1 50 15 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/bd92e4fbc33066336189ab94cb2cebd3.pdf faafa5c5af75e827adb96e85cb965890 PDF Text Text ������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal Index, 1983-1993</em> Description An account of the resource This document is a topical index to all 38 issues of&nbsp;<em><a href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/items/browse?collection=79" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</a>.&nbsp;</em> &nbsp;<em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians,&nbsp;</em> later simplified to &nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal,&nbsp;</em>was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.</em></p> Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Periodicals--Indexes Sustainable living--Periodicals--Indexes North Carolina, Western Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rob Messick Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource periodical indexes PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Agriculture Alternative Energy Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Bioregional Definitions Black Bears Book Reviews Cherokees Children's Page Community Death and Dying Earth Energies Ecological Peril Economic Alternatives Education Electric Power Companies European Immigration Fire Folklore and Ceremony Forest History Forest Issues Forest Practice Geography Glossaries Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Hunting Katúah Katúah Organization Permaculture Pigeon River Plants and Herbs Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Sacred Sites Shelter South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/a1feba40871ce614a08133c6846cda92.pdf 9ea20a95b097d62eeecabfc775e81415 PDF Text Text ---~ ATUAB $JOO ~ ISSUE XII ) " SUMMER 1986 �LIVI~ IN 'THE GARC>EN..............................................•...•...............1 r.c Tl-E Nl.n.EAR FEFERENDl.M..---···..····----·······-··········-···.3 SHIIT'Ali<E•••.••.•..•.•..•.......•......••••..•........................................................4 "Tl-E WATER CYCLE": A PC:EM...................................................•..6 'THE SACRE.D SCA,RAB.•...•...•...........................................................7 CIRCl.ES ~UNICATIC:>l'il-................................................•...8 a= fEVIEW: JHEWISE VOMN HERBAL FOO Tl-IE Cl-tll.DBEARI~ YEAR...........................................9 REVBV: 1HE SMALL-scAl..E AQ.JACULTI.JAE BOOK..........10 C3C:XD MEDONE: TOOA,COO.........................................................12 SUN ROOT.....•...................................................................................14 POEM: "THE HCMESTEAD ~ HORN MCX.JNTAIN"....-.............14 "HD..AHl'VlJ_.": THE FORMATIQ\J OF 1HE APPAl..ACl-tlAN ~NTAINS.............................................15 NATIJRAL ~ NEWS..............................................................19 '1l£ WIUDNTIEE": ACHILDREN'S STORY......-.................25 •. ,·,· i.~ '" NABC II...............................................................................................:;., M N ,.... Q) N ~ H ...l 0 ~ u i5 ~ ~ tj ~ g u M• ,.... co t< :i Q co = g 11111 ti ~ ... fj a 8 fll co a a ~ �...... ATUAH ~ Tf£ ffiSSlBLE ffiMOlst: LtUING 1 THE: GAPlOc(\) N "The garden", as it is known in the community below, occupies a small clearing among the folded ridges of the Black Mountains. In the summer the Rarden blooms profusely. Flowers, shrubs, vegetables, and trees crowd toget~r in what first appears to be a wild disarray of diverse colors and textures falling over the stone terraces stacked up the hillside. A tiny log cabin and gnomish yurt stand at the edge of the trees to one side, while "the pavilion", a large buildmg that is both work space and community danc~ hall looms above. In the midst ofthe riot of Rrowth, partners Joe Hollis and Rhea Rose Orm1Jnd work, looking like the small human figures in the middle of a Chinese paiflling. Joe has been on this site for 15 years now, intuitively creating an enviroMMnt to meet his particular needs of habitation, and consciously attuning and adapting himself to his chosen niche. KATUAH - page 1 ISSUE XII SUMMm 1986 by Joe Hollis illustrations by Rhea Rose Ormond "I came here with an idea to start a garden. It took: me a couple of years to clear trees and to build this cabin where I live now. But then I started to garden. I started right in front of the cabin, and I've been working out since then. The soil is good here; there's a lot of leaf mold in it. But it took: a lot of clearing to get out the roots, the stumps, the black:benies and the rocks. It is extremely rocky in this hollow. Some kind of landslide ended up here. The rocks are all jumbled; you can see how they ended up on top of each other. As I began to dig them out. I made rock piles. Then. to get rid of the rock piles, I made walls. Now this whole hillside is a tcrraccd garden, and the terraces are still growing. There arc rock piles down there right now waiting to get laid up. "I started with the standard flowering percnniaJ plants poppy, Sweet William, bulbs. All good, sturdy local varieties that I'd get by trading with old ladies down in the neighborhood. Then when I bad some walls laid up, I got the idea to put strawberries among the stones. Once I had the notion that plants could help tie the walls together, I stumbled into the world of rock gardening. For many people, rock - continued on p. 13 Summer 1986 �' 2!2·,·!l·.·#jW:·,·H:l U¢iijiJ@ld!#lt·UO,. · il!ll. EDITORIAL STAFF THIS ISSUE: Rob Messick Martha Tree Martha Overlock J. Linn Mackey David Wheeler Will Ashe Bason Chip Smith Mamie Muller Michael Red Fox Scott Bird Brad Stanback Judith Hallock EDITORIAL ASSISIANCE: Joe Roberts Brooks Michael Jeff Fobes EDITORIAL OFFICE THIS ISSUE: Asheville, NC PRINTEPBY: Sylva lk.rsls1 Publishing Co. Sylva, NC WEITEUSAI: TELEPHONE: (704) 252-9167 Kmih Box 873 Cullowbee, NC 28723 COVER· Rob Messick JR\10CllTJ0R 'fthf!""--. ~ Wt:. c.o.J£ ~ Cl..~E­ 'f~f'lhs: . . wf. CD.fl Live 'f~t::.f:h.Ef" . . . 'ti£ f ~r -.- CJ).N or Uu5t 'WE COil W E eDN 'f~lher .. . wrz 'f~ will OlrsdW:S. \w;al. ~ E"ARt\\ · T~ ... '11€ ~ bir-th f~ .. . paicE. our bo.bes. ~ ~ ~'4ES­ ~K as ONE". .. _ 'ti£ wi\\ uvf. oor clIEoJftS . Statement ofPurpose Here in the southern-most heanland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turtle Island, a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibiliry for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibiliry centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and laws. We begin by invoking the Cherokee name "Kariiah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this area, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is the only way to ensure the sustainability of our biosphere and a lasting place for~ ourselves in its contifll4ing evolutionary process. ) , We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a "db or die" situation in terms of a contilll4ed quality standard of life on this planet. It is the aim ofthis journal tO db its part in the re-inhabitation and re-culturation of the Kamah province of the Southern Appalachians. This province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the New River vicinity to the north; the foothills ofthe piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hill.s to the south; and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. Humbly, as self-appointed stewards with sacred instructions as "new natives" to protect and preserve its sacredness, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization and hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainabiliry and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this plaa. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent informa1ion, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes that K1l1fJ.gh will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing family members. • The Editors The Internal Revenue Service has declared K.aWAh a non-profit organization under section 50J(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. All contributions to KilWlb. are deductible from personal income tax. Summer 19 6 �I THE IMPORTANCE OF SAYING "NO" ' THE NORTH CAROLINA NUCLEAR WASTE REFERENDUM by Avram Friedman On May 6, 1986, 93% of the electorate in North Carolina rejected the location of a high level nuclear waste and spent fuel repository in that state. At first glance' this event may not seem astounding, but its political significance is potentially far-reaching and could mean a watershed of good news for environmentalists on the local, state, regional, and national levels. The news of this referendum is still so fresh that as of yet many organiz.ations, active individuals, and politicians have not grasped the meaning of what has happened. A Powerful New Tool For Local Organizations A powerful tool has just been handed to anti-nuclear waste, anti-nuclear energy, and environmental organiz.ations in North Carolina State officials and politicians who have their fingers lifted to the winds to sense the public mood, just ran into a hurricane. 1t is now a matter of public record that Nonh Carolinians almost unanimously reject participation in one part of the nuclear fuel cycle. Politicians can now be effectively pressured into taking further environmentally responsible actions. For example, since the referendum, the Citizens for a Choice on Nuclear Waste (CCNW), of Jackson County, has informed every state legislator that North Carolina should not enter into a "compact" with other southeastern states that would result in this state receiving all th~low-level radioactive waste produced by the entire region. CCNW told the politicians that the public would be informed how each legislator votes on the issue when the decision is made this July in Raleigh. Will politicians dare to stand against 93% of the public in an election year? Although the entire 93% cannot necessarily be transferred from one related issue to the next, a politician can only use the information available to him/her to draw assumptions about the public mood. The only concrete indication available at this time, concerning nuclear issues, is the waste referendum. Combined with the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April, the THERE WILL BE NO "SUSPENSION"OF To those who have worked on the related issues of the nuclear waste dump, the Monitored Retrievable Storage Facility (MRS), and the transportation of nuclear waste through the mountains of KatUah, it is blatantly obvious that the recent announcemer.t l.>y Energy Secretary John Herrington that the search for an eastern waste suppository has been "suspended" is a political move designed to take the heat off the incumbent administration until after the next presidential elections, at which time the hunt for the second nuclear waste suppository will be continued at full force. It is hard to believe the degree of callousness of those who would toy in this way with the hopes, the dreams, and the expectations of the people who live in the affected areas. Ultimately, their scheme will backfire, because eventually the people will know that they have been disenfranchised by the machinations of the technocrats who seem to wield so much power in government While it may put people to sleep for a time, in the end it will serve only to drive home the realization that doing away with nuclear involvement altogether is the only permanent solution to the problem of nuclear waste. Besides the obvious goal of manipulating the electoral vote, the strategic purposes of this move, the "suspension announcement", are twofold: First, the nuclear consortium hopes to divide the anti-waste movement They hope KA AH-page 3 that by offering a false security to the residents of the eastern states, they can increase the pressure on the western states to force a nuclear waste dump on them. Onoe this is accomplished, they will then tum their full attention to the goal of establishing a second dump site in the east The bureaucrats' second purpose is to create a lull in which they might establish an MRS facility in eastern Tennessee. The MRS always has been and still is the !'mt step in the strategy to bring a nuclear waste dump into the Appalachians. Allowing the MRS to be emplaced would constitute an engraved invitation to emplant a nuclear waste suppository in Katfiah sometime in the future. In one way the "suspension" announcement is helpful. It makes clear the difference between the politicians who are working in the interests of the people of this area and in the interests of the land itself and those politicians who are working strictly in their own interest or on behalf of large corporations in other parts of the country. Those who do not care about this land and its people are parading about crowing, "It's over! We've won! It's all finished now!" They are trying to disarm us and put us to sleep in the face of an impending nuclear catastrophe. But the leaders who have the interests of the people at heart are cautioning that the mountain interstates are stiJJ prime routes for the transportation of nuclear wastes and still referendum bas dramatically shifted the burden of popular support to the nuclear industry. Anti-nuclear groups will find it much easier to convince politicians that the safe political ground lies in opposing nukes. In addition to the political leverage gained in dealing with legislative action, anti-dump groups and individuals will now find it much easier and safer to carry out further actions against the U.S. Department · continued on . 26 DISBELIEF opposing the MRS. A truly conscientious leader would exhibit the courage to call for a moratorium on the construction and operation of all new nuclear facilities, but a leader of such caliber has not yet stepped forward. The "suspension" of the nuclear waste dump plan in the east does not mean a suspension of interest on the part of the DOE, but rather the suspension of a panicular strategic approach that has proved a failure. The DOE is simply going to approach its self-chosen task more carefully, trying to diYide and then conquer the anti-suppository movement and to disarm the people of Katuab in hopes they would awaken one day in the future to be faced with afait accompli in the form of an MRS facility installed in Tennessee just waiting to package high-level radioactive wastes for a second waste suppository in Appalachia. If this country is to have a nuclear future, and there is no doubt that this is what the DOE, the present political administration, and the giant energy corporations desire, there will necessarily have to be a second nuclear waste dump. The recent "suspension" of activity makes clear our task: to expose the actual environmental and economic costs of nuclear power and to promote the development of a more viable fuel to power our future. , ummer 1986 �by Michael Red Fox The generic name is Lentinus e®des, but say "shc-i-ta'-kee" if you want people to know that you arc talking about an oriental mushroom that has become a popular item in western urban gourmet cuisine. Long known in both China and Japan as "The Emperor's Food" and jealously guarded by Samurai warriors, shiitake today offers the more democratic promise of being a low-cost way to diversify small farm income and to improve the health of regular users. Demand for the dark brown, wide-gilled shiitakc mushrooms far exceeds the present supply. Why the demand? Because as well as being renowned for its flavor, the easily grown mush.room resists bruising and spoiling and can be quickly pickled, canned, or dried (remaining nutritious for 13 months). Using beat to dry shiitakc enhances certain popular navor characteristics. Shiitakc rehydrates well and when cooked maintains its color and impartS a smokey. full-bodied, aromatic navor while maintaining a delightfully delicate, fleshy texture. It can be added to any dish which uses the familiar white mushroom, though much Jess shiitakc is needed. Shiitakc has twice the protein value of the common mushroom and contains all eight essential amino acids in proportions similar to that or milk and animal nesh. It is low in calorics and contains large amounts of B vitamins and minerals. For centuries, the Japanese have priud the health· giving benefits of shiitake. Now modern research shows that shiitake reduces scrum cholesterol, strengthens the immune system against viral diseases, and bas prevented or caused remission of certain typeS of tumors in mice. Sbiitake already generates more than $1 billion annually in export sales for Japan. There arc nearly 200,000 shiitake growers in Japan raising 161,000 metric tons of shlitake every year. Toby Farris, head of the USDA Mushroom Project in Asheville, NC, estimates that small farms in KatUah can increase their incomes 30% by growing shiitakc. But he suggests that small farmers gradually develop shiitakc cultivation as a stabilizing second income rather than trying to turn it into a get-rich.quick scheme. Market price of fresh shiitake is anywhere from $4.00 - 20.00 per pound. This price varies according to the quality of GROWING SHIITAKE - HERE'S HOW There arc six key cultivation phases in growing shiitakc, each of which requires careful attention. These arc: 1) obtaining viable inoculum (spawn) in pure culture and storing it until use, 2) preparing logs for cultivation, 3) inoculation, 4) laying the logs to favor fungal growth, 5) raising the spawn to favor fruiting, and 6) harvesting and storing the crop. Spawn: Shiitakc spawn is usually grown on small dowel or peg-like pieces of wood 3/8 to 3/4 inches in length that are supplied in sealed autoclaved plastic containers. Occasionally it is grown on sawdust. The spawn should be moist, generally white, and appear rather fuzzy. Spawn may be kept as long as one year under refrigeration. The retail cost of spawn varies widely, so it would pay to carefully check different prices and quality. the product and the location of the market A com of oak firewood can sell for as little as $30.00. That same cord of wood could produce between $1,000 - 2,000 of shiitake during the average five-year life cycle. Preparing the logs: The most important ingredient of a good shHtakc farm is a sustainable source of hardwoods, prefcrabTy oak,. 6CCCii, or hornbeam. Softer hardwoods, such as poplar and maple arc being used experimentally to nurture shiitakc mushrooms, but whether they have a commercial future is still uncertain. White, black, northern red, and chestnut oak wilJ hold onto their bark and maintain the proper moisture content for shiitake. Thick-barked trees, such as locust, hamper the inoculations and spread of the shiitakc spawn. A growing area is necessary that provides protection from direct sunlight (70-85% shade is best) and from strong winds. Nearby there must be a good source of clean water. Shiitake is a non-pathogenic fungus and will not grow on living tissues. It survives on dead wood only and must establish itself before competitive fungi colonize the wood. For these reasons, only live trees arc cut for shiitakc cultivation. Cutting the live tree is best done in the fall or winter to capture the supply of sugar stored in the dormant wood. Also the bark tends to stay on the logs longer if the trees arc cut when the leaves arc gone. Keeping the bark on the logs and keeping it intact is �critical for proper moisture control and to block competitive "weed" fungi Logs are cut to 3-5 foot lengths and may be 2-8 inches in diameter. Branches may also be used. Seal the ends of the logs with a latex paint or soft wax to provide a moisture barrier and to keep out the "weed fungi". It is important to keep the exposed log ends from coming in contact with the soil. Therefore, never skid the logs from the forest. Soil contact greatly increases contamination of the logs. Stack the logs off the ground for six weeks to allow the natural defense mechanism against fungi to die off and allow the moisture level to adjust to 50-70%. How will you know when the logs have reached the proper moisture level? It can be measured by slicing off the end of a log and weighing it This figure is the net weight Weigh the cut end again after it has been dried overnight in a warm oven. This figure is the dry weight. Subtracting the dry weight from net weight gives the weight of the water in the slice. Dividing that figure by the net weight of the piece gives the percent of moisture in the log. Before inoculation, scrape lichen, mosses and debris off the logs without damaging the barlc. Inoculation: Inoculation is best done when daytime temperatures are 50-60 degrees F and the coldest weather is past. March and April are the best times to inoculate. Inoculation should be done in a shaded area to avoid direct exposure of the spawn to sunlight To inoculate the logs, drill holes 6-8 inches apart in a row along the length of the log. Insert a dowel in each hole immediately after drilling. Space the rows so that the holes are staggered and 2-3 inches apart around the citcumfercnce of the log. Tap the dowels in gently with a hammer and immediately brush over the plug with a thin layer of wax. Growth begins almost immediately under favorable conditions. If sawdust-grown spawn is used, the holes should be completely filled with the sawdust-and-spawn mixture. Laying: In practice, most failures in shiitake cultivation have been traced to incorrect stacking of the logs in the "laying yard" that creates conditions that favor "weed fungi" instead of the shiitake. Logs should be laid at a 45 degree angle to encourage growth of the shiitake mycelia. They should be reversed every 2-4 months to encourage even mycelial growth. In addition, the logs may be soaked in water for 18-24 hours if necessary during exceptionally dry periods. The optimum conditions in the laying yard are temperatures between 59-82 degrees F and a relative humidity of 80-85%. Raising: The following winter the logs can be moved to the "raising yard". There they arc laid nearly upright or stacked log cabin style and kept shaded and moist until fruiting. A relatively dry log surface will help discourage the growth of surface molds. Therefore, if logs are watered artificially, they should be watered thoroughly for a relatively short period of time. Studies show that if motsture is maintained near 70%, a 50% increase in production will result, but light, frequent waterings should be avoided. In commercial production, dehydration of the logs followed by soaking in cool water 55-70 degrees F is often done to stimulate fruiting. Logs that have been dehydrated usually produce bumper crops within a week of being soaked! Soaking also tends to eliminate cerUin kinds of pests. Any logs that lose their bark should be discarded. Old logs should be disposed of in a separate location a good distance from the cultivation site. logs ca.n provide 3-5 years of consistent cropping of shiitake mushrooms. Cultivated in the Orient for more than 400 years and praised as the "ginseng of mushrooms" and "elixir of life'', shiitake offers special promise for small farmers in Katuah. Happy 'shrooming! SOURCES OF SHIITAKE MUSHROOM SPAWN AND CULTIVATION AIDS: Fruiting: Shiitake is capable of fruiting only after the mycelia have completely colonized the log. First fruiting usually occurs early in spring or in late fall of the year following inoculation. At this time, a fuzzy white fungal growth can be seen at the cut ends of the Jog in the sapwood area, especially just under the bark. From this time on, conditions should be altered w favor fruiting. To fruit, the fungus requires abundant moisture, sufficient air movement, and little exposure to light Fruiting is favored by cool nights of 46-72 degrees F followed by warm days and a constantly high relative humidity of 85-90%. When the mushrooms appear, the caps begin as round buttons and flatten out as the mushroom matures. They will eventually reach a size of 2-6 inches in diameter. A flush of shiitake may last a week. Harvesting: Mushrooms are harvested as the cap begins to open to expose the gills. Fresh shiitake can be stored under refrigeration in ventilated containers for 2 weeks. Continuing Harvests: After ceasing to produce mushrooms, the logs must be rested for 3-6 months in an environment similar to the raising conditions. Winter conditions in KatUah ordinarily would not damage the mycelia as they lay dormant, ready to flush again during the next spring and again the following fall. Properly treated and cured, American Forest Mushroom Association P.O. Box 1362 Asheville, NC 28802 Ellie Corporation Route 1 Arvonia, VA 23004 Mushroompeople P.O. Box 158 Inverness, CA 94937 Dr. Yoo Farm P.O. Box 290 College Park, MD 20740 REFERENCES: Shiitake News ($25 I year) from Forest Resource Center Route 2, Box 156-A Lanesboro, MN 55949 Shiitake Oardcnine and Fannin& by Bob Harris ($3.00) CUltiyation of Shiitake The Japanese forest Mushroom. on Loes by Gary Leatham ($1.50) How to erow Forest Mushrooms CShiitakel by Daniel D. Kuo and Maw H. Kuo ($10.45) (Books listed above are available from Mushroompeople) " �KATUAH - page 6 Sum.mer 1986 �I have been _successfully experimenting with scandt1'cctles and their larvae as an answer to the problem of disposing of human waste. After eight years of 'field research', I feel I can now pass on what I have uncovered to .Ka.1Wih readers. Scarab beetle larvae eat fecal matter with a vengeance, turning it into a flaky, dry, odorless substance, which can later be used as a fertilizer. It is an extremely sanitary process, and no flies venture near the scarab beetle's domain, as they'll eat fly eggs too. The waste becomes so broken down or compacted that an individual could not fill a two foot square bole for many years no matter how much food be consumed. A change of location will not confuse the beetles, provided it is not too far away. All you need do is dig a new hole and bait it, and when spring has been around for a while, the beetles will be in the base of the hole awaiting your return. They will roll the fecal matter into little balls and lay their eggs. You may cover the hole with the luxury of an outhouse, or simply cover it with plywood so the scarabs won't drown when it rains. And as a matter of courtesy I avoid urinating on them. An empty jar will suffice for thaL Also avoid using lime. In peak summer months, one visit to the outhouse will be disposed of in a matter of minutes, provided you have built up a good population. They slow down activity when the nights get below freezing, and when the days no longer hold wannth they become dormant, not noticeably becoming efficient again until late spring or early summer. I know one fellow who kept his larvae warm enough to keep them active throughout the year so that there was no gap. I have an alternative outhouse that I use a few months out of the year. This past year my larvae did not close up shop until early January, but I kept a number of the larvae alive on into the winter by placing a large frying pan over them. On cold ni~hts this was warmed by a candle I placed m a jar covered by a metal lid punched with holes. I would pull it all off in the mornings and all the little things would be huddled under the operation. But I began to worry that I might be interfering with their normal life cycle or that when the new adults came, they might cat the balls with the eggs. In any case, on the coldest night of the year they perished. Either the candle went out, or after setting up my little rig, trembling, with a flashlight in my mouth, I forgot to light the candle. They must have cocooned or died thinking I was crazy. I think they can be kept alive in the KA AH-page 7 winter, but at this time I would recommend keeping a batch to survive the winter and a batch to keep their natural cycle for this region. Facts on scarab beetles arc mentioned in some texts, but utilizing their undertakings has never been considered, nor their effectiveness realized. At least not since the Egyptians, who regarded both beetles and their larvae as sacred. My variety of beetle is indigenous to the piedmont of South Carolina. They arc black and arc about the size of a quarter. A smaller, colorful variety has infiltrated their ranks in lesser numbers. I do not have any good pictures of them. I have a very overexposed slide of one beetle. The slide was taken under far too powerful a flash. The photographer should have gone with a bright light (but be was stressfully lazy). Usually they arc very gentle and docile, but this poor beetle must have bu.med its retinas out, for it went berserk - I never knew they could move that fast I put it back in the gallon jar to take it back home, but somehow it escaped, probably into the environs of the car, and I have felt quite sick about it ever since. When you get to know them, you will know that this is no joke. I have never considered turning this operation into a business, though the right person with the right setup could easily do so. If the dung ball gets rolling I could bask in the knowledge that I had done humankind, Mother Earth, and life itself a great service. I do not really eat enough to punch them out in vast quantities, though I do have more than enough, and usually feel obligated to make sure they get enough to eat during their active cycles. If I bad a larger setup a.n d more active, shitting humans, populations would soar. And I could go to Europe! I personally started with about 60 larvae. I expect 7- 10,000 by late summer, but it could be in the millions with more food. Sending larvae is a way to start a herd. They arc clean and easy to ship. I am willing to give away starter colonies maybe for a $10.00 mailing and handling fee. And if someone is enterprising enough to get a business going, a bumble royalty would not insult my virtues. Neither the larvae nor the beetles arc offensive to the sight or in any other manner. They are man (sic) and beast at their finest hour. For more information, contact Corry P.O. Box 5242 Columbia, SC 29250 The ancien1 Egyptians Wt!refascinated by the small scarab beetle. The scarab beetle, Scarabeus sggr, "lays its eggs in a ball of dung some two inches across,· this it subsequen1ly pushes around with its rear legs with great determination, loohng for a suitable crevice in which to deposit it. Inside the ball, the larvaefud on the dung until they eventually break through the ball to freedom. This was regarded by the ancienr Egyptians as a most mysterious process of self-generation: the young butlu appearing from a ball qfdung aµr they had been helped only by a single scarab butle. Jn a grand analogy, ii was a beetle thal was seen to be rolling the sun itself over the eastern horizon, as the climax to the self generative processes thal had taken place during the night. The beetle itself became a symbol for the change of state from deaJh to rebirth, which was ofprimary interest to the ancienl theologians, who described it in sorru: ofthe long tats ofthe royal tombs in considerable detail. The beetle also became one ofthe most popular symbols of ancien1 Egypt and small scarab seals were made in mi/JWns, a tradition thal continues to this day. It seems too, that parts of the mysterious functions of this beetle have never been lost since ancien1 times; early in the presen1 cenJUry the village women of Thebes ate these harny black insects which were supposed to aid their fertility, and many properties similar to the ancient symbolisms are attributed to Scarabeus sacer in the writings of the mediaeval alchemists." from valley Qf tbc Kines. byJohnRorru:r, 1981. ~ Summer 1986 �"-"X.1.NB NEW FR.1.ENDI HAV\NCl J'UNI J'1.JU:I "11.'JlU>UT '1.o\'J'Cf(£1 J'ORAB1.NB "11.LD FOODI CONCf:N'Jll..tTI.ON •.. .• CR.ljlTALI ... . . tC&U.1.NB 11.NCl'lNCl D.ANC1.NCl DR.WU 1.N TH£ 11"1£.U LOME . •••• KAWAH - page 8 J'1.ND'lNCl "1KO "1£ ~ Summer I 986 �Review Wise Woman Herb al Childbearing Year for the by Susun S. Weed published by Ashtree Publishing, POB 64, Woodstock, NY 12498 ($ 6.95 plus $ 2.00 for shipping & handling) reviewed by Ise Williams For more than a million years Wise Women have used herbs - ga1hered, eaten, tended, loved herbs - and taughl their daughters the wisdom of herbs in the cllildbean·ng year. In Europe, five hundred years ago, men tortured and burned the Wise Women who healed with herbs, the midwives, the ones who celebrated the cyclical ways. Calling them witches, they burned them in millions and broke the flow of mother-to-daughter transmission. In the Americas, their sons in later years killed the medicine women and c11randeras. the Wise Women of the New World. Then they denied the existence of Wise Wome" in history. Without our connections ro each other and the Earth, withollt our mothers' wisdom, we forgot our power. When we were told that we had no souls, and no minds, and no sisters, we believed it was true. When they cold us that childbearing was too difficult for women, midwives, and herbs, we believed it was true. Bm the Wise Women live in our dreams, our visions, our deepest munories. We hear their whispers, and we listen.. Wise Women herbalists see the whole herb, the physical forces and the subtle forces, and respect the wholeness. Wise Women make use of rite color, form, spirit, and substance of a plant, using it as a whole, not dividing it into parts and seeing power only in the HactiveH principle. Wise Women lcnbw thaJ we are each whole and unique, in an individu.a l, everchanging, symbiotic relationship with herbs. Wise Woman healing is grounded, earthed, rooted. The Wise Woman accepts herself and her changes, her moods, and her bleedings. She tends to birthing and dying withaur alienaiion from herself or rite ones site helps. Site is open to the life song surrounding her, she ~ the secrets of the herbs. Fairies appear to her; devas bless her. All that she needs for health and well-being grows within the fall of her foot. This book speaks to the Wise Woman in you - the pregnant woman - aT1d to the Wise Woman in your mare, lover, midwife, doctor, childbinh educator, and friends. It is based on the belief that you are capable of observing yo1u own body, heart, and mind, responding to the messages you receive during the childbearing year, and caring/or yourself in a context of loving s11ppon and assistance. ·from the introduction Thie; is a wonderful herbal. one that I'm sure will become the companion of many a pregnant woman, and also a resource that goes far beyond lhe childbearing year. Since pregnancy is a period of growth which couches on all aspeccs of our lives, I find many of the issues covered are also applicable to the situations of my non-pregnant friends, women and men alike. The dedication makes clear the spirit m which lhe book is written: May the six directzons empower tlus medicine work. May it be pleasing to my grandmothers, the a11ciem ones. And may it be of benefic to all beings. One of lhe chapters, titled "Herbal Pharmacy", covers very concisely how co respectfully encounter planes in our environment and how to safely tum them into water-. alcohol and oil-based herbal medicines. le is an excellent and comprehensive guide for everyone desiring to take responsibility for their own health care. KATUAH - page 9 The book is written in the Wise Woman tradition, which views everything as cyclical and deeply interconnected. In these ancient traditions, once owned by each tribe and each people, women were the gacherers and growers of herbs, the nunurers, and the healers. Today more and more men are beginning to work out of the same stream of consciousness. However, in our society the oral tradition has been brutally interrupted by the medieval witch burnings. A large body of knowledge was destroyed and losL We are only now beginning to reclaim it. Healing ways evencually were narrowed down co male-dominated allopathic medicine, which is linear in Lhink.ing and promotes a world view of black and white, of sickness versus health. Wise Woman healing begins with nourishing and nurturing and reseIVes dramatic interventions as the last reson. "Wise Women understand the attunement built into our cells after thousands of generations nourished on wild foods, the special kinship our bodies have with the vital elements condensed in herbs", says Susun Weed. Consequently you'll find in this Wjse Woman Herbal references to other pertinent publications, addresses of conscientious herb businesses, appendices that list herbal soun:es of vitamins and minerals, and recipes for herbal preparations. There are lovingly handwritten notes in the margins that give the names of herbs in different languages - including Russian and Chinese! A comprehensive index makes it easy to locate specific information. Susun's knowledge cenainly could fill many a volume. I hope that Susun will find the time to be a prolific writer, besides being an avid gardener, homesteader, naturalist, feminist artist, and travelling lecturer/workshop facilitator. Presently, her busy schedule takes ber from coast to coast, attending herbalists' conferences and sharing the knowledge extracted from 20 years of studying and working with medicinal herbs. The Wjse Woman Herbal is written with compassion and from direct experience. It is not just another compilation /;:;41" of facts retrieved from other books. What a blessing! p '* Elder The fragile, cream-colored flowers of Sambucus species, when tinctured., provide a superb remedy for treating infants' fevers. Elder blossom tincture seems to encourage balance in the mechanism which regulates temperature. It reduces frighteningly high fevers without fail. Put one drop per pound of body weight directly under your baby's tongue, or slide the dropper alongside your nipple and administer the drops while the baby is nursing. (Measure the drops into a spoon, then take the correct dose into the empty dropper.) The dose may be repeated as often as needed; it is completely harmless. The fever usually begins to decrease within a few hours of the first dose. Stories abound about the dangerous Elder. And there is a story told all over the world, in different cultures and various versions, of the woman who lives in the Elder. Sometimes she is called the Elder Lady, sometimes Elder Woman, but my favorite name for her is Elda Mor. The stories say that Elda Mor is a Wise Woman who has taken the shape of a tree in order to heal her children. She is powerful and she demands respect. If you wish to have her help, you must honor her. If you abuse her, or fail to ask her permission to take part of her, Elda Mor will poison you. Elder grows somewhere near you; look and ask for her. When you find an Elder bush, develop a relationship with Elda Mor. Visit with her from time to time. Then, when the Elder blooms, go out in the moonlight and tell her of your desire to heal with her magic and her knowledge. She wilJ respond, granting permission for you to take her sweet flowers. Thank her and put up your tincture immediately, capturing moon beams, Elder dreams, and the ancient wisdom of women in your bottle. From The Wjse Woman Herbal for the Chjldbearine Year �Review: THE FRESHWATER AQUACU LT URE BOOK A handbook for small scale fish culture in North America The Freshwater Aguaculture Book· A Handbook for Small Scale Fish Culture jn Noah America; William McLamey (Point Roberts, WA 98281; Box 147; Hartley and Marks, 1984) 600 pp. 150 illustrations; appendices, index. available from the publisher for $40.00 plus $1.00 handling. The need/or aquaculture arises from the same root as thaJ for agriculture. It is commonly accepted thaJ it would be impossible to supply human demands for meat solely on the basis of hunring wild game, or to provide all our fruits and vegetables by foraging in the naJUral environment. Yet most of the world still obtains fish in this manner, through traditional "capture" fisheries based on natural stocks ..... The current world harvest of about seventy million metric tons per year is not nearly enough to go around, much less to keep pace with the demands imposed by a still-increasing human population. The obvious solution is oquacubure. - The Freshwater Aquaculture Boole Bill McLarney was trained as a fisheries biologist at John Carroll University and the University of Michigan. He was a co-founder and director of aquaculture studies at the New Alchemy Institute in Massachusetts, which for 20 years has done pioneer experiments in ecological living. He presently divides his time between Fran.k lin, NC in Katiiab and Costa Rica, where he is director of New Alchemy's Central America project In the l 970's McLarney and his co-workers at New Alchemy developed innovative techniques for small-scale, low-budget fish culture. Because of their careful study, observation, and creativity, many of the methods developed then still stand as the simplest and most efficient available today. McLamey has distilled his years of experience and research into The Freshwater Aguaculturc Book. He has taken on an ambitious project, and has succeeded in giving us a highly useful tool: a comprehensive manual for raising all known varieties of food fish (as well as some types of aquatic animals) in all the areas of Turtle Island where fish-raising is feasible. There are also sections on greenhouse and closed system culture. McLamey's work is by far the most complete collection of factual material on the topic to date, but it is also of importance that he writes from a perspective that respects the needs and conditions of local ecologies and the "hidden" economic value and practicality of the efforts of small producers. This makes The freshwater Aquacul!ure Book eminently appropriate and a very valuable resource for people who choose to worJc in the context of their own particular locale. WORLD AQUACULTURE The introduction to the book is a brief survey of the history and practice of aquaculture around the world. But in the course of the world overview, McLarney breaks down these two primary values, ecological awareness and decentralization, into a set of principles which underpin the information he presents throughout the book. Illustrative examples are drawn mainly from the Chinese aquaculture system, which McLamey regards as the most highly develo~ in terms of simplicity, productivity, efficiency, and minimal environmental disruption. But although the language is "fish culture", the principles expressed could serve as well to ensure the sound operation and long-term survival of any type of bioregional enterprise. Keep in mind thaJ part ofthe secret ofChinese fish culture is in making the best use of a given local ecology and materials. However, consider this: The currem average production of traditional pond polyculture in China is said to be over 4 ,000 lb/acre/year (4,412 kg/ha/yr). (Much higher yields are achieved in southern China and in southeast Asia, where the growing season is year-round.) This is accomplished primarily through the use of fertilizers, with no processed feeds whatsoever, with virtually no technology, and using ancient methods developed without benefit of scientific research . The products of Chinese pond polyculture have traditionally been available widely and cheaply; they are an important factor in the nutrition of the Chinese people, as well as in Chinese high cuisine. Chinese aquaculture may also be regarded as ecologically beneficial, as it provides a facility f or recycling organic "wastes". The effect of s.kik must be considered for any enterprise in terms of economics, necessary labor, and relation to the surrounding environment to determine what is truly the most effective and appropriate system. l l i Freshwater Aquaculture Book emphasizes the simplest possible systems that require the least capital investment and are easiest to construcL INTEGRATED FARMSTEAD _ _ , _..,.,..... a. ,.....,. ... ,.. ....... .. -------.!_ ----___ -_ __ _ --.--......----_ __ - --............................... ......... .__ ...._. .. .......... , ,..... .. ··- ~ ._ 11. T... _ _ _ ,.... _ _ · --- _ - _____ ,.... ----·--...... ,_,~ 12. ~ ... - . . - - , _ ...... ta.- ..... - - - - . - 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -~-----­ ,.._...--. ,.. "·- ------"-Cont---. -19. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21.21.IU_...._ 24........W--._,..... KAWAH - page JO Surnrnerl986 �From the many aquatic habitars available, rite Chinese chose the small pond as providing the best combination of prod11ctiviry and manageability. Though aquaculrure has subseque111ly been pracriced in virmally every orher type of aquaric environmen.t, the truth of this rarely acknowledged insighr remains. Ponds are nawrally present in many localities and may be constructed, by hand labor if necessary, in nwst other places. As compared to larger laJces and the oceans, a higher percentage of pond warer is relatively shallow, hence more productive and easier to harvesr. Srreams represent a rheorerically more productive environment, but use of flowing waler often raises comperirive situations with regard to water righ1s,j1Shing, pollution, ere culrure or eaJ comnu:m carp, and aquaculrurisrs had to seek other fishJo raise. It was found rhar if one stocked several kinds offish - say one which fed on the botrom, one which fed in mid-water, and one which could eat green leaves provided by the farmer - grearer yields would be achieved rhan if one stocked the same number of common carp only. This was the beginning ofpolyculture. Through trial and error and observation, Chinese fish culrurists eventually developed much more complex polyculrures, in some cases including as many as a dozen species. These culrure systems are ofren unique to a particular locality, having taken advantage of local conditions, availability of stocks ofj1Sh, feed, or ferrilizer marerials. WASTE UTILIZATION What we wish to create are living systems, but it must be remembered that these living systems are always parts of greater ecosystems or natural communities and can only be considered as parts of the larger whole. This concept Mclarney calls jntemrion. It is nor customary in Norrh America 10 rlunk of bodies of water used for intensive aquaculture as parrs of a total farm ecosystem. A commercial fish/arm is afHh.farm period. Yet inregrarion of terrestrial and aquaric crops and byproducrs is part and parcel of many rraditional Oriental food-producing systems. The Oriental approach, which is more ecologically sensirive and less dependent on technology, may be difficult to adapt to a large-scale commercial situation in North America, but the small, diversified/armer, parricularly the/armer for whom fish is a subsistence crop, would do well to study it. The related principlcS' of diversity and~ are basic m considering any living community. Application of these two ideas can work to stabilize and maximize the productivity of a fish farm, as they do in nature. It happened that the family name of the Tang emperors was Lee, which has the same sound as the Chinese word/or the common carp. For a time it was considered sacrilegious to trout, e totem spirit of the Appalachian The cul tu waters, is well covered in The Freshwater AQuaculturc .RQQk, and author Bill McLamey emphasizes methods that are suitable and affordable for the small farmer and homesteader. Bass-bluegill combinations do well in ponds in all but the highest elevations of Katuah, but trout will always be most in demand as the pre-eminent Appalachian food fish and as representative of the cold, pristine waters beneath forested slopes that so many people come here to find. Trout have special requirements for their culture and require strict adherence to certain conditions to do well. They thrive only in cold water (50-60 degrees F) and require a high dissolved oxygen content (7 ppm) to simulate the freshness of a running stream - moving water is the best habitat. Trout are almost exclusively carnivorous and therefore require high-protein feeds. Because they favor cold water, they grow more slowly than do other fish species, and they are very sensitive to excessive handling and pollution. Cold water environments have a low nutrient-carrying capacity, so cold water food chains are shortened. Few intermediate-size or vegetarian fish share natural trout habitats. Therefore, trout ponds are essentially monoculture situations, which seems to violate the principle of diversifying the fishpond, but trout are virtually the only accepted food fish that can be grown in cold water, and their popularity makes their culture worthwhile. Because The Freshwater Aguaculture Book is a compendium of information covering fish-raising throughout Turtle Island, no one fish farmer will be able to use all the information the book contains. The best way to use the book KA AH - page 11 It is said in the study of ecology that a climax system, the most stable community possible at a given location, develops many layers of use for available materials, so that very little energy leaks out of the system. In human terms, this is stated as "Recycle!", and an important negative cntcrion of a system's effectiveness is the amount of waste it generates. A system truly integrated within itself and in the natural surroundings produces a rninimum of waste. The Chinese seem to have recognized rhe value of pond fertility early on, and to have understood thatfish could be grown more cheaply through fenilizarion with "wastes" than by direct feeding with marerials which could be eaten by other livesrock or by people. These basic principles, which are also basic to the ideas we choose to call "bioregional", are underlying assumptions to the text of The Freshwater AQuaculture Book and are inherent even in the structure of the book itself. For in presenting fish culture, McLamey does not set out pat formulas or a dogmatic school of practice. Rather, he 1) introduces the fish and their habitat requirements, 2) gives - continued on p. 24 is to read it through one time to get an overview of aquaculture, the conditions that need to be considered, and the options available, then to go back, aided by the comprehensive index, and look up the special requirements of the fish to be raised and find the most appropriate methods. Whether one wants to raise trout commercially for sale to restaurants, operate a catch-your-own trout pond, or just have a convenient source for a quick supper in the back yard, trout raising has a place on almost any small farm in Katilah where flowing water is available. Among trout species, the rainbow trout (Sa/mo gafrdneri ) responds best to culture. The native brook trout (Sa/mo fontinalis) are smaller, prefer colder water, and grow more slowly. They are therefore raised only when the farmer has a specific market or a specific personal preference for them. Brown trout (Salnw trutta ) are the preferred fish in commercial hatcheries for stream stocking. Of the three species, brown crout are the hardest to catch, most tolerant of pollution, and attain the greatest size where food is plentiful. But the browns are sensitive to overcrowding and the least favored for eating, and so a.re not widely cultured as a food source. DESIGNING A TROUT FARM The type of enclosure in which the fish are contained is determined by the amount of moving water available and the size of the operation desired. Ponds are easiest and most economical to construct for the amount of water contained, but raceways (defined by McLamey as any enclosure where there is a constantly moving CWTCnt perceptible throughout) as used in commercial hatcheries, can produce more fish in a given area of available space. McLamcy discusses the advantages of each and gives siting and design considerations. Trout feeding is another important variable that is - continued on . 