m 11.S
continuing cvolutlonary process.
We seem IO h3ve readied Ille fulcrum Point of a• do or die • si111t1tion m t.cnrn;
of a quality standard of life for all living beings on !his planeL A~ a voice for lhc
can:lakcrs or llus saarcd land. Kaniah. we advoc:uie a c:enlefed approach 10 Ilic cooccp1 of
dccenlnlli1..otion. II is our hope 1 become a support sysicm for those acocpong lhe
.0
challenge of SUStninabilhy and lhe creation of harmony and balance an a total sense,
here an this place.
We welcome all correspondence, critlcism, perunen1 infonnation, articles,
an work, etc. with hopes th31 K.a.tWib will grow ID serve lhe best in1eres1S of lhis region
and all us li11'11lg, breathing members.
-The EdilOrS
let us desire only
that consciousness
,r
Of life
in which the cosmic will
and the will to be
are.,one
Some of lhe K01iiah JourfllJ] Staff: (le1i IO right)
Foreeround: Andy Ha!I-Bak.cr Middlr: David Wheeler, Mamie Muller, Rob
Messick Standing: Will A.She Bason. Christina Morrison. Chip Smith,
Rithiud Lowenlh3l. Lisa Franklin
Sprt"'J, 1989
�(continued from page J)
well-developed, thriving cultures has never been
fully understood. Robinson feels lhat CJCcavauon
of the Pisgah Village may lend some support 10 the
theory that early Spanish explorers had a
devastating effect on native aboriginal peoples.
lt has long been surmised that Spa.nish
explorers, led by Hernando De Soto and Juan
Pardo among others, came up from the east and
Gulf coasts through South Carolina and then
inlMd to the Little Tennessee River. The routes of
these explorers have lately been re-evaluated,
however, and much evidence now indicates that
they came along the eastern edge of the mountains
~ perhaps even as far east as the Catawba River.
Some of the ac!ual records from the DeSoto and
l>ardo expcdhions contain references to what are
now believed to be villages in McDowell County.
a hand in decimating these large animal
populations.
The burgeoning human population.
unchecked by disease and nunurcd by abundance,
reached a saturation point. The time from about
8,000 BC to I AD is called the Archaic Period.
when human living took on a very different
approach. In the woodlands the Archaic peoples
hunted small game - primarily deer - fished. and
collected plant foods. They were only seasonally
nomadic, capitalizing on the migrations of
animals, the spawning of fish, the maturing of
nuts, and the flush of ripening benics.
The people of the Archaic Period were
efficient enough in their hunting and gathering that
the search for food did not take up all of their time;
they also pursued other endeavors. They made
basketS and mats which have been found
preserved in sites in the dry Southwest desen.
They made hand-polished stone articles - some
done very anistically, others left undecorated fo~
utilitarian use. Graves from the Archaic Period
contain tools, weapons, red ochre (a pigment
associated with ceremonies), beads, pendants, and
dogs - all mcticulo_usly placed to accompany the
dead into an aflcrhfe. Their stone hunting points
were made with stems to be attached to sbaftS, an
innovation from the time of lhc Palco-Indians.
The earliest evidences of human occupation
in the Southern Appalachian Mountains date from
the Archaic Period. They consist of isolated find.~
of a distinct type of projectile point used for
hunting - the Morrow Mountain type - dated to
4500 BC.
The Woodland Period
The Woodland Period of human habirotion
The Spanish brought conflict and murder
along wi1h their pack trains. They also brought
Q.iseases - smallpox, measles, tuberculosis, and
influenza - the likes of which the native population
had not experienced on this continent. The
Spanish, according to their own writings, burned
villages, kidnapped and enslaved natives, abused
the native cullure, and spread their imponed
diseases. They formed trade alliances with some
of the native tribes and introduced European
materials. The full extent of the cultural and social
disruption caused by the introduction of these
trade goods is only now being realized. Robinson
hopes that study of the Pisgah Village site will
provide new links in the chain of undenaanding.
extended from about I AD to 1600 AD. Three
primary developmentS marked the transition from
the Archaic to the Woodland cuhural iypes:
· the development of pottery for cooking,
storing, and transporting food and other items:
- the cultivation of vegetable crops to
supplement hunting and gathering:
- and the first pcnnanent settlements.
People of the Woodland phase settled in
river valleys, where seed-bearing plants thrive.
and became almost sedentary. cultivating native
grains and then com. gourds, and squash as these
crops were passed nonh from Mexico. Projectile
poinis became smaller and more finely crafted.
The bow and arrow replaced the spear and the
dan.
Woodland peoples traded across long
distances. Mica from the Southern Appalachians
and shells and fossilized shark's teeth from the
coastal areas appear in archaeological sites
throughout the southeast
Burial practices continued the tradition of
placing grave goods to accompany the dead. Some
individuals were bwied in elaborate earth mounds,
indicating some status or rank among their feUow
villagers.
Some of the Woodland Period peoples built
tremendous carthworlcs for purposes that are still
unclear to archeo-historians. They show a
remarkable diversity, some being mathematically
executed, others shaped like serpents. birds, and
other figures. The full extent of some of these
landscape sculptures was fully realiz.cd only after
observers could fly above them.
In some pans of the Southeast during the
Woodland Period, clements of what is called
"Mississippian culture" appeared. Mississippian
culture was characterized by temple mounds
(eanhworks which were the foundation for
ceremonial centers). village) fortifLed with
encircling palisades of stakes. copper tools and
jewelry, and inrncruely designed ceremonial an.
The v.intings of early European explorers of
the 15th century describe palisaded towns with an
ehtborate soctal development and material culture.
(continued on JXl8C 4)
The First People
During the last lee Age a land bridge JOined
Asia and Nonh America acrosi. chc Berin~ Strait.
Many scientist:. believe that prehistoric people
followed the large game animals into the new
continent by this rou!e, and by the year 10,000 BC
the first humans were well-established in both
Nonh and South America. These Palco-Indian
people. as they arc called. were nomadic hunters.
They had no settlements, and the only evidences
of their culture that have been round arc hunting
weapons (stone spear points and darts), chipped
stone knives, choppers and scrapers used for
processing game meat and cutting wood, and
animal bones thnt are evidence of their big game
kills.
By 8,000 BC the glaciers had retreated, and
the climate became wanner. Many of the big game
animals - species of horse. camel. rhinoceros, and
bison not seen today. the great ground sloths and
the woolly mammoth - became extinct on this
continent Some scientists believe that humans had
Spr~"'J. 1989
Ken Rotmisnn and
visiring school class
t!t.Omi1U! parrially
ew1WJ1ed grid
.fllUl1re OJ PiSgaJ1
Vi/Inge.
Pho•o by Morme1 Mulltf
�(col\Ullucd from p:ige 3)
In the Southern Appalachians, lhis Mississippian
tradition, borrowed from cuhural influences 10 the
west is called "the Pisgah tradition" by
arch~eologists. Peoples of the Pisgah tradition
were the direct ancestors of the Cherokee.
The Pisgah tradition of lhe late Woodland
Period with its Mississippian influences, marks
the pi~nacle of the cultural evolution of native
peoples in the Southern Appalachians. Although
some cultural traditions persisted until the rime of
the Cherokee Removal, the native way of life was
altered forever with the arrival or white explorers
and seulers.
Pottery fragments, called sherds, cons~ilute
the majority of anifacts from the Warren Wilso11
excavations. Pottery vessels were fashioned from
coils of clay, shaped and rounded. Some of the
containers hnd handles or thickened runs and were
tempered with sand before firing for extra
s1rCng1h. Some were plain and undecorated, while
others bore complica1cd panerns created by
stamping the unfired vessels with carved wooden
paddles. Cords or nets were also used lO l~ve
fiber impressions in the wet clay, and des1~ns
were also incised with small, sharp. marking
tools.
Plnin and decorated clay tobacco pipes have
also been recovered, as well as small s1one and
clay discs. believed to be counters or gamepieces.
Also found were clay and soapstone beads and
polished stone gorgeis. A hole was drilled into
each of the ornaments so that it might be worn
around the neck.
The Pisgah rradition was a way of life
which allowed individualized expression of talent
and beliefs. During this phase livelihood was
secure enough to allow time for artistic
embellishment of functional tools. Carved
soapstone bowls were made in sizes to hold from
Relics AJong the Swannanoa
The Pisgah tradition is best represented by
archaeological discoveries made on the campus of
Warren Wilson C-0llegc in Swannanoa in Kan'.iah.
Artifacts found there preview what might be
uncovered at the Pisgah Village site along the
Catawba.
The Warren Wilson site snw four penods of
habitat ion by native peoples. The earliest
occupation daies back nearly to the beginning of
!he Archaic Period, The snc has been disturbed by
erosion, dig~ing. and more recently by plowing.
Disturbed sues are more dlfficull to interpret,
because artifacts are misplaced, and feature.~ such
as building foundations, heanhs and r::rosh pits are
scauered. Despilc such disturbances,
archaeologists have learned a great deal from the
Warren Wilson site. No anifacts later than the
Pisgah phase have been. recovered ~1 Warren
Wilson. Its residents vanished someume 1n the
mid- l600's and never returned.
two quaris to 1wo gallons of liquid. Polished stone
axes were found, some grooved to be anached to
shafts, others designed to be hand-held. The
excavation yielded monars and pestles of stone for
grinding seeds, nuts, and drie(benies. and caches
of red and yellow ochre and graphite used for
paint pigments.
The villagers who occupied the Warren
Wilson site lived in rectangular dwellings. Over
the years. the sunken posts rotted and left dark
circular Stains in lhe earth, like perfect shadows.
ghoslly visions of the past. The walls were Likely
made of waule-and-daub, a mixture of clay and
grasses. Mose of the dwellings were not within the
village itself, but in outlying farmsteads.
In lhe center of each house was a raised clay
fire basin for warmth and cooking. The heanhs
and the storage vessels buried nearby contained
evidence of the foods these early people utilii.ed,
among them hickory nuts, waJnucs, buuemuts,
acorns, persimmons, maypops, grapes, bl~ck
cherries. and chesmuts. There were also remains
of com, squash, beans, and sumpweed, all of
which were cultivated. Trash pits contained the
bones of 30 species of animals, including bear,
deer, bobcat, weasel, mountain lion, squirrels.
turtles, snakes, frogs, and turkeys. From the
distribution of foods, it is sunnised that the Pisgah
(conbJlued oo page 24)
EXCAVATION
OF A PREHISTORIC SITE
An archneological cxcavarion site is chosen
because of the discovery of surface artifacts.
because of a promising location that looks likely to
yield evidence of occupation, or because th.e area
is threatened by development or by destruction by
vandals.
Fieldwork begins with a surface collection
of artifacts. Surface finds are ploued on a detailed
map of the site, because their distribution may in
itself reveal important information.
The plow zone is scraped away and sifted
through mesh screen 10 separate out any artifacts.
Below the plow zone may lie a surface
undisturbed by the activities of lauer-day humans.
A grid of stakes and Jines is then laid out
over the site, usually in a true nonh-south
alignment, to correspond with grid l~nes mark~d
on a site map. The area of each gnd square 1s
usually one square meter.
Soil samples may be taken with augers to
determine distinct strata and/or the presence of
hidden constructions or features (visible item
which cannot be removed from the site and taken
to the laboratory, such as house floors. burials,
cooking fire pits, etc.).
Selected grid squares may be excavated at
random if the site is large. Small sites may be
excavated entirely. Test excavations help 10
determine where to concentrate digging e!Tons.
As the squares are excavated, the wall of
each square 1s left intaCt m display lhe stratigraphy
(visible layering) of the soil.
Small layers, and sometimes whole strata,
of soiJ are removed using shovels or trowels, and
the exposed surface is levelled. M~terial from each
level is sifted and soned. The an1facts recovered
are bagged, labelled with their exact location in the
soil stratigraphy. Soil samples are taken from each
stratum 10 be examined in the laboratory. for even
mJcroscop1c elements in the soil {such as pollen
grains) may reveal information about the nora of
the area and the climate (such 11s periods of
drought and rainfall).
Each exposed surface level is mapped and
photographed, and details arc recorded in field
notebooks.
Features arc very carefully u~covcred ~s
they appear in the strata. To d1~turb lh_e1r
placement would be 10 destroy the rnformauon
they contain. Small dental picks, 1ooth~:ushes,
and even fine paintbrushes may be uuhzed to
remove the soil from artifacL~ and features.
Laboratory analysis of the artifacts. notes,
maps, drawings. and photographs may take
months, possibly years, of additional work once
the fieldwork is completed.
.
Artifacts and features from each gnd and
srratum and their relationships to the other finds
through~ut the site, will reveal the lifeways of the
people who once lived there - their t<?Ols,_ trades,
rituals, subsjstence. An archaeologist literally
delves into the relationship that ancient peoples
maintained with the world around them.
Archaeological fieldwork reveals details .of th~t
relationship. It may te~ how lo~g lhat ~elauonship
was sustained, and Dllgh1 possibly potnl to clues
as to why it came to an end
;st:t'
Sprtng, J!189 •
�Art
by Denise Newboume
Dream f rQl}ment . ••
Slt.e fell oslup that mghl and as she dre<uttM her spirit was
luult'd through the long spiral tunnel and inII) till! scars.
M1uri-dimtJtSional ribbons with Jhimmering citcu.ils drifted past
aJ incompreJumsiblt spuds Slie realized she was in 1/ie center of
the 1rwi.rplanetary in~rface, a place similar to a radio sroJibn
w/ll!re lJfU! can nW'. into past <JNlfimue choices and possibilities
for any piaMt, and/inc tune w tlic path ofgre01esr harmony.
"Hmmm," she wondered, .,what can that p01h possibly be
for the eartlrr Finding ow ~·as as simple as speaking the roMS
that most corresponded with Earth's vihrationaljreqrumcy ar tlie
prese111 tu~. No soonu had llll! said "John Wayne" than she
fo1uld lu:rself in a lwlogram oftill! Earth.
Her SU&Sitivc a.11ral rectpum M-Ve overw/11:/med a1fv.~t
with an almost 1111/Jearablt colkaion of hurrlingferocities,
terrified srreaming, and lrnpelt!Ss fwiliry. She re111(Ji/led calm,
knowing from experience tll/Jl often tire jint reception ofsuch
planets was the hardest lmagu of marching soldiers appeared
before her, rows ofmen 1n unifonns, who turned on their heels
and became long rows of ballerinas, all dressed in the same rum
dolng rl~ uact SOllW hops and twirls while myriads of musicians
all played variatwns of the SattU'! song. A smal I number of
"others" hod them wrapped in strings, wl11ch the>• kept rig/rt, and
twisted tfl/!nt this Wtl)' and tllDt, like puppets. Then she noticed
thOl'-fand:. of beings sitting i11 tlie darkness.paralyzed The
dancers and musicians wen' used to dii-en rheir anention from
tll/!ir dl!.rperarely repres.ud condition.
Then di/! Sct!nario began to change
the people in
darkness bt:gan to wake 11p and cw the strings. They swpped
allowing tl.e cloned do.nurs and arrisrs to llypnoti:e them and
started dancing tlll!mSelvts. Nor imuating any form, they simply
followed wh1tre their own bodies led tht!ITI. The "official" artisu
also stopptd their/~en.sh reprodJJJ:twnr ofprescribedforms
long en1mgh w listen to the songs and dances from wid1itt They
all begD11 listen.ing to and performing thdr own unique songs and
danus. and helping otlll!rs learn
tlll! s~. More and 1111>re
strings were cw. and tlle ligliJ gr~ brigluer wilh t!llch ""e's gift
of color. until of/ the beings became a mandala ofilrlerw<J\'tn
harmony and beawy.
Her anelllion tllrMd to a man in a belly dancers silks and
veils, doing rhl sinuous, anciefll dance of binh She looked
closer and saw it war .. John Wayfll!! "What a nice resolurilln,"
slie mused to herself. "It doesn't seem so hard looking at ft from
oUlhere.··
"'do
We are now witnesses to the ultimate dead-end created
when reason attempt~ to dominate spirit, men to dominate
women, science to dominate an. and "civilized" peoples ro
dominate "'n:uive" ones. The5e are all external eumples of a
fundamental split and sttuggle within e:ich of us. We have come
so far from our primordial heritage of wholeness. that many of us
arc at a los:. as to how to regain it We are still StrUggling to learn
lhnt our fundamental problem is not any category of people. but
the \'Cry existence of ~~teg~es.. 9ur problem ~s nOt science.~
power. not an, not ~pintuahty; n 1s the pcrcepuon of these tlnngs
as sepanuc rather than facc1~ of a unified whole.
,\ key clemenr of the 1houglit sys1cm in which we perceive
each Other ns lw lhan whole 1s the notion lhat some people arc
creative and Olhm arc no1. Thi:. is extremely discmpowcring
becllusc the power to cn.:.ltC is a cenrral attribute of divinity in all
n:ligions. Thi~ c~tivc now from within provides us with 1he
knowledge of our own power. b:iJance, and self-wonh. lf we
believe that we do not have this rcgcnenitive power, then we
promote scarcity for ourselves and others. So here we all nre
amidst terrifying psychological scarcity collectively creaccd by the
majority of the population who for one rcawn or another do no:i
belie~ they arc creo.rivi- nnd powerful The planet cnn only a1wn
the pence thut com~ from wholenes.~ when the beings who
comprise it acknowledge •heir own and each others' wonh
An. ai. we know 11 today. b a mirror for our plnnewy
condiuon. There arc some people who do it. and they are n:vercd
:is if they have something others do not. There is a funher
dhtinction between "fine" an and "folk" an, with the unplicarion
that fine an is somehow nobl~-r and better than folk., because it is
non-funclionnl. TIUs 1s the alienating idea that an is only real if it
is removed from the daily now oflifc.
When a peoplCli: he.1.rlfclt. arti~ cxprcs.sion is_ lo;-t or
s~tenurically extingu15.hcd, they begin to feel empty inside and
often beccmc caught up in a funle effon to saiisfy themselves
with utemal g~. 11us exu:mal grasping often IC3ds lO the
phenomenon o! ~ictiveness The fact &tlat ~e !'ow ha~oe whole
societie~ c:."pcncnang desperate levels of addlCtlOn :uid_
1is
a11endan1 destruction is a signal that it is ume forchoosmg to heal
ourselves. One way we can do this is by tapping our unique
expression~ and bl~ing ourselves llild the planet ~;th the
creative energy that Oows from our spinL
Our culrural definition of an needs to expand from the
activiucs or an elite few to that or all people. Jose ArgueUes, in
his latest book Surfers ofthe luvuya, provides such a definition:
"You've all gott.t undcrsuind th:tt you're artists. Nothing fancy,
but anists of life. anists of reality....Anything that's harmoniwl.
that's an. This is an imponnn1 point ... since the planet's got to
(conunllCld on PQ&ll 6)
SJJrin9' 1989
~ ~~~ - 1'.!'9'1 ~ y
�be cleaned up and rehnm1omzed, there isn't any1hmg that isn't
Planet An." With this kind of definition. an becomes intrinsic to
the flow of life. \Ve are now beginning to realize that a11y
expression that comes from our own spirits i'> valid, even if it
docs not confom110 formerly prescribed ideas of'' an".
To see an as a force for hnrmonizing our world is also to
odd a higher di~s1on '?f social respon~i~ility to it. 111~.
question "Will this conmbute to harmomzing our plam:t?
becomes a standll!"d pan of the creative process, and an irnpon:mt
criteria for whether or not 10 mar.ifest nn idea. Also integral 10 a
holistic perspective is the understanding that an and science are
not separate but are indivisible facets of a life-oriented culture.
This understanding would ~1e a much-needed ~1al . .
responsibility for everyone m all areas of human producuvny
What exactly is Planet An? It is about reclaiming our
concept of an to encompass all forms of exchange with our
world. An is the language our species has used to communicate
with the universe for thousands of years. Primitive an focussed
on the intimate relationship of a tribe to it~ particular homeplace
and all of its inhabitants. Now our homeplace has become the
entire planet and beyond...aod our an has begun to rcllect this
reality.
Planetary an is a conscious awareness of the whole Life
community in which we participate and a strong intent to
.
hannonize with it. lt is vital to our species' survival that we shift
to this more active engagement and interplay with the universe. Jn
this way. the many facets of our reality become intimately woven
toget.hcr...our own interior world, our human cultural
communiry, our planetary life community and the rest of the
universe.
How does the Harmonic Convergencu fit in with all this?
Broadly speaking. the purpose of the Converge.nee wa.s 10
reactivate our ay, an:ness of the earth as a consc1ou~ b<:ang and to
pro-.idc a time to rcatlirm our choice to co-create with her. Those
who consciously made that cho1ce at that umc are the people
Arguelles is now calling the "Eanh Force".
By next year, Arguelles feels that this Earth Force will
begin to manifest itself as a global and cultural phenomenon. He
also feels that all need 10 move in a much more direct, mobilized
way. By the second anniversary of Hannonic Convergence, he
sees the opponunity for a Rainbow Peace Event. That would
signal that the Campaign for the Earth has coalesced and bonded
enough in the underground to begin 10 manifest as an alternative
force of allied, planetary, non-government organizations moving
in concen to take measures int0 our own hands.
When I think of "art camps" and the "alternative force of
allied, planetary, non-government organizations", the bioregional
movement comes to my mind. We are a ready-made resource of
diverse people who are awan: of the Earth's aliveness and are
choosing to assist with her healing process. Karuah is a very
supportive communuy for Planet An, and a strong network is
already fom1ing. Here are some examples of Planet An going on
inKatuah...
Heart Dance
Pat Sharkey, who lives in Floyd, Virginia, makes beauoful
jewelry from crystals and stones. One lhing she has learned from
working with crystals is that our own bodies operate in a similar
way ... that is, they can be programmed, and they amplify
energy. These conceptS have inspired her to create ways for an
and science to become pans of a whole... through sacred dance.
"Dance is like a gridwork, a system of conduction," she
iold me. "By encompassing tones, using our bodies as
conductors by arranging them in specific geometric
configurations, employing corresponding herbs and stones, and
consciously utilizing the energy gridwork of Icy lines on the
planet, we can attune oarselves to move any specific energy
through, and use it for healing."
This kind of work could be done at key sites alJ over the
eanh ...those places that amplify energy as well as those in need
of healing. She Stressed the impon.nncc of a disciplined
preparation of daily meditation for at least a month before coming
together to do sacred dance.
"The more preparation, the clearer the channel, the more
juice we all reccive...the more we personally understand
-something, the more authentically we can put it out to others."
One way that planetary art is manifesting is through
networking. Jose Arguelles, one of the key figures in the 1987
Harmonic Convergence, helped to found The Planet An Network
in 1983. According to Arguelles. it is far too late for anything
else save for artists, from all medias, 10 converge and produce
inter-media performance rituals and other forms of planet art.
He feels that these performance rituals should be simulcast
via satellite to as many cities as possible to raise the
consciousness of humanity. He sees this as a higher purpose of
our extensive system of mass communication. When we are able
10 liberate this media system from the forces of fear and
domiruuion we will have an incredible tool for dispersing
immediate visions of peace.
Astrologer Amero Alli envisions "the emergence of
multiple 'art camps' ...clusters of resonant core groups dedicated
to varied forms of planet an." Again.. the indicauon is that this
an js a grassroots, collective phenomenon.
Some of the elements for such activities could be music,
dnnce, comedy, drama and sign language, combined with visual
an. lighting, costumes. holograms. crystals and audience
participation. There is no limit lO the possibilities!
