1 50 20 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/611c5329c2d57fbec081a3055b83e483.pdf d427579d31967b75dc691d12fb826842 PDF Text Text �� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1c8c6a6859181f74c18d3302ca1f544a.pdf 562488000a07300d117c2498ca83015b PDF Text Text �� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1b35b1ae927a548fb312240608e9113a.pdf 91a3f30e24c31d33a8c0a7ee0242f814 PDF Text Text �� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/760fd89b6ab81610916028a1a1ff42dd.pdf ec0294b1f1f6b65d6db0a5cceb33e7b3 PDF Text Text �� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/24e309540c4877d0b928ca4a9cb28613.pdf 37b846e8dd13fc578dc20545752e7f9f PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force, Volume I, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities Final Report and an Addendum Description An account of the resource These files contain the report (divided into four files) and an addendum (the fifth file) on land ownership patterns and their impacts based on the results from the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey conducted in 1979. This report and addendum were submitted to the Appalachian Regional Commission by the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force in February 1981. The study was conducted in these six states and counties: Alabama: Blount, Cherokee, Cleburne, Cullman, Dekalb, Etowah, Fayette, Jackson, Lamar, Marion, Marshall, Shelby, Tuscaloosa, Walker, and Winston Kentucky: Bell, Breadthitt, Floyd, Harlan, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Letcher, Martin, Perry, and Pike Counties North Carolina: Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Madison, Mitchell, Swain, and Watauga Tennessee: Anderson, Bledsoe, Campbell, Cumberland, Fentress, Hamilton, Marion, Morgan, Rhea, Roane, Scott, Sequatchie, Van Buren, and White Virgina: Bland, Buchanan, Dickenson, Grayson, Lee, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Washington, Wise, and Wythe West Virginia: Braxton, Jefferson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, McDowell, Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Mingo, Ohio, Raleigh, Randolph, Summers, and Wayne Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Alabama Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee Virginia West Virginia Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-02 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Appalachia Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Alabama Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee Virginia https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/686a0e711990094ef481a95be4fa4b71.pdf 3c6846753f8c3418df80922f83923e87 PDF Text Text �� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c5cea85bf3f7d672f725cf8bb95188c5.pdf 7d4754c00f80acf3217b3c8d40b20057 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force, Volume III, Kentucky Final Report Description An account of the resource These two files contain the final report on land ownership for the twelve Appalachian counties in the state of Kentucky that were part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey conducted in 1979. There are profiles for each county and three case studies—on Harlan, Martin, and Pike Counties—in the report. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Kentucky Bell County (Ky.) Breathitt County (Ky.) Floyd County (Ky.) Harlan County (Ky.) Johnson County (Ky.) Knott County (Ky.) Knox County (Ky.) Laurel County (Ky.) Letcher County (Ky.) Martin County (Ky.) Perry County (Ky.) Pike County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-11 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Kentucky Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bell County Ky. Breathitt County Ky. Floyd County Ky. Harlan County Ky. Johnson County Ky. Kentucky Knott County Ky. Knox County Ky. Laurel County Ky. Letcher County Ky. Martin County Ky. Perry County Ky. Pike County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/b1a4d606b303a7a471b4aefd88283b83.pdf dfe6646681268c22cec0ffd34475eb98 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Bell, Breathitt, Floyd, Harlan, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Letcher, Perry, and Pike Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Description An account of the resource This document contains properties in Bell, Breathitt, Floyd, Harlan, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laurel, Letcher, Perry, and Pike Counties as part of the land ownership surveys of counties in Kentucky conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Bell County (Ky.) Breathitt County (Ky.) Floyd County (Ky.) Harlan County (Ky.) Johnson County (Ky.) Knott County (Ky.) Knox County (Ky.) Laurel County (Ky.) Letcher County (Ky.) Perry County (Ky.) Pike County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Kentucky Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bell County Ky. Breathitt County Ky. Floyd County Ky. Harlan County Ky. Johnson County Ky. Kentucky Knott County Ky. Knox County Ky. Laurel County Ky. Letcher County Ky. Perry County Ky. Pike County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf 90978d22d5fa289b13df2cdcf5fd4a21 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Key, 1978-1979 Description An account of the resource This document is the key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey conducted between 1978 -1979. The study covered counties in six states within Appalachia: Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. To view the digital collection of the survey for each county, see the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a>. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Mountains--Alabama Mountains--Kentucky Mountains--North Carolina Mountains--Tennessee Mountains--Virginia Mountains--West Virginia Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Alabama Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee Virginia West Virginia https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/76b17cb6063fdf9b9d6af8699a28edd4.pdf bb5660d59559c865fdeaaf575e560852 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Bell County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Bell County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Bell County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4283814/bell-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Bell County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bell County Ky. Kentucky https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/66a1c0a5a5e2fd93d3d1836e0fb5ee7d.pdf 3d524442c562ae0eb8890b1f852a8b1a PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Breathitt County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Breathitt County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Breathitt County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4285423/breathitt-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Breathitt County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Breathitt County Ky. Kentucky https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/2cf3a9f30e24716b6ddcaa62f0321ecb.pdf cf904e57f92c0bab6307bbdb84abb891 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Floyd County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Floyd County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Floyd County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4291960/floyd-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Floyd County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Floyd County Ky. Kentucky https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/86ae7a1f062f333068dc3e10921d9abf.pdf e0d67d094149a374f846106fab968af5 PDF Text Text �� https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/cad60c70c3617d8dcb2ad2713b76a79e.pdf 7bd8c28cbf0699a4327adb7d27f862d4 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Harlan, Breathitt, and Perry Counties - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource These two files contain data from the land ownership survey of primarily Harlan County, including some data for Breathitt and Perry Counties in Kentucky conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Harlan County (Ky.) Perry County (Ky.) Breathitt County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/6254925/kentucky.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Kentucky Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Breathitt County Ky. Harlan County Ky. Kentucky Perry County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/791afcf5fe7961965a761bc44a032f4f.pdf c2c0fc2b4f9050853a58ad74cd5e8f5a PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Johnson County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Johnson County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Johnson County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4296508/johnson-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Johnson County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Johnson County Ky. Kentucky https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/f846e788cecdbffdafdfa11c3f57eb2e.pdf 80e8ac54e36aed74224b725a5e5a54ef PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Knott County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Knott County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Please note: This survey is missing pages 2-16, 18-20, 22-25, 37-31, 33-39, 41-44, 46-50, and 52-55. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Knott County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4297180/knott-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Knott County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Knott County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/6e320f877c0649091512571d523c482c.pdf 3b5139ee573786a65c45b224c6c6a0bb PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Knox County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Knox County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Knox County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4297187/knox-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Knox County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Knox County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/625d3fc8e8e5593872b329b0b9a9ecb9.pdf 150aa1321b1815c4ce41851095ad33ff PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Laurel County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Laurel County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Laurel County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4297480/laurel-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Laurel County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Laurel County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/db5702e839c11442da4de6852e681c50.pdf 0d048a561f0d7258eec5947dafffce73 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Letcher County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Letcher County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Please note: This file only contains pages 32-36. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Letcher County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4297909/letcher-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Letcher County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Letcher County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/b1351c79974c205974ab764b3074fb51.pdf 965b90cb765cee3479fb47abedb72c5f PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Martin County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Martin County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Martin County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4299939/martin-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Martin County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Martin County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/4dcd8a03a145d47fdac4cee6ed49001f.pdf 77ad35b43d51fee02c266237af1bd786 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Perry County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Perry County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Perry County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4303951/perry-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Perry County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Perry County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/24ccbd4be1240a5003514b22b2fc6b8e.pdf a0ba6079045a1bc9f714478fa4135c3c PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records Description An account of the resource Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Task Force created working groups for each of the six states and selected counties for particular concentration. Within these counties, researchers examined land deeds of plots with 250 acres or more. Nineteen counties were used as detailed case studies. Researchers noted the amount of land, mineral tax rates, agricultural or industrial usage, and absentee, corporate, federal, and local ownership. They also identified over 100 socio-economic indicators to correlate to the various ownership patterns. The results of the Survey were used in the development of two publications: the seven-volume, 1,800-page study, Land Ownership Patterns and Their Impacts on Appalachian Communities (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1981) and Who Owns Appalachia? Landownership and Its Impact (University of Kentucky Press, 1983). The Survey was funded in part by grants from the Appalachian Regional Commission and the Needmor Fund. The Highlander Research and Education Center organized the project, and Appalachian State University was a primary sponsoring institution and handled administrative and fiscal details. This digital collection is only a portion of the Survey-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. Abstract A summary of the resource. Beginning in the fall of 1978, the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force – a coalition of community groups, scholars, and members of the Appalachian Alliance – conducted the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey to examine land ownership patterns within the Appalachian region. The Survey was particularly interested in absentee and corporate ownership and their effects on regional development. The Survey looked at 80 counties within the Appalachian regions of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189">Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985, (AC.104)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The files contained in the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey collection are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Collection AC104, W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials without the written permission of Appalachian State University is strictly prohibited. Please contact the Appalachian State University W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection with specific questions or with requests for further information. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kentucky: Pike County - Land Ownership Survey, 1979 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/189" target="_blank"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records, 1936-1985</a> Description An account of the resource This land ownership survey of Pike County, Kentucky was conducted in 1979 as part of a larger Appalachian Land Ownership Survey. To interpret the survey codes, use the <a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/files/original/ef19961e0205d0cb732c0608b547c18f.pdf" target="_blank">Key to the Appalachian Land Ownership Survey</a>. Subject The topic of the resource Land tenure--Appalachian Region Land tenure--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use--Appalachian Region Land use--Appalachian Region, Southern Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Pike County (Ky.) Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Appalachian Region Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Mountains Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/12212302/appalachia.html https://www.geonames.org/4304226/pike-county.html Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records" href=" https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/78" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Records </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ||||osm Pike County (Ky.) Appalachia Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Appalachian Land Ownership Survey Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Kentucky Pike County Ky. https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/a9de651cc2dc310eed78d533fb4541cd.pdf 3425a522b8e1f54758666b061dfc7733 PDF Text Text AOHP #35^ < Page 1 This is an interview with Mrs. Ollie Blackburn at Todd by Joy Lamm for the Appalachian Oral History Project on March 9, 1973. Q: I already introduced you, but you might tell us how old you are and how long you've been living here. A: Well I was reared in Watauga County. Q: Were you? A: Right up here. What part of Watauga County? Todd was our post office, but we 'uz back up where that girl's camp is. Do you know where it is up the creek there as you come down here"? I don't guess you do. Q: Interlaken? A: Yeah, we lived right on up the creek there. where I grew up. family. JN That's there was twelve of us in the One died when he was little. Daddy raised eleven of us. Momma 'n Seven girls 'n three boys. Q: When were you born? A: I was born in 1&92. Q: That sounds like a long time to some of us. A: Does sound like a long time to young folks, but it �2. don't seem so long to me. Don't seem like it's been near as long as it has been. Q: So did you always live in this part of the . . .? A: I grew up there 'n then after I got out a school, I left 'n went down to Cherryville, Worth Carolina. I'se engaged to Ed when the war come on. to the war. He volunteered 'n went on. ' /fe went ' 'Tlien I went to Cherryville 'n worked till he came back. Got married, 'n then we"' moved to Virginia. lived in Virginia. We But when we were growing up, we didn't have things like we have now in the mountain. I've helped my Daddy roll logs, 'n if we'd saved our timber till a few years back we'd a been a millionaire. But we just rolled our timber up 'n down in the valley 'n set fire to it when it got dry 'n just burnt it all away up the valley. Q: When you were clearing out the pasture - land? A:,: When we were clearing our land up there, yes. Just had about an acre of clear land when my daddy built the house on the land. a man. He had 57 acres. I worked like Daddy when he'd start to work, he'd say, "Come on, boys. Let's go to work." We didn't have no boys until all the seven girls was grown. we had any boys. Q: And then they had the three boys? Before �3. A: Yes, had three boys. I don't know anything in the world to tell about how I grew up. We just worked for a livin. Q: One of the things I was interested in was whether girls were treated differently than boys when you were growing up. A: Well, not that I know of. Q: Did you go to school just like A: We went to school just like the boys, exactly. 'N we all played together at school. have any colored people. Of course we didn't There's never been any colored people lived right around here. My grand-daddies, on both sides, I guess, had slaves, ya know. stayed with 'em after they was freed. But they They stayed with 'em till they died. Q: They did have slaves. Where did they get their slaves? A: Well, I don't know. I guess they bought 'em. I don't know. Q: Did you ever hear any stories about A: No, I never did hear any stories, but I used to go to my great grand-daddies'. them? I mentioned my �grand-daddy, but they lived with my great grand*-daddy ya know. An old colored man lived there"n an old colored lady was there. We used to love 'em just like we loved the white people. We never thought about pushin 'em around or anything. I mean their children did. But they soon left. There used to be a liauor still just about a half a mile, I guess, from our house. Maybe a mile from our house. People went 'n bought their liouor from the still. It was government still then, ya know. Q: How long did it stay in operation? A: Well it went out 'a operation in a little while after- I must have been about 12 years old when he cult. don't know whether it 'uz outlawed then or not ouit. But he had the still. I why he My daddy used to bring liouor in a peck bucket f n they'd drink it with a dipper. Q: Did your daddy help make it then? A: No, he wouldn't make it at all, but he;d buy it. bought it for a long time. ouit buying it. He got saved though 'n We used to go to parties. People loved each other better then than they do now. they were closer. He Neighbors were closer. I mean �Q: Why do you think that was? A: Well. I don't know why. There's just so much more to be Interested in, I guess, than they was then. But we'd maybe all the whole family'd go to a neighbor's house. We'd play games that night till midnight and come home and go to bed. Sometimes we'd go to one of the homes 'n have a da,nce. daddy played. My granddaddy played the violin 'n my daddy played the banjo. nicked the banjo too. Q: My One a my neighbors We had plenty of music. Would all the little children 'n everything join in? A: Yeah, they'd go with us. Well, everybody'd just have a good time. Q: What kind of games did you play? A: Well- we just played dancing games. partner, ya know. a Dartner. Steal your We'd get in .the corners 'n get And we wanted another partner we'd dance over to this one 'n take it away from that one. it 'uz really fun. Oh (laughter) Q: Did the girls steal partners from the . . . .? A: Yeah, the girls would steal the boy 'n the boys the �6. girls, ya see. Q: That could get pretty wild. A: Then we'd go back to our corner, but by the time we got back somebody 'ud be stealin our partner again. That's really a game that's fun. of the time. We had to work. We worked most Not many of the girls in our community had to work like we did in our family 'cause we didn't have no boys. just like boys. We had to work But we got along good. We all loved each other 'n love each other right on. One brother died when he was thirty-some years old. And he's the only one of the family that's died. Q: Do the rest of them still live around here? A: No. I'm the only one that lives in this community. They're scattered. Some of 'em live in Gaston County 'n some in Avery County. Q: When you were going to school or when you were growin up were you taught that women had a certain place in life? A: No. Never heard tell of such a thing.(laughter) Q: Really? Did you have any kind of ambition of what you wanted to do with your life? �7 A: Oh, I wanted to be a nurse. be a nurse. All my life I wanted to But we didn't have money enough, and we's back in the sticks n I couldn't start out here on a wagon or a. buggy to go to Winston or Charlotte or somewhere to get a job. I didn't go. But they got the college at Boone "n a lot of our people went to school and got a good education. I went to a church school over at Valle Crucis. Q: Well that was ouite a trip, wasn't it? Did you live over there? A: No, We went in a steer wagon over there one time. When we got over there, we had a good time. But my sister, (she went with me), she got homesick she ran a.way 'n come home. . years there. I liked it. I stayed three It was an industrial school, ya know. They taught us to do everything. Taught us to make walks around the houses, the school rooms, from one dormitory to the other. They just taught us how to do lots of things that workin people had to do. I learned a lot. didn't learn too much in books. I don't guess. Q: How old were you when you went to school over there? A: I'se 16. �Q: And how long did you stay? A: I stayed 3 years. Q: And so that was really kind of like a college. I mean it was after your regular schools. A: Yes. Q: Where there boys and girls together? A: Yes, no, they just kept girls. school. It 'uz a girls But they had day students that came in. They had boys in the day school. There wasn't no boys that board there. Q: Did they teach you anything about nursing? A: They taught us first aid, 'n things like that. About what they teach in the elementary school now They taught us how to sew, how to embroider, how to keep a clean house. 'N it don't look like I learned much, does it?(laughter) Q: Well did you date fellows when you were in school over there? A: Yeah. Every/time a fellow 'ud come 'n wanna date us we'd date 'em. in a while. We didn't get to date only just onc>e We'd have from seven o'clock till nine �9 of the evening to entertain our boy friends. Our boyfriends could come see us of the day and we'd go take a walk. a. buggy. We didn't have nothing to ride in. but We'd take a buggy ride once in a while. Wadn't no cars then. Just about the year I guess that I left, why cars began to pass. Q: I wanted to ask you your opinion on some things and then I'd like to talk to you some more about your past. Well, maybe I'll ask you this first. How long did you and Reverend Ed court before you were married? A: Eleven years. Q: Eleven? A: That's the reason he's all the time telling us we My Lord. got no business a being in a hurry. Q: Did y'all live in the same community? A: Yes. Just about two and a half miles from here to my house. Q: How old were you when you got married? A: Twenty-five. Q: Was there any special reason why you waited so long? A: Well I didn't wanna get married 'n I don't guess he did. He must not because he went - a.fter we �1Q were engaged we were to be married. Well, we hadn't set any date when he volunteered for the army. 'N he changed his mind when he went - or he tells that. He stayed over in France 'n he got to be an alcoholic. He was a drunkard, he wasn't an alcoholic, but he drank. 'N he liked it so good over there - those girls, ya know, those pretty French girls - he thought he wanted to live there forever. He tells that tale now. When he got dis- charged, he wanted to come home, ya know. knew he wouldn't a gonna be happy. But he That he 'uz goin back over there just as quick as - I don't know, 3 months I guess, leave they got - discharged 'n then if they'd re-enlist before they came out that they could have that long a time to go back. aimed to go back he said. He But I was at Cherryville when he came home 'n he wrote me a card from New York - he knew I was at Cherryville - 'n told me to be at home 'n what time he'd be at home, ya know. I wrote 'n told him that I'd not be at home, I wasn't gonna hunt him up. wanted to come. He could come after me if he So I just stayed down there. So he did, quick as he got home - he spent one night at home 'n here he come on down there. married down there. We got �133. Q: Very shortly after that? A: The very next day after he come home. Q: The next day? A: The next day after he come out a the war. Q: And he never did get back to France? A: No. He didn't go back." He said after he seen me he *uz contented to stay with me. up in the pulpit. He tells that He preaches to these men, ya know, about treatin their wives right, about lovin their wiy.es. 'N he tells 'em if they love'em like they ought to t.hat. , «n then he tells that, ya know, how when he saw me, he didn't wanna go back to France. But that 'uz just a tale he told. So we moved from here then after we got married. We moved to West Virginia, but he was sick with T.B. when they discharged him from the army. I guess we lived in Virginia two years "n he had to quit work there. The doctors told him to go out in the open 'n fish 'n hunt 'n rest. Q: Is that when he went in the Baptist Hospital? A: No. He's sick. in the Veteran's Hospital a year. He stayed A year and four days, I think, that he'uz in the Veteran's Hospital before they discharged him. touch of it since. But he's n^ver had a �12. Q: When you all got married did you kinda divide up the chores? A: Well, I helped him do everything that he had to do 'n he helped me. wash dishes. He helped me do everything except He didn't wanna wash disheis 'n he don't yet hardly. He'll pile the dished up to the top of the sink 'fore he'll wash 'em. (laughter) Q: What are some of the things that he helped ya do? A: .Things he helped me do? Well, he'd make up our bed every mornin when we got up 'n always made the fires n 1 started the stove to cook. He swept the livin room 'n the kitchen 'n the dinin room nearly everytime. He's always helped me. field with him. 