21 Summer 1986 �TOBACCO We have been told that no non-food plant has had so great an impact on humans as tobacco. It has affected the whole world. It is a plant native to this continent, Turtle Island, but now there is not a country in the world that does not use tobacco in some fonn or other. The elders say that tobacco is an ancient planL The native Cherokee people call it the Old One or Tsal Agayun1i. They believe that after the lichen, moss and fem that the fU'St plant was ginseng and the second plant was tobacco. Native people consider plants to have a gender and a personality like people. Medicine plants are plants used for direct healing by treating a disease of the body or by altering a person spiritually. European science would say that it is the "active principle" in the drug that makes one well Native people call the healing power of plants the "spiritual personality" of the planL Healing with plants was based on the principle of using something positive to get rid of the negative or bad thing causing sickness. The spiritual personality of tobacco used in the traditional way was female and positive. We have been told that there were two original types of tobacco used by native people. The old tobacco, Nicotiana rustica, has yellow blossoms, the other, Nicoriana tabacwn, has pink blossoms. The old tobacco has about ten times the nicotine content of the tobacco raised commercially today. The old tobacco was jealously protected by the Cherokee. It was not usually traded with other tribes, but the pink-flowered tobacco was a common trade item. We have been told that the old tobacco was used for ritual and medicine purposes. It was raised in a special way. A medicine person would go into the woods and plant the tobacco seed in a spot he would clear by burning. They might plant eight or ten of these patches so that no one would see the tobacco. The tobacco would lose its power if someone else saw it growing. We have been told that tobacco was smoked in a ritual at the beginning of any important councils. The hopes and prayers of the people were sent up to all of the creation as the smoke rose to the heavens. It was also the custom to smoke tobacco when someone visited another person's lodge. The pipe was brought out and liL It would be passed around and everyone would take one or two puffs of the sacred smoke before the conversation would begin. We have been told that tobacco was used also in fasting and on vision quests. It helped a person fast because it cwbed the appetite and suppressed the need to sleep. The old tobacco of the Cherokees also helped to bring dreams and visions. We have been told that the pipes in which tobacco is smoked arc important Native people have medicine pipes and social pipes. Social pipes are made from clay or stone. - page 12 Medicine pipes are carved from soapstone. The Cherokee carved pipes are made from red or black soapstone. The red stone is preferred, but it is hard to come by so that most medfoine pipes are black. Images, say of a totem spirit or animal teacher are carved on Cherokee pipes. A medicine pipe never "belongs" to an individual. It is given to a person by someone who thinks they are ready for the pipe. Sometimes the pipe is a new one carved by the giver. Sometimes the pipe bas been passed through several hands. An individual is considered the caretaker, not the owner, of the pipe. It is their responsibility to see that the pipe is passed on in a good way. "A good way" means that the pipe's new caretaker will take care of the pipe, use it responsibly, and in tum pass it on. We have been told that tobacco was an integral part of a special ceremony to protect a sick person from "liver eaters". These were people that bad the power to create an illusion. They did not actually have the power to tum themselves into an owl or raven, but they could create this illusion. That is bow they moved abouL They would come into a lodge and kiss a sick person or a person nea.r death to taste the sweetness of their breath. The liver eater would then draw the power from the liver of the suffering person. This would immediately kill the person and the liver eater would receive however much time that person had been fated to live to extend its own evil life. We arc told that in the ceremony to protect the sick person, the medicine people would drive four sourwood stakes around the lodge. They would then go into the sick person's lodge and make a fire with sourwood or wood from a tree that had been struck by lightning and had lived. They would heap up the hot coals into a pile. Then they would take a pinch of fine-ground "old" tobacco and hold it over the coals. When the tobacco was dropped. it would fall in the direction from which the liver eater was coming. If it hit directly on center, then the liver eater was in the room or above the roof. Theo another pinch of tobacco was dropped. If it sparked or made an explosion, a person in the community would die in four or five days, and that person was the liver eater. That was how they killed the liver eaters. We have been told that native people used the old tobacco as an insect repellant on plants. It works well on everything except tomatoes. Tobacco extract was spread on beans and on the silks of the com. If insects eat the sprayed parts they die, but usually the scent confuses the insects so that they are not attracted. The only thing that eats tobacco is the tobacco worm. Native people used the extract of the nightshade plant to kill the tobacco worm. The extract was made by boiling the nightshade plant in water and spraying the water on the tobacco plants. We have been told that tobacco was also used as a poison. Pure nicotine is deadly in a dose as small as 100 milligrams. The nicotine was used on blow darts for revenge killing. The darts would be soaked in nicotine for a long time before they were used. The blow gun and poisoned dart were used only in this way. They were never used in war. It is true that native people never used tobacco as a personal drug as it is frequently used today. It was taken into the body only sparingly as part of a ceremony or ritual. Used in this way, it promoted healing. The way it is used today causes addiction and illness. We have been told that among the Cherokee there are tribal secrets about tobacco that cannot be revealed. When these secrets are taught within the tribe, the one who receives the knowledge promises not to reveal iL Keeping this lore hidden is done not for the sake of the knowledge itself, but as an obligation to the person who passed on the secret teachings. ~ Summer 1986 �THE GARDEN - continued from p.l gardening is a lesson in applied ecology. It deals mainly with alpine plants, and rock gardeners go to extreme lengths to duplicate exactly the conditions we have here: lots of tumbled-down rocks and perfect drainage, yet deep moisture. "In the terraces I was planting shrubs and vegetables, and a few trees as l could obtain them, so it was all progressing at the same time. All these beds are mixed flowers and vegetables now. They say flowers help the vegetables, but that is a meaningless distinction. They all flower. They all should be here in as much diversity as possible. "A lot of my training has been learning by mistakes. My gardening plan is simply to set out plants that I like, of all different varieties and types and see what naturalizes and multiplies. The plants you see here are the plants that have survived a natural selection process at this site. I've used a lot of self-seeding annuals. They pop up each year, and I leave them where they're appropriate and pull them up where they're in the way. They fill in all the holes. "Berries are a good crop for around here. This is good nut and berry country. It's easy to see, they grow so well in the wild. Did you know that blueberries only became a domesticated crop during the l 940's? Before that, people found all they needed on the hilltops. The plant was brought under cultivation under the auspices of the TVA right in this area. They gave kids a piece of cardboard with a hole punched in it If the kids could find a bush with berries that wouldn't fit through the hole and could lead the growers to it, they would earn $1.00. That's how they developed the first cultivated varieties of blueberries. "We're going to grow a lot more strawberries. We became acquainted with an everbearing variety that produced right up to Thanksgiving last year. Really good fruit! We also have bush cherries, lots of currants, rosehips, barberries - lots of food for wildlife. That helps to blur the line between cultivated and uncultivated aspects of the garden. "I've found that the easiest way to work is to use the natural energy flows. For instance, we get some colloidal phosphate, some lime, and some cottonseed meal for fertilizers, but we try to bring as few materials up the hill as possible. We plant rye in some of the beds in the fall and in the springtime we turn it in with handforks. We pile the weeds we pull out of the garden - it seems to generate a big heap every three weeks. "The creek that flows through the garden brings down leaves during the spring floods. The stream is normally buried by the landslide, but if it rains hard enough the stream rises to the surface. [f it rains mal1:t hard, the stream will flow right through the garden and on down the hill. But if I wait until it's raining enough so that the stream recedes back among the rocks inside the garden, I can go uphill and rake leaves into the water and they'll be dropped off right where I need them. They are deposited as wads of leaves mixed with silt. I have to collect them quickly because the mixture rots fairly fast. If I come back too late, it's already part of the soil. It's a wonderful system: during one short season in spring I can skim off a little of the surplus fertility." ~-.,, '{·~ . r,. . -..- ..:<::" - ~ - ~~~ ' k. " . " /- ~~ ~ • Joe is a quiet individual. He can be goaded to excitemmt when talking abour the plant.s or the people thaJ he Loves, bur he is generally content to let the obvious evitknce of the garden speak for him. He has spent marry moonlit nights and many winter months thinking about his relationship to the garden and the natural mountain landscape, however, and this shows up when he can be coaxed to speak ofthe deeper levels of his garden experience: "The garden is a mandala (a circular design) that expresses our understanding of the place we live. This garden is my conscious attempt to live in the context of nature. 'Paradise' means 'to be perfectly integrated in nature'. The prevalent vision in western culture of a life in accord with nature is the Garden of Eden, where human.kind, Adam and Eve, were given the garden and charged to 'dress and keep it' in the beautiful words of the King James version of the Bible <Genesis 2: 15). "But 'paradise' does not have to be an idealized place. It is a way of living here, wherever we're at right now. It is a co-evolutionary process - we change together. Living and learning, 1 transform myself to live as this place demands, and as part of the process I also transform this place into my personal paradise. "Eugene Odom had a more technical vision of the ideal human niche, which he called 'the ecosystem manager' whose function is to maximize the productivity and perpetuate the survival of the system. The ecosystem manager rearranges the growth of the natural environment a little - snipping something here, starting something over there - and s/he gets paid a little bit by all the diversity of other creatures in the system "It's a similar position to that of a bear or a wolf. If there's too much of something, that's what the bear or the wolf gets to eat that year. The service they perfonn for that plant or animal is selection and population control, which is to the benefit of that species. By keeping ecological balance, the manager gets enough off the top to keep him or her alive and functioning. By caring for the ecological principal, one gets to live off the ecological interest An unlimited number of people could devote themselves to that task, and it would provide for all of them. "Odom's somewhat mechanistic definition hinges on food supply as the determining factor. This is basic, but the idea of creating a niche also has to do with being surrounded by beautiful things when one walks out the door. Our aesthetic sense is a natural organizing system. It is a fine form of positive feedback that is much underrated in our culture. In this society the basic standard is the economic one which is expressed in terms of profit and loss. But what I'm saying is: 'Enjoy it!' Be spontaneous in gardening. Trust that intuitive sense of rightness that we all have in us. It is at least as true an indicator as the profit sheet of the health and productivity of a natural community. "Historically, some anthropologists believe that the 'Paradise' myth refers to the transition from a hunter/gatherer economy to an agricultural economy. Rindos, in his book 7J;=---:;:::::=~~~~ar·(iSth'-~:BF:::::_.--,r - continued on next page �- continued from p.13 THE GARDEN The Orieins of Amcu!ture. puts the changeover into the context of co-evolution, saying that there were changes on both sides. The hunter/gatherers were working with plants maybe by weeding preferred crops or by planting some selected seeds - and while the plants were changed to be more what the people wanted, the people were also changed as they developed certain behaviors to encourage these plants - disturbing the ground, staying in one place, experimentation, selection, and observation. These two processes together produced the gradual development of the agroecosystem. "I think to some extent the people were seduced into it Perhaps it was the plants who domesticated the people. I like to think that certain plants tricked us into devoting our lives to changing the world for their benefit One could look at it either way. "The food surplus produced by agricultural techniques had the effect of increasing human population. This resulted in a new context for human life as specialization developed and people became more involved within the framework of human society and less involved in the wider circle of nature. The human sphere continues to expand. It is replacing the diversity of nature with human diversity, and we are the worse off for it "A 'niche' is a way of describing an organism from the ecosystem's point of view: it is the relationship of the organism to its environment and the flows of energy and matter. Because there have been no effective natural checks on the human population, we have created an unhealthy niche for ourselves, called 'civilization'. "'Paradise' is a genetic memory of a time when humanity was integrated into the natural environment. It could be summed up as a continuing, spontaneous, intuitive response to the world. But that spontaneous response to the real conditions of life is buried under millenia of accretion of cultural elaborations on the distinction 'good/evil'. "The garden as you see it here is a conscious attempt to invent and occupy an appropriate niche. Using the knowledge of modern civilization, I am attempting to work a way back through centuries of physical and behavioral programming (our 'needs') to a real relationship with the Earth, a transition to a natural support system. "More and more," Joe reflected, "I'm beginning to feel I should specialize in the flora of the Black Mountains. It's such a beautiful habitat, and no one else has taken it on. I need to get out there, spend more time in the woods, find the specimens with the biggest fruits find the particular clones, the things that should be propagated, and work with them, get really involved....." - recorded by DW SUN ROOTS The Sun Root is a native American vegetable which was under cultivation by many tribes, including the Cherokee, when white people arrived here. These white people, for mysterious reasons, ignored this Indian name and called it Jerusalem Artichoke. The Latin name is /leliaruhus tuberousus, which means "sunflower full of swellings". This is an accurate label because Sun Roots are a sunflower with large, edible roots. By whatever name, this is one of the world's most practical and easiest to cultivate vegetables. They are started from a piece of tuber in the spring, much like potatoes, and are perennial in practice since even a very careful harvest leaves enough tubers for the next year's crop. The stalks are 6 to 12 feet high and are topped by beautiful brown and yellow flowers which smell a little like chocolate. Most varieties produce mature tubers in 120 days, but the Columbia and Stampede varieties are about 30 days earlier. Tubers can be harvested any time during the fall, winter, or early spring when the ground is not frozen. Nutritionally, Sun Roots are interesting because they have very little starch. Their carbohydrates are stored in the form of inulin, which is composed of fructose molecules. Humans lack the enzyme inulase which is necessary to break down this inulin, so most of the calories of Sun Roots pass through our systems unused. What is used is the protein, which is of very high quality and high in lysine, and the iron which is present in large quantity. These qualities, along with their good taste, high quality fiber, and satisfying crunch make Sun Roots a very good, low calorie snack food. There are people at work developing the "artichip". Sun Roots are an excellent feedstock for fuel alcohol stills because of their large yields and the fact that inulin, unlike starch, does not need to be broken down before fermentation. They are also a very good potential source of commercial fructose. A flour made from dried sun roots is good tasting and high in protein. A protein extract can be taken from sun roots which is 60- 70% high quality protein and could be used to feed the world's hungry people. The tops of this versatile vegetable are already finding commercial use as an animal feed (This information is taken from The ArticboJce Connection; Rt 2, Box 157; Spartansburg, PA 16434. Subscriptions are $10 a year and it comes out on a quarterly basis.) THE HOMESTEAD ON HORN MOUNTAIN Long ago someone climbed to the top of this mountain and dug a well. This is the place, marked by an elderly pine. I part a way through the overgrowth with my stick to the black brackish water in its circle of stones. This is mystery: the circle, older than the pine, stone more ancient than the mountain: water as eternal as all circles. Someone lived here and drank that water and disappeared under moss and bramble. The ground is littered with rocks of a fallen homestead. The well is a shaft of memory sunk in the ground. Turning to scribble a note to myself I start to the sound ofa motor. since I last climbed Hom Mountain somebody has cut a road just above the old homestead, I can see the cigarette in the driver's hand as a yellow truck comes trundling past - r duck below the bramble like the spirit of ruin that haunts this place, diving back down the black shaft of undrinkable remembrance past the names of mountains and roots of pines down to the fertile aquifer of earth's forgetfulness. Stephen Wingeier ;e:t' ~ KAfUAH - page 14 ))t Summer 1986 �by 4 cords hanging down · the island earth from the sky vault suspended of solid rock east west floating north south in a sea of water �0 750 MILLION ON1CF. - 650 MILU ON I '"\I'\ r., LG v.. n ·'""'......., .. . A(~ The southern Appalachians have evolved in a series of collisions of fragments of continental or island-an: material at the eastern edge of North America. About 750 million years ago magma rising deep from the interior of the earth split a megacontinental expanse into at least two large continents Laurentia or proto-North America Gondwana or proto-Africa and at least two continental fragments that included the Inner Piedmont-Blue Ridge fragment and the Carolina slate belt fragment ... Volcanism started in the island an: of the Carolina slate belt fragment some 650 million years ago. ...500 million years ago the basin between proto-North America and the Inner-Piedmont-Blue Ridge fragments began to close... beyond the arch in Galunlati above when all was water the animals were very crowded and wanting more room they wondered what was below the water Dayunisi, the little Water-beetle offered to go down and see if he could learn It darted over the surface in every direction but could find no firm place to rest Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft mud which began to grow and spread on every side until it became the island Earth 500 MILLION Most of the rocks at the swface of the southern Appalachians are highly defonned metamorphic ones ... older than or contemporaneous with the horizontal sedimentary strata under them ... suggesting that roughly 415 million years ago the swface rocks began to be transported as a thin sheet for at least 260 kilometers over the eastern continental margin of the land mass that was to become North America. ...from 300 million to 250 million years ago, the last major compressional event was the Alleghenian orogeny. This mountain-building episode can be attributed to the collision of proto-North America and proto-Africa (or perhaps South America) to form the supen:ontinent of Pangaea. ...a segment of the African (or South American) continental shelf underthrust the eastern margin of the Carolina slate belt fragment resulting in a fold-and-thrust belt that went in the opposite direction...the southern Appalachians... ...western Africa and northern South America all have belts of folding and thrusting... The Mauritanide mountain chain of western Africa is characterized east to west by a series of belts that are similar in some ways to the Appalachian belts. ... the Mauritanids are a mirror image of the Appalachians... �~75 MILLION 200 MILLION 300 .. 250MILLION ··.... '····· ....... at first the earth was flat and very soft and wet ... -~{_,:.:,+~. - .· the animals were anxious to get down and sent out different birds to see if it was dry but they found no place to alight and returned to Galunlati .....• ,,· t •• at last it seemed to be time and they sent out the Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them . ·············· ········· : ..·········. '7.. \ ~ ....·· ... ·············· the Great Buzzard flew over the earth low down near the ground when he reached Cherokee Country he was very tired and his wings began to flap and strike the ground ... .· ..··· and wherever they struck the earth was a valley and where they turned up there was a mountain ... ... ...the continents that now border the Atlantic were joined 200 million years ago like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle to fonn one huge expanse of land ... a megacontinent Pangaea... At that time North America began to separate from Europe, Africa, and South America. · As the continents drifted apart the Atlantic Ocean was left in their wake. As the Atlantic grew the current continental shelf was built up off the eastern coast of North America (and off the western coast of Africa and the northern coast of Sou~ America). when the animals above saw this they were afraid the whole world would be mountains so they called him back but the Cherokee Country remains full of mountains until this day ...· .· ..... .· •• . �-- .. ( J . :• ...······ . ... .·· .,...• when the world grows old and the earth will sink the people will die down into the ocean and the cord will break and all will be water again written by Jeny Trivette drawings by Rob Messick �0 --" NATURAL WORLD NEWS NANTAHALACO.BROUGHTTO U.S. SUPREME COURT Natunl World News Service Since 1976, when Henry Truett of Bryson City, NC filed suit against the Nantahala Power Company to protest the high costs resulting from hydroelectricity being drained from the mountains of KatUah to fuel the Alcoa aluminum plant in Marysville, TN, the question "Who owns the mountain water power?" has been a botJy-contested issue in this region (see Ki1V.ah #3). . The dispute came to a head April 21 as arguments were heard in the US Supreme Court from attorneys for Alcoa and for the Committee for Low-Cost Power, a citizens' group from five counties in Ka!Uah. The case was an appeal by Alcoa of a North Carolina State Suptcme Court ruling handed down last July that awarded $29 million in refunds to Nantahala customers because of practices by the company ~t .led to excessive rate costs. Two other surular decisions by the court awarded the ratepayers another $16 million in refunds. The conflict goes back to the very beginnings of the ~ant~hala Power Company and Tapoco, its sister company which operates two hydroelectric dams on the Santeetlah and Cheoah Rivers. Both companies arc registered as public utilities, but both arc also wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Alcoa Corporation. All the power from the Tapoco Company has gone to operate Alcoa smelters in Tennessee, although since its inception th7 coml?any ~ been receiving the benefits of us des1gnanon as a utility. Tapoco has never be~n responsible to regional customers, and 1n 1960 even tried to sell its high-power transmission lines to the Duke Power Company. But while "fapoco power .has been flowing down the nver to Marysville, the Nantahala Power Company has been supplementing its hydroelectric power with expensive, imported, nuclear power generated in Tennessee .by the.-rv:A. The North Carolina court recnfied this difference by declaring that North Carolina ratepayers should retroactively be charged as though the cheaper Tapoco power were available to them, which would result in a total of $45 million in refunds. Alcoa attorneys maintained in the Supreme Court hearings that the Nort!1 Carolina courts had overstepped the1t boundaries and were trying to set rates for power generation between states, citing a KATUAH - page 19 1971 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) ruling that Tapoco had no obligation to make its power available to the Nantahala Company. Alcoa attorney Rex Lee stated before the court, "What North Carolina has done ... is to take from Tennessee a share of power which properly belongs to Tennessee." But William Crisp, a Raleigh lawyer who has worked with Nantahala ratepayers for 25 years, explained meticulously and eloquentJy that this was not a case of one state's interest against another's, but "a flagrant example of a corporate giant, a multinational. taking over public assets for its own benefit" Pointing out that the ruling of the NC Supreme Court did not actually divert any power, but instead created a "roll-in" where both companies were considered as one for ratemalcing purposes, Crisp made it clear that the issue was whether the hydroelectric resources of the mountains shouJd be used for public service or private profit. Alcoa has attempted to develop its subsidiary company Tapoco solely to divert water resources from Kanfah strictly for its own benefit, Crisp maintained, which in effect has forced the ratepayers in the mountains to pay the difference for Alcoa's cheap hydroelectric power. Alcoa has threatened that if they do not win continued access to the mountain water power, they would close their Marysville plant, terminating o~er l,~ jobs in East Tennessee. Responding to this threat, the US Steelworkers Union, Local 309, which represents the Alcoa plant workers, joined the corporate appeal as a "friend of the court". "If they had known the true facts of the case," said Veronica Nicholas, Jackson County commissioner and witness to the Supreme Court hearing, "I don 't believe they wouJd have taken that position. If we could talk with them people-to-people, I thinlc they would see that the corporation is trying to victimize us all in pursuit of its interests." , BIG MOUNTAIN UPDATE Na!W'al World News Service The Big Mountain issue - the proposed removal of 10,000 to 15 ,~ Navajo (Dineh) and Hopi Indians from their ancient homeland • remains critical. In 1974 Congtcss passed legislation (P.L. 93-531) to settJe a so-called "land dispute" between the two tribes calling for the removal by July 7, 1986 (see Kutfah #11). CoincidentJy, this area known as the Four Corners is extremely rich with high-quality coal and uranium deposits. Peabody Coal Co., among other energy giants, is extremely interested in the resources o~ the area. It appears, however, that a rrunor victory has been won. In early May, 1986, Ross Swimmer of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and Ivan Sidney, Hopi Tribal Chairperson, said that they wouJd not forcibly remove Najajos (Dineh) from what they and the U.S. Government call "disputed land". The Hopi Tribal Council is a creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the traditional people feel that the Tribal Council is a sham and docs not represent their interests. Swimmer sought an opinion from the U.S. Solicitor General who s.Ud that July, 1986 was merely a target date and was not cited within the actual law. Sidney commented, "We do want those Navajo off our land." This delay in the forced .remo~al ~s just that - a delay. Perhaps the intention 1s to allow the media and public attention on the issue to subside. The Big Mountain Legal Defense is still urging citiz.cns to ~te letters to U.S. Senators and Represent.aUves demanding the repeal of P.L. 93-531. If you write a letter and receive a form response, BMLD is asking that you wr!te and write again to establish dialogue with those in power. Send copies of your letters as well as copies of responses to: Big Mountain (JUA) Legal D/O Committee 2501 N. 4th St Suite 18 Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Write them also for updates and local contactinformation,orcall(602)7~ LOWER WEST SLOPE OF GRANDFATHER MOUNTAIN UP FOR SALE N11unl World News Sctvice AIRPORT PLANNED FOR JULIAN PRICE PARK Nllunl Wor1d News Service The Watauga County Commission is trying to build a county airport in Julian Price Park, part of the Blue Ridge Parkway near Blowing Rock, NC. The National Park Service is strongly opposed to an airport on Park Service land, but much of the lobbying for the airport is going on over their heads at the Department of Interior in Washington. The secret agenda ~or the airport is a new highway connec~g the high country ski and resort are~ directly with the Charlotte metropolitan area. National Parle land couJd not be obtained for the construction of a highway, but ~ere is apparently some precedent for putnng an airport in a National Park. Once the airport was OK'd, the highway could be put in to provide access to it and the developers would have their way. The lower west side of Grandfather Mountain in Avery County is up for sale and threatened with development as a ski resort Hugh Morton, one of Grandfather Mountain's owners, is adamant about protecting the upper elevations of the mountain, which is designated as a North Carolina Natural Heritage Area. A new hiking trail is being construe~ t~ ~la?C the classic Shanty Spring trail which 1s in the area to be sold. , ~ _ . ' J ...~~,fii;·}...... ~. '~"'-~ . - ,/., '<.. :. ' , ..\IV' ---~ - continued on next page Summer 1 86 �.· USFS 50-YEAR PLAN IN THE MAKING OUR "CHAMPION" IN COURT Nalllnl World News Service The dispute over the discharge standards of the Champion Paper Company plant in Canton, NC is heating up. In recent months charges and countercllargcs have been flying, there llas been a furious shllffiing of papers, and two solemn collrt decrees have been ordered. Yet the Pigeon River is still smelly, mllfky, and rolling with foam as it flows into Tennessee. On March 31 Judge David Scntclle of U.S. District Court in Asheville declared that the Champion Paper Company would have to apply for a federal wastewater discllarge pennit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) while litigation continues in the controversy over the quality of the Pigeon River waters. The decision arose from an unprecedented move by the EPA, which in November of 1985 stepped in and superseded the right of the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission (EMC) to issue Champion a wastewater discllarge permit (as reported in KaW1h. #10). Under the national Clean Water Act, the issuance of discharge permits was placed under the jurisdiction of the EPA, but the agency has traditionally delegated that power to state environmental regulatory agencies and acted only in a supervisory capacity. In January of this year Champion responded to the EPA's action by filing suit in the District Court to void the agency's authority in the Pigeon River dispute. The company simultaneously filed a motion for a tctnporary restraining order to release Champion from obtaining a federal permit while the primary lawsuit was in the courts. It was this motion that was struck down, compelling Champion to apply to the EPA for a permit to operate until a ve.r dict on the request for a permanent injunction is reaclled. The EPA move to strip the state EMC of its power to dispense a permit to Champion implied that the federal government saw extraordinary neglect in enforcement of basic environmental standards by the state agency. In a prepared statement read last January, Champion manager Oliver Blackwell disagreed with that assessment, praising the state for a "professional job" of determining operating standards for the factory. This may have to do with the fact that in recent years the EMC has issued "variances" and "special consent orders" which have allowed Champion to operate below existing norms in the most controversial areas of regulation, water temperature and color, instead of comprehensive and enforceable discllarge directives. Apparent neglect on the part of the state environmental agency turned into apparent collusion as state attorneys sat at the same table with Champion lawyers in the district courtroom to argue that the corporate giant should be allowed to have its way with the Pigeon River without federal interference. "They shouldn't have taken the power away from the state," said assistant state attorney general Don Oakley. Although Champion did reluctantly comply with the judge's order to submit an application to the EPA, the company's pending suit will definitely delay a stringent The US Forest Service (USFS) is soliciting active citizen input on its revised version of the 50-ycar management plan for the Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests. According to Bob Cunningham, US Forest Service planner in the Asheville office, Forest Service staff have reorganized their data and are now compiling the preliminary results for their new plan. During the latter part of June and July, Cunningham will meet with individuals or representatives of any interest groups who wish to discuss the data at the Forest Service office in Asheville. "We're going to be building the new plan as we interact with the public on it," said Cunningham. Maps and brochures interpreting the environmental effects of each of the Forest Service plans will be available to the public at the USFS District Offices free upon request The Forest Service is inviting comment on the new plan. Take them up on it! Although they would like people to come to their Asheville office, cards and letters from those who cannot go to the city Yi.ill make a difference. Let the Forest Service serve us. Tell them how you feel about their policies, either in person or in writing: George Olson, Forest Supervisor US Forest Service Box 2750 Asheville, NC 28802 ~ (704) 257-4200 P' KA AH - page 20 Natutal Wodd News SeMcc permiL "It reveals the company's true stripes," said Pigeon River Action Group activist Jim Harrison. "They won't spend a nickel on the environment unless they're absolutely forced to. The money (and paper) they arc squandering on legal entanglement would be far better spent for real action to restore the river." In another collrtroOm in Nashville, the Tennessee State Supreme Court on April 21 threw out a lawsuit brought in 1983 by the government of that state against Champion that wollld have required the paper company to pay civil damages of $10,000 per day since 1977 to compensate for the degradation of the river in heu of a total river cleanup. The suit, as argued by Tennessee deputy attorney general Frank Scanlon, was based on Tennessee environmental protection laws, particularly clauses regulating water color standards, which are much stricter than the North Carolina laws tlnder which the Champion plant is operating. But the collrt ruled that one state has no jurisdiction or control over another state's environmental laws, even if laxness or environmental neglect causes damage tllat extends over state lines. After receiving the disappointing ruling of the Tennessee high court, deputy attorney general Scanlon vowed to carry the case on to the U.S. Supreme Collrt. There would seem to be some basis for this, for, short of discarding the whole patchwork system of state governments, there needs to be some remedy found to accommodate the blatant disregard by the natural clements of the illegitimate state boundaries. It would be unfortunate if this ruling were allowed to remain as a precedent, for the whole issue of atmospheric deposition ("acid rain") hinges on the ability of one region to convince the hllman inhabitants of a different region of their accountability for destruction of a distant habitaL In this ever-shrinking world, it is imperative that we recognize the evidences of Ollf close interdependence. Much is at stake. WRITE! There is sometlling we can do to help the Pigeon. The conditions of Champion's operating permit are being decided right now by the EPA. Write to: Jack Ravan, Regional Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 345 Courtland SL NE Atlanta, GA 30365 Ask that the new permit determine the maximum limits for color and water temperature, and that minimum levels of dissolved oxygen be maintained. Please send a copy of your letter to: Dick Mullinix c/o Pigeon River Action Group P.O. Box 105 WaynesviUc, NC 28786 Summer 1986 �COMMUNITY ALERT: BUNCOMBECO.THREATENED BY WASTE INCINERATOR Natun.I World News Service The Buncombe County Commissioners are being pressured to pursue a co-incinerator (for burning both municipal sewage sludge and solid waste) as a means to relieve the growing problems of sewage sludge and over 600 tons per day of solid waste going into the landfill on the French Broad River. In order to qualify for a $5 million EPA grant to help with new sewage treatment facilities, the Commissioners must decide prior to June 31, 1986 whether to pursue the technology of incineration. URGENT NEED FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS! Please write the commissioners, Curtis Ratcliff, Jesse Ledbetter, Wayne Montgomery, Tom Sobol, and Doris Giezentanner to request that a series of public hearings be held on the question of mcineration to examine the potential health risks from: • Hazardous air emissions (dioxin, dibenzo-furans, acid gasses, ethylene dichloride, toxic metals, etc.) • The disposal of toxic ash residue (heavy metals and other contaminants) • The inability to adequately screen out hazardous wastes from entering the incinerator Buncombe County Commissioners POB 7435 Asheville, NC 28807 252-5536 CLEARCUTTING BATTLE MOVES TO JACKSON COUNfY from a repon by Pcny Eul)' Proposed clcarcuts in the Nantahala National Forest in Jackson County have led residents to organize a county chapter of the Western North Carolina Alliance to preserve the natural diversity of the forest Sites on Greens Creek are scheduled to be clearcut this fall if citizen action cannot change the Forest Service's plans. Other clearcuts adding up to an estimated 300 acres of land are planned during the coming decade in the Sheeps Knob, Dicks Creek, Terrapin Mountain, Buckeye Gap, Fall Cliff, and Pinhook areas. Petitions bearing the names of over 300 Jackson County residents demanding that the Forest Service change its cutting methods have been sent to the USFS Regional Office in Atlanta. The next move in the campaign to save the Jackson County forest areas depends on the response of the Forest Service to the petitions. Clarence Hall, head of the Jackson County group, said, "I walked the area they plan to cut on Greens Creek with Marcus Moore and some of the Forest Service people. They acted real nice and were much easier to talk with than they have been in the past. They made some changes for us smaller areas to be clearcut, leaving some spots of timber, things like that "They seemed like they were very willing to compromise, but I think that the Gramm-Rudman Act has hit them hard, and they're not going to compromise any further than what they've been cut back to already." WNC Alliance SOURCE SEPARATION, RECYCLING, AND COMPOSTING ARE PROVEN - ~ALTERNATIVF.S! , ..p repared by Long Branch Environmen~ Education Center (704) 683-3662 /:"' HERE WE GLOW AGAIN! Natural World News Service Five western North Carolina counties are being seriously considered in the search for a suitable site to receive the low-level radioactive waste (LLW's) from eight southeastern states. The eight states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, South Carolina, and Nonh Carolina) have joined a Southeastern Compact to deal jointly with the waste problem, but many North Carolina citizens are demanding that North Carolina withdraw from the compact if the burden of waste disposal is to be shouldered by that state alone. The compact will choose one of its member states as the host for the low-level waste dump site by July 14, 1986 and locations in Burke, Cleveland, McDowell, Polk, and Rutherford counties are being closely examined for a potential low-level nuclear waste dump site. The term "low-level" is actually a mis-nomer as the category is defined as all radioactive wastes that are not specifically classified as "high-level". This encompasses a wide range of materials, many of which arc as deadly as high-level KATUAH- page 21 P.O. Box 117 Murphy, NC 28906 Call Clarence Hall at (704) 586-2056 for / more infonnation. wastes. LLW s can in fact be potentially more dangerous in many cases because there are no stringent safety standards for the handling of low-level radioactive materials. The most massive and most dangerous of the low-level wastes produced in North Carolina come mainly from the nuclear power plants which account for approximately 87% of the volume and 97% of the radioactivity. Citizen groups are suggesting that power plants manage their own waste in safe, on-site, storage facilities at their own expense. The remaining wastes - mostly medical, industrial and research wastes - a lot of which are short-lived - could be managed by the state in a small storage facility. It is important, the groups advise, that there be fi2 landfills and that various low-level wastes be separated according to radioactive life-span and managed in above-ground, monitored, retrievable storage facilities. For more info, contact - continued from p. 11 TROUT FARMING dependent on the size of the operation and the intensity of culture employed. Most trout farmers now use dry commercial feeds because of the high protein requirement of trout, but live foods are often less expensive, can sometimes be produced on the site, and have the advantage of producing trout flesh that is pink in color and tastier than that of commercially-fed fish, which is white in color. McLamey discusses several possibilities, including feeding trout meat wastes or slaughterhouse offal, starting a worm-raising operation to complement the home fish farm, using "bug lights" to capture insects, and even the trick of putting a rotting log upstream to be a free, natural culture medium for live trout food. Feeding times, feeding amount, and many other specifics are also covered. Methods of harvesting and handling fish are outlined in detail in the book. Trout can be harvested by seining, various kinds of trapping nets, or by draining the pond to capture all the fish. An "umbrella net" dangled under the feeding place is an easy alternative for a partial harvest, but the fishing rod will never be totally replaced for the home pond. McLarncy gives suggestions and complete instructions for the use of various nets and traps. Pests, predators, diseases, and contamination by silt and pollution are also discussed. Appendices to the book give additional infonnation on cooking the fish, a summary of their characteristics, and resource information on standard reference works and sources for supplies and further advice. "Experience is the best teacher", but The Freshwater Agyacutwre Book is an excellent place to start a fish-raising operation. Bill McLarney is offering an aquaculture consulting service for fish farmers in KatUah. Inquire by letter to: 1176 Bryson City Rd. Franklin, NC 28734 ~ j:Y h erbs, nct t ive plcsnl!;, f1erennidl:., flow~rs, fruit lrees, bulbs, bedding planl:.. 80 lakeside Drive 8/I01hs of a mile from turdee'li in Franklin, N.C. for infurmdlion c:all 524·3321 Millie Buch;man, Clca.n Water Fund ~ (704) 253-4423 /:"' Summer 1986 �RUMMING .. LETTERS TO KATUAH In Dwellers jn the L,and. Kirkpatrick Sale states: "What makes the bioregional vision different -- in any foreseeable future, anyway -- is that it asks nothing of the Federal government and needs no national legislation, no governmental regulation, no Presidential dispensation" (p. 169). But it seems to me that the bioregional movement cannot simply wait for the exhaustion of the world's supplies of fossil fuels to make long-distance transportation uneconomical and thus force the world to adopt bioregional economies. The carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by the combustion of fossil and biomass fuels will so drastically change the climate of all pans of the earth as to fundamentally alter the biotic potential of every bioregion. In order to prevent that, it would be necessary for all industrial nations to begin ~ to phase out the petroleum, coal, automobile, railroad, and merchant marine industries. That would require political action, since those industries will not voluntary go out of business. How else could a liveable bioregional world be brought into being? Ed Price Sylva, NC Dear Friends, I have r;ad and enjoyed the K.aWah. I am broadcasting on WUM radio on Sundays at 1:45 P.M. I sing sacred songs, read poems, Bible, and etc. I am sending some home remedies from an old New York doctor book published 1919. Kate Rogers Franklin, NC LEMONS Heartburn - Slowly suck the juice from one to two lemons, which is generally sufficient to give relief. Colds - Add the juice of two lemons to the same quantity of strained honey, and mix thoroughly. Take a teaspoonful of this mixture every ten or fifteen minutes. Rheumatism - Take the juice of several lemons every day and in a short time all signs of rheumatism will disappear. Corns - Bind a piece of lemon over the com every night for four or five nights. Asthma - Persons suffering from asthma should drink the juice of two or three lemons every day. Headache - The juice from half a lemon added to a cup of hot water sweetened with honey will generally relieve the most severe headache. (For more on Kare Rogers, see Kmfil.lb.1110 - Eds.) KA 1 offer you a quote that has been a source of great power for me: Remember thaJ you live always wuler the protection of some mysterious force. T.hi.s...ffU« i~ ~.Therefore, true self-defense does not stop with defending oneself against others, but strives to make oneself worthy of defense by nature herself ... When your mind and your acts become OIU! with narure, then narure will protect you. Fear no enemy; fear only to be separated from the mind of nature. If you are on the right path, nature will protect you and you need not fear anything. Trust nanlre and do not worry. Leave both your mind and body to narure. Do not recognize friend or foe in your mind. In your heart, let tlwre be generosiry as large as the sea, which accepts both clean and unclean water. Let your mind be as merciful as namre, which loves the smallest tree or blade of grass. Let your mind be strong with sincerity thaJ can pierce iron or srone. Repay the favors of nature, work/or the good of all, and make yourself a person whom nature is pleased to let live. Koichi Tohei (in Ajkjdo, The Art of Self-Defense I The spirit and practice of the martial art of Aikido can give us some idea of principles that can successfully be used in political resistance. My knowledge and understandfog of Aikido are limited, so I speak as no expert, but to my understanding Aik.ido works with the "flow" of energy and does not confront force with force. Instead, it allows the opposing force its expression and then moves to turn the opposing force to its own disadvantage. The Aikido practitioner will allow an attacker to lunge and with a simple movement will use the attackers own energy to send him reeling. Aikido works with centering and directing the body's energy or ,Ki. That's an oversimplistic explanation, but it might give you an idea. Translating the principles into action is what presents the challenge. Obviously we can't match force with the nuclear power industry, the chemical industry, or the technological forces which are killing our Mother Earth. The Indians tried to stop it with force years ago, and look what happened So how do we keep it from happening and stay sane at the same time? First, maybe we have to give up the notion that ~ have to keep it from happening. If this crazy absurdity of the modem world were not a part of the Great Spirit's plan, it would not be happening. And maybe it's going to have to get even crazier before the majority of humans arc going to pay attention. Once during a discourse with a "psychic being", l expressed a great deal of concern about the rampant commercial development that was placing all our best food growing land under concrete and asphalt I was advised that the disease must run its course and not to base my life on fighting the disease, for if I did, when the disease vanished so would my life. So do we just give it up as hopeless? Absolutely not. F. Scott Fitzgerald once said, "The test of a first rate intelligence is to hold cwo opposed ideas in your mind at the same time and still retain your capacity to function. You should, for example, be able to sec that things are hopeless and yet be determined to make them otherwise." It sounds a lot easier than it really is. Once we begin the work in earnest in our own hearts, then the Great Spirit may guide us to other action. If we try to tackle the "evil" without purifying our own hearts, then we simply give it more energy and make it stronger. We are not alone. Many people all over this planet are facing similar situations. We live in a world that is extremely unbalanced and full of great suffering. For this reason we must develop and hold a clear vision of the world as we wish it to be - happy, healthy, and filled with life. Affirm that vision every day. Don't let negatives get in the way. Our vision is our prayer. Keep the vision foremost and clear. And we must not wish ill on our perceived "enemies" -- this is not Good Medicine. Pray for happiness, health and peace for all beings on the Earth Mother. Dan Vega Fayetteville, Arkansas Summer 1986 �Dear Folks, l am writing you concerning your promotional material for your Spring Gathering. I think .K..iUia.h is a great publication and I think your having a gathering is a good idea. Snow Bear came to our Fall Gathering last year and was on the teaching staff with Grandfather Wallace Black Elk, Grandmother Grace Spotted Eagle, Buck Ghost Horse, Ron Evans, and others. We really like Snow Bear and promote his camp through our newsletter. The way you have stated "SACRED SWEAT LODGE" on your promotional material can be easily interpreted to mean that you are selling the sweat lodge. I hope you are clear about what you are doing. I don't believe that Snow Bear would in fact charge money for a sweat. SeUing ceremonies of this type is as offensjve as having Christian sacraments offered on a sale basis. Advertising sweats as a prominent clement of a for-sale program is also offensive to many people. I wish you no harm. Several of your staff know me personally. I would appreciate some cla. ification on these r matters. We all make errors and it seems that errors of advertising and pubHcation are very easy to make and once made propagate rapidly. Sincerely, Art Horn Marietta, GA An, As the person who drew up the flyer for the ~ Spring Ga1hering, I am the person to respond to your letter. Thonks very much/or raising the issue. We appreciate your lerrer and the spirit in which it was offered. We did nor consider the Gathering as something that was for sale when we put together the flyer. The money mentioned represented our guess as to the minimum amount we would require from each participant ro cover our basic expenses for renting the camp and providing our food. All work on the Gathering was volunteer, as is all work on the Kiufimljournal. Nobody took any money home, unlike a lot of spiritual seminars put on by some white