Drawing by Sbe.IJ Lodge
The example she gave is for a Hean Dance, in which men
and women would come together nnd fonn into a Star of David
...men forming one triangle, women the other. Rose quru:ii;
would be in the center. Pora month beforehand each pamcipant
would have spent time meditating daily on healing between men
and women. They would then come together in meditation and
symbolic movemenrs. and allow their energies to interact for the
purpose of healing. The same concept can be used with any
symbol, for any healing purpose, anywhere on the planet.
Groups could begin travelling 10 other countries f~ the expres.s
purpose of performing sacred dance there to amplify the energies
of hannony and healing.
"This is a way we can utilize all the systems we've learned
- astrology, numerology, the tarot...and combine them in
perfonnance through our bodies. High technology has become
so overspecialized that no one can see the whole anymo.rc. By
using our bodies as holographic componenis we are going back
to lhe source of all recbnology...our inner beings."
Pat is interested in organizing an Earth Dance gathering,
and in exchanging inspiration and info with others interesled in
this idea. Her address is P.O. Box 606, Aoyd, Virginia, Kaulah
Province 2409 l.
SprLf19, 1989
�Orandmottu
A planetary art exhibit ...
The popular Gmndmothc:r band in Asheville, North
Carolina is a group tha1 is already doing visionary planet an. The
group is composed of four women who each play several
different insD"Uments and sing h:innonics 1ogelhl'r. They arc a
visual, muhi-me<lia band. incorporating inro !heir performances
creative movement, sign language. masks, costumes. acting and
comedy. Their inclusive approach 10 music provides an
enthusiastic vision of peace. leaving nudiences with a tremendous
feeling of satisfaction. l talked with Deb Criss. one of 1he
founding members of Grandmother, on her thoughts about Pl:lnet
The People of Lhc One Song
UV!NG ART F!Xll/B!T
An.
Her inspiration for Grund mother crunc to her when she
was visiting lhe pyramid sites at Palenque. Mellico. She sa1 for
long periods of time in the part of the complex that had been the
Mayan's theatre. There :;he had visions of "blending ri1ual art
into a music concert with respect to 1he four elemems and a ~ensc
of oneness with 1he eanh, using costumes and masks. and
finding ways io reach ou1 and dec~se 1he distance be1wecn
audience and performers.''
''The original vision l had was for an intentional way of
doing a show, beginning by smudging the area, a group prayer
and quie1 rime of positive thought We could then play with
1oncs, color, and lights, blended with modem-day music 10
induce frequencies tha1 unify heart, will, and higher mind.
People of1en become uncomfonable when things are quiet,
sacred, and serious for 100 long, so comedy is also an important
part of our shows."
Grandmother is very community orienled ... at one of their
shows !his past fall four women joined 1he show for theatre and
signing. One of them was an 89-year·old woman from
Waynesville, the "honored Grandmother" of the evening. "I feel
1hat i1's important 10 in1cgra1e all ages, so that we all have a fuller
understanding of the circle of life," said Criss.
Their group is a dynamic process of consensus, and
chooses to be open to additional aclS (with prior pl!lnning) being
part of the show. "Grandmother is the ancient spiri1 of the winds
Lhrough lime that speak through the earth to all people ... if
s..meone feels that inner voice speaking through them. it is good
10 claim it and find a way to express ii. We hope 1hat
Grandmother is a catalystic agent to inspire others 10 do this."
For more information about Grandmother, call Deb Criss
at (704) 253-4831.
Contact Improvisation
Also going on in Asheville is the quie1 revolution of
Contact Improvisation, a newly arising dance form. Its emphasis
is on releasing individual and group creativity through
spontaneous movement rather than following a specific 1echnique
or choreography.
More than traditional dance forms, Contact relies heavily
on suppon and cooperation among the dancers. II strengthens
both the "I" and the "we" because the movements come from
one's own center as well as being shaped by one's interactions
with the other dancers. It's a way for 1 physical body to learn
he
trust. •. in a literal fashion, through physical imerac1ion. rn
Contact, there are no wrong steps or movemcn1s---1here is only
more or less fiowing, depending on how relaxed, trusting, and
sensitive the dancers allow themselves 10 be.
Contact is also p:utidpatory rather th:m perfoml!lnccorlented. fl is primarily an expenence for the d:lncel'li instead of
for an audience. The movemenlS spring from deep v. ithin and nre
a continual source of surprise, even 10 1he dancers This makes 11
nlJ the more dynamic to Y.itness. Audience and dancers are
brought together llS both expcnence in different ways the
everchanging now of movement coming from spiri1 into form.
Leigh Hollowell and Christina Morrison are co-1e.'lching
the first Conmct Dance class in Asheville. Chrisuna had auendcd
a Dance New E11gland Conmc1 ln1ensivc la.~1 summer and
rerurned home excited 10 share this fonn with others. She
immediately began teaching friends in Celo and talking with
Marnie Muller abou1 the possibility of a regional Dance Kn11"1Ji.
Spring, 1989
(continued on pago 29)
Who are the People of the One Song?
They are ILf a1ul nwre ...They are inspiratian ...
/>a.rt 14ah.ng into furure ..Funue leaking into
past. We invite rlrem into prese111 being ro help
us remember rite word.f to The One Song Singing
in rite liearrs and mitids ofall Earth's People.
Tile People of rlie One Song is an art exhibit centering
on the clay pottery faces and masks by artisl/poner Jane
Avery-Grubel. The faces, strikingly adorned with
beadwork, .shells, and feathers by artiM Jeri Dewey,
represent a culture of people dr:Jwn from archetypal memory
of natural tribal living. and from the vision of a futuri.~1ic
tribe we may become.
Out of lhe faces have come stories, written by local
poet Colleen Redv.onun, tha1 1ell of the uibe's dreams,
ri1uals. roles. and relationships. The exhibit will also fua1ure
many local crafts people's works such as baskets, jewelry.
clothing, musical insuurnents, pottery and herbs that v.ill
repre~ent the tribe's anifacts of everyday living and
celebration.
The People ofThe One &mg is a \ision of a tribe
leading resourceful, crea1ive, peaceful lives in relationship
with the Earth and each other. The concept is an expression
of 1ime transcending--a merging of pa~r. pn:o;en1, and future
10 cn:ati: a cuhure of our wildcs1 d~a~...one that may have
been...could be.
The artists involved sec Thr People nf'The o~ Snr.g
as a modcl....''Through art we can nffirm a fuum: that i~ noc
so dependent on modem 1echnology. Most c~cry1h1og
cxhib11ed can be made, grown, or found m na1ure 111e
show is a ·work in progress that we are continually crra1ing
and recreaung, jus1 as we create our every day rc;tli1y. It's
like opening our minds and doing an archeolog1cal dig into
1hc: future."
Open through April 1989 at Old Church Glllery. M:un
Street. Floyd, Virginia, Katuah Province 24091. For more
infonnation or to schedule additional gallery engngcments: _-~
(703) 7-i5-4849 or 745·3316
~
e
•
"-I
...
>Can.ah Jourrnal pCMJe 1
�THE GREEN CITY AS THRIVING CITY
Implications For local Economic Development
by David Morris
This April, David Morris ofthe I nstiture for Local Self-Reliance will
be the key1Wte speaker for the WNC Environmental Summit '89.
Here is an article from the conriner110/ bioregionat publication Raise
the Stakes that highlighis some ofhis thoughrs.
In discussing the greening of ciLies. one is reminded of Lhe
slogan Lhat the French s1udents used in 1968. On their posters they
said "all that we want to change is every1hing," which comes from
that famous ecological dictum, "everything is connected to everything
else." When we pull a thread, we may in fact unwind a sweater.
The 1wo fundamental assumptions underlying the way we've
designed our communities nre the assumptions of cheap energy and
cheap disposal cosis. Jn constant dollars, a barrel of oil that cost five
dollars in 1910 cost a little over a dollar in 1965. The cost of
lhrowing away a ton of garbage remained preuy much the same from
1900 to 1960. We could lherefore ignore lite operating inefficiencies
and wastes of the systems that we developed.
Cities reflect that inefficiency and waste. Our cities are
dependent creatures. A city of 100,000 people impons 200 tons of
food, I 000 tons of fuel and 62,000 ions of water a day, and dumps
100,000 tons of garbage and 40,000 tons of human waste a ye:ir.
We've accepLed long disaibution systems as the price we pay for
progress and development. Jndeed, we've elevated separation to
Lhe status of vinue and internalized those principles into our way of
thinking about our local economies.
J was recently reminded of how much we take 1ha1 state of
affairs for granted when Twas in a SL Paul, Minnesota res1auran1.
After finishing lunch. 1 got a toothpick, and of course all toothpicks
now have an obligatory plastic wrapper. The word Japan was primed
on the wrapper. Now, I thought to myself, Japan has no wood, bur
it has been considered economical 10 take pieces of wood and send
them LO Japan, wrap them in plastic and send lhe whole thing back: 10
Minnesota. Thal toothpick embodied 50,000 miles within it. Well,
not to be outdone, Minnesota just set up a fac1ory. Ir's producing
chopsticks and it's sending them to Tokyo.
This brings to mind an image of two sh1ps passing each other
in lhc Pacific, one carrying lildc pieces of wood from Japan to the
United States, and the other carrying linle pieces of wood from the
United Slates to Japan. That is economical only if one acceplS the
twin assump1ions noted at the outset - those pillars upon which our
economic system has been established.
This impon-expon paradigm is the way our economy runs. It
is also the way our waste economy runs. Washington, D.C., for
instance, was becoming overwhelmed by its. hum:in wastes, and paid
a consulWlt $150,000 to come up with a solution. He suggested they
barge them to Haiti. That recommendation was approved by D.C.,
but Haiti vetoed lhe idea. Haiti decided though they'd been offered
the wastes of the c:apiLal of the Frtt World, they preferred nOL to be
shat upon.
The integrated planetary economy was supposed to make us
more secure, but has it? Global trade expands and so do planetary
tensions. For example, developing counaies arc now exporting more
and more food to the developed counaics to eam the hard currency
necessary to repay debts that they incurred primarily to build up their
expon indusaies. lndusaial development and utilizacion both have
increased. The developed counaies are in an inlCTesting protecrionis1
free trade dance, a pas de deux of late planelruy economics. in which
each country tries desperately to preserve ac lease some amount of ils
sovereignty and its productive assets. at the same rime trying not to
interfere with free trade and the mobility of resources.
Capilal has become the lubricant for the planetary economy, the
grease that lets the planetary machine functioo. We fervently believe
lhat capital should flow at least as freely as raw maLerinls and
products. Last year 20 times more currency was iraded than was
needed to underwrite world trade.
We are more reluctant to embrace the unimpeded rnobili1y of
the third factor of production: labor. But we're inching up to it Six
months ago the Council of Economic Advisors recommended
abolishing all barriers LO migration in order t0 improve the economy.
JC.cu .(ui.h ) o"rnal. p~ 8
We've lost sight of the underpinning of a society - lhe sense of
community. Mobility is not synonymous with progress. Weve
ignored Benjamin Franklin's advice: those who would trade
independence for security usually wind up with neither. We have
made tha1 crade and in the process have become an increasingly
dependent and insecure people.
But now the rules have changed. Cheap energy and cheap
disposal are no longer available. Despite the recent drop in oil prices,
lhe cos1 of energy has risen more than 1000 percent in the last 15
years. Disposal costs have risen even more dramatically. In 1975 it
typically cost about three to five dollars to dispose of a ton of
garbage. Today in the U.S. it costs between $30 and $50 to dispose
of that ton of garbage. In 1970, to dispose of a barrel of hazardous
waste cost berween $5 and $10 a barrel •• although most companies
just spilled ii on the side of the road. Today, to dispose of hazardous
waste costs abou1 $300 a barrel, and for many companies the
disposed hazardous wasce now has a legal liability attached to it that is
po~ntiallyenormous.
What's imponant to note about these price changes is that they
have changed not because or the real world exhaustion of supply, but
because of a change in political a1tirude. The rising price of oil did
not occur because oil began running out, but because OPEC
artificially limired the supply. The cost of W3SlC disposal did not rise
because we suddenly ran out of dump space but because
communities, by establishing new disposal rules, anificially limited
the supply. We consciously and willfully changed the cost of doing
things the traditional way.
One of lhe enduring legacies of the environmental movement is
that it bas managed to begin to move the price of doing things to the
cost of doing things. The price is what an individual pays; the cost is
what the community pays.
Let me give you a specific example of price versus cost Rock
salt is used 10 de-ice roadways. lls price is very cheap: one to rwo
centS a pound. There is at least one alternative to rock salt, made out
of plant mau~: calcium-magnesium acetate. It can be produced a1
present for abou1 20 cents a pound · 10 to 20 times more than rock
salt. That's ilS price. However, rock salt has some problems. It
corrodes the undcrbody of cars, it corrodes bridges, and ill New
York City, Coosolidnted Edison has found that it causes a great many
problems in the electrical supply system which runs through the
sewers.
Sprlf\9. 1989
�Sewer water, c1111yi11g dhsulved rock sah. can corrode
insulation and lay bare wires. A neoprene gas can be genmued and if
a spark occurs. an explosion can send manhole CO\et'S flying. By
one estimate Consolidated Edison spends S75 million to n:pa.ir
damage caused by rock sah. Thu's part of the cost of roclc salt.
Another cost is polluted groundwater and the devastation of
vcgetntion. New York S!Atc has made an informal esumate that the
acruaJ, internalized cost of rocl salt is 80 ccnlS a pound. Which
de-icer should you buy?
The individual is unt1warc: of this cost. It is the n:sponsibility
of the community 10 make price and cost similar.
Even though the rules have changed, we haven't yet adopl.Cd a
new paradigm, a new way of organiting our knowledge and our
information. One of the principles of that new paradigm should be to
extract the mnximum amounl of useful work ecologically possible
from the local resource base. Thar sounds like a very modest
proposal, but it has profound repercussions. As we begin to obtain
more and more u~ful work, we (ind thnt we've begun to be more
and more self-reliant and self-conlll.incd.
ls self-reliance economical? Whnt do we mean by eoooornics?
Whnt do we value in our economic system? Those who praise the
global economy and trade as the underpinnings of our economic
henlth invariably point to the benefits of comparnrive advantage and
just 11s invariably point to the example of bananas. Surely local
self-reliance docs not mean raising our own bananas in the United
States when the clirruue 1s so much more favorable in Guatemala.
Il may be cheaper to impon those bananas. once again,
depending on what the price is versus the cost. Bananas that come
from Central America cooie from countries that do not pennit unions.
arc produced by companies that do not pay any iaxcs, and are grown
by production methods that have no environmenta: regulations. I
submit that if you ca.lcuhued the number of dollars that have been
spent by the Unil.Cd Sratcs in military intervention in Central America,
and dh'ided by the number of bananas that 11.rC imponed into the
United States, you would find that it's very costly co tmpon bananas
rather 1h:ln 10 grow them you~lr.
When we look at c<:onornic signals, we need ro look at them in
a holistic sense. first, we arc leamio&, as our s)",\tems get ever
larger, tlw the downi.hle rhks get com:spondingly gru.icr. Twenty
years ago when we wked about a cau1strophe, it meant a flood or an
earthquake. Today when we talk about a catastrophe we mean the
end of the ozone layer. the end of the human species. Local
self-reliance also has a downside risk: you could try '>Omething and it
might not work. but the risk Is modest.
Second, locnl self-reliance leads to a diversity of
cxpcnmenmion. As communities experiment with differcn1
technologies, we advance on the learning curve. Third, local
sclf-reliBnCe by definition reduces pollution by improving efficiency.
Fourth, local sclr-rcllancc Is economical because It recycles money
internally for more productive purposes that would otherwise have to
be spent on maintaining the system. A crude estimate that r made
recently :;uggcstcd that 15 years ago the United States was spending
between one and three percent of its overall income for system
maintenance and cleanup. Today we're spending almost 15 percent
of our income fOI' that purpo~.
And finally. an advan1.1gc of local self-rcli.tncc is that we begin
10 channel our ingenuity into developing new bodies of knowledge
that may be appropriate 10 a world that is in a vef} dlITcn:nt cond1tioo.
The technologies that we're developing 1n North America, for
example, art technologies appropnatc to ruuions that arc resource· rich
and pcople·poof. But ISO percent of the world's popufauon li\lcs in
countries that 31C rc~·poor nnd peoplc·nch.
ff you try 10 make the United State~ !>Clf-~ufficicnt or
sdf·reli:mt, the technologies you develop tO do so will be neither
appropnaic nor comp:inble wnh the needs of dc\•eloping nat.tons.. Bui
if you move towazd m:tking our tknsely populated and rcsou~-short
cities sclf·rcliant the i«hnologicsdcvc:lopcd \I.Ill be appropnate to a
resource-poor 1.1.orld. The kno1.1. lcdge generated can become a fll!ljor
export commodity.
But the pnmary benefit or local sclf·rcliancc J~ not economic;
it's psychological and ~oc1nl. II improves decision nuldng because
the costs or the decision fall on the smne community. We do not
separate the productive process over long.dhtllllC~ Psycho.logicall)'.
we improve the setf-<XX1fidencc 11nd socunty of our commuruues. We
begin to miniaturize the economy. h means achieving v.hat Fritz
Schumacher, one of the great cconomim of our time, dreamt of:
local productton tor local markets from local rcsourct$.
SprU\9• 1989
ls that theory or is that pr3Cticc? ..yeu: it rums out that in ~c
scrap metaJ industry, the scale of producuon IS much smal~ than 111
the raw matcrittls industry. The best ex.ample J know of is 1he steel
industry, where the newest technology is called the mini-mill. They
used to be called neighborhood mills. but the industry decided t.h:u
that would rais.c the image or Mao 1.e-<long's backyard fumaus. aod
they didn't feel this was good advertising.
Miru-mills use 100 percen1 scrap, and arc very sm:all- 200.000
tons a year average produc1ioo. A raw ore-based, vcnically
integrated steel mill produces between two and three million ions a
year. The healthiest. fastest-growing pan of the steel indu~try is
based on scnp that comes from regional matb:ts and products often
sold regionally.
Another example 1~ the chemurgy movement, created SO yean
ago by scienlisti-. from around the world concerned with using the
then-large agriculrural surpluses lb mdustrial products. In 1932. the
ltalian ambass3dor 10 Oreat Bnlllin arrived at the coun of St James
dressed in a sun made or milk. That is, Italian scientists had
discovered how to weave the casein in milk into clolhes.
Tn 1941, Henry Ford, a devotee of the chemurgy movement,
unveiled his biological car. The car body was made or soybeans. lhe
fuel came from com, and the wheels were made of goldenrod. The
soybean plastic body weighed hlllf as much as a steel-bodied car, so
the car was more fuel·eflic1cnt. lf you dented it modestly, the dentS
could be knocked back out. The C11r was wanner in the winter and
(COISinuoj ... pq• lO)
Green C ily
11
How-To 11 Mnnual---Just Published!
"Cities need to be<ome more 'green'. They must be
transformed illtu places that are life-enhancing an<l
regenerarfre." • PelCr Berg
<:rr~a Ci11 as a "how-to• m~nual (Of mdlv1<tUllts and O(JJ.n11AllOns
antcmo1ed an a :iuswnablc future. tis intnl3C i.s &hat urban att.aS Cllll Cl.isl
lunnonlou\I)" with na111nll 1ysu:im • :md 111nctudca bolb practical mid visL;xury
:aw1tcut1on1 lh11I •re uppllc•btt 1;; ny ci17 or 1ino11. lbcte ts also 1
~ 1ts11ng of volllllUlet o.:uv11a with i:lc:a. llbout gctllftS: wried and womns
0
IO'll<-.ds D £n'C1)" fuwrc.
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• SOC'tAU.Y RF.SPONSIBLE SMALL BUSINESSES ANO COOP'ERATIVE.S
'Tbe CrttD C117 Proi:nam 11 1V111bblc d1tcc1ty from Pbru:l Drum
Foundation for S7 f'CISIP.1ld Mcmben ol lbc Foundation =eh-cu free aloag
with lbc hl·annu.:11 ne11;1p;pcr lfluu tM Suills llld Olhcr public:atiol\1 for ~i:
yearly membership rec Sl5. Thta llddtc.ss Is PIAnet Drum FoundaUon, Boit
31251, Son 1'111nt11COCA 9413t
�POPLAR APPEAL
written and illustrated by Doug Elliott
W hen I tell northerners Lhat 1 built my house almost
entirely of poplar, including the framing, rafters, interior
panelling, and exterior siding, they seem confused. When I go on
to say that there arc a 101 of old log cabins in 1hc Carolina
mountains built from large poplar logs. they look a1 me like I'm
crazy.
I'm finally learning that to a nonhcmer, the word "poplar"
refers to the aspens and other related trees whose wood is light,
soft. and vinually useless for house construction. After a bit
more discussion, we finally ge1 our terminology straightened out,
and I get the response, " Oh, you mean 'tulip tree'".
Yes, this magnificent tree has many names and even more
uses. It is not a crue poplar, but was so named because iis leaves
are attatched to its branches by long petioles (or leaf stems) that
allow the leaves to move m the breeze in a manner not unlike that
of a quaking aspen.
The tulip poplar is actually in the Magnolia family . ' l ts
scientific name, Liriodendron tulipifera, translates roughly to
m~ "tulip-bearing lily tree". This is a fitting name for the ttee
because itS flowers look like a combination of a tulip and a lily.
They are a light greenish yellow and each of the six petals has a
blaze of orange at its base.
OUJ ofa giant tulip tree
A grem gay blossumfalls on me;
Old gold andfire iu petals are.
Ir flashes like a/al/Ing swr.
- Maurice Thomas
A large tulip poplar lit up wilh hundreds of these large,
cup-like blooms in spring is a magnificent sight indeed.
The tulip poplar is the king of the magnolia family. 11 is
considered to be the tallest hardwood tree in North America. In
the old forests of the southern Appalachians il has been known to
attain a height of 200 feet with a straight ttUok 1en feet in diameter
and clear of branches for eighty to one hundred feet .
The largest tulip poplar on record is the "Reems Creek
Poplar" in Buncombe County. It was I98 feet 1all with a ttunk IO
fcec I I inches in diameter four feet above the ground. When it
was burned in April.1935, it was believed to be the largest tulip
poplar in the world, possibly over a thousand years old.
"But despite the splendor of its dimensions. there is
oothing overwhelming about the Tuliptree, bm rather
something joyous in ilS springing straightness, in the
candle-liU blaze of its sunlit flowers, in the fresh green ofus
leaves, which being more or less pendulous 011 long slender
sralks, are forever IW'ning and rusrling in the slighres1 breeze;
this gives the tree an air ofliveliness, lightening iJS grandeur.
So even a very ancieltl tUlip tree has no look of tld abou1 It,
for not only does it make a swift growth in youth, but in
maturity it maintains itself marvelously free of<kcay.
This look of vitality comes partly from the vivid paleue
from which tire Tullptree is colored. The flowers which give
it 1/Us name are yellow or orange a t base, a liglu greenish
shade above. Almost as brilliant are the leaves when they
first appear, a glossy, sunshiny pale green: they deepen in
tint in summer, and in awwnn tum a rich, re1oicing gold.
Even in winter the tree is still flOt UJllldorned.for the .•.cone
remal'ns, candel/Jbrum f as/Uon, erect on r/le bare twig
...(1111Iil) all the seeds have.fallei1."