'N then I'd go to the When we got our work done here I'd go and help set out cabbage. Q: So he'd help you get everything done and then you all would go together. A: Yes. If we had to make a fence why I'd go with him 'n make a fence. Q: That must have been wonderful to be together like that. A: It was wonderful. We've had a wonderful life, 'n we didn't either one kill ourself with work. �13. Q: Were you raised to believe that you should share all your tasks? A: Sure. My mother always did it. Q: Your mother and father used to work together like that? A: Yes. Well, my daddy, I don't guess he ever washed the dishes even when Mama was in the bed. help her do anything of her work. He never did But I was the oldest child of the twelve 'n I had a lot 'a that to do. They were married in 1$90. Maybe a year later. I was born in 1$92. Q: Was your husband raised in a different kind of family where the husband did help his wife in the home? I mean did his ma and daddy do like you all? A: I don't know. Ed's mother never worked out anywhere, done any 'a his work except milk the cows. had four or five cows to milk. They always She always helped him milk the cows. Q: Well don't you think that helps people stay close together when they work together like that? A: Sure. This here woman a goin this way to work 'n man a goin that way to work, comin in 'n the woman give tee totally out when she comes in. Why, my gosh. see how people take it. (laughter) I don't �14. Q: Well, you're describing me. I don't know how they do either. A: No. I don't see how they - I think they get farther 'n farther apart. We have to counsel with people - just everyday or two we have people comin. The man or the woman one- or the children a comin to us 'n tellin us they just can't make it any longer the way they do. The husband will come 'n the wife's come in before him maybe 'n dressed again'n gone somewhere with the children. 'N the man comes in - Well, I went the other day, they called us to come to a home 'n when we got there the man was sittin there eatin some applesauce 'n bread, I reckon - no cookie, it 'uz a Graham cracker. he had for supper. for supper. Now that's what He told me that 'uz what he had They don't have any home life. think the place for women is in the home. I I know - in a few cases, I think, it'd be all right for the woman to work - where the husband 'uz dead or an invalid or somethin. Maybe he wasn't quite an invalid, but he 'uz able to take care of the children while she worked, 'n they could get along 'n love each c.ther like they ought to. ya, it's destroyin the world. People tell me they can't live without they all work. enough. But, I tell Can't make �.15, (At this point on the tape, Mr. Blackburn comes into the room and makes a comment about working in the mines.) Q: Did you work in the mines? A: I used to. Q: Where did you work? A: Oh, Kentucky 'n Virginia, West Virginia. Q: Did you really? A: I did for years. Q: Where in Kentucky and Virginia? A: At Jenkins. Q: Well I've got to talk to you^.about that .sometime because I've got<friends over in Pippa Passes, which is in Knott County, pretty close to Jenkins. A: Yeah. Jenkins is in Letcher County. Q: When were you workin in the mines? A: Oh, I've forgotten, honey. It's been so long. (Mrs. B.) He went to the mines when we got married That's where we bought our home in Virginia. Coeburn, Virginia. �16, Q: Oh, you worked in Coeburn then? A: Yes, we bought our home there'n lived there till we had 2 children. Q: I'd really like to talk to y'all about this. point, a neighbor arrives. (At this Several minutes of the tape is conversation between the Blackburns and their neighbor. Comment is made about A.S.U.) (Mr.) I used to sell meal to the college at Boone. Q: Did you grind the meal? A: (Mre)' I did grind it. Bought the corn-big trailer loads-'n ground it 'n sold it to 'em. I'd go up 'n sell 'em meal 'n eat dinner with 'em. Q: Where was your mill? A: It was over at Todd. Todd used to be a big place. Railroads 'n banks 'n drug stores. (Mrs.) Washed away. (Mr.) Used to be a railroad in here, darlin. Q: Is that what brought in the drug A: That's what brought it in. here. stores and banks? We had numbers of stores It's what broke us up. Come in 'n hauled everything off we had 'n left us sittin high 'n dry. Q: What did they haul off? �17, A: Lumber, all of our fine lumber. (Mrs.) Tannin bark, stove wood . . . . (Mr.) Yeah, everything we had. Left us sittin dry. (Mrs.) Came in on us like the mining business, Q: Did ya not get fair prices? A: (Mr.) Yeah, I guess. No, not fair. dollar meant something then. But you know a Now we get eighteen, twenty, twenty-two dollars a day for workin. We worked ten hours 'n got a dollar 'n a half. 150 an hour. Q: Did you have the great big old trees? A: (Mrs.) Oh mercy. (Mr.) Four foot through, darlin. around. 'N twelve foot Oh, chestnuts, ya know, in piles. Big, brown chestnuts. Q: Chestnuts would grow that big? A: (Mr.) Oh, yes ma'am. Four foot across 'em. I can take ya up here on our land and show ya chestnut stumps that's four feet across. Couldn't saw 'em. The saw 'uz so big they'd have to saw down this way 'n turn 'em in. Honey, ya can't understand. (Mrs.) Alec, his daddy, 'ud be a millionaire if he had that timber to sell now, that he sold off 'a this place here. �18. Q: Do you know the name of the company or companies? A: (Mr.) It was the J. Walter Wright Lumber Company in Mountain City, Tennessee. In Bristol, really. they was other companies in here. bought a lot of the lumber. an individual. any company. 'N Mr. Charlie Steele He's from Lenoir. He's just So far as I know he didn't go by He just went by his own personal name, but he bought lots 'a timber. Q: Well now, when was this? A: Oh, I don't know. in In '24 (Neighbor) Train come up here 1916. Q: And when did it go out? A: (Neighbor) Did it go out in '36? (Mr.) I don't know. (Neighbor) Wasn't it 20 years it 'uz supposed to run? Q: So it went through part of the Depression then, didn't it? It kept running? A: (Mrs.) Yes. Q: Well what did they use the wood for? A: (Mr.) No. Do you know? They'd extract, make tanning acid. Took it over here to Damascus 'n ground it up 'n made acid out of it. Make moccasins . . . . �19. (Mrs.) Take cowhides 'n all kind 'a hides 'n made shoes. We could 'a been rich in this country if we hadn't loved our dirt so good we wouldn't sell nobody an acre of it. SIDE II Q: Would you have wanted the furniture factories here? A: (Mr.) Yeah, I guess I would have wanted 'em in them days 'n would 'a still would, I guess. Q: Would you want to give up you land? A: (Mr.) No. I wouldn't give 'em a inch. I guess. the way it is. (Mrs.) That's That's the way everybody felt about it. Q: I get so concerned. I guess particularly since I never had a place, and to be able to see this land and to see it going. A: (Mr.) You love it, honey? Q: Oh, yes. The fact that it's all being built on, and bulldozed down. A: Once its gone, its gone. (Mr.) It's gone forever, little girl. Mama 'n me 'uz trying to keep our little piiot here for our children. We got five children. We just got 27 acres, but we hope we can keep it. �20., (Mrs.) so what? Q: Are all your children still around here? A: (Mrs.) No. One of 'em lives in Ashe County. One lives in Abingdon, Virginia; one in Virginia Beach, Virginia; one in Moorestown, New Jersey; and one in Cherryville. Q: Do they feel about land like you do? A: (Mr.) Feel worse than we do. (Mrs.) Law, they're worse than us about this mountain land. (Mr.) I told my little daughter, I said,"I can sell our land now 'n divide upp the money 'n Ma 'n me go to the rest home." 'N our little daughter 'said, "Not a spoonful 'a mine ' 1 be sold." 1 Didn't wanna sell a spoonful. Q: So they hope to come back here? A: They're plannin on comin back. Our little boy- lives in Virginia Beach- he'll soon be retirin. He's a printer for the United States government. 'N we've got a little boy in Cherryville. for Carolina Freight. He drives He hadn't got many more years 'n he wants to come back. They wanna come back now. 'N our little daughter in New Jtersey -she's a librarian. She's got a model librarian/ I don't know what -" you'd call it' where teahcers come in. She teaches �21, them. 'N our little daughter in Ashe Gounry -she married a sanitarian -she teaches school. Ma 'n me's SO years old, 'n I'm a preacher 'n she's my helper. Q: Well that's what we were talkin about. I thought it was so wonderful the way she said you all did things together here in the house then you would go out 'n work together. A: She asked me what I thought - if back when we were young 'n able to work - what I thought about the people that leave home goin off to work, women out 'a the home again to work. I told her it had ruined the country. It has. (Mr.) If they'd come home 'n stay at home I'd get me a job. (Mrs.) You've got a job. One that keeps ya busy 24 hours a day. That's the truth. (Neighbor leaves) Q: Let me ask you something that you do know a lot about, and that's raising children. you're a good mother? How do you know when What do you think it takes to be a good mother? A: (Mrs) Well, I couldn't tell you that. I've never been one. (laughter) Q: How do you know if you're raising your children right? �22. A: (Mrs.) Well, ya don't. (Mr.) That's easy. 'em. Get the Book 'n read the Bible to Ya don't know if they'll take it, but that's the way we raised ours. Niarly every night, read the Bible 'n prayed with 'em, put 'em to bed. 'N God sent 'em all out to good jobs. fine people. All All have good jobs 'n all Christian people. At home they'll pray with us. (Mrs.) I had to paddle some of 'em pretty much. didn't never do Ben any good. I had to use a good switbh on him. He'd do anything in the world. psychology on that fellow. wife has to. Spanking You had to use 'N you have to now. His I'd give him a whippin, but I can see now if 'a had time to have been reasonable, 'n reasoned with him 'n let him understood what it meant to be a doin that, why I think I could 'a done more with him. But when I'd get through whippin him he'd say, "Now go to the church 'n shout tonight!" Lots of others would 'a thought 'Law, I've plum ruined him now. I know I've ruined him.' 'N I'd say, "Well honey, I'll have to because I know that I've done my duty." 'N that'd settle him down. Q: Well do people raise children differently today? A: (Mrs.) Well, the children raise their parents now, the way I see it. �23, Q: What do you mean by that? A: (Mrs.) Well, they just do what the children say. (Mr*) Ma 'n me 'uz the boss among our babies till they's married. Sweethearts 'ud come here 'n I'd say, "You boys goin to church? church. We're goin to You can go to church or sit here till we get back. My girls is a goin to church this mornin." 'N they'd usually go. big jobs. Now they're nice men with One of 'ems worth a million dollars 'n come 'n hear me preach. a fine job. 'N the other un's got 'N the other 'uns a aeronautical engineer for the United Stated government. Q: Really? One of your boys? A: No. One of my son-in-laws. Honey, we raised 'em — we's just Christians 'n we just worked with'em 'n told 'em what they ought to do 'n we prayed with 'em three times a day. They got along good. trouble with the law. No Married lovely girls. Look's like God's made 'em rich. Q: Did you take them with you? A: I took 'em to.church. I didn't send 'em. Thank God, I'd gather 'em up 'n take 'em. Q: I mean, did you take them with you when you were working? �24. A: (Mr.) Go on preaching tours? Kept 'em 'n bedded era down, honey, on the church bench. (Mrs.) Gene says he's raised under a church bench. (Laughter) (Mr.) We took 'em, darlin. Just - (Mrs.) It 'uz a good place to raise 'em. (Mr.) We took our babies to church, 'n they honor us for it now. Q: Well were there certain things that you felt like were your duty, and certain things that you felt like were yours in raising the children? A: (Mr.) Yeah. I felt like it was our duty to raise 'em so they could (Mrs.) Well, I never criticized Daddy if he corrected 'em and he never criticized me, either. 'N I never did threaten 'em with their daddy, like a lot 'a people did. A lot 'a people did in my time, when they's rearin their children, they'd threaten 'em to tell their daddy when he come home what they'd been a doin or how they'd done. I never did do that. I never would. Children have to have a boss, 'cause when you get out in the world you're gonna have a boss or you're gonna have your own business 'n ya have to control yourself with that. 'N if you never learn to ."abide by rules, it's hard to teach people when they get grown to abide by certain regulations. My daddy taught me that. thought he's awful rough on us, but he 'uz a pretty We �25, good daddy. He didn't abuse us a tall or in any way, but he laid the law down. He meant what he said 'n we just learned that he meant what he said. I've often said that that's how I learned to trust the Lord 'n obey the Lord. 'Cause the Lord's supposed to talk to you, ya know, lead you, and I had learned obedience at home. If you learn to obey when you're young, it's not hard to do when you get old, when you're grown. Q: That's right. A: (Mrs.) A lot 'a children now never learned obedience. (Mr.) Ollie's brother-a little boy about 9 years old - his daddy told him to do something fn upset 'n he went out 'n slammed the door. said,"Jim, come back in. door." it kindly 'N his father Now go out 'n shut the Jim went out again 'n slammed the door again. 'N he made come back 'n open the door 'n close it 7 times, till he learned to close it nice 'n mild. Seven times, closed it so nice 'n sensible. God. Thank Made him come back 'n close it 7 times before he ever got it settled down, (laughter) (Mrs.) He hadn't forgotten it yet. (Mr.) No. He'll all the time close the door nice. (laughter) I .heard somebody preachin that. Didn't you Ollie, the other night? (Mrs.) Yeah, just somewhere. (Mr.) Yeah, learnin how to close the door. thought about that. 'N I �26. (Mrs.) Said it's your personality, ya know, by the way you closed the door. (Mr.) 'N that lady said- she visited homes, ya know, that she wasn't wanted by the way they shut the door. Q: A lot of these questions that I wanted to ask you I almost know the answers to from talking to ya'll. One that I was kind of interested in was what was the most important thing that you remember your mother teaching you? Is there anything that she taught you that really helped you, you know, in your life? A: (Mrs.) Yes, it wouldn't mean nothin to anybody else, but Mama believed in bein born again, of the Spirit. 