people (and a few native people, too, who have been mentioned/or Hselling" sacred gatherings and sacred objects). If we had been fasting in a wilderness area, the Ka1Uilh Gathering would have been free. I did not show the flyer to Snow Bear before sending it out. If I had, he said he would have advised me 10 take the sweat lodge off the page. He had some good words about that. He said that regardless of our circumstances, it is an historical fact that white people have consistently taken the tra&tions ofthe native people and abused them. We cenainly do not want to do that. On rlie contrary, I mentioned the proposed sweat lodge so people would know that we were seeking the highest possible spiritual level for our meeting, not to produce the opposite effect. So with that in mind, we thank you for poillling our attention to this mistake, and I rrust we won't re,,ea1 it. David Wheeler ~Friends, It seems desirable to consider some positive alternatives to the wasteful and dangerous burial of high level nuclear waste in "solid" rock. So, here is an alternative pattern that seems worth consideration: ( 1) Instead of transporting dangerous nuclear waste to an individual repository, why not keep the waste at the site where it is produced, thus avoiding the danger of transporting these dangerous materials. If persons in a given location produce such waste, and probably benefit financially from the operation, it seems only fair that those same people should deal with the waste; not persons in some distant location. (2) High level nuclear waste contains a great deal of energy. Instead of heating rock with that energy, it is suggested that the energy be converted directly to some useful form. (e.g., it is estimated that the 70,000 tons of waste proposed for burial in a permanent repository would yield, in a 256 year period, over 60 billion dollars worth of energy at $.035 per kwh.) (3) The present method of using thermal fission processes, with the demonstrated danger of catastrophic meltdown, is a relatively inefficient means of obtaining electrical energy. It is possible to ~izc direct coo version to electrical energy by slowing the beta and alpha particles in an electric field. The direct conversion could be used with suitably processed waste as weU as with nuclear fuel now being used in wasteful and dangerous thermal fission reactors. (Note: Some of the nuclear physicists who demonstrated the conversion of matter to energy in the early experiments with Fermi wanted to develop safer, more efficient conversion schemes for commercial use. The politics of that situation led to the present dangerous and wasteful methods, rather than the safer and more efficient processes proposed by those early pioneers in nuclear physics. It may be time to pay attention to the suggestions of those expert and creative persons.) (4) Placing large amounts of collected waste in a localized region is contrary to the teaching of the old ones. The forests, meadows, waters, winds, and earth processes tend to scatter and diffuse matter. Large concentrations may be an expression of humankind that is destructive and hannful when out-of-tune with nature. (5) Instead of spending over 9 billion dollars to place dangerous waste in the ground, why not spend that money on research and development that would use the waste for useful purposes and help to preserve the natural ways given to us? (6) Those of us in Katuah (Katuahins?) can come together to encourage alternative, more constructive patterns. The epic of nuclear processes on earth demonstrates again the power of the mind to rcaHze signillcant new patterns. That power of the mind can be used to help form these new patterns into beautiful and useful configurations. Fear, greed, and ignorance can be replaced by peace, fairness, and understanding. Harmony is a possible alternative. Ho, Peregrine Falcon KATIJAH - page 23 John Artley Hot Springs, NC - continued on p. 24 �- continued from p. 23 Dear Folks at~ Dear~. I wrote to the President of the United States and enclosed the pullout section on the nuclear dump plan from the spring K.ci.ah. Yesterday, I recieved a two page typed letter written "on behalf of President Reagan" in response to my letter "regarding the Nation's second repository program." The letter and a folder of materials came from the Department of Energy. According to the letter, "the DOE evaluated, with State assi.stance, existing publicly available geologic and envuonmental data ... to identify preliminary candidate areas.'' In my opinion, North Carolinians should be asking, "Where was Gevemor Martin during the time that South Carolina's Governor was in Washington, D.C. fighting to protect that state from being dumped on more than they already have beenr' Arc the people aware that Governor Martin is from South Carolina? Also, the people should be made aware that Congressman Bill Hendon accepted campaign funds from 18 out-of-state nuclear power companies of $250.00 each plus donations from in-state companies. Isn't it reasonable to assume that he would feel obligated to them rather than the people of this state? Isn't it possible that he may not be well-informed on the potential threat to the lives of the people in thC: vicinity of a hazardous nuclear waste dump as we arc? Consider the fact that he recently made a "mistake" in voting [Qr the MRS budget and that he has not been successful in getting one bill through Congress in over three years. If we are to be successful in protecting ourselves and future generations from a nuclear holocaust, we must get involved in the political process and elect public officials who w~ be responsive to our urgent requests to protect our envuonment DOE anticipates "recommending to the President three sites for characterization for a second repository in the early 1990's." Let's be sure that the people of wesrcrn North Carolina have someone in Washington, D.C. to care for YJnotjust big industry. Sincerely, Esther c. Cunningham Franklin, NC - continued from p. 11 'I . . . I am mtei:ested in_ proi:notin~ home music-making -smgmg & playing music with friends and writing songs. Those of us who were not born where we have put down roo~ become part of local culture, and can bring our insights & light co a place ... music is my way of doing it. I love spontaneous music-making & sharing. rt turns us away from mass culture (TV & MTV, etc.) and gives us a beauty and richness we can share. Als~>, in a mystic~! sense, our singing and playing adds music of a human kind 10 a place long after the music has stopped. M~st of my son~s sing about nature anyway. Human bemgs neeg to sing. Nature loves the singing. Thank you for .Katlulh's song. Love, Cindy Crossen Pittsboro, NC Dear friends at Kill!.ah. We appreciate your kind words for our publication and the Backroads column. We have seen young people, families, older people, and combinations of all of the above taking those tours. They occasionally stop by to say hello and all of them have been very nice people who appreciate the very things we would like to preserve about the Blue Ridge. We know that, like everywhere else, growth is inevitablC:, _but we hope to ~ abl~ to guide that growth along more posittve, non-destrucuve hnes. We feel one way is to create an awareness of what is here and has been here. In the past two years, The Mountain I.aurel has attracted national attention, so we must be on the right track. We have no degrees in journalism, but follow only our instincts. We try to present mountain people and their ways and mountain places in their true light and give people a "taste" of what mountain life is really like. Susan Thigpen, Editor The Mountain I.aurel: Monthly Journal of Mountain Life Route I MeadowsofDan, VA 24120 ,,# ,P' AQUACULTURE basic background information for each stage of the fish-raising process, and 3) offers a variety of techniques to handle the different fish species in different fish farm situations. The result is that fish farmers are able to design their own individual aquaculture operations that arc tailored to the particular conditions of their environment and the scale at which they want to work. The freshwater Aguaculture Book is a multi-leveled statement In its form and in its content it speaks to the question of what arc the true and enduring values that will make fish culture or any other enterprise a truly satisfying and life-enhancing occupation. Many people will benefit from the practical infonnation and advice McLamey offers on fish-raising. It can only be hoped that some will respond as well to the deeper discourse that seeks to define what is truly appropriate and lasting. Ultimately, these values can only be realized through experimentation and practice as part of a continuing process of maintaining our "place", the point where we arc in balance with the natural world, but il is most helpful to have a guidebook to help point the way. If we are to speak of an aquaculture for small groups and individuals, it will ultimately be up to us, as small groups and individuals, to create it. Fortuna1ely, despite the gaps in our knowledge, there is much that we can do right now. Some of what we can do is contained in this book. The implementaJion of this information and the testing of these ideas will be an important step toward a more diverse and imponant future for aquaculture in North America. reviewed by David Wheeler, KA AH-page 4 1 ,, . ~• l:11mmer 1986 �A CHILDREN'S PAGE W.l ow +he_.,; W,//ow~ r ~ f'P) ~ f ~ -"Jf' ~ 8/1.1,ru ze B , \ (l;;Y P/ /( ~ 111t1e /he AH - page 25 a11J Once fhere w,.~if. Su~ Sec.A a IN' S e>ri " COCA/J not /;,,.., 5o 11,c PltN.f a!iked WinJ. KA f to blow if 0'1 If. +k :fe°'r +o earlh. "'@ c::> ~ �.. - continued from p. 3 SA YING "NO!" of Energy. With the knowledge that the citizenry of this state is solidly behind them, activists can organize without fear of local h~tility from state officials. More people will be likely to participate in civil disobedience, for example, if it comes down to ~at It's nice to know you're in friendly temtory. Rererendums on Other Issues? When the Nonh Carolina legislature decided to place the high-level nuclear waste issue on the ballot, it broke a longstanding rule against holding referendums. Indeed, it was the first referendum in the history of the state on anything but a Constitutional Amendment or a bond issue, both of which are required by state law. Many other groups, representing a multitude of causes, have been clamoring for state-wide referendums on their issues, only to be rejected by the state legislature on the grounds that North Carolina traditionally has a "representative form of government". This means that the people elect officials who in turn are supposed to make all the important decisions for them. This is an archaic interpretation of democratic government which amounts to tight fisted, autocratic control and discourages a participatory role by the citizenry. This philosophy of government has ruled North Carolina and the entire Southeast since the Revolutionary War, and kept this state in the political dark ages. Many states, by contrast, have instated an "Initiative Process" whereby any group or individual can circulate a petition for a referendum and. once the required number of signatures has been achieved, it is placed on the st.ate-wide ballot In some states, such as Oregon and Maine, initiatives become binding laws if voted on and passed by a majority of the people. Now that the North Carolina State Legislature has broken with tradition by placing one referendum on the ballot, it will be hard to rationalize the denial of others. The pressure from lobbying groups will be enormous. Perhaps the stranglehold of authoritarian rule is finally beginning to lose its grip and a new political age is dawning. National Significance On a national level, the results of this referendum have great meaning. . As much as the ~t of Energy denies that politics enters its decision-making process, politics will be the ~iding factor in where, if anywhere, a high-level nuclear waste repository will go. There is no safe method to bury nuclear waste and there is no safe place for nuclear waste. No geological location is suitable. Everywhere is on top of some water table. The DOE is merely in the process of finding out where they can put the repository so that it will be economically suitable for the nuclear industry and where people will let them put it without major political upheaval. They have now discovered, to their disappointment, that Nonh Carolina is not that place. In addition to putting the DOE on notice, the waste referendum has sent out a signal. to the rest of the country which is of great importance. North Carolina and the southeast is not known for its leadership in en.~ental issues. Quite to the contrary, this region has been the most politically conservative and industry-oriented. The fact that this state has taken such an overwhelming stand in opposition to nuclear waste bas particular significance. The referendum has given North Carolina leadership potential on a national basis in regard to the nuclear waste issue. The less conservative st.ates, threatened with the dump, will in all probability, hold similar referendums of their own in the near future. (Wisconsin held a referendum prior to No~ .Carolina and rejc:cted the dump with a maJOnty of 89%.) This turn of events will create a block of st.ates from different regions of the ceuntry in alliance with each other. and ~pposcd to the misguided process that 1s being used to deal with nuclear waste. Io essence these states will spearhead a national movement which could lead to the demise of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. •.»o0 • A variety 1J{ ~f,..i""'"" wholesome baked goods OC4 Chesterfte!d tttU next IO French Broad Trading Co.op Potential is the Key Word The referendum in North Carolina has come and gone. Those of us who worked bard to make it a reality have tasted a small measure of success. But the real fruits of our labor are yet to come, and it will involve a committment to years of hard work to bring this saga to a happy conclusion. The referendum has generated a great potential to bring about all the benefits outlined here, but the potential will not be realized unless people make a concerted effort to take advantage of the momentum we presently have, to direct that momentum, and to create the future scenario we desire. Let's use this referendum for what it's worth. If you live in a state other than North Carolina and wish to help instigate a referendum in your state, CCNW might be a good source of infonnation for you. Write: NATIJRAL FOOD STORE &DELI CCNW P.O. Box 653 Dillsboro, NC 28725 Avram FriMman and the CCNW group first initiated the idea of a NC nuclear waste referendwn this past winter (see ~ #ll). , Open 7 Days A Week 160 Broadway Asheville, NC 28801 Monday - Friday 9:00 a.rn. - 8:00 p.m. Saturday 9:00 a.m. - 6:30 p.m. Sunday 1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.rn. (704) 253-7656 Where Broadway Meets Merrimoo And 1-240 ACUPUNCTURE ASSOCIATES of ASHEVILLE Mary C. Majebc 258-9016 KurtKochek 258-0837 Naoki Kubota 254-9236 Acupuncture, Nutritional Counselling, Chinese Herbology, Shiatsu Summer 1986 �N'flBe. tJ. - --ea-t L alces r- g-on-. C a- ca - Sh-asta, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.:..,__ Gr - - - e i - s -dia, _ 'The larger functi.oning of bjoregions leads to a consideration that the Earth be view~d pr~marily as an inlt!r-related system of b1oreg1ons and only secondarily as a community of nations. 'The more massive bureaucratic nations of the world have lost their inner vitality because they can no longer respond to the particular functioning of the various bioregions within their borders. A second difficulty within the massive nations is the exploitation of some bioregions for the advantage of others. A third difficulty is the threate~ devastalWn of the entire planel by the conflict ofmassive bureaucratic nations with their weaponry capable of continental and even planetary devastation . To break these nations down into their appropriate bioregiona/ communities could be a possible way to peace. 'This bioregional mode of thinking and acting is presently one of the most vigorous movements taking place anywhere on the North American continent. Its comprehensive concern is leading toward a rt!()rdering ofall our existing establishmenrs: the political-legal, the commercial-industrial communications, educational and religio~ establishmenrs. N Upper Sonoran, Ohio River basin Hudson River Estuary, and Katuah as ' well as others. The regions themselves were reercsented - the land, the plants, the animals, as well as the humans. The focus of the Congress was on the whole ecological community of North America Turtle Island. At the final plenary session ofNABC I it was unanimously agreed that a second North American Bioregional Congress should convene in 1986. Now plans are underway for NABC 1I! It will be hosted by the Great Lakes Bioregional Congress (GLBC) from August 25-29, 1986. There will be a conference style format at the beginning of the week followed by the convening of the formal Congress later in the week. Some major areas of ecologically-based work which will be represented at NABC D are: ~xhibit ~air. The format of the Congress itself will .be at the discretion of the representallves. The NABC I was structured to include NABC Standing Committees (Agriculture/Permaculture Econ?mics, Forests, Culture & Arts, etc.} ~ectln~ on a regular basis plus small d!scus~1on .groups meeting to discuss b1orcg1onal 1ssues and practical strategies as well as plenary sessions. ' Throughout the week there will be amp!~ . time for informal networking, socializing, and celebrating. I_'. contingency from Kat6ah will be a~tendi.ng NABC II and is developing a b1orc;g1onal .presentation and exhibit for sharing with the other bioregions. ~ponsors of NABC II from Appalachia include: Katiiab: Bjorc~onal Journal of the Southern Appalachjans. Indian Valley Ce~~r for Holistic Living and Learning (Wilhs, VA), Lon~ Branch Environmental Educatio~ Cen~ (S~dy Mush, NC), and A~p~ach1a-Sc1ence 10 the Public Interest ~LIVlng~ton, KY). For additional mfonnaoon, contact Mamie Muller ~ (704) 252-9167 P"' All Species Rights Appropriate Technology, An:hirecture, and Design Bioregionalisrn...Cooperatives/Communities Cul1we/Ans •• .Ecological Politics/Green Ec~Feminism'Posl patriarchlal values Politics Educalioo...Environmental DefensdConservatioo Forestry/Agrofaesuy Holistic Health Care/Healing Land Stewardship...Native People's Rights Organic Agricu ltute/Pennaculture - Thomas Berry in Bjoregjons.· The Context for Rejnhabjtjng the Eqrth. 1984 Peace/Equality/Justice...Regional Planning In May of 1984, over 200 participants from all over the continent attended the first North American Bi~egional Congress ... representatives from bloregional, ecological an~ sustain~bility-oriented groups, and nauve and tnbal organizations. Bioregional areas represented included the Prairie Ozarks, Cumberland-Green watershed' ' Renewable Resource Development Responsible lnves1rnent Spiriruallty/Sacredne.WCeremony Sustainable F.conomics/BU$iness Water Quality ....• as weU as others. The Conference time will include papers,. panels and special b1oregional presentauons,and a bioregional "".orks~ops, ~a~e, ~~ T-SHI RTS Each ori2inal desi 2n hand screened in 5 colors on the finest 100% pre-shrunk cotton Short SIMVe Long SIHVe short and lon2 sleeve t-shirts. 110 ppd. rSEJIP CJrFOC s14 pd l P CNA1t9E' • Na me Black Bear D Silver 0 Tan 0 While Red-failed Hawk D Ecru long Short 0 0 a l'f, a ,r , J long sleeve Includes hawk feat'-s /L__ _ ) ,.....,po~ Address '"&::::;:=~;:;;;~;::::::::::::= Mastercard v· " _T_,,......_........ flt.one Silver 0 Tan S·M-L-Xl .., r,,,..ti.. • ~( 1-· O(M,~:;1~.,. ISO -------Exp. date w.,....ui.,11en7M olltu dalgns_o - .-lob-1.e__ #Nlfar o lxocJuuc ULTRAVIOLET PURIFICATION ANO FILTERING SYSTE"IS SOLAR PRODUCTS WATER ANAlYSIS RANDALL C. LAN IER 704 29359 12 H W Y 107 RT. 68 BOX 125 CUL LOW HEE, N C 28 723 KAT AH - page 27 Joe Roberts 258-1038 734 Town Mountain Rd , 01vrd Reed 253 2846 Ashtville. NC 28805 . nmml'r IQRI'\ �20-22 e v € n t' 5 13-18 Slippery Rock, PA A People's Conference on the Fate of Our Forests. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA; sponsored by The Earth Regeneration and Reforestation Association (fERRA); More info: TERRA c/o Elfin Permacu!ture; P.O. Box 202; Orange, MA 01364; (617) 544-7810. 28 20-25 28-July 5 Burnsville, NC Southern Appalachian Wilderness Encounter led by Doug Elliott; hiking camping, foraging in the mountains - for info, write or call: Doug Elliott; Rt 4, Box 137; Burnsville, NC 28714 (704) 682-9263. Nantahala River Nantaha!a River Festiya! - River cleanup, environmental awareness programs, biking, Bartram Trail walks, swimming. Free camping; meals available. Reply to: Brett Poirier; US 19W, Box 41; Bryson City, NC 28713. 21 Summer Solstice-Full Moon Celo Community, NC Full Moon Party - Drumming, dancing; bring instruments, snacks, high spirits; "Mountain Gardens," 3020 Whiteoak Creek Rd. (704) 675-5664. Pre-register: Southern Dharma Retreat Center; Rt. 1, Box 34H; Hot Springs, NC 28743. 28 Great Smokies Park Greeory Bald Azalea Hike Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6121-22 28 Banner Elk, NC R2an Mountain Hike North Carolina Nature Conservancy; P.O. Box 805; Chapel Hill, NC 27514. 21 21 Swannanoa, NC O_penine Concert of Swannanoa Oamber Festival at Warxcn Wi1son Co!!cze William Nelson and Werner John. 8:00 P.M., Kittredge Theater, WWC. Hot Sprlngs, NC Goddesses Arnone Us: An Empowr;rment Retreat for Meo and Women Black Mountain, NC Timmy Abell Irish & Traditional. McDibbs, see 6121. 28-29 Great Smokies Park Mt. LeConte Lodee Hjke & Oyernieht Research Qn Wild Mammals Qf the Sm2kies: A Hands-On Course Qn Animal Life jn SmQky Mountain Streams Smoley Mountain Field School, see 6121-22 Il1LY ~ July Genius Qf fubn Juliys WilnQty Cherokee Heritage Center. 21 Black Mountain, NC John Pabey Conte.mporary of Leo Kottke. McDibbs; 119 Cherry St; B!aclc Mountain, NC 28711. 21-22 13-15 Farner, TN Herbal Retreat at PeJ>perland Fann Camp; herb walks, foraging for wild foods, identifying medicinal plants, etc. $65.00 meals & lodging/adults; children 6-16, $15; under 6, free. (704) 494-2353. Leicester, NC "Positively StQppine tbe Dump" Celebration - Fuodraiser. Music, food, volleyball and information. Sandy Mush Community Center 12:00 Noon - 8:00 PM. 14 Great Smokies Park Identification of Fems Smoky Mountain Field School. Non-credit programs. 2016 Lake Ave.; University of Tennessee; Knoxville, 1N 37996. 22-28 Brasstown, NC June Dance Week English, American & Scottish country dance and song. Tuition $130 plus lodging and meals. John C. Campbell Folk School, see 6/15. 14-22 Sam's Knob Mountain Reeional Rainbow Summer Solstice Celebration Contact: David Recd, (704) 253-2846 (before 9:30 P.M.). Brasstown, NC June Festival Choice of classes in mountain singing, recorder, and dulcimer; or crafts. Tuition $130 plus meals and lodging. John C. Campbell Fol.le School; Rt. l; Brasstown, NC 28902. (704) 837-2775. 5 Alum Ridge, VA Psycho Chiroloey Seminar on psychological hand interpretation with Muzawir. $25 or barter, free camping. Pre-register: Penny Royal Educational Center; Rt. H C 67, Box 171 ; Alum Ridge, VA 24051 (703)763-3728. 6-7 Turtle Island "Circle Qf Lieht" - Prayers for protection of the Hopis and Dineb threatened with forced removal from their sacred land by the U.S. Government. From midnight July 6 throughout the removal deadline date of July 7. 15-21 23-27 Horsepasture River Pretty Pictures & Politics: visual Environmentalism Appalachian Environmental Arts Center; P.O. Drawer 580; Highlands, NC 28741. 6-7 Celo Community, NC "Mountain Gardens" tour and perennial plant sale; 3020 Whiteoak Creek Rd., (704) 675-5664. 18-21 Bakersville, NC RhQdQdendrnn Festival TRAC; Spruce Pine, NC 28777. Raleigh, NC l.ow-Jeyel Radiation Waste Rally to urge the NC General Assembly to get out of SE Compact (see ~ p.21) Maio speaker: Brost Schori, biosafety radiation officer at Dartmouth Medical Center. At State Capitol, starts 9:00 am. more info: (919) 832-7491. 17 25-26 Raleigh, NC NC Al!ematiye Faonine Fjeld Jlu. Promising new approaches for a sustainable agriculture. More info: Dr. R. H. Miller; Dept of Soil Science; P.O. Box 7619, NC State University; Raleigh, NC 27695-7619. 26-29 Swannanoa, NC SwQCds intQ Plowshares Peace Studies programs in higher education. Warren Wilson College. Swannanoa, NC 298-3325 (x231). 10-Aug 3 Blue Ridge Parkway MQuntain Sweet Talk Two-act play by The Folkte!Jers. Folk Art Center Theater. More info: Mountain Sweet Talk; c/o The Fol.lctellers; P.O. Box 2898; Asheville, NC 28802 (704) 258-1113. �11- 19 Alum Ridge, VA Psychic Allunement Seminar with Tom Williams and Muzawir. Explore the self-healing abilities we all possess. S200 or barter; bring food, pre-register. sec 115. '? ,·..~ ..~ .. · {u-~~ ~ • ~) ... ~~ :~ . ). :t ' '. ~-- . - . - r.:- _,. - ~~ - ~ 9-10 Willis, VA The Herbal Medjcjne Chest with Susun S. Weed. Contact: Indian Valley Holistic Center. Rt. 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380. 11-17 Willis, VA Women's Wellness Week Bodywork, herbal medicine and medical self-help, see 8/9. 12 West Jefferson, NC Bluff Mountain Hike North Carolina Nature Conservancy, see 6128. 14-25 Elkins, WV Augusta Heritage Arts fair food, crafts, and !otsa music! (3 workshops by Doug Elliott as well: herbs, woodslore, basketmaking) call : (304) 636-1903 for info. As heville, NC 39th Annya! Soythem Hiehlands Handicraft Guild Fair. Asheville Civic Center, (704) 298-7928. 16 Alum Ridge, VA Environmental Harmony Workshop with Edward J. Kesgen of Sunshine Weavers. Cost $35 per person, $55 per couple; bring food. Pre-register by 8/8. see 11 5. 19 13-20 Asheville, NC French Broad River Weck, Featuring: Sept. 13 RIVERFEST - AU-day event on the Asheville waterfront celebrating the French Broad River - raft rides, games, crafts, displays. Music by Mike Cross and local musicians. Celo Community, NC full Moon Paay - sec 612 ! . 17-20 19 Celo Community, NC full Moon Paey - see 612 l. Great Lakes Bioregion North American Bjoregional Coneress 11 NABC 11 Office; Bioregional Project; New Life Farm, Inc. Box 3; Brixey, MO 65618. Regionally: (704) 252-9167. 25-31 Banner Elk, NC Bie Yellow Mountain Hike NC Nature Conservancy, sec 6128. Also raft and canoe trips, hikes, displays, contests, river clean-up throughout French Broad River Weck. Dates not set at publication time. Call or write: Bill Eaker Land of Sky Regional Council 19 25 Heritage Drive Asheville, NC 28806 (704) 254-8131 for dates and details. SEPTEMBER 7-8 20-26 Brasstown, NC Multi-Media Week I Basketry, Pottery, Blacksmithing & more. John C. Campbell Folk School, sec 6/15. Celo Community, NC "Mountain Gardens" tour and perennial plant sale; see July 6-7. 18 21-25 Swannanoa, NC The Many faces of PeacemaJcjng, Elderhostel class on global understanding. Warren Wilson College; More info: 298-3325 (x231). ,.st3~ .~CJ,_ . -. Swannanoa, NC Facine the Nuclear Winter Njght: Options and Actjons. World Affairs Institute. Warren Wilson College, Swannanoa, NC (919) 786-5233. 25-27 Modica! Sell-Help 30-Aug 3 Swannanoa, NC fellowship of Reconcjliation National Conference Key speakers include Wendell Berry, Dorothy Cotton and Miles Honon. Contact: Rural Southern Voice for Peace; 190 I Hannah Branch Road; Burnsville, NC 28714. Celo Community, NC "Moyntajn Gardens" tour and perennial plant sale; sec July 6-7. 3-16 Brasstown, NC Mountain Traditions Stone Carving, Dulcimer & more. John C. Campbell Folk School, see 6/15. 8 Brasstown, NC Mountain Music Concert with Homer Ledford. John C. Campbell Folk School, see 6/15. - J:J11da J"!J G>tik S1'1'C.//Jfi (} fXtp ~(11.1<tf ~f.1.wqr :R!t~ ti 'R.;faritJ 'f3.1f..111rn~q - A llA!rlng Ind '-"'II mou,_, _ Cm!f"" August 11·17 Wldl H-S-WMd, c.,..,_ M_.t, MD. Hd 8od1 w...... udMlllklM Mtndldl Mclno..a "!ltffJ D:<'\1u_y.u .W•11 255-19M IHDIAH VALU!Y RETREAT - 2ao.sa.w... vA2-110317- , ff 13- 18 Ib' 20 -22 27-29 July 4-6 11- 13 6211-15J7 SOUTHE:RN DHARMJ\ RE:TRE:J\T CE:NTE:R SUMMER SCHEDULE Q11ddcuu Eamgy,~DJKn& AUGUST 3-4 / ~ HMology P•- . l l S - WOQIXD1'8 w.a&Jll!a W%llX Asheville, NC Bele Cher Festival; Downtown Asheville. f(1 ~ S""'"'9 w.....,_ 25-27 Celo Community, NC Full Moon Paey - sec 6121. ama111 Lii Ao B'-lttll Cm M= 1Dd Wgmm with Roger Woolger. Ao iouoductloo to the universal feminine archeiypcs aod ao exploration or their meaoiog to us. :Cai Cb! Cb11m - Ihc E11cmlm E11cm with Harold Miller. A wec.ltend CllploratioD ioto the way of oot-doiog, or dancing the Mystic Spiral, or creating your own Formless Form. A ~iRllllDI MGdllllhlD Yl';ks=Dd with Rodney Smith. RodDCy will provide useM guidlll(:e aod instruction in medication aod will be available as teacber-io-re11dence June 30 through July 3 for those who wish to do private retreats. 2S-27 SRWL with Harruoo HobU~lle, Ph.D. A weekend or mediUtiOD aod discuuioo ~latlog Buddhitm and ChriJtlaoil:y. Miad[11lan1 Mcdi111l11a with S11110 Augenstein. Medlutlon aod momnt to momen1 awareness are the focUJ or this week.cod. Aqust Xllll !Qt Xlllll Wb11lc l.iCI< with BODDe Kelly. Adaptiog yoga to daily 1etivitia aod individual needs. 22- 24 A Bjau! z,o Wi:ckmd with S&ody Stewar1. The way or the selllesa self. 29 . ~ Hs:1lia1 I•:r Imi11 Mt:dilltiSZD IDd Cal Sept I K.11.u. with Anna Joy Oaybeart. A comp~hens lve ioll'Oductlon to Ille ll)(:le111 Taoist pr1ellces. 12-14 I2iss<cD1laa lb' Cbd11 Seed l1!'.ilbia with A ~ilHlllDI Mcdllaliaa W"l"ad with John YungbluL Exploring Christlaoi1y and Rodney Smith. relatiag the mystical upcrieoce of Christ to lcsi1b1 Mcdi111i11n IDd lb' Li!c ac 1bc meditatioo and. cootempla11ve prayer. Southern Obarma Retreat Center is localed in a ~moie area of the Smoley M ountains near Asheville, North Carolina. For further information about Southern Ohanna or about aoy or the programs above, call or write: SOtrrH.ERN DRARMA RETREAT CENTER 8-10 RLI, Boll 34-H; Roi Sprio&J, NC 28743 (704) 622-7112 �Hoaldeas GARDENING NEWSLETTER - A monthly review gleaning the mos1 practical and innovative ideas from hundreds of teehnical iniemational horticuhural publications - S 10 per year; sample copy: SI. Route I; Gravel Swhch, KY 40328. ACCESS is a free lelephone infonnation service on peace issues including mili1ary spending, environ.menial impacts of miliiary activity, conflicl resolution, elC. Your only charge is your long-distance phone call. ACCESS I is (202) 328-2323. ln!m!arianal pmnacuhgrc Seeti Yearbook - The annual bulletin, direciory, and resource guide for pen:nacultvre practitionen; $10.00; Box 202; Onnge,MA 01364. DRUM WORKSHOPS - for children of all ages. lherapeutic massage - Relaxes lhe body & mind...Call Martha for more info 11 (704) 252-2420. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS - herbal salves, tincnues, & oils for birthing & family heallh. For brochu~ please write: Moon Dance Farm; RL I, Box 726; Hampton. TN 37658 HOLOGRAPHIC ASTROLOGY - Every part of a hologram con1J1ins all !he info abou1 the en1ire hologram, and each ctll in your body contains all !he genetic data about your whole body. Similarly, every body conlains all Ille infounation about lhe entire solar sysiern - you are !he solar sysiem and each of your planeu is ooe of your potentials. Olan & Consul11tion, SS0.00 Harrie1 Witt Miller (704) 689-4617. FAIRGLEN FARMS offen organic, biological feniliz.ers for fmn md garden. Send SASE for price lisL Biologically-grown produce IO sell? We SC interested in acting IS cooperalive nwketing agenlS with other growers. Wriie: Rouie 1, Box 319; Clyde, NC 28721. HOW - TO - BOOKS: "Gemstones, Crysials & Healing" by The.Ima Isaacs - 30 mineral families cl oompleie descriptions ($8.00); "NllUJ'e's Pantty" by David Wilson - 100 wild edible foods ($3.00); "The Soler Energy N0tebook" by Rankins cl Wilson use lhe sun for home heating ($6.00}. Please add $I ~:Jpping per order. Lorien House, POB 1112, Black Mounlain, NC 28711. 1HE RAINBOW LODGE, a conference ctnier and reirea1 facility, is available for workshops, reueais, ete. - Write: RL 4, Boll 4636; BWrsville, GA 30512. CRAFTS FROM SALVADORAN AND GUATEMALAN REFUGEES IN NICARAGUA: Cards, plaques, boxes, puzzles, patt:bes; This irade benefits refugees directly. Brochure from: Dry Creek Cooperative Trading 918 Jennings CL Woodbu.ry, TN 37190 a oon-profil oraaniz.ation. UGHTWORKS - luminous fabric window pieces by Cathy Scou; 734 Town Mountain Rd.; Asheville, NC 28804. FRIENDS OF 1lfE MOUNTAINS is a grassrOOlS organization involved in !he conservation and proiection of !he soulhem Appalachian highlands. RL 2, Box 2279; ClaylOll, GA 30525. CHEROKEE CLEANSING lEA - over a doz.en herbs (makes app. one gallon) - $1 .SO from Medicine Canoe Products; RL2, Box 90-E; Old Fon. NC 28762. ELACHEE NATURE SCIENCE CENTER dedicaled IO !he undemanding and apjX1!Cialion of lhe nawral world. For membership or visiting info, write P.O. Boll 2771 ; Gainesville, GA 30503. AMRITA HERBAL PRODUCTS - Comfrey, Eucalypws, or Golden Seal Salve, Lemon or Lavender Pace Cream. Made wilh nawral and essential oils and love. Send for brochure: RL 1, Box 737; Floyd, VA 24091. AMERICAN MINOR BREEDS CONSERVANCY is saving endangered breeds of farm liveslOCk. If you keep any minor breeds or know of olhen who do, please lei AMBC know. $10 10 join. AMBC; P.O. Box 477; PillSboro, NC 27312. CUSTOM CELTIC HARPS - A'Coun Bason; Travianna F1rn1; RL 1; Check. VA 24072. Shares for sale in FLOYD AORICULTURAL ENERGY CO-OP; par valued at $100 each. Will Bason; Travianna Farm; Rt I ; Check, VA 24002. •AS WE ARE" - Women's music by Pomegrana1e Rose, a four-woman group playing lively original music. Casse11e llpe avail.able for $9.00 ppd. from RL 2, Box 435; Piusboro, NC 27312. INDIAN VALLEY RETREATS - We offer individual or group reireats on our 140 acteS of rolling meadows, wooded r:raiJs, fresh waier streams and clean air in the majestic Blue Ridge Mountains of Soulhwes1 Virginia, IS miles norlh of !he Blue Ridge Parkway. Reireats can be lailorcd 10 your needs, wilh as much or as little guidanct and social imerx1ion as you wish. We have rustic cabins, privaie or semi-private rooms or camping. $10 per nigh1 per person, bed and breakfasL Indian Valley Holistic Center; RL 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380 (703) 789-4295. THE LONE RECYQ ER -- Comic book advenwres of humankind's early suuggle to combat was1efulness. $4.00 pp. from Long Branch Environmenlal Education Cenicr; RL 2, Boll 132; ~._~.•::~~o "" Send submissions io: K.o.DWi P.O. Boll 873 Cniiownee, NC 28723 BIG MOUNTAIN - 10,000 traditional Navajo people lhreaiened with removal by US govemmenl IO make way for coal and uranium mines. Support and donations needed. Write: Big Mountain Legal Defense/Offense Committ.ee; 2501 N. 41h SI., Suile 18; Flags1aff, AZ 86001 (602) 774-5233. At ARTIIUR MORGAN SCHOOL 24 swdents and 14 staff learn iogelher by living in community. Curriculum includes creative academics. group decision-making, a work program, servict projects, extensive field trips, challenging ou1door ellperiencts. Write: 1901 Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714. GREEN RIVER RESEARCH JOURNAL exploring lhe connections beiween body. cools, and land. Send $1.00 for sample copy io: Boit 1919; Brattleboro, VT 05301. APPALACHIAN GINSENG CO. - Cuhivaied American ginseng, siratlfied seeds, seedling roots T-Shins wilh ginseng logo, $9.00 ppd from P.O. Box 547; Dillsboro, NC 28725. KA AH - page 30 MALAPROP'S BOOKSTORE/CAFE BOOKS - CARDS - RECORDS FOUR WINDS VlLLAGE - health and spiri1ua1 reireat; home for children in need. For visiting info, write: Boll 112; Tiger, GA 30576. 61 HAYWOOD ST., ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 (704) 254-6734 Summerl986 �K1Hfiah. wants to communicate your thoughts and f eelings 10 the other people in the bioregiona/ provirlce. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, drawings, or pho tographs. Please send your contributions to us at: Kmflgh; Box 873; Cullowhee, NC 28723. The fall Kitiiah, Issue XIll, will collect our thoughts and experiences of "Death and Dying". The deadline for all submissions for that issue is August I. Please send your ideas for a theme for the winter issue of .Kat:Y.im. Medicine-- .Allies GET BACK! issues of Katuah full color T-sfiirts In the traditional Cherokee Indian belief, the creatures in the world today are only diminutive fonns of the mythic beings who once inhabited the world, but who now reside in Galuna'ti, the spirit world, the highest heaven. But a few of the original powers broke through the spiritual barrier and exist yet in the world as we know it. These beings are called with reverence "grandfathers". And of them, the strongest are KfilWi, the lightning, the power of the sky; Utsa'nati. the rattlesnake, who personifies the power of the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdj, "the little man", as ginseng is called in the sacred ceremonies, who draws up power from th.e underworld. Each is the strongest power in its own domain. Together they are allies: their energies complement each other to form an even greater power. As medicine allies, they represent the healing power of the Appalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of Katiiah have been depicted in a striking T-shirt design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 5-color silkscreen by Ridgerunner Naturals on top-quality, all-cotton shirts, they are available now in all adult sii.es from the Km.ah journal. "To show r espect for this supernatural trinity of the natural world is to in turn become an ally in the continuing process of maintaining harmony and balance here in the mountains ofKatUah." To order, use the form below. ISSUE TWO - WTNTER 1983-84 Yona - But Huniers - Pigeon River Another Way With Animals - Alma Becoming Polilically Erreclive • Mountain Woodlands - Katii.ab Under lhc Drill - Spiritual Warriors ISSUE THREE - SPRING 1984 SUstainable Agriculture - SuoOowers Human lm.pect oo the Forest • Childrens' Education - Veronica Nicbolas:Woman in Politics - Little People - Medicine Allies ISSUE NINE - FAll 198S The Waldec Forest - The Trees Speak Migrating Foresu - Horse Logging Starting a Tree Crop - Urban Trees Acom Bread · Myth Tune ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 1984 Waier Oram - Water Quality - Kudzu Solar Eclipse - Clcarcuttin8 - Trout · Going to Water • Ram Pumps Microhydro - Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE TEN - WINTER 198S-86 Kale Rogers - Circles of Stone • Internal Mylhmakiog - Holistic Hcalln8 on Trial - Poems: Sieve Koauth - Mythic Places The Uktena's Tale - Crystal Magic "Dreamspeaking" ISSUE FIVE- FAll 1984 Harvest • Old Ways in Cherokee Ginseng - Nuclear Wasie - Our Celtic Heritage - Biore8ionaliJm: Past, Present, and Future - John Wllnoty - Healio8 Oarlcness • Politics of Participation ISSUE EL£VSN - SPRING 1986 Community Planning · Cities and the Bioregional Vision - Recycling • Community Gardening· Floyd County, VA • Gasohol • Two Bioregiooal Views Nuclear Supplement - Foxfire Gamca -Good Medicine: Visions ISSUE SIX - WINTER 1984-85 Winter Solstice Barth Ceremony Horsepastu.re River • Com.log of lhe Light - Log Cabin Roou - Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop - William Taylor - The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN · SPRING 19&S Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs Worker Ownership - The Great Economy • Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey Responsible Investing • Working in the Web of Life KATUAH: Bjoreeional Journal of the Southern Ap_palacbjans Box 873; Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723 For more info: call Marnie Muller (704) 252-9167 Regular Membership........$10/yr. Sponsor.......................$20/yr. Contributor...................$50/yr. Name ISSUE EIGHT· SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Ka!Uab 18,000 Years Ago • Sacred Siles - Folk Ans in the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle Poems: Hilda Downer - Cherokee Heritage Center · Who Owns Appalachia? Address Back Issues Issue# @ $2.00 = $ Issue# - -@ $2.00 = $ - Issue#--@ $2.00 = $ - Issue#--@ $2.00 = $- Issue#--@ $2.00 = $ - Complete Set (2-11) -@ $15.00 = $_ _ T-Shirts: specify quantity color: tan M Enclosed is$ to give this effort an extra boost I can be a local contact person for my area State City Area Code Phone Number KATUAH - page 31 S L @ $9.50 each ............$_ _ XL Zip TOTAL PRICE = postage paid $_ _ Summer 1986 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, Issue 12, Summer 1986 Description An account of the resource The twelfth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> covers a variety of topics, including, nuclear energy issues, shiitake mushrooms, trout farms, and the Cherokee people's historic use of tobacco. Authors and artists in this issue include: Joe Hollis, Rhea Rose Ormond, Avram Friedman, Michael Red Fox, D. Newton Smith, Rob Messick, Corry, Ise Williams, David Wheeler, Stephen Wingeier, Jerry Trivette, Perry Eury, and Marnie Muller. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Living in the Garden.......1<br /><br />The NC Nuclear Referendum.......3<br /><br />Shiitake.......4<br /><br />"The Water Cycle": A Poem.......6<br /><br />The Sacred Scarab.......7<br /><br />Circles of Communication.......8<br /><br />Review: The Wise Woman Herbal For the Childbearing Year.......9<br /><br />Review: The Small-Scale Aquaculture Book.......10<br /><br />Good Medicine: Tobacco.......12<br /><br />Sun Root.......14<br /><br />Poem: "The Homestead on Horn Mountain".......14<br /><br />"Hilahi'Yu...": The Formation of the Appalachian Mountains.......15<br /><br />Natural World News.......19<br /><br />"The Willow Tree": A Children's Story.......25<br /><br />NABC II.......27<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sylva Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Beginning Human ecology Radioactive waste disposal--Appalachian Region, Southern Shiitake--Appalachian Region, Southern Dung beetles Cherokee Indians--Tobacco use--History North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Agriculture Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Book Reviews Cherokees Children's Page Community Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Katúah Pigeon River Poems Radioactive Waste Stories Turtle Island Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/e7f01928de6c753c09827e4dfd0aace1.pdf ef599a4389ecc1498b620fa99229c8b9 PDF Text Text --~ $JOO ATUAH ISSUE XVI SUMMER1987 Coming of Age �('"I N [" 00 N El ~ ~ ll.. INTERVIEW: HELEN WAITE. .............................................................3 POEM : "VISIONS IN A GARDEN"....................................................5 THE VISION QlJEST............................................................................6 FIRST FLOW .........................................................................................8 THOUGHTS ON INITIATION.............................................................9 ARCHETYPES OF MALE INITIATION.............................................9 LEARNING IN THE WILDERNESS................................................. 12 CHEROKEE CHALLENGE ..................................................................15 NATURAL WORLD NEWS................................................................16 VIEW FROM THE CORNERS: "VALUING TREf;:S"......................19 TURTLE ISLAND TALKING ............................................................20 YOUNG PEOPLE'S PAGE..................................................................25 ~ ~ . ... -. = ~ ~ :; ·. . • z .s, Ul (.) ~ ~ • ~ ti !; ~ ~~ g ..J St ~ a~ ~ so ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ E-1 CJ) ~ 0 ~ i::t:; z 0 H E-1 u ~ ~ u 0 CJ) CJ) ~ 0 ~ �---~ ATUAH ISSUE XVI SUMMER 1987 f'om time immemorial, aJ the onset of sexual maturity the young peopk would leave the tribe and go out, each one alone, into the world to meet the elements, be tested a11d taught, and find out who they really were. They would make a bond, often expressed in the form of an animal spirit ally, with their homeland that would be a foundation for their adulthood and a continuing source of strength. Thereafter, for all their lives, they would know with a deep and certain awareness that the waves from their every gesture rippled to the farthest reaches of creation and that the power that flowed through them was the force of the all of life. These expeditions into the wild te"ain of the soul were ritualized and became an important part of community life. The community was revitalized and the social bonds were strengthened as the old ones offered their wisdom to the young, and the young ones dedicated their exuberant life energy to the continuance of the tribe and the life ofthe world. In our times, the continuity has been broken. The land is still there • all knowledge lies just outside our doorway, just off the side of the road - and life continues to pulse in the bodies of the young ones coming of age. But that crucial connection in which these were joined is largely missing. Today we must drill into our intelkctual minds the message that was aJ one time a matter of cellular certainty: KATIJAH - page l that we are part of a wider community of life, and we need to take responsibility for our participation in the Earth family. But that urge to seek ourselves in the wild and to touch the wild in ourselves is instinctive and deep, and there are yet those willing to bring the young ones to the threshold of the world, to the edge of their own being, and say, "You must take the next step alone, but I will be here. I will wait for you, and I will be watching." Even without the benefit of the old traditions, these leaders of the coming generation are woking for new forms and new guidance to re-establish the old continuity and reunite the two circles, the circle of the world and the cyc/,e of our lives, and make them once more single and whole. In this issue of KatUah. some of these teachers and guides speak to us ofhow they are bringing young p eople out from civilization to meet the world and some of the lessons that are there lo be learned. In speaking of these things, they offer to us the same challenge that each young person meets when they stand on the brink of adulthood: to open to the world, to kt iJflow through the body into the soul, to feel its power, and by following that power back to its source, to once again come upon the essential nature of our existence and touch our deepest roots. Summer 1987 �H EDITORIAL STAFF nus ISSUE: Snow Bear Scott Bird Julie Gaunt Judith Hallock Rob Messick Mamie Muller Michael Red Fox Chip Smith Brad Stanback Manha Tree David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Sylvia Fox Than.le you again, Kathleen! Special lhanks 10 Bob Wiesclman EDITORIAL OFFICE nus ISSUE: Asheville, NC PRINTED BY: Sylva Herald Publishing Co. Sylva, NC WRITE US AT: Katiiab Box638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 TELEPHONE: (704) 683-1414 COVER: "One must become chaos, ro give binh ro a dancing star....." (Picasso) - by Manha Tree Diversity is an important element of biorcgional ecology, both natural and social. In line with this principle, lWWib cries IO serve as a forum for discussion ol rcgiooal issues. Signed articles express ooly the opinioo or the authors and are n<ll oecessarily the opinions of the KaWab ediLOrS or Stlff. The Internal Revenue Service has declared Klu.Wih a non-profit organization under section 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. A II coniributions IO KA1UWi are deductible from personal income tax. CORRECTION We apologize to Milo Guthrie and to our readers for neglecting to put his name as author of the excellent article ''The Promise of Biosexuality" on page 12 of KruYfil! #15. 