- DoNJld Culross P~
Each of the seed cones 10 which Pcauic refers can produce
l 00 or more seeds. Each seed is located a1 the end of a
blade-shaped wing, called a samara, which keeps it airborne. On
windy days 1hcse seeds whirl like tiny helicopters and are
dispersed over great distances. Because they are released
gradually all through the winter, the seeds arc important to
wildlife. They are ca1cn by many kinds of birds as well as by
squirrels, chipmunks. and other small rodenlS.
On a bright snowy day rwo friends cross-countty skiing in
the Pisgah National Forest were surprised to see a white-footed
mouse scampering all over I.he snow, so busy collecting and
devouring freshly shed tulip poplar seeds that ir seeme~
eomple1cl y unaware of their presence.
Old Uses
Indians had many uses for the rulip poplar. Us.ing fire and
stone tools, they carved dugout canoes out of large straight
sections of the ttunks and taught pioneer se1tlers the an. One of
the first accountS of this was in 1590 in Thomas Harriot's brief
and true report of the new-found land of Virginia:
" ... rite irrhabitams that were neere 10 us doe comrtlQnly
make tlleir boars or Canoes of the fomi oftrowes (troughs), only
with the helpe of fire , ltarcl~IS of stoMS and shels; we have
known soml! being so great ...tluu they have carried well XX men
at once besides much baggage· 1/ie timber being greor, ta/,
streight, soft, lig/11, & yes tough ...".
Captain John Smith in 1612 reported canoes large enough
to hold 40 men.
Daniel Boone made such a canoe 60 feet long, capable of
carrying five tons. Into it he loaded his family and all their
possessions and in 1799 they floated from Kentucky down the
Ohio River and on into what was then Spanish territory. The tree
is still known as "canoewood" in some areas.
Poplar blossom time is very important to beekeepers. The
poplar is one of the most dependable sources of nectar in the
Southeast The yield of nectar per bloom is possibly the highest
of any plant on the continent and has been calculated at an
average of 1.64 grams - or about one third of a teaspoon - per
flower.
During a favorable season, poplar nectar is secreted so
abundantly that honey bees and other insects cannot carry i1 away
as faSt as it appears. Sometimes one can feel the nectar dripping
down like a gentle sticky rain when sranding under a blooming
wlip tree in a light breeze. (People who park their shiny new cars
under tulip trees often complain about this.)
Because the poplar blooms early in the season, many
honeybee colonies are not strong enough 10 fully utilize the
abundance. For StrOng hives, however, harvesLS of 100 pounds
of hooey per hive have been recorded during just the three week
poplar bloom. The honey is dark in color and is sometimes called
Spf'tn9. 1989
�"black poplar honey". When held up to the light, however, it can
be seen tha1 it is actually a deep amber-red in color. Though it is
not as light as locust honey nor as sought-after as sourwood
honey, it has a rlch full-bodied flavor that can sweeten fruit
salads, yogurt, tea, and other beverages. Poplar honey goes well
on pancakes, waffles, cereal, biscuits, cornbread, and other
baked goods. Rarely a day goes by that I don'1 eat some.
If you want the ultimate tulip-poplar-tasting experience, sip
the nectar straight from the flower like the bees do. You need to
find a freshly opened blossom within reach. Pick or lower the
blossom carefully without josrling it. Then lick. the drople1s on
the inside of the petals, and taSte tha1 ambrosial Sometimes the
nectar collects in a puddle on one of the lower sepals. If the air
has been warm and dry, the nectar will often be thick like syrup.
After one taste, you will know you have imbibed the nectar of the
gods!
In European gardens the tulip poplar is one of the favorite
"exotic" American ornamental shade trees, and it has been so for
mOTC than 300 years. In fact, the tulip poplar was first described
botanically in 1687 from a specimen that had been brought from
the New World and was growing in an English garden.
In the early part of the 18th century John Lawson,
Surveyor-General of North Ol.rolina, reponcd a hollow tulip
poplar "wherein a lusty Man had his Bed and Household
Furniture, and lived in it till his labor got him a more fashionable
MMsion." Of course the senler's "more fashionable mansion"
would probably have been no more than a log cabin made of tulip
poplar logs. There is many an old tulip poplar log cabin still
standing today and new ones arc still being built
Using Poplar Lumber
The first significant cutting of poplars in the new world
was by settlers who were clearing ground for farming. They
knew that where the tulip poplars grew, the soil was the richest.
Today this still tends to be true. Ginseng hunters look for stands
of tulip poplars when SC'Jnning distant mountainsides in search of
the moist soil that characterizes good ginseng habitat
lt was not until two decades after the Civil War, when the
r:>ilroads began 10 penetrate the rugged mountainous areas of the
Southern Appalachians, that the huge poplars and other southern
hardwoods were harvested. In those days only trees over 30
inches in diameter, each yielding more than 400 board feet in
lumber, were accepl.ed at the mills.
In some areas tulip poplar grows in almost pure stands. In
1912, a tract of land near Looking Glass Rock in Transylvania
County yielded 40,000 board feet of tulip poplar lumber per acre.
Nowadays loggers are pleased IO get 10,000 board feet per acre.
Foresters call tulip poplar a hardwood because it is a
broad-leafed tree, like oaks and maples. Pinc, fir and other
conifers arc called softwoods. The wood of tulip poplar
however, is as soft and workable as white pine. Because the
extensive heanwood is a yellowish tan in color, it is known as
"yellow poplar" in the lumber business. The sapwood is creamy
white and has been used as interior panelling. When used in this
capacity, i1 has been called "whirewood". Because of its lighmess
and strength. ii is used for boxes and crates. Yokes for oxen
were often made from tulip poplar, because it was so easily
carved. lt was one of the favorite materials for building aircraft in
the days when airplane bodies were built of wood. Poplar wood
has the ability to return to its normal shape after being
compressed under great pressure. This property accounts for the
wood's popularity for building barrel bungs.
Poplar lumber is used extensively in the furniture-making
industry. Its porosity and ability to take glue makes it an ideal
core upon which to glue fine wood veneers, and, because it
talces a polish beuer than any orher native wood. poplar wood is
itself often used as a veneer.
Kiln-dried yellow poplar wood makes a good framing
lumber for house construction. It is moderately lightweight, yet
stronger than spruce, fit; or white pine. Unlike the whole poplar
logs used in cabin construction. milled, dry poplar lumber has
little tendency to split when nailed. The Nonh Carolina Building
Code accepts graded poplar lumber as a framing material.
However, it has been infrequently used in recent years because of
the.abundance of low cost softwood timber, such as Douglas fir
and spruce, shipped in from the western Sl4tes. As the supply of
western softwoods decreases. tulip poplar may come back into
more common use.
Dead and Rotting Wood
Tulip poplar is also valuable when dead and rotting. The
stumps decay quickly and provide an ideal habitat for various
wood boring beetles. These beetles and their larva are one of the
favorite foods of the majestic pilca1ed woodpecker (often called
"wood hen" by mounroin folks). The pileated woodpecker is so
named because of its brilliant red crest. It 1s our largest
woodpecker. almost as big as a crow. These and other
woodpeckers regularly visit decaying tulip poplar. and some
people purposely cut poplar slumps high or use the Jogs in
gn:rden beds near the house in order to artmct them.
Dead tulip poplar is also the favorite growing medium for
cenain fungi. most notably the delec1nble oyster mushroom
(Pleurorus osrrearus). Oys1er mushrooms arc one of my favorite
'Aild mushrooms. l learned to identify them by Clll'Cfully studying
them in mushroom field guides. They arc f.urly easy 10
recognilC, hence they are one of the safest of the edible wild
mushrooms. They grow in cluster:., usually out of the sides of
logs or stumps. They vary from a creamy. "oyster" whi1e to 1.1n
or gray in color and arc distincbve because the gills run down the
entire length of the stem. They arc delicious in soups. on p;ista.
and can be saut6ed and gently stewed lO make an elegant side
dish. Once l had oyster mushrooms fried in fritter batter, and
(conunucc1cmJllil&e30)
they actually tasted like oyster mttcn..
~'°"""
J--'
9"'JS t t
�The bark of the poplar tree can be remo1Jed in the spring
and early swnmer and has been used in many ways. Large sheers
of Ir were used by the Indians as CO\'trings for wigwams,
wickiups, lodges, and orher living quarrers. In the Nonfl
Carolina mountain.s, poplar bark has bun used as siding on
frame houses. When I first disco11ered it on some homes near
Burns11ilfe in Yancey County, I was suuclc by ir.s rustic, }'et
eleganJ beaury.
As I was building my own house at the time, I wonted to
/ind ow how poplar bark siding wa.f made and how long it wollld
last. Wizen l asked around, however, it seemed tlw.t most of the
builders of these hauses Jw.d long since passed on, but t~y had
left a legacy ofpoplar bark. siding thol was sdll holding up well
qfter 70 or more years.
1 finally found one older man who was a poplar bark
crafts11w..n, and he tk.scribed tlie process UJ me. In early swnrner
when the "sap's running", large sheers of the bark are removed
from mediwn-sized trees. The bark is carefully pried off tlie trunk
with a to0I know11 as a "tan bark spud". This tool hark.ens back to
the days w}ien the collecting ofoak, chestnut and hemlock bark
was o pan ofevery timber cutting operation. The bark was sold
to tanneries as a source of tannic acid. A spud could be
Improvised mu of a stout curved stick with a chisel-like edge
carved on one end. Those made by blacksmiths look somewhat
like a small-lieaded spade.
After 1/ie bark is remo11ed, it is cut illro large rectangular
sheets, taken ro a barn or other dry p/act and "stacked and
stickered" like green lumber with na"ow strips ofwood between
each sheet of bark to allow air to circulate. Rocks or other
weights pilled on rop of the stock ofbark en.sure that the sheets
stay flat and do not curl up as they dry After a month or two of
drying, rhey can be cut 10 length and nailed like slung/es onro the
building.
Armed with th8se minimal instructions. and a lift·long love
of tulip poplar, I knew I had to onempt co/leering bark 10 cover at
lea.rt part ofmy house. A friend who was building ms own lwuse
was about to CUI some poplars on his land 10 use as suppon
beams. He told me that if I'd help him cut them and haul them
down to the building site, he'd help me get the bark.
The first tree we/tiled was aboUI afoot in dianieter, and it
fell uphill. We trimmed off the upper br01iches, until we had a
length ofclear trunk abou1 30 feet long. With 1he chainsaw, we
mode one long CUI throught the bark down the entire length ofth4
l.og. Then, staningfrom the bonom, with one of us on eilkr side
of the log, wt wenr at it with the bark spuds, ourf111gers, hate/let
blades and whatever else we collld improvise to genJly pry the
bark from the log.
. .. -
TIU! nt•wly formed cambium layer benn•e11 the bark and the
sapw(l(Jd was sofr, slippery and Yer)' juics. As the: bark gave way
10 our efforts arul .tepararedjrom ti~ rrunk, it made a slurpy
hissing noise. !Ve gradll(l//')! worked our Wll) up the log . The
bark was coming ojf bc:outifully. When wc:j1r1ally reached the
11pper end oftlu: log, tire remaining section f1f the bark StpcJrated
wirh a rtsowuling hollow "pop"
We stood up and ~ere congrarularing ourselves on a job
well dmu:, when we heard a noise. lt>okinR down we sow our
newly-skinned log heading off down the hi/IT ltsfreshl)• removea
bark had created a trough t/IQJ was slick.er tlllJll any bobsled run,
and b>· rhe time that log left that piece of bark, it had picW up a
terrific amo1u11 of speed and momenlltm.
It we111 careenin,g down the mountainside, and all we co11Jd
do was watch in astonisl11T1enl as thoJ log leapt over rock ledges
and crashed through thic~ts. It fi111Jlly .rropped uh0111 fl!ry yards
down the hill when i1 collided with a srump jusr above rhe house
.tire.
We breathed a huge sigh of relief. If it had nor been
sropped by the s111mp, that .flippery bauering ram would hove
done considerable damage to rhe ho11se founda1io11. Afrer rhar, we
senved a rope to each log before we removed ilS bark.
I found ow larer rluJt mountain loggers hove a word/or a
log sliding down a nwu111ainside. TluJt log is nball·hootin'," and
it is recognued as a serious danger in logging steep f1W11n1al11
,f/opes during spring and s1unmer. As one old logger told me,
'Them poplar logs is bad/or that. Wilen the sap's up, that bark
can slip off a log you're dragging and if tha1 log gets loose and
goes a balf-Jwotin' down the mou111ain, buddy, 'hit can kill a
ma11l"
The bark of small poplar trees can be scored and folded
into carrying 11essels ofall sizes from berry baskets to backpacks.
/11dia11s daubed the seams with pine pitch and used them as W(ller
buckets.
I was first introduced to bark basketry by my mountain
neighbor and friend Paul Geouge, wlio has been mak.i11g baskets
for years. I was enchanted by the way he explained their simple
practicalily;
"So you've been out fishing all morning .following the
creek up in.lb the nwuntain.t. You're cau:hlnJl some of 1/iem nmive
speckled trour, bUJ afrer a while the srream gets too small. So you
call it quir.s and head up onto the ridge/or rhe long walk home,
There you TUii into the biggest patch of ripe huckleberries you
halle ever seen.
~You'd 1011e to take some of them berries lwme, hut you
ai11'1 go11101hing to carry 'em in. Whor collld you do?" Paul asks
wirh a twinkle in his eye. "Well, if you knew how 10 make a
berry basker, you'd just find you a young poplar rree, make you
a poplar bark basket, and tote tllUn berries home. Now they'd
taste mighry g()()d after a fish dinner! ...
Between the ower layer of the bark and the sapwood is a
layer rich in fibro11s vascular material known as bast. When
rorred under controlled condirfons it can be used to mah ropes.
twine and other cordage. Ir was high/}' valued by Native
~ricansfor rhese tiles
Poplar bark has also been 11sed medicinally as a tonic and a
remedy/or fevers, stomach ailments, dysentary, rhe1unari.sm and
gour. It is a source oftulipiferine, an allt:aloid that acrs as a heart
stimulanr.
/
2
! ff.'"
• Doug Elliou's most recent book, (that includes step-by-s1ep
instruetions on how to make a rulip poplar bark basket) is entitled
Woods/ore and Wildwood Wisdom. It can be ordered from him
at Possum Productions; R1 1, Box 388; Union Mills. NC 28167
for $10.00 post paid.
Sprl·"'J· 1989
""''
.... -
�CLEAR SKY
a drawing by James Rhea
The concept for the drawing derives from my years
growing up in the southern foothills and hearing Cherokee
follclore, and being fascinated by their lifestyle and contributions.
I have always been inspired by other culrun:s, especially so called
primitives. This picture is pan of a series of portraits of healers or
philosophical leaders, who arc inspirational to their people,
representing cultures throughout the world.
From that I envisioned a change of bean from a life of war
and bloodshed to one of service and ~ce. This choice was
indicauve of several individuals who laid the foundation for the
later culturnl flowering of the Cherokees.
Clear Sky is more of a composite of an ideal figure lhan a
definite ponrait. The Cherokee people in the late l700's were in a
state of despair and desperation because of the encroachment
upon their lands and military defeat by European scnlcis. SC\'Cral
individu:tls came to the forefront to encourage and inspire their
people. To the Cherokee. they were lcnown as beloved persons.
both men and women. They felt a need for a transition or
integration into white society, but at the same time they hoped to
retain the best of their past for cultural survival.
Clear Sky's dress is typical for the time. He wears a blue
EngltSh bro3dcloth shin and has a Spanish trade blanket around
his waisr. The necklace is wampum with a silver gorget. The
eamngs are archaic beaten copper with slit earlobes. The hair is
trimmed with a dyed egret feather ornament In his band he holds
a turkey feather (an with natural bead work. a sign of respect and
dignity.
lsk.agua CJtr Clear Sky was listed in Duane K. King's book
CMrolcee Indian Na1ion as being present and signing a document
protesting the tt'Catment of Chickamauga Cherokees by the
Americans. The petition was sent to King George m of England
aslcing his government to intervene. At the time of the signing, or
thereabouts 1789-1791, he changed his name from NeMnoataah,
or "Bloody Fellow" to lsk.agua. "Clear Sky."
Spr~nAJ.
I used several sources Ill compiling his dress, ornaments
and general demcaner. but the most informative was the JnditlJIS
of the Southeastern Un11ed States by John R. Swanton,
Smithsonian Anthropology.
James Rhta lives in an old farmhou.st in a rural pan of
Cabarras CoUllt)'. Ht is illlertsttd in organic gardening and
environmental issul!S and spends time canoeing and hiking for
inspiration and peace of mind. His artwork includes tM subfecrs
of wildlife as well as portraits. "In gentral" he says •1 favor
world peace and holistic liftstyks".
,/
1989
Xat-~ )o\UnoL ~ 15
�II
a
Early, al tine o'clodt IWO sbocb ol-an
anbqaUe Wlft felt. Tbc boule D
cuM:d mid
ew:rytbing WU ID mowmelll.
The bcns fell to the paid fJOm lheir room
ud set up a pi.tifol cry.
You cm see chat the white people mR
diffaalt bc:ings from us, we are made
or.red clay. they of white sand.
About lbe J'Cll' 1811 IOIDC of the
Cleroba cbamed ud Olha'S
RCtiwd. in various ways.
cQ11111mictricw from lhe Oral
Spirit. all lr:Dding IO discredit die
ICbane ol c:ivilization.
See 10 ll dw you get back your old
Beloved Towns.
Yoor mother is not pleased you punish
each other so ha1d.
I have told you what the Gn:ac Spirit's
will is, and you are 10 pass on iL
la on:tcr that you might know bow things
want to tell you
what happened bcrc in the Nation ju,st the other
day.
~Pl in die Wkl IDday, I
Jusr dne rughis ago I was at a Wk in
C>o&1mally. To tha1 place came~ man and two
women who to1d that while they were on 11
journey, Ibey came eo an unoccupied house near a
hill called Rocky Mountain and enlCttd it in order
to spend the night thcte.
Just as it had become dark, they heard a
violenl noise in che air.•.As !hey went outside to
sec abou1 ii they saw a whole crowd of Indians
~g on I.be hill from the sky•...
nding on small black horses...their leader
beating a drum. .•came very close.• .They were
much frightened .•.•.
"Don'1 be afraid. we arc your brothers
and have been sent by the Great Spirit
10 spcalc co you.
The Great Spirit is dissatisfied that you
arc n:ceiving the white people into your
lnnd•.•..
You sec that the hunting is gone, you
are planting lhe corn of the white
people. go and sell ii back to them and
plant Indian com and pound it in the
manner of your forefathers. do away
with the mills.
The Mother of the Nation h~ fOtY.lccn
you. •. her bones are being broken
through the grinding. She will return co
you if you put the white people out of
lhe land and return to your fonncr
manner of life.
If you don't believe my words then
look up at the sky."
They did and saw the sky open...an
indescribably beautiful light and in it four white
houses.
"Such houses you are to build in your
Beloved Towns...
for white men who can be useful to
the Nation.. . ."
I mn not Ible IO delcribe lhe creat
perplexity into which we C11D11 Jasa ...L
Our dwelling bowie was in die most violent
mDVellXIH IO lhu it seemed IO be Deir II> be
falling in.
.. .a strongviolent noise beard
from the W.N.W. _ .and stteaks of
l.ighlning.....
This morning between 7 and 81>'c1ock we
felt tw0 more shocks without the sli1thtcst noise.
...our house was r:rembling..•the roof moved.
The m:es were in movemen1 wilhout !he
slightest wind.
It is true, the white people must all go from
lhe Nation; boWevcr, 4 smiths, S()tne school
ceachers a.rid those who arc building mills
for us a.re to be toleralbd. but later. they too
must return to their own country..•..
Some of them anribuce the occurrence
co the sorcerers; some, to a large snake
which must have crawled under their house;
some to the weakness and old age of the
eanh which will soon cave in.
. •.they held a grand feast and celebrated a
great medicine dance. .• ..
. . .if they believed and obeyed, then game
would abound, the white ll1!ll1 would
disappear. . • .•
.• .instead of beef and bacon they would
have venison, and instead of chicken they
would have turkeys.
. . •we heani today from a traveler
tb:u in Taloni. •. thiny miles from here
along the road to Georgia. in a field 13 sink
holes appeared as a result of the earthquake.
the largest of \\<hich is 20fcet deep and 120
feet in circumference and is. • .full of
gn:enish water.
. . .he would like
to know whether
lhe end of 1hc world
were not near. .•• •
sprin9. 1989
�J
...many lndians believe that the white
people were responsible because they had already
taken possession of so much of the Indian land
and wruned still more.
The Great Spirit is angry...and be wanted
to put an end to it through eanhquakes.
, Soon after the eanh had tremble4 an Indian
was silting in his house in deep thought, his
children were lying sick in front of the fire.
...a tall man appe~ clothed entirely in
the foliage of ihe trees, with a wrca1b on his head.
..carrying a small child in his ami.~ and had a
larger child by the hand.
"The small child on my arm is the
s
ClJC:it Spirit.
l am not able to tell you whether the
Great Spirit will soon destroy the
earth or not.
1be Great Spirit is not pleased that
tbc lndillll$. have sold so 111uch land
to the white man.
:rugalo, wl!K:I\ is now possessed by
white people, u; the r~t place the
Great Spirit created.
There in a hill he placed the firs& fire.
for all fin: comes from the Great
Spirit.
. . .the white people have built a
house on th3t hill. They should
ab:lndon th~ place; on thru hill there
~hould be grass growing. only then
will there be ptaee.
...the Indians no longer thank the
Great Spirit before they enjoy the
fust fruits of the land. They no
longer have dances in his honor
before they eat the first fruit~.
You arc sad because you thin.le your
childn:n m ill, they are not renlly ill.
but have only taken in a. little dust.~
•.. he gave him two small piece5 of bark from a
certain tree ••• and told him to cook them and to
give the drink to his children. and from that they
became weU right then.
7
...the residents of one wwn fled into the hills and
tried to crawl into hiding in the ho!~ of lhe rocks
in order to escape the danger of I.he hail stones, the
size of half bushels. which were to full .••..
...numbers of the aibe.. .abandoned their bees.
their orchards, their slaves, and everything else
that might have come to them through the white
man, and...took up their toilsome march for the
mounwns of Carolina.
..•mills. clothes, feather beds and iables
- worse still •.. books, and domestic cats!
This was not good· theieforc the buffaloes and
other game were disappearing. The Great Spirit
was angry. and had withdrawn his protection.
The Cherokees must return to the customs
of their fathers. They must kill their cats, cut
shon their frocks, and dress as became Indians
and warriors. They must discard all the
fashions of the whites, abandon the use of any
communication with each other except by word
of mouth, and give up their mills. their houses,
and all the ans learned from the white people.
~ Oicrokecs arc at this time in a
rcmarlc.able manner - occasioned by the late
shocks of the eanh ·endeavoring to appease
the Anger of the Ore3t Spirit
They have revived thcnr religious
dances of ancient origin to appease the
Anger of the Great Spirit....with 115 much
solemnicy as ever was seen in worship In
our churches. They then repair to the water,
go in and wash. These ablutions arc
intended 10 show that their sins are washed
away and that they are cleansed from all
defilements.
These fanatics or prophelS tell them
that the Great Spirit is :ingry with them for
adopting the manners, customs, and habfo;
of the white people who, they think. are
very wicked.
Some of the females an: mutililting
fine muslin drcsses and arc told that they
must discontinue dancing n:cls and country
dances whieh have become very common
ampn~l the young people.