'N she believed with all her heart that ya had to be born again, 'n so when I started off to school- well, when I was gettin ready to go - I hadn't never been born again. 'N she says, "Children, I don't want 'cha to go over there till ya get saved. saved 'n know the Lord before ya go." I want cha to be 'N she said, "I'm afraid, if you's to go over there, they'd get ya in that church that don't believe in bein born again." That 'uz the Episcopal church. remembered that. And, so I always She never taught us much about religion, but she was interested. �27. Q: What did she mean by being born again? A: (Mrs.) That's committing yourself to the Saviour, accepting his salvation , 'n knowing that you have accepted it, because that's what we have to do. Jesus come to redeem, so we have to accept that salvation 'n I hadn't never accepted it, 'n didn't know for myself that Jesus died for me, ya see. 'N when I realized that I'se lost because I hadn't never accepted the salvation he made for us. 'N that's what she was afraid of. She was afraid that I'd go on all my life, ya know, like a lot 'a people do, 'n think because they join the church they're saved. 'N that's what I mean by bein born again. Daddy might could explain it better. (Mr.) No, I couldn't. Lord, honey. know. Becoming a new creature in the That's it. Dangerous drunkard. mines. I used to be a drunkard! ya Carried liquor in the It's a miracle of God I didn't blow 'em square Q: Did you really? A: (Mr.) Sure, in the place 'a takin water I'd take in liquor. The night boss didn't know it, ya know. We all took water, ya know, in the bottom of our buckets. it. Had to. It 'uz the only place we could get 'N I'd take liquor in the place of water. in there all day, three miles underground. Worked �ad. I crimped 10 thousand dynamite caps. Stick 'em on the end 'n fuse em. 'N if I'd a missed a thousandeth part of an inch I'd a blown my head off. (Mrs.) Ya ought 'a known better than that. (Mr.) I'se careless. Q: I want to come back and talk to you about your experiences in the mines. I've got a whole lot 'a questions I've been wanting to ask somebody. A: (Mr.) Bless ya, honey. I'se young, ya know, 'n God wouldn't bother me to preach I'd go back.I love to work in the mines. interesting things in there. Oh, there's so many Find anything on earth you's looking for. Picture of anything you'd want. Oh trees 'n all kinds of plants, 'n just anything. Animals, 'n bears, find a lot of bears. 'N all kinds of little trees 'n beautiful ferns in the top, ya know. And oh just anything, (Mrs.) 'N that coal. (Mrs.) You come back anytime ya wanna come back little darlin, but let me tell ya somethin. You can find so many nice people that can tell ya so many more things than Uncle Ed can, 'n you'd better go'n see them. I can just tell ya about how mean I used to be, 'n how I game to the Lor$. And instantly �29. he took all this drinkin 'n all this cursin away from me, 'n I became a new creature. 'N from that day till this its never come back on me. a soldier of God ever since. 'n used to be a curser. Used to be a drunkard That's all I done. do somethin nice for ya. made me a new creature. I been Thank God. The bfoange Old things passed away, 'n behold, all things became newt what little Ma means about bein born again. (Mrs.) That's what Mama meant. That's I guess. (Mr.) What we done now, little darlin - anybody will do for a Christian 'n anybody can be a Christian if they will be. But we got to get started to be a Christian. Tore God ' 1 ever take us to heaven. 1 You've got to meet the Lord for yourself, 'n when you meet him you'll always be a different creature. Bless ya. You've done met him as far I know. Q: Yeah. A: (Mr.)'Bless ya. Come back any time you want to. (Prayer) Father in heaven, we're shocked to find this\Little girl, Mrs. Lamm, a little darlin. Itttle enough to be in high school. Just And little Alec, our little boy, was here. And they said they's interested in comin back 'n talkin to us. Oh Father, if they ever come back to our house again �30. may they feel just like coming home. come to Uncle Ed fn When they Aunt Ollie*s house, may it seem so good and so restful that they just felt like God had taken 'em in, 'n they had a home away from home. Bless us all, 'n help us to be good 'n nice 'n quiet 'n sensible. Always minding our own business. Always looking for some place to help somebody who needs help. Always kind, always gentle, always willin to go the second mile, always willin to turn the other cheek when men don't like us, not pick it up 'n turn it over again, just leave 'em alone, 'n love 'em so good we'll kill 'em on pure love. Bless little Alec 'n his darlin daddy 'n mamma, this little girl's husband 'n what she does in life. Make her great, God. In Jesus' name help her to see that her 'n God can do anything they want, God. Thank God. Help 'em to see how big God is 'n what He'll do for us if we'll just trust Him, in all of our paths. We send 'em away today with the blessings of the Lord on 'em. Amen 'n amen. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Ollie Blackburn, March 9, 1973 Description An account of the resource Ollie Blackburn was born in Watauga County, North Carolina in 1892. She attended an all girls church school in Valle Crucis when she was 16, after she had a general education. She then lived in Cherryville, North Carolina and Coeburn, Virginia at one point. Mrs. Blackburn explains doing chores around the house and the different activities her family would participate in as a child. She then describes her education and how she met her husband through courting. Mrs. Blackburn's husband is also in the interview, and they about how they got married and moved to different places. While talking about marriage, they explain their theories on raising a family. Mr. Blackburn ends the interview talking discussing his personal experience working in the mines in Kentucky and Virginia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lamm, Joy Blackburn, Ollie Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/9/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 30 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape35_OllieBlackburn_1973_03_09M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Todd, NC Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--19th century Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Virginia--Social life and customs--20th century Kentucky--Social life and customs--20th century Cherryville Kentucky mining Virginia https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/58ff95d2b028b2ec93c0758972e26588.pdf 1049511367f11e1e67f8b698cefd232a PDF Text Text AOH #39 Page 1 This is an interview with Mr. Stanley Harris, Sr. for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill Brinkley at Boone on March 20, 1973. Q: Mr. Harris, could you give us your age and place of birth? A: Well, I was born in Johnson County, Tennessee, where the name of the place was Trade, which is just over the line from North Carolina, October 31, 1882. Q: How long have you lived in this community? A: When I was two years old, my father moved to what is now Montezuma, N. C. and I stayed there until I finished high school and in 1902 I went to college at Athens, Tennessee which was at that time part of U. S. Grant University, main plant being located in Chattanooga, but the liberal arts department was at Athens. That has since changed to Tennessee Wesleyan College. I graduated in 1902, and took, a post graduate course at what was then the American University at Harriman, Tennessee. that was sold and the American University was closed. Later, At the close of the school in 1903, I went to work for a furniture factory in Harriman, Tennessee and a year later moved to Lexington, Kentucky and worked there in a furniture store as a salesman. In 1907 I became the assistant secretary of the YMCA at Lexington and in 1912 became the secretary of the YMCA at Frankford, Kentucky, and in 1916 became the state boys work secretary of theYMCA. Correction! I went to Frankford as the YMCA secretary in 1907, and in 1908 started a Boy Scout troop under the British Scout Association which troop was recognized and chartered in December, 1908 and became so far as we can find �2. any history the first chartered Boy Scout troop in the United States. After I became the state boy's work secretary, my headquarters were moved to Louisville and the Boy Scout troop in Frankford was expanded and a council organized with four troops in Frankford. In 1917 I went with the National Council as a special field commission and remained with the National Council of Boy Scouts of America until October 1, 1947 when I was automatically retired because I had reached the age of 65. I spent a few months in South Alabama where I had a little property, then came back to Chattanooga whece I was associated with Jake Bishop in General Insurance and for a time, lived at Johnson City. In 1948 we came back to Watauga County primarily because in 1930 and '31, we had built a very modern residence across Cove Creek from Henson's Chapel Methodist Church. At that time it was called Amantha, and we lived there until we traded that property with Gene Wilson and officially moved to Boone. 1949 Watauga County celebrated its 100th anniversary, In and I was elected president of the Watauga'.Centennial, and we produced a type of play called "Echoes of the Blue Ridge" and published a brief history written by Dr. Whitener as a history of Watauga County. In 1912 after graduation from the Grant University Branch at Athens, I came back to Watauga County as (principal of Cove Creek Academy which was an imaginary high school and taught school until about the middle of January, 1903 when I went to the American University for a short post graduate course, ant it was at Cove Creek Academy that I met Mary Swift then a student, which in 1919 became my wife. We lived in Memphis for a while and then moved to Chattanooga and eventually came back �3. to Watauga County to live, and the family has been here ever since. In 1949 I recommended to the Chamber of Commerce that we should develop industry to balance what was then a college and tourist business as about the only industry. The Board of the Chamber of Commerce was not sympathetic at that time to developing industry, but within a year or so, that became one of their major projects, and as secretary of the industry committee, I directed the campaign to supplement the purchase price of property for IRC, and had an important part in bringing industry to Boone, which was the first of the major industries coming here. Later the industry committee arranged with Shadowline to establish a plant here, and after that, we found that Blue Ridge Show Co. was disappointed in the location they had chosen for a new plant, and persuaded the management to investigate Boone. That was other being a trip to New York made by Glenn Andrews and myself, to interview Mr. Herb, then the president of the parent company and he agreed to investigate Boone. We did all the preliminary work necessary to get Blue Ridge Shoe Co. to come to Boone, including sale of bonds on their property, most of which was bought finally by the Northwestern Bank, though several thousand s of dollars of bonds were bought by local citizens. Later, the industry committee was successful in persuading Vermont American to establish their plant in Boone, and each of these instances, we had to supplement the land purchase for the new company, and I had the privilege of conducting the finance campaign, all of which was easily successful. One of my big contributions to Boone and Watauga County was as a member and the chairman of the board of Watauga Hospital, and conducted the finance campaign to �4. to rennovate and improve the then Watauga County Hospital building. This resulted in our acquiring our modern surgical department and a very successful surgeon. Also, with tie help of the state and the Federal Government to build a nurses home all of which became part of Watauga Hospital. Later, when the people of the county divided the money through bonds, the modern Watauga Hospital, this property was transferred to the college and later became part of the equipment of Appalachian State University. If I have been any value to Watauga County primarily it has been in developing these industries and providing opportunity for people in Watauga County to get employment at good wages, and this has resulted in many homes and smaller businesses that would not have come without these manufacturing industries to provide the employment. I'm still secretary-treasurer of the industry committee and a member of the board of most of the organizations that continued to have a responsibility except to encourage and promote them. We built the building for Shadowline and they operated it on a rental basis for a few years and then bought it, and we bmilt the building for the Blue Ridge Shoe Co. which they still operate on a rental basis. Same is true with Vermont American which is operated on a rental basis as far as the building is concerned. The "Echoes of the Blue Ridge" finally developed into "Horn in the West" and has been one of the great advertising projects for Boone and Watauga County. It resulted from an invitation to Kermit Hunter to be the speaker at the Chamber of Commerce where we persuaded him to write the story, and we conducted a finance campaign for the money to build the theatre for "Horn in the West" and again I had the privilege of being the director of the finance campaign. That's about the story of my connection with the development of industry and the "Horn in the West". I have remained as an �5. active worker in the Chamber of Commerce, but recently no v&ry major projects. Now, what other questions you want? Q: Weren't you also connected with Coleman's Tobacco Warehouses? A: Well, soon after I came here probably in 1950, Coleman employed me as a sales supervisor and at that time had the radio program promoting the tobacco warehouse and Boone as a tobacco market. I'm still the sales supervisor for Coleman, though we have not had a radio program as such for the last five years. Before Warehouse #1 burned, the year before that we sold in excess of 6 million pounds of tobacco at the Boone market. Less than 1/3 of that tobacco came from Watauga County, and a considerable proportion of it came from Tennessee and Virginia, but the tobacco warehouse in Boone hasbeen a great help to the