'Ult{VOC~TWN lHE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIOREGION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS Statement of Purpose Here in the sowhem-most heanland ofthe Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Tunle Island, a small bw growing group has begun to talce on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. Tlris sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance ofuniversal systems and laws. We begin by invoking the Cherokee name "KatfLah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this area, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is the only way to ensure the sustainability of our biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in itS continuing evolutionary process. We seem ro have reached thefulcrwnpoinrof a "do or dieH sirnarion in terms ofa continued qU111iry standard of life on this planet. lt is the aim ofthis journal ro do itS part in the re-inhabitation and re-culturation ofthe Kamah province of the Somhern Appalachians. This province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to tlte north, the foothills ofthe piedmont area to the east,· Yona Mottntain and the Georgia hills to the sourh; and the Tennessee River Valley 10 the west. Humbly, as self-appointed stewards with sacred instructions as "new natives" to protect and preserve its sacredness, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization and hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this plaa. We are nourished by OUT Mother the Eanhfrom whom all life springs. We must understand OUT dependence, and protect her with our love, respect, and ceremonies. The natural law says that the Eanh belongs ro our children seven generations in the future, and we are the caretakers wJw must understand, respect, and protect E Te No Ha for all life. The faces ofthe future generations are looking up to us from the Eanh, and we step with great care not to disturb OUT grandchildren. from a mes.rage to the Unittd Nations GtMral Assemblyfrom the Navajo-Hopi Traditional Circle ofElders, August, 1982 KATUAH - page 2 We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent inforrnaJion, articles, ariwork, etc. with hopes that Kmflah will grow to serve the best interestS of this region and all its living, breathing family members. - The Editors With the next issue, the K.WAh journal will be changing from a tabloid format to a magazine format. This will mean better quality paper and more durability, as welJ as a two-color cover. We're looking forward to the shift and we hope you will be pleased with it. Coincidentally, this upcoming issue, Autumn '87, will also mark the fourth anniversary since KfilYAh began publishing. Summer 1987 �The Eagle has always represented the soaring spirit..... Of all the birds who fly between Heaven and Earth, the Eagle ascends the highest..... But even the Eagle, born to fly, hatches from the egg into a nest ..... Now, on a bright day in the early summer of his life, the young eaglet crouches on the edge of the nest..... Until this moment, the woven circle of sticks has been the bounds of his world..... Within the nest.food came; all the young bird had to do was wait. Within the nest, it was familiar; if the young bird stayed, mother would always return. Within the nest, it was always safe; all the young bird had to do was not look outside. Now.for the eaglet, hesitating there, the nest is a center point in a much greater circle that extends to the horizon in every direction unknown, dangerous, exciting, and free. The young eagle spreads his wings and leaps into the boundless sky..... To the American Camp Association, Helen Waite is the director of the Eagle's Nest Camp near Brevard, NC, an accredited summer camp for boys and girls that is now entering its sixtieth year ofoperation and its third generation ofcampers. But during the summer months, to the young people attending Eagle's Nest Camp, Helen Waite is "Bending GrassH, medicine woman of the camp tri~. a leader and a ~cher by virtue of the love and respect offered to her. Helen Waite works confuJe111ly and capably on both levels of her life, giving the young people who attend Eagle's Nest an excellenl place in which to explore, grow, and change, and then e111ering with them into that special place and rime to help guide them through their changes. Helen: One of the important clements we utilize in camp is "myth-time". This is an underlying aspect of every camp activity. I see a summer camp experience as being about relationships: relationships between the camp members, relationships between ourselves and the Earth, relationships between our split inner selves, etc. In order to learn from anything or anybody, one must first acknowledge one's inter-relationship with that other. Once this connection is recognized. the relationship can be seen as the bonded space between the two. The speed of learning is the quality of lhat space. Camp is the connection field, and we put our attention into creating quality bonding. "Myth-time" is what makes this possible. It is "the time before time", the beginning of lhings. By being aware of the "myth-time" that always lies beneath the surface of our camp activities and our relationships. we create a circle, a tribal circle, within which our relauonships grow - honest, strong, and deep. We humans arc like gods and goddesses in that we can create prodigious amounts of constructive effort or prodigious amounts of chaos. I think we have to return to "myth-time" to relearn lhe true nature of things and to re-connect the two halves of our soul, before we can undertake "initiation", which is talcing a big step "forward" into the next stage of life. ~: How docs this sense of "myth-time" make itself felt in the course of camp life? Helen: "Myth-time" appears in some situations more clearly than others. All the campers do routine ch.ores as part of the camp flow. They learn to take care of themselves by making their beds and taking care of their cabin areas, but they also take part in camp maintainence, doing dishes, making bread, carrying out the compost, tending the gardens. These are tasks that simply need to be done, but they also build relationships. The campers arc learning to serve and to take care of others, and although they may not realize it, they are going back to beginnings. By baking bread they learn the basic nature of bread - the primary relationships that exist before the plastic wrap goes on. The gardens teach them that the Earth is a patient giver. By caring for the animals, the campers come to know them and learn the relationships between all species. By doing subsistence work, the kids learn basic things about the world with the right side of their minds, even as they are consciously acquiring basic skills with the left side of their minds. The presence of "myth-time" is more easily seen when we do story-dramas in the evenings. We start from old Indian tales, creation stories usually, but as the kids go from there and create their own stories, these dramas begin to present in mythic terms what is happening in the camp at the moment. The kids write their own scripts and make their own costumes. We encourage them to use natural music - drums, flutes, and sometimes guitar - to emphasize the basic relationship with the Earth. Katiiah: One of the main driving forces of the adolescent transformation is the awakening sexual energy. Do you deal with that at the camp? Helen: Very much so. First of all, groups are co-ed. We want to have the boys and girls interacting together. We want to encourage strong, natural relationships. In the greater culture young people usually follow roles that on the one hand deviously try to ensnare someone of the opposite sex, and on the other band domincerin&lv try to ensnare someone of the opposite sex. At camp and on field trips the kids are involved in real situations that often demand courage and physical stamina. When everybody is pitching in on a difficult task or talking openly together in a group circle, the sham tends to fall away, and they deal with each other more as individuals and allow each person to make their own, unique contributions. - continued on page 4 KATUAH - page 3 Summer 1987 �• COlllim.aed fiom NC 3 Relationships arise that arc based on friendliness and arc deep and enduring. We see big changes. The girls in particular become more assertive. Often in a group there is one girl, whom I call the "goddess" or the "queen of beans", who takes an active role in the other girls' lives and relationships.The "queen" takes confessions from the other girls - I'm amazed sometimes about how frank they are! - and negotiates relationships. Sometimes she gives her blessing; other times it's "Off with his head!" We talk about siruations like this in the girls' circle, and I ask them, "Do you like having her decide on your life and decide whom you should like?" Usually they say "No", but if they say "Yes", then it's out in the open, and we set up basic ground rules about bow to carry it on. Another approach is to act out the situation. I sometimes say, "Sarah, you be Betty. Jane, you be Sue. Now what would you say, if she came up and said this: ..... " It's often very educational for the kids to see how the others perceive siruations they're all involved in. There are also times when a boy will do something like go into a girl's trunk and snatch out her underwear, because be thinks that that is a powerful act. But it's actually an act of domination. The girl has bad something that's close to her, something very private and personal, exposed against her will. In a siruation like that, I might take the ones involved apart from the group and talk with them about the different levels and the different meanings of the word "rape", trying to be very frank and open so it can be seen as something manageable and not a dark sin someone will be condemned for. I might express it in terms of old stories of gods abducting goddesses, or I might suggest they act out parts of Troilius and Cressida or another story like that something so that the basic relationships are very clear to them. These arc valuable experiences .....if we confront them. So we always try to confront them when they occur. We spend a remarkable amount of time doing that. Of course we do horseback riding, swimming, and all the regular camp things, but we spend a great deal of ti.me in learning siruations like these. But to be learning experiences, there bas to always be someone there who is aware and understands the implications of the siruation in order to take advantage of it and bring it to a satisfactory resolution. In the evenings when we have our shows or entertainment, the kids will let it all out, and we'll see them really strut their stuff. That's great - that's up front and real, and if a camper does have some attra.ction as an actor/actress or a story-teller, that's quite valid. That's their real self coming out KllWlb: "Initiation" is used to mean peak moments that mark stages in a process of transformation that is acrually gradual and happening continuously. But at certain key points one can stop the action and say, "A change is happening here," by recognizing and celebrating the occasion with a ceremony or ritual. Arc there cenain ways these moments are recogniz.ed in camp life? Helen: The first major initiation is for a camper to leave home. This is "moving into the tribal circle". Our society is so fragmented that this sometimes is a major growth-change for a child and often the most important single event of the camp experience. KATUAH - page4 Every camper receives a camp name. I work with an Indian lore group, which is a "tribe within the tribe". They receive their names in a little ceremony which is held at a small waterfall. Each camper has already chosen their name, and they crawl through the waterfall into a small crevice behind, getting completely wet in the process. They are then called back out by their new name. I start with the campers to whom this is a challenge of medium proportions. This docs not make it seem like a light thing of no consequence, but at the same time it encourages those who are more afraid. Because the situation is a ceremonial one, the lcids all go through with it, even though it may be a big step for some. There is something about ceremony and ritual that brings out the deepest and truest aspects of people. The sense of "myth-time" gives meaning to the situation. There is also an element of sacrifice in the ceremony. That is one reason it is hard for some of the kids to go under the waterfall. Beyond just thinking about getting their clothes wet. there is a part of them that realizes that they have to give something up, that "something" being their old identity, to receive a new name and a new identity. For the older kids, we have a program called Hanre, which is roughly analagous to the "walkabout" or other ancient puberty rites in which the young people went out to seek power and to learn about themselves in the context of the natural elements. But while young people in ancient times who had grown up in the circle of the tribe went off on their own as individuals, our campers go off in a group of kids their own age. Hante challenges their physical abilities, which gives them a feeling of accomplishment; it gets them outside in close touch with nature; and, not least imponantly, it tires them out. They do activities like rock-climbing, whitewater kayaking, making a mountains-to-the-sea bicycle trek, and hiking. The "Odyessy Trek" is an 11-day, 100-mile walk along the Appalachian Trail. Being able to take care of yourself completely is an important part of that stage of life, and the Hante group provides for itself totally: they live in their own area, and they cook all their own meals. That means if they come back late from somewhere, and they decide they want supper, they have to decide to prepare it, too. They also prepare and pack alJ their own food for the "Odyssey" hike. We have two food dryers, which the campers built for themselves, and they dry food and make "pemmican" (which is actually my grandmother's fruitcake recipe with a lot more fruit and nuts added) to take with them on the trail. While they're hiking, each camper carries their own food and equipment for the whole 11 days in a 45 pound pack on their back. The group cooks supper together over a communal fire, but each camper is responsible for their other two meals each day. They have to ration their food for themselves. If they cat it all up before the bike is over, then it's gone. The mountains and the woods have an effect on the kids.The "Odyessy" is a journey back to our first home, the wild places. These mountains are very special. They are powerful teachers, and they will work on anyone who will make the effon to get off into the backcountry. Body movement itself is important Jusr the rhythm of feet on the trail can set up a meditative state that changes the kids' consciousness. On the trail we always have a sunset ceremony each day. We gather and pass a "talking feather" so that each camper - continued on page 28 Summer 1987 �Visions in a Garden A light green voice lihs my eyes from the leaves: the Goddess of Green Things is approaching me. Between okra and squash and tomatoes she comes smiling at the com rows through the green song she hums. She·s the mistress of mustard greens an oracle of onions proctor of pumpkins serenader of squash. She·s the governess of garlic enchanter of eggplants leading the lettuce in a growing symphony. With no written rhythms of the cycles and seasons she sings to tempt the turnips and beguile the green beans. With leafy green lyrics highlighting sunshine and rain she conducts the orchestra of my garden and fertilizes my brain. Tat& Andres �by Snow Bear Conirary to what others may say, the dominant culture has evolved cenain "rites of passage" for young people. Drug, alcohol, or toba.cco abuse; early sexual relations; and the thrill of fast and reckless driving are ways that our youth sometimes signify to themselves and to their parents that they are emerging into adulthood. These things arc glorified by the television, movies, and advertising that control the way children of the dominant culture think. I was initiated by my father into the world of men when I recieved a gun from him at the aic of twelve. This is still an imponant moment for many young men in this area. It is a statement of trust for a father to place a gun, and therefore the power of life or death, into his son's hands. It is a major responsibility to accept a gun, for if it is used carelessly, a human life could be ta.lccn. But hunting is also an excuse for the father and son to go out i.nto the woods together. It was a very meaningful time to me. When one is hunting, one is very quiet and sensitive to the presence of other living things. Of course there is the adrenalin rush of squeezing the ttiggcr and ending a life, but, for me, a large pan of the initiation consisted of being alone with my father, silent in the forest Today, I have come to feel that receiving a gun is not a good token of maturity. Our forests arc small and ovcrhuntcd. Where I live we can nor afford to continue killing the few remaining animals. I strongly believe that today our young people need a siitnificant emcrience i.n1Q. life; we should not place such an emphasis on taking life. Before, when hunting was a way of life among the native people, a successful hunt was a matter of human survival; hunters took the lives of their fellow creatures with a spirit of thankfulness based on revcrancc. Today the gun removes us from panicipation in the life and death of the animals we hunt. When someone shoots down a buck from 100 yards away, they do not have to know the animal as well as if they had to get within bowshot. They arc removed from the pain and terror in the animal's eyes at the time of death. I put down the gun at 14 years of age when I discovered I would rather sec squirrels jumping through the treetops, and the deer grazing peacefully under massive oaks. HELPING TROUBLED TEENS MAKE TIIE PASSAGE Part of my family's work is to reach out with understanding to youth at risk and adjudicated youth. In our Second Home Program we take young people into our family (my wife Khalisa, Jody (14), Leilana (6), Johanna (3), who is handicapped). For two months to a year, they arc part of our life and work. We tutor them in all their school subjects; if they are high school graduates, we do remedial work and indepcndant academic study. They learn agricultural and building skills, receive daily counsel, and extend their physical and emotional limits through wilderness challenge activities - backpacking, KATUAH - page 6 visioN QU£ST being self-centered to thinking of things ouLSide themselves and providing for needs other than their own. Another challenge is to see that whatever task they are given is done well. The kids that come to us often do the minimum expected of them at home or in school and make linle effon at personal achievement. In school, when a student "fails", it is assumed that they cannot do any better. Usually they do not~ to do better. In our one-on-one tutoring, we carefully go over every mistake made, and the work is redone correctly. The result of this has been that in a four hour learning day, kids who were labeled '1earning disabled" passed the achievement level of their peers going to school seven hours a day. We are also, literally, a "second family" to the kids. We live in a family context, and we spend most of our time at home. We grow food and make meals together, clean house and cut firewood together, and serve the people who come to the school group programs, seminars, and summer camp. Teenagers from the city are used to having school, the movies and hangouts be the setting for their lives. In our experience, the kids with the least family life are the most messed up. We give them membership in a family that is physically together. There is a feeling of having an extended family built on a foundation of understanding and acceptance, trust and love. It is something solid to move out into the world from, and a place to return to when things get hard TirE VISION QUEST whitewater canoeing, horseback riding, and primitive camping skills. Most of these young people have come from the urban culture and have been damaged by negative "rites of passage". We try to replace those negative rites with positive qualities that will serve them wherever they choose to live. The first order of business is to introduce them to the real world. Not the "real world" as they thought of it • which was largely concrete and fast action, but the living world that sustains us. Connectedness with the earth is healing to human beings, no matter where they are from or bow they grew up. When a person is surrounded by the beauty of living things and the songs of wind and water, the spirit begins to heal. no matter how wounded it is. I try to bring knowledge of the plants and animals to these young people, because it is easier to feel close to familiar things. Along with this, we present them with personal challenges: responsibilities successfully fulfilled, communicating honestly and openly, showing energy and initiative in all their work. We extend our trust to them unless they have betrayed it by being dishonest with us. Responsibilities successfully fulfilled usually lead to a feeling of confidence and strength. As teenagers become proficient at handling responsibility, we tum over to them more responsibility for their own lives, and with that comes more freedom, which is what they keenly desire. A good beginning is taking care of the horses. Keeping them watered, fed and exercised takes a young person beyond As a single rite of passage, the Vision Quest is the form I most strongly relate to, simply because of what it did for me and the influence it had on my life. My understanding of the Vision Quest is that it is a time of solitude in the wilderness, of fasting and prayer, of self examination; a time of discovering one's beginning gifts (strengths and virtues), and limitations, one's medicine name, and how to be of service to others. Two of the teenagers with us in the Second Home Program chose to go on Vision Quests. One boy tried to do a four-day quest fasting alone in the woods, using only water and sage herb. When he began, be thought it would be an easy thing to accomplish, but he returned after a day and a half in the woods. The fasting had been bard, but the "aloneness" was what had driven him back. He said he had been scared of what I would say, but I told him, "What I think matters very little. The important thing is not to be ashamed. The Vision Quest is a teacher. You thought it would be easy to be with yourself alone, and you found that it was not so. You learned something about yourself, and therefore the experience was not a failure." The other person to attempt the Vision Quest was a woman 20 years old. She had stayed with us when sh.e was 15, and had been visiting us regularly ever since, so she was truly "family" to us. She completed her vision quest, in the course of it facing up to some difficult things about herself, and came through in a very strong way. Nowadays few people pass directly Summer 1987 �into adulthood from pubeny. I know that was true for myself. My body was mature quite awhile before I was, and I am still not finished! I have had six people ask me to help with their Vision QuesL Most of them were in their twenties or thinies before they began even asking the 4uestions that led them to make the passage. In the old days when a girl reached the age of 13 or 14 it was time to begin raising a family, and she had to be ready for it. Now there are people in their fonies looking for answers and feeling that they have missed something. Whenever these people ask me, I tell them that they have not missed out, that this change does not come at a set time for everyone, and that it is never LOO late to go through the transition. Those people who come to me asking my help with their Vision Quest, come because they k:now me, and they know the effect my Vision Quest had on my life. The first thing I tell them is that there are other people who can help them better than I could. Then, if they persist, I warn them that, because we are not the Old People, what worked for them in one way may not work for us in the same way. I warn them not to expect dramatic, thunderous visions. Then, if they still want the experience, I make sure that they themselves choose the conditions of their quest. There are two main possibilities. One is a quest for a personal vision to gain better self-understanding and a purpose in life and to find a beginning place on the world medicine wheel. This is best helped by fasting, personal prayer, song, and selfcxamination. The other possibility is to fast for the benefit of all living beings. In this fast I encourage people to make a medicine wheel and walk, first LO the east where they make a song or prayer, then back to the center, and then to the south, where they make a song or prayer, continuing in this way around the medicine wheel for the whole day, or as long as their strength holds out. Several people have mixed the two ways, doing the first for two days. and then the second for two days more. PREPARING FOR THE JOURNEY We prepare for the Vision Quest first by exploring the person's purpose in choosing to do the quest, agreeing to the conditions of it (how long, in what place) and passing on any necessary instructions, such as how to build a medicine wheel or how to bless the Vision Quest site. Then we go to the sweat lodge together with a few carefully chosen friends to help us. In the lodge we sing and pray to strengthen and purify ourselves for the healing work ahead. After the sweat lodge, we fill the prayer pipe in a sacred manner. If the person has their own, we fill it, seal it, and that person holds that pipe every waking moment of their quest. My prayer pipe is filled and scaled, and every sunset during the Vision Quest I hold it to make prayer and song to send my power to them. Also at sunset I leave water and sage for them at a place near the site of their Vision Quest At the end of their time I meet them, carrying my prayer pipe. We do not say anything until we have smoked in silence, then the person relates what has happened during the time of the Vision Quest. Of panicular importance to me is to KA TUAH - page 7 know what living things visited them in the course of their fast and what they thought and felt in the presence of these beings. Even the smallest messengers of the spirit arc imponant., and often they have very strong powers. I tell people, "Until you can receive a fly or an ant as one of your relations, you won't be able to receive the eagle or bear." One woman was visited by a spider that dangled just in front of her eyes. She watched it for hours as it went about its work. They became sisters and she learned much. drumming of the woodpecker echoing always there with the trees - yakking laughing i don't know where a feeling ifollow i am the forest around me the activity i am the creek the mus the violets and the bees i am the branches spreading into the sky the sun in your eyes which vanishes suddenly the clouds birds come around a rabbit Only after we talk of these things do the people tell me about their dreams. Even on a Vision Quest, most people's dreams that I have heard have been quite ordinary. I am not a spiritual dream interpreter, but I do give my thoughts and observations as a fellow human being. Dreams arc valuable because they arc often the battleground where peop.lc contend with the fears, doubts, and things they do not like about themselves. In consenting to aid people in their Vision Quests, I am not trying to set myself up as a teacher. I do this with people whom I feel arc my. brothers or sisters. I do this first as a friend. Today many people cannot find elders who know the way of the Vision Quest to aid them. Lacking thi.s , I consider that for them to have this experience with the help of a friend is better than not to have it at all. Everyone I know who has taken a Vision Quest has returned from it strcnghthcned, humbled, and deeply moved. On the Vision Quest we come to know ourselves and our world in a way words cannot express. they don't mind the rain somethingfallsfrom a tree and lands with a thud stay here long enough and you will know there are no secrets i can't describe whaJ i understand the entire meaning seems to be almost here coming from everywhere a/la/once i can't even see guided by the wind whispering in my ear - Patrick Clark Snow Bear has bun co·dirtctor of Farm Camp with hU wife Kh.alisafor niM years. lie is a naturalist, htrbologist. and / follower tf native Earth ways. Pep~rland Medicine s.h.i~ld by Snow Beu Photo by Rob Mcuick Summer 1987 �.. an experience that was hidden for them ...and where they can pass onto her, my daughter, in an atmosphere of empowerment, something that they will in a sense be giving to themselves that they have learned in their own time. I love any and all ceremonies. Do you have any specifics as to how or where you'd li ke to shar e this ceremony with your daughter? W h o would you invite? Where will you hold your ceremony ? Bonnie: When the event occurs, my daughter has requested that she would like to go out with the family for a special dinner at her favorite restaurant. We have quite a few younger daughtefll also and I think it would be beneficial to them co be a part of this celebration and to understand that this is a "big" day --their sister's special day. My daughter and I would then create within the following few days a ceremony for her and some women friends, mutual friends, and we would come together in our teepee. How do you feel about this? Hannah: A little strange... Bonnie: What is strange? Do you think this ceremony will help you to feel less strange? Hannah: Probably Do you feel this way because you know tha t other girls your age do not have this type olf ceremony? first flow We are here today 10 ta.l k about something very special Hannah: Yes Do you want to gather together with other girls your age? 10 a Hannah: No, grownups, but not girls in my class. Bonnie: Would you like to share with us an impression that you woman --her initiation into womanhood. Two friends are here got from the Amazon lndians? with me .. .Bonnie Freed, mother and her daughter Hannah, 12 years old. We've come here to discuss the celebration for this daughter's soon-to-come puberty. Julie Gaunt , interviewing for .Katu.ah Hannah: Yes, I watched this movie called Emerald Forest about this boy who got lost in the Amazon and these Indians kidnapped him and he grew up with them in their tribe and when he got old enough, they put ants all over him and this made him change into a man. Bonnie: That was the symbol of his passing into adulthood. What is it that has inspired you to want to celebr ate your stepdaughter's coming into womanhood? Would you like to go through that? Bonnie: I read a wonderful article in Mothering magazine about a community in California that celebrates the coming of age of the young men and women in their community, boys when they tum 13 and girls when they experience their first menses. It just really inspired me because I feel that whenever we put out or put in front of us an intention, it draws to itself 'like energy'. ln other words, if we choose to celebrate a certain time or coming of age and we do it with an energy, we draw in real positive energy and we give it emphasis. ln a loving and powerful way, my daughter will gain some of that strength in her experience. I believe that it is important, in whatever way we can, to acknowledge and reconnect ourselves to the rhythms of our bodies and also our Earth. These acknowledgements are powerful for us as human beings. There is a rhythm to our lives, our bodies, and to our planet . As a culture we have become very disconnected from these rhythms. So it is very helpful for us to create our own ceremonies from our own instinctive beingness and to empower each other to enact them. I felt very attracted to this particular ceremony as it is presenting itself in my life--having a daughter who is coming along very much into puberty. I feel this could be beneficial to all of us. I want to say though that we do not have to follow any certain ceremony. although we can draw from other ceremonies and learn from them. We should go ahead and create out of our hearts, our love, and our own instincts, ceremonies for passages so that all of us feel connected to our deep inner rhythms. I can re-affirm my own feminine wisdom, my own ageless womanhood, and bring my daughter this celebration that will create a groove..or a flow .. where her life can have a direction... where other women will also come together and affirm for themselves an experience that was difficult for them, or KATUAH - page 8 Hannah: No. (laughter) Bonnie: l think it's important to acknowledge that it is a bodily symbol of passage into adulthood. Hannah: It's scarey! Bonnie: Why do you feel it's scarey? Hannah: I don't know. Bonnie: Do you feel it will be less scarey if you share with other women about how they felt and what becoming a woman meant to them? Hannah: Yes. What 's often scarey is the unknown. We a r e talking abou t somethin g that you h ave not yet e:rcperi enced. This is something you've never been through, so it's na tural for you to be scar ed. Bonnie: So many adolescents don't have an acknowledgement of their passage and so they use other ways to try to establish it, like rebellion and pushing the parents away. Nothing they do seems right to them and they drive too fast, do drugs or whatever they can. If we as parents take that opportunity to acknowledge this passage, perhaps it will free them from these confusing times where they are trying to prove they are adults--if we allow them to become adults. Resources: "Self.(jenerated Ceremonies", Foster, S. & Little, M. in Molherlng. Winter 1986. The article is excerpted from an upcoming book by Foster & Little entitled Crossjng !be Threshold; Contrnrnvrarv 7 Rites of Passage and lnjtjation at SjgniCicant Stages oC !.jCe. Also Earth Wisdom, Dolores LaChapelle. Summer 1987 �THOUGHTS ON INITIATION In connection with the topic of initiations, I have been having thoughts, particularly in relation to young people coming of age, and, I agree, it's vital work. In the past year I've spent a lot of time growing toward an understanding of what's lacking for teenage kids these days and how to provide opportunities for them to find and follow their own visions in a positive cultural context. Today's adolescents are the Pluto conjunct Uranus generation born into the nuclear/mass media age of insanity and deep global transformation.• They need to develop the inner resources necessary to cope with the unbelievable stress built into our social environment. They don't need more information. They don't need dogma in any form. They need iniuanon mto their own private, collective mysteries. There's a fierceness of spirit in kids these days that demands to be grounded in timeless reality to enable them to find strength, compassion, and clarity within, while chaos and change rage unchecked about them. What is initiation? ft is a self- or group-induced experience that frees one to encoun1er one's highest self, one's deepest truth, and one's most expansive vision of reality. What are the functions of such an experience? To provide opportunities for people to find and trLtSt their own myths to live by and to aid them in all life transitions by leading them 10 their own connection with rhe Great Mystery. . l~IJI And ritual? Ufe is a ritual, wherein we learn to bring feelings and ideas into physical reality and to enjoy the process. Along the way, we are all constantly being initiatied into greater awareness and responsibilicy by every instant's dreams. Occasionally we take the time to recognize the miracle of the moment and to honor it: ritual. We need more of those moments of recognition and remembering. We need to do it for ourselves and for each other, and a group ricual provides a structure and context in which it can happen. It is exciting and comforting to be with others who are also daring to get back to their essential selves. It confirms the power, beauty, and reality of the experience we are all sharing. Someday I wish to do initiation rituals with young adolescents. I would ger them our into nature, let them go wild, and then bring all that energy back to Earth in grounded group mediui.tions. I would teach them how to focus all that fine cellular energy in healing ways by channeling it through their hearts. I would give them time, space, and encouragement to find their own deep connections with both the Eanh and the Stars. We would explore and share our discoveries through artwork, poetry, music, and dance. The initiation would be into our infinitely creative selves and into the healing power of love. Rituals would grow out of each person's dreams and awakenings, deaths and creations. The ri1uals would be each person's narratives of reality as experienced both inwardly and outwardly and would serve as bridges between the two. Thank you for existing Maggie Schneider ARCHETYPES OF MALE INITIATION by Rob Messick The first initiation of a human being into the world occurs at binh. At this sacred time an infant instinctively needs to bond with parents. As with other primates, this bond is made through touch and is crucial to the healthy and associative development of an individual throughout his or her life. Due to the large skull and brain size of our species, we are born somewhat prematurely, so that we can pass through the pelvis. The infant is helpless for many months after birth and must have support from parents or other adults for the survival not only of the body, but also for the transmission of human culture through language and other customs. Likewise in human evolution, puberty has also become premacure to the begetting of an adult into responsible life in a community. We can reproduce before our highly structured societies can accommodate the effect of this urge. Near puberty we need a bond slightly different from that required at childbirth. We seek relationships with other adults in the community and with peers of both the SlL!lC and the opposite sex. There are three basic themes in initiation rites of a youth into adulthood: sepfJation from parents and siblings; transformation of roles and attitudes; and integration into the village or community through apprenticeship. The main purpose of initiation practices for young men is to start them on paths into the community, away from the influence of their immediate families, yet still being in proximity to them. Many cultures of the past, and some today, recognize this coming of age time as basic to the health and longevity of a people. The industrial era, or "civilii.ation" in general, has created an environment where these essential bonds are easily jeopardized. It is deprivation at 1hese important junctures that can lead to isolation or disinterest in the cohesive contacts human beings need. Adolescence is basically a result of our descent into "civilization" and the hyper-industrialiw:I era which has created a kind of extended dependency. This period starts after puberty and can last into a young person's twenties. Through schools, jails, factories, and military posts we have institutionalized the spontaneity out of a boy's rite of passage until it hardly exists any longer. Instead of a sudden initiation near puberty, the process is dragged out over many years, which sets up obstacles that can block an individual's ability to integrate into a meaningful role within a community. It is doubtful that we will ever be able to give up adolescence and fully initiate young men into adult roles a1 puberty. There is much to be absorbed of what humans have learned about Universe and our place in it. Yet the initiation process must be started at or near the time of puberty t0 avoid confusion. Some cultural event needs to happen, so that a boy knows that be is accepted and that the other members of the - continued on page 10 KATUAH - page 9 Summer 1987 �"Initiation is a critical time in which the direction is set for the next generation of humanity." • :..:- .J.' J1.t;.' ... ~ - -- ---- ._..!_;i.}..:... lllusintion from a painting by Greg Smith ARCHETYPES OF MALE INITIATION corthJed flan precedlrG page community are ready for him to change. It can be done through tests or trials of strength or endurance, or through vision quests in times of fasting and searching. Initiation is a critical time in which the direction is set for the next generation of humanity. Adults in a village or community need to give great attention to young people going through these changes because the time of cultural bonding can pass swiftly, and for a youth the complexity of finding worth in the world is already frustrating. In these times of great emotional intensity, neglect is the root of misery for individuals and societies. The effects may be delayed for a time, but the response, assistance or abuse, that is offered to a human being in time of need shows the true health or illness of a society. If we mishandle these responsibilities, we cause suffering. For the initiation process to fully flower, a boy must find a role model or set of role models with which he can readily identify. The archetypes, or pre-existing forms., that manifest in these role models are basically those of the Warrior and the Husbandman. Throughout all human systems these complementary aspects exist An individual becomes a miniature of the whole human experience, re.fleeting into and being reflected by all that is good and all that is bad in it. Each person has the capacity to give life and to take life as well. We live out the full circle of our decision to die with peace or with killing. Either path requires great courage. The Warrior is partially represented in the range of de.~b1.lctive role models offered by the present dominant western culture. Militarism is the primary culprit in this psychological tragedy, not only in terms of wars fought among nations, but also in communities, the family, and especially within a man's soul. Militarism seeks to break the spirit and split the heart and mind of an individual and then call these powers back in the allegiance of a state or cause. This is done by manipulation through fear and rupturing or perverting lhe ties with family, peers, and community. There is a false discipline in this alienation from deep human bonds, which ultimately denies a sustentative initiation into life. Militarism also perpetuates the myth that the only evil enemy is somewhere outside the self, neglecting the necessary struggle to conquer the enemy within. A real initiation should clearly teach that the potential for doing wrong exists in everyone, but that the power of choice exists also. It is only through self-examination that the faults of our species can be clearly identified and transformed. KATUAH- page 10 The personae that arise from a long-standing tradition of militarism become deceptively enticing, and appear to offer roles that are important and economically worthwhile to those on the verge of initiation. These destructive male role models ultimately weaken and often tear apart the social fabric of human beings and the sacred web of life on this planet. There is a need for strong, alternative male example in this society. The archetype of Husbandman offers a vital option. The practice of Husbandry is defined as male caretaking, not only in helping to raise a family but also in tenns of growing food, caring for other species, and being a contributing member in a community. This involves a deep and spontaneous motion away from the trodden paths of destructive male energies toward those that plant good seed and provide a place for them to grow. Also "Sensitivity and the ability to love and be compassionate are essential to human survival, as are the qualities of being determined and forceful." involved in this creative process is the wisdom that recognizes the generations to come. Planting for the future joins the human path with other life in such a way that humans become a kind of permaculture, adapting and innovating within a bioregion as an interconnected yet distinct structure. The Husbandman attempts to integrate and heal within the human community. This does not mean that men should become effeminate and passive. It means that the strength of male energy can be expressed through beneficial roles within a community. It is important for a male to be in balance with the female part of his soul. Sensitivity and the ability to love and be compassionate are essential to human survival, as are the qualities of being determined and forceful The love within the heart of our species can flourish when we respect our connectedness. Initiation is a call to face the Wanior and the Husbandman. This initiation rite should exist to allow a boy to listen to his inner voice, with guidance and wisdom from elders, to determine what path he must take. Initiation for a male is successful when it evokes conscience even in the midst of fear; when it shows that both archetypes exist within him. Summer 1987 �Katuah Spring Gathering KATIJAH - page 11 Summer 1987 '( .,'.Lq • 111\U l IVI �ADVENTURES IN THE REAL WORLD: LEARNING IN THE WILDERNESS SLICKROCK EXPEDmONS and so perhaps our adolescent rites of passage should be less specific and less strucrured than in a deeply-rooted society. On the trips I lead, our goal is to learn about ourselves. I keep the groups small. There are five boys or three father-and-son pairs in each trip. The fathers and sons take a siit-day trip, and the boys take an eight-day trip, of which five are spent hiking and three in canoes. I supply the people taking part with everything except their clothes. The Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness Area is an ideal place for our exploration because it is high, rugged country and contains one of the largest remaining stands of old-growth forest in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. This is a portion of the Appalachians that remains unaltered, and with Lake Cheoah to the north for canoeing, I feel that this area offers a deep experience of the basic elements of the natural world. On the trips I emphasize survival skills blended with experiences of naturt!. I want the kids to learn how to make a camp, how to cook, and how to clean the site so that there is no trace of camp remaining. At the same time, I want them to learn to identify plants and animals and to know which plants are useful to the camper. complete the trip. After two or three days it is as easy to continue up the mountain as it is to go down, and each boy wants to keep up with the others. When we SW1 out, the boys have a hard time concentrating on any one thing. They are noisy, and their minds are going in 20 different directions at once. But when they get out in the deep woods among the mountains, there is a sobering effect. When we are camping out on Stratton Bald, for instance, which is a 5,000 foot high grassy bald, there are miles of unbroken forest all around us, and it gives a sense of the enduring strength of these Southern Appalachian Mountains. It is humbling to be up there on your own resources, so far away that the nearest town is just a small glow on the horizon and overhead is all of the immense, dark sky. lt makes one feel not quite so gigantic in the world, but more a part of the world. I would also like the boys to gain a sense of the world in and of itself. I hope that more than once on every trip each boy has an opportunity to forget aU about himself in contemplating some aspec1 of nature, whether it is a butterfly, a tiny flower, or something as awesome and frightening as being on top of a mountain and seeing a thunderstorm come in at eye level. by Bun Kornegay Burr Kornegay is an experienced wilderness guide, having led trips since 1971 when he started taking people into the Adirondack Mountains of New York Stace. Now he takes groups of boys 11-16 years ofage and f ather-a11d-son groups to explore rile Slickrock Wilderness Area in Graham County, NC. We visited and talked wirh Bun, and he told us how he brings boys to and through a particular rite of passage. This initiation helps the young adolescents to discover and work with a new, mature perspective. There is nolhing that one could call an "ideal initiation" as such. An initiation implies a very definite idea of the status that a person is being initiated into. There are some very elaborate and enduring initiation rites among tribal groups. The ceremony for boys who are passing into manhood in the Masai tribe of Kenya is an elaborate ritual that lasts several days. The Masai have, in the course of a long, unbroken tradition, come to a very clear idea of what a man is, and their initiation prepares the boys for that. Perhaps for them that is an ideal initiation, because it makes everything very definite. The boys know exactly what they are heading for, and are led there by a carefully defined procedure. The way our society is, I do not believe we can have that sort of thing. And perhaps it is not so desireable anymore to know so clearly what a man or a woman is, KATUAH- page 12 "Any kind of rite of passage slwuld be a challenge to the young people involved. It should test them to what they believe is their utmost to utilize both their mental and physical endurance and to draw out of them qualities that they did not know they had." At the end of the trip the boys will know a way of camping that works. The next time they go out, they can add their own ideas and do things their own way, but they always have the basic knowledge that they can live well in lhe wild. Any kind of rite of passage should be a challenge to the young people involved. It should test them to what they believe is their utmost to utilize both their mental and physical endurance and to draw out of them qualities that they did not know they had. While hiking, I have had boys say that they were going to literally die right at that moment at that very spot on the trail, but I have never yet had a boy who did not Summer 1987 �"It is humbling to be up there on your own resources, so far away that the nearest town is just a small glow on the horizon and overhead is all of the immense, dark sky. It makes one feel not quite so gigantic in the world, but more a part of the world." I want them to sense the age of these mountains. That is another aspect of learning their place in this world: to remember how long these ridges have been here. Another thing I hope to bring to the boys is some degree of organization and self-discipline. This is an important aspect of attaining adulthood, because another name for a teenage boy is "disorganization". Camping is literally an exercise in getting one's life together for a time. Trips demand a lot of attention to details, or else a boy might find himself unable to locate that poncho or that flashlight at a time when he needs it. When we are on the expeditions we do everything as a group. The boys do not carry their own rations or cook their own meals.We rotate duties, and the meals are packed so that in one package is everything for a complete meal for the whole group. I run a tight ship when we are in the woods. I do not allow the boys to run off this way and that, because that is taking a chance that they would get bun or get lost. The boys soon realize that they are going to have to work and play together to be both safe and comfortable in the woods. When I am leading these groups of boys I have to remember that I'm offering myself as an example to them. When I was young and in Scouts, I remember how I looked up to my Scout leaders. It's a natural thing. This is an imponant influence for a young person's behavior. Out in the woods I try to set an example of an "outdoorsman" in the fullest and best sense of the word: one who is not only a skilled camper, but someone who sees nature as more than just something to exploit KATUAH - page 13 I have to be a teacher, a guide, and a counselor, but sometimes I like to just be one of the boys. I like to swim and play "king of the mountain". I like to have fun too. J have had boys who were considered "problem cases". One boy who came the first summer had been diagnosed as hyperactive and was on two or three different types of medications. He had been in a lot of trouble at school, and the psychiatrist who was working with him advised me to not accept him on the ttip. He was an active fellow. It was hard to wear him out, but there was not a mean bone in his body. That first year, I saw he took his medicine every day, but he was still as hyperactive as any boy could be. It appeared that the medicine was having no effect at all He came out again the next summer, bringing all his medicines with him, but I did not remind him about it, and he did not take his medicine the whofo time we were out. He was so much better! Calmer, mvre responsible, much more pleasant to be around. I told his grandfather about this when he came to pick the boy up. The boy's mother later told me on the telephone that he bad not been on any medication at all since that trip. That was a kind of initiation weaning from Ritalin! Many of today's outdoor recreation activities reflect a desire to conquer or dominate the world, a trait that runs deep within our culture. The world does naturally present us with obstacles, and surmounting these obstacles as they confront us is very imponant to our development. But on my expeditions I downplay external thrills. There is a lot of challenge and adventure in living outside and exploring rugged, wild country. If someone goes out with the purpose of dominating or overcoming nature, they are using it to build up their own ego. There is a big difference between that and going out to humbly learn about oneself. For mQre information on Slickrock Expeditions, wntact: Burt Kornegay P.O. Box 1129 Cullowhee, NC 28723 -recorded by Stephaen De/or, Didier Cuzange, and David Whttkr Summer 1987 �more ADVENTURES IN THE REAL WORLD WOLFCREEK Wll.DERNESS SCHOOL by Curry Morris Wolfcreek Wilderness School in Blairsville, GA has been offering programs for teenagers for 15 years. The school recognizes the natural environment as the ideal locale for self-realization and offers a variety of outdoor courses to promote self-reliance and personal growth. The school also has mountain heritage programs that teach aspects of the land-based cultures of the Cherokee Indians and the early white setllers. "I'd like to leave you with a little thought I've been thinking about ..... it's about finding the "rhythm of life" .... .'The Rhythm oflife" is like truly good music: if you have to ask what it is, you'll never know. You and the people at Wolfcreek showed me how to find my "rhythm of life". Thank you." - C (Sclwol course) One of the school's most specialized offerings is a 26-day outdoor exploration program for teenage boys in trouble with the law. For many of the boys the program is a last alternative to long jail sentences. The program is not specifically therapeutic or rehabilitory, but is based on the premise that challenging experiences in contact with the world of nature can put a boy in touch with deeper and truer inner resources untapped in life on the urban streets, that can serve as the foundation for a new awareness of self and can lead to a new relationship to society. During the summer one- to three-week courses are open to individual youths of all ages. Wolfcreek Wilderness School Rt. I, Box II90 Blairsville, GA 30512 KATUAH- page 14 OU1WARDBOUND by Doug Silsbee Outward Bound was conceived when a British shipping magnate observed that, in several instances when his ships were torpedoed in the North Sea, it was often the older, more seasoned sailors who survived in the lifeboats, while younger, physically stronger seamen perished. Outward Bound founder Kurt Hahn began the program as an experimental approach to train younger seamen - not in survival skills per se, but in fully utilizing their own tenacity and inner resources in difficult circumstances. The program was continued in British private schools as a training course for adolescents. Hahn's vision was to strengthen society by improving the individual's self-concept, sense of responsibility to others, and awareness of Lhe potential to achieve seemingly impossible goals. There are now 30 Outward Bound schools in the world, one of which is located on Table Rock Mountain, NC. The North Carolina Outward Bound School runs wilderness-based courses in a number of places in Katiiah, from Linville Gorge and Grandfather Mountain to Standing Indian and the Chatooga River. The goal of the school is to create powerful emotional and spiritual experiences for the 2,000 students that take part each year. The programs offered by the organization are personal growth and values oriented, and wilderness is an important component of the training experience. Participants, many of whom have never slept outside in their iives, spend from 4 to 23 days outside with a group of 10 to 12 other students and two instructors. Courses take place in the wilderness because of its inherent spiritual value, and because it is a new and unfamiliar environment for most of the participants, and it is a much less complex emotional environment than civilized society in which to learn about oneself. fears: of falling, of not looking good in front of their peers, of being alone, of failing. By dealing with the external challenge of the activities, and the internal challenge of their own fears and perceived limitations, participants come to better know themselves. Other activities focus much more on the group, and impel group members to come to terms with conflict, to look hard at their own decision-making processes, and to find new and more effective ways to work together towards a common goal Outward Bound experiences are different from most initiation rites in that they do not occur at a set time in a person's life, and are (usually) not proscribed by someone else as a prerequisite for coming of age. There are special c-0urses offered for educators, adult women, people over age 55, corporate executives, alcoholics, and cancer patients, but a majority of Outward Bound participants are adolescents, and for these the course provides a powerful and meaningful "initiation rite" into adulthood. NC OurwardBound School 121 N. Sterling St. Morganton, NC 28679 ,y/1 p Course activities are designed to place people under a manageable, yet significant, degree of stress. Rock-climbing, a specially designed ropes course, whitewater canoeing, hiking. solitary time in the forest, and runs on mountain roads and trails are new and challenging experiences for most of the participants. Many of the activities require inctividuals to confront their own Summer 1987 �adventure, education about the tribe's cultural heritage, and community service. In 1979 Gil Jackson, head of the Family Services office on the Cherokee Indian Reservation, and Earl Davis, a former Peace Corps worker, began the Cherokee Challenge program in response to problems they saw among the youth of the Eastern Band of the Cherokees. "Most of the kids felt poorly about themselves," said Davis, "and that feeling arose specifically because they didn't feel good about being Indians. Any time they saw Indians portrayed, it was in a negative way - the image they had was that Indians were at best poor and slovenly and at worst public drunks. "Cherokee Challenge was begun initially because the kids needed to know that there was a lot in their Indian heritage that they could be proud of. We want the young people to feel good ~of who they are, not in~ of who they arc. "That was in 1979. Now the organization's concept has broadened somewhat, because we have found that when the kids think better of themselves, they do better in school, they're more fun to be around, and, in general, they're bener, healthier people." The Challenge groups from each township on the reservation and in Robbinsville are organhed into gru ups called"clans", after the fu~cient Cherokee clan system. Participants arc 11-14 years of age and mostly boys. One clan has a mixed membership of boys and girls. The others meet separately. Cherokee Challenge activities stress KATIJAH - page 15 All aspects of the Challenge program are group oriented, and the canoeing, rock-climbing, hiking, and caving eitpeditions, said Davis, "help the group members to learn about themselves and about each other. The trips get the kids outdoors, where they learn new skills and learn how to get along with others." On one caving expedition the group went to cast Tennessee near Craighead Caverns (now the tourist attraction Lost Sea Caverns), which archeological excavations have revealed was formerly used for council meetings or ceremonies by the native inhabitants. 