. . .!here is llllk
...in the space of 3 months the moon
would again become black. and thereafter
hail stones as large as hominy blocks would
fall, all cattle would die Md soon the earth
would come to an end.
A sorcerer said uncil then there would
be peace; how things would be after thnt he
did not know.
that a new earth
will come into being
in the Spring.••..
•• ,it has bc!en revealed by the Great Spirit
th:u there would be an intense darkm~ss and that it
would last three day~ - during which :lll white
people would be snatched away as well as 1111
Indians who had any clothing or household
articles of the white man's kind.•••
•.• they should put aside everything that i:.
similar to the white people and that which they had
learned from them, so that in the darkness the
Great Spirit might not mistake them and snatch
them a~ay.
... many llre doing away with
their household articles and
clothing.•.•
The above ma1trial if parr fJf a /011ger work in
progress. Jr is drawn entirelyfrom actual occounLS
uf the events ~ntitmed, a.s recorded in ltrrers and
diaries from the period, many of wlrich were
locared in rhe Mortn•ian lfrchh'es In
Winsron·Salem, North Carolina.
5
�Imagine what could happen over, say, the next five
years, if similar projects were begun in cities and
communities all around the region and beyond....
A Look at the Black Swan Center
By C.8. Squire
College students encouraging community economic
development in the community that surrounds their campus? Thai
is exactly what's happening in the Swannanoa River Valley. The
effon is being carried out by student-faculty teams from Warren
Wilson College working ou1 of the BlacJc Swan Center.
The Black Swan Center. named for Black. Mountain and
Swnnnanoa, !he two towns in !he Valley it embraces. is currently
located on the Wnrrcn Wilson campus and serves as a community
resouN:e organization for the entire area. A key ob)ective is to
explore how small colleges can "serve as catalysts in their own
backyards for community and ce-0nomic development projec ts,"
according to Black Swan directors Laura Temple Haney and Louise
Solomon.
Initially funded by grants from the Z. Smith Reynolds
Foundation and the Broyhill Family Foundation, the Center
operates with a work/study crew made up of students and faculty
advisers responsible for various individual projects of the Center.
This "work crew". made up of fifteen students majoring in
Sociology, Environmental Studies, Social Work, Political Science,
and English, meets regularly to review their various projects
centered around !he "community economic developmem" concept.
The Black Swan Center grew out of lhe Swannanoa Valley
Projcc1 (SVP), a land-use planning and economic development
study carried out in 1985 by Swannanoa Valley residents and
Warren Wilson College Staff, faculty, and students. Funded by the
Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation and TV A, the SVP found that
most project participants wanted the Valley to reverse its downward
economic trend "while remaining an essentially rural area wilh a
viable economic base." It became apparent thm what wa!"> needed
was an ongoing community resource center to serve these needs.
Thus, the Black Swan Center was born.
The vital importance of a community planning and resource
center such as this cannot be overestimated. Tf we wish to
preserve and enhance the quality of life here in Kaniah, in ways thar
nre ecologically and economically sound, we can no longer allow
the haphazard and Shon-sighted type of growth and development
that has predominated for decades. The key factor in reversing this
trend and in finding truly workable solutions is to encourage local
initiative, self-reliance, infonnalion exchange, and cooperative
effort. This can be a very powerful grassroots movement, with
far-reaching effects, but it demands susmined local commitment and
involvement. This k:ind of sustained effon can best be supported
JCQti&Qh
Journot pc:M)e
by citizens and businesspeople acting in concen with local academic
institutions. After all, should we not make the mo.st of all of our
available local resources, in order to assure the contin ued
well-being of our communities? Only in this way can we
intelligently deal with the tremendous forces of change that are
confronting us. It is now critical !hat we re-learn and re-create the
an of community - and projects such as the Black Swan Center arc
beginning 10 lay the groundwork for !his crucial renaissance. In
fact, this dynamic pilot project has already achieved tangible
results. Imagine what could happen over, say, the next five years,
if similar projects were begun in cities and communities all around
lhe region and beyond. ...
A key objective is to explore
how small colleges can "serve as
catalysts in their own backyards
for community and economic
development projects" ...
In its first year, the Black Swan Center has been focusing on
three essential components: (I ) A community economic
development class for Warren Wilson students to prepare them to
work in the Center; (2) development of a college work crew made
up of faculty and students which operates and coordin:ncs Black
Swan ruitivitics; and (3) a community-based education course for
Valley residents designed to promote new business ventures,
develop rural leadership Skills and teach community economic
development concepts. AU three components are in place, with the
community-based education course starting in March.
Organalcd by Lisa Waners, a Sociology mnJOr, the course,
"Community Development and the Economy in the Swannanoa
Valley,''. is ~imed at .~elpmg Valley residents (l) "gain the
leadership skills and ab1hoes that can make positive changes in the
lives of the people that live in the Valley; (2) explore the
Swunnanoa Valley community and its resources; (3) understand the
problems facing the local economy; (4) seek: solutions. and; (5)
determine what small businesses might succeed in the Valley."
16
Sprl.n.g, 1989
12
�As Lisa points out. this type of course was designed by the
Highlander Center in Tennessee and has been used in such
co~uniri~s. as Jellico,_Tennessee, and Dungannon, Virginia.
Unlike tradiuonaJ educauon, the course doesn't separate learning
from doing, theory from practice and education from work. "When
Y?U put 'community' in front of 'economic development'," says
Lisa, "it means ordinary citizens revitalizing their communities and
stimulating quality economic development from within rather than
waiting for the 'expens' to do it, or for outside industries 10 come
in and provide jobs." In the long run, "community economic
development doesn't only mean jobs. because ic can aJso make the
difference in peoples' environments and quality of life."
exploring options for municipal structures for the community of
Swannanoa. He is also helping to draft a legal document that can
be used as pan of an offical petition to the state to incorporate
as a township.
Christy Allred, an Environmental Studies major, and
Katherine Crum, a Social Work major, are working with TV A 10
identify fanners in the Valley who are interested in growing
specialty crops such as shiitake mushrooms and baby
watennelons. Two workshops are planned, one in May, the other
in the fall of 1989, that wiU bring Canners from Buncombe and
Madison County together 10 discuss agricultural problems and
trends facing the area and how to effectively market specialry crops.
The 10.week course will be fnciJiiated by Louise Solomon
and Laura Temple Haney, both faculty members at Warren Wilson,
and Marilyn Bass, of the YMJ Cultural Center in Asheville. In the
second part of this course, they will be joined by Tim Richnrds, of
the Small Business Technology Development Center, and Dana
Smith, of the Self-Help Credit Union, who will specifically instruct
participants on how to work with a business idea.
One of the more impn:ssive activities growing out of the
Black Swan Center is a waste management center, directed by
Melissa Gildersleeve, an lntercultural Studies major. Alrendy in
operation on the College campus, the Center includes a processing
pavilion for rccycleable items, including a baler for cardboard and
specially designed "drop-off' bins for recycling glass, cans and
newspapers. The waste management center grew out of a class
exercise in an Environmental Policy cl:iss artd has resulted m the
recycling of much of the 25,000 lbs/yr. of ttash generated by the
collegc--trllSh that had been caned to the county landfill at a cost of
up to Sl2,000/yr. Melissa bcheves that within a couple of years the
college's waste management costs will be entirely covered by
n:venucs from recycling. Her bu.~iness plan includes e~panding the
College's program by establishing five more "drop·off' collection
sues in the Swannaoa Valley, possibly as early as this spring.
While important to carrying out the aims of the Center, the
course in communicy economic development th.is spring is by no
me~ns ~h~ center's sole: agenda_. A small ~usincss development
project is in progress with the rum of "keeping more money in the
Valley" by encouraging businesses in the area to buy from each
other whenever possible, explained Brad Brock. another Sociology
major and one of the Business Development coordinators for the
Center. He added that the Black Swan Center and the Swannanoa
Valley Ch:tmbcr of Commerce have almost completed a business
directory of the Valley with one section made up of chamber
members and the other. "the green pages". listing all valley-owned
businesses.
Brad and his partner. Rebel Bailey, an Environmental
Studies 1113jor and owner of a flourishing backpack business. have
a!so been working with Nonh Carolina REAL Enterprise (Rural
&onomic Alternative Leaming, localed in Raleigh, North Carolina)
10 design a curriculum on developing student-owned enterprises for
Wam:n Wilson College. Fffty people attended a five-pan series of
workshops called "Business Basics''. Post-workshop follow-up
has resulted in consulting sessions with four entrepreneurs with a
"good strong prospect" for getting a business up and running in the
Valley. Still another project for Brad and Rebel is the Stan-up of a
breakfast club, modeled after the Briarpatch program on the west
coast, that will provide networking opponunities for local
entrepreneurs and owners of small businesses in the Valley.
Another Black Swan project, headed by Heidi Erick.son. :in
Environmental Studies and Education major, is a literacy program
with a new twist-worlting directly with the business community to
improve literacy. Heidi explains that those unable to read and write
are often reluctant to tell their employers or their lack of reading
skills. But one area employer, Charles D. Owen m, has agreed to
have a literacy project operating at his plant site, with employees
receiving half-pay for the time they spend on learning to read.
Heidi's project has already trained 12 people at Warren Wilson
College to teach such courses.
Still another project of the Center involves working with the
Alternative Energy Corporation. based 1n the Research Triangle
area, in developing a "Community Energy Campaign~ for the
Valley. This project plans to help weatherize non-profit buildings
anc,1 to audit heat loss in college and community
buildings-including the former Carver Alternative School property
in Black Mountain which the county has just acquired from the
town's Parks & Recreation DepanmenL Eventually, with this
campaign, the Center hopes to help the community save much of
the 40 miJlion dollars a year or so lhat leaks out in energy cosrs in
the Swannanoa Valley.
Dan Scbeuch, a Political Science major, has been working
with Swannanoa Valley residents and the Nonh Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Co1TUI1un1ty Development in
Sprt.nq. t989
Although all the ~tudents working at the Black Swan Center
have different 'main' projects they are working on. they all have
one thing in common. Each panicipates in one another's
programs... wch as lending the experti~e the1y have gained in
desktop publishing, to knocking on doors of local businesses. to
picking up the College'!\ waste and recycleablcs from around
campus once a week.
For the future, chc Black Swan Ccnu;r hopes 10: organize n
Swannanoa Valley community work day: perhaps relocate the
Center more into the heart of the community: encourage other small
colleges in Appalachia to explore setting up a similnr program. and,
in general. coordinate the community development projects and
courSCS and the starrup of at least one student-run entesprise.
One of the most promising aspects of this entire project is for
the Black Swan Center to serve as a working model for other
insututions in the region. They. too. may want to embark on a
similar cooperative program of community development that., in the
words of the Center's grant application, "will overcome the
'LOwn-gown' barriers that separate so many colleges from their
neighbors."
To quote Gnscom Morgan, son of Arthur Morgan who
founded the Cclo community in Yancey County. and who bjmself
for the last four decades has inspired and assisted the cause of
community through his association with Community Service. Inc.;
"We need fol,k colleges-people's colleges...not jus1 for intellect.uals
or whites, b11t to do what Highlander College (now Clllled
Highlander Center) has done for Appalachia and the South. lf we
had folk colleges 10 which the working class and rural people from
across a region could come and htive association with the
intellecruaJs--then rerum to their local communities with the strength
and conviction of their own culture--tbese different groups of the
common people could reinforce each other.•
Morgan's dream is being rcallz.ed by a group of pioneers:
so~ fifcecn students with very diverse background.<>, two faculty
advisors, and an involved community•..... You are welcome 10 visit
this dynamic center or call for more infonnation.
The Black Swan Ctn1er, 701 Warren Wilson Road, Swanrwnoa,
North Carolina 28778. (704) 299-9306
�wlld lovely days
the wild lovely days
come
with a wind tossed violence
they awaken
a tantalizing bitterness
of memory
the spring morning of lilacs
the wilting high noon
of orange poppies
the late afternoon sun
of autumn marigolds
and now
the great wheel of night
spins with dazzling circles
of blue and gold light
�dancer
the tender talents
of earth swelling
with rapture
birdsong and blue sky
fluttering encore
a thousand thousand
leaves turning
rich dark colors
awaiting
opulent carnage
exalted limbs rising
against dark skies
crucible
answer
I who hurried thru lhe years
running this way and that
sometimes strangely knowing
sometimes weeping beside the road
spent at last, alone
bereft of all I sought
you came to me
slowly without my knowing
you touched me
the stream carries me
my face is wet
I am submerged
I will not let
fear of drowning
darken the bright water
all that rs bright and clear
filters thru the translucent waves
of faith, the ineffable substance
that fills the
yearning crucible
with timeless light
endless peace
Selections from the book Wifd Lovely Days. portraits of moments In time and nature expressed in complementary words and images.
THE POET·
THE PHOTOGRAPH:R;
Ellmboth Griffin Is an artist, poet, and former lawyer residing in
Highlands. Katuah Province.
Gii Leebrick is an environmentally concerned falher, husband, mediator,
photographer, and director of the Appalachian Environmental Arts Center in
Highlands.
�.:•····;••·....................................
.,....
..
....
....
.~~·
~
~
i{ NATURAL \~.
: wORLD :
~
~
~
~
·!
i:
\. ..
:I
..
NEWS
..
..
·~.
.(
.~ ..
"!,
·:.
.:
~~~~~.·~··· · · ~·.·.·.•.•.•.·.·· · · ....~::::::!:
.!·
?·
PANTHERTOWN RESTORED!
Nllllnl World NCWJ Str-i=
In one Inst expression of disdain for
Congress and the Appalachian b1orcgion, the
Reagan administration m the la.~L days of its reign
took away money slated for the pun:hase of the
Pa.nthenown tract high in the headwaters of the
Tuckasegee River.
Through an arrangement with Duke Power
Company, which wants to run a high-voltage
power line across pan of the Panthenown area,
Congress hod appropriated $8 million to buy the
remainder of the propeny for inclusion in National
Forest Jnnds. Under a rechnicaliry the our-going
administration stole away that money. plus $47
million for other land appropriations. to pay the
costS of fighting the famous Yellowstone fire and
other fires that occurred in the summer of 1988 in
drought-soicken western states.
On March 13. 1989, however, the Office of
Management and Budget reversed the order, and
put the money back into the special Land and
Water Conservation Fund, where it is once
available for land acquisition purposes.
It is expected that the Panthcnown purchase
will be able to be completed this summer.
COLEY CREEK IS SAFE!
Systems Research Group, to review the Coley
Creelc plan. The study group pointed out that fuel
prices would have to escalate considerably lO make
the Coley Creek project economically viable.
However, cbe consultants' review found
that the most economical approach would be to
emphasize "demand-side programs." These
programs hcreate" extra energy by promoting
conservation on the pan of utility customers
through steps such as rewarding customers for
efficient energy use pancrns and helping to cut
down on energy consumption by wealherization
programs, promoting energy-efficient appliances,
etc. A more careful and judicious use of energy
reduces the need for increased energy production.
The report showed that through energy
conservation Duke could make avnilable the same
amount of energy that the Coley Creek pumped
storage project would have provided. but at
one-third the cost. The repon outlined five
different demand-side programs and gave
srep-by-srep directions for their implement.arlon.
Bill Thomas, co-chair of rhe Jocassee
Wate~hed Coalition, said, "h could be very
imponant for a company like Duke to stan a series
of pilot programs in energy conservation. Even if
they weren't completely convinced that this was
the best way to go, they should :u least experiment
and find out for themselves what programs wo11ld
work and what wouldn't."
"In September the Nonh Carolina Utilities
Commission will hold a series of six hearings at
locations across the stare to gather public comment
on a proposed least-cost planning rule that will
include demand-side management items. A good
tum-out by people s~ak.ing on behalf of these
measures wouJCI show the COinmission where the
public suppon lies."
The Jocnssee Watershed has obtained a
reprieve from funher depredations by Duke
Power, but efforts continue to gain binding
legislauve protection for the basin through
designation of the Thompson and the \v'hitewater
as Wild and Scenic Rivers. (The Horsepasturc
River already has protected stntus.) Preliminnry
studies have already been completed, and show
very definttely that further srudy is justified.
"We need to g~t legislacors to press the
North Carolina Natural Resoun:es and Community
Development Department to complete their sruclies
so that the lcgislat.ion can proceed," said Thomas.
"We arc asking people interested in the future of
the Jocnssee Watershed to contact their state
n:presentatives and ask them to get involved with
this.''
...AND NOW CHAITOOGA
Duke Power Company has announced that it
is postp<>ning indefinitely the Coley Creek Pump
Storage Project, which would have done
devastating environmental damage in the beautiful
Jocassee Watershed area in the foothills of the
Blue Ridge.
Officially, the company said that a review of
fuel prices and the economics of the pumped
storage alternative convinced them that providing
power by coal plants or combustion turbines was
economically more advantageous. What the
company did not mention was that they had met
stiff resistance to the project every step of the way
from the Jocassee Watershed Coalition, a
broad-based organization of hikers, hunters.
fishermen, and environmental groups. which may
also have influenced their decision. With a grant
from the Babcock Foundation. the coalition had
hired an independent consulting firm, the Energy
~
)o"'nat P • 20
Officials of Rabun County, Georgia and the
Associated Consulting Group are conspiring to
build a jetpon on a mountaintop in the upper
reaches of the Chattooga River, which is
designated as a Wild and Scenic River.
Preliminary design studies of the site
illegally conducted by Associated Cousulting at the
request of the Rabun County government have
detennined that they would need t.o level the entire
mountaintop to make room for the jet planes to
land. The jets would take off and land directly
over the river and roar over remote wild areas in
their flighL
The potential impacts on the Chattooga
watershed would be devastating. They include
massive sedimentation, wildlife habitat
destruction, and noise pollution, as well as the
fouling of the water and air. The remote and wild
character of the Chattooga whitewater run would
be severely degraded by the low-altitude
overflighcs.
The US Forest Service has refused ro talce a
position to protect the "wild and scenic" status of
the Chattooga despite their legislative mandate
under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act to do so.
The agency has even backed down from an earlier
comrninment to require an Environmental Impact
Statement for actions affecting any Forest Service
site. The American Rivers organization and a
coalition of local citizens is working on behalf of
the river. They say, ''Since t.be Forest Service has
refused to direct the county away from the
Chanooga site, citizen voices are essential to
prevent the Chattooga site from bemg selected.
The county and Associated Consulting are known
to have a bias in favor of the Chattooga site, and
only overwhelming public sentiment against lhe
site can change their minds."
Make yourfeelings known! Write:
Associated Consulting Group
3 I5 W. Po111::e de Leon Ave. (Suite 125)
Decatur, OA 30084
Kenneth Henderson, Forest Supen·i,s()r
Cl111ual100d~e National Forest
508 Oak St. NW
Gainesville. GA 30501
American Rivers
801 Pennsylvania Ave. SE (Suire 303)
Washington. DC 20003
WHAT'S AN EIS?
(or JUDGE HALTS VULCAN)
There will be no rock quarry in Flat Creek nt least not anytime soon.
Vulcan Matenals Company had planned to
dig a 58-acre, open-pit quarry near Weaverville
despite protests from local residents until
Buncombe County Superior Coun Judge Roben
D. Lewis voided Vulcan's state permit early this
'd
year. Some 450 North Buncom be rest ents
snowed up at the last public hearing in October of
1987. Most were against the quarry projecL The
group fonned the North Buncombe Association of
Concerned Citizens, which filed suit against
VuJcan, a Fortune 500 company, and several state
officials. Residents claimed in their suitS tha1 the
mining permit was issued 10 the company despite
evidence from expens that the quarry, which
would have been sited about two miles nonh of
the town of Weaverville, would deplete and
pollute area groundwater.
Spri-n9, 1989
�INCINERATORS THREATEN
AIR QUALITY
Jllmnl World News Service
"Cloudy skies" would be the long-term
weather forecast for meb'OpoliUUl Knoxville and all
points downwind if four new waste incinerators
were to come into operation in the area.
Three proposed incinerators in the
Knoxville area and one that is already constructed
1hrea1en 1he Great Smoky Mounrains National
Park, only 40 miles downwind, and the already
beleaguered mounrains of the Kan1ah province.
Cum:n!ly, air in the Smokies ranks it among the
ten most polluted of all the National Parks. It used
to be that the Park was only "smokey" during the
summer months when natural chemicals from the
forest vegetation combined with panicles in the
air. Now, even on a clear winter day, the view is
noticeably hazy. An estimated 70% of the pall is
due to air pollution.
The Department of Energy (DOE) has built
an incinerator at the K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Plant
in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. According to engineer
John Patton of the Division of Air Pollution
Conttol for the State of Tennessee, it is licensed
under the Toxic Substances Control Act to burn
radioactively contaminated polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB's) and other wastes which are
generated at the DOE facilities at Oak Ridge,
Paducah, and the Ponsmouth Gaseous Diffusion
Plants. The incinerator bums only propane gas
now, but when it goes on line in the summer of
1989, it will burn 3000 pounds of r.idioactive
waste every hour. A similar incinerator was
defeated in Rocky Flats, Colorado through public
opposition.
A private company mis-named the Safe
Ecology Group is proposing to build another
incinerator on Bear Creek Road in Oak Ridge that
will bum low-level radioactive waste for volume
reduction. According to Lisa Finaldi of the Nonh
Carolina Clean Water Fund, this incinerator will
take low-level radioactive waste from states that
are members of radioactive waste compact
agreements, such as North Carolina and New
York, reduce the volume of the waste, and then
send it back to the states for disposal. The
capacity of this incinerator will be 10,000 pounds
of radioactive waste per hour.
Also in the site selection stage is the East
Knoxville mass burn incinerator that will be
operated by Foster-Wheeler Power Systems of
New Jersey. The proposed incinerator will bum
900 tons of municipal garbage a day.
According to a Solid Waste Authority
spokesperson in Knoxville, "The incinerator and
recycling will be used to decrease landfill
dependency.''
Opponents of the incinerator,
however, declare that incineration will decrease the
recycling incentive, since the operating company
has a flat guarantee from the city and the county
that it will receive a certain amount of waste to
bum 10 produce electricity. Recyclers fear that
quota will be filled by waste that would otherwise
be potentially recoverable.
. Electricity sales will not cover operation and
maintenance costs for rhe incineraror facility. A
group called CARE in Knoxville claims that the
Solid Waste Authority did not compare the cost of
incineration, which will come to $370 million over
a 20-year period, with the coStS of alternative
methods of reducing solid waste, i.e. commercial
Sprl.ncj, l989
and household recycling, baling (compressing
THE FATE OF THE ROSE
garbage), and composting (brush, leaves, etc.).
Even with an incinerator, about 40% of
from• n;iort by N~ Blmhlrdl
solid waste must be landfilled. A new landfill will
Years ago the Agriculture Depanment
be needed in Knox County whether there is an
incincr.1tor or noL Incinerators actually raise the brought the multiflora rose into Virginia for soil
cost of disposal, because incinerator a.sh is a conservation and to attTact wildlife. Now the state
hazardous waste and must be sto1ed using encourages the eradication of this plant and may be
expensive protective techniques in special making a mistake that will tum out to be far more
serious than the spread of the shrubby muhiflora
landfills.
The CARE group also points out that, even bush. Montgomery and Grayson counties have
with air pollution conttols, incinerators pose a passed, and Floyd county is considering,
risk to public health that carries an incalculable legislation to force landowners to keep the plant
cosL The most dangerous chemicals cannot be from scrting seed on their propeny.