farmers, not only in Watauga County, but in this whole section, and last year sold in excess of 4 million pounds for mighty close to $3 million. Q: You organized the first Rotary Club, is that correct? first director? A: I was one of the group that organized the Rotary Club in Boone and because I had previously been a Rotarian was elected the district governor for District 780 which included all of Western N. C. from Charlotte and West Jefferson through to Murphy some 40 clubs. I'm still active in Rotary; I think it is a great service organization. Q: What I'd like to ask you now is a few questions on the Depression. When did the Great Depression start as best you can remember? A: Well, the Depression started in 1929. We had had a very prosperous �6. period after the war closed, and things were going great when the Stock Market had a tremendous setback, and by 1931 we were in perhaps the worst depression we had ever had. This depression didn't seriously effect me because I was then employed actually by one of the Rockefeller Organizations, and they didn't cut my salary, but salaries went down in many instances, more than 50% and thousands of people were out of employment. It was during that time that I decided to build a rock house over in Cove Creek and believe it or not, purchased well finished lumber at $14 a thousand, employed labor only one carpenter on the job got more than 350 an hour, and he as the foreman in building the house made a little more than that but not too much. Common labor could have been had for 100 an hour, but I couldn't persuade myself to go quite that low and paid 150 an hour for common labor. The rock that built the house was delivered to the site for a dollar a yard, and even the rock mason made about 750 an hour which is not much more than 10% what the same would cost today, and while we later sold the Cove Creek house to Gene Wilson and his wife, we decided to live in an apartment, and not finding what we wanted, we bought the lot on W. Queen St. and built Westmont Apartments which five or six years ago we sold to a corporation which now owns them, but I still manage the apartments. Q: Where were you living at the start of the Great Depression? A: Well, we were living on Cove Creek though I was travelling out of New York and came home about once a month for a few days, and sort of kept track of things, but Mary and the children run the house. �/ "•• Q: How many were in the family at that time? A: We had two children: 7. Stanley, Jr. who was born in 1923. Wait a minute, he was born in 1920, and Martha was born in 1923. Q: Was there a scarcity of food dtiring that time? A: No scarcity of food. The scarcity was anything to buy it with, and since my salary was continued, I made more clear money from -"]? 1930 to 1936 than I had ever made-jfeior to that. Q: Did you raise any crops? A: We had a big garden, but as far as farming is concerned, I didn't do any farming, anything that was done on the farm was done on a rental basis, and that was not a cash render, but a percentage of the income. But we had a big garden, and I got some prestige as a grower of roses, for we had a very beautiful rose garden. Q: What animals did you have on the farm? A: Well, part of the time we had a milk cow or two which Stanley learned to milk as a 10 year old youngster, and we usually kept a horse which he could ride or plow, but we made no attempt to be farmers, but we did have a good vegetable garden along with the roses. Q: Were you familiar with any of the government projects during the Depression? A: Not too much familiar with government projects during the Depression, though during WW I, I was the federal director of the boys' working reserve which organized boys to work to produce food during the war, and a big part of that was done by Boy Scouts who produced the gardens especially the big garden in Washington city which was down on the �8. peninsula furnished vegetables not only for the White House, but Walter Reed Hospital, major hotels in Washington, and was honored frequently by a visit from Mrs. Wilson, wife of the President, and on a few occassions President Wilson accompanied Mrs. Wilson to the garden for she always picked up her own vegetables twice a week. I didn't do the technical work; that was done by a man from the agricultural department who supervised that big garden, but I promoted the idea of boys doing things for the government not only making gardens, but distributing literature, make Black Walnut surveys, and numerous and sundry other things, but I had very little to do with government projects during the Depression period. Q: Were prices higher or lower during the Depression? A: They were down at the bottom. I don't know the figures, but certainly meat prices weren't much more than 10% of the present price today, and as far as I have any memory, there was an abundance of food if you had the price to pay for it. Q: Did new ways of making money arise due to these conditions? A: I didn't make any money except my salary until I retired, but since I retired I made considerable money out of projects I've been interested in. Q: Do you remember any of the banks closing? A: Oh, yes. The Watauga County Bank in which my wife and children kept their deposit was closed, and their deposit frozen. That didn't affect me very much because I had continued to keep my account in a bank in Chattanooga which, while it was frozen for a short time, reorganized and went right on in business, and my frozen deposit was �9. promptly reinstated. But there was another bank or two in tte county that was closed and if the Northwestern Bank hadn't taken over the assets of the Watauga County Bank, the IE would have been a worse depression in Watauga County. But the Northwestern Bank took over the assets of the Watauga County Bank and some months earlier Mrs. Harris sold her stock in the Watauga County Bank, but most of the stockholders, in fact, I suppose all of the stockholders lost their stock, and not only that, they had to put up an amount equal to the base value of their stock which was $100 a share before the Northwestern Bank took it over. And that was a real depression. Q: What were the community reactions to the banks closing? A: Well, of course everybody that had any interest in ttee bank, particularly the stockholders were very much concerned and some of them very bitter at the officers of the bank. But they had loaned too much money to too many people that couldn't pay and therefore there was nothing that the officers of the bank could do but accept the closing when that was decreed by the Federal Government. Q: Whom do you blame for the collapse of the banks? A: Oh, I think the officers of the bank were too liberal in their loaning money, therefore, had a good many notes that weren't collectable. Don't think that there was any one individual that was particularly responsible. It was the policy of the bank to loan money particularly to farmers and a number of the farmers not only couldn't pay their notes, but some of them lost their farms and that was one of the reasons got so bitter at the bank. �10. Q: Did the schools change very much during the Depression? A: All the schools went on as far as the county schools are con- cerned, teachers were paid $25, $35, or $45 a month but that was in line with other things at that time so as well as I observed there wasn't much let down in public school situation. Q: Did tfee businesses and country stores change very much? A: Well, some of the businesses went into bankruptcy, but not too much change in the major businesses. They weren't making money, but nobody else was making money at that time so they went along with the crowd. Q: What do you think caused the Depression? A: Well , I had an experience in connection with the Depression that always stood out with me. I went as the guest of a very prominent stockbroker in New York to a dinner in Dallas. Everybody was asking him questions about how to get rich on the Stock Market, and he finally got a little irritated at that attitude and g^ve them a good lecture about trying to make money without working for it, and told them that if that attitude kept up there was going to be a depression, and hence I was sort of close to it. What happened was, as he told me later, he went back to New York and had the stocks that he held analyzed and began to sell the stocks that they thought were dangerous, and as they began to sell, prices began to go down. I've always thought that the fact of his starting to sell stocks was one of the basic reasons why stocks began to go down. Because if he were selling stocks at a lower price, pretty soon everybody was looking for them at that price. And as a result, stocks went down, and that was the beginning of the Great Depression. Fact of it is, I had some stock �11. that I paid as much as $20 a share for that went down to $1.25 a y*'' share. I didn't well(mine for several years after the Depression was over and finally sold them for $60 a share instead of the $1.25 I would have gotten for them in 1931 or '32. And that was an illustration of what happened in the stock market. Q: Who was hurt worst by the Depression? A: Well, the common people are always hurt worst. Laborers/ small investors, small businesses—they were the ones that were really hurt. Q: Well, what do you think was best about the Depression? A: What was what? Q: What do you think was best about the Depression days? A: Well, it probably brought out the stamina of the American people and showed that by hard work, they could still live even if they didn't live like they had been accustomed to living. But I think it emphasized the importance of hard work and sticking to it which would be valuable today. Most of our trouble?today are because people don't want to work and a good many people don't want to put out their best at work, whether it be in building a house or running a business. Q: How is life different today from life during the Depression? A: Well, it's only different in the luxuries we have. had automobiles. Very few people You could buy a good Ford or a Chevrolet for four or five hundred dollars, but most people didn't have four or five hundred dollars. �12. Q: What do you like best about today's way of life? A: Well, I like the comfort of feeling that I have a reasonable income, likely to have as much as I actually need as long as I live which I hope to be at least another 10 years because I'm only 90 and I want to get to be 100. Q: .if you could change anything about the way things are now, what W^ ! wouj-d/jwant to change and why? A: I'd want to change the willingness to work more than anything else, and I think people are happier and live longer when they're working and that's the reason I keep working now because if you• keep busy whatever your job may be and try to put out the best you can you don't have so much time to worry about the aches in your knees and your back and so forth. There could be a different attitude toward life and willingness to be done. End of Tape #39 to do anything that needs �Tape #40 13. Q: I would like to ask you some questions concerning your childhood. A: As a kid, I was connected with a lumber compantf. There were seven of we boys, and we did whatever work there was done on the farm, but I happened to be down among the younger ones and the older ones didn't like farm work, so by the time I was 12 or 13 I was the chief on the farm, what little farming we did and one of the big jobs was to get my two younger brothers to do what I thought was their part in taking care of the farm. Father did encourage it to get through high school and we all did. I was the only one of the three younger boys that finished college, but we all got through high school. But we didn't have any of the luxuries and we worked even as kids. I think one of the troubles with youth today and I don;t think there are nearly as many of them as people think, but one of the troubles is children are given too much and are not required to make an adequate return for it. I think you can spoil the child by giving him too much maybe worse than if you made it pretty hard on them. Q: Could you give me the name of your parents and their birthplace? A: My father was William J. Harris and he was born out in the county from Abingdon, Virginia, where his father owned considerable farmland. My mother was born just this side of Mountain City, Tennessee, on the road about 2 miles this side of Shouns. Their education was limited to grade school: I don't think that either one of them ever went to college, but they appreciated the importance of their children in getting an education, and while they didn't have back then in those days too much money to help them through college they did encourage us to make our own way so I worked my way through college and that was good for me. Q: How much schooling did your brothers and sisters have? �14. A: All of them went to high school, what in those days was considered high school. My brother Kemp went to college to study to be a minister and had the best education of any of us including me, but he didn't go to college until after he had decided to go into the ministry and that was when he was 25 or 30 years old. He was like a lot of other ministers now, young ministers, he went to college and pastored a small church someplace, and managed to get through college that way. Q: When you came to this area what sorts of churches were here? A: Well, over at Cove Creek where I taught school and where I lived, there was a Methodist and a Baptist Church, Henson's Chapel and Cove Creek Baptist Church which is still there, and so far as my knowledge is concerned there was an Episcopal Church, a Methodist Church, and a Baptist Church in Boone. But I did not know too much about them even when I was teaching school at Cove Creek. Q: To which church did most people in the community belong? A: Baptist. Q: What were they like at that time, and how have they changed? A: I don't see too much change ao far as the religious attitudes concerned. I think they're a little bit more liberal toward other churches than they used to be, that's true to both Baptist and Methodist. I think my father tried to give me the impression that all Catholics had horns and tails and I learned that people in the Catholic Church were just as fine as the people in some other churches so that seems to be a drifting of not being so antagonistic toward