'The group went into large caves near there," Davis related, "so they could experience the wonder of the caves and feel the annospherc their ancestors felt 200 years ago when they gathered there for an initiation or a meeting." Service work - picking up trash, splitting wood for the elderly, visiting at the old people's home, to name a few of the activities - helps the children in getting along with the community and points them toward worthwhile ways to fit in. "It shows them that they, too, have a role in the life of the community," said Davis. As a part of reclaiming pride in their native heritage, the children have been doing sweat lodge ceremonies under the tutelage of Nora Montelongo and her son, who is a pipe-carrier for the Cherokee nation. The sweat lodge is a sacred rite of bodily and spiritual purification that in fonncr times was practiced before any important mission was undertaken. In the lodge the children learn chants and songs in the Cherokee language, which otherwise is not widely spoken among the young people on the reservation. In speaking of the ceremony, Davis said that the young people are expected to approach it seriously and that "they are taught that the sweat lodge is a valid way to communicate with God, the Great Spirit, the Life Force, or whatever we want to call that part of ourselves." The Cherokee language has proven a stumbling block, however, in the cuhural preservation project "Fading Voices", which is an interview program fun ded by a foundation grant in which young people from Cherokee Challenge were to go among elders of the tribe to record their stories, reminiscences, and details of the way tribal life used to be. "We haven't been able to get as much participation by the kids as we had at first hoped," explained Davis, "because the old people are more comfortable speaking in Cherokee. It is their native tongue, and they can express themselves beuer in their native language. Since so few of the kids know Cherokee, many times they got left out of the conversation. "Since we have been under some pressure to produce materials in order to comply with the conditions of the grant, much of the work has necessarily been taken over by adults familiar with the language. However, I hope that later on we can turn the kids loose with tape recorders to get interviews in the way they want to. This oral history program is extremely valuable - any time one of those old people passes away, something irreplaceable is lost - but it would also be valuable for the kids to have the experience of communicating with the ciders, even if we don't get a foot of tape from it." "We want the young people to feel good because of who they are, not in spite of who they are." Material from the "Fading Voices" interviews will be printed in a special issue of the Journal of Cherokee Studies published by the Cherokee Historical Museum. Working on a shoestring budget and relying largely on volunteer help from the community, Cherokee Challenge has made strong beginnings in the formidable job of picking up the broken threads of Cherokee tribal tradition and reweaving them into a meaningful community life for the youth of the tribe today. / Cherokee Challenge P.O. Box507 Cherokee,NC 28719 Cheroue Challenge is a Mn·fJl'ofil organization. Summer 1987 �NATURAL WORLD NEWS THE BUTTERNUT IS DYING by Clyde Osborne The white walnut, another of America's great nut and timber trees, seems headed for extinction, says Bob Anderson, a plant pathologist at the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station near Asheville, NC. Better known as the butternut tree, this walnut species has been hit by a fungus disease known as the butternut canker. "And no one is doing.anything about it," Anderson said as he pointed out tree after tree in the Bent Creek drainage basin being devastated by the disease. "There's not a single scientist in the nation trying to find a solution to this problem. A pathologist at the University of Wisconsin worked on it for 10 years, but he retired three years ago, and no one has taken up his work," Anderson said. The disease was first found in 1967 and has spread rapidly. In 1966 a survey in North Carolina and Virginia found 7 .5 million butternut trees in the two states. A new survey which has just been finished found that there are only 2.5 million left, and almost all of them are diseased. Cankers spread around branches and trunks, eventually killing the infected trees, although each canker lasts for only one year and then heals over. Eventually the trees are girdled by canker after canker in the bark and the cambium "right down to the wood", according to Anderson. The chestnut tree, decimated by a blight disease, has continued to live because it continually sprouts from the roots left in the soil. But the butternut doesn't send up sprouts from the roots. And sadder yet is the fact that the nuts of diseased butternut trees are not viable. The disease puts the trees under extreme stress. The nuts produced are useless for propagation. "So unless some answers are found by someone, it looks like the tree is a goner," said Anderson. A pathologist in Virginia told Anderson that he had found a few butternuts which seem to have some resistance to the disease. If these resistant trees could be propagated, he said, they might be used to restock forests where butternuts have been eliminated or are being killed. The butternut tree is basically a northeastern American tree. Like many other northeastern species, it grows in the Appalachian mountains, but is uncommon in other parts of North Carolina. KATUAH-page 16 Butternut has been used for furniture, cabinets, fine woodwork, and panelling. Its wood is lighter than that of black walnut. But it has been an economically valuable tree just like its cousin over the years, although it has never been as prevalent . The black walnut seems to be resistant to the butternut canker, Anderson said, "although you can infect the tree manually by intrOducing the fungus into it" And occasionally, black walnut saplings, if under stress, will show signs of the disease. Still the disease does not seem to be a threat to the black walnut. Reprinted from the Asheville Ci1ill.l1 by permission. THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT Nawral World News Seivice The American Chestnut was the: most generous tree in the forest., giving nutritious nuts for humans, livestock, and wildlife. The wood was lightweight, rot resistant, and had a beautiful grain. The bark was an excellent source of tannin. The native chestnuts grew 30% faster than oaks, and even surpassed the rate of growth of Tulip Poplar. A mature American Chestnut tree could be over 100 feet tall and have a diameter of 10 feet or more. And furthermore, the chestnut composed 25% of the Appalachian forest trees, growing everywhere from deep rich coves to dry acid ridges. The American Chestnut is now extinct within its native range, except for the shrubby sprouts that grow from the old root systems. It is the victim of a fungus disease called "the blight" that was accidentally imported on some Chinese Chestnut trees around the turn of the century. The blight kills the trees by forming a canker just underneath the bark, which spreads until it eventually girdles the tree. The Cninese trees evolved with the blight for thousands of years, and are resistant to it, but the American Chestnut had no resistance. The root systems of the trees survive and continue to send up new sprouts, but the blight usually kills these before they grow large enough to produce nuts. Because of the American Chestnut's generosity and dominance of the eastern forests, its demise is considered the greatest biological disaster in recorded history. There have been many disappointing attempts to bring the trees back, but it seems that the time has finally come for a breakthrough in blight-resistant American Chestnut trees. The Chinese Chestnut is blight-resistant and produces large nuts, but it is a cultivated orchard tree and could not survive or reproduce in a wild forest ecosystem. The American Chestnut Foundation is undertaking a "backcross" breeding program that will result in a tree with the blight resistance of the Chinese Chestnut and the forest-type timber growth of the American Chestnut. The initial step in the backcross breeding program is to cross a Chinese with an American chestnut. This bas been done before, but the offspring usually resemble the Chinese parent in their growth pattern and only about half of them are able to resist the blighL With backcross breeding, the blight-resistant half of the Chinese X American offspring are crossed with a pure American Chestnut. Approximately half of the hybrid offspring of this cross are blight-resistant, but since they are 3/4 American Chestnut, they will exhibit more of a forest-type growth pattern. Working with only the blight-resistant half of each generation, the backcross step is repeated to bring in more and more of the American Chestnut growth pattern while retaining the blight resistance acquired from the original cross with the Chinese parent. If the American Chestnut Foundation can get the financial support it needs to continue the backcross program for 20 years, we should have a blight resistant chestnut tree that is almost identical to the native American Chestnut. (Then we'll have to get out our hoedads and stan planting chestnut trees on those Farce Service clearcuts.) There is yet another ray of hope for the American Chestnut. The blight, a fungus disease, has become infected with a virus disease in some areas of the country. The infected blight is known as hypovirulent, and even the non-resistant chestnut trees are usually able to survive infestation by bypovirulent blight. If the hypovirulent blight spreads and replaces the killing blight, then the old American Chestnut root sprouts that are already here in the forest will be able to grow to Summer 1987 �maturity. The drawback to hypovirulence is that there appear to be many different strains of the blight fungus, and each strain of the blight can only be affected by a compatible strain of hypovirulent blight The American Chesmut Foundation is sponsoring research on hypovirulence aimed at isolating hypovirulent strains that can spread naturally through the forests. The American Cllestnut Foundation publishes an annual joumal and accepts tax-deductible contributions. Contact: Dr. David French, Treasurer The American Chestnut Foundation c/o Dept of Plant Palhology University of MinllCSOla St. Paul, MN 55108 For more information on chestnuts, subscribe to: Cheslllutworks RL I, Box 341 Alachua, FL 32615 ($10 per yenr - 2 issues) NATIONAL FOREST PLAN: CONTROVERSY CONTINUES TIIB GYPSY MOTii COMETH Nalllral World News Service The "public input" meetings were well attended, yet an eerie silence persisted throughout. Most had already heard of the millions of acres defoliated in the northeastern states. Few came to debate or question the proposed treatments. AU came to find out just what was to take place. At stake was the fate of 11,000 acres of private and federal lands in Clay County, NC. The Fires Creek watershed bad become the site of a "spot infestation" of the feared gypsy moth and had received a personalized environmental impact statement and a custom-made "eradication program". The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., was imponed into this country in 1869 in an attempt to create a silk-producing moth. The rest is history. What the future bolds for us here in Southern Appalachia may come as a surprise, for the gypsy has arrived. The gypsy moth is more than an out-of-state transplant. It is a symbol of our mobile society. It is highly adaptable and has no natural predators here. The larvae spin silken threads and are carried by the four winds. The adult moth lays eggs on any object near at banct, thus hitching a ride to faraway and exotic places. Natunl World News Service The 15-year management plan for the Pisgah and Nantabala National Forests was made official in April and immediately elicited another storm of protest from both local and national environmental watchdog groups. At issue were three points insened into the plan in Washington after a compromise draft plan was submitted from the US Forest Service regional office. The first point said that if timber demand increases, the maximum acreage liable for cutting could be raised from 586,000 to 846,420 acres. The new plan also called for a study to assess that demand, although the last study was completed only two years ago. The new plan also called into question the status of three areas declared as wilderness in the draft plan. A brief statement insened into the final document said that wilderness designation for Craggy Mountain, Lost Cove (Avery Co.), and Harper Creek (Avery-Caldwell Co's.) would be subject to review and "possible modification by the Chief of the Forest Service, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the President." The Western North Carolina Alliance was already intending to appeal the plan because of the high level of clearcutting called for in the Pisgah and Nantahala forests, but the Wilderness Society, a national environmental group, said through spokesman Ron Tipton that the insertion of the three points into the plan would almost cenainly result in an appeal from that group as well. Tipton indicated that other environmental groups might join in the action. Its food source is primarily the foliage of oak trees, but it also feeds on hickory, poplar, birch, and cherry leaves, while a menu of 500 species of shrubs and vines is also available. Fruit trees, some nursery stock, and evergreens such as spruces, helmlock, and pines are selected as well by older larvae. The primary goal. of the larvae is to eat, and after the first molnng this becomes a twenty-four-hour-a-day obsession. The effects of defoliation are varied and depend on several factors. Dry sites with shallow soils seem to be more susceptible than protected sites where moisture and organic matter are adequate. Yet, slow-growing trees may survive repeated defoliation better than fast-growing timber. Healthy trees can withstand one or two consecutive defoliations while stressed trees and evergreens succomb after one attack. Even the healthiest tree will exhibit dieback and a 30 to 50% reduction in diametric growth. Defoliation weakens trees and valuable energy reserves are used to refoliate. Weakened trees are attacked by other opponunistic pests and usually die. Defoliated areas are subject to increased levels of runoff and sedimentation, increased temperature, and ultra-violet light levels at the forest floor and waterways. Larvae droppings are a stream pollutant Mast crops would be drastically reduced. The overall change in plant and animal species composition would be cataclysmic. It was obvious that some action had to be take.n. The Southern Appalachian region is considered to be more favorable than any other area previously occupied by the gypsy. Conditions in Clay County we~ shown to be more than adequate to sustatn very high population levels. AdditionallY, clearcutting to favor oaks, the current management technique iJn the National Forest lands, encourages infestation and timber loss while mixed hardwood stands are less susceptible. Unless remedial action against the moth was taken, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APffiS) of the US Department of Agriculture, acting on a congressional mandate, could quarantine all timber products, nursery stock, horticultural and agricultural crops, and regulate the movement of mobile homes, RV's, and any object that could harbor eggs and increase the spread of the insect The result of this quarantine would be socio-economic chaos in the region. Because of the large acreage of the Fires Creek tract, aerial spraying was accepted at the public meeting as the o.nlY viable method of attack. Several chenucal and biological alternatives were proposed to curb the infestation. Each came with its own dangers. The dangers of introducing synthetic, chemical insecticides are widely known, thus the treatment was not seriously considered. The idea of biological control was the preferred alternative. It was agreed that two foliar applications of a liquid formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bl) and Dimilin (Diflubenzmon) would be sprayed 7 to 10 days apart at the onslaught of larval feeding. Bt would be used along waterwars and Dimilin throughout the steep mountatn terrain. Bt is a naturally-occurring bacteria which when eaten by the larvae, induces digestive paralysis and death by starvation within three days. It has a relatively small target group of insect species. EPA bas given it a "full registration" and has not assigned precautionary restrications for use over water. The Bt spores are degraded by sunlight in 3 to 12 days bot may persist in the soil for several months before passing into the food chain. It is "essentially nontoxic" to mammals, birds, fish and other animals. Treated areas may be re-entered once the spray has dried. . Dimilin is a harsher but more effecnve treatment. It belongs to a group of insecticides known as growth regulators. It targets insects having exoskeletons and kills by interfering with the molting stage of their life cycle. EPA considers Dimilin to be "moderately to extremely" toxic to insects and aquatic invertebrates and "slightly" toxic to mammals, fish and birds. lt has a soil half life of 1 to 3 years and "will not accumulate in organisms as it degrades and passes through the food chain." Research on the use of parasites and sterile male moths as natural controls has shown promise, but the methods are still oriented towards small "hot spots." It was the opinion of the expens that this treatment would control the gypsy moth with minimal environmental impact. A - continued on page 18 KATUAH - page 17 Summer 1987 �--------- ,;::II_.·. . w--- _i_ _ trca - cn - co-n- u _ i_ _l_ 8 4 8 5 - - -tsim lar _ -tm -t, - d -c-ted n 9_ --- . ---""""" .;~,~~~=·--------C- &_ - - E- -- -A - P L_RAT- S ARE over thousands of acres along the Tennessee-North Carolina line (cast of Johnson City and west of Boone), provided hopeful results. In early May spraying on Fires Creek was completed. Monitoring of the area will continue for several years. The local feeling is "what's done is done and it had better work." But the gypsy moth is advancing south at the rate of 6 miles per year. Rcgardlcssofthcdcgrccofcontrol achieved in watersheds such as Fires Creek, the gypsy moth will enter Katuah in approximately 20 years and within 35 years will become well established throughout the bioregional province. WASTE TRANSPORTATION Natural World Newi The Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) facility that the US Department of Energy wants to locate in Oak Ridge, TN may rum into a semi-permanent repository for all of the nation's high-level nuclear waste. Faced by widespread citizen resistance, DOE hopes for completing a nuclear waste repository by their 1996 contract deadline have faded into the distance. The MRS is currently the favored alternative as a storage place for the spent nuclear fuel rods that will be passed over to the government in that year. If the MRS were to be built, 13,400 shipment-miles of radioactive nuclear waste in railcars and 6,200 shipment-miles in trucks would pass through the Katiiah mountain area annually, according to figures released by the Southern States Energy Board. Without an MRS facility, 3,700-5,400 shipment-miles of wastes would pass through the mountains annually during the next few years. Responding to this threat, citizens from 13 states met in Maryville, TN in response to a call by the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League to devise a strategy to counter the proposed MRS and the problem of nuclear waste transponation. The group coalesced into a new organization, the Southeastern Environmental Network and agreed to work on nuclear and hazardous waste transponation problems and to encourage alternative fuels and energy sources. The new organization represents a consensus that local people need to take the initiative in determining new directions for energy policy. The feeling was that if the people did not do it for them.selves, nobody would, and that local groups needed to make their needs clearly felt in the legislative chambers and, in effect, "lead the leaders" to better solutions to questions of energy generation and waste disposal. KATUAH- page 18 .[:\_f;~~; .·· ~:f-'"''".. . . ; ·'1:· .-:).:• ·~ ..,, • ".:!.: :.-. ,• .·!~·::··;-. ~, · ti· ·:.,.,.~.~ ;;~t:~Y · STATE ENDANGERED LIST ·z~;!:: .#~. NC Wildlife Resources Commission r"i ,.. !~J/_. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission is seeking legislation that would create an official state list of animals that arc endangered, threatened, or of special concern in that state. A bill now under consideration by the NC General Assembly would allow the Commission's Nongame Advisory Committee to name members to a council of wildlife scientists. Those experts would develop and use standard criteria for identifying and placing animals and birds in the three categories. Debbie Paul, manager of the Nongame Section of the Division of Wildlife Management, said, "We have rare species of particular interest in North Carolina that aren't on the federal list. There are several unofficial lists of rare animals, but none developed under scientific review or using standard criteria." Some animals already considered endangered in Nonh Carolina include the peregrine falcon, the bald eagle, and th~ eastern cougar. • , MOUNTAINS GET THE SHAKES NUCLE A_ ....., - - _ R WASTE," SAYS DR. SMELLO Nauual World News Sa-vice How far away is the Shearon Harris nuclear plant from the mountains? As close as your electric bill, CP&L ratepayers learned at a NC Utilities Commission hearing in Asheville May 20 when company representatives told a stunned audience that they were seeking a 26% rate increase over the next two years. The revenue is largely to pay for the $3.8 billion Shearon Harris facility, which went into operation on May 2. CP&L spokespeople did offer to give customers a reduction in fuel rates and an overcharge refund, -which would panially offset the effects of the increase during the first year, if consumers agreed to swallow the proposed rate hike. Many of the people who jammed the hearing were elderly people on fixed incomes who may have remembered the exuberant early days of nuclear power when officials promised "power too cheap to meter". The Harris plant was criticized throughout its construction for consistently running over budget, but only later will consumers learn about the "hidden costs" of the Harris plant, which are not figured into cost estimates for nuclear power: the price of radioactive waste disposal and of "decommissioning" (tearing apan and disposing of the irradiated building structures) in 40-50 years when it must be taken out of service. Environmental coSts, of course, never show op in corporate accounting. Or. Smcllo, a colorful clown , attended the meeting wearing a sign saying, "CP&L rates are a nuclear waste". Smello accurately summed up the feeling of the meeting at the end of his address when he said, "I may look like a clown, but CP&L is areal joke." / Narural World News Service An earthquake registering 4.2 on the Richter seismic scale shook parts of Katiiah during the early-morning hours of March 29, 1987. Sheriffs' departments and rescue squads received several calls from alarmed residents, but damage by the tremor was limited to pictures shaken off the walls. The quake centered 30 miles southwest of Knoxville, TN, but the effects were felt as far cast as Andrews, NC. Katiiah is located in the Appalachian Seismic Zone. According to the Tennessee Eanhquake Information Center, this wne is a weak spot in the Earth's crust where two major tectonic plates meet and overlap.The two plates generate great stresses where they press together. The seismic rone is an area where that pressure is likely to be released in the form of an earthquake. The last major quake in the Appalachian Zone was a movement of 5.8 magnitude in 1897 that was centered near Pearisburg, VA. The March tremor was the first to register over 4.0 in 13 years. According to the eanhquake center, the Appalachian Seismic Zone is an active area, recording 25 to 30 shakes per year, but most of the activity registers under 2.0 on the Richter scale and is not perceptible to humans. NEWS The senate was held hostage today by strongwomen who fired brilliant bursts of metaphor over their heads and then escaped into a waiting Future. The Right Hemisphere Liberation Army has claimed responsibility. • Will Ashe Bason Summer 1987 �MONITORING TIIE 'CIDE SEASON It's summertime again in Katuah! Time for sunshine, birds, flowers .....and poisonous chemical sprays. Many farmers, companies, and government agencies use herbicides and pesticides for fast, effective, and highly tocic weed and insect control. Farmers spray pre-emergent herbicides to discourage weeds in their com and tobacco. Railroad companies and state transportation departments regularly spray railroad beds and roadsides, utility companies poison powerline right-of-ways to keep them clear, and the US Forest Service blankets selected areas in the National Forests with herbicide sprays from helicopters. Throughout the growing season, farmers protect their crops with pernicious, long-lasttng pesticides. Suspended particles of these liquid sprays drift great distances through the air. They enter the food chain by being inhaled or ingested in contaminated water and food. The sprays are highly foen, carbon-bound chemicals, so instead of being broken down, they accumulate in the bodies of humans and animals. Acute exposure to pesticides and herbicides cause a burning sensation in the skin, eyes, or throat, and forms congestion in the head and lungs. There may be swelling and aching in these areas and coughing. Sub-acute exposure may cause only a listless, achey feeling and a low resistance to virus. This level of exposure is possibly more dangerous in the long run, because the cumulative effects may result in cancer or other degenerative diseases years later when the cause is hard to pinpoint. A group in Floyd County, VA is surveying the effects of toxic sp rays among their community members and encourages groups in other parts of Katuah to do the same by keeping records of spraying dates and locations and watching for any apparent differences among family and friends. "If we all do this and compile our records," they say, "we may notice a pattern, and we will have more information with which to stand up and say that most spraying is unnecessary and unsafe." Contact: Nancy Barnhardt P.O. Box 417 Floyd, VA 24091 A VIEW FROM THE by Mchael Hockaday CORNERS Valuing Trees: A Thought Burl Had Nowadays I was thinking: what Is a tree worth anyways, In the year of its cutting, and in its lifetime, that being a history of everytime we change it? One half a tree becomes a stud framed In a wall as long as it stands, forever worth about a dollar twenty-nine. That's what you paid for it. Sure, it helps (or doesn't help) hold up a wall, a door, a window, but its inherent value as a stud has been fixed, done with, forgotten behind a layer of fabric, sheetrock, paneling. Done for. Gone. Another soldier of the forest bites the dust of anonymity. Other trees, or half-trees, quarter-trees, trunks, boards, cherished in their dead state more than when they grew alive, are used, touched again and again, changed, utilized in continually various ways; these have a life in history as various as many lives. This winter, after Christmas mostly, I started cutting up the gnarly little yellow pine poles a neighbor used some years ago to hang that season's crop of tobacco in my barn. I had mentioned in the fall he'd better come get them, else they'd be dust by spring. More nitrogen in the garden. Gone. Done for. I decided to handcut them to stove and hearth length with my bucksaw that's been hanging around doing very little since I made it more than a year ago. It's work, in-between, after-work, work that's harder as their girth gets bigger, but chainsawing them hasn't been a joy either. And it's quiet at least, a task more aimed at viewing and appreciating the winter sunsets, end as they may. These poles (trees) 1 was rendering into kindling had been grown, whether by God and nature or man 1 don't know, cut down, trucked around, de-limbed, nailed up to support a cancer-causing agent, left to rot, then taken down, de-nailed, dragged from the barn, sawed Into length, and carried again inside to quickly burn into ash. Makes a hot fire. Good start for winter mornings. Can't be used to hold up much anymore. Gone. Glad to have it. And what a store of time and labor went into the using of those trees, each one a part of the shade we love in summer, helping to sustain some forest's mystery. What attention we have given them.we who are In need of trees, maybe more attention than some people and animals get. So what 1 the worth of is those trees that cost the original user nothing but the time spent getting them? And another thing: the same parts of a tree that may be less than their worth to use them - a real waste of time twisty, doughty , unmanageable for building needs maybe the very material made into items that become collectibles - the life-size carving of a saint, a sparkling oaken threshold, or the delicate-colored, uniquely shaped panel, screen, or fan. What is the worth of only that sort of tree? How expensive is shade? So is it irony, fate, wisdom, or simply a matter of economics that the ugliest, most hard-to-get-to, orneriest trees become the survivors, landmarks, or sacred ones? Some trees are not made for studs, but mostly all wood bums if you get it hot enough. When summer came and that shade that is woven by a community of trees appeared, beckoning in its cool appeal, I left off the burning of deadwood to go and just sit under such a precious canopy of living wonder. I sat content awhile, having for a spell no further need to cut, change, bum. There, in those healing depths of forest - or was it a wood? who cares? - the creek chuckled as it sparkled along to the sea, and I could not but agree that things seemed fine in such a greenwood, while the sun blazed and wind shimmered the heatwaves. "What is the worth of these trees?" I was thinking. Gr1tphics by Rob Mcssiclt KATUAH- page 19 Summer 1987 �Resource Directory Hurrah! Plan et Dr um Foundation has just published A Bioregiona l Directo ry listing bioregional groups, publications and contact persons in Nonh America. The directory includes a brief description of each listing and it also includes a map of the represented areas. To purchase a directory ($2) or to fi.nd out about joini.ng Planet Drum ($15), contact: P lanet Dru m P.O . Box 31251, S an F r a ncisco, CA F oundation, 9413L Here are some selections from the Directory: Mattole Watershed Salmon Support Group, P.O.Box 188, Petrolia, CA 95558 (707) 629-3514 Restoring near-extinct native populations of Ki.ng and Silver salmon through the use of low-tech propagation techniques and habitat repair, MWSSG focuses on salmon as an indicator species in order to raise local watershed consciousness. Established in 1980, the group has released over 100,000 salmon into the Mattole River. Ohio River Basin Info rmation Service, 103 Gibson Lane; Wilder, KY 41076 (606) 781-5502 ORBIS gathers and distributes information that is pertinent to the health of both the natural and social ecology of the Ohio River Basin. It is concerned with water pollution, soil erosion, and ways in which the human community can promote healing the bioregion. ORBIS runs Sunrock Farm, a bioregional educational center, which hosts a program on "Fanning and the Natural World" including activities, tours, songs and hayrides for lhe kids. ORBIS will eventually publish a resource newsletter, "The Heartland Teacher", to promote bioregional education at the elementary school level. The Hopi Epicentre for International Outreach The Hopi E p icentre fo r I ntern ational O u t r each has opened its doors under the authority and auspices of the Hopi Traditional Leaders from the village of Mishongnovi on Second Mesa. Its purpose is to educate the national and international communities about Hopi culture, history and spirituality in relation to current events and how each individual must take personal responsibility towards the healing of the Earth and all her inhabitants. Directed by spokeswoman Marilyn Harris from Mishongnovi, the office is currently worlcing on a film project ba~ed on the "Hopi/Dine Neighborship Gathering". It is an effon to inform, educate and share important spiritual perspectives of Natural Law with the hope of stimulating creative solutions to the problems facing humankind today. Also, there is an effort to gain entrance to the UN as the Sovereign Hopi Nation to address an official meeting of the General Assembly in order to deliver the Navoti (Hopi prophecy and knowledge). To inquire or connibute: Hopi Epicentre for International Outreach, 22 S. San Francisco St., Suite 211, Flagstaff, AZ 86001. (601) TILTH Association, P.O. Box 218, Tualatin, OR 97062 TILTH is a non-profit association on the Pacific Nonhwest which links urban and rural people who support a sustainable, regional agriculture. Members include commercial organic farmers, small holders, market and home gardeners, landscape designers and many others who either practice or support biologically sound and socially equitable agriculture for the region. TILTH publishes a quarterly journal and periodic newsletter updates. TILTH ASSOCIATION/SEATILE 4649 Sunnyside Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98103 SEATILE Til.,TH is an urban chapter within Til.,TH's regional network that is interested in city-based food production. Its office contains a resource library of books and journals devoted to urban gardening and animal husbandry. Seattle TILTH .aJso has a "Demonstration Garden" featuring raised-bed vegetable planting, espaliered fruit trees, composting demonstrations and a solar greenhouse. 774-2644 Earth Island Earth Island Journal, An International E n viron m en tal N~ws Magazine is an invaluable resource for keeping in touch with the ecologicaVcultural health of the planet--including rainforests, sustainable development, indigenous peoples, appropriate technology, etc. Earth Island is a network (computer and otherwise) of individuals, projects, ideas, and places that promote ecological consciousness and action. Ea r t h Island I n stitute, 13 Columbus Avenue, San Fran cisco, CA 94111 KATUAR - page 20 NABC Il Proceedings The NABC II P r oceedings from the North American Bioregional Congress, 1986 is now being published. It is a 90-page quality paperbound book which contains highlights of the week-long Congress, including reports, resolutions, and summaries of presentations as well as photos. The topic areas ran;l:e from alternative economics, eco-feminism, permaculture, nauve peoples and people of color to bioregionaJ envisioning and poetry. Price is $l0eacb plus $1.50 p&h. Contact: Alexandra Han/ Proceedings, P.O. Box 1010, Forestville, CA 95436 Summer 1987 �m Big Mountain "Our way of life is our re ligion, and our teaching. If we are r elocated by force, we will all die slowly. The people wo uld not be in bala nce with Mother Earth and Father Sky and t he spirit ual people. In ever y way, he re we are connected to t he la nd. We belong here." Ma ry T. Begay, Dine elder Background: Just south of the Peabody Co:i1 Company strip mine at Black Mesa (AZ), the U.S. government is forcibly relocnting 10,000 Navajos (Dine) nnd 100 Hopis in what has come 10 be known as the Navajo-Hopi land dispute. In 1974, Congress passed Public Law 93-531, which crcntcd n Relocation Commission and declared that Navajos and Hopis living on I.he wrong side or Lile panition hne c1rawn by Congress would have to move. Native leaders charge that the relocation is designed 10 facilitate access 10 minerals, primarily coal, underlying the disputed lands. Relocation is cwrently being accelerated by livestock seizures, fencing by government crews, a housing construction ban, and harassment of Navajos resisting relocation. Nnvajos who hove voluntarily moved to nearby cities have fallen victim 10 fradulent real estate deals and loansharking. (frotn Th e Workbook, Southwest Research & Information Center, P.O. Box 4524, Albuqucniue. NM 87106) Big Mountain suppon groups around th~. contin~nt continue to renew their effons to suppon the traditional Dine (Navajo) and Hopi peoples in their struggle against forced relocation from lheir homelands. Currently, a lawsuit is being filed which challenges the constitutionality of forced relocation by demonstrating the inseparable relationship between the land and the religious practices of the traditional Dine. All attorneys involv_ed a;e donating their services, but funding for offices, etc. is sull needed. Both the US House and US Senate arc planning to conduct field hearings this fall in the Joint Use Area (JUA) and Hopi Village Nations, concerning this issue. In the House, the commiuce which will be conducting the hearing will be the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee. Three representatives from around the Katuah arc~ are on this committee: Clarke (NC); Darden (GA); and Lewis (GA). These hearings could possibly be an imponant way for ~c traditional Hopi and Dine voices to be heard. If you want to wntc to express your concerns, write: Rep_ _; US House; Washington, DC 20515. Although the Dine arc usually self-sufficient, government harassment in recent years has created a serious need for food, clothing, wool, and tools. A slide show "In Defense of Sacred Land" (30 min w/ tape) is available for sale ($65) or rent ($20/wk). It offers a close·up look at 1he traditional Dine cult~re at Big Mountain and features the complex reasons behind relocation and the people's acts of resistance. A video "The Wrong Side of the Fence" (VHS, 60 min) is also available for sale ($50) or rental ($20). For general information on Big Mountain and to make contributions, contact: Big Mounta i n Legal Defense/Offense Committee, 2029 N. Center St., Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (602) 774-5233 Prophecies The coming of great eanh changes ( canhquakes, upheaval, polar shifts, etc.) in this period of our canh history has been spoken of in the prophecies of many cultures including_ Hopi, Mayan, ~s wcli as Christian. In the Mayan tradition, this August, 1987 is regarded as an extremely significant time. In all the traditions. great emphasis is placed o~ the period lc_ading up !o these changes as an important ume for conscious cleanng a_nd hcaling... a rime for getting in _balance with the Earth an~ w11h oncsclf...a time to make a special effon to walk evenly With one anothcr...a time to acknowledge and live within the ways of the Great Spirit ... to remember the Great Mystery. Even now, Tunle Island and the whole planet is experiencing great stress. It is imponant that we listen keenly to what is occurring. Ho! KATUAH-page21 Green Politics "Throughous our country aNJ our region there is a deep Med /0 reclaim tht word 'politics'. Politics does /IOI hove 10 conjure up images of special illteresu. corporOle affiances aNJ short·range vi.sum. It can begin 10 mean self-gowrnance, day-kH/ay ciliunshipaNJ long-range understanding. Politics can begin 10 reflect and align itself with nature and tht Earth instead of actively defying it. Wt can begin to see pofilics.. .as if people mal/ered...as if tht biotic community mauered...as if tht Earth mO/ttred. from "Tht Politics of Participation" ~ Autumn, 1984 H Currently, there is a thrust towards a new/old dimension to politics...one that speaks to ecological wisdom, grassroots democracy, and personal & social re5P0nsibility. It promotes regionally-based cultures as well as community-based economics. It encourages an envisioning of the present and the future, in terms of bioccntric sustainability. The movement here in North America and around the globe is called "Green Politics". In North America, both in Canada and the United States, the activity and focus is more regional and local rather than national. In the United States, though, there is a Committees of Correspondence Clearinghouse which serves as a national networking center for local and regional groups and individuals in the country. Groups around the continent are working on many levcls--some arc running local and regional candidates, others arc drafting political platforms, while others arc forming study groups, addressing specific environmental and economic issues, etc. This summer 1987, Building the G reco Movement will be the first open national meeting of the Greens in the US, and will take place July 2-7, 1987 in Amherst, Massachusetts. It will be an educational conference rather than a gathering to make decisions for the Green movement. Sponsored by the Committees of Correspondence, it is open to all Greens and activists in kindred movements. It will include plenary panels, workshops, and group discussions as well as music and celebration. For conference infonnarion and general inquiry: Na ti o n al C learinghouse, Comm i ttees of Correspondence, P.O. Box 30208, Kansas City, MO 64112 The ten key values which have been drafted by the Committees of Correspondence and are being discussed and stmtcgiz.ed by local Green groups around the country arc: *Ecological W isdom •Grassroots Democracy *PersonaJ & Social Responsibility •Nonviolence •Decentralization •Community-Based Economics •Postpatriarchal Values •Respect for Diversity *Global Responsibility *Future Focus & Sustainability Richard Harrison, from the Katiiah region, is planning to attend the national conference as well as assist in forming a regional ·11oca1 Green Discussion group . The first meeting will be held on Wednesday, July 22 at the Pack Library meeting room in Asheville, NC from 7:00 -9:00 pm. For more information: Richard Harrison, 183 Edgewood Road, Asheville. NC 28804 (704) 254-6910. Resource reading: Green Poli!ks. The G(obnl Promjss:, Capra and SprellUllc. Bear & Co, S:111t:1 Fe, NM, New cdir.ion t986; Secjo g Green; The Polj!jcs or Ecology Exp(pjncd. Porritt, J. Basil Blackwell, Inc. NY 1984 ; The Sojrilunl Dimcosjon or Green Po(il!cs, Spretnak. Bear & Co, 1986 ... periodicals: Green Lfllrr. ed. Jerry Gwnthney. P.O.Box 9242, Berkeley, CA 94709; New Options , ed. !'.tuk Satin. / P.O.Box 19324, Washington. DC 20036 Turrie Island is the native name for the continent of Norrh America. Summer 1987 �DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH Following are portions of a letter sent to the editors of community papers in Georgia and Tennessee as well as to Katuah: Dear Editor, In order to keep my family off food stamps, I've had to leave my home in southwestern Virginia for the past three winters and set pine seedlings on clearcut National Forest land in the Southern Appalachians. We use an axe-like tool called a "hoedad" and get paid by the tree, so we hustle over mountainsides and through briars, bushes, and the tops of fallen trees. It is hard work, but the pay is good. The land we plant has usually been clearcut of any vegetation over three inches in diameter and then burned over so that when a planter looks up from planting the view in the distance is often like a picrure postcard, while the closeup Looks like a scene of nuclear devastation. At fll'St I thought that the government must make a lot of money doing this, but in truth it costs tire taxpayers a lot of171()ney to clearcut National Forest land! In the fll'St place, the timber or pulpwood is usually sold cheaply because of the remoteness of most National Forest land. Then there is the cost. both environmental and economic, of the roads that the Forest Service puts in to the site and the cost of a new gate and Ioele to keep the public out. Then there are the salaries of various people who mark the boundaries, bum the site, replant pines, people who oversee the people who replant pines, and often people to cut away or poison competing hardwoods a few years later. The cash from the timber sale only barely begins to pay the money price and could never pay the environmental price of the cuttings. Replacing the mixed hardwood forests with rows of pines reduces the food resources available for many animals. Cutting the hardwoods also reduces the brilliance of the fall colors in the mountains. The new pine forests are made of trees genetically similar to each other, which are more likely to fall prey to insects or disease before they are scheduled to be cut When this happens, the Forest Service sometimes sprays large areas with insecticides, and this has a large economic and ecological cost The Appalachians can never really compete in growing pulpwood with the deeper soil and warmer climare of the nearby Piedmont or the Coastal Plain, and in the misguided and federally-funded attempt to do this we will lose priceless mountain topsoil into our streams and lakes and also lose a lot of money. rm not advocating an immediate end to clearcutting, rather a slowing down to think it over and an end to automatically favoring pines over hardwoods. The policy of clearcutting was begun in a sincere attempt to help our local economies. 