Farmers say that the roots of this plant arc
seen or smelled.
hard to lc:ill. Pulling multiflora roots out of the
Finally, next door to the proposed site for ground usually causes tbero to start new plants.
the Knoxville mass bum incinerator, the Dixie The multiflora grows in too many out-of-the-way
Cement Company may bum bai.ardous waste in a places to keep it all cut. Therefore, the st.ate
convened cement kiln.
recommends herbicides to lcilltbe plant - herbicides
that are particularly apt to contaminate
groundwater. Dicamba and 2,4-D arc both on the
list of pesticides which the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) considers most lillely to
leach into groundwater. Piclorfam, which is also
on the EPA leaching list, is conrained in the pellets
ofTordon, a restricted-use herbicide.
SLUDGE ISSUE STILL STEAMING
Though 2,4-D is not restricted and is
classed only as a "possible carcinogen," it may
soon be reclassified, because recent studies by the
National Institute of Cancer have shown a link
There is a new development in the bat!le between 2,4-D and cenain types of cancer. As
over the fate of Buncombe County's sewage 2,4-D breaks down, it can form products of
decomposition rhat are more toxic than the original
sludge: Advanced Alkaline Stabilization.
With encouragment from the Buncombe formulation. Like Tordon and Dicamba, 2,4-0 can
County Commissioners, the Buncombe also be contaminated with nitrosamines, which are
Metroplltan Sewerage District (MSD) has agreed cancer-causing. or more immediate concern is the
stress which pesticides put on rhe kidneys and
10 hold a hearing on this waste treatment process,
which mixes sludge with kilned lime dusr other pans of the human body.
William
(quicklime). ~ng pathogens and raising the pH agronomy at Wes1 Bryon, associate professor of
Virginiu University Wiil> quolcd
of the mixture, thus binding heavy metals and
making the resulting material suitable for in the Roanoke TimtS of January 29, 1988 that
herbicides cannot eradicate the multiflora rose and
spreading on farm pastures. The hearing is are not wonh using. He also mentions a natural
scheduled to be held in Asheville on March 21.
rosette disease
Foes of che sludge incinerator say that che control called Missouri. Thiswhich is spreading
this way from
disease, spread by
outcome of that hearing will detennine their future a mite, can accomplish what the herbicides can't
strategy. "If the MSD continues to favor the and kills the multiflora in a few years.
incineration process," said Paul Gallimore of the
(conlinucd on next .-ae}
Long Branch Environmenral Education Center,
"we will push for a review of the Environmental
Protection Agency's health risk assessment that
OK'd the incinerator proposal.
"The EPA assessment is flawed. They
looked at only one possible pathway for airbome
pollution from the incineraror to enter the body by air inhalation - when actually there are four
other possible parhways - through direct
contamination of food, food grown in
contaminated soils, dermal exposure, and
inhalation of contaminared soil or dust.
"After some method - any method - of
sludge treatment is chosen, the next step is to put
pressure on the MSD to righten up industrial
pre-ueatrnent standards for wastes. Carcinogens
and heavy metals should not be allowed to leave
the point of origin regardless of the waste
treatment technology selected."
The MSD has agreed to institure a pilot
operation to tesc the feasibility of composting
sewage sludge no mauer what treatment process is
used for the bulk of the county's wasre.
"This is very positive," said GaJJimore.
"Where an incinerator will give out in 20 or 30
years and have to be completely replaced at great
expense, a composting operation just keeps
turning out the humus. Biological microorganisms
just don't quit."
�(CQn.tinucd from pag$ 21)
MOUNTAIN PEOPLE SAY
"CUT THE CLEARCUITING"
Nanni Wcxld News Savice
The Western Nonh Carolina Alliance
(WNCA) bas launched a public campaign to
Fuade the US Forest Service (USFS) to change
us primary timber management technique,
even-aged management. Under that scheme
patches of the National Forests up to 40 acres in
size an: cut to the ground so that the resulting
regrowth is of uniform size and easier 10 harvest.
Alliance members held an anti-clearcuuing
protest demonstration in front of the Forest
Service headquarters in downtown Asheville.
Banners and signs proclaiming "Cut the
Clearcutting" were hoisted by the protesters who
want the Forest Service to adopt a timber
management strategy that relics heavily on
uneven-aged management, which is based on
careful examination of individual siteS and logging
prescriptions that call for the thinning of
undesirable trees as welJ as the removal of good
sawtimbcr. so that future growcb is improved.
Uneven-aged management requires greater
expertise and auention to detail on the part of
foresters, and the Forest Service claims it docs not
have the budget to suppon these extra demands on
its staff.
Demonsttators lined the sidewalks in front
of the USPS offices with tree stumps to ~give the
flavor of what a forest of stumps looks like," said
WNCA member Monroe Gilmour. Also displayed
was a 90-foot long petition containing over 1,700
.names of Katuah residents opposed to
clearcuning.
The campaign was also carried into local
ranger districts at several meetings held to give
local community members a chance to speak about
proposed clearcurs in their immediate areas.
Over 100 Clay County residents auended a
community meeting in Hayesville to protest
planned clearcutting in their county. Retired
fores1cr Walton Smith, chair of the WNCA Timber
Management Taste Force, told the gathering that
since the clcarcuuing method was iniri:ued the
qualit) of the timber production had substanrially
declined. Smith noted that the growth of sprouted
limber, as found in clcarcuis. was substantially
faster, but produced trees of poorer quality than
trees grown from seed. Sprouts produced a
cross-grain growth that created a weakness in the
lumber, he said.
Smith recently walked scveml clearcuts with
USFS Regional Supervisor Bjorn Dahl. Smith
said Dahl was "quite surprised'' to see a tract under
uncven-:iged management thnt W3S full of young
seedling trees. whereas the clearcut areas were full
of sprouts.
In another meeting with Forest Service
personnel and a.ides to legis!Ative representatives,
150 Madison County residents met to protest
proposed road construction and clcarcuning at the
top of Bearpcn Ridge. The residenis complained
that the road and the clearcutting operation would
cause sedimentation in Hickey Fork Creek and
would destr0y the trout hatchery there. The cold
creek waters offer challenging fishing for rainbow
and native brook trout
The steep. remote forests in the Hickey
Fork Creek watershed ~ovide excellent habiiat for
bears and other wildlife, and the area is popular
with bunters. Many in the assemblage were bear
hunters who were concerned that the new roads
and the clearcutting would cause bears to shy
away &om the area. They were especially alarmed
JGcitilah 'o~Ml P • 22
to learn that a stand of large white oalcs on top of
Bearpen Ridge were t0 be included in the clearcut
The hunters. who were all familiar with the woods
and wildlife in the area. agreed that this .stand was
one of the most imponant mast-eroducing areas in
the region and that it was heavily used by bears.
After hearing their concerns, Frank Roth of the
USFS indicated that he would set aside an acre of
so of the largest trees so that they could continue
10 provide wildlife food.
The WNCA is plannning a "Cut the
Clearcuuing" rally on April 15 at 11 :00 in the
City-County Plaza with music, talks, and
presenta1ion of a protest pe1itioo to USFS
officials.
For copies of the petirion in favor of uneven
-aged forest management, or more informt111on
on the "CUI the Clearct1tting" campaign, write or
aJil:
The Wesrern Nonlr Caro/iM Alliance P.O. Box
18087 Asheville, NC 28814 (704) 258- 8737
To win $50 in the "Ugliest Clearcut Photo
Contest," send entries 10 tlU! Alliance by April I.
Bjorn Dahl, Regional Forester US Porest
Service Box 2750 Asheville, NC 28802
(704) 2574200
.
.............
PEREGRINE FALCONS FLEDGE
While the Natural World News often seems
gloomy. here is a linle light:
Scott Ball. a temporary eml'loyec of the NC
Wildlife Resources Commission's Nongame
Program, perched high up on Whiteside
Mountain, observed lhe first confinned
naturally-bred peregrine falcon to fledge in the
Kal\fah province since 1957.
With the help of volunteer falcon wa1chers,
wildlife biologists found five pairs of peregrine
falcons defending territories at mountain cliffs last
ycor Three of these pairs made nesting attempts.
Two pairs each raised a single chick to fledging
age.
Wildlife biologists seem cau11ously
optimistic. While this level of reproduction will
nol sustain 1he newly-established peregrine
population, these successful auempts may augur
well for the fuwre of this magnificent predator in
Karuah.
Biologisis will continue releases of young
captive-bred peregrines for several more years. but
will release a smaller number each year. ln 1988
18 young falcons were released along the Blue
Ridge near Mt. Mitchell and on Grandfather
Mountain. Biologists have released 63 young
peregrine falcons in the mountains since the
restoration effort began in 1984.
If five breeding pairs can be csmblished in
the Southern Appalachians, the program's
emphasis will then switch to protection and
management of the nesting peregrines.
Excerptedfrom a report by John_ Alderman
\..:
CHEMTRONICS SPEWS POISONS
Toe infamous Chemtronics plant in
Swannahoa. North Carolina has dumped hundreds
of thousands of potinds of a highly toxic industrial
solvent into the air over the past several months,
despite pleas of a company chemist to install
equipment that would h.ave caught 90 percent of
the chemical.
.
The plant has released 256 596 pounds of
tetrachloroclhylcne, which is acutely or chronically
toxic. according to \he US, Environmental
Protection Agency '<EPA). The .solvent i~ also
believed to destroy ozone in Jiu; high atmosphere,
allowing increased pen~~at1on 9[, l;larmful
ultra-viol~t radi;nio.o from ~he sun.
Terrachloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen
and contribwes 10 s111o,g and air poJtutfon close to
the Eanh's.$urface.
.J
•
,
Cbemtronics senior sc1entiSt, John Tylldall.
who charted the releases. said a11
9ne.poln1t 'The
cnvfronmental . impac~ (<~f the (eleases) is
enormous. and wt:. need \o act on this situation
immediately." He has since beep laid off by
Chemtronics.
Plans were approved for the installation of a
recovery system to capture the escaping solvent,
but Chemtronics' parent company, Halibunon
Corporation. never advanced the money to pay for
the lnstaUa1ion, according to a ~ll_en;llronics
official.
rn other recent and' rel~ued news,
negotiauons between the companies responsible
for dumping toxic industrial wastes at the
Chemtronics Supcrfund site in Swnnnanoa have
broken down, delaying clean-up of the former
military munitions plant there. according to the
EPA. Chemtronics, along with former owners
Northrop Corporation and Ce~nese Corporaiion
cannot agree on who should pay how much.
The breakdown in ncgotialions means a
delay of months and possibly years in the clean-up
operation if the disagreement 1s submiued to
litigation. according to EPA official John
Bomholm.
Celanese Corp. bought the now-polluted
propcny in 1959 and made explosive!\, solid
propellants, shells, rocket motors, and chemical
agents the.re. Northrop Corp. bought 1he facility in
1965 and continued the military contracts. Jn 1971
Ainronics. Inc. leased the site and continued the
work through its Cbemtronics division.
Chemtronics bought the plant from Northrop in
1978, about the same time the EPA discovered the
presence of more than 50 organic chemicals which
had leaked into the surrounding soil and
groundwater.
In another recent corporate shuffle, the
Halibl.lrlon Co. has dissolved its Chemtronics
branch. and has turned the Swannanoa plant over
co its Je1 Research subsidiary
"We'rl! going LO be a lot more responsible
company environmentally," said Bob King, Jet
Research vice-president. "Jct Research makes
warheads and other explosives for the military, but
the processes will not involve the release of
dangerous substances into the air and
groundwater, as was the practice at the plant for so
long."
-SprLnq, 19U
�REVIEW:
Sacred Land Sacred Sex RapIUTe ofthe Deep:
Concerning Deep Ecology and Celebrating Life
by Dolores LaOuipelle
(Pinn Hill AIU; Silvcncn, CO; 1988)
'7n this kind of learni11g, there is no knowledge, in the usual
stnse, to process and convey; thert is instead a deepening of
anenlion to the pattern ofall lift around you, so tltat you ~gin to
/Jw 'JOllT life accordUtg to thal pattern.• - DoWu LaC•Ue
"Biorcgion" is a word of power. It encompasses what
scientists call an "ecosystem," but goes beyond the mechanistic
limitations of scientific nomenclature. A bioregion is clearly a
community, a land alive - plants, animals. soil, water, sunlight, all
the elements of life womng tOJCther. each sustaining the others.
"Bioregion" is a word with the nng of rightness to it.
The word "biorcgional" follows. It is descriptive, "panalcing
of the qualities of the lioregion," but it is a little longer and the truth
that resonates in the original noun is just ever so slightly
diminished.
But "bioregionalism" is a word that cmies no force
whatsoever. Whenever the odious "-ism" is added to an otherwise
usefuJ root idea, it completely drains whatever value for powerful
communication that original word may previously have possessed.
That simple suffix, just three letters, hardens a worthwhile
approach to life into a dogmatic school of institutionalized thought,
limits flexibility, and rums a life-giving relationship with the natural
world into a set of precepts to be debated pro and con in sterile
classrooms.
"Deep ecology" is an alternative phrase inspired by
Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess to define the auth of our
individual and collective relationship to the natural world.
The phrase has drawbacks. It is based in part on the Greek
word meaning ''study," because ecology was developed as an
interdisciplinary course of i:nstroction to explain the relationships
between the different elements of a place and how they work
together to sustain life. Now, however, the word "ecology" has
grown beyond the idea of "a course of study" to mean an acrual life
community and the web of relationships on which i1 depends.
"Deep ecology" lacks the evocative sense of a phrase like
"furure primitive," which describes people living in the world.
"Future primitive" predicts a technology thar is sophisticated to the
point of simplicity. It refers to a people whose culture is beautifully
complex rather than needlessly complicated, because it is based on
primal values as well as biologically accurate observation.
Yet, while the actual choice of words may be somewhat stiff,
the definition of "deep ecology" is eloquent. lt is ecology with a
difference. The essential tenet of deep ecology is that there is
intrinsic value to life in all its fonns. To fully understand deep
ecology one must identify one's "self" as "all that lives." This in
tum demands perceiving the world with more of our brain than the
neo-conex, the seat of the intellect. Sensual and instinctual
responses are as valuable for survival as intellectual analysis. It is
also assumed that a full realization of the principles of deep ecology
requires that one acts on them - it is necessary to defend the Earth
and to work at changing our culture.
This is what living is all about. This is "bioregionalism" as it
should be.
"Deep ecology" is useful as a t:ranSitional concept to describe
our odysse.Y back into the world. It is not the perfect turn of phrase,
but usage ts what lends definition, and those who are maJctng the
strongest stance for the Eanh are doing so in the name of deep
ecology. It is deep enough to suffice until we simply can say
~being," and other people undersmnd.
~ing,
Because that is what it is all about, isn't i1? Being, simply
here. Yet in these times that is such a complicated mauer.
And it is the hardest of all things to express. The sages have always
said, "The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao.•
And that is where Dolores LaChapelle steps in. She has
attempted the impossible - and done it valiantly. Her book Sacred
Land Sacred Sex Raprure of ti~ Deep oies to communicate in
words what can only be known through experience: the essence of
deep ecology.
Dolores LaChapelle herself is well aware of this paradox,
which is faced by anyone who writes. And, like all writers, sbe
feels compelled 10 wrestle with iL
So in writing about deep ecology she takes another approach.
Like a hawk, Dolores circles, circles. She first describes the
essential mystery by describing the conditions of itS absence, and
tells us the story of how we Lost touch with it. She then directs us
10 teachers who can demonstrate ic our animal relations in their
rituals; authentic members of primitive cultures; scientists and
psychologists who explore our deeper self And she introduces us
to guides who can help us to find our own way: sage, the drum, the
gourd rattle, Tai Chi, ritual, and, of course, the mounulins.
Sacred land Sacred Sa Raprun of the Deep is a beautiful
book - as deep in the telling as in the subject maner - created
through a blend of hard scholarship, an unswerving dedication to
the sacred, fierce passion, and the life experience of one of the true
elders of our clan.
(continued on next page)
�(continued rrom page 4)
(cantinuad fJom ~ 23)
It is a difficult book, because I.he closer one approaches lO the
essenr:ial truth, the more do ideas become unbound. ~e more do
words betray their meanin&. But Doto~ La Chapelle is a_
woman
of great intellectual stamma. Th~ stones and observatt.o ns we
encounter along this convoluted JOume.Y arc ~th ~mg and
wonderful. and each episode of the book is absorbing m itself. But,
tnken together, the insights delineate an infonnational fiel~ that
conveys a full sense (not mctely a pinned-to-the-board analysis) of
what deep ecology is all about
Impossible as it is to transmit an experiential stnte through
linear type, the book Sacred land. Sacred ~G ROf~"e of tlu! Deep
expertly i.rtfoans inclividuaJ cxpenence. It 1s a trauung manual that
reaches the reader how to open up to the deepest elements of his or
her own life joumey.
After reading Dolores LaChapelle's book, we know the
danger signals to watch for in our culture and in our own psyche.
We know where io look and how to call for instruction. And we
know what it feels like when we reach hannony, the center of the
world We arc prepared to experience the sacred.
Hopefully, the day will come when the concept "deep
ecology" is obsolete, books will no longer be needed, and our
minds won't be enmeshed in ideas. Then we won't have 10
sacrifice U'CCS to our earnest attempts IO explain the Mystery. Then a
story, a night of love, a smile, or the wind moving a leafy branch
will be communication enough. But until then we should be glad
we have teachers such as Dolores LaChapelle.
• reviewtd by David Whultr
#'
"AFFORDANCES"
From
Sacred land Sacred Sex Rapture of the Deep
phase peoples cultivated most of their food, and supplemented their
crops with native foods hunted and gathered from the forest.
There was a ceremonial center with room coougb for large
gatherings, built on raised earthen mounds. Ther~ wer~ semisubterranean eanh lodges. progenitors or those bwlt dunng the
historic Qualia phase by the Cherokee.
.
.
Pisgah phase peoples ma.de cane mats, the 1~prcssions of
which were found in graves, even though the actual amcles no longer
remained. Graves were dug in the floors or dwellings, and the dead
were usually buried in a flexed posicion (lying on their sides in foetal
position). They were accompanied by turtle shell rattles, bone
neck.laces, tools of srone and bone, and pottery.
Support Your Local Ar<:haeologist
The Pisgah Village sue in McDowell County has been
excavated primarily with volunteer labor, much of on the pan of local
residents. Robinson is grateful for such suppon; in fact, it was local
interest that made excavation possible in the first place.
Archaeologists usually receive funding to conduct retrieval of
information only when n site is threatened by development The rather
comical image of the archaeologist busily sifting through the din in
front of a moving bulldoi.eris all too real
Robinson urges everyone who discovers artifacts or a possible
archaeological site to contact him at Wam:n Wilson College, or get in
touch with any archaeology laboratory. such as those located at
Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, the University of
Tennessee at Knoxville, or Appalachian State University io Boone.
Archaeological sites are resources to be preserved, protected,
and revered. It is only by careful recovery of the infonnatioo they
contain, which often takes many years of study, that we will benefit
from these historic resources. At a time when population saturation,
disease, and decimation of our narura.I resources threatens our very
survival, we cannot afford to desrroy the evidences of our region's
past, which might perhaps offer answers for our fu1ure.
Persons i111erested in leaniing f11()re abow archaeology can
contact the Archaeological Society of Norrh Carolina; Research
Laboratories of Archaeology; Universiry of Non/1 Carolina, and the
Friends of North Carolina Archaeology, NC Depanmenc of Cu/rural
Resources; 109 E. Jones St.; Raleigh, NC 27611.
Archaeologist Ken Robinson may~ co111acted by writing him
a1 Warren Wilson College, SwannallOQ, NC 28778 or calling (704)
298-3325.
~
"The affordances of the environment are what it offers
the animal, what it provides or furnishes, either for good or ill."
"Afford." as a verb, is found in the dictionary, but (James J.)
Gibson (of c.ome11 University) made up I.he word ''ajforda.nce." He
explains that this word refers to both the environment and the
animal (including the human) "in a way that no existing tenn does.
It implies the complementarity of the animal and the environment."
This is precisely why I think this word is so important In
our culture, we tend lO think that humans have discovered all these
amazing things; in some ways we believe that these things didn't
even exist until humans found them. I've been trying 10 break
down this laner presupposition throughout this work; first, by
showing how the affordancc we call the gourd gave us agri.culture
and later with other examples. Once you begin using this word,
you will find that every day you will realize how nature provides
affordances for us to use. It's all there before us - it's not
dependent on humans to figure it out This is a giant step forward
in overcoming our culturallr,-induced split from nature.
These affordanccs 'arc the way specific regions of the
environment directly address themselves to particular species or
individuals. Thus, to a human, a maple tree may afford 'looking at'
or 'sitting under,' while 10 a sparrow it affords 'perching,' and '? a
squincl it affords 'climbing.' But these values are not found inside
the minds of the animals. Rather I.hey are...a reciprocal interchan~e
between the living intentions of any animal and the dynamic
affordances of its world ...The psyche .. .is a property of the
ccosysLCm as a whole."
_,
- Dolores LoChopelle
'
FOR FURTI!ER READING:
Dickens, Roy S .. and J(JJ'MS l. McKinley. Frontiers in the
Soil: The Archaeology of Georgia (Chapel Hill; Fronriers Pub. Co.;
1979)
Hudson, Charles. The Southeastern Indians (Kn<>xville;
University o/Tennessu Press: 1978)
Keel, Bennie C .. Cherokee Archaeology: A Study of the
Appalachian Summit (Knoxville; University of Tennessee Press;
1976)
Mathis, Mark A. and Jeffrey J . Crow. The Prehistory of
Nonh Carolina: An Archaeological Symposium (Raleigh, NC Div. of
ArclUvesandHistory: 1983)
McHargue, Georgena and Michael Ro~rrs. A Field Guide to
Conservation Archaeology in North America (PhUadelphla: J.B .
Uppincorr Co.; 1977)
Wetmore. Rwh. First on the Land: The North Carolina Indians
(Winston-Sa/em; l<>hn F. Blair, PublishQ; 1977)
Wa.m:n Wilsoo College will offer an archaeologic:al f"icld 1thool 1his
summer lhnt wdl focus on the Pisgah Village site. SllldclllS will lc4m survey
and excavation leehniqucs mid will also be involved in lhe aruilysls of altifact
and site da.13.
Contact: Kt11 Robinson. Proj«t Dim<:t.or; Box 5277; Warren Wiison
College; Swanannanoa. NC 28778 (704) 298-3325.
s
�Video Review:
"Stopping the Coming Ice Age"
Dirccled by l.JuTy Ephron
Produced by the Institute for a Future (57 minules)
Looking back, it ~eems tha1 1988 was ~ ye:ir for
important, "new" environmental issues and concerns to surface.
ln particular, ibis was the year in which the idc.i or lhe so-called
"greenhouse effect" finally gained public acceptance. if not
notoriety- a year lhat saw record-breaking drought. hurricanes,
and forest fires. Suddenly, the idea of global warming was
appearing everywhere in che media, and it seemed that concerned
scienliSlS and poliricians were unanimous in their suppon for the
global warming scenario.
However, this unanimity is an illusion, media coverage to
the contrary. ln fact, there is much contr0versy within the scientific
community ns to the chmatic effects and socio-polilicctl
nunificalions of the greenhouse effect. It is far from cenain that the
climate changes we're seeing arc leading to/caused by global
warming. In fact, there is ac1ually considerable evidence that points
to a very different conclusion: lhn1 1he planet may be teetering on
the brink of another Ice Age.
One of the foremost proponents of this laner view is John
Hamaker, a mechanical engineer who has cx1ensively analyzed
clima1e and ecological paucms, and hn.<; developed a comprehensive
and holistic approach to understanding global climate change. His
lheories, expressed in h.is book The Survival of Civiliza1io11, arc
now being supported and dissemina1ed by a foundation called
"Institute For A Fu1urc", which re<.-ently created a remarkable video
pr~ntation: "Stopping the Coming Jee Age".
This video is inspiring, frightening, challenging, and very
infonnative, as it takes us around the world in search of answers.
While Hamaker agrees that the greenhouse effect is a very real
Lhrea1, he believes - and backs this up with hard data and expert
opinion - that it will [ll2l.warm ihe Eanh unifonnly, but instead will
increase the temperarure differential between the equator and the
poles, causing increased thermal convection, atmospheric
turbulence, and rapidly shifting and biz:zare weather patterns.Jn
this scenario, high winds moving from the equator tow111ds the
poles will drop their abundan1 moisture in the h.ighcr latitudes in the
form of snow and ice, often creating drought condicions in the
temperate regions. He believes that lhe tropical and sub-tropical
zones will indeed get hotter, but the tempenue zones arc likely to
get cooler and drier.
Hamakcr"s understanding of the greenhouse effect talces us
far beyond the popularized, watered-down information available
Lhrough the mass media because he explores deeper levels of cause
and effec1, process and purpose. The mos1 profound information
presented in this video concerns the connections beiween lhe
greenhouse effect and the development of an ice age, and the
importance of understanding long-tmn cycles (100,000 years!) of
clima1e change. The video demonstrates the causal connections
linking together all the different environmenuil/atmospheric
phenomena that combine to bring on an ice age:
1) soil erosion and demineralizntion
2) the subscquem weakening and dying of the forestS
3) the resulting increase in insect inrestations, forest decay,
and massive fortst fires
4) I.be dramatic increase in C02 released into the atmosphere
by these na1ural causes, which induces the greenhouse effecL
5) and m the 20lh century - as opposed to 100,000 years ago
man-made pollution and our destrUCtive tampering with the natural
balance of life are intensifying and hastening the process.
According 10 Hamaker. an ice age performs a vitally
necessary natural function. As tbe glaciers advance and then
retreat, they move and grind up immense quantities of roclc,thus
spreading gravel and rock dust over much of lhe Lcmperate zones.
This process, along with the winds that help distribute lhis rock
dust even further, gradually l'Cllllneralizes the soil· which feeds the
planis and forests, promoting rapid and healthy growth • during
which lime the plants breathe in much of the excess C02 in the
atmosphere • wh.ich gradually stops the greenhouse effect! The
plants of the world breathe in C0 2, use the carbon, and release the
o>cygen back into the air whlch we, and all other animals, breathe!
SprLnq, 1989
Thus, n primary function of glaciation i~ to ttminerali1.e and
help reforest the Eanh. The reason this video is called "S1oppfng
the Coming Ice Age" is that Hamaker thinks we humans can indeed must. if we wanr our cwilization to survive • reminemlizc
the Earth oursefres. We ourselves can fulfill the vital rolt pluyed
by an ice age, rendering ~uch a geological event obsolete.
This means, however. that the government~ and peoples of
nil countric:; and regions would need to make it a top priority to
remineralize our depleted ~ils, and also to engage in massive
reforcs1ation projec1s, planting billions of trees worldwide.
Without hc:aJthy forests, we have no chance at all of slowing the
ttemendous C02 buildup which fuels the greenhouse effect. As the
video pu1s it." The trees of the world are our best friends now. and
only they can save us". Obviously, then, we also need 10 i;iop
clear-cutting our foresis. both here and in the tropics, and to limit
our fossil fuel burning, wh.ich has been accelerating the greenhouse
process. Only by doing all these things, says Hamaker, can "e
avoid horrific consequences for humani1y in the very near foture.
The audacity of this theory and lhis proposal lies in its utter
simplicity and common-sense quality. Yet many people may not
heed H.ama.ker's message and information because we have become
so enamored of "high- tech" solutions and shon-tenn planning,
gratification, and profit. Hamaker's plan demands a clear
understanding of our planetary dilemma. and a deep comminnent t0
creating a viable future, as well as some sacrifice or comfon and
convenience. The video concludes with these questions: "Have we
got the guts to do it? How much do we really want to be here?"
Whether or not Hamaker's proposal is ever implemented on
a large scale, we can all do things individually and collectively to
help educate people and help heal the planet. The video pointS out
1hat even if these theories aren't totally "provable", or even
completdy accurate, we should X1ill do the things Lhat Hamaker
suggests, for 1he sake of ecological balance, conservation, and
planetary sanity.
rn addition to the ideas discussed in this review, this video
explores JDl!.W! other aspects of our ecological and social dilemmas •
many more than can be dealt with here. There is so much vital
information presented, within such a comprehensive framework,
that this video ranks as a definite "must see'· for anyone at all
concerned about environmental issues and social change.
• "Stopping The Coming Ice Age" is available for $20 from:
lnstitue for a Future, 2000 Cenfer St. Berkeley, CA 94704. For
info on other offerings of the lnstirutc call 1·800-441-77Cll
• To arrange a showing or this video in the Asheville area, or for
more information, call Richard Lowenthal ar(704) 251-2526. ~
LOCAL RESOURCE I ACTION INFORMATION
• The December t988 issue or "American ForeSIS" m;igirant (published by
the American Forcsuy Association) 11 cle110~ almo~1 ent.Ucl)' IO tropical
defore.suuion, lhc gJCCnhou.sc effll(:I, and lhc prc.~ng n~ to ref~ the e:inb.
II highlights the AlSOCiotion's nx:ently-formcd Olobal Ro-Leaf prognun, which
aims to cducaLC Americans aboul Ille vil,DJ 1mpc:111.a11CO of rcfottsuulon. lllld to
"cl'Cl!IC a new ruulon31 nctwort. (If c1ti~n aetiv1su· whU:h will, 11 i• hoped,
plant at l~t 100,000.000 ll'Ce.$ nntiOCl·wiclc over the ne~1 sc~eral ycatt. For
more informalion, wriie to: Amcriciln Forestry Association, PO Box 2000,
Washinguin, DC 20013
(202) 667-3300
· WNC Alliance "Cut l.M ~Jng" c.imJiaign (st.o pege22 ! :
P.O. Box 18087, A&be\'IUC. NC 28814
(704)2$8-8737
• Forest Voices - •an /;jormatlon netW'Ofk lhat assi.sls citiz.cm m pal'_llcipating
in
1hc planning and managcmcmt or the Pisg:ih and Nant.ahala .h'!uional
(919j.182-36'33
Fol'CSIS"· P.0 Box 1275. West. lcffttiOn. NC 28694
• Adopl a Tree· a muhi-faceted ~on which "works 10 make the vital
connection between (IC(ll>lc 111d ttee•' and wcrts &c!;tly will\ rtfon:St3tion:
P.O. Box 144, Supr Gnwc. NC 28679
• The Fctwwy 1989 publ~ "Mounuun ~Al Risk! the FulllTC of
the Southern Appalachlari National ~13" )160+ pages, intludina 1ru1ny
cxccllentchart$ and appendices). Available on rcqucst from:
The Wilderness Society. 1819 Peaclusee Rood N.E. (Suite 714) Atlanlll , OA
30309
Drawing by rob mcJSlc:k
(404) 3SS-178l.
�What a wondetful journal! - a beanening combination of slwp-eycd
icalism and full hearted poetry. I feel rve encountered a true compt111ion.
Thanks IO D3ve Albert who passed iL on with your review of my book.
J0311na Macy
Bctb:ley, CA
DRUMMING
LETIERS TO KATUAH
Friends in Kallia.h -
"In the field or opponuni1y, it's plowing lime again.·
Those or you working in the cnwonmenllll. public henlth, resource
ma.nagcment fields may be questioning (tllllhority?). 1f your profe.~slOllal
orienllllion is on the same path as your human development and land~lhie
perogntivc.
My Friends at Katliah Journal·
Your publication is beautiful and 111Spirlng. I n:c:eived a
complimentary copy {Auwmn, 1988) conceming the great chcsmul n:vival.
and enjoyed lhe entire journal.
I visil I.be Kaul.ah bioregion each year (feeling very Sll'Ongly lhat I
was and am "born" lheic.) I am so cooccmcd about lhe negative human
impact on this n:gion, and would be in~ed in anylh1ng I could do for
l'CSIOnllion. rd<Xallll.ion. pl'CllCCUon, eu:..
Blessings.
Nancy Llgnitt
Olalhe, KS
P. S. • Forgive my ignorance-.could you please lei me lmow the
correct pronunciation of "Kanlah1"
(Sure! Probably o lot of otltu ~pie have b4ie11 woNlerilog, IOO. bul
Soy, "lea - TOO • ah.•
jiut did11'1 d/Jre IO osk. Reody, fl/JW?
Guruu!Mil!
• eds.)
Dear Kat.Udl •
Many friends or mine propose pcrfeclioo (In lhe ronn or intcrpCtS0031
peace) as a .solution 10 Ille llul:aL or wincllOCl. I tell them, "Hey, I don't
think we've got Ume.• l think I saw the snmc thing happening In Katli.ah
JourMl 22 bul in an opposilC way. Thete the dhugence of individual,
corpome. and govtmmcntal behavior from the ideal was plCSClllCd so
forcdully as tO make any suggesuon of solutions ou1 or place. i wnnl tO
argue lh41 in both lhcsc in.~ ideals malfunction when they an: mnde
JWOX}mn1e goals rather !ban guiding beacons.
One p;ndox of idealism is lhlli lhe greai.cr the con1ras1 bdWllCll lhc
IC.Ill and ldCal behavior of people, the more wfficuh it Is to argue lhal Ille
JdcaJ is naturul (to them). the mon: claboralC mast be the explanation as to
how they got so aberrant. and lhe tw rusonablc it IS to hope Ibey will Ulkc
the 1113Jly.111lUly steps from one to lhe other. Usually the conimst is sortened
:wt hope ~by thc stnuch or cenlUries, millenia or aeons presumed 10
inluvcne between ~ and ideal But in the presclll crises the conuast and
~are ui=ased. Wh'fl
Wlw I see happcnmg 11 thal lhe apocolyplic p0!>'iibili1y of our
cnviroomcn141 and mililllrist trues is malung people shnnk the middle
ground bctwcoo rc:il and ideal, mlllung them tlunk the ldeol m1m be nuained
right away, u we are to survive. The resuh Is that the I~ ome lhctl) is left
for clunge. the mocc of 11 is demanded. We use ideals to get at wlufs trul)'
wrong bul then in a cnsis rrusiake lhcm Lo be a pracllcal progTI1111 for se1ung
thmgsright.
In conuas1. thc closer we appro:ich disaster 1he mote focused should
be our analysis, the less suidcnt OU/ Judgcmcnl.s, the more specafte and
llmillld our prcscripuons. Out ideals C:tll still gwdc 11$ bu! from a dl$UIJIOC.
subonlloate to a goal of swvival as a ~ics w11l1 a 5uswnable OIOde or
exislcnc:c. Once that is a,s_'>ll'Cd weC1111 resume lhc ncYCJ endulg wOlt or
moving oursclvt$ and the world IOW8td the 1dc;al
Respectfully yours.
JlcltOwley
M:idison County, NC
I would like to begin gcncmting plans fora small compt111y of
icsponsiblc people co promote land S?ewardsbip lllld conscrvlltion of natural
resources. We11 provide professi01131 and 1.CChnico.I consulUttion and CSU!blish
bioregi.oJllll criteria for environmerually sensitive site devclopmcnl
silviculturc, archiiecturc. fanning. wau:r use. nnd small Cl\C.f&Y production.
rm intcreSICd in communicating with others who an: ready with ide:is
for lll!lking ~ TRANSmON to perpetual livelihood in a Clll'CCr lh;t1 will
reward our f11111ilies as well as our PLANET.
Sincetely.
Steve Ovcndcn
Box;JS
Pntmcuo. Ft. 34220
Dear Katllah Friends ·
I saw the "Sheller" issue of your journal and especially love and use
the Invocation (to WlnlU) - k's so beautiful to say. l was CMCCived and born
8lld also love those moun1auJS and tree$ tllld fresh air and flowing creeks.
1banlc you so much- .. the issue I saw wns bcauuful. iruly.
Blessings,
JUlllUI Forest
Octr0it. Ml
Docs my dog bite1
Lady. Lhat dog's so old
lllat he'd only gum you
If he caught you
if he even hnd the gumption
toehaseyou
which he don'L
Why do I keep him?
Hah!
Lady, that'~ the best watehdog
ICYCJhad
bar none.
How do yau mean?
Why, he don't chnsc chldtcn•
or run hvestoek
or keep me awake
barking all night.
Burgl:!n7
Lady, 1fyou see
anylhing around here worlh r.i.cahng
point ltOUI
and l'll nulc:e )'OU
a 11!31 good price on 1L
'Ccpl mlybe my dog.
• RonJohnson
Spn."9, 11109
�:
..
equal "p:lttllCrSlup" with all Olher living entities. I dream of a world whcie
long-sllllldmg cu1Lu!'111 tr3d11ions are honored and s upponcd, bolh in
hCICIOgcncous groupings of oil kinds of people living 1.ogcthcr and in more
isolntcd, sell-conlllined indigenous communities.
h 1s being said · and even channeled · lhal we are entering o pcnod
of 30 to 50 years of ca1BClysmic changes on the eanh. Some beings will
pass on in this ume of purging, while othetS will come in to !like iheir
place. Some or us wiU sUllld in the forefront of change and IJUllsmut.ation
while others of us wiU follow close behind. Let us begin then LO create the
v1s1ons that will ullimaiely provide the blueprints for our future on !his
planci., and begin to eultiva1e the liUlc poclu:IS oC mmly and wholeness Lhal
will evemually be the models from wrueh the rest of humanity cnn draw
msp1r.11ion and duectioo. The time has come_ dear comrades, lei us dream
...
together·
Jay Joyce
Asheville. NC
·.
Dear Friends·
c.ome. dream 11 liuJe dream with me.
As we all sil~ inexornbly tnLO thc not-so-nif1y nmcties. its becoming
clearer nnd c:ltlim dial life as we trow it mLISI be draWcally altered if we ait
to reverse the lides or ecologic:il desuuction gaihcring fon:e nround the globe.
h is clearly ume for us iocn:aie new visions for the rurure. lO look iownrd
the 2 lst centW')' with a sense of hope and purpOSe and direction, and OOl just
foreboding. And it i.~ in this spirit that I'd like to offer a few personal images
far a new bcguming, an altcmru.ive futun: - and LO invite compatriots
everywhere to color in these prclimm111Y skcu:hes fwther.
Farst of all, I sec a plllce where boclc:ynrd fences have been lOOI down,
and neighborhood gmdens, quiet ~cs, play SUUCUUCS. and gathering pl:ices
sprawl acro&s the land insicad. Theo l see community ocntcJS blossoming
:i.mong the dctri~ of ab:lndoncd school buildmgs nnd agmg warchow.es,
where recycling proJCCU, compost dumps, and communru gardens repklce
blllciclOp parking lots; and where weekend Ilea mnrkel.nnd bloclt panics.
moon celebrotions, and ecology fairs fill those huge l<>nely spaces. where
computer nctwolks and refemil scrvtCCS and gallery car~ keep people in touch
Greetings Brochers and Sisu:ss of Ka111ah •
r love you all and pray with you always, and alwoys my heart is so
full wbeo I receive my copy of Ka1Uah JourMl. ll takes me back to the
Appalachians and the memories flood m.
r thought tha1 if your magazine came OUI be fan: Lbc equinox, you
could pnn1 something from • Aoccwoo,• the Maori name f<W" New Zealo.nd.
since ii seems 1hc chcslnut arucles (KOJiiah Journol #21 · ed.) cre:it.ed some
communicauon.
We rue organizing o gaihering on a friend's propeny 111 lhe end of o
rood in a Nal.iOlllll Par1t, one or the mos1 beautiful places m lhe world. This
is the only gruhcring this year as our annual "Towards 2000"
workshop-oriented gathcrin~ wcrcn'1 held this yu.T. The annual nonh island
"Tc WaiOU3" glllhcring hosn't happened foe lhc l3Sl two yClll'S or our "Hui
Waiata." which is a musical glllhcring.
Although there arc loL\ of open-minded folk and mony good things
bnppcning here. we are going through a phase of fcwct gnthcrings ond feel the
need for folk t0 gel tQgct.hcr to share their ideas and views and feel strong in
their commitment to healing lhe Earth along with other brother! and !isters.
Hopefully, our pthcring will provide llus opponuru ty, as it's mo
progre$$ive area wilh communities. ocgaruc forms. and iCs a long way rrom
any ctties or polllllion. so a lOt of naturul beauty along wilh a good growing
climiue which has aurnc1ed 1'11311Y ovcneas follt. so we have an opponuouy to
share Lbcir visions, as ITIOSl of them come from a vccy comamintued Northern
Ht.maspbcrc.
As USUllJ, alu:malive folk find 1t hard to deal with local authorities,
but this is one of the few areas where people can make the effort ID be pin of
local dc:cislon·makmg and help make folk fll01C aware of what is hnppcrung
to our Mother and the roles W$ can play IO bcal Her and OUl1iClves.
with each other.
t look forward also LO a time when we all learn LO lhink about each
thing we "tlvow away" long enough to decule how u can be recycled or
properly disposed of. I imagine a place· ll Smithsonian of the mind. if you
will • whc:re a few old TV's, microwaves, electric am-openers. wa1apiks,
air-purifiers, etc. are kept in a museum lO remind us of whal we almost
buried ourselves in . .• while the rest oC them ~ no longer nccdcd or
wanted. I dlcll!n or a time when we no longer use tars, and freeways a.re no
longer necessary eitcept roe skalcboordulg, sledding, skhng, bicycling, and
wllldsurfing. I envision a scienlifx: communny thal seeks ou1 ways to gel
rid or the nukes, cleanly, lO biodegradc the phlsuc. 10 trunsfOJ111 ihe 10X1e
chemicals, IO clean up thc :ur and w.ucr, to cure the diseases, and IO develop
stmplincd, life-nunuring ways Cot all ihe criUCIS still 3.m0f18 us LO reinhabil
the pbneL
I look forwllr<l to a lime when children learn IO love leaming, when
they arc iniegmtcd into ihe life of their communities and when !hey Ill'!:
openly adcoowlcdged and supponcd ror the grC&l comnbutions they mlllcc to
our lives. 1 imagine a ume when people enj()y learning a> much ttbout lheir
loctll ccosySlCITI as they now blow about the plol developments of the lalCSI
soap opelilS and lhe lifcstyles or lhc rich and famous. I envision a time: when
bUIDQll betn.gs 1cam LO QCCepl I.be Cllc:1 lha1 !hey tnhab11 one small niche m the
pta& an:le of the eanh's ccosysicm end therefore leam IO uucmct m loving,
Drllwmp by Sheli Lodge
Love,
Pc1ctOay
16 Jarrow Plac;c
Christchurch 3 New 7.ea1ruld
�Earliest February I begin
searching along a neighbor's hedgerow
for just a tendril of the coming miracle.
Or gatlog as one stricken upon the si Us of morning
when the fir'lt dreamy memories of daffodils return.
l breathe a wisp of a vast movement stirring and alluring me.
Deep in e veins of southern sloping woods.
I know beside the coldest laughing waters
bubbling and glittering in the soft. buucry sun
some rich, mysterious. fragile awakenings unfold.
Long before the geese come winding surely homeward,
I discover and behold an anicle of r.ransfonnation
that by narure disregards mere joy or faith or sorrow,
to which uncr defeat or sheer victory remain the same.
So even in this old hean of winter full of woes.
the barrer1 season ofdui.t and frost is washed clean away.
And this, I suppose. is why l wander seeking ccnitudc.
ruming a 11one over by the path, or gazing above treetops.
or gliding clflike lhfouJh the forest's solemn ~lonnadtli.
for in this ~un-goW rime as the eaith starts siirring,
c:ven the ~' n dcith of my brother is cased and gree
the
ve, delicaie, relentless mari:h of Spring.
Alt. 1i\U..
~ '""
1'4Wah )ournal p«UJe 28
- Mitliattl Hockaday.
Sp rlfMJ, l 989
�Planet Art
conunucd rrom page 1
Christina then found Leigh Hollowell who had srudied Contact
extensively on the West Coast and who was also very interested
in seeing Contact happen in this area. Leigh enthusinstically
agreed to co-teach a ContAct class with Christina. They knew
that if they wanted to have people to do Contact with, they would
have to help create a Contact community first.
Leigh love:; Contact because "it's natural - it'~ not based on
socialized preceptS but on an open exchange with other people in
the reality of the present moment." She is aware that for many
people dance classes and physical education have been
emotionally painful and repressive, because they were not
encouraged to learn their own natural movement but to imitate
others. Her main goal is "to provide a positive movement
experience for people so they can become friends with their
bodies and learn to perceive it as a resource of creativity."
I asked her how she felt that Contact would affect the
larger community, and she said. "Because it is not based on any
one culture's movement and is a form naruraJ to all human
bodies, it is an effective way to trunscend barriers between
people..• it would simply create a more trusting, and therefore
more peaceful, community."
l have been panicipating in this dance class since
November and have been able to experience it "first hand". ln
Contact dance, we maintain a ''point of contact" with another
person, and it constantly shifts as both move. When we try to
control where the movement goes with our minds, it becomes
stiff and awkward. When we stop trying to control and simply
focus on the point of contact, that point guides us in a flowing
way towards movements that are easy and spontaneous. Our
minds are shocked at how well we can do without their control.
Imagine a society in which we allowed our interactions to come
from our point of connection instead of our differences!
For more information about Contact Improvisation, call
Leigh Hollowell at (704) 252-4475.
Art here in Karuah has begun to reflect the reality of our
connection wilh the planet.... making art-all fonns of creative
expression and ritual-a pan of our daily lives. By
acknowledging the sacredness of our co-existence with the rest of
~Water Systems
WATER PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT
SOLAR PRODUCTS
Membar NC Water O~lty AasoclaOon
RANDALL C. LANIER
704-293-5912
HWY 107
RT 68 BOX 125
CULLOWHEE, NC 28723
che universe, we are beginning 10 harmonize with it
Many of us, though, have closed off our energies to the
vision of a hnrmonit.ed planet because it seems so elusive and far
away, and we don't like feeling disappointed. Others have
refused to sec and accept the truth of the planet as it is because il
is painful .. and think that if they "shut their eyes it will go away.•
The tnJth 1s that the sooner we open our eyes and accept what is
there, the more effectively we will be able to deal with iL
In a book called The Path of Ltas1 Resistance, a simple
and effective method for manifesting a choice is given. This
method can apply lO planetary as well 3S personal mmsfonnation.
lt is lO constantly hold in our minds two things ... exactly what
our vision is and the full truth of our current reality. It is based
on the idea that "in order 10 ge1 where you want to go, you need
to know where you are."
Since we are all planet anisrs, this technique needs to be
widely understood. As we hold our vision firmly in mind and
continue to acknowledge what's happening now, new nod
unexpected ways of achieving our goals will come to us. Jn order
10 do this, we need co be aware of the deep, undercurrent
regenerative processes that exist around and within us that we can
tap into. As more and more of us choose to love and accept our
planet and all her inhabitanlS no matter what is happening, the
easier it will be.
A lot is happening in our region, and J'm sure there are
many more people here with ideas and enthusiasm to contribute
towards a biorcgional program of Planet An. Some suggestions
arc... a traveling multi-media show that would tour the region to
network and share bioregional idens...communicy rituals for
healing the la.ad... restoring our environment with "Clean-Up
An" events... synchronizing with planetary peace and art events
... All Species Day with parades and festivals ...Joining in the
preparations for Earth Day '90. There is no linu1 to what we can
dol...there is no shonage of things to rcharmonizel
It's time to find out who we all are as anists and get our
networks in place. At the next K.atuah Gathering we can come
together and bntinstonn. t can be contacted by wrirtng P.O. Boll:
278, Asheville, North Carolina, KatUah Province 28802 or _,,
~
calling (704) 253-4831.
~
DE.S IGNS
by Rob Messick
Illustration & Design
In Pen & Ink and COiored Pencil
Po eox 2eoi • Boone Nt. 28W7 • 171l41r...i 1>0117
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For ADULTS and CHILDREN
Clothing, Fabric A.rt and Miracles
ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED
NATURE DESIGNS
A DIVERSE COLLECTION OP WEARABLE ART
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l\ta&icRob6
CALLor WRITE for
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_A,. ......,.,
tfubal Bdts
THE ALTERNATIVE HEALING HOT-LINE
l -800-544-4980
/\ lrtt 10 thl' public rel~rr.&1 servi~ •Ml N•llnn•I wrtlnt"<~
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•• J,. n1....1.•., P..,..1 /J.,
"ATIONAL DIRECTORY OF HOLISTIC
PRACTmOSERS. HEALt::RS, SCHOOL<;,
CENTERS & RETREATS
l'bollt' I~ HOT-UN£ fo Rr>d Cltli how yo1it pr•cti«,
s.chool, ~&Jina anter or tt1"'111 nn be Usitd in the
N•tloMI Oirttto •
Sprl.fMJ, 1989
.u
Jler/Jg11J111 eti1tit
'lljaee, 'Ry~r 'Na@r~
FREE COLOR CATALOG
e1ti1te1t At11p1Utct11re
Drt~PillOW'I
Appliqu&I &: Painted Deslgns
Fur R/J1111I, ThtalT~, & S11f-&mpow1rmtt11
Send S 2 ror fuU-<:olor caulog/ Custom onlcrs llYlilablc
t>en l.se New&oTJI.
P.O. Box 178, Asheville, NC 28801
(70-4) 25).431
�POPLAR APPEAL
Green City
conunucd rrom p.9
cooler in the summer. and it wai. quieter - if you knock on steel and
then knock on a soybean, you unders1and the sort of deadening
chMIClerislics on the inside of lhat car.
The dreams of Henry Ford and the rest of the chemurgy
movement were postponed. but they seem to be resurfacing again.
Russell Buchanan. a scientist in Maryland, envisions the rise of
botano-chemical complexes, as he calls them, rather than
pcrro-chemical complcitcs, as we learn to eittract from cellulose the
same things that we extract from pcuoch~micals. One ts a
hydrocarbon; the other is a carbohydrate. Compare these words and
they're basically the same. One of the differences. however, between
a botano·chcmical complex and a pcrro-<:hemical complex is that it's
easy 10 transport oil over long distances, whereas it's not easy to
transport plant mauer over long distances. So botnno·chemical
complexes will tend to be locally based and rurally based near their
sources of raw material~ and supplies.
Local self-reliance can become an economic developmem
strntegy, and cities ate the best place to try it out, for several J'C3.'\0llS.
Mose of us live in cities. Cities tend to be large enough 10 have an
internal market, and can in fact become laboratories. Cities are
concentrations of science and technology. They have the ingeouil\',
the expertise and the machine toolshops to build prototypes and try
them out. Bur what is your nearest city's research and development
budget? h's probably zero.
The local self-reliance scenario is not inevil3ble nor is it even
probable. It depends on political decisions. Economic development
must be seen as a means to an end and not an end in itself. Alben
Einstein once said that perfection of means and confusion or cods
characterize our age. We're so mesmerized by technology and
development that we forget to ask, "Technology for what?" and
"Development for whom?" We have become consumers of change,
bul we don't know the difference between change and ,erogress. To
Bertrand Russell progiess is ethical and change ls scientific; change is
inevitable, while progress is problematic. In other words. progress is
valw:·laden and as we change, we need to ask ourselves, "Will we
progress?" We can have a green city within a brown world by
moving all or our production and disposal systems for away from our
city. But 10 truly embrace the ecological motivation behind a green
city, we must ~ome responsible for the wastes that are generated
for our convemence. And the only way to do that is 10 begin 10 return
that loop of production, use and disposal, b.'ICk to the community.
Marcel Proust once said that the voyage of discovery consists
nm In seeking new lands but in seeing with new eyes. It is in seeing
O!Jf communities and our citi~s with new eyes, in pursuing a globe of
Vlllag~s and not a global village, that we begin to create a new
paradigm.
@ lnsli1utc for Local Sclf·Rcli:incc. 2425 Ulm Sucet, t<W WllSbinguin. DC
2000!>. Also w1lh pcnnission fl'Ofll Raise IM Stt1lls. Planet Drum Foun<bLinn,
P.O. Box 31251, San fran(isco, CA 94131. This anlclc appc:arcd 1n Winter 19118
issue.
M.El>1.CtNE ALLtES
'J-SK1.1t'J
tQllUnued from page 11
h wru; always a rare
oy~rer mushrooms - that is.
und special occasion when I found
until I su1J1cd roaming the hills with
my older mounuineer buddy Theron. Theron was rai~ed
gathering roots and herbs at his grandmother's knee, and he
knows the woods well, but he had ulw11ys been wisely hesitant
about sampling unidentified wild mushrooms •tllc first few times
in our wanderings when we found some oyster mushrooms.
Theron would help me gather them and he would carefully
examine them, but be always declined to share the harvest nnd
rnke some home to em. However. after heming me talk so much
about how good they were (and seeing that I was still thriving),
he finally tried some. He and his wife enjoyed them immensely,
and from then on it seemed that. with Theron's help, I was
hardly ever without oyster mushrooms.
From Theron I learned 10 visit areas 1ha1 had been logged a
few years previosly and look on tulip poplar stumps after a spell
of rainy weather. In the$C Meas we could find man)' pounds of
the savory mushrooms in any season of the year. We often found
enough to dry and store for times when the fresh ones were
scarce.
When Theron and I sn down together and share a meal of
oyster mushrooms and other wild edibles, I think about what a
strongc pair we make: me, a naturalist from the Oat land with a
university education, and him, a tradjtional mountain wood~man
and fanncr who barely finished eighth grade. Yet we both realize
that if we hadn't met and been open and receptive 10 each other's
knowledge. neither of us would be earing this delicious wild
mushroom supper. Traditional knowledge and book learning can
go well together.
©1989 by the tlJ.Uhor.
Reprl111edfrom Wildlife in North Carolina Magazine.
"Ranger Doug" EUiolt, as he is known to rite cltildren i11 the
group, is an excellent naJuralist, but is also known as a lively~
storyteller and ''a real nice feller."
p
A Directory to
North Carolina's Natural Areas
(published by 1.he NC Natural Heritage Foundation)
As pan of its important work in rare and endangered
species identification and habitat preservation, the North Carolina
Natural Heritage Foundation, a non-profit organization, has
compiled the guidebook, A Directory to North Caroli11a's Namral
Areas. The compact guidebook features dC!ieripcions of more than
100 natural areas open to the public in the state. The descriptions
of each aro:i include infonnntion about natural history, geology.
1111d uuvcl information.
To obtain copies of the book, send S5.00 10 the NC
Natural Heritage Foundation; Box I I 105; Raleigh, NC 27604
Each is tl1c suongcst power 1n iis own domain.
Together !hey lll'C allies: !heir C1111tgics complement each
01hcr m rorm an e\'et1 greater power. As medicine ollics,
they rcpre«ent 1he hc;Uing powers of lbC Appalnahian
In lhe tr.1d1uonal Cherokee Indian belief, lhe Moun1:11ns.
TI111 medicine powers of Kl!uiah Juve been depicted
crca!Ure\ in the world lOclay arc only d1minu11.ive forms or
the mythic beings who once mlUlbucd the world, but who in o ~1r1l.;ing T-shin design by Ibby Kcn11:t. Printed in
now fC$idc in Oal11na'IJ, lite 5pmt world. the highest 5-coloc silksi;irccn by Ridgerunncr Nnwr.ils on top qu:ility,
he;ivcn. BuL • few of the ongmal powcr~ broke lhrough !he all-couoo shin.~. 1hcy arc avallnble now in all adul1 shes
!!p1riLUAI barrier and exist yet m the world a~ we know il. from KALANU; Boit 282; SylYll, NC 28779.
These beings arc called with rcv.:rcncc "grandfalhas" And
or tl1cm. the suonges1 arc K.allilti, lhc ligh1mng. thc power
Pl~ specify ~ir.t: Sm .• Med., Lg.. X·Lg.
or the sky; utsa·nau, 1he r:mlcsn:tke, who pcrsoniries the
Prke: S9.SO pOStf131d
power of lhc cnnh pL'lllc: lllld Yunwi U!ldi, "I.he li1Llc !Mn".
W.98 pns1pa1d for NC re.-i!knts
as ginseng is called in I.he S!Crcd ceremonies. who draws up
JlOYo er from lhc underwocld.
"To .f/ww TU~l"lftx lhlS lll{lctflOllll'DI /Tinily of thl:
Miura/ world iJ 10 111 111111 bcc0t1v t111 ally tn thl: con1i11w11g
fll'OUS!. of niai111<Un111g harmony and bal1111Ct htrt 111 thl:
moll/IJJJJJU of Ka1Uah"
Spri.f19. 1969
�Emironmcntol Politics:
11Vlou.nttiln Ug'hl H!!:twork
Lessons from the Gras.'>routs.
Bob Hall. Editor
Mountam Light Network is an eclec1ic, 1n1entionally
group of people living in the Kaulah srea. Th<:
tntercsts of the group include 3 deep commilnlCnl to 1nd1vidu:il
llnd planct:u) peace. and to ecological hannony, with emphasis
on coopera1ion between human, animal, plant and mineral
kingdom~ . Other areas of interest include subtle energies,
h~::iling, and techniques for utilizing new forms of power. Many
w11hin t~c: g_oup n:lion::ite wi1h N?tive Indian philosophies and
r
;;eek to h~c in ~~c1ous balanl'c ~nh the land. The mu;ority are
involved in hohsuc heallh, explonng new paths now developing.
Some _ re invot:--ed in the Anciem Wisdom and spiritual
a
<li-•c1phnes. Survival and food 11toragc are also of interest to
many individuals
We meet 4 times a year at the Franklin Communitv Center
on Sundays. at 2:00 PM near the Sol"iccs and Equino11tes. There
iU'C tables for those who wish to 5ell products or promote ideas;
many books arc available a!; welt. We feature a speaker at each
meeting. We have a directory of names. skiUs and intrn-~1~ Our
aim is to provide a time and place for communication and
exchange of ideas to become neighbors in a loose-I.nit network
of people in our area.
Part1c1pauon in meetings is free and open to all people of
Like mind. This year our meetings an: on March 19, June 18.
September 17. and Dcccmbct 17, 1989. For more anform:uion,
call (404} 746-2454.
~structured
ln.'itltule for Soul hem Studies, P. 0. Bo>< SJl,
Durham. f\C 17702. 1988. ~7.00. 12? pgs.
Whal can you do when an our·of·slalc corporation
an_nounc~
plans for a hazardouli was1c rrearment facility a few
nulc:s from your home. or when stare officials ~ay 1hey wan1 to
pave 11 highway through your neighborhood? Where can you
mm for help if real esta1e developers wuh close ties 10 local
politicians decide to build a condominium or shopping center in a
sensitive water;hed are;i?
_
How much energy should you devote 10 door-to-door
organizing, or seeking auention from the media, or gelling
involved in elecrorul pohtics?
For rhe past three yc:.m;, lhe lns111u1e for Southern Studies
has conducted an investigation of environmental and land·u>e
controversies in one state, Nonh Carohna. rn a remarkable
number of cases. locnl citizens groups · even lhosc in relatively
!solatcd. rural areas • have won s1gnifican1 victories ag:unst
1mpress1ve odds. They h:ive beaten well-endowed corporations
and forced state policym:ikcu to change regulations, enforce
ex1snng standards, and enact new laws.
_Th~y have built ad hoc coalitions and enduring
orgamzauons, occas1onally across rucc lines, more often across
class and cultural divisions within the white community. And
they have moved from crisis-oriented, hit-and-miss organization
to sophisticated political lobbying and effective electoral activi~m.
The key ingredients of these successful citizen-led
camprugns are described in dwlll in the first chapter. The next 10
chapters chronicle the episodic. fragmented, yet growing
cnv1rorunental movcmenr in consc.rvwve North Carolirui. The
focus h less on the grim threats to life as we know it than on why
pe~p~e respond, whar they do to win, and how grassroots
acuv1s_m and electoral politics (including lobbying and voter
educanon) imersec.1 to produce i.nstitutionru change.
The result 1s a storybook of grassroots experiences. a
handbook that lets our own past teach us bow to wodc. for a bener
future. And while the location may be Nonh Carolina, the
common lessons running through these stOrics are plainly uc;cful
to people throughout the Soulh Md beyond.
- excerpted from tlie preface
,..0 &..ot4(;t" WA.) I " '
..nw i-c.t
t,_f
------
TPC.. two ~Kt H~O M&.L.01.0
AMO I loll', 1' C.111''1 HO!ISf..l
SprL119. t 989
JUST RECEIVED'
Mountain Treasures at Risk:
The Future of lhe
Soulh~rn
Appala&llian Nalional Fonsts
by Laura E. Jackson
The N:uional Forests of the Southern App11lachian
Mountains are the last remaining habitar area available for many
species of pl3Ilts and wildlife. The book Mountain Treasuru ot
Risk says that these valuable habitat areas should be managed
from a regional viewpoint and offers valuable infonnation tQward
rcaliting n new vision for forest management which emphasizes
the values of life suppon and ~gional biodiversity.
Handsomely bound, profusely documented with photos,
tables, and charts.
Copies free on requ~t from The Wilderness Society; 1819
Peachm:c Rd NE (Suite 714); Atlanta, GA 30309.
... Katuah Journal is not just lull of Information. It is
also full of images, and we appeal to all visual artists
interested in ennching lhe pages of this journal, plus some
exposure for you, to send us copies of your work Many
times we need graphic images that are specific 10 a given
article, yet there Is often space to put Images that are not
specific You would be surprised the kinds of
synchronicities that can happen when you send wori< in•
Drawings in Ink. prints, photographs, borders, symbols.
and cartoons that you think have some relevance to the
journal are all welcome Don't be shy. we need your talent
and image·ination to help visual-eyes a clearer relation
with Katuah ...
�evencs
2-8
BRASSTOWN, NC
Spring Music and Dance Week. Music.
StOries, dance, nature. John C. Campbell Folk School
28906.
8
BLOWING ROCK, NC
Ocan-up of the Glen Burnie Falls Trail .
Blue Ridge Group. Sletra Club. Call (704) 264-3931.
MARCH
8·9
HIGHLANDS, NC
Chiefs from the Native American
Elders Circle meet at the Mountain to discuss
Ecology and An. ''TIJU care how you place your
17-19
moccasins upon tM Eanh,step with care,for the
faces oftM I unve generarions are looking up from
Earth waiting their turn for life." $137. The
FARNER, TN
Leam "Wild Foods and Earth Medicines" with
Snow Bear at Pcppcrland Farm Camp: Sw Route: Farner,
37333. (70<!) 494-2353.
™
IJ.16
GATUNBURG, TN
Womyn·s Weekend Rctn:at: Spccilll Gu=
Grey Cal, Lucinda F1odin. Write 10 P.O. Box 936:
Gatlinburg. TN 37738 for more info.
Mountain; 841 Highway 106: Highlands, NC
28741 (704) 526- 5838.
NEW MARKET, TN
sn> (Stop the Poisoning!) School a1 the
Hishlander CcnlCf. Learn bow to figllt 1nduslrinl pollution
For more info, call (615) 933-3443.
30
UNICOI, GA
"Spring Earth Skills Workshop''
with Snow Bear, Darry Wood, Doug Elliott, and
Yanna. Leaming the ways of the woods. $65.
Comact Bob Slack at (404) 878-2201.
31·1
HENDEltSONVILLF., NC
Workshop on Local and Regional Land
Trusis. Kanug.a Episcopal Center. For more info call
(704) 692-9136.
WAYNESVILLE, NC
Kanna m Daily Life-A Spiritual Rctrcal,
with John Algeo. Stil·Light Tbcosopbieal RCllC41 Cent.er,
Rt I, BOA 326: Wayncsy1lle, NC 28786 (70<!) 452-4569.
Neighborh ood" confcronce sponsored by Asheville
League of Women Votcts. Time and place TBA. Call (704)
258-8223.
ASHEVILLE. NC
A six-we.:k course. "Finding Your Path
with HC3rt", begins a.t the Spiritual Growth Foundation.
(sce4/l). The focus will be on finding our "lruC vmce• and
expressing Lhc lifc-affinmng energy of l1W" Heart's desire.
17·18
ASHEV l LLE, NC
Red Foll/Second ll.311gin', play prcscnltd by
I.be Roadside ThcatTC. S)l3rU'lnburg. SC. For ume and
location. call (606} 633-0108.
nLACK MOUNTAIN, NC
Robm Williamson. •a wl1.lltd of words and
music:.· "'I h~ hunter ond the hu11ted howl 011e howl.•
McDibbs'; S6 tdYanc~ door. 8pm, 119 Cherry Si.,
Black Mtn., NC 28711: (704)669-2456.
ASREVlLLE, NC
" Betw"n a Rock and a Hard Place:
Westtrn
No r th
Carolina's
Noclur
17
14-16
21-23
IS
ASHEVCLLE, NC
"Cut lhe Clearcutting!" says
WNCA. From 1t am. Music, dancing, speakers.
City/County Plaza, Asheville. Write Western
North Carolina Alli:lncc; Box 18087; Asheville,
NC 28814, orcall 258-8737
15
ASHEVILLE, NC
The Enrth First! Road Show wilh
Roger Featherstone and Susan Grace Stoltz,
audio·visuals, news on EF! issues and actions.
Lipinsky Auditorium, UNCA. 7:30 p.m.
Students $1. General admission $3. For more
info, call (704) 251-6144.
18
31·2
APRD..
1·30
CHEROKEE, NC
William Holland Thomas.
"little
ASlll-:VlLLE, NC
Hum.an Potential Education Foundation
Spring 1989 Conference, "Healers and the Healing
Proces:~." For regiwation and brochure conw:c Human
Poumlial Educlllion Foundation, Inc.: R1. s. 89 Tt1nyrud
Rd.: Greenville. SC 29609.
white
chicr or lhe ChclOkec. cxhibiL OicroJcoe H~14Sc MUNCwn
and GaJlcsy.
I&8
28-30
ASHEVILLE, NC
'Commumcation and Healing." a lWO·Jllll
28-30
NEW MARKF.1', TN
STP (Stop I.he Poisoning!) School Bl the
Highlander Ccntcr. Learn how to fight tndu.suial pollution.
~3/21-23.
wotlcshop focusing on inner commumon and outer
communicauon as Yilal tools for bcaling ourselves Md our
rclalionsh1ps.
10-Spm each day.
Led by Richard
l.owenlhBI. M. A. Spiritual Growth Foundation: 891
Haywood .Rd. (704) 252-3508.
2-5
PISGAH FOREST, NC
Rockclimbing clinic for beginners
Tedmiques, safely, gear. S28S. Eagle's Nest Camp; 43 Hart
Road: Pisgah °Fon:.'ll: NC 28768. (704) 877-4349.
X.~.Jo~
pgqe 52 ·
29-31
FARNER, TN
KATUAH SPRING GATHERTNO.
Come celebrate. dance, play, meet. and talk with
the family from all over the region (see
announcement next page).
mustratlons by Jackie Taylor-
�JUNE
29
MOUNT AIRY, NC
18th
Annual Ml. Airy Fiddler~
Convention. A weekend of lrod1tion:il Appal3chian Music.
Bring instruments. tenlS, food. Regiwruion SlO.
2-3
SWANNANOA, NC
Environmental Summit '89: Ethics,
Economics and the Environment. This 5th annual
summit will focus on environmental problems of
immediate interest in WNC. and on how
environmental and economic realities affect each
other. Keynote speaker: David Morris of the Inst.
for Local Self-Reliance. Warren Wilson College.
9am-4 pm. $5. For more info or to preregister call
(704) 298-3325, ext. 250.
9· 11
CLOUDLAND CANYON
Caving weekend w11h Snow Bear as
instruc1or and guide. Equipment provided. Call (704)
494-2353 for more info.
9-11
WAYNESVILLE, NC
"Mythology - The Modem Search for the
Holy Grail" with Joy Mills. Stil-L1ghL See 3/31-4/2.
MAY
llRASSTOWN, NC
June Homecoming Music/Dance Weck.
English counuy dancing wi1h Jim Morison. John C.
Campbell Folk School, 28906.
11·17
5-7
WAYNESVILLE, NC
"Music as Meditation" with Diana
Dunningh:un. S20/day. Sul-Light Center: See 3{31-4/2.
21-25
HIGHLANDS, NC
Nature Photography Workshop.
Prc.rcgisicr. Appalachian Environmental Ans Center. Sec
5/12-14.
6
LINVILLE, NC.
Grandfather Mountain Prorilc Trait
wildflower hilce. Blue Ridge Group, Sierra Club. Call (704)
2974098.
6-10
PISGAH FOREST, NC
Whi1ewa1cr Canoe Clinic for novices and
m1crmedia1es. $455. Sec 4/2-5.
12-14
lllGllLANDS, NC
Spring Landscape Retreat Photography
Workshop. Pre-regisicr: Appalachian Environmental Arts
Ccnicr; Drawer S1l0: Highlands. NC 2874 I (704) 526-4303.
19-21
BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC
The Black Mouniain Spring Festival.
Three days of traditional music and dnnce at Black
Mountain College/Camp Rockmont. Brave
Combo, The Horsenies, Grandmother, David
Wilcox, Phil and Gaye Johnson. For advance
tickets call Grey Eagle and friends, (704)
, 669-4546 from 2pm- IOpm.
o~ ~3. &q o.ncL 3o
o± -p e.p~et' la.rd.. ~ t()J\ft'l
7f.n
~
u.a -to
~~N.b..ooY
19·21
flfGllLANDS, NC
Wildflower Pho1ogruphy Workshop.
Pre-rcg1s1er. Appalachi$ Env1Tonmcnt.al Arts C..:nicr. Sec
qy'~
5/12-14.
u.ou.aL I~~
~ o..cliN~ a.r0.wo¥k shO(:.>s ~ o...d.uJtto
19-21
MILLBORO, VA
EARTH FlRST! Appabchian Rendezvous.
Talk, drum. s.we au things wild. For more info, write: Box
2(>6; Millboro. VA 2.4460 or call (703) 997-9448.
BRASSTOWN, NC
May Crafl/l)ance week. John C. Campbell
Folk School 28906.
27-29
WHITTIER, NC
Cclebralion on lhe land al Union Acres
Communuy. All friends of Kauiah welcome. For more
Info., ca11: Cynthia and Roy Gallinger, (704) 293-9230.
spil.NJ,
1989
µ~~.
~ u.;tl.L ~ -t:hL-
NEW MARKET, TN
STP (Siop the Poisoning!) School a1 lhe
Highlander Ccnier. Leum how IO figh1 indu.~trial poll111Jon.
Soc3nl-23.
19-21
21-27
().rd_
a.rd. ch.U.dA.t.n '
Pre-registration, by April 15: $15.00 adult
$10.00 child under 12
After April 15:
$17.00 adult
$12.00 child under 12
.For mon: infonnalion,
write: Snow Bear and Khallsa; Pepperland Farm Camp; Siar Route: Farner. TN 37333
or call: (704) 494-2353 or (704) 586-3146
�vfEBWO~
SEEKING TO JOIN OTHERS m a mlllllally -.upponivc
comml.INly. Singl.c mamn: womon. ll'lis1-1eac.htt can offer
skills: early childhood education. llU, earth llb111:, wri!Jnl
Wn1c Alwyn MosJ., 1007 Turner SL, Blacksburg, V/>
24060: ("10'3) SS2·6331
VAGABOND GUJBETR01TTNG Stale of tlw Art.
Revised Edition., by M.L. Endicoll. One of lhc moll
compRhensivc insuucticm manua!J ror <yro uavelcrt
SUS; Enchlridlon lntemational, Cullowhcc, NC 28723
ASCENSION Beg1111ttr's Mon.uJJ. a self-help boo1t for
auaining lhc touchable ruii1y of lhc ASCENDEO <taic.
usually lhou&ht to be bt!yood Raeh. By Theodore A
lluoody, Ir~ $13.SO pp; &lcctic: Pren, 205 Pigeon SI.
Waynesville. NC 28786.
WlNCS WAY bttbal products. For pnce list. wme: Box
1477; Old Fon. NC 2.876Z
EUSTACE CONWAY- Ou.ide and !Udler of (ll1lnit1ve
£arlh Skills wilh cmphasi.t on rue blll1dln,. hide tanning
she.Iler. and fongilla. He ILachti at public schools, parks
cnvimnmencal oont.en, .and cJuscs ol .all tinds. For tllOl'C
informllion coniact lum II' 602 Deerwood Drive,
Oastonii. NC 28084 or oall Allcln Sianlcy al (704)
872-7972
FUTONS by Simple Pte.uuru affordably priced. Send
SASE for Info io: Sunplc PICU\lrtJ: RL I. Box 1426
Clayton. GA 30S2.S (404) 782·3920.
APPAJ..ACHIAN GINSENG CO.• sua.tified seeds.
PEPPERLAND ofrcn a variety of ouldoor cdu.eation
po,grams for chl.Wdl, school. or cMc gn>Up& ycu· round.
Wo will help you ~pl a pogrom for your group. Send
for infonnwon J*1c.ct to: Pcppcrland Fum Camp; Sw
RoUlA!; Farner, TN 37333.
R£AllERS' REACTIONS AND INSIGHTS wanic.d
i.ganling lhc "consum«" culun we five in, and lhc idea of
"consumaism" u a lifestyle.. Plcue write to Richard
Lowenthal, 53 Greely St.. Asheville, NC 28806 (or call
seedlings. roots. Send for price li51 io: P.O. Box S47
Dillsboro, NC 28725.
M. TR& DESIGNS: UlllSIJlliom and Der;gn • Beyond lhc
p!l&CS of lhis journal, I work DI penal. colored ponril. ink. QI\
paper. md t.lik. F'mc and graphk an to cxircu and cnh...,.,
our livea. Logos, btochuru, boob. ponnl1ure, window and
wall h&ng~. Concct Manha Tree (704) 7S-4-«l97.
STit.·UGHTTHEOSOPHICAl..RETREATCENTER -a
qu1c1 spaeo for JlC'nOnal medilali<m, aniup inc.cractioo
lhrough study, and community .-011<. and spintual
smiinU$, Contact Leon Frankel; Rt. I. Box 326;
Wayncs•ilk. NC 28786
WANTED: LAND 111 WQt.cm NC. Famlly f«b Sor mon:
ICtCS. prd"crobly near Cullowhee. IO pr<S<TVC and evcnlll.ally
inhllbil. U}'OU have or kno..•of afford.&blc l111d, oonlll:t Bob
llld Miry Davis; 213 Wcrunorcland Cc., Ccorgetown. KY
40324 (502) 8634167.
MOON DANCE FARM HERBAl..S · herbal salvC$,
tinc1111cs. & oil• for b1nh111g a: family health. For
bcochure, pt.,,.e wrii.:: Moon Dance Farm; Re. I. Box
726; Harnpcon. TN 37658
FREE t..ABOR • I would like ID learn about beekeeping and
building New Ag< Housing Willing to wo1'k for free during
summer. All I ask b a pl- for my tcnl and .., occasional
muL Con11e1 ClvU Irwin; 1712 Whhc /we.; Knoxville:. TN
37916 (6lS) 673-0653.
BUCITT RESISTANT CHESUIUT ·hybrid
AmcricanlCluncS 0wman c:hcstnut treea • blight rcsisW\I
timl>C!r pc>wth form. productive orchard crop wilh luge.
sweet CQily·pcc\ed nuu. Cbutnut Hill l'luncry; RL I, Bo>.
34 l·K: Aadiua, FL 3261.S (904) 462·2820
ORGANTC FERTIUZERS. belts, and arganically-groMI.
local produce 11 the> WNC Pannen' Marked Look for the
FaiJglcn Fanns slllll. units F and 0 in lhc wholesale 1tU of'
lhc F.umcn' Matkrl; 570 BteVud Rd.; Asheville, NC ("104
252-4414
Trudeau Dr.; Mc.Wrc, LA 70003.
CENTEJl FOR AWA.KENlNC scck:ing 2 full-time, live.in
volunlccn w/ main1cnance and/or n11ural food prep
eitpericnce. RmManl. Wri1e; Human Services Allianoc
Bo• IS42; WinSIOn.Salcm. NC 27102 (919) 761-874S.
APPROPRIATE PASSIVE SOLAR des1111. blueprints
and full wor.king dnwings for homes, shopt. and sheds
Cr.,•llve dr1fling .....yow- ideas or ours. Harmony
Sunbuildets; P.O. Bo• 194; Suiv Grove. NC 28697
SONGS OF LOVE ANO NATURE by Ron Lambe
fcawring the voice of Hearuingcr wilh Slcphen Klein,
Pi&no. Lavaul<r Lieder Records; R1 I, Box I JS;
Bakcnvillc, NC 28705. (704) 6884791.
B~c I01J.r111!1 inlo o f«alm of Evolution.ary lodvt:llllD'e
by Pauick Clerk. A inu: -=ounl of a bicycle tnp from
NATURAL FOOD SlORF. for ulc in Brevard, NC.
E•ccllcnt IOCllion. $80,000 CJOS1 sales. Growlh poienti&I
Owncn n10ving. mus1 p•U ii on. Call IDiubcth (704)
293·9534 evcnin&J.
ORCANlC FOOD PRODUCING CO-OP
land.
aqwprncnl, apcrienced fannen provided for members The
Bioclomc Pannet~lup; Rt. 2. Sox 184; Waynesville.. NC
28786. (704) 926-935$.
ECO HELP NEEDED Long 8r111Ch Envlfonmcn1al
Education Ccrue:r D«dJ volwileetlN!ICnlS 10 help "'•lh
orchards, gardens, farmworl. rainbow 1tou1.
cmrgy-efficimc bllild1ng. cnvimnmmtal/wildlifc/pmn1·
cul11m issues and organizing. Room and boatd negntiable.
Paul Calllmoce; l.BF.EC; RL 2. Box 132; ~icc.icr, NC
28748
YOU CAN CO HOME AGAIN· A Down To &rth
JOURNEY INTO THE SLICK.ROCK Wildcmcu Atca
Boys. falhu-son. falher-daughter cxpcdttJoN. Learn
ob<•rvttion and woodcraft in lhe deep woods. Bun
~gay, upericnced guide Slicktock ElpeditionJ; Box
1214; Cullowhec. NC .28723.
AMRITA HERBAL PRODUCTS · Comfrey. EucalyplUS
Oii C.olclcn Seal salve. ~mon ar LA•cncler (ICIC ctam. Medo:
wilh natural and c=nlial oih and love. Send for brochure
Rt I. Box 737; Floyd, VA 24091.
HAND.CARVED WOODSPIRITS. ln)"ucal hiking ital~
FINDING OUR "PATH WITH HEART" c.QI be v11al t0
O\lt health Ind ~•lfoxprasion. I offer guidcl<:e lhrou&h
courueling, spimual 111uncmm1. ..1rolog1cal rcadings
WOJbhops, common·llCJUC ftedbt.ell. For more info or an
appoin1mcnl, call Richard Lowenthal , M.A . (704)
2Sl·2526. Sliding scale fcea.
ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY on bcauuful land~
Cbualccc, NC sr<king r1milirs domring gi:c11tt
c:oopenlicm and self·sufficlen<:y. Based on Jpiricual Ind
ocological valuea. Pcoperty now av11f1ble. Call (404)
77S.S7S4 for info.
Wuhinglon, D.C 10 Ille au1boc's native home of
Cullowbcc, NC. following muah of lhc Bluc Ridge
Parkway. Avai1oblc for $7.95 pose paid from Dandylion
Publicatio111. 47 Pmola. Sc., Ashcvillc NC 28801.
COMMUNION WITH NATifRA • Long proclauncd to be
cclcsual •tan &fOllllding their radiance on Mot.bcr !!viii
flowers ""' the rcvcl11ion of lhc plan!. Come •hllfe in
NATURA'$ sacred play. moyonunUJe facililJtin&. 3931
Hwy 80 S. Toe River, Bunuvillc. NC 28714 ("104}
6~-4806
CARDE.NERS arc ..-UJated t0 v11u our Parad~ Gardens
for insirucuon and inspirauon (!'reel and/or peicmial plan11
sale (cheap). Artisu .re 1nvncd IO c:omtt and c:ru1c 1n tile
gllda> • painUng. drawing. and phDioanplty arc cnMunged
We oho ba,·• • cabin avtJ.IAblc mcxcrumgc for warlcin& in
lhc ganlcn. Mount.m Gardens; 3020 White Oak Creek;
Bunuvillc, NC 28714 (704) 67S·S664.
and wall hAAgmp by SICVc Dunc111 For broch1... plcuc
write Whippoorwill Swctio; llt 4, ~ 981; Manon. NC
28752.
MEDITATION CUSHIONS Crom Carolina M<>mUll
Do.signs. Troditionll ancl mllwblo 1.afus For free bnx:hurc
wrii.e; RL I. Boa 31·8: Hot Spnng1, NC 237<13.
HANDMADE RATTI..ES fot the 'JMlual warrnor or hcal~r
made wilh maic.rial• provadcd by !he animal ltin1dom.
<;:oncact: Jc._ HltnS Bathrict.-; SW Cm.notill AttifilC~
1307 lvcnon St.: Allmta. GA (404) 588-0296
•
INDIAN VAUEY RETREAT· 140 acrci in Blue Ridge
mountains wilh faeilitiea available to rent far group1 or
individual ll!lra!S. dlha 3J.1ided or unstn1C;1Ul1>d. Send for
infom111ion and seasonal c1lo.ndar of h.e aling,
transfl>ITil&live evcnlJ lo: lndu111 Vllllcy Holislic Center
RL 2. Box S8; Willis, VA 24:180
h.Alld TN! Earth Li•ci /lappity Ever After - .caries from
folk lrlditioni all ltOWld the wtidd chosen to help prolt:Ct
all living beings by bringing 111'1 world soc1ecy a few steps
do5Ct to peace and ~l for 1111 fife. Edited by Floar.ing
Eagle Femhcr. $7 .00 ppd. (All profits go IO Clrempacc IJ1A!
!he Pcau Museum.) Order &om: Wages of Peace; 309
704.251 ·2526).
•
MOTHER'S BREATit HERBAL PRODUCTS high
quali1y b"fbal c•"'""· oin1ments, and 011J, lov1n1ly
aa1cd. Send for free brochure 10 Re . 2. Ro• 251. Vllas.
NC2K692
EARTH REACH EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1cae1Un1
pnmitivc skills 10 children md adulu.. Roben Manin. Jr
and JC&1111C Moo!\!'. RL I, Box 178-A. Fcnum, VA 24088.
BEAUTIFUL EUCIUOE MOCCASINS Custom aitcd to
your f~• AO narural ma1erials. Sof!SOle $2.5/lw<holt
SSO. Send tncm& of your fool to Na1ivc American
FoQ1wcar, 47 Panola St., Alhevillc NC 2.8801; 7~
2:Sl·22.SO
WEBWORK!NO is &cc 5""J •ubmis.1u1cu to:
K01"4Jt J<><1rnal
P.O. Bo• 638
ui=ler.NC
Kall!ah Pro"incc 28743
SprinlJ, 1999
•
�The Kaulah Journal wants to communicate your
thoughts and feelings to the other people in the
bioregional province. Send them to us as leners. poems,
stories. articles. drawings, or photographs, etc. Please
send your comnbutions to us at: Katuah Journal; P. 0.
Box 638; Leicester, NC; Karuah Province 28748.
•
The summer issue of lhc Ka11iah Jo11.rlllll will deal with the
meaning of the word "Pence" as a dynamic process lhal can
replace cxisung SU"Uctures of donunation with vibrant new
relarionships.
Please send us descriptions and contact infonnarion for
individuals and groups in your pan of the province that are doing
lhings that are helping co create peace Ill the world.
We would also Hke to know what is your definition of
pence. We would like to get a collection of the mo.~t interesting and
accurate definitions of that elusive idea.
BACK ISSUES
OF KATUAH AV All.ABLE
$1.50
-··
ISSUE FIFTEEN Sprin& 1987
Coverlets - Woman Porcsler - Susie McMdwl
Midwife . Alternative Conlncqmon •
Bio>CJtualily - 81orcgionalism ~ Women Good Mtdic:inc: MmWdlal Clll~ ,_,
WWJ[fl~-
ISSUE THREE SPRJN(l 1984
Sustain.thlc Agriculture . SunOowas Human
lmpac1 on lhc: Forut - Childrcns' Ed11c111ion
Vct0nlca Nicholu·Woman in Politics Llitlc
tsSUESIXTE:EN-Summerl987
Helen Wauc: Poem: Visions 111 • O~ .
Vision Que,r1 - Fim Flow - ln11ia1ion •
1.umina in lhc Wildemeu • Cherokee
Cllallcngc "Valuing T,_.
People. Mcdlrinc Allies
•
ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 198'1
W11c1 !>nun Water Quably Kudtu Solar
Ecli~c Ctc:arcuttin& T1out • C.omg IO W111r1
Ram PllmP" • Mic:rohydro - Pocnu: Bennie
l...ec Sinclair, Jim Wrync Mnlcr
ISSUE EIGITTE.EN WUUO' 1987 88
VcmacuIIT Atchiittl\ITC - Dl'c;ams an Wood Q!
Sione - Mount&Jll Home - E.Ulh l!ncrJi.. •
Eanh-S!u:hcrcd Livmg • Mcmbr- Houses
Brush Shchci - Poems· Ot:to«r Du.d • C'oOOd
ModX:.nc: "Sheller"
ISSLF. FIVE - FALL 191!4
llarv1:11 • Old Ways in Chc1ok"" GinKng
Nuclear Waste: • Our Cchic Hcri1•ge
Biorcgionalism: Put. Ptuc:nt. and Fu1ure Jahn Wilnol)' • Healing Dlltkness Politics or
ISSUE NINETEe.N -Sll'Ulg. 19811
Pcrloandra Cltdtn Spring Tonics · Blueberries
WUdOo11>cr O•rdcns Granny Hcrbalis1 •
Flll"'l:r Es.cncea • lho Origin of lhe Animal :
Stoty -Good Malicmo: "Po.. cr" • Be ATroe
Paructp:iliDn
ISSLIE SIX. WTNTER 1984-85
Wini.:r Soi.ti« Eanh Ceremony· H0<scpiu1u;i,
ISSUE TWENTY · S11m1na. 19811
l'reM!rve App.alathilll WildcnlU.J • Hi,ghbnll
of ltoan - Cel<1 Community - L.nd Trun •
Arthur Miqan School • Zoning 'Wuc • ·'"The
Ridgo" - Fanncrs Ind lhe Fann Bill • Cood
Mcdir.:lnc! ''Lind" · Acid Rain · Duke"• Po..,cr
Play Chaoic< Microhydro ProJCCI
Rt\CT Com1111 ol lhc Llshl • Log Clbm
Roo1a- MoUlll&in Apicullurc: Tho Righi Crop
- W11l1am Tayl11< The Fuiun: of lhc: Forc.t
ISSUE SEVEN SPRING 1985
Su.'ll&JA•blc Ec:onomic:J Hot Srrinp - Worlte;
Ownership - The Great &onomy - Self Help
Crccjj1 Union Wiid Turlt.cy - Rcsponslbl•
lnvuting Workitlg in Ilic Web of Lite
JSSUE EIGtrr - SUMMER 1985
Celebra11on: A Way of Life - Kat\Wl 18.000
Ye&l'J Ago • Sacred Sil.Cl - Follc Ans in lhc
School& - Sun Cyc:l~oon Cycle • Powu:
Hilda Downer Chcsolcu Heritage Caw:r •
Who Owns Appaladlhl?
ISSUENTNE- FALL 1985
The
Wal~
Forest - Thi> Tfl'cS Spc:alt •
Milf&llng Foruts • llcme Logging - Stanmg a
Treci Crop Urb&n Trees · l\oom Btc«I - Mylh
Tane
~-
ISSUE Et.EVEN SPRINO 1986
Community Planning - Cities and the:
Biotcgional Vision - Roc:yclmg Community
Gardening- Floyd County, VA - Ouoliol Two Biottgional Views • Nuclear Suj)plema11
FoiU= Oarne.s. Good MtdldM: Visions
Box - The Wake - TI1c Raven Moclcor
Woodslorc and WildwoodJ Wildom Oood
tsSUETWEHTY-ONE · Fall, 1988
Chc:stnu~ A 1~i.1ura.1 Hl11ory • Rostoring w
Cheiulut. ·p~ orl'rcs<!rvation Uld Praise"
Canunuing the Quesl Farella and Wildlife
Chos1ru111 in Regional 011~1
Chcsuuu
Ruoun:u - Hctb Noic - Good Mcdn:mc:
"Changes 10 C<!me" • Rev~ Wkr# le&~Nls
Medicine: The Sweat lodge
ISSUETBN ·WINTER 19l!S-86
Ka1c Rogas • Circles of Slone • lnicmal
Mylhmalcing - Holl•lic: Healing on Trial
Poem$: Sieve Knaulh • My1Juc Pbc:c:s The
Uklona's Talc:
Cry11al Magic -
Li~
ISSUE FOURTEEN - W-mi« 1986.t7
Uoyd Cul Owlc. Boogers and Mwnmcn - All
!SSUETWENTY TWOWin1ct", l9S8-89
Cilobal Wmnaig and Kat4ah .irire This T~ •
Thom.u Deny on "Biorcgsons" - Eanh E.xcrase Ko~ Loy McWluru:r • All Abundance oI
l'..mplincSJ - LETS • Chninicl.. or Flo)'d - o.ry
Wood lnlcrf!ICW The 9.,.., Clan
ISSUE THIRTEEN · Fall 1986
Ccnlcr For Awakening - Elinbc:th Callari A
Clc:n1lc Dca1h • Hosp>CA! Eincsl Morgan
Dealing Crcalivcly with Dcalh Home Bunal
Species Day - Cabin Fcve1 Uni•aaity •
Homelcu !JI Kaiuah • Homcinadc Hos Wiler
S1ovanJtkCf'5 Narrauvc • Good Meche.inc::
lntmpcci.. Conununication
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - ,,
~UA~
QURNAL
0
-- - - - -
~
--------
For more info: call Mamie Muller (704) 683-1414
Boie 638; Leicester, NC; KatUah Province 28748
Regular Membership........ $10/yr.
Sponsor........................$20/yr.
Contributor.....................$50/yr.
Name
Enc/Med is$
Address
City
Area COde
Sprl.nq, 1989
ro give
this ejforr an extra boost
State
Phone Number
Zip
l can be a local contact
person for my area
Back [ssues
Issue#-_@$2.50= $_ _
Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _
Issue# _@ $2.50 = S_ _
Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _
Issue# __@ S2.50 = $ _ _
Choose any 5 issues:
SIO.OO=S_ _
Complete Set (3-11, 13-16,
18-22)
@ $35.00 = $_ _
XAwaf1 Jou~ncit Pt«J~ ~s
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records
Description
An account of the resource
<em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, </span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. </span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
This resource is part of the <em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1983-1993
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
journals (periodicals)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 23, Spring 1989
Description
An account of the resource
The twenty-third issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on varied topics such as the ancient ways of the first people groups in Appalachia; "Planet Art;" tulip poplar trees; the Black Swan Center; and environmentally-friendly economics. Authors and artists in this issue include: Kim Sandland, Denise Newbourne, David Morris, Doug Elliott, James Rhea, Jerry Trivette, C.B. Squire, Elizabeth Griffin, Gil Leebrick, Michael Hockaday, Sheli Lodge, Rob Messick, David Wheeler, Dolores LaChapelle, Martha Tree, Laura E. Jackson, and Jackie Taylor. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1989
Table Of Contents
A list of subunits of the resource.
Pisgah Village: A Window into Ancient Ways by Kim Sandland.......1<br /><br />Planet Art in Katúah by Denise Newbourne.......5<br /><br />The Green City as Thriving City by David Morris.......8<br /><br />Poplar Appeal by Doug Elliott.......10<br /><br />Clear Sky: A Composite Portrait by James Rhea.......13<br /><br />"A New Earth" by Jerry Trivette.......14<br /><br />College as Community Resource by C. B. Squire.......16<br /><br />Wild Lovely Days: Poems by Elizabeth Griffin | Photographs by Gil Leebrick.......18<br /><br />Natural World News.......20<br /><br />Reviews: Sacred Land Sacred Sex Rapture of the Deep.......23 Stopping the Coming Ice Age.......25<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......26<br /><br />"Sudden Tendrils" a poem by Michael Hockaday.......28<br /><br />Events Calendar.......32<br /><br />Webworking.......34<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
<em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press
Subject
The topic of the resource
Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern
Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern
Cherokee Indians--History
Excavations (Archaeology)--North Carolina, Western
Mixed economy--Appalachian Region, Southern
Poplar--North Carolina, Western
Community development--North Carolina--Swannanoa River Valley
Human ecology in art
North Carolina, Western
Blue Ridge Mountains
Appalachian Region, Southern
North Carolina--Periodicals
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a>
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Appalachian Region, Southern
Is Part Of
A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.
<a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
PDF
Journals (Periodicals)
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1980s
Appalachian History
Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Studies
Book Reviews
Cherokees
Community
Earth Energies
Ecological Peril
Economic Alternatives
Education
Electric Power Companies
Folklore and Ceremony
Forest History
Forest Issues
Geography
Habitat
Hazardous Chemicals
Katúah
Poems
Politics
Reading Resources
Recycling
Shelter
Turtle Island
Villages
Water Quality
Western North Carolina Alliance