some other and I think that's true between the Baptist and the Methodist, all the others. �15. Q: How did this community get its name? A: Well, as far as I know it was the legend of Daniel Boone that gave this particular community its name. How much Daniel Boone really ever stopped here is still a question; he undoubtedly passed through a few times. Q: How and why was it formed in A: I don't know the answer to that; I suppose it just sort of grew up as most places do to start with. the first place? I think the Dougherty boys and the school has had a tremendous influence on the building of the town. They just had vision, they didn't have much to work with back in those days but they got a school started and kept it going. Q: How has the community changed over the years? A: Well, it has changed a lot in the comforts of the people that live in the community, other than that I don't see too much change. A large proportion of the people now are making pretty good wages and they're living them up pretty largely. Businesses have grown, some of them tremendously. Q: Who have been the community decision makers? A: Well, the folks at the Northwestern Bank have been a tremendous influence in making the community. Alfred Adams has been chairman of the industry committee, and from a business standpoint there is nothing that has even approached the importance of the industry committee of the Chamber of Commerce in building the community from a standpoint of industry. �16. Q: Have the Dougherty's been in this decision-making group? A: Yes/ very definitely. One of the interesting things to me was that back when I first came here, Dr. Blan Dougherty was very much opposed to developing industry, but a few years later he had a very definite change of mind and particularly in the promotion of the International Resistance Company was very important promoter of industry. Course he had one love, and it was above everything else, and it was the college which he built up from a little grade school to quite a sizeable college and laid the foundations for a tremendous growth that happened under Dr. Plemmons as President and is still happening under Dr. Wey. Q: Could you give me any other names of really important decision makers in the community? A: Well, I think Clyde Greene and Russell Hodges were of tremendous importance, and Winklers have been important promoters, especially Ralph and Gordon, and the three Wilcox boys-Herman, Charlie, Dempsey have been tremendously important people in developing the community. Q: Would you list the Farthings and the Councills among these also? A: Well, Farthings and Councills held a lot of property and Grady Farthing has been tremendously important as president of the Watauga Savings and Loan which when I first became connected with it had assets of very much less than $500,000. Now I understand their assets are listed at about 36 million; Grady Farthing has been tremendously important in that connection. Some of the best citizens in the county were Farthings, but Grady stands out as the high man so far as promoting the community is concerned. Q: Are there any minority groups in the community? �17. A: Oh, yes. There are minority groups, but they're much better off than they are in cities, and we don't have much trouble with the minority groups whether they be black, or something else. Q: Were some families poorer than others? A: Oh, sure! That's true today. Some families barely lived while others were living in luxury. Q: Did the others look out for them to a certain extent? A: A little, not much. Q: How many people were in the community? A: Well, the first time I came to Boone, there must not been over 300 or 400 people living in what is now Boone. There weren't any paved streets or even MacAdamized streets, there were jyst mud roads and when it rained they were really mud roads. Q: Has the population changed greatly? A: Numerically, of course, it has changed greatly. A large number of people now living in Boone lived in the county but a greater number of people lived outside. tremendous difference. From an educated standpoint, there's a very Back, when I first came here there was very few that you could call educated. Now, a large portion of the population is at least high school educated. A very large proportion of the high school graduates go on to college. Q: Do you think that there'ivas a certain time that the population change was greater, or was there a sudden influx of people, or was there a gradual change over the years? A: Well, while there was a gradual change, there have been two or three �18. instances where there was an influx, and the last five years have probably been the worst, or the best whichever one you want to put it.-, Q: Concerning transportation, how did the people get around in the community? A: Back then they walked, or rode a mule, some of the better ones had a buggy, the automobiles finally came, and very few had automobiles, but it kept picking up and picking up and automobile companies have probably sold more new cars this year, 10 to 1 than there were in the county in 1947 when I came back here. Q: Where did the roads and railroads run? A: Well, of course 421 was mapped out east and west of Boone, 321 and 221 were mapped out but they weren't paved or fixed up. The road to Blowing Rock was one of the best, but that was organized as a toll road and they had to pay toll to go over it, and county roads were generally poor and generally dirt. Paving of the roads has been done in the last 20 years, mostly. Q: When were the railroads built? A: Well, the Tweetsie Railroad built into here, I think, was built back > in the teens, and was built primarily as a lumber road, though they had passenger coaches. Pact of it is, the railroad didn't come beyond Cranberry when I was a boy and the first train I ever rode on was Tweetsie from Elk Park all the way to Cranberry, but I remember very well how afraid I was of it, that my brother carried me on board, and I got down to Cranberry, and that was about 81-83 years ago. They built on up here after the William Ritter Lumber Co. had developed �19. Pineola, which they called Saganaw, and pretty largely, and the Linville River Railway came on into Boone, but both of them from Cranberry to Boone was primarily built for lumber. Q: Are you very familiar with any of the mountain crafts or customs? A: No, not familiar enough to talk about it. Q: Are you familiar with the folktales, legends, and superstitions of this area? A: Well, I'm not too familiar with that. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Stanley Harris Sr, March 30, 1973 Description An account of the resource Stanley Harris Sr. was born on October 31, 1882 in Johnson County, Tennessee. He went to high school in Montezuma, North Carolina and then continued his education in Athens, Tennessee at U.S. Grant University. He wene to post graduate school at American University in Harriman, Tennessee. Mr. Harris had many different occupations throughout his life including salesman at a furniture store in Lexington, Kentucky, assistant secretary of YMCA in Frankford, Tenessee, and boardman on the National Council of Boy Scouts of America in 1917. He moved back to Watauga County in 1948, where he was part of the Watauga Centennial and secretary of Chamber of Commerce. He was a big influence on bringing industries to Boone, North Carolina. Mr. Harris talks about the effects the Great Depression had on him while at that time he was emplyed by one of Rockafeller's orgnizations. He does explains how the banks were affected and what he believes caused the Great Depression based on his experience with the stock market. When asked about his childhood, Mr. Harris recollects his experience working, explains his family education, and describes the religious community. He then talks about Boone and describes how the minority groups of Boone are treated. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brinkley, Bill Harris, Stanley Sr. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/20/1973 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 19 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape39-40_StanleyHarrisSr_1973_03_20M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource North Carolina--Social life and customs--20th century Tennessee--Social life and customs--19th century Tennessee--Social life and customs--20th century Kentucky--Social life and customs--20th century Depression--1929--United States American University Boone Boy Scouts of America Great Depression industrialization Kentucky Tennessee US Grant University ymca https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0edd9641b672d1a99b304ff8d634d43e.pdf 64171e9b5157b3c9f867f791b3f25b48 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kirby and Eller Family Letters Description An account of the resource The Kirby and Eller Family Letters contain correspondence between the Kirby and Eller families of Ashe County, North Carolina. The letters focus mainly on day-to-day events such as planting and harvesting crops, health and illness, and household tasks, but also include references to the Civil War. The original letters of Collection 495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters, 1826-1938 are in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection. <div class="subnote "> Elizabeth “Bettie” Kirby (1851-1925) was born on February 15th, 1851 in Meadow Creek, Virginia, to parents Joel Kirby and Frances Roberts. Millard F. Kirby, Samuel J. Kirby, Emory T. Kirby, and Ada B. Kirby were her siblings. She married Joseph Lafayette Eller on September 22, 1875 in Ashe County, NC, where she lived until her death on December 9, 1925. Luke Eller (1806-1883) was born on June 8, 1806 in Ashe Co., NC. He was married to Sarah King on March 27, 1829 in Ashe Co. He is the father of Joseph Lafayette Eller (Elizabeth’s husband), Hansford Eller, and Aswell Eller. Luke Eller lived in Ashe Co. until his death on December 6, 1883. <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165#" class="expander">See less</a></div> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from D.L. Pickett, 13 April 1832 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1832-04-13 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 2 pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Letter_1832.pdf Description An account of the resource This letter from D. L. Pickett to two of his friends, William (Wm.) Daniels and Luke Eller, discusses Pickett’s recent move across the American Midwest. He mentions the natural geography of the country he tours, discusses people he sees, and includes the prices of various goods that he notes in the stores. Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/165">AC.495 Kirby and Eller Family Letters</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Subject The topic of the resource Midwest Travel Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title=" Kirby and Eller Family Letters" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/17" target="_blank"> Kirby and Eller Family Letters </a> Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. https://www.geonames.org/4453028/ashe-county.html Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Letters (Correspondence) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ashe County (N.C.) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1830s Basin Knob crops D.L. Pickett farming Goods Johnson County Kentucky letter Luke Eller Missouri moving North Carolina William Daniels https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/8ce868caa3bb235a0331b5f582ef5b9d.mp3 c9ce9654a8776c86953607e289fd98dc https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/5656556df1cc5591caba18d53eb02dc3.mp3 0405b511ed3b1722c99aba6cd30d4abb https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/80d43e4f322bc0409865ccec0f2cdd4f.pdf a6dbed0b4a31179b086b0d81d155bf02 PDF Text Text Oral History Transcript Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 39, 40 Interviewee: Stanley Harris Interviewer: Bill Brinkley 20 March 1973 This is an interview with Mr. Stanley Harris, Hr., for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Bill Brinkley at Boone on March 20, 1973. BB: Bill Brinkley SH: Stanley Harris, Sr. BB: Mr. Harris, could you give us your age and place of birth? SH: Well, I was born in Johnson City, Tennessee, where the name of the place was Trade, which is just over the line from North Carolina, on October 31, 1882. BB: How long have you lived in this community? SH: When I was two years old, my father moved to what is now Montezuma, North Carolina and I stayed there until I finished high school and in 1902 I went to college at Athens, Tennessee which at that time was part of U.SH. Grant University, main part being located in Chattanooga, but the liberal arts department was at Athens. That has since changed to Tennessee Wesleyan College. I graduated in 1902, and took a postgraduate course as what was then the American University at Harriman, Tennessee. Later, that was sold and the American University was closed. At the close of the school in 1903, I went to work for a furniture factory in Harriman, Tennessee and a year later moved to Lexington, Kentucky and worked there in a furniture store as a salesman. In 1907, I became the assistant secretary of the YMCA at Frankfort, Kentucky and in 1912, became the secretary of the YMCA there. In 1916, became the state boys work secretary of the YMCA. In 1908, started a Boy Scout troop under the British Scout Association which troop was recognized and chartered in December 1908. And it became, so far as we can find any history, the first chartered Boy Scout troop in the United States. After I became the state boy’s work secretary, my headquarters were moved to Louisville and the Boy Scout troop in Frankfort was expanded and a council organization with four troops in Frankfort. In 1917, I went with the National Council as a special field commission and remained with the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America until October 1, 1947, when I was automatically retired because I had reached the age of 65. I spent a few months in South Alabama where I had a little property, then came back to Chattanooga, where I was associated with Jake Bishop in General Insurance, and for a time lived in Johnson City. 1 �In 1948, we came back to Watauga County primarily because in 1930 and 1931, we had built a very modern residence across Cove Creek from Henson’s Chapel Methodist Church. At that time it was called Amantha, and we lived there until we traded that property with Gene Wilson and officially moved to Boone. In 1949, Watauga County celebrated its 100th anniversary, and I was elected president of the Watauga Centennial, and we published a brief history written by Dr. Whitener as a history of Watauga County. In 1902, after graduation from the Grant University branch at Athens, I came back to Watauga County as principal of Cove Creek Academy, which was kind of a high school and taught school until about the middle of January 1903, when I went to the American University for a short post graduate course, and it was at Cove Creek Academy that I met Mary Swift, then a student, which in 1919 became my wife. We lived in Memphis for a while and then moved to Chattanooga and eventually came back to Watauga County to love, and the family has been here ever since. In 1949, I recommended to the Chamber of Commerce that we should develop industry to balance what was then a college and tourist business as about the only industry. The board of the chamber of commerce was not sympathetic at that time to developing industry, but within a year or so, that became one of their major projects, and as secretary of the industry committee I directed the campaign to supplement the purchase price of property for IRC, and had an important part in bringing industry to Boone, which was the first of the major industries coming here. Later, the industry committee arranged with Shadowline to establish a plant here, and after that, we found that Blue Ridge Shoe Company was disappointed in the location they had chosen as a new plant, and persuaded the management to investigate Boone. We did all the preliminary work necessary to get the Blue Ridge Shoe Company to come to Boone, including sale of bonds on their property, most of which was brought finally by the Northwestern Bank, though several thousands of dollars of bonds were brought by local citizens. Later, the industry committee was successful in persuaded Vermont American to establish their plant in Boone, and each of these instances; we had to supplement the land purchase for the new company. I had the privilege of conducting the finance campaign, all of which was easily successful. One of my big contributions to Boone and Watauga County was as a member and the chairman of the board of Watauga Hospital, and conducted the finance campaign to renovate and improve the then Watauga County Hospital building. This resulted in our acquiring our modern surgical department and a very successful surgeon. Also, with the help of the state and federal government to build a nurses home all of the county divided the money through bonds, the modern Watauga Hospital, this property was transferred to the college and later became a part of the equipment of Appalachian State University. If I have been any value to Watauga County, primarily it has been in developing these industries and providing opportunity for people in Watauga County to get employment at good wages, and this has resulted in many homes and smaller businesses that would not have come without 2 �these manufacturing industries to provide the employment. I’m still secretary-treasurer of the industry committee and a member of the board of most of the organizations that continued to have a responsibility except to encourage and promote them. We built the building for Shadowline and they operated it on a rental basis for a few years and then bought it, and we built the building for the Blue Ridge Shoe Company, which they still operate on a rental basis. Same is true with the Vermont American that is operated on a rental basis as far as the building is concerned. The “Echoes of the Blue Ridge” finally developed into “Horn in the West” and has been one of the great advertising projects for Boone and Watauga County. It resulted from an invitation to Kermit Hunter to be the speaker at the Chamber of Commerce where we persuaded him to write the story, and we conducted a finance campaign for the money to build the theatre for the “Horn in the West” and again I had the privilege of being the director of the finance campaign. That’s about the story of my connection with the development of industry and the “Horn in the West.” I have remained as an active worker in the Chamber of Commerce, but recently no major projects. Now, what other questions do you want answered? BB: Were you also connected with Coleman’s Tobacco Warehouse? SH: Well, soon after I came here probably in 1950, Coleman employed me as a sales supervisor and at that time had the radio program promoting the tobacco warehouse and Boone as a tobacco market. I’m still the sales supervisor for Coleman, though we have not had a radio program as such for the last five years. Before warehouse #1 burned, the year before that we sold in excess of six million pounds of tobacco ant the Boone market. Less than 1/3 of that tobacco came from Watauga County, and a considerable proportion of it came from Tennessee and Virginia, but the tobacco warehouse in Boone has been a great help to the farmers, not only in Watauga County, but in this whole section, and last year sold in excess of four million pounds for mighty close to $3 million. BB: You organized the first Rotary Club, is that correct? First director? SH: I was one of the group that organized the Rotary Club in Boone and because I had previously been a Rotarian was elected the district governor for District 780 which included all of Western, N.C. from Charlotte and West Jefferson through to Murphy, some 40 clubs. BB: What I’d like to ask you now is a few questions on the Depression. When did the Great Depression start as best you can remember? SH: Well, the Depression started in 1929. We had a very prosperous period after the war closed, and things were going great when the Stock Market had a tremendous setback, and by 1931 we were in perhaps the worst Depression we had ever had. This Depression didn’t seriously affect me because I was then employed actually by one of the Rockefeller 3 �organizations, and they didn’t cut my salary, but salaries went down in many instances, more than 50% and thousands of people were out of work. It was during that time I decided to build a rock house over in Cove Creek and believe it or not, purchased well finished lumber at $14 a thousand, employed labor only one carpenter on the job got more than 35 cents an hour, and he as the foreman in building the house made a little more than that but not much more. Common labor could have been had for ten cents an hour, but I couldn’t persuade myself to go quite that low and paid 15 cents an hour for common labor. The rock that built the house was delivered to the site for a dollar a yard, and even the rock mason made about 75 cents and hour, which is not much more than 10% what the same would cost today, and while we later sold the Cove Creek house to Gene Wilson and his wife, we decided to live in an apartment, and not finding what we wanted, we bought the lot on W. Queen Street and built West Apartments, which five or six years ago we sold to a corporation which now owns them, but I still manage the apartments. BB: Where were you living at the start of the Great Depression? SH: Well, we were living on Cove Creek though I was travelling out of New York and came home about once a month for a few days, and sort of kept track of things, but Mary and the children ran the house. BB: How many were in the family at that time? SH: We had two children: Stanley, Jr. who was born in 1923. Wait a minute, he was born in 1920, and Martha was born in 1923. BB: Was there a scarcity of food during that time? SH: No scarcity of food. The scarcity was anything but, and since my salary was continued, I made more clear money from 1930 to 1936 than I had ever made prior to that. BB: Did you raise crops? SH: We had a big garden, but as far as farming is concerned, I didn’t do any farming. Anything that was done on the farm was done on a rental basis, and that was not a cash binder, but a percentage of the income. But we had a big garden, and I got some prestige as a grower of roses, for we had a very beautiful rose garden. BB: What animals did you have on the farm? SH: Well, part of the time we had a milk cow or two which Stanley learned to milk as a ten year old youngster, and we usually kept a horse that we could ride or plow, but we made no attempt to be farmers, but we did have a good vegetable garden along with the roses. 4 �BB: We’re you familiar with any of the government projects during the Depression? SH: Not too much familiar with government projects during the Depression, though during World War One, I was a federal director of the boy’s working reserve, which organized boys to work to produce food during the war, and a big part of that was done by Boy Scouts who produced the gardens especially the big garden in Washington, D.C.. The garden was down on the peninsula that furnished vegetables not only for the White House, but Walter Reed Hospital, major hotels in Washington, and was honored frequently by a visit from Mrs. Wilson, wife of the president, and on a few occasions President Wilson accompanied Mrs. Wilson to the garden for she always picked up her own vegetables twice a week. I didn’t do the technical work that was done by a man from the agricultural department who supervised that big garden, but I promoted the idea of boys doing things for the government not only making gardens, but distributing literature, making Black Walnut surveys, and numerous sundry other things, but I had very little to do with government projects during the Depression years. BB: Were prices higher or lower during the Depression? SH: They were down at the bottom. I don’t know the figures, but certainly meat prices weren’t much more than 10% of the present price today, and as far as I have any memory, there was abundance of food if you had to pay for it. BB: Did new ways of making money arise due to these conditions. SH: I didn’t make any money except my salary until I retired, but since I retired I made considerable money out of projects I’ve been interested in. BB: Do you remember any of the banks closing? SH: Oh, yes. The Watauga County Bank in which my wife and children kept their deposit was closed, and their deposit frozen. That’d didn’t affect me very much because I had continued to keep my account in a bank in Chattanooga which, while it was frozen for a short time, reorganized and went right on in business, and from my frozen deposit was promptly reinstated. But there was another bank or two in the county that was closed and if the Northwestern Bank hadn’t taken over the assets of the Watauga County Bank, there would have been a worse Depression in Watauga County. But the Northwestern Bank took over the assets of the Watauga County, and some months earlier Mrs. Harris sold her stock in the Watauga County Bank, but most of the stockholders, in fact, I suppose all of the stockholders lost their stock, and not only that, they had to put up an amount equal to the base value of their stock, which was $100 a share before the Northwestern Bank took it over. And that was a real Depression. BB: What were the community reactions to the bank’s closing? SH: Well, of course, everybody that had any interest in the bank, particularly the stockholders 5 �were very much concerned and some of them very bitter at the officers of the bank. By they had loaned too much money to too many people that couldn’t pay and therefore there was nothing that the officers of the bank could do but accept the closing when that was decreed by the federal government. BB: Whom do you blame for the collapse of the bank? SH: Oh, I think the officers of the bank were too liberal in their loaning money, therefore, had a very good many notes that weren’t collectable. I don’t think that there was any one individual that was particular responsible. It was the policy of the bank to loan money particularly to farmers and a number of the farmers not only couldn’t pay their notes, but some of them lost their farms and that was one of the reasons they go so bitter at the bank. BB: Did the schools change very much during the Depression? SH: All the schools went on as far as the country schools are concerned, teachers were paid $25, $35, or $45 a month, but that was in line with other things at that time, so as well as I observed there wasn’t much let down in public school situation. BB: Did the businesses and country stores change very much? SH: Well, some of the businesses and went into bankruptcy, but not too much change in the major businesses. They weren’t making money, but nobody else was making money at that time, so they went along with the crowd. BB: What do you think caused the Depression? SH: Well, I had an experience in connection with the Depression that always stood out with me. I went as the guest of a very prominent stockbroker to a dinner in Dallas. Everybody was asking him questions about how to get rich on the stock market, and he finally got a little irritated at that attitude and gave them a good lection about trying to make money without working for it, and told them that if that attitude kept up there was going to be a Depression, and hence I was sort of close to it. What happened was, as he told me later, he went back to New York, and had the stocks that he held analyzed and began to sell the stocks that they thought were dangerous, and as they began to sell, prices began to go down. I’ve always thought that the fact of his starting to sell stocks was one of the basic reasons why stocks began to go down. Because if he were selling stocks at a lower price, pretty soon everybody was looking for them at that price. And as a result, stocks went down, and that was the beginning of the Great Depression. Fact of it is, I had some stock that I paid as much as $20 a share for that went down to $1.25 a share. I didn’t sell mine for several years after the Depression was over and finally sold them for $60 a share instead of the $1.25 that I would have gotten for them in 1931, or 6 �1932. And that was an illustration of what happened in the stock market. BB: Who was hurt worst by the Depression? SH: Well, the common people are always hurt worst. Laborers, small investors, small businesses. They were the ones that were really hurt. BB: Well, what do you think was best about the Depression? SH: What was that? BB: What do you think was best about the Depression days? SH: Well, it probably brought out the stamina of the American people and showed that by hard work, they could still live, even if they didn’t live like they had been accustomed to living. But I think it emphasized the importance of hard work and striking with it that would be valuable today. Most of our troubles today are because people don’t want to work and a good many people don’t want to put out their best at work, whether it be in building a house or running a business. BB: How is life different today from life during the Depression? SH: Well, it’s only different in the luxuries we have. Very few people had automobiles. You could buy a good Ford or a Chevrolet for four or five hundred dollars, but most people didn’t have four or five hundred dollars. BB: What do you like best about today’s way of life? SH: Well, I like the comfort of feeling that I have a reasonable income, likely to have as much as I actually need as long as I live. I hope to be at least another ten years because I’m only 90 and I want to get to be 100. BB: If you could change anything about the way things are now, what would you want to change and why? SH: I’d want to change the willingness to work more than anything else, and I think people are happier and live longer when they’re working and that’s the reason I keep working now, because if you keep busy whatever your job may be and try to put out the best you can. You don’t have so much time to worry about the aches in your knees and your back and so forth. There could be a different attitude toward life and willingness to do anything that needs to be done. BB: I would like to ask you some questions concerning your childhood. 7 �SH: As a kid, I was connected with a lumber company. There were seven of boys and we did whatever work there was done on the farm, but I happened to be down among the younger ones and older ones didn’t like farm work, so by the time I was 12 or 13 was the ‘chief on the farm.’ What little farming we did and one of the big jobs was to get my younger brothers to do what I thought was their part in taking care of the farm. Father did encourage us to get through high school and we all did. I was the only one of the three younger boys that finished college, but we all got through high school. We didn’t have any of the luxuries and we worked even as kids. I think one of the troubles with youth today and I don’t think there are nearly as many of them as people think, but one of the troubles is that children are given too much and are not required to make an adequate return for it. I think you can spoil the child by giving him too much maybe worse than if you made it pretty hard on them. BB: Could you give me the name of your parents and their birthplace? SH: My father was William J. Harris and he was born out in the county from Abingdon, Virginia, where his father owned considerable farmland. My mother was born just this side of Mountain City, Tennessee, on the road about two miles this side of Shouns (Tennessee). Their education was limited to grade school. I don’t think either one of them ever went to college, but they appreciated the importance of their children getting an education, and while they didn’t have back in those days much money to help them through college, they did encourage us to make our own way so I worked my way through college and that was good for me. BB: How much schooling did your brothers and sisters have? SH: All of them went to high school, what in those days was considered high school. My brother Kemp went to college to study to be a minister and had the best education of any of us, including me, but he didn’t go to college until after he had decided to go into the ministry and that was when he was 25 or 30 years old. He was like a lot of other ministers now, young ministers, he went to college and pastored a small church some place, and managed to get through college that way. BB: Wen you came to this area what sorts of churches were there? SH: Well, over in Cove Creek where I taught school and where I lived, there was a Methodist and a Baptist church, Henson’s Chapel and Cove Creek Baptist Church that is still there. So far as my knowledge is concerned there was an Episcopal church, a Methodist church, and a Baptist church in Boone. But I did not know too much about them even when I was teaching at Cove Creek. BB: To which church did most people in the community belong? SH: Baptist. 8 �BB: What were they like at that time and how have they changed? SH: I don’t see too much change so far as the religions attitudes concerned. I think they’re a little bit more liberal toward other churches than they used to be, that’s true to both Baptist and Methodist. I think my father tried to give me the impression that all Catholics had “horns and trails” and I learned that people in the Catholic Church were just as fine as the people in some other churches so that seems to be a drifting of not being so antagonistic toward some other and I think that’s true between the Baptist and the Methodist, all the others. BB: How did this community get its name? SH: Well, as far as I know it was the legend of Daniel Boone that gave this particular community its name. How much Daniel Boone really ever stopped here is still a question. He undoubtedly passed through a few times. BB: How and why was it formed in the first place? SH: I don’t know the answer to that; I suppose it was just sort of grew up as most places do to start with. I think that the Dougherty boys and the school had had a tremendous influence on the building of the town. They just had vision, they didn’t have much to work with back in those days but they got a school started and kept it going. BB: How had the community changed over the years? SH: Well, it has changed a lot in the comforts of the people that lived in the community, other than that I don’t see too much change. A large proportion of the people now are making pretty good wages and they’re living them up pretty large. Businesses have grown, some of them tremendously. BB: Who have been the community decision makers? SH: Well, the folks at the Northwestern Bank have been a tremendous influence in making the community. Alfred Adams has been chairman of the industry committee, and from a business standpoint there is nothing that has even approached the importance of the industry committee of the Chamber of Commerce in building the community from a standpoint of industry. BB: Have the Dougherty’s been in this decision making group? SH: Yes, very definitely. One of the interesting things to me was that back when I first came here, Dr. Blan Dougherty was very much opposed to developing industry, but a few years later he had a very definite change of mind and particularly in the promotion of the International Resistance Company (IRC) and a very important promoter of industry. Of course he had one love, and it was above everything else, and it was the college, which he built up from a little 9 �grade school to a quite sizeable college and laid the foundations for a tremendous growth that happened under Dr. Plemmons as president and is still happening under Dr. Wey. BB: Could you give me any other names of really important decision makers in the community? SH: Well, I think Clyde Greene and Russell Hodges were of tremendous importance, and the Winklers have been important promoters, especially Ralph and Gordon. The three Wilcox boys – Herman, Charlie, and Dempsey have been tremendously important people in developing this community. BB: Would you list the Farthings and the Councills among these also? SH: Well, the Farthings and Councills held a lot of property and Grady Farthing has been tremendously important as president of the Watauga Savings and Loan which, when I first became connected with it, had assets of very much less than $500,000. Now I understand their assets are listed at about 36 million. Grady Farthing has been tremendously important in that connection. Home of the best citizens in the county were Farthings, but Grady stands out as the high man so far as promoting the community is concerned. BB: Are there any minority groups in the community? SH: Oh, yes. There are minority groups, but they’re much better off than they are in cities, and we don’t have much trouble with the minority groups whether they be black or something else. BB: Were some families poorer than others? SH: Oh, sure! That’s true today. Home families barely lived while others were living in luxury. BB: Did the others look out for them to a certain extent? SH: A little, not much. BB: How many people were in the community? SH: Well, the first time I came to Boone, there must not have been over 300 or 400 people living in what is now Boone. There weren’t any paced streets or even “MacAdamized” streets, there were just mud roads and when it rained they were really muddy roads. BB: Has the population changed greatly? SH: Numerically, of course, it has changed greatly. A large number of people now living in Boone lived in the county but a greater number of people lived outside. From an educated standpoint, there’s a very tremendous difference. Back when I first came here there was very few that you could called educated. Now, a large portion of the population is at least high 10 �school educated. A very large proportion of the high school graduates go on to college. BB: Do you think there was a certain time that the population changed was greater, or was there a sudden influx of people, or was there a gradual change over the years? SH: Well, while there was a gradual change, there have been two or three instances where there was an influx, and the last five years have properly been the worse, or the best whichever one you want to put it. BB: Concerning transportation, how did people get around in the community? SH: Back then they walked, or rode a mule. Home of the better ones had a buggy. The automobile finally came, and very few had automobiles, but it kept picking up and picking up and automobile companies have probably sold more new cars this year, ten to one than there were in the county in 1947 when I came back here. BB: Where did the roads and railroads run? SH: Well, of course 421 was mapped out east and west of Boone, 321 and 221 were mapped out but they weren’t paved or fixed up. The road to Blowing Rock was one of the best, but that was organized as a toll road and you had to pay a toll to go over it. The county roads were generally poor and generally dirt. Paving the roads has been done in the last 20 years, mostly. BB: When were the railroads built? SH: Well, the Tweetsie Railroad built into here, I think, was built back in the teens, and was built primarily as a lumber road, though they had passenger coaches. Fact of it is, the railroad didn’t come beyond Cranberry when I was a boy and the first train that I ever road on was the Tweetsie from Elk Park all the way to Cranberry, but I remember very well how afraid I was of it. My brother carried me onboard, and I got down to Cranberry, and that was about 81-83 years ago. They built on up here (to Boone) after the William Ritter Lumber Company had developed Pineola, which they called Saginaw largely, and the Linville River Railway came on into Boone, but both of them from Cranberry to Boone was primarily built for lumber. BB: Are you familiar with any of the mountain crafts or customs? SH: No, not familiar enough to talk about it. BB: Are you familiar with the folktales, legends, or superstitions of this area? SH: Well, I’m not too familiar with that. 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Sound A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. Artist Harris, Stanley (interviewee) Brinkley, Bill (interviewer) Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 03:07, Depression; 01:44 Work ethic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Stanley Austin Harris, date unknown Description An account of the resource Stanley Austin Harris was born on October 31, 1882 in Trade, Tennessee, and reared in Avery County. The son of a Confederate officer, after graduating from Tennessee Wesleyan College in 1903, he worked for the Young Men's Christian Association (Y.M.C.A.) in Kentucky where he was introduced to the British Boy Scout movement. He chartered a troop from the British Scouting movement in 1908, two years before the Scouting program was established in the United States. He started working for the Boy Scouts of America in 1917 until his retirement in 1947 at the national office in New York City. In 1926, he was the director of the Interracial Service where his responsibility was to build positive relationships with African American and Native American communities across the nation. The Harris family lived in Boone while he worked in New York City, but would commute by train every few weeks. In 1942, Stanley Harris was awarded an honorary doctorate of humanities from the historically black university Tuskegee Institute; the first Caucasian to receive this honor. Upon retiring, he lived in Boone and was very active with local businesses and civic groups. During the interview he focuses largely on his retired life and talks about his childhood, the Depression, and Boone history. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource unknown Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 12 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0"><Folder><name>OpenLayers export</name><description>Exported on Thu Oct 24 2013 14:22:23 GMT-0400 (Eastern Standard Time)</description></Folder></kml>||||osm Avery County (N.C.) <kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0"><Folder><name>OpenLayers export</name><description>Exported on Thu Oct 24 2013 14:22:23 GMT-0400 (Eastern Standard Time)</description></Folder></kml>||||osm Watauga County (N.C) Subject The topic of the resource Harris, Stanley Austin--Interviews Boy Scouts of America Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Watauga County (N.C.)--History--20th century Avery County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Tennessee--Social life and customs--20th century Avery County Boone Boy Scouts of America Depression Kentucky Rotary Club Stanley Harris Tennessee Wesleyan College Tennesssee Tuskegee Institute Watauga Centennial Celebration Watauga County N.C.