11 is certainly true that I need the money I make at my job. So let's invent some more wholesome employment for ourselves: - Perhaps we could pay people to replant ginseng on suitable mountain sides in the national forest. This could KATUAH-page 22 conceivably make more money than timber sales with vastly less environmental impact. Harvest could be by permit or by free foraging. This could greatly benefit all kinds of local people and even earn needed foreign eithange, as Appalachian ginseng is esteemed the world over as the very best. - Perhaps people could be employed seeking out the surviving American chestnut trees and helping them survive. Perhaps some of the new blight-resistant hybrids of American and Chinese chestnuts could be planted. - Perhaps the Forest Service could hire more people to extend and maintain hiking, bicycle, and horse trails. - Perhaps the Forest Service could help local people set up more efficient sawmills, solar kilns, and small woodworking industries to make better use of the hardwoods we do log. - Perhaps the Forest Service could establish small, local nurseries for treeS and shrubs that benefit local ecology and economy. - Perhaps the Forest Service could do more work educating itself and the people about the terrible realiiy of acid rain, which has already killed the trees on the tops of the highest peaks and is threatening the entire forest. - Perhaps the Forest Service could foster the development of a few small, viable, village communities within the National Forest which use local energy sources and are built to suict environmental standards to teach us how to live with the forest instead of off it, and offer the people wholesome alternatives to living in trailer parks at the bottoms of mountains or in cabins in beautiful bu1 lonely hollows. If any of these ideas seem far-fetched, remember that we could save taxpayers a lot of money by deciding 10 give the land back to the Cherokee Elders who, after all, did a very good job of land stewardship here for thousands of years and would probably take the job at no pay! The Forest Service is composed mostly of fine outdoor-loving men and women who hate the bureaucracy that siymies them more than any outsider possibly could. They have been caught between a rock and a hard pince with a charter that demands economic benefit of the local communiry, the reality of local timber economics, and the the basically similar needs of sponspeople, conserv:uioniStS. and tourists. Remember, only you can prevent runaway bureaucracy! The Forest Service was set up to nuke policy based on feedback from local people, and when we don't offer this feedback, we short-circuit a very good and idealistic system. Please write down your ideas about National Forest land use and send them to: Chief Forester, US Forest Service, USDA P.O. Box 2417 Washington, DC 20013 Help return the Forest Service to the service of the forest. Will Ashe Bason Check, VA Summer 1987 �Dear Katiiah, rocks only by shoring their silence ond solitude or e we invi ted into their deep time their woy of being before god whot they do they do well keep time w eor w eother guard secr et s mark the eorth whot we see them d o is nothing our senses ore too human their shopes t oo eternal t he life t hat flow s too hidden for all our owareness we have little understanding of how such life Is sacred so they fall split open sit p atiently until w e come ond hear the universe w i thin them groan Its sacred groon - Thom as Dal e Cowan Pho10 by Rob Messick This information is im~t! Can you include this, in pan, in the 'Solstice' issue of Katiiab? Please try to find room! (Excerpts from material senr in) The canh operates as a resonant function of the interface of two metaprograms, the solar and the galactic, whlch together comprise a single field. A resonant frequency phase shift (RFPS) is scheduled to occur August 16/17, 1987. The RFPS will alter the molecular resonance patterns of all living phenomena. By their plasmic nature, most biological fonns will be able to absorb this shift and adjust to the new frequency pat1ern. However, much that has been artificially constructed according to stress specifications not accounting for RFPS may well be disintegrated. In prepara.tion for Phase Shift '87, it is important to reactivate spirit guides and human-to-human bonding programs; to reactivate biopsychic maintenance of planet nodes and crystal gridwoik so that new frequency imprinting can be received by the earth itself in order to activate and monitor the new phase. This is to be accomplished by groups of people in common attunement attending to all planetary nodes-power points, shrines, sacred sites; to alert people by whatever skillful means possible concerning what is about to occur. Ultimately this means the evacuation of the cities. since their artificial structures will be largely destroyed Therefore, plan a crusade--a phase shift crossing--that is a completely hannonic operation, one that can synthesize the old frequency into the new. The Crusade should be in motion by Summer Solstice, 1986. (transmission) 1987-- 144,000 Sun Dance enlightened teachers will totally awaken in their dream mind bodies. They will begin to meet in their own feathered serpent or winged seipent wheels and become a major source of the light to help the rest of humanity to dance their dream awake. A Sun Dance teacher is any human being who has awakened, who has balanced their shields, who has gained the dream mindbody and who honors all paths, all teachers, and all ways. (from Prophecies of lntenribal Medicine Societies of Native American Indians) Beginning at Dawn everywhere on the canh on Sunday, August 16, 1987, 144,000 humans arc being called upon to create a complete field of trust by surrendering themselves to the planet and to the hlgher galactic intelligences which monitor the planet At that time and continuing through Monday, August 17, the higher galactic intelligences will be transmitting a collective planetary vision as well as messages of personal destiny to and through these people, the rainbow humans. (Open letter) Harmonic Convergence: World Harmony Days Aug 16-17, 1987 Join in the Celebration of Harmonic Convergence, a conscious bonding of people to support an evolutionary shift from separation to unity and from fear to love. World Harmony Days include celebrations at local, regional and international levels which will focus healing energies to the earth. At the core, 144,000 people will gather at sunrise on Aug 16 at sacred sites around the globe. They will join at these Earth "acupuncture points" to create a resonating link between Universal Energies and the Earth. For info: Harmonic Convergence, P.O. Box 6111, Boulder, CO 80306 (303) 443-4328. Anonymous DRUMMING -conlinuedpage24 KATUAH- page 23 Sammer 1987 �Dear Follc- 1 really enjoyed the latest issue of KatUah. Il continues to give me great joy to think of the time, energy, spirit, and blood that is cycled through each issue. It is a great labor oflove and work. I liked the "Coverlets" anicle a great deal. I learned much. But the letters on "More Wilderness" in the "Drumming" section seemed to me to be shon-sighted. Sometimes I am confused by what most people think of as being a "whole system", since the word as it is commonly only used often seems to have little to do with the world of good science. (I'm ralkjng about responsive scientists who care about the land, and there are more than a few out there.) I wonder if those writers have any idea how complex a proposal it is to suggest that cougars could once again roam "the wild areas of the Appalachian Region"? Let them take a trip to south Florida and take a look at how hard it is to support a couple of dozen cougars in an area as large as .illl of western North Carolina! Who knows how common cougars were in this area? They are primarily "big package" predators by preference, which would suggest that white-tailed deer would be a major food source. The scat of healthy cougar cats consists of 90% "big packages" and 10% small game. So maybe to establish a Fe/is concolor population in Katuab, we should put them in Cades Cove instead of in a "wilderness area". Like Henry Thoreau, I feel now is the time to stop building castles in the air and start putting in a few foundations. I'd as soon see us use our energy to create a "working community" of people, plants, animals, land, and life in the Appalachians with what we have now. We already have a wonderful predator moving into our area: lhe coyote. What"s wrong with a few coyotes? I would suggest that people who care about the wildlife in our area go out with a good .410 shotgun and kill every feral housccat in the region. These "wild" cats take a huge toll on songbirds and small mammals. John Lane , fKJl iffl)J~(}={f !NJ!ElfWO!RlK ~fPJflOfli1@~ ffrr©m @~qfhl@rrnfli1@Jrq Over 125 adults and children gathered at the Pepperland Farm Camp in Farner, TN for the Katiiah Spring Gathering. It would take quite a while to describe in depth the things we learned, the experiences we shared, and the spirit we felt there. But we can say that, there, the beginnings were set to help the Katuah bioregional organization grow and become more firmly rooted in our daily lives and in our local communities. A network of local contact people is developing... to help nurture a bioregional vision in their communities, to help bring the Katiiah journal to more people, to encourage more local input into the journal, to pass around the word about events and actions, and to sponsor bioregional speakers and events in their local communities. Write to the Katiiah journal to find out what being a local contact per son means. Volunteer, if you can. People are also coming together into " speci fic interest" groups to discuss particular areas of bioregional life and culture. The emphasis is on educatin g themselves as to the most a ppropriate strategies for living in the mountains. It includes keeping up with news, events, and new developments in that particular interest area as well as lively discussions of how it relates to this r egion. Hopefull y, it will also mean submitting articles on that topic so that each aspect of mountain life is represented in the Katuab journal. to "Specific interest " topics include: Forestry and Wildlife, Agriculture and Regional Diet, Water, Sustainable Economics, Healing, Education/Personal Growth, Communities, Ene rg y, Spirituality, Bioregional Theory, Regional Politics, and Shelter. Luke Staengl of Floyd County, Virginia agreed to coordinate a Katuah regional phone tree to be used as a networking tool for issues that require immediate attention such as environmental defense issues, legislative action, and other special events. Luke emphasized that when an issue comes up locally and yet receives regional attention and response, it is much more likely to be taken seriously. He encourages all of us to make use of this kind of networking. Already, there are over 70 names on the phone tree list. Some people have agreed to simply receive a phone call and act on it (write a letter, etc.). Others have volunteered to call others in their community, as well. If you would like to participate in this important regional phone tree send name, add ress, phone number to: Luke Stacngl, Rt.3, Box 120·2, Floyd, VA 24091. KA11JAH - page 24 Write to the Katiiah journal if you have an interest you would like to discuss with other people in the region or if you would like to participate in this budding regional network in some way: Katiiah , P.O.Box 638, Leicester, NC 28748 Summer 1987 �TRANSITION The hawk flies over me and up it sings silently soaring; "Spring!" I have died from lack of flight from lack of green it grows. I see the new and turn my head the old has clasped my soul strength welling up and tears that are not wet but fall like acid rain, scorching emotions and stunting growth. The hawk flies over me and east. I turn to see what it sees - taking on the sorrows all around and shaking and testing my new wings I cannot fly yet. I turn east, thirst overcoming, I long for water. Mirages appear in front of me and I think I have found what I am looking for but it is not water in my mouth, it is stars. The hawk flies over me and up singing, silently soaring, springing from ashes and into lightning. I am becoming light free as the clouds, soaring..... I am learning to love with the intensity of fire. Hawk, energy condensed, shadow threatening those like me who laugh and put if off. Shadow comforting those like me who cry, and my tears are sizzling like hot oil on the water of transition. Wustration by Misha Wilson - Mara Bradburn LESSONS IN PEACE Young Pe op I e's Page Wanted: a world of peace. I say peace - easily, freely, the word stems out and perhaps is used too often. Wanted: Peace. I crave it. Freely. I create it. Sometimes. Peace is when my anger turns back on itself and cries for wisdom. When anger thinks logically and knows it's not worth it. Anger, mushrooming, exploding in my body, turning, facing, understanding ..... Wanted: A peaceful world. The earth is crying. Peace is when my sorrow grows into the trees the leaves absorb it and say; :"rejoicer· When sorrow is channelled the tears become song Peace is when I ache but I walk, singing, in the woods anyway. Wanted: Peace. I say peace as if I know what it means. But when I listen, instead of talking, Peace says that no one knows. No one. Peace is when my resentment lets loose its harsh ties and becomes forgiveness. Wanted: a world of peace. I dance. I talk. I laugh. I act. I create. Peace is when you're doing everything you can and the only one listening Is Peace. - Mara Bradbu, KATUAH- page 25 Summer 1987 �f't't~'t'f'f't'f'ft'tf't'f'ft'f't't'f't events ~:::~::r~JUNE 9-8/16 ASHEVILLE, NC 19-21 CULLOWHEE, NC Appalachian Writers' Association meeting. Contact: Jim Nicholl; Dept. of English; Western Carolina University; Cullowhee, NC 28723 21 SUMMER SOLSTICE Local gatherings everywhere! 21-27 BRASSTOWN, NC Music/Craft Week. Contact: John C. Campbell Follc School; Brasstown, NC 28902 (704) 837-2775 JULY 1-7 G R AHAM COUNTY, NC Continental Rainbow Family Gathering. For information, contact: Rainbow Family of Living Light Box 1097 Newpon, TN 37821 Center on the Blue Ridge Parkway. For ticket info., write: The Follctellers, P.O. Box 2898; Asheville, NC 28802 10 CELO, NC Full Moon Gathering. Mount.ain Gardens, 6/24. See 11 HIGHLANDS, NC "Nantahala Week". Education, exploration, raft trip. Contac1: The Mountain Retreat Center; 841 Highway 106; Highlands, NC 28741 (704) 526-5838 21-27 23-24 SWANNANOA, NC Second Annual North Carolina Alternative Earmin& Fjeld Days. Workshops: Marketing Green Manure Crops Spccialiry Crops Grceobousc Management Tools..... more. Exhibits, demonscrations. At Warren Wilson College campus. Contact: Dr. Greg Hoyt; Mountain Horticultural Oops Rescareh Station; 2016 Fanning Bridge Rd.; Fletcher, NC 28732 2-7 AMHERST, MA "National Conference for a New (Green) Politics" - workshops, strategy, principles. Write: New England Committees of Correspondence; P.O. Box 703; White River Jct., VT 05001 3-5 WAYNESVILLE, NC "The Bliss of Freedom" meditation retreat. Stil-Light Theosophical Rc1rcat Center; Rt. 1, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786 11 ROAN MOUNTAIN Roan Mountain Day Hike. See Nature Conservancy, 6111 11-12 LINVILLE, NC The Highland Games. Scottish piping, dancing, Highland athletics ("tossing the caber", "putting the sheath", more). $7.00. McRae Meadows (US 221 two miles north of Linville, NC) 13-18 ~",r ,-....,.,..-, CELO, NC "Building and Planting Stone Walls" workshop. Joe Hollis; c/o Mountain Gardens; 3020 White Oak Creek Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714 24 ~" ,£~ HOT SPRINGS, NC A Rinzai Zen Retreat. Contact: Southern Dhanna Retreat Center; Rt 1, Box 34-H; Hot Springs, NC 28743 24-28 MARSHALL, NC Timber Framing Workshop. Contact: Country Workshops; 90 Mill Occk Rd.; Marshall, NC 28753 (704) 656-2280 15 CELO, NC "Building and Planting Stone Walls". Mountain Gardens, sec 6/24. GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Mosses and Related Plants". Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6127-28. 18-19 22 27 BAT CAVE, NC Day bike. Contact: NC Nature Conservancy; P.O. Box 805; Chapel Hill, NC 27514 CELO, NC "Art in the Gnrden" - drawing and painting class. Saturdays through 8/1. Rhea Rose Ormond; Mountain Gardens, see 6/24. 3-12 HOT SPRINGS, NC " Breathing and Meditation". Southern Dharma, see 6124-28. ASHEVILLE, NC Formative meeting for Green Politics Discussion Group. 7:00, Pack Library. Contact:. Richard Harrison; 183 Edgewood Rd.; Asheville, NC 28804 (704) 254-6910 5-11 27 T ROUTVILLE, VA "When Modem Medicine Fails What Then?" Exploring alternatives. Rainbow Chapel; Rt. 4, Box 87-A; Troutville, VA 24175 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Research on Wild Mammals of the Great Smokies" workshop with Dr. Michael Pelton. Smoky Mountain Field School; Dep't. of Non-Credit Programs; 2016 Lake Ave.; Knoxville, TN 37996 CULLOWHEE, NC "Landscaping with Native Plants" seminar. Contact: Jim Honon; Dept. of Biology; Cullowhec, NC 28723 (704) 227-7244 BRASSTOWN, NC Black smithing Summer Craft Session. JCC Folk School, sec 6/21-27. 25 HIGHLANDS, NC "Folks, Lore, and Truth". Sec The Mountain, 6/21-27. 23-25 5-18 BLUFF MOUNTAIN, NC Day hike. Nature Conservancy, sec 6/27. 27-28 8 CELO, NC "Dancing on the Deck" - morning and evening dance classes. Wednesdays through August 12. Rhea Rose Ormond; Mountain Gnrdens, see 6/24. MARSHALL, NC Ladder-back Chairmaking Workshop. Country Workshops, see 7/13-18 27-31 f't't'f'f'f'f'f't't'f'tf't't't't't~'t't't KATUAH - page 26 Summer 1987 �AUGUST 1-2 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Mushroom Identification" weekend and "Big Game Observation" backpacking trip. Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6/27-28. 2-15 CELO, NC Full Moon Gathering. Mountain Gardens, see 6/24 9-14 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. 19 "Forests and Trees of the Smokies". Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6/27-28. 23-30 WA YNES VILLE, NC "What is Theosophy? " seminar/retreat. Stil-Light, see 7/3-5. 19-20 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Research on Wild Mammals of the Great Smokies" with Dr. Michael Pelton. Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6/27-28. 24-28 MARSHALL, NC White Oak Basketry Workshop. Country Workshops, see 7/13-18. HOT SPRINGS, NC "Vipassana and Hatha Yoga". Southern Dhmna, see 6/24-28. 8 NORTH WEBSTER, IN "The North American Conference on Christianity and Ecology". Write c/o P.O. Box 14305; San Francisco, CA 94114 BRASSTOWN, NC Blacksmithing, Knife Making courses. JCC Folk School, see 6/21-27. 7-14 19-22 26-30 HOT SPRINGS, NC "Satipatthana Vipassana Meditation Retreat" . Southern Dharma, see 6/24-28. 29-9/4 BRASSTOWN, NC "Eanhworks" (Fiber and Clay Week). JCC Folk School, see 6/21-27. MARSHALL, NC 20-26 BRASSTOWN, NC Blacksmithing and Early American Crafts. JCC Folk School, see 6/21-27. 25-27 WA YNES VILLE, NC "An Introduction to Spiritual Astrology". Stil-Light, see 7/3-5. 29 ASHEVILLE, NC "Is There a Future for the Black Bear in the Southern Appalachians?" conference. $5.00. 9 am - 6 pm.Owen Conference Center; UNC-Asheville. See ad this page. Windsor Chairmaking Workshop. Country Workshops, see 7/13-18. 10-15 FARNER, TN "Backpacking Adventure" (ages 11-18); tracking, foraging, primitive camping with Snow Bear. Pepperland Fann Camp; Star Route; Farner, 1N 37333 "IS THERE A FUTURE FOR THE BLACK BEAR IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS?" SEPTEMBER 3-7 FARNER, TN "Touching the Earth Mother". Retreat with Shahabuddin Less. See 8/10-15. ~~~tt RECLAIM YOUR P£RSONAl POWER AT A NUA1\JRING MCM.NTAIN RETFtEAT °""""" - AUGUST17-23 $285 am. U 81Y OUT\.AW, UIT, MICHAEL.A&CHMlOT CHR1$TIHE 9YRD. C.H.C.. HERBALIST PAM MONTGOMERY, 4-7 BRASSTOWN, NC Labor Day Music and Dance Weekend. JCC Folk School, see 6/21-27. CAROLYN MOOR£, INOIAN VAUEY RETREAT 6 CELO, NC Ill 2 eox sa. WI.US, VA. 24390 fnl3l .,...295 PleMt tMJ.11• 04/I bfocAn ICW oet.MI Full Moon Gathering. Mountain Gardens, see 6/24. 14-16 ELKINS, WV Augusta Folk Festival. Augusta Heritage Center; Davis and Elkins College; 100 Sycamore St.; Elkins, WV 26241 11-13 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Spiders of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park". Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6127-28. 16 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Summer Wildflowers of the Great Smokies". Smoky Mountain Field School, see 6/27-28. 16 HARMONIC CONVERGENCE Join with others at sunrise and share your vision of world peace and harmony. 16-19 HIGHLANDS, NC "Dare to Explore". Rock climbing, whitewater canoeing, hiking. The Mountain, see 6/21-27. Issues Facing the Black Bear and Mountain Habitat Its TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1987 Owen Conference Center, UNC-Asheville 11-13 WAYNESVILLE, NC "Henry David Thoreau and the Tao of Simplicity" seminar at Stil-Light. See 7/3-5. 16 CELO, NC "Dividing Perennials and Making a Flower Garden" workshop. Mountain Gardens, see 6/24. 18-20 ASHEVILLE, NC New Priorities Conference on Peace, Social Justice, and the Environment. Contact: The New Priorities Center; 54 Starnes Ave.; Asheville, NC 28801 Invited Speakers Include: Dr. Michael Pelton (University of Tennessee) Dr. Roger Powell (NC State University) Ms. Lauren Hillman (US Forest Service) Dr. John Collins (NC Wildlife Resources Comm.) Jim Noles (NC Bearhunters' Ass'n.) Admission: $5.00 Sponsored by: Dept. of Environmental Studies, UNC-A Bear Action Networlt Kal(iah �gets a chance to speak. They talk about things they are feeling, experiences of that day, or whatever they want to speak about The simple ritual of passing the feather puts a lot of meaning into that little gathering. It makes it ceremonial, and I find the Jcids often talk of very deep things that are on their minds. Again, it's the power of the mythic that seems to bring out people's deeper selves. We always try to have a fire in the evenings when we're traveling . It's not just for the practical necessity of cooking our foocl. nor only because the fire is a center for the group circle, but we make a fire because it is in itself such a basic, important element that I want to invite it into our circle and introduce the Jcids to it. And fire is a teacher. In mythic tenns it says to us very starkJy, "That which would give light must endure burning." ~: Besides the external recognition, there is also an initiation that happens within the adolescent at this time of change. These private initiations are perhaps the most important Do you run into examples of these at the camp? Helen: Kids want to be heroes and heroines. They will do a lot to achieve a victory. And they want to be good grown-ops, so they will respond to a challenge to prove themselves. Kayaking and rock-climbing provide a different type of challenge. Rather than testing endurance and encouraging a reflective, meditative state, they bring the campers very much into the immediate moment They have to extend tlleir senses and concentrate on putting all their energies 10 the task at always some point where they have to meet that fear and overcome it to be able to continue. At that crisis point there is a sudden sensation of becoming very calm and objective. As the Hopi Indians say, "The soul comes out of the top of the head" through the fontanelle and looks down on the body clinging there with a single, perfectly clear eye that transcends all fear or questioning. Kat\Jah: So these experiences actually coun that fear to generate energy for an initiatory experience. Helen: They inevitably do that, but they also demand total physical exertion which often exceeds what the camper believed to be his or her physical limits. The world is perceived very clearly when one is hanging on to a finger-hold crevice, and a single climb can shift the terms in which a young person defines his or her identity, creating a new acceptance of self. And all these elements together add up in some way to a spiritual connection with the God force, which, while it is not readily defineable, is the strongest source of personal power. Bot we don't have to seeJc these situations out. They are a naturally-occuuing part of camp life. One time I was with a group of the younger campers. The thing we were going to do that period was to climb trecS. They all started going up, except for a mentally disturbed boy named Jimmy. He was standing on the ground malcing climbing motions with his hands, ~oing "Uh, uh, uh," like a monkey. I thtnk it's very important for the kids that, once we say we're going to do something, we do it. I realized that this was an important moment for him; it was very imponant that he at least got to the first branch. So I called the other Jcids around. Some of them were already way op in the tops of the trees, but they all gathered around, and we talked about this. We made it a group project. Jimmy didn't mind the group talking about his problem, in fact I find that the kids seldom mind having the others talk about them in the circle. We talked about it, and then with a lot of reaching, hoisting, and encouragement, Jimmy made it up into the tree. It was a group effon, but it was also a personal victory for him. hand. 11 The river is a good teacher of humility, because in a kayak, the ldds have to recognize and use that force. 11 Groups go k.ayalcing in the fast rapids in several of the mountain rivers. On the water, the kids have to concentrate on their movements, their techniques, while always being aware of the rapids coming up ahead. They have to be constantly sensitive to the river. It's an immense, strong force. The river is a good teacher of humility, because in a kayak, the kids have to recognize and use that force. TI1ey have to flow with it, if they're going to avoid being thrown under. Rock-<:limbing is another challenging activity that tests the kids' abilities. When they're pulling themselves up the side of a cliff, the campers have 10 rely on their own strength and have to watch their own motions in the same way as on the river. They have to control their fear, so their body can be completely relaxed, and they can continue 10 climb. There's KATUAH - page 28 These experiences come up, bot for them to have a positive effect, there must be a teacher present who can interpret and resolve them. "Education" in its Latin beginnings derived from educatus, part of the verb educare, "to bring fonh from within". Education does not mean to superimpose knowledge that belongs to others on top of the initiate. It means to bring out the eternal truths that lie hidden in every relationship. So there must be relationship and it must be experiemial. Now that's a school! ,, - Recorded by DIV Summer 1987 �w€BWO~ ENVlRONME.NTAL IN'raRNSHIPS available at Long Branch Environmental Education Center in pcnnaculllR. wildlife ad'JOCIC)', 80lid and ha%ardous waste issues, appropriate technology. Room and board. Coruacc Paul and Pal Gallimore; RL 2, Box 132; Leicester, NC 28748 (704) 683-3662 ORGANlC FERTILIZERS, herbs, and organically-grown, local produce at the WNC Farmers' MJutetl Look for the Fa.irglen Farms stall, uniis F and G in the wholesale area of the Farmcn' Market: 570 Brevard Rd.; Asheville, NC (704) 252-4414 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER, cenified, creative, self-motivated, and organized needed at Valley School, a parent-governed alternative school in Monongahela National Forest, WV. Resume, refeicnces to: Teri KulSko; I Kirk St.; Elkins, WV 26241(304)636-2979 THE APPALACHIAN HERB NEWSLETTER: exploring the potenlial for herbs as cash crops in Appalachia. Subscriptions $12/yr.. Write: A!)J)a!acbjan Herb Newslcttcr - ASPI; RL 5, Box 423; Livings100, KY 40445 acres near Boone, NC sccting families with SIJ'Ol1g visions and resources to manifest a peaceful place for our children to grow in love and to survive the corning of the new age. Paul and Susan Del Rios; RL 2, Box 314; Vilas, NC 28692 (704) 297-4937 LAND TRUST in the forming on 57 PURE HONEY - unhealed and unfiltered. Poplar, locust, and sourwood. One of nature's blessings! Price and ordering info from Jimmy Holladay, the Beekeeper; P.O. Box 908; Black Mt'n., NC 28711 (704) 669-9788 INDIAN VALLEY RETREAT- 140 llC(CS in Blue Ridge mountains with facilities available to rent for groups or individual retreats, either guided or unstructured. Send for information and seasonal calendar of healing, transformative evenis to: Indian Valley Holistic Center; RL 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380. "AS WE ARE" - Women's music by Pomegranate Rose, a four-woman group playing lively original music. Casseue tape available for $9.00 ppd. from RL 2, Box 435; Pittsboro, NC 27312 A Bil.L is under consideration in the NC legislawre that would affect lhe future of homeschooling in the state. For info, call: Candy Boehm (704) 667-8826 or Tricia Sommerville (704) 658-0809 Tiffi CENTER FOR NEW PRIORITIES - now open, in Asheville, NC, for all groups dedicated to wort:ing towards genuine, life-oricnl.cd, change for lhe community. Office space, small meeting space, and ltitchen facmties are available. For more information, call (704) 254-4714 or write the Center, 54 Starnes Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801. The Cenier appreciates donations, large or small, to help with iis upkeep and activities. PEPPERLAND FARM CAMP - a unique summer camp experience for chi.ldrcn 6-16 years. AdvenlWI: trips, riding, Indian lore, swimming, more. Delicious vegetarian meals - special diets accomodated. Also seeking counselors and slllff. For info: Pepperland Fann Camp; Star Route; Farner, TN 37333 (704) 494-2353 WINGED HEART HOMESTEAD - 283 ICl'CS in Indian Valley district, SW Virginia. On this Cann we want IO start a self-reliant community of families emphasizing organic farming melbods and creative personal and spiritual growth. Contaet: Muzawir; RL HC-67, Box 171: Alum Ridge, VA 24051. APPRENTICESHIPS • offered in large, organic, m3Jket garden business and home subsistence/ preservation garden. Gardeners have eight years experience teaching organic, biodynamic-French intensive, labor intensive gardening. Housing. Contact: Bob and Sandy Gow; Rt. 2, Box SI; Zionvillc, NC 28698. {919) 385-6606. CLINCH RIVER EDUCATIONAL CENTER offers counseling for individuals, couples, groups. Also classes in personal growth and body awareness. P.O. Box 993; Abingdon, VA 24210. FARM FOR SALE - 43 acres, Calhoun Cty. WV; 5 room older house, deep well, 30+ apple trees, indoor hot water and bath, outdoor toilet, FREE NATURAL GAS, hilltop. 1/4 mile well-maintained access road. Allan &: Carol Freeman, (704) FLOWER ESSENCES - Harmony with Nature &: SpiriL Gentle emotiortal support during transitions, specific issues, relationships. Opens communications. Self-adjusting, non-toxic, awareness "tools" for improving the ionCl quality. Correspondence to: Elaine Geouge, c/o Patchwork Castle, Celo, 3931 HWY 80 So., BumsvWe, NC 28714 At ARTHUR MORGAN SCHOOL 24 studenlS and 264-5726. $30,000. KA11JAH - page 29 SOCK-A-DOOZ PUPPET PETS - Walk 'cm, talk 'em, make 'cm Oy. Wag their tails, you can try. They will love you, hug you if you're blue. Now PUPPET PETS can be your friends too. Handcrafted by Bonnie Blue; 78 1(2 Patton Ave. (#10): Asheville, NC 28801 "CELEBRATION SPACE: Songs to Celebrate Life" - A casset.te tape completely produced, performed, and recorded by members and friends or lhe Floyd County community to raise money for the Floyd County Community Hall. This audio songbook contains 15 original songs and chants and 3 traditional songs to learn and sing in your own community. The sound quality is uneven, but the c:ncrgy. spirit, and joy shine through. For the cassette 1ape with lyric sheet (ppd.), send $10.00 to the Floyd County Communi1y Hall Projca; RL 1, Box 735; Floyd, VA 24091. CREEKSIDE PRESS - Assistance for authors and poctS in editing, computer scrvices, and submitting manuscripts for publication. Lori Ward Hamm; P.O. Box 331; Abingdon, VA 24210. PARM WANTED - young family seeks owner-financed, low down payment (SSOO or less) small acreage (10 acres or less) in the N.C. mountains for home, gardens, fruit tree, and peace. Also, we would appreciate info on jobs and/or job offers in the area. We are young, hard-working and dependable. Please write Mr. &. Mrs. Jorge Velazquez: 174 Countrywood, Cleveland, TX 77327. ARCHITECTURAL ADVlCE AND DESIGN: Adam C.ohen; RL 2. Box 217; Check, VA 24072 14 staff learn together by living in community. Curriculum includes creative academics, group decision-making, a work program, service projccis, extensive field trips, challenging outdoor experiences. Write: 1901 Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714. Shell gorget llJlelJ1hod 11 IM Orcat MoWld. ScvieiviUe. TN WEBWORKING continued next page Summer 1987 �WEBWORKING cootinucd ASTROLOGICAL CHART S. 7-page interpretations of planets in signs and houses with planetary aspects. Easy to read. Great gift for the newly-born. Send SIS, name, date. time, and place of birth to TouchslOOe; Rt. 2, Box 314-K; Vilas, NC 28692 OAK LEAF WORKS - hand-crafted futon mauresses, zabolOO noor cushions, yogamats, and buckwheat bull pillows; SUllldard & custom sius available, to suit your needs. Write or call for our free brochwe: Oak Leaf Works; Star Route, Box 43; Floyd, VA 24()1)1; (703) 763-2373. DA YSTAR ASTROLOGICAL SERVICE - niual, transit, comparison charts. Very accurate. Only $3.00 each. Chris and Will Bason; Rt. 2, Box 217; Check, VA 24072 (703) 651-3492 ROSE AROMATICS - cssentiai oils have been healing body, mind, spirit, since ancient EgypL A most pleasant therapy! Dabney Rose; 108 Church Rd.; Asheville, NC 28804 (704)2S4-9SS I WEBWORKING Is free. Send submissions to: Ka1W MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS - herbal salves, tinctures, & oils for bitthing & family health. For brochwe., please wrire: Moon Dance Farm; RL l, Box 726; Hampton, TN 376S8 P.O. Box638 Leicester, NC Katliah \ Province 28748 SCOTT BIRD GREG BLACK (704) 683-1414 683-4795 Mebtcltte of tne farlfJ ~Spirit Ul.TIIAVIOLET PUAlflCATIOH AHO ALTElllMG SYSTEMS cus~m beabeb nystal MCklaces SOLAR PRODUCT'S · WATER AHALVSIS RANDA~ C. 704-~5912 LANIER _.._.. ~ 131 r.,_ -..,..,, 1111. - l l o. N C. 2*4 . HWY. 107 RT. 88 BOX 125 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 (1041 291-103' Chinese Acupuncture and Herbology Clinic NaturaJ Food Store & Deli 160 BroadWay Asheville, NC 28801 MALAPROP'S BOOKSTORE/ CAFE BOOKS - 342 Merrimon Avenue Asheville, NC (704) 258-9016 CARDS - OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday-Saturday: 9am·8pm Sunday: 1pm-5pm RECORDS 61 Haywood Street, Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 253-7656 (704) 254-0134 'Jlja!?~ 'J\!1~1 BOBCAT l'ruvoJ1na PttM>nol ~<Vt« Fllloni Book Nttds In Spcclahzecl Fle!Js 704-264-5866 'Nat!lr<\ls y,.., T-SHIRT SHORT SLEEVE T: $10.00 ppd. Colors: Ecru, White, Sliver, Seafoam (It. green) Tea/ LONG SLEEVE T: $14.00 ppd. (Include• Paw Print on Sleeve) Colors: Ecru, Sliver, Tea/, White Satisfaction assured or return for full refund. PleaH Indicate size, color, sleeve length, quantity. B ~)OkD Q""' Thin(s L, .. . GARY HEMSO'TH 8ooludrr IN ADULT SIZES S,M,L,XL We a/so have a /In• of aweanhlrts and kid• T-Shlrta Boone Bel&bts Sbopploc Centu Boone, North CaroUna 28607 t-----------------t FRIEDMAN & Introducing the BOBCAT This full color design Is hand-screened on T-SHIRTS OF 100% PRESHRUNK COTTON KAlUAH - page 30 Where Broadway mMts Merrlmon Ave & 1-240 8 DESIGN, INC. ENUGY SYSTEMS THAT />AY FOR THEAISELVF..'i I ..- - ~-- -,.. -.., ~-=..,.,ca=-=-.,:-:.=-.-=-= - -=::-::....,..==. l(AWI~- P O llOXlll7 OIUS80AO. H C 21125 Summer 1987 �Kmflal1 wants to communicate your thoughts a11d feeli11gs to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, drawings, or photographs. Please send your contributions to us at: K.atiJ11.b; Box 638; Leicester, NC; Ka!Uah Province 28748. For fall, Katflah is looking for facts.feelings, and amazing tales about Yonah, the black bear, totem spirit of the Southern Appalachians. In the winter issue, the focus will be on "Sheller". Please send drawings, designs, thoughts, or ideas on what is appropriate she/1.:r in the mountains. Medfclnt" ;illfes BACK ISSUES ISSUE NINE - FALL 1985 The Waldee Forest - The Trees Spealc Migrating Forests - Horse Logging Starting a Tree Crop · Urban Trees Acom Bread - Mylll 'Time ISSUE 1WO- WINTER 1983-84 Yona - Bear Hunters - Pigeon River Another Way With Animals - Alma Becoming PoliticaJly Effective Mountain Woodlands - Katiiah Under the Drill- Spiritual Warriors full color ISSUE TEN - WIN11'ER 1985-86 Kate Rogers - Circles of Stone : Internal Mythmalting - Holistic Healing OD Trial Poems: Steve Knaulh - Mythic Places The Uktena's Tale. - Crystal Magic "Dreamspcaking" ISSUE THREE - SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agriculture - Sunflowers Human Impact on the Forest - Childrens' Education - Veronica N"icholas:Woman in Politics - Lillle People - Medicine Allies T- s&frts In the traditional Cherokee Indian belief, the creatures in the world today are only diminuitive forms of the mythic beings who once inhabited the world, but who now reside in Galuna'ti, the spirit world, the highest heaven. But a few of the original powers broke through the spiritual barrier and exist yet in the world as we know it. These beings arc called with reverence "grandfathers". And of them, the strongest are Kanati, the lightning, the power of the sky; Utsa'nati, the raulesnake, who personifies the power of the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdi, "the little man", as ginseng is called in the sacred ceremonies, who draws up power &om the underworld. Each is the strongest power in its own domain. Together they are allies: their energies compliment each ocher to form an even greater power. As medicine allies, they represent the healing powers of the Appalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of Katuah have been depicted in a striking T-shirt design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 5-color silkscreen by Ridgerunner Naturals on top quality, all-cotton shirts, they are available now in all adult sizes from the Katfiah journal. "To show respect for this supernatural trinity of the natural world is to in turn become an ally in the continuing process of maintaining harmony and balance here in the mountains of Katuah." To order, use the form below. ISSUE ELEVEN - SPRING 1986 Community Planning - Cities and the Bioregional Vision - Recycling Community Gardening- Floyd County, VA - Gasohol - Two Bioregional Views Nuclear Supplement - Foxfire Games -Oood Medicine: Visions ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 1984 Water Drum - Water Quality - Kudzu Solar Eclipse - Clearcuuing - Trout Going to Water - Ram Pumps Mierohydro- Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE- FALL 1984 Harvest - Old Ways in Cheroltee Ginseng - Nuclear Waste - Our Celtic Heritage - Bioregionalism: Past, Present, and Future - John Wilnoty - Healing Darltness - Politics of Participation ISSUE THIRTEEN - Fall 1986 Center For Awakening· Elizabeth Callari - A Gentle Death - Ro.spice - Ernest Morgan - Dealing Creatively with Death Home Burial Box - The Walce - The Raven. Moelter - Woodslore and Wildwoods Wisdom ·Good Medicine: The Sweat Lodge ISSUE SIX - WIN'IBR 1984-85 Winter Solstice Earth Ceremony Horsepasture River - Coming of the Light - Log Cabin Roots - Mountain Agriculwre: The Right Crop • WilJiam Taylor - The Future of the Forest ISSUE FOURTEEN • Winter 1986-87 Lloyd Carl Owle - Boogers and Mummers - All Species Day - Cabin Fever University - Homeless in Katuah Hommade Hot Water - Stovemaker's Narrative - Good Medicine: Interspecies Communication ISSUE SEVEN - SPRING 1985 Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs WOTker Ownership-The Great Economy Self Help Credit Un.ion - Wild Turkey Responsible Investing - Worlting in the Web of Life ISSUE FIFTEEN - Spring 1987 Coverlets - Woman Forester - Susie McM.ahan: Midwife - Alternative Contraception - Biosexuality Bioregionalism and Women - Good Medicine: Mauiarchical CullUl'e - "Pead" JSSUE EIGHT - SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Katiiah 18,000 Years Ago - Sacred Sites - Polit Ans in the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle Poems: Hilda Downer - Cherokee Hcriiage Center - Who Owns Appalachia? Celebration KAWAH: Bjoreruonal Journal of the Southern Appalachians Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 Regular Membership........$10/yr. Sponsor..........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Name Address City Area Code K.AWAH- page 31 Enclosed is $ to give this ejfort an extra boost State Phone Number Zip I can be a local contact person for my area Back Issues Issue# _ _@ $2.00 = $_ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.00 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.00 = $_ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.00 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.00 = $_ _ Complete Set (2-11, 13-15) @ $19.00 = $_ _ T-Shirts: specify quantity color: tan S_ _ M_ _ L_ _ XL_ _ @ $9.50 each............$_ TOTAL PRICE= postage paid _ $_ _ Summer 1987 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, Issue 16, Summer 1987 Description An account of the resource The sixteenth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on the initiations and rituals surrounding the coming of age and the maturation of young people. Authors and artists in this issue include Tata Andres, Snow Bear, Patrick Clark, Maggie Schneider, Rob Messick, Burt Kornegay, Stephaen Delor, Didier Cuzange, David Wheeler, Curry Morris, Doug Silsbee, John Lane, Clyde Osborne, Will Ashe Bason, Michael Hockaday, Nancy Barnhardt, Thomas Dale Cowan, and Mara Bradburn. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Interview: Helen Waite.......3<br /><br />Poem: "Visions in a Garden".......5<br /><br />The Vision Quest.......6<br /><br />First Flow.......8<br /><br />Thoughts on Initiation.......9<br /><br />Archetypes of Male Initiation.......9<br /><br />Learning in the Wilderness.......12<br /><br />Cherokee Challenge.......15<br /><br />Natural World News.......16<br /><br />View from the Corners: "Valuing Trees".......19<br /><br />Turtle Island Talking.......20<br /><br />Young People's Page.......25<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sylva Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Puberty rites Outdoor Education--North Carolina, Western Camps--North Carolina, Western Youth development--North Carolina, Western Cherokee youth--North Carolina, Western North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Cherokees Community Education Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Geography Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Katúah Organization Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3567a630be59b5496463f585671f2635.pdf 61f182d69dcedf09a39a622f12601af3 PDF Text Text f ~ . CK._ATUAH > .... $1.50 ISSUE 18 WINTER 1987-88 BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS ._,, • �Photo by Paul Gallimore (j~~-~-T-~H) P.O. Box 873 Cullowhee, NC Katuah Province Postage Paid Non-profit Org. 28723 Note new address, inside/ ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Permit #12 Cullowhee, NC 28723 �• SHELTER IN KATUAH Resource List.... .. ... .. .• • On Bui.Jdlng andDulgn Solar Compo ting ToileL.......... IS October Qysk ............................. 16 P<>tms by Rlla Silns Qull,.n Review by Ju/Ja N11111f411y Duncan Good Medicine: 'On Sbelter"....... 18 The Future of the Black Bcar........19 COf(cnia Rqon Natural World News.. .. ............20 CaldwdJ CtJlllfly I~ SlflOkia Wlldentas Bill Poachers C.,lrt MRS in CDngras Forat Snvla Pba Al1Mll Duh'1 Col~ Cred p;o}«t AslwvUle R«,clJni CenlU A Children's Page......................23 Drummang ...... Utltn to Kalllah • ... 24 ·A Bourn of Buds".. . .. .. .. .28 f'\ l'otm by Miclrod ffodtatlat The presence of shelter embodies much more than just a building. It is a home, a center around which members of a family or community emerge, travel from, return to, and are visited. Many of the most important events in human life find a place, time, and meaning within the structures we build. It is here that we house or integrate the activities of our lives (birthing, growing, eating, sleeping, playing, working, dying...) In many ways, "we are what we build". Through this kind of architectural mirror is reflected the expression of a cultural and personal world view. We now greatly attect the ecology of the Earth by the impact of our collective human existence. The niches we carve out for ourselves very often intrude into the habitat of other animals and plants. Is it possible for us to build our communities in accord with the recycling nature of the systems that surround us? Buildings are inherently open systems that interact with the forces of wind, water, land, temperature, season. and other living things. Our relatedness to the natural world can be acknowledged through designing shelter that is actively aware of the flow of energies coming into, working within, moving out of, and mingling among other systems of the Earth, and, particularly, of a bioregion. By affirming patterns of sustainability in the design of our shelters and communities. we foster their existence and come closer to being in harmony with all that is. -The Editors/ �......---..;~ (i.ATUAH) EDITORIAL STAfF DDS J.s.s!LE; Scott Bird Sam Gray Rob Messick ~1amie Michael Red Foit Manha Tree David Wheeler Muller EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Christina Morrison Bob WiesellTl311 Sarah Jane Thomas Hot Sauce Cover: "Howie's Dome" ne:ir Bethel, NC. Photo by Rob Messick. Thanks lO Eart.hdanccr for the Invocation for this issue. which was reprinted from lhe Educational Resource Ccmcr Newslcucr, P.O. Box The Southern Appalachian Bioreglon and Ma1or Eastern River Systems 460; Floyd, VA 24091 EDITORIAL OFFICE THJS ISSUE: Worley Cove. Sandymush Creek PRINTED BY: Sylva Herald Publishing Co., Sylva, NC WRITE US AT: TELEPHONE: (704) 683-1414 KaWh... Boit 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 01vcrsuy 1$ an imponant clement of bioregional ecology. both ll.llural and soci.11. In lme with this principle, Katllah tries to serve as a forum for the discUSSion of regional iSSlle$. Siincd articles express mly lhc op1n10n ol the authors and arc not ncccuanly the opiruons of lhc Kati.ah edit.ors or Slaff. The lni.cmal Rc•'CllUC Servltc lw declared Kazuah a non-profit organ11.ation under MlCtion SO I(cX3) of the ln=I Revenue Code. All conuibutions io Katuali arc doducuble from personal income rax. 'LNVOCA.TWN STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here in rhe sou1hern-mos1 heartland of the Appalachian moU11Jains, the oldest moUnJain range on our continent, Turrie Island; a small buz growing group has begun to IOU on a sense of responsibility for the implications of tltat geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on ti~ concept of living within ti~ narwal scale and balance ofumversal syswnr and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherolcee name " Katuah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicared by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke Rfrer Valley to the nonh; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the somh; and the Tennent/! Rfrer i'nlley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this regwn. and to foster the awareness t/IDJ the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. LJ1•ing in tltis manner is a way to insure the sustaillllbilicy of tlte biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in irs continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a "do or die "siruarion in terms of a quality standard of life for all living befogs on 1/iis planet. As a voice for rite caretakers of this sacred land, Kawah, we advocate a ceruered approach to tlte concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of s1istainabi/iry and ti~ crea1io11 af harmony and balance in a total sense, here in tliis place. We welcome all co"espondence, criticism, pertinent information, anicles, arrwork. etc. witlt hopes that Katuah will grow to serve the best interests of tltis region and all its living, breathing members. - The Editors KATUMI - page 2 WINTER 1987·88 �PROTECTING THE DREAMER: Vernacular Values in H.cgional Architecture by Sam Gray ln his classic work, Poetics of the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard focused on various levels of architectural meaning. He suggested Lhat a basic feature of those meanings we associate with the idea of Lhe house is that the home protects. It not only protects physically against climate and weather, it protects psychically as well. IL protects thought, reverie, and dreaming. That, perhaps, is its most important function. "The purpose of the house is to protect the dreamer within," wrote Bachelard. Evoked is the architecture of dwelling - protective, sensual. natural - grounded in a locale and a time. In a word, vernacular, ar adjective which connotes in buildint economics, politics. cooking, or a what it once described exclusive! about language or poetry. "Vernacular" is Lhe indigenou the traditional, the homemad1 spontaneous, colloquial expression< anything. If a house of some order (tip cabin. frame house, stone hous1 yurt) is important for huma reflection and dreaming, it is littl wonder that our psyches become s1 entwined with their architecture. The house of our childhood i: an architectural emity, a psychic landscape and a context for memories and understanding. So. too, is the house of our plans, the house we would build - the dream house of the mind that we continuously construct, revise, and renovate. The dreamer. protected by the house, dreams a house and fills n with plans, voices, and ghosts that are themselves protected by the house. In our time, the architectural space that shelters thought and dreams has begun to fill with the electronic dreams, projections. and hallucinations of the national media and markets. It is possible that the traditional purpose of the house has undergone an evolution. The dreaming space, filled from within ~. • continued on page 4 WINTER 1987·88 SM/ton I/oust. llaywood Coun1y. 1876-188(). Two-story frame howt wl1h tngaged /WO-lier /'()rch bu1/1 by ConftlkraJt \'ttcran S~p,..tn J. Shelton. 1he building now hawsts 1he Mumm1 of Nor1h Carolina llaNficr<(rs. Ap1'><11arl11a11 log cabin i11 uniikntifitd locale, circa 1900. Roofln~ is chcstnUI or oaJc slt.:iks. Jesst Cmp I/oust. Graham Counry. tarly 20th cen1ury. Two-s1ary framt hou.~t of a "Y-p/an• foU!ld with some frequtncy in Graham County bw rurt tl_.htWrt KATUAH - page 3 �PR01 EC'Tll\\G THE ORl-:AMER connnucd from J13gC 3 Gallaway llou.u l tanrylv'11lla CoUJtty, clrrn 1878 T'r<o•Jtaq tOC!/ di /armlil>~ '6ilh iabk aJtd ~;iltrlDt r!ld bticl tldM11r11fr0111 '4 • a 114 titr ~roe/p<nlt atTO.U UllW bay Jlar w lla1m. CllLrctLt Co1U1tv, IBSO 1882 f'Wo.srory britl /ttJllU of lftDd 1td •t.i.p/an• ..~111 iltltTID! t1ii,,.J1tp Tl:e "'""'~' porr:h a TOIJ tltLfa t ..idth t:ftM/.itilM ha.I s:mn ..wl lnacltts and balas:radt 71'~ brl "' tbr bltJldint "~" mt:M on ilu Cl111r ~11'1:1 loust lla¥>4'00d COIUIJJ lA:L I II UfllJl.1'1 r ... •r plt111 brW: ho1<u •iJ/I t l l"lpcrtA aucw/att:tk/ta:J:nfll tlt:fldr un.n ..w1 balllft~ KATUAH p:igc 4 tic stCOnd Jnri. \\uh the \\lute noise of the mas dream. loses its cnp!lcit) to protect nnd nunurc ubJCclt\C drenming 1 he contemporar1 mas nrclutccturc of dv.elhng reflects th1 ero 10!1 Demographics, technology. nd the market &re estabh hing n stnndardized hou ing thai fills an urb!lil or suburb:m topogrnph) \\hi ch ha been stripped of all indigenous populnuon!; and fe:iturcs. 1bc re uhing arrangement of nrchitccturnl values lea,es the dreamer (the subjecti\'e self) unprotected, unjustified, and nccidentnl. What has been deleted from contemporury mass architectural expression of the house i the sense nnd presence of the \'Cmaculnr, nn element essential to the protection of the dreamer. There nre two architectural clements of the vemnculnr house thnt ore particularly impon:mt to the protection of rc\erie and drcnming. lbese arc the heanh nnd the porch. Hoth v.crc corn istent features of the vemacular houses of the Kn1unh re ion an former times. ·1bc psychic mean mg of the hearth go fnr b:tck m time nnd the relationship of henrthfirc and drcnm consciousness have been discussed frequently in the poetry nnd literature of architectural meaning. The porch or verandah is n more regional nrchitectur:il feature. Jn its grander, two-storied, b:tlustraded fonns, it is derived from the semi-tropicnl, colonial, Canbbean nrchilecture or the 18th Century. Yet it wns always n feature of 1hc Southern Appalachian log cabin. It is n medinting space situated between the outside, the domain of energies expended in agricultural labor. and the cabm intenor, the domnm of energies regenerated in enung nnd sleepmg. h is n place of repose, n place for dreaming. The photograph oc:ompany mg th1 text offer a sampling of the nch leg C) of vemncul r hou es of the Kntu h region. 1t 1s a lcgnc) that •"' fnst d1sappeanng. These hou es that have protected generations of dreamer hn..·e themselves little protection from the descendants of the dreamers. , Wl~'TER 1987 8 �by Adam Cohen pbns nuke 11 casa to csnmac materials and to by out consttucuon sequence cffiaenlly. My uplllTmion nf building 1n Ka1Wih has been on a personal Incl as ...~11 as on a professiolllll lr:vel. My aperienu rangt.s from building for ma.timum economy to building for maximum luiury BUI 1hLre u a COmmJJn ft•cl111g I get from people n•eryonc de.sires a spucc 111 KIUc:h ro l1vt./111ly. To tmly e.rperitncc life means to live on orhtr lt\•cls bcs1dct the phylical. A /Mng Jpace llumlJ bt. bmh organic and J1exihlc ·it mmt l>e oble w grow and chan~ ro mur all of our nuds. Ir IS rhur fuUng of organic:, tccmorrucal arclurcc:turc rhar I strl~ f<1r 111 m)' wark, /n thu article I will 0U1l1M tlui lxmc.r of bmldmg as rcmpcrtd by my personal architectural phUosophy and practical, professional ~rkncu. But even 1hc best·latd plans run tnto wiforcsccn diffaculncs. 1bc bes& ~-ay 10 deal w11h this 1s 10 be flexible and to devise cn::ulvc soluuons.. If you choose to have a house dra't•lll for you, Rmcmbcr that 1he design proocss 1s yours. One can move walls on papcreauly, so 1akc dmc and uplore many options bcfon: dccidin~ on I rmaJ plan. To begin designing 1 dwelling, oullinc the needs the suuaure should fulfill, lis1 1he areas and livin& spaces desired. 1ncrc arc many ways to pu1 these spaces 1ogclhcr. Whal approximate square foocagc is desired'? Is a linglc·unit or multi·unu dwelling the best for the sile and the inhabitants? Would you late IO hve in a roundish, squarish, turtlc·baclccd, or free-form dwelling? How tall should the space be? Any lofts or second 5'0rics? Are ~J~n spaces « disunct rooms A house rctain5 the energy put into the builJ1ng. tnrusc the bullchn4 process w11h good energy rrum 1hc be4mning to stlllt the new dwelling off In the nght way. smNG Solar houses arc desirable in cvuy biorcgion in the temperate zone. The sun as hfc. Where I bvc in northern K.atiiah. I find lhat we need house£ 1ha1 are flexible. Our weather is iuch 1hat 1hc 1empcra1ure can swing .SO degrees Fin a 12 hour period. We can have snow on 1hc ground and 70 degree F 1empcra1ures outdoors an r:ebruary. 1'hercforc. my emphasis h:is been on houses 1h:11 cnn be easily hCllted as well as cooled. "Inc conditions in Ka1ii:ih indicate 1lu1 we need house.~ 1ha1 heat up quickly :tnd 1hcn rntha1c 1h:11 hc:i1 rapidly. As u rule of 1humb, site n dwelling 10 fnce wuhin 10· 12 degrees or solar sou1h to mnx1mi1.c solar uposurc. When choosmi; a sue, consider 1hc direction of the prcvnahng cold winter wands u well ns 1hc cooling !iummcr winds. but keep 50lai orientat1on 11S a domlnnn1 fnc1or because pl:tnungs and olhcr buildings can serve as 1o1.1ndbrcaks as the homcslead grows. Water supply must also be considered when choosing a she. A rchablc source of clean 1.1.1ucr is csscn1ial for 1 homestead. Gravity flow from a spring above the building site is the ideal shu11ion and lhc C3.Siest to develop. W11cr from a well or another source below lhc house can be pumped to a large reservoir above lhc dwelling to crate a gravity flow. Electric pumps nm bf AC po"'cr from the &rid arc the least dcsuablc way 10 accomplish 1his. Elccmc pumps powered by solar cdls are better, but !hey still arc high-1ech solutions. and they depend on a high-1cch future. Some appropriate pumping systems arc ram pumps. micro-hydroelectric (stt KJllli.aJ1 #4 ), wind·powcrcd DC systems, wind-driven compressed air sysacms, and my personal favorite, the bicyclc·powcred water system. WINTER 1987-88 A chcmical analystS IS worth the pnce dclcrminc the presence: or polluting chemicals or organic m:ucnali in the waicr supply. IO DESIGNING nm SITE Having found a site with solar exposure, wn1cr, and hopefully, 1 windbreak from the winier winds. m4kc a rough site plan to help decide where to locate the building. D111grnm 1hc she, pencilling in essenu:lls like fruu 1rccs, gardens. shop, sheds, animal houses, and p:isturc. I like 10 1h1nk of hvmg structures as p:in or cite landscape. connecting indoor and outdoor space. A wcll·planncd, m1CtCOnncctcd, outdoor IJllCC adds acsthetic: qualuy 10 a homcsle.ad. Our home is a central CCR lb1ICtUre dlll we coaanually arc . ddiftl small aaians a onto. J b1ghly recommcncl dus way of approaching design and buUdin1 lor the owner-builder. Tbc inhial suuc:ture can be C<Jm\'lcted durina the building 1C&10D to provide shelter for the wima. Additions can continue throughout the years following. This also allows rime 10 change design. Jn this n:sidcntS can occupy lhcir home as lhcy build It. Once a general idea of the nccdcd laving areas is clear, draw a "blob dll&rll1l" {sec diagram I) to show 1he 1ntcr-rcla11onsh1p of the d1ffcren1 spaces. The walls, floor, and roof mc~ly hold 1he no1hangness 1ha1 is the living space.The IClUal envelope which contains lhesc spaces can be any shape or fonn. The following hst of arc:tS, Starung from the loundatJon Ind wortcin,1 up, gives some ideas which can be used in design and bu1ld1ng These simplified d1sc:un1ons an: meant only to snmul11e and IO guide the reader's creative war. unagmanon. DESIGNING A DWEU.JNG Designing your own home is a delight. As a general rule, lhc less cxpcricnccd the builder and the mon: OUl5idc help lha1 is going co be ailed on. the more complete and thorough the building plans should be. A complcle sci of plans Includes dimensioned fJoor plans, clcvanons, and sectional drawings, IS well IS dc11ils ror tricky areas and elccuical, plumbing. and hcatin plans. ~o build a umber or ocher pre-cut house. a farm plan is necessary. If much of lhc consttuctlon is to be contnetcd out, complete plans will make lhe work much smoolhcr and much less expensive. Good • Clllldmued oa ma1 pop. KAn.JAH • PIF S �FOUNDATIONS In Katiiah the best foundation is mnsonry. For lo ngevity, bug-proofing, and structural 1megri1y, ~11he house on a stone, 0 block, or concrete foundation 16 1 24 inches deep. Unless the slopes arc very siecp or the ground is very \Oft, this is suflicient for this region. Having said this, I will add 1h:11 a time-honored Katuah foundation is debarked, v. inter-cut, black locust posts set about 30 inches into the earth with a n.11 stone m the bottom of the hole. This can be a very effective method for n quick beginning 10 a structure built to last 30 ye:in. or less. (Of course. posts can be replaced 10 extend 1h1s lifespan.) llus would still outlast most suburban hou~e~ constructed today. for these arc built to a 25 year life expectancy. My favorite foundauon is stone. Begin the wall 16 to 30 inches below the surface and build to whatever height is needed. Another easy foundation is the "grade beam" as used by Frank Lloyd Wright. If the site is sloped, instead of making one large cut, you might consider stepping the foundation in small cut-and-fill operations to save time and money (see diagram 2). Foundation insulation is optional, but if it is used, it must extend at least two feet below grade (ground level). Proper drainage is imponant 10 a lasting foundation. A foundation drain is standard. The site must be graded, so that water runs away from the house. If necessary, French drains can be located a few feet from the drip line in cases with Clltrcmc runoff problems. Photo by Adam Cohen Wood floors arc quite cozy and warm. Finished flooring can be laid on rough-cut joists and subflooring material. Planed tongue-and-groove finished floor is the most desirable, but an inexpensive and serviceable floor can be made by gluing and nailing well-dried boards 10 the sublloor. Should cracks appear between the boards, they can be pointed with grouL R..OORS There arc many types of flooring materials. If someone really wants 10 be "grounded," the easiest floor is din. Din and cement can be mixed for a durable floor. A plain concrete slab can be used or stone, brick, or tile may be laid on. Smooth creek rock makes a pleasing floor surface. If one spent one hour a day collecting small creek rocks, in two weeks one would have enough creek rock 10 do a large floor. If desired, the perimeter of such a floor can be insulated. Soapstone is the best flooring material for solar storage and radiance, in my opinion, and is readily available in Katuah. KATUAH - page 6 WAU..S Sundard "balloon" framing is simple, lightweight, and easy to cover. Use rough-cut or recycled framing rru1tcrials for the best price. My favorite wood technique for building wood-supponed walls is 10 use large, upright members and fill in with stucco, bricks, glass, bottles, stone, glazed block, bone, or anything else you can set in monar. Windows arc framed in with rough-cut wood when using this method. Masonry walls arc relatively inexpensive, if stone can be gathered for free. To speed up construction, a back-form can be used to give a wall that has one side stone and one side stucco (see diagram 3). To construct frce-fonn structures, use rcbar and plaster lath 10 create free-shaped forms on which to lay cement I believe this offers some of the freest expression available in architecture. It is important when designing walls to think about windows. l cannot stress enough how imponant it is 10 have as much glazing as possible on the south side of a home. The sun is vital, and the more of itS radiance we can bring into our houses, the healthier we and they arc. The north side of the building is the darker side and takes the STO!llE.--.... M~AP, fcD~ fL'('tl<X(? Z"4' ~- UP fO~M WINTER 1987-88 �The walls,floor, and roof merely hold the nothingness that is the living space. The actual envelope which contains these spaces can be any shape or form. brunt of the cold winter winds, so nonh-facing windows should be small and well scaled. East and west walls also should have windows, and these should be able to open to welcome in the cooling summer breezes from wherever they may blow. Window quilts are easy to make. They conserve wannth in the winter, if they are put up when the sun sets to keep the day's wanntb in and the night's cold out. It is also important to know that wiring, plumbing, and heating features may be put in the walls. These must be considered when naming. It is too late afterwards. 1HEROOF "Putting a roof over our heads" is not just a figure of speech. The house roof not only keeps rain off, but it can let light in, hold solar equipment, and shape the interior space. ln designing the roof, consider: Docs the house want skylights? How will water flow off the roof? Where should extra bracing be put for solar panels? What shape and how high should the ceiling be? There nrc many possible combinations of answers. I strongly believe roofs should not be flat in Katuah. Even a sod roof should have a slope for drainage. Flat roofs eventually leak. Wood frame roofs can be built on a flat or a curved plane. It is possible to frame a curved shape out of suaight lumber. Galvanized steel or shingles arc the most common roofing materials. Both are readily available and relatively inexpensive. I have buih some roofs with rcbar and lath using insulating cement covered with either concrete or a strong cement scaler. For a good discussion of roof shapes. I suggest reading The Owner-Built Home by Ken Kern and A Timeless Way of Bu1ldjng by Christopher Alexander (sec resource list, page 15). Windows may be obtained from old houses, a window factory may sell seconds, or a neighbor might have a few old windows stacked up in the back of the garage. Material hunting takes time, but it does not cost a lot, it is fun, and it results in a more individualized slructurc. Heating with water in a wood-fired boiler is the most healthy and practical system to warm a house during Katiiah's cold winters. Catalytic converters arc a cheap way to help the environ men" and I advocate their use on all woodbuming stoves. INSIDE OUT SANITATION I recommend the use of the passive solar composting toilet (sec p. 15) in combination with a grey water irrigation system to process human wastes. I strongly believe that the passive solar composler is the most efficient way to take care of human waste, cspccially in Katiiah, where the land is generally mountainous, and septic fields do not function well. The time is coming when many families in Katuah will handle human wastes in a methane digester. It might take the impetus of economic collapse to make it common, but the digester can compost waste and produce fuel as well. Septic fields and waste treatment centers are barbaric technologies and should be phased out in favor of cleaner, better integrated systems. The indoor/outdoor connection is imponant. I suggest the use of decks, covered areas, walkways, porches, living trellises, and other connecting spaces to draw inhabitants out into the fresh air and sunshine. An outdoor kitchen, sleeping areas, and living areas can be used most of the year. The more exposure to air and weather a person has, the more vibrant and healthy that person's life will be. All these aspects should be taken inlo consideration in the design and conslJ'\Jction process. What I have listed here is an outline of ideas and techniques. tf the reader is interested in further details and correspondence on any of these or other building ideas, please write me: Adam Cohen; RL I, Box 217; Oteck. VA 24072 HEATING How we get our heat is important to our health. Wood or coal stoves arc drying, dangerous, diny, and generally unhealthy. MATERIALS An important aspect of economical building is materials. The way to build 11 house for $3.00 per square foot is to choose a design that utilizes simple materials. Check what is locally available for free or for cheap. For example, in nonhc:m K:nuah the population is one-third of what it was in the 1930's. There remains a lot of empt}' structures which contain materials that can be recycled. Stone piles, brick, and glass can also be found for free or for minimal expense Local lumber mills have rough-cut lumber and seconds at low prices. Local building material factories may have inexpensive seconds as well. Auctions provide another source for che11p materials. WINTER 1987-88 Photo t:sy Adam COhen KATUAll ·page 7 �and interpersonal relationships develop. By reviewing a few design patterns one quickly understands how shelter shapes our daily life both practically and spiritually. Consider the one room poplar log cabin built on a stone foundation. When approaching this cabin one immediately feels a cenain rustic blend of the canh with the stone and log much as the mountain landscape itself. Take this log cabin and set it into the side of a mountain so that the earth covers the back wall, wraps the comers of the building, and gradually slopes to floor level on the sides. The front of the building is poplar logs on o stone foundatioon. From the top of the hill one looks down and secs the cedar shingle roof of the house and eanh. Walking around the front and sides of the building one feels a sense of wannth. The cabin appears to nestle into the mountainside. Windows on the front and side walls let daylight and moonlight into the cabin. We walk up the front steps 10 an open porch. It is winter. PostS and beams cover the deck, but the roof panels have been removed. The front wall faces due south, so that winter sun passes into the cabin. The prevailing nonhwest winter winds are blocked by a shelterbeh of white pines that were left when the forest was selectively thinned before the cabin was built. poplar I"~ walls moder.Ile lhc comfon in the cabin as "ell. Sp1mual nrchitccturc creates intu11ive space; ~pace \lthere interaction between structural and human clements takes place. Where the wall provokes new ideas, oot beC3use the wall speaks to us, but because the wall speaks with everything in the environment The ~r in the space is infused whh hght, heat, :ind moisture as byprodu1."1S of the physical surroundings. intensity of color, temperature, and humidity all in1CI11C1 to create a unique ambience of space. I breathe this ambience and it enters my bloodstream through my lungs. I view this body as my cabin. A certain quality lives in this cabin and the quality is a result of everything in it and around it A cool shadow wakes me.The late afternoon sun line angles off of my body, as I sit up on the slate floor. I get up and go wash my face in the kitchen sink in the southwest comer of the room. I am splashing sunlight onto my face, sunlight absorbed into tanks of water located off the southeast comer of the front porch. Water enters the tanks from a reservoir located about 100 vertical feet above the cabin. Gravity pressure gives the cabin plumbing a sLrong flow of water. An indoor shower is heated with solar energy when available, and a large outdoor tub is heated by a wood tire directly underneath. The overflow from the reservoir empties into a small creek that maintains a steady flow of water twelve months a year. Toward the bottom of the valley a rom pump pushes water back up to a second reservoir near cabin elevation. This second reservoir provides water for irrigation of a fruit orchard, a terraced vegetable garden, larger crop fields, 11 solar greenhouse, and assoned animals and poultry. Entering the cabin, one feels a warmth shining from the sunlight scattering across the slate floor and glowing from the coals of a masonry heater built into a central chimney that passes up through a cathedral ceiling. The stonework on the chimney is primitive and beautiful, and as l walk over to lean against it, l feel heat radiating from the stone. I tum and rest my back against the stone and press my palms against the warmth. The slate floor attracts me and my hand reaches for the sun-drenched gray. lt, too, is warm to the touch. Walkin2 across the cabin, I find the nonh wall refreshingly cool, as though the earth on the other side is touching me. I circle the fireplace a few times and strangely miss the feeling of comers in the cabin. An indoor-outdoor thermometer hangs on the wall - indoor temperature, 72 degrees; outdoor temperature, 15 degrees. The sun is high on this winter noon. Shelter can become more th:in just a place to stay warm or dry It also can be :in experience of emotion stimulated by our sensory responses. When we speak of "appropriate" housing or "appropriate" technology. the word "appropriate" has many levels of meaning. I may feel lazy, like taking a nap in this solar heat. That's appropriate for me. On a cold, winter day, I set a one hour morning fire in the masonry heater 10 heat up the chimney. That's it. Let the contoul'l> of the land. the movement of the sun and canh, and the shell of this mountain home follow their natural course. That is appropriate, 100. In my afternoon slumber on the wann slate floor, I think of summer. The sun will not touch the slate floor then. The roof panels will be in place so the south porch will be in shade. The dense floor will remain cool just as the nonh wall docs. Off the southeast and southwest comers of the cabin the hickory trees are in full leaf and they block out the hot morning and afternoon sun Windows on the cast. west, and south walls allow breezes 10 blow through the cabin. Ilidden an the ceiling framing is insulauon, the guardian of comfon. Heat from the sun passes slowly through the exposed roof and is vented through openings around the chimney. The Waste products arc disposed of in specific ways. Human waste is taken care of in an aesthetic, two stall outhouse. Grey water from dish, clothes, and people washing is drained from the cabin into a gravel-filled dry welJ just below the house. Burnable trash is used in wood burning, or incinerated. Plastic~ glass, aluminum, and other recyclables arc collected and delivered to tbe local recycling center. All of the energy systems reviewed in this cabin so far required no electricity for operation. Electricity is a precious energy form and should only be used where there is no other practical substitute. Refrigerarion and cooking are the major electricity consuming appliances, so in this house there is an energy-efficient LP gas refrigerator and a gas stove. Beller to use gns on site and utilize approximately 80 percent' of its available heat thnn electricity, which, by the time it gcrs 10 your house. only provides about 30 percent of its available heat. The solar clothes dryer is a fifty foot rope suspended between two poles. So the only major appliance needing electricity is the washing machine. Other than the washing machine, the house if outfiued 10 provide electricity for lights, stereo, computer, blender, and other small miscellaneous ncms. The creek docs not have enough flow of water to generate adequate electricity for a small hydroelectric system. and wind pauems are too irregular around the house site for a "'ind generator. The final choice for electricity generation is a photovoltaic system that generates electricity. The solar electric panels are mounted on the south facing roof pitch of the cabin and feed into deep cycle batteries, where electricity •~ stored and sent 10 the appliances ns direct current. So we have a simple plan for a mountain homestead. The basic energy needs have been met with appropriate technology, but the technology is incomplete without the human behavior to complement it. We live in an age of plastic and steel. Many of our daily needs are dependent on oil drilled on the other side of the world and automobiles built and assembled on two or more continents. One way to control the use of energy on the planet is to seek out ways to A MOUNTAIN HOME Wnucn lltld 11lustnlltd by Greg Olson Shelter is our tilter from the clements of wind, water. and sun. It lS also a ~work that shapes our environment The home is an enclosure of space where sensory experience conunual on 1'"£C 211 KATUAH - page 8 WINTER 1987-88 �A LOOK AT SOME HOMEMADE HOUSES IN KATUAH ... Madison County, NC Pho10 by Paul Galllmore Floyd County, VA A$he County, NC Watauga County, NC WINTER 1987-88 Photo by Rob Messick Photo by Rob Messick Floyd Coun1y, VA Joci<son County, NC Photo by Adam Cohen Photo by Adam Cohen Photo by Rob Messick KATUAH ·page~ �by Marnie Muller In considering your bomeplace, it is important to understand the earth energies of the place you arc choosing. Cultivating this sense of listening lO the primal energies of a place h;u been practiced by many culture~ over thousands of years. Aboriginal peoples still pay anenuon to these forces. There arc people in China who still consult with their culnue's t:raditionalftng-shui masters. Here in these mountains ofKatiiah, some oldrlmers and "newtimers" listen lo earth energies by means of dowsing n0t just for water but also for the more subtle earth energies. Presently, there is a call for a "new" geomancy in order to design human systems in alignment with earth systems. The ancient I Ching ( The Chinese Book of Changes) speaks of The Great Ham:>0ny. By perceiving the wider rhythms and energy nows of the living earth system in which we participate, we can team to harmonize our individual energy with the wider 'symphony' of place. In particular, in the specific place where we choose t.o live, we can find out about itS special energies-wind, water, light as well as the more subtle realms--and become pan of the process rather than a blockage to it "The id. a or movement of energies in e the earth, of the chl or the earth, and of the possibility of harmonizing with such energies is very old. Associated ideas of blood, water, breath, chi, spirit, circulation, machine, and organism figure here. A 4th century tcXt speaks of the earth, 'flowing and communicating within itS body as if io sinews and veins' (Needham, Scitnct and Civilization in China]. A 14th century text, of interest for current thinking about "universal planetary grid" or "earth acupuncture", refers to a "mysterious network" thus: (it) spreads OUJ and joins iogtther evtry pan ofthe roors of dll! tarth. ..Thousands and ttn thousands of horiU>fllal and VtrticaJ lltins liJce warp and wtft weavt lbgtther in muJual tmbraet ...Taking all (including land and sta) as earth, the stcrtt and mystery is thot the roots communicare with tach other " (Steven Post. Ralst the Stakes) Perceiving the Earth as a living, functioning being, our species can begin to redevelop a symbiotic rel.arionship with the specific eanhplace where we dwell Reacquainting ourselves with the ancient slcills of listening to the vibrant, subtle earth energies is a significant step in lhis process. Then as we live our lives, each aspect from homebuilding to right livelihood to ceremony... will more deeply reflect the undercurrent Life patterns. ; ,,# "In China, the dragon is a symbol of the electrically charged, dynamic, arousing force that manifests itself in the thunderstorm. In winter this energy withdraws into the earth. In early summer it becomes actjve again appearing in the sky as thunder and lightning." From I Ching, Tht Chintse Book of Changes Description of terms: Earth Htru: Energy emanatlng from Ille e:inh, dcieclible by b1otogical means (cg. dowsing) and physical means (with sensitive detection ins1111mcnis (cg. geiger countcrS)) though not normally obvious to the casual observer unless in an especially sensitive state. F1ng Shu/: A Chinese system which recognizes energy Oows and forms in the landscape. It 1J1Cludes mclhods of modjfying these forms 10 amclionue the "eneray climate" of a site. Ljterally. means 'wind/Wald. Grom1ncy: 1lie science of putting human habitalS and activities into harmony with the visible and invisible world around us. "Themes and concepts from architecture, gcomcuy, geography, cosmology, art, archaeology. mctrology, numerology, astronomy, astrology. surveying, religion, and mythology. all complex subjccis in !heir own right, t<1J1 be seen to have a common root in cenaio ancient pnictices which related them to a special place, lime, cosmic position and purposc •. .EV1dcnce from a great number of sources indicat.es that thclC is certainly aomcthing linking all these enigmatic fac.ts and universal practices, an age·old and venerable science which may be called geom1111Cy." ~!ck) Dowsiac: A means of delecting seemingly imperceptible obJCClS or subtle encrcies by the feeJjng of a rod Olf pendulum held m the hand. Traditional wattt divining using a farted haul rod is a form of dowsing which has provided evidence of sublle energies present at sacred sites. Gala: To the ancient Oreets, Oa.ia was lhe Eal\h Goddess. In more recent times the name has been utilised by James Lovelock to describe the entire bimyslem or our pbnet - all !ho pbnis ..... imab and fungi. plus the atmosphere. the oceans and the soil. The Gaia hypothesis suggests that the Eanh's biosySlem as ~-regulating; that. for example, 11 is able to conllOI ilS aunosphcric tcmperawre as well as the composiuon or the air, sea and soil so es to maintain the optimum conditions for the survival of life on the planet. Chi: 'brealh of nature' : basic energy ~ Sacnd Sites: Special eanh pbcea ""h1ch have the '-- ~ '- quality of bnnging an individual tO •more auuncd state with Nature. Often associated wilh having an abundance of "minus" (or negative) ions in the elccuanagnctic field. Eartb Acupuncture: A way of regarding earth energies whereby the living Earth is seen es an equivnlent of the human body m acupuncture terms, with the flows of energy along the meridians and with special energy centers or "ac:upuncture points". (Most of tltac tuwu Jul•c M•1t d~fuud ilt £.,11t; MJSUrlu: Alt l!J1plorator1 l11tro4Mttl.,. l1y BriDn lorkmms illtd Plul'P lfLUluHt.. P"'14'Md by IM Nortlt Eortlt/.fµ:.eriaCl'Ollp.) Suggested Reading: The Earth Spirit: Its Ways, Shrines and Mysteries. John Michell, Crossrond Publishing Co., NY, NY. 197S. The Ancient Scltnce or Geomancy. Nigel Pennick, Thames llld Hudson. Ud., London. 1979. Earth Wisdom. Dolores LaChapclle, Finn Hill Arts, P.O. Box S42, Silverton, CO 81433. 1978. Shu/: The Sci,nce or Sacred Landcape In Old China. Ernest J. Eitel with oommenwy by John Michell. Syoergctic Press, 24 Old GIOOCCSICr Sttt.ei. London WC I Engl:ind.1984. Feng "Geomancy: A Tawny Grammar", Steven Post in Raise tlr.e Stakes, Sprint. 1984 . Plllnet Drum FoundalJOll, P.O. Box 3t2SI, Snn Francisco, CA 94131. Gain: A New Look at Life on Earth. J.E. Lovelock, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1979. Tbe LMn1 Earth Manual of F•n1 Sh11I. Su:phc:n Skinner OUt or print. Nttdtcs or Stone. Tom Graves, Granado Publishing Ltd., NY, NY.1978. Tbe Divining !land: Tbe 500 Year Old Mystery or Oowslnc. Cllristophcr Bird, New Age Press. P.O. Box 1216. Blaet Mountain, NC 28711. 1979, 1985. The Ley Hunttrs Manual: A Guide to Early Tracks. Alfred Watkins, Turnstone Press, Ltd., Wellingborough, Nonh Hampton~ire. 1927, / 1983 / ~---- " • 14 ~~----~;;.uonbyM~M~l~-~ KATUAH - page JO ) I ~,~, \\\ WlNTER 1987-88 �Earth-Sheltered Living by Scott Bird From prehistoric Limes to present, human beings have lived sheltered by/within the Earth... in caves, within rock wwls and cliffs. and in earth-covered lodges and houses. In some pans of the world, members of tribes have gathered toge1her to build their homes in common, underground. Ciries housing thousands have been builL Stone age cave dwellers who used nruural cave forma1ions for shelter, pro1ec1ion, and temperature moderation, benefiued from 1he even tempero1ures of living within the Eruth. For example, the year round 1empera1ure in the Mammoth Cave in Kemucky is 54 degrees F. In many pans of 1he world today earth-sheltered homes are a common way to build and live, especially in China where over 10,000,000 people live in earth-sheltered spaces in the provinces of Shensi, Shansu, Kansu and Henan. Their earth-sheltered population has numbered in 1he millions for generations, where schools, workplaces, temples and shrines have been part of the underground landscape since the 5th century BC, complete with gardens on the roofs. The mountain village of Matmara in Tunisia is home to between 5·6,000 people where most shehers are underground. An open counyard connects the individual homes. Pedestrian tunnels connect different families of the tribe to the main social group. Rooms are built with curved walls and ceilings. In the center of each courtyard is a cistern which is used to collect and store water with a system of water pus. In Cappadocia, a mountainous, barren region in Turkey with severely exLreme temperatures, villagers have lived continuously in 41 under~round cities since the 3rd century. Some cities are built on as many as 10 levels and house 30.000 people. On this continent, the Pueblo Indian ruins at Mesa Verde in southwestern Colorado were hollowed-out cliffs built around 300 AD with rooms up to 80 feet in diameter. Other native peoples of the southwest built earth-covered winter homes and kivas. Here within the Katuah province, the Cherokee lndinns constructed earth-covered winter homes and lodges (see "Good Medicine," page 18 of this issue). Pioneer dugouls were built in the Great Plains in the late 19th century as white people pushed wesrward. Building materials were scarce, so grass and s:>il becl:me the simple materials with which the pioneer families made their homes. Though most of the structures were free-standing sod houses, which were vulnerable and shon-lived, some families actually excavated dugout shelters in the earth. Today within the area of the United States. it is estimated that there a.re between 4-5,000 earth-covered homes and an undetermined number of earth-benned or eanh-sheltered homes, that far outnumber those totally eanh·covered. Once again, it seems that eanh-covered and earth-sheltered houses are being accepted by the mainstream population. Eanh-sheltered homes today qualify for immediate financing and immediate insurance, and they have gain~ a high level of consumer acceptance. Earyh shelters ai:e ~mg built by many .ltl"OUPS of people: the punsts, the surv1vaJ1sts, the environmentalists, and ordinary citizens, who might live, for example, on the Great Plains, which are subject to tornadoes and proirie fl.res. And th~n there. are !hose who simply want to tower their home heanng/cooling bills. Earth·benning or eanh·sheltering means simply bringing the earth as high as possible around a structure on the nonh east, and west sides, leaving the south completely open to 'accept the w~th of the sun. i:tie Tf'Of is of conventional construeuon, though heavily insWa1ed. Earth-covued homes, however, entail significantly more expense to provide for extra load-bearing capaciry for the roof, complete waterproofing, and the expense of eanh-moving. People who choose to live sheltered by/within the Earth, do so for many iusons. In a house protec~ed by Earth, both winter winds and summer heat have less impact on the interior. The house takes advantage of the more even, moderate temperature changes of the Earth. Earth-sheltered buildings require less heating fuel and, therefore, relieve pressure on our over-extended biosphere and pocketbook. If planned carcfutJy, eanh·sheltered homes provide all the light and ventilation of an above-ground home. Eanh·protected homes are quieter, require less upkeep. are safer from natural and human-made disasters. They arc also less of an imposition on the life around them. EARTH SHELTER UNDER CONSTRUCTION NEAR BLOWING ROCK, NC. Dalaaed and built bJ Scott Bird. - continued on next page photos by Rob Musick WINTER 1987·88 KATIJAH - page 1 l �...................·.....·.................... ········· .... . ·continued from page 11 As you begin on the canh shelter path, the best place to start is your library. Begin reading about earth-sheltering, subscribe to a journal or two. Talk to others who have buil1 earth-sheltered homes in your area. Look for the pros and cons of each design. When you finally choose a home site, spend as much time there as possible. Get 10 know 1hc sun's path there, 1hc drainage patterns, c1c. Also spend time observing what wildlife lives there in order to determine how you will share the habitlt. Observe the wind pauems for your locale. Also begin an inventory of your land. Arc there natural wind fences on your land that will help to protect your homesite? What is your soil composition? The soil rypc will significantly effect the buildi~ process. What water is in the immediate area? Engaging a local dowser may prevent a lot of trouble and heanache down the road. Besides locating a drinking water source, a dowser can also detect shallow water veins as well as other complications that may be present to your possible homcsite. Resource List for Earth Shelter Construction and Design: Tiie llandbook of Earth Sl1elter Design. Make Edelhart. A Dolphin Book, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, NY 1982. This book is highly recommetUledfor purring you in touch with the Earth Shelter movement. Very clear and inclusive, lists earth shelter organizations, earrh shelter periodicals, articles on earth sheltering. books, films, as well as earth shelter designers, solar infonnarion by state, etc. Ear th Shelttred Housing Design : Guidelin es, Examples, and References. Underground Space Center, University of Minnesota. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.• Inc., During the energy cns1s of the I970's, people were drawn cowards 1he lower fuel costs of solar, superinsulated and earth-shehered homes. As the fossil fuel economy rebounded, in1erest in earth·sheltering slackened as was evidenced in a major earth shelter journal falling from over 18,000 subscribers to a present 2.000 subscriber b:ise. People once again misiakenly believed thal the fossil fuel supply was endless. Now as our economy faces 1hc possibilily of a major collapse, reliable, energy-efficienl earth-sheltered housing will once again offer an attractive op1ion. At the turn of chis century, Baldasarc Fores1iere spenl 38 years constructing/sculp1ing 65 rooms, courtyards, grouos. 11nd gardens beneath 7 acres 10 Fn;sno, California. The work was complete with atnums and rooms designed to catch 1hc sun. The rooms contained many forms of plant life including one tree 20 feel underground that was grafted with 7 differen1 kinds of citrus fruil. As Baldasare Foresticre's cffons within the Eanh were aesthetic as well as func1ional, we 100 can develop 1hc sensitivity to create a form of Eanh sculpture with our earth-sheltered home designs. h is also time in our hist0ry for us to re-establish a spiritual communion with the planet, and living in an earth-sheltered home is literally "close to the Earth." As a professional homebuilder, the best advice I can give prospective owners of earth shelter homes is to stay closely involved throughout the entire home construction project. Paradoxical as it may seem, special sensitivity is most needed during the initial excavation of the home site. This can make the difference between a site that looks as if it has been cleared for a shopping mall and a homcsite that has been carefully carved out of the Earth with respect and care. You, the owner/dweller, will be the one to know how the Earth looks and feels after the whole building process is completed. The solar warmth pcnncating a structure sitting in the protective lap of Mother Earth can make each day a joy whe~~ one chooses to live with/within the Earth. P" Scott Bird is a professio11al residential designer atUI builder of conven1ional atUI earth-sheltered homes in the Katiial1 region. He works with Appalachian Building & Design. I Earth -Sheltered H abitat: llistory, Architecture and Urban Design . Gideon S. Golany. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., 1983. Notes and bibliography in back of boolc are rich in research. The $50 and Up Underground House Book. Mike Ohler. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., 1981. Ear th Shelte red Homes: Plans and Designs. Underground Space Center, University of Minnesota. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., 1981. Construction information, plans and energy data for 23 successful earth-sheltered I~ A real bible/or ti~ Eanh Shelter fTl()vement, will help quiet fears and insecurities concerning earth shelter planning, design, building and living. Untluground S poc• Dept. of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Minncsoia, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Bi-fTl()nthly journal of the American Underground-Space Assoc. Natural Solar A rchitecture: A Passive Primtr. David Wnght. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc.. 1978. Wonderful. sensitive design with Earth, sun. and environmenl working rogerher Underline Underground Space Center, 790 CME, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Qiurerly Underground House Book. Stu Campbell. Garden Way Publishing Co., Charlotte, VT, 1980. The favorite of many. E n ergy Inform 3528 Dodge, Omaha, NE 68131 Complete bibliography of earth-sheltered writings. $5.00 1978. KATUAH - page 12 WIN'ffiR 1987-88 �..............·•• ••••·• .·~11 •• ••••••••••••••••.• •·•·• .......... •·•·•••••• •••••••••·••·• •·•·••• ..... ........................................... •·•·• ........ •·•·••••·•·•·•••·• •·••• •••••••••••••• -••• • ..::·· Through the whole spectrum of living systems, from planet Eanh to a living cell, the natural world is abundnnt in rounded fonns. Within this synergetic order the organizing principle of a covering, or membrane, that meets 11self around a nucleus is the basis of any regenerative structure. Found in anim31 bodies and the homes they build, as well as in the shnpe of plants, their seeds and the housing for their seed$, is this dynamic pnuern of a membrane with inward and outward curves being strong, insulative, protcctive, and interactive with environments. With this example human beings can build sheller that is in tune with these patterns and can rejoice in this resonance. Ovoid, spiral, polyhedral, and branching designs are a practical and pleasing alternative to many of the dull rectangular schemes we now employ. These ovolo lend themselves 10 many styles and uses as a way of dwelling wirhin surroundings. . '. ·: :: .. .• ·: .. .· (conUll!JCld on s-sc 18) .. :· .. ·. . ' ' '~ .. .: ' ':... © Drawings and Text by Rob Messick~ •/ wn-(rnR.. i'9s7:sil .... ········· ···· ·.. ··· ··· ··· ...... ,... ,. · ···· ····· ... ···.··· .. ······ ·......... ·· ····.... ··· ····· ··· ·.... ·.......··· ·· ··· ··· ···KA.ru.;.:1:i :·p~.&~ 13 �BRUSH SHELTER by Snow Bear As I.he autumn chill deepened into the sharp cold of winter, it was important for native peoples to have a place to keep wann when they were out hunting, away from their villages. By watching how squirrels kept themselves andtheir young warm and dry, native peoples learned the lesson of how to build a stick and leaf nest It was a good way to keep warm and dry without a fire. Here is a description of how to make a temporary, primitive brush hut similar to those of the native peoples here. The brush hut provides warmth and shelter from rain and snow, requiring no cordage or canvas in its construction. I have spent a comfonable 15 degree night in such a hut with no sleeping bag. When well made, it will shed heavy rain; snow laying upon it becomes additional insulation. It takes about I 1/2 -2 hours for a single person to make a shelter. Unden;iand, however, it is not a home or a workplace when made 10 cap1u~ body heat. An additional lean-co srrucrurc can fill the need for workspace; it can be made using the same method. The idea is simple: to construct a low shelter framework with dead and down branches and cover it thickly with leaf liner from the forest noor. Essential to the Structure is a strong ridge pole, at least nine feet long, placed wilhin the fork of a living tree, three feet off the ground. In the absence of a forked tree the proper height, I have used a strong, three foot forked branch leaned against a tree trunk and secured wuh long stakes pounded into I.he ground with a rock. Staning at the end of the ridge pole that lies upon the ground, stack branches up against the ridge pole. As you place branches, alternate from side to side of the ridge pole; the tops of the branches will interlock to keep the branches from sliding off the ridge and serving to anchor the leaves at the ridge. Remember to make the shelter at least twice as SfAKE 'flALL wide as your body: this will make a low, wide framework that will keep its leaves in heavy wind. Less heat will escape if your door opening is narrow and low. You can make a low door after leaves have been put inside by using two forked sticks to support a stout branch for a door lintel (see dingrJm). KATUAll ·page 14 Begin covering by using dry leaves. Always put leaves on the top of the side you are working on; they will settle in to the pince they are most needed. O>ver in dry leaves so thnt when you push your hand in to touch the stick framework, the leaves come up past your elbow. This is essential for n brush hut that will shed rain. Then, if available, use leaves (from beneath the dry, crackJy leaves of the forest floor) that are maned and compressed. These can be lifted off the ground like shingles. Start at the bonom and lay them in rows, overlapping each row. If any funher anchoring is needed, you can use branches. laying them upright as you did to make the frame. To stay wann in winter weather, further insulation is needed. Fill the inside with dry leaves, then wriggle in and roll side to side until the leaves are compressed into a "mattress". Do this at least four times to get a mattreSs that will stay 8"-10" thick when you lay upon it. Then fill it once more with leaves (pack them in!) and crawl in. To funher retain heat, you can weave a door plug with thin green tree branches. After you crawl in, pull the door plug closed from inside and pile leaves against it You may need to leave a vent :11 thc top or the door plug. Spend many hours in practice before you rely upon your skill for your well-being. This is true of any primitive camping skill It would be good to make at least six shelters before testing your skill on a subfreezing winter's night. The consequences of a mistake in building your brush hut could be hypothermia and death. Building a brush hut is bu1 one of many vnluable skills the old time Cherokee practiced; they were a people who could stay warm, dry, well fed, clothed, nnd comfonable with nothing but a knife as their basic tool. May we keep these skills alive, that our people may live in,,.; # strength nnd well being. ,P' Wll\.'TFR 19R7-811 �Resources on Build ing & Design: Books: I.ow-Cost, EntrtY Cfllcltnt SMltu for tht Owner and JJulldtr, Edited by Eugene Ecch. RO<ble Press lnc , Emm3us, PA 1~9. 1976. Furoctmtnt: Bulldlnt with Ctmtnt, Sand. and \Virt .Hnh, Sunlcy Aben:romb1c. Sc hockcn Books. NY. 1977 Tht /Jousts of Mankind, Cohn Dul y. Thom:is and Hudson, NY, 1979 Arrosanti, An Urban Laboratory, Paolo Solen. Avant Books. 191!4. Natural Solar Auhltuturr: A Passil'r Primtr, 03vid Wright , Environmcnul Architect. Van :>;osunnd Reinhold Co.• 1978. Tht Tao Of Archllutuu, Amos th T1ao Chang Princc10n Univ Prc.~s. 1956. Tht Tfmlftu \Vay of Building A Patttrn longuagt Tht Oregon Expufment ChrislOphcr Alexander, Cl al. Oxford Unrver.ity Prc..<;,<;, NY. From Tht Ground Up, John N. Cole and ChNI~ Wing. L1Ulc, Brown and Co.. 1976. Tht Stcond Old llou1t Catalogue, compiled by Lawrence Grow. Universe Books. NY, NY, 1978. &mh Shtlttr, David Martindale. E.P. Duuon, NY. 1981. Passive Solar ArC'hlttcturt- Loglc a nd Btauty, David Wright and Dennis A.Andrejko. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1982. An Agt of Barns. Enc Sloane Ballantine Books, NY. 1967. l.og Bultdtrs l/andbuok, Drew Lang~ncr. Rod31e Press, Emmau~. PA 18049 Shelttr, Shelter Publications. Mounuun Boot..s. P.O. Box 4811. Santo Barbara, CA 93103, 1973. Tht Vittait as Solar Ero loty, Procttdings of Tht Ntw Alrht1t11 Thrtshold Gtntrir Dtsign Conftrtnrt, E.Wlc.d by John Todd and 1':inc)· Jack Todd, The :'\cw Alchemy lns111u1c. 237 Hatchvillc Road. East Falmouth. MA 02536, 1980. llandmadt 1/ouscs, A Guidt to /ht Woodbutchu's 1t r1, An Bocricke and Barry Shapiro. Scnm~haw Press, San Franci"Co, CA. 1973 Tht Compltte LOI I/oust Boole, Do le M;inn and R1ch:ird Slmuhs. McGraw-Hall, 1979. Building tht lltwn I.of lloust, Charle~ McRoven Thoma~ Y. Crowell Publishers, NY. 1978. llandcrafted Doors and Windows, Amy ZolTarano Rowland. Rocblc, 1982. Mud, Spac1 and Spirit: 1/andmadt Adobe, Virginia Gray, Alan Macrae, & Wayne McCall Capra Press, Sllllta B:irb:lra. CA. 1976. A Goldtn Thrtad: 2500 Ytars of Solar Archittcturt and Tuhnoto11. Ken Buui and John Perlin. Cheshire Books, 19n. Fantastic A rchlttcture: Personal and Ecctntric Visions, Michael Scboyt and loost Elfers. Harry N. Adams, Inc. NY, 1980. Tht Owntr Built llomt; Tht Owner Built Homestead ; Th t OM •ntr Built Homtsttad Rtvisittd, Ken Kem. Scnbners, NY. How lo Malet Eltctrlcily from Wlnd,\Vattr and Sunshlnt, John A. Kucd:en. Tab Boob, Inc., Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214, 1979 Rtin habltl ng CitltS a nd Towns : Dtslg nin1 for S us1ainability, John Todd w1lb George Tul.cl Planet Drum Foundation, P.O.Boit 3 I2S I, San Francisco. CA 94 131 Ptrmaculturt Ont. Bill Mollison and Da-.d Holmgren , 1978. Pumaculturt Two. Bill Molljson . 1979. Tagan Books, P.O. Boll 96, Sunlcy, Ta~mania. 7331 Austmlia. Dwtlting, by River, FrceslODC Publishing Co.. 1974. Pe r iodicals: Adbbt Ntv. s, P.O. Boll 702. Los Lunas. N\1 87031 Ntw Shtlttr Magaunt, 33 Ea~t Minor Street Emmaus, PA 1!!049 Altunatiw Sourcn of Energy. 107 S. Ccntml Ave .. Milaca, MN S6JS3 New England Builder. The Journal of Light Construction , P.O. Boll 278. Montpelier, VT 0.5(,02 FiM llomtbu1ldin1. Thc Tauton Press, Inc., 63 South M3in StrccL Newtown, CT 06470 Fine Wood Workin1. lllc Tauton Press. Inc .. 63 South Milin Street Newtown, CT 06470 Thi! Solar Collector (Soon to be The South/ace Journal of Energy and Building Technology). Published by the Southfnce Energy Institute. P.O. Box S506, Atlanta, GA 30307 PASSIVE SOLAR COMPOSTING TOILET The typical live gallon flush IOilet consumes approitim3tcly half of a household's conswnpl.ion of water. This is about 12,000 gallons of waier / pu person I pu yea to carTY 165 gllllons or body waste co the place or disposal . What rcsulis is: • Large amounis of valuable and sc:arcc pure drinking Wlller is used • Ground water and surface water is polluicd • A useful, natural fertilizer is lost • Energy-inicnsive nnd costly waste ucatmcnt plnnis must be constructed • The disposal of sewage sludge cau~ further pollution problems We assume th:lt by nushmg and forgetting we have solved the problem, yet in l'C3lity we have only created several new ones. The watcrlcu composting toilet is 11n alternative to these problems. ll uses no water. thus chmmatlng massive consumption used with Oush L01lcts The <;i-lf.eonUlincd sy51Cm protects ground Md ~urface wai.ers from conLDmmat1on. and valuable nu111ents arc coo,·cncd into a s:in1tary nch humus lhal can be applied directly to the orch:ud. MUmCnl3ls. and the garden. With solar fC3llltCS, 11 needs no additional or outside source of enctgy to complete the decomposition, nnd there arc no mechanical or moving parts. Because of thi~. 11 needs very hule ml\inlCD311CC nnd l'CqWICS no additional Cllpcn5CS after the original mst11llauon .. Watct conservation equals energy conscrvalJOn m that no energy is nocdcd to pump. store, or purify waste. Compo5ting toilets arc a part of an appropriate technology m that they renect a low-cost soluuon to local problems. They are simple co build and mam1:11n: nnd can be constructed from locally available materials. WINTER 1987-88 Scx,.b.\>I :5 .·. · C.IW11'E:Y ·: " .: lllc toilet conslSls of a c:oocreie block vauh with a sloping "air s11u-case• system (sec diagram). The org:lllic was1A:S move down the St:lll'CISC at a rate that will insure aerobic dccomposlllon by the time they reach the final storage chamber. Aerobic decomposition means th:lt the ocg:inic materials a.re breaking down in the presence or oxygen. The compost pile is aerated in three ways: Fir;t, the incoming air stream 1s prchC3lcd by the flat plate sol.3r hot air collcc10r (eliminating the noed for an adcbtio1131 power $0UtCC). and brought undeme:llh the "steps" of the air ~talrcasc so th31 the au can Cll'Culate from the bouom and on up through the center or the pile. Second. the air is conducted through the slotted and perforated four inch PVC pipe ducts that run through the center of the pile. Third, air nows over and across the pile, ovnpor:ating citccss moisture and pulling olT the carbon d1oudc. The solar chimney drives off the air c1rculat1on system for the compostct by allowing the sun to heat the air in the black vent si.ack. thus causing a n3tural draft . The warm air rises by natural convection and in tum pulls more air through the colleci.or and through the compost pilc... the cycle goes on. Also. u's 1 mponant to lldd af1tt C3Ch U5C a scoop or "dry Oush" materi31 nch in carbon, ~ch as &Tl.~' cilppmgs. sawdu~1. leaves. peat. and 111ood ch1J>l' You're building a working compost pile here so you need enough fibrous mlllCriJIJ to miit with the wastes to keep the pile loose so n1r cnn circulate through. All odors arc released through the solar chimney which ensures the bathroom is free from odors at all tim~. The humw; which is remo"cd 1s ooly live to ten percent of the original volume as 9Q.9S percent will be transformed 11110 carbon dioxide and water ,.apor and rcle:iscd through the 'cnt. It will l3kc 3J'Pr0llma1Cly two ycatli for the f~t decomposition pcnod, then with the continuous proce.~s. three to icn gal Ions or humus will be produc.xl per pcrsonfpcr year. generou~ Dct:uled blueprints an: available for SIS.OOfrom Long Branch Environmental l:ducanon Center Route 2. Boit 132 Leicester, NC 28748 (704) 683 3662 KATUAH ·page 15 �Review of Rua Sims Quillen's October Dusk JULIEANNA Bi' Timber, Mon1:1113; Sc•cn BuIT:lloc:; Press; 1987. 26 p:igcs This collection of twenry-thrcc poems is as invumg a.s a cool front porch in summcnimc Md opens to the l"C3dcr a ~orld of Appalachian place, culture, and ritual. In Quillen's poems we arc rooted in a place of apple buucr IT\:lking and calf binhing; a place where people look to the seasons to tell them what work needs to be done. Herc arc hard laboring people who draw such conclusions as 'The potatoes from the garden/ lie scattered in the grass./ Tomorrow we will son them I and store them for winter." This dedication is an intimate and loving gesture which leads the reader to assume the couple in the poem, who sit on their front steps after a hard day's wcrk and whose "eyes meet in the fading light," arc lhc poet and her husband on their own fann. Such intimacy is typical of Quillen's poems and is neither offensively confessional nor self-indulgent, but rather comfonablc and interesting-a glimpse into a panicular Appalachian family's world. ln these p<>cms rich in Appalachian culture, we notice the effects of ume. Sometimes we sense the new imposing itself on the old, as in "Time To Go". Here an old woman sees a countryside overtaken by "multi-level houses"-symbols of the new "American dream". But she also observes young people taking over an "aged" farmhouse and "trying to live in another time": ... solemn young women in earth-colored clothing I chop wood and raise chickens." She realizes that people !Oday arc facing a "hard time," perhaps too hard, and she knows she has lived long enough. We often see old generations passing, as in "Julicanna", in which "Mamaw" sits by the window and recalls her past, not sadly, but acutely: "She can still smell I a hot kitchen full of men I after a hard day ...." She sits with her granddaughter, sometimes thinking she hears her late husband "Paw I saying 'Julie' I and she almost answers." Such moments in QuiJJen's poems are poignant, tender, but rarely, if ever, repetful. They are ultimately not regretful because Quillen sees renewal in the passing of time and people. The poem "Sunday School Lesson" (dedicated to the poet's son) investigates the notion of new generations replacing the old, as the mothet' ponders "how each of my children I resembles someone long dead .•.. /The boy is my father I reborn I with red hair." I find this poem comforting and a beautiful and quite appropriate conclusion'° the collection. My favcrite poems, however, are those that deal with Appalachian ritual, as in "Revival", a poem which depicts a child's perception of an old-time church revival, an event filled with ta1Jc of fire and brimstone and infused with the Holy Spirit ("Many moaned, cried I said Yes Lord"). The child is confused and " [runs] out of the shadow into the clean nl&ht air". The poem doesn't pass judgement on the revival, but certain! y captures the mystery of the ritual as seen through a child's eyes. A second of Quillen's poems set in the church, "Meeting House," offcis a touching glimpse of another country ritual: counship. In this poem we find z.ekc Bays riding his "spooked" mule into a church service. It's not the event itself, despite its quirkiness, that gives this .J>OC:m its reason for being. Instead, the hean of the poem lies in its theme: the discovery of love. While Zeke apologizes fcr his actions, he keeps his eyes on Anna Compton, a young woman in the congregation, and this gesture signals to everyone, including Anna. what Zeke feels for her. They all know that "Zc.ke [will) be the one I to teach her about loving, I sing little songs to her in the dark." These "little songs" arc the essence of romantic love and will be as sweet, no doubt, as that dark countty night when Zeke will sing them. What I ultimately find most appealing about QuiJJen's poems is her use of the concrete, her interweaving of crisp illlllges that l can visualize and metaphors I can savor. In her poems is a mngible world where one sees a "spring burst of white blossoms", and smells "A musry sweat smell" of a crowded country church, and hears "little chimney sweeps I (that! cry in the blackness". This is a living world, the poet's own, J suspect, that she has opened to her readers. We are invited in for a while, and here we can discover, ponder, and, I think, enjoy ourselves immensely. Mamawfin1Jlly swps 11Jlking She siis birdlike by the window on a green vinyl chair. Her toothless mourh opens, closes collapses right inlo the face. Her hands circle slowly around and around as she talks, every ~·ein dark bltl.t and swollen. I warch and wait can'r take my eyes off her. Siu: keeps glancing ar the clock on the mlllllel then back at me. Eyes dull like old window fXJlll!S stare oUJ the window 01 yestudays w/u:n she worked wirh Ju:r /'1llJll in steamy fields. She remembers her babies, rwo alive and grown, rwo dead at birth blood coming out their ears. She can stifl smell a hot ldtchenfull ofmen after a hard day, feel her own light, quick srep move sure through ti~ gardi!n. Someti~ she thinks she hears Paw saying "Julie' and she almost answers. We sit together while the old 1111J11Je/ clock ticks loud, louder. Ouiside the quaner moon, the least lighl ofall, hangs in the air resting lighlly then like that last spoken word. OCTOBER DUSK The evening dark falls all around me, iJs warm bl'eaJh casts a shadow on my face. Sitting 011 my front steps, I am a candle flame drawing moths and moS41'iu>es, holding the mo~nts in my cupped hands. He sils quietly /:Ty~. memories ofthe day's work swift moving cowr shared lilcefall leaves in the yard. The pol/JJQes from the garden lie scanued in the grass. Tomo"ow we will sort them and store thunfor winter. His hand rests on my neck as he slowly stands. He off the other dirty hand us to help me up. Our eyes meet in the fading lighl. We go inside, surrendtring to nighl, d1t: sm411 ofeanh still strong. - Julia Nunnally Duncan KATuAH ·page 16 -------------------.,WINT;-;-;::;:-=E=:R:--:1~9-:::87::-·:-:88 �October Dusk by Rita Sims Quillen MEETING HOUSE When Zeke Bays rode his mule in10 church the sweating preacher froze open-mol.UMd in the middle of a Bible vuse and the sranled men rtoched in rheir coaJS fo r tlu! guns they left at home. Aunt Becky Summey fainted 011 tlu! women's side, a crowd rushed around her as Zeke struggled wilh the mule, its flat hooves senin~ up a deafening echo on the rough plank floor. H What in tlu! \'.'Orldr S1Jmeone said. Zeke meanJ co answer bw the mule walked sideways and jarred a pewfull of deacon's wives. Anna Compron hid a s17Ule untkr a~ whit.e hat when ZekefiniUly managed to steer the mule toward the door. She watclied his hard, dark anns pull aJ the rope. noticed that full and STllOOth mouth, tlu! long eyelashes that made people say he was too pretty fora man. Pausing at the door, Zeke apologized/or himself and his wild, spooked anUnal. said lu!'dfu the door. Everyone tw7red to sr.are QI Anna becm.ue he looked QI her as he talked. She ~d red as her 111/)tWs tinnias. She knew; he did, too. Now everyone probably saw ii: Zeke would be the one to reach her aboUI loving, sing liltJe songs to her in the dart. COLLAGE TIME TOGO Tire old woman spits amber StilT$ in the dust standing on a long road leading nowhere except Elmwood Hills Subdivision where ""'1ti-level houses stand mtJSt/y empty save for the Nnuican dream <fwe.r bars, color1V, and pool tables. And on down the road a piece a lane mOlk l1y VW buses pressing down tlu! grass leads wan agedfarmhouse where rusty bu.eke.rs carch waur from the roof and solemn young women in earth-colored clothing chop wood and raise cAfcAzns: living, walking memories trying w live in another time while the old woman keeps si/en1 waJch She holds lu!r breath, st.anding and ware/ling between the IWO there in the stardusr rood, pocks her jaw with more tobacco. She's thin/clng what a hard time they will all have and congratu/ares herselffor living just long eno11gh. WINTER 1987·88 I hold the dl.m picture close to the light. The background ls faded: an old man's silhouette on a barnwall. black On 8rtl)'· a shaft of white sun slashing his face. He holds a bale of hay on his left shoulder, expruslon dirta dueEast- overlapping with the tiny grantlson in the foreground lying Ill the crib, seemingly soulless in that sl«p beyond remembrance known only to the M\'.born and rhe dead. Yet surely there nwsr /lave been ho~d puffs ofair passing through rhose he.an-shaped lips, the soft body rising with eoch breath.. The missing lin/c is the old man's son the baby'sfarher out ofthe picture somewhere where f Qlhers always are, leaving me to wonder about JUm, impatient wilh my owA curiosity. Ile is1ust another man, seed bearing seed. Why do I go begging for meaning in rhe accidenUJI double - expos11re? KATUAH - pa!!,e 17 �In the old days "shelter" meant just that: a place to sleep and to get out of the weather. A building or a structure was not a place where people spent their ·whole lives, as it is today. Jn a modem city, people go from one building - where they live, eat, and sleep - by car to another building where they work, and then go back again. They even exercise in a building! Only incidentally do they get out into the open air. These people live in a completely anificial environment. They regard the natural elements as inconveniences to be avoided. When I was a boy living with my grandfather and grandmother, we would take all the doors and windows off the house in April. By the end of May we had moved the wood cookstove outside under a liule shelter, and my grandmother would cook out there. We also slept outside. We did not have tents or sleeping bags, so we slept under a liule brush arbor we built to keep the dew off us. We slept there until thunderstorms or a wet spell of several days would make us go back inside for awhile. We lived oucside and did everything under the brush arbor and under the O'CCS until the last pan of October. Then, when the leaves fell, and it swted to get cool, we would put the windows and doors back onto the house, move the cookstove back inside, and Stan 11 up again. But even in the wintertime we would use the dogtrot, which was a wide, covered passageway between the two pans of the house, as a place 10 shell beans. whittle or carve, make baskets, or work on other projects. We would eat there in summer when the weather was rainy and we had company. Folks would always visit and socialize there. Out there it was alright 10 smoke or chew tobacco and spit. When my grandfather was a boy, his grandfather was living with his family. The old man was a strong influence on the boy, telling him many siorics about how the Indian people used to do things. That is why my grandfather always liked the idea of houses with cane mat walls, the way they were built before the white settlers came. He used to say that building a structure that lasted beyond one's lifetime was a burden on the Earth. Back before they were all cleared, the river bottoms were full of thick-growing river cane. The cane was an incredible material that was used for many purposes. One of the main use:. was to m:ike $iding for the houses in the villages along the river bouoms. The women wove the split cane into mats that '"'ere ~even feet tall and six to ten feet long. These were hung on a framework of poles stuck into the ground in a circular pauem. Other poles were lashed across for bracing and 10 suppon roof rafter;. The roof was made of bundles of broormcdge grass. which is waxy and oily and repch water. These were bound in place to make a thatched roof. In this way the people could build a dry structure 1n a very, very shon time. If the mats were still good in the fall, they might roll them up and use them again. In some of the larger, more permanent villages like Peachtree or Old Echorn, they would daub the cane mats with clay. In the smaller villages they would replace the mats every year and never daub them. One time when we walked across the field where Old Echota was formerly located, we found chunks of hard clay that bore the imprints of whole cane leaves and stalks that had been pan of the old houses. They also would build small towers in the fields among the com and squash plants. Kids would take rums standing watch in the small buildings 10 head off marauding animals and 10 throw stones at the crows. The old com-cribs were also built off the ground. They were made of thin poles and were well-daubed with mud. Every crack, even around the doorway, was tightly sealed to keep rats and mice out of the gnin. They put up com, beans, and dried pumpkin in pots and checked their stores frequently. The only permnnent structures were the town house, which was built on a mound at the center of the village, and the asi 's, or hothouses. An asi was a family storehouse, guest house, sweat lodge, and winter shelter. They were eanh-covered structures that were built on the surrounding hills above the fertile bouomlands. The asi was low and na1, usually constructed on a slight rise to help the water run off. They were made of wood, usually locust trees. Medicine people often made their asi's with seven sides. the sacred number, but families usually nude them square, 12 by 12 feet or JS by IS feet. according to the size of the family. The: basic log structure was covered with mats, then broomsedgc would be placed on top of that, and then soil would cover that. Some of the older asi's had grass growing on top of them, but the locust never roued, and very rarely would they ever leak. In the summenime the asi would be used for storage or to house guests if the family had clan \isitors. although the town house was also used for overnight lodging. The asi would also be used for sweat lodge ceremonies. A family would move its thi~gs out, and they would heat up a pile of big rocks in a large fire outside and carry them into the asi. A lot of people could crowd in 10 sit around the steaming rocks. The sweat lodge was one of the - continued on page 28 KATIJAH - page 18 WINTER 1987-88 �'The Grear Spirit did not give man the right to destroy this great life." (ucuptsfrom a ra/A: ta the bled btar conftrtnct by Kay Littfr)Ohn. a Chcr'1Ut Indian} My fotlu!r 011d grandfather and their grandfathers before were asked to speak on behalfof our animal relatives, which were rapidly disappearing in their times: the snail darter, the ivory-billed woodpecker, the passenger pigeon, ti~ CoroliNJ parrot, and 1.lte list goes on and on and on. Each one of my ancestors wlro spoke om against the destruction of our relatives. saw that tire native people of this country were placed here by the Great Spirit as caretakers. We see this great gift of mind 011d creativity as something we use 10 share witlt all those two-legged, four-legged, winged, water, and root creotiues. We see ourselves as something not set apart from our environment, but as a pan of the whole ..... There is hope in me tltat thest people who hove removed us as caretakers will see the responsibility that we all share. I om responsible/or pollwion, the disappearance of the animals and plants, for hate, and prejudice, as eoclt and every one ofyou are. Our people were swept aside with tire j11stijicotion of "manifest destinyH. This archaic expression was used in tlte post to ju.rtify cruel and unjust acts. This some plulosoplty exists today, when it comes to the nvo-legged, four-legged, roots, and insea creanues Let's not let "manifest destinyH be the ckstruction of al/ life. The Great Spirit did not give man the right to destroy this great life Great Spirit, my prayer is for Yonoh, 01u brother, ti~ black bear. Concern for the black bear (Ursus omericonus) in the Southern Appalachians drew over 200 people to the Owen Conference Center at the University of Nonh Carolina al Asheville on September 29 10 hear a schedule of speakers presenting different perspectives on the present and future condition of the black bear and its mountain habitat. The conference was sponsored by the Environmental Studies Program at UNCA, the Southern Appalachian Black Bear Federation, Long Branch Environmental Education Cenrer, and Klu.UBh. The presenting speakers agreed that the black bears had survived intense pressures, but that the species faced even more difficult times in the near future. caused primarily by the ever-expanding human population. Opinions differed widely as to the nature and the projected impact of these pressures, but the mood of the conference was one of guarded optimism that if people of different points or view could work together, the problems facing the black bear could possibly be averted. As Dr. Michael Pelton, professor in the Depanment of Wildlife, Fisheries, and forestry :11 thc Univer.;ity ofTenncssec said in his keynote address. "We are sitting on the last major long· term population of the WINTER 1987-1-iR THE FUTURE OF YONAH, THE BLACK BEAR black bear in the Southeast." He said that the indigenous black bear population had by its remarkable adaptability overcome the threats posed by the massive deforestation of the Appalachians by the timber industry in the early years of this century and the chestnut blight, which wiped out the American chestnut tree, the bears' most stable and abundant food source. "Diminishing habitat has without a doubt been the single most imponant factor that has impacted these animals," said Dr Pelton. "It is unlikely that any new habitat will be created," he said, and called for policies to proteet and maintain large blocks of forested lands in the Appalachians for the far-ranging black bear species. "More miles of open roads and forest management policies that decrease hard mast (acorn and nut) production will lower the carrying capacity of the forest for black bear," said the biologist. "Roads affect bears either through direct monality or by bears having to shift their habitat to more marginal areas, making them more vulnerable to monality. A road policy must be clearly defined and strictly enforced. That is very important to the long-term stability of the situation. "We also need a management strategy to perpetuate and stabilize hard mast production in the Appalachians. This means long tree harvest rotations to allow oalc trees long-term mast production when they reach maturity." Roben Zahner, professor of Forestry at Clemson University, underscored the need to encourage the different oak species in the mountains. "At this point," he said, "When we're talking about bear habitat, we're talking about acorns. "Oak trees are showing signs of decline in different areas, and there is some reason to believe that atmospheric pollution is an influence." Zahner also warned of the approach of the gypsy moth, whic.:h has the capacity to defoliate whole forests and is moving toward the Southern Appalachians. There is no way to predict what the elfcc.:h of the moth infes1ation will be on the black bear, but the larvae or the insect prefer green oak leaves, and it will have a strong negative effect on the mast-bearing trees, he said. In light of these pressures to come, Zahner advocated extending the roration age of trees; implementing a strong oak regeneration program; and keeping large blocks of forest land intact to cushion the effects of future pressures on black bear habitaL Lauren Hillm3n, wildlife biologist for the US Forest Service, said that "population management is a second critical factor for the future of the black bear." Citing population studies in the Pisgah-Nantahala National Forest, she said that "monality is at or approaching its maximum sustainable limit..... Population in the Pisgah-Nantahala National Forest is probably not declining, but the population appears to be characterized by a preponderance of animals in very young age classes." This affects the availability of breeding females necessary to keep the reproduction rates up to the level of occurring mortality. Shortening the bear hunting season or pushing it back later in the year tends to protect females, who go to den earlier than the males. A bright spot in the conference was a report by Kei1h Langdon, resource management specialist for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, who spoke of promising results in the the breeding of blight-resistant American chesmut trees that one day might be able to reinhabit the species' former range. New genetic techniques developed by researchers affiliated with the American Chestnut Foundation have produced encouraging results in eitperiments in Minnesota, said Langdon. John Stokes, storyteller and musician, and the dancer Zuleika presented on Iroquois Indian story about the bear. In closing, Stokes said, "We have only one statistic to offer you. That is that we arc 100% sure that the sumval of the black bear is not a question of number-s, but a spiritual question." pfll' KATUAH- page 19 �NATURAL WORLD NEWS FIGHTING THE BIG BURN IN CALDWELL COUNTY by Barbara Kirby (from a talk before t~ WNC A//iQJICe) For nearly 1wo ye:irs the people of the Mt. Hennon Community near Hudson in Caldwell County, NC have been involved 1n an intense fight to get rid of a hazardous waste incinerator on nearby Lick Mountain. The history of the incinerator goes back 13 years to 1974 when the county decided it would purchase the equipment to burn hazardous wastes trom t.:aJClwell and surrounding counties. Caldwell is a m.'.ljor furniture producing area, with a lot of noxious wastes as by-products. In 1975 a fire in the incinerator plant forced its closure, and the county officials decided that they were not qualified to operate the facility. It was leased it to a man named Charles Foushee, who began Caldwell Systems, Inc. (CSI). Charles Foushee is the man who operated the Mitchell Systems incinerator and was unceremoniously thrown out of Mitchell County a year and a hnl r ago. In 19&3 the county commissioners agreed to renew the CSI lease for 25 years. There had been complaints of odors, smoke, and pollution, but they were low-key, and few people had been involved. In 1985 a man named L. C. Coonse began serious opposition to the waste incinerator. Following his lead, a group of people organized as Caldwell Concerned Citizens for a Clean Environment. Their first act as a group was to ask the county commissioners to form a study committee to investigate the incinerator and determine if any health hazards did in fact exist Since that time we have met with continuous obstruction. The study committee was started eventually, and they have done an excellent job with the aid of hired legal and environmental expcns. The study committee found several instances of unsafe operation of the incinerator planL As one example, the manufacturer of the incinerator reoommends that it bum no more than 1,882 pounds of hazardous waste per hour. But the operators go by the state regulations, which allow them to bum 4,018 pounds per hour. The incinerator bums 22 million pounds of waste per year. Halogenated hydrocarbons, a very serious health hazard, are burned at the plan1. On August 22, 1987 phosgene gas (also known as mustard gas) was released into the air. Several Mt. Hermon residents were stricken by the vapors. KATIJAH - page 20 Numerous employees have been sick, and one person is probably going to die from injuries sustained there. Caldwell Concerned Citizens has continuously pressed the county commissioners to do something. We have pressed the state. The state has been very reluctant to work with us. They have started studies and refused us access to the data generated. Our group has raised $5000.00 to do our own soil and water studies, all of which have shown contamination. The county commissioners have been under tremendous pressure from the state Natural Resources and Community Development (NRCD) and others to lceep the incinerator open, because since the closing of the Mitchell Systems plant, it is the only commmercial hazardous waste incinerator in the state. We have found that part of the problem in regulating a hazardous wa~te incinerator is that there are very few regulations. So tho incinerator operators can truthfully say, "We meet all regulations," but that does not mean that they are not hurting anythUig. In October, 1987 the srudy comminee finally recommended that the Caldwell Systems incinerator be closed. At a meecing on November 2, the county commissioners said that they would ask CSI to leave. The announcement was met with cheers from the more than 400 people in the audience. The commissioners continued by saying that they would allow CSI to sell its business and equipment to another company. They did not set a deadline for when CSI had to be ouL They did not tell us who would be the new buyer. They did not say anything about cleaning up the area, which in Mitchell County was a job of several months duration. A near-riot ensued after that announcement. and the commissioners left under the protection of lhe sheriffs departmenL The outcome of all this is still not clear, but there is cause for hope. At a special meeting on November 9 the county commissioners voted to temporarily close the CSI plant. The final result still remains to be seen. Citizens is an orRanization of mountain people just like all of us Their experience shows us that we can learn what we need to learn w deal with these issues. Ir's as simple as chal.") SMOKIES WILDERNESS BILL PASSES THE US HOUSE N.wnl World News Service A bill co-sponsored by Rep. James McClure Clarke of NC that would officially declare 90% of the Great Smoky Mountain National Parle a wilderness area has won unanimous approval in the US House of Representatives. Wilderness status would protect the greater part of the Park from road-building or any olher development. This bill formally ratifies the past management policy of the National Park Service and gives it the force of law. The House bill authorizes a payment of $9.5 million to Swain County, NC and forgives a $1.6 million loan to the county by the Farmers' Home Administration to redeem a promise made at the Park's inception for a road to a family cemetary located at Deals Gap within the Parle limits A similar bill, S. 963, has been proposed in the Senate, sponsored by NC Sen. Terry Sanford and Sens. Sasser and Gore of TN. Sen. Jesse Helms has proposed countering legislation in the Senate that would cut the amount of land to be put into wilderness and authorize the road to the cemewy to be built through the Park. Congressman Clarice expressed optimism about the Sanford bill's chances in the Senate, saying, "I think this is the best chance we have to get this controversy behind us. Everybody, even Senator Helms, feels that the 23 mile. $400 million road to the cemetary will never pass the Congress." (Taylor Barnhill ofthe Western Nonh Caroli/Ill Alliance says, "Barbara Kirby is not an environmental ex:perr. She is a school librarian ar Maiden Elementary School in Catawba Coulll)', NC. Caldwell Concerned WINTER 1987-88 �CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON THE MRS Nlllllnll Wmld News S.S-.a POACHERS CAUGHT; POACHERS CONVICTED Acting on an anonymous tip, NC wildlife officers caught and charged seven men with bear baiting on Mackey Mountain near Manon, NC. The seven appeared in McDowell County Oistnct Coun on Nov. 9. Four of the men pleaded guilty to bear baiting, which is illegal in NC, and were given a minimum fine of $250, a suspended jail sentence, and lost all hunting privileges for two years. Two others contested the case, but were also found of guilty of the same charge. They stated their intent to appeal the decision. The remaining case had not come to !rial by the end of the day. The poaching !rial was monitored by the Southern Appalachian Black Bear Federation, which is initiating an active program to discourage poaching in Katiiah. 'This is the most flagrant case I've ever seen. They've been doing it all summer." Frank Pennell, enforcement officer for the NC Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) in McDowell County told the Charlotte Observer. Responding to the tip, wildlife officers investigated the baiting site, which was just outside the boundary of the Mackey Creek Bear Sanctuary. The officers found enough snack cakes at the site to fill two bushel baskets. Cellophane wrappers from hundreds of other snack products littered the ground around the area. The bait was placed by the poachers to lure the bears off the protected sanctuary lands, so they could set dogs on their trail and run them in unprotected parts of the Pisgah National Forest. When the bears would finally be shot, they would miles from the incriminating bait site. The actions of poachers threaten the stability of the black bear population in the Southern Appalachians. Poached kills go uncounted in bear population management statistics, and poaching from the state bear sanctuaries violates areas that are set aside to provide females a safe breeding ground for a core population to maintain the numbers of black bears in the mountains. Defend the bean! Write to: Ass'L District Attorney Sandra Pugh P.O. Box 2143 Marion, NC 28752 Tell her that you arc watehing the bear poachers' appeal case and that you care about the outcome. If any signs of other poaching activity are seen, one may call the WRC "Wildlife Watch" number, 1·800-662-7137, to repon known or suspected violations. Confidentiality is assured. It is dangerous to personally intervene with poachers and far safer to call wildlife enforcement officers. Compiled 111 patt from o uport ur tlw CharlOlu Qbrmz, The US House of Representatives and the US Senate are on a collision course on crucial high-level radioactive waste legislation. ln the House. a move toward a momrorium and independent review of the nuclear waste management program is being led by Rep. Morris Udall (D-Utah) and Rep. Jamie Clark of the NC Ninth District. The vehicle is HB 2967 which would institute a study commission to review the actions of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and halt any funher site selection work for the two planned high-level nuclear waste dumps and the MRS (Monitored Retrievable Storage). which the DOE would like to site in Oak Ridge, TN. Senator Bennett Johnston (D-LA) is pushing Senate Bill 1668 (the Johnston-McOure bill) that would authorize an MRS. The MRS would store 80-90% of the nation's high-level nuclear waste. If Johnston were to succeed in his efforts, Karuah would not only be threatened by the MRS, but would be one giant step closer to receiving the second high-level nuclear waste dump in the Ellc River geological formation, just outside of Asheville, NC. Congressman Jamie Clar.Ice; US House of Representatives; Washington, DC 20515 deserves thanks for sponsoring HB 2967, and NC Senat0rs Sanford and Helms; US Senate Office Building; Washington, DC 20510 need to hear from people in the region who do not want the MRS and 1hc high-level waste dump. fA PAC AGAINST THE COMPACT •• Nlllnl World News Service The NC Political Action Committee to Dump the Compact has been formed to elect legislators to the NC Senate and General Assembly that will withdraw the state from the Southeast Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, which plans to dump 32 million cubic feet of radioactive waste in the state over a 20 year period begiMing in 1992. The group is planning to mount a strong campaign around the state's May 3 primary and November 8 election in 1988. Contact the organization at: P.O. Box 26071 Raleigh, NC 27611 FOREST SERVICE PLAN UNDER APPEAL - AGAIN! NllUnl World News Service The Western North Carolina Alliance (WNCA) and the NC Chapter of the Sierra Oub have both entered fonnaJ legal appeals of the Pisgah-Nantabala 15-Ycar Management Plan to the Chief of the US Forest Servicein Washington. The WNCA is filing on the basis of several violations of the Forest Management Act of 1976. The act requires that forest management be done on a site-specific basis, that management promote biological diversity in the National Forests, and that multiple-use management (which includes water, wildlife, and recreational needs as well as timber harvesting) be practiced. The WNCA in its suit says that the Forest Service is not considering management practices based on conditions at individual sites, but rather is making blanlcct prescriptions for clearcuning in all pans of the forest. They cite the Forest Service for managing the forest to promote a few selected varieties of trees, rather than promoting the wide diversity of trees found naturally in the Appalachian hardwood forest. The suit goes on to say that the widespread practice of clearcutting destroys protective cover, old denning trees needed by many mammal species, and mast-producing trees necessary for many species' survival. The WNCA favors uneven-aged timber management by means of selective cutting. The WNCA suit also protested the extensive use of prescribed burning by the Forest Service, calling the practice "excessive and environmentally damaging." The suit mentioned in particular the controlled bum that was triggered by dropping napalm in the Mica City Creek watershed. Both the Sierra Club and WNCA suits called the Forest Service to task for making many below-<:<>st timber sales. saying that the agency did not, in the words of the USDA, "accept a considerably greater burden of proving that a below-cost timber program is necessary." The Sierra Oub lawsuit also charged the ForcSt Service with projecting excessive road building into the 15 year plan. • continued on next page WINTER 1987-88 KATUAH-page 21 �- continued from page 21 RECYCLING CENTER OPENS AT ASHEVILLE LANDFILL Nannl World News Scrviee DUKE POWER MOVING IN ON THE MOUNTAI~S N-1 World News Scsv..,.. Duke Power Company is planning to scour and nood 1,200 acres on Coley Creek in 1hc heart of the Jocasscc wa1ershed 10 build a reservoir for a pumped s1oragc hydroelectric project The watershed is in the sou1hcrn reaches of Transylvania Coun1y, NC, jus1 above the South Carolina st111c line. The Horscpas1urc River, which was rccen1ly inducted in10 1he National Wild and Scenic River System, and the Whuewater, 1 hompson, and Toxaway rivers now through the area. The Jocassce Watershed is currently undeveloped and unspoiled. The well-known Foothills Trail crosses I.he area, and it is home to the endangered Oconee Bells flower and several types of rare fems that grow on I.he north-facing sides of some of I.he many waterfalls in lhe drainage. Two colonies of lhe green salamander, rare in this re~ion, live on Coley Creek. But the high nunfall and abrupt chan~cs in elevation that malcc this a unique area m the East also make ii a prime area for hydroclectrical development Duke Power has submit1ed a draf1 application 10 I.he Federal Energy Regulation Commission fora 2,100 mcgawan pumped s1orage facility that will cost $3.3 billion to construct. Plans call for a dam to flood the main valley and two or three side valleys and coal-fired electric plan1s that will produce energy 10 pump water back uphill during slack pcnods. A new road is proposed from NC Route 281 10 the cast side of Thompson Ridge - a 1,000 foot drop over nine miles - to transpon heavy equipment to the Coley Creek sile and to maintain the project. The Jocassec Wa1ershed Coalition (JWC) has been formed to oppose the flooding of Coley Creek and to press for inclusion of the Whitewater, Thompson, and Toxaway rivers in the federal Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The JWC is comprised of citizens' groups, cnvironmcn1al groups. and individual landowners and hunters tha1 use the watershed. They arc being aided by the Sou1h Carolina Wa1er Resources Commission, which, fearing damage to tr0u1 fishing waters, is urging protection of I.he rivers in I.hat state. 'lhis is going 10 be a mon:: difficult taSlc than saving the llorscpastun::," said Bill Thomas, co-chair of the JWC, "because Duke Power has owned the land since the 1960's." The JWC is suggesting to Duke Power I.hat providing incentives for energy conscrvarion 10 reduce overall electrical consumption would be a cheaper alternative that would possibly obviate the need for I.he Coley Creek dam. Utility companies, par1icularly in New England and the Pacific Northwest have been using this option to avoid installing nuclear power plants or other unsightly and polluting electrical generating facilities. Research has shown I.hat it is twO to four times cheaper to invest in energy conservation in preference to energy generation. At a meeting with Duke Power, JWC representatives proposed tha1 1he company hire a consullant 10 do preliminary research into the possibility of invesung in energy efficiency as a possible option. The company refused. "It seemed like a prcuy good idea to us," said Thomas. "parucutarly since a consultant would only cost $30,000 as compared to the $3.3 billion budget for I.he Coley Creek project." The JWC 1s requesting that Katiiah residents wrire to: Tommy Rhodes NC Depanment of Natural Resources and Community Development P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 2761 I to ask that I.he 1hree rivers of 1he Jocassce Wa1crshed be placed immediately under state prorection. To contact the Jocassec Watershed Coalition, wricc: Gil Leebrick c/o Highlands Biological S1ation P.O. Drawer 580 Highlands, NC 28741 Duke Power is also deepening its involvement in the mountain region be buying out the Nan1ahata Power and Ligh1 Co., which provides electricity 10 1he five wcstcm-mos1 coun1ics of NC. Veronica Nicholas, a county commissioner of Jackson Coun1y. NC and tong-time activist in citizen struggles with Nantahala, calls this process "changing masterS." She observes, "By adding Nantahala's area and resources and developing the pump storage facility in Transylvania County, Duke Power is a-ying to create an in1cgrated generating system. I think they're loolcing to a time when they won't be able to rely on nuclur power." The Buncombe County Board of Commissioners, with the support of Quali1y Forward, has opened a recycling cen1er at the Asheville landfill, located seven miles north of Asheville on Highway 251. Clear glass, colored glass (brown and green separated), newspaper. corruga1ed cardboard, and aluminum cans may be recycled. The cenlcr is open during regular landfill hours: 8:00 am-4:30 pm, Monday-Friday and 8:00 am- I :00 pm on Saturdays. The usual landfill tipping fee of Sl.25 is waived ror up 10 10 bags of garbage for !hose who bring four bags of recyclables. II has been estima1 that up 10 ed one-lhird of all solid waste can be recycled. Recycling to this cxtcn1 in Buncombe Coun1y would depend on other recycling 1echniqucs as well as 1hc recycling area at the landfill. Curbside pick-up, on-si1c separation, and small, local commercial recycling businesses would all make recycling more convenient and profitable. The remaining two-thirds of the genera1ed waste could be composted, 1umcd into fuel pellets, or compacted and landfilled. All lhesc methods arc currently in use elsewhere. The Asheville landfill recycling center is a response on the pan of citizens to the idea of mass-bum incineration, which is one waste-disposal technology under consideration by the Buncombe County Commissioners. The major advocates of incinera1ion arc mega-industries trying 10 comer 1he SIOO billion spem annually in I.his country on waste disposal. Incinerators arc the most expensive solid was1e management technology a community can choose. They arc expensive to opera1c, involving massive inputs of non-renewable fuels, and repairs have proven 10 be devastatingly expensive. There are also major heahh and environmental problems involved in incineration. Fine particles of lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese, antimony, tin, and other heavy mc1als arc released in the incinerator smoke. Dioxin, the mos1 highly carcinogenic of the synthc1ic hydrocarbons. has been identified in significan1 amounlS in incinera1or gases and ash. The ash i1sclf is slated to soon be designated a hazardous waste by the US Envtr0nmcntal Protection Agency. Although a small s1cp, the recycling center at the Asheville landfill is a start toward bet1er waste managcmen1 practices and deserves resident use and support./ WINTER 1987-88 �A CHILDREN'S PAGE Underground House - Abigail Bird, Madison County, NC Under Water House Sarah Reany Floyd County, VA I would have a big house under the ocean and you got there by going through a door in a house on an island. My house would be shaped like a big mushroom. I'd have a big window on lhe top or lhe ocean to get sun power. And I'd have a fire at the bottom or my house and a boot and I'd have a bumblebee for flying away. I'd have a big flower so the bumblebee can drink. j J ( 11..i Mn 1 .: ..... h" (; .m ifJ v f 11t 1.1t1 ~ ,t u1~t -t11e 9n"vtn../. ti! ..>. t.l.."l'OU..9"' Ofltr( 5LiJQ - .... flJ1Jl. lC j()(:;.o h 1..s B td __ _ Underground House - Michael Flowers, Madison County, N / WI NTER 1987.:88 KATIJAH ·page 23 �Dear Friends • DRUMMING LETIERS TO KATUAH Ko.lWth 1s still a\ good as alway\, but I do agree it Y.ould be a i;ood idea to keep the old format. I'd hate for ~omc folk~ to i;et left out becau~e the price Y.Cnt up. Ju\t some or the feedback I've also heard from some people who enjoy looking forward to the ne:itt issue. Keep up the good! Tara Cla)1on Rougcmc:nt. :\C .....Thanks for a great fall issue. In response to your question: I'd rnthcr sec )oU mainl3in the ine:\pcnsive, rccycleablc newl>print. Keep up the good Y.Ork. Jeanene (Cabanis} Cashiers. t\C Dear Friends • Let me tcU you what I feel is important in my life: I stan a fire by spinning a wooden spindle. In doing this, r re-enact a ritual that transcends the bounds of time. Smoke curls from powdery, hot, black dust, and I am re-establishing my link with nature through an act of primitive humanity. I skin the gift deer with a stone knife I made, and butcher this friend who has given life for continuation of life. Eating this sacred food cooked on my fire, I realize that the deer is inside me and becomes pan of me, and I become pan of 11. I wear clothes made from this deer's skin, and. as I move, the deer moves with me. We arc one. 1 bathe in the stream, and the life blood of the Mother Eanh cleanses me, and again I sec the connecting link between my being and all of the universe. By panicipating in a primitive life, in immediate contact with the natural (real) world, I find comfoning, meaningful relationships with all of my relatives in this universe. I have lived outside for over eight years, nunurcd by this primitive exi~tencc. During thi!> apprenticeship with nature, a chief activity has been the use of natural materials for appropriate "Earth Skills" technologies to make a lhing, following techniques that natives have used in this area for over 12,000 years. I feel I have learned something valuable. and I want to share it. I have found how useful "Eanh Skills" arc in connecting humans and nature and stimulating spiritual insight, :ind I te.ich these methods to others. "Earth Skills" are life suppon activiucs through which people involve themselves in nature, primiuvc technologies, and primitive thinking processes. In the barren realities of modem American life and thought, "Eanh Skills" arc an avenue to understanding another way of perceiving the world and developing a foundation for spuituality based upon interaction with the natural world. On the surface, making a bucket of tree bark seems practical only because it provides a wild woods container. But in our day and culture, the experiment has a much more valuable benefit: we gain a very strong perception and understanding of a connecting linlc with the foreSt and with the primitive skills that our ancestors depended upon. By experiencing the physical connection, we arc opened to appreciate the spiritual value of the event. Leaming "Eanh Skills" relates an individual with the na11ual world to produce a craft or ~riml!nr that brings a person to the awareness of the connectedness of all things, humans included. •Earth Skills" lessons arc inherently spiritual. I never need to mcnuon the word "spirituality" or to scare conscrv:mves with phrases like "change m world view." The latent revelations, connections. and meaningful guides need never be anicul:ued. They just happen. "Ennh Skills" give a strong, practical foundation for under.;tanding spiritual realities by sharing Y.ilh the spirits of the wild places. Eustace Conway 602 Deerwood Drive Gastonia, NC 28084 KATUAU ·page 24 Durable magazine format vs less durable newspaper format · I'll opt for qunlity in either presentation. One awaits Katuah eagerly each season because of hannonious weavings of philosophy, issues facing our Mother Eanh, teachings to share, verse to stimulate ponderance, etc. For me the present format works!... .. Bern Grey Owl Raleigh, NC I'm making a prayer I'm gathering the kindling I'm making a prayer I'm clearing the way I'm making a prayer I'm striking the flint I'm making a prayer Lhat will illuminate that will warm or cedar and oak Of maple and pine Of coming Logether I'm making a prayer because iL is time • Colleen Redman Dear Editors: We have high praise for the Fall 1987 K1IiiA!L and its excellent anicles on the black bears of Southern Appalachia. No bear species anywhere on Eanh can survive without local and regional suppon, and that suppon depends primarily on what people know about bears and their needs. Your issue on the bears of the Kau.iah Province is a landmark step toward meaningful protection of bears and their habitat in your region. As planet Earth becomes less inhabitable as a result of traRically misplaced national and international priorities, the b:mle to keep p3tlS of Earth, habitable for wild bears will help prcscIVC the health · and life - of the planet as a whole. Keep up the fine work, because we arc all in this together. Sincerely, Lance Olsen President, The Great Bear Foundation Missoula, MT W1NTER 1987-88 \! �Dear Editor - While on a hurried VJSll Alar. your l.J.NJfturtd !M. At tlir" bthtst )IOll btc~ my ad\/Usary BtctJJ<U )'Oii .,.f:rt blood brotJo.u IO myfo~r llibc I Ww -,Ollr tlto1111w GS )'Oii p11rswd IM, I could 110t li111u to std 110rvislrmt111. 011 ONl on. yo11 pllTswd IM. Soon I 1rtw wtak, nut to tartlt. Ytt wht11 -,011 slew this body. I did llOI dit. My soul tlldiutrlt. to the new library at Appalachian Suue this past week, I chanced to see the notice of the upcoming symposium on the black bear in Nonh Carolina. It occurred to me that you might find the enclosed poem, "Nemesis," appropriate at this time. You will recall that Wilburn Waters was noted as the famous hunter and hermit in the White Top section of Nonh Carolina. He was credited (?) with killing 108 bears as well as many wolves and other animals. J became interested in his story when I learned he was my great-grent-grc:11-uncle. Rev. M.D. Han raised the funds and built the monument with the imposing black benr on top. I visited the graveyard where it srnnds this past summer, and it is still standing in good condition and has numbers of visitors each year. It is located near Lansing, near Tuckerdale. The symbol at the bottom right of the poem is the Cheroke word for Yo-nu, the bear. Sincerely, Mrs. Ruth Trimble '----------------~-~"""' E11t11tually )'Oii too. my bro/her. wtrtftlltd by rht inaor~ 1umd of mortality. NEMESIS Once./ was as you wert. A m1Jn tal/ and proud. Ordained by the GreaJ Spirit 10 toll OJld :t'*'l!al so 1ha1 I mightfted upon 1/itfruits of my labor. In thtfv.l/nessoftlme I beCDml! ll'l!Oritd by tht constant struggle 10 sustain lift. Encwnbtrtd by fau.• I langtd 10 be lilt:t tht Btar • frtt to roam DI will. gathtring the berrits and mast. I grnv faint with my disconttnl . Tht GrtaJ SpiriI ltntw my OJlguish. Maniftstiltg I /is arcant power I It gra111td my heart's dt.wc OJld cJiangtd mt into Btar, c/ollting me in long si/Jcen hair. I was Yonu, mighliesl of tht crcaturts. None challengtd my right 10 bt Yo11 lit tnto!nMd high on this /ouly kMll. Mtnftlt ltd to trtet an effigy of me· froztn ill rime • ovtr your grave 10 show rtsptct for your prowess. They tOd /IOI perceive thtir efforts wert dirtcrtd by tht Great Spirit and nor of thtm.ttlvts. I. too. ha11t rtsptctfor -you, mybrothtr. but I SIOJld htrt not to honor you. Rathtr. I stOJld guard 10 OJlChor your spirit firmly ill rhe tarth until Yonu rerurns unw his own 111 rht secret dtpdis and NXlows. Ohly thtn w1/l I relinquish my vigil so thal your spirit may ristfrom its fc11us and soar .,.;,h """' 111 the etastlw harmony of rhe Uniwrse. Ulllil )'OIL We reprint two ofthe pomufrom the Drumming section of last Issue. A typographical error changed the meaning ofone, and two verses ~e inadven0t1ly lef1 ow ofthe other. Our apologies to the poers and to our readers. Ajirs1 rule of survival in any region is to stay on 1he good side of your IDcal poetS! The Lessons of the Hunt Persimmon seed, I am•... let me glisten in the sunlight to paint you colours, gold, bronze, amber forever. let me be free 10 grow to bear.... to w3tch my young sway, to grow, to bear. let me not lay on the cold, damp ground trample me not for the Earth is my food and the sunlight my wonderment Persimmon seed, I am .... betraying no man. - Bun Grey 01111 Wouldst learn the lessons of the Hunt From those who know them best? Then one must go to marsh or wood Where hunters seek their prey. "Patience" says the stately Heron As it stands in the shallows, Waiting for a fish or a frog To obligingly swim by. "Concentration" says the Heron As, one slowly moving foot at a time, It stalks A shining minnow. "Patience" says the tiny Jumping Spider As it dans along a vine, Its huge front eyes alert For an insect's telltale twitch. "Concentration" says the Jumping Spider As, forelegs el(tendcd, It takes aim At a foolish fly. ''Patience" says the coiled Rattlesnake As it lies beside a log, Waiting for an unsuspecting mouse To follow its accustomed path. "Concentration" says the Rattlesnake As the mouse scampers closer, For there can be But a single strike. "I see and understand," say I "And thank you for your gifts. Now I can tre3d the inner paths To seek my own prey, Truth." © Douglas A. Rossman WINTER 1987-81! KATUAH · page 25 �An Appeal At the turning of this new year, we would like to express to you some thoughts and feelings about the Katuah journal at this point in its existence. We have been gratified at the expressions of love and support that have come in from readers and friends from all over. Our primary goal is to have KatUah be read and used. We see the journal as a way for each of us in the region to share our learning experiences, as we all try to find a balanced, harmonious way of living in these mountains. This element of sharing is very important in the ongoing process of us growing together and growing into the land. Katuah is produced as a collective effort of folks from around the region. ( Most of us live several hours apart from each other.) While some of the original members have been continuously involved, the editorial circle still opens and reforms after each issue of the journal. Doing Katuah is a demanding task that requires a lot of time and offers little material recompense (but, oh, such rewards to the spirit!). Most Katuah jobs are volunteer (though a few arduous tasks like bookkeeping are compensated). Katuah does offer expense money like gas and telephone calls, but simply getting to the various meetings and to layout is a big demand on people who are working for a living. This is taking its toll on the editorial collective. We would like to be able to maintain the journal at the standard it has come to reflect in the course of the last few years. By breaking the job list up into smaller pieces, we could make it easier for everybody, while bringing more variety and excitement to the pages of the journal. Opportunities are available to participate in the Katuah adventure. With added input, the journal could not only continue to exist in its present form, it could expand its functions in any direction the participants wish to take it. Besides help with actual production and lay-out, Katuah also needs writers and artists (and, of course, cartoonists!) to work with the journal or to submit material relevant to the region. The more submissions there are, the more variety and interest in the pages of Katuah. Even if submissions are not about the selected theme for an issue, they could fonn the nucleus for a future issue of the journal. Also needed are: - An advertising manager. who could bring in needed revenues for the journal, but also help Katuah consciously encourage a regional marketplace by spotlighting biorcgionally beneficial business enterprises. - A "Webworking" editor, who could work to encouraie trade and barter between people, help oottage industries to develop, as well as ftnd interesting and creative additions to mnlce a Lively individuals' ad section. - A distribution manager, who could help get Ka11iah out onto new store shelves and magazine racks and help keep up the network of community contact people. - Additions to the poetry committee that evaluates submissions and guides them into the pages of the joumiJ. - There is also a niche for a person or a committee to keep track of the Katfiah T-shirt sales and offer books, tools, stickers and other bioregional pamphemalia through the mail order system. - A calendar editor, who could compile a definitive events Iii.ting and perhaps transfo"" the "Calendar" section into a sun-moon-forest-garden-people almanac, creatively showing the upcoming cycles for each season. - Someone to be Natural World News editor, one of the vital sections of the JOumal. At present it is a patchwork of material picked up as we go along. This section needs an on-going editor to stabilize news presemations. keep in touch with contacts, add depth and continuity to our coverage, and become kno""n as a regional news conduit. This is a position that could become an important one for shaping news coverage 1hroughout the region. We have ulkcd often about expanding NU/Ural World News beyond the p3ges of the journal, but it would lllkc a person or a group with vision and commitment to actually make ~mething happen in this area. �1"tNttR. TRAVEL tNG "R.OUNDAJJOUT ~'JUA1l " It has also been a fond hope that Katuah could develop interest groups 1n areas of importance for b1oreg1onal life. People sharing a common interest 1n certain broad areas could meet independently, at first to see that their area of interest gets adequate and incisive coverage m the Journal, but developing into regional "think tanks" to develop and deepen bioregional thought on their chosen topics and perhaps to publish independently of the journal. Forestry and Wildlife, Water, Energy, Agriculture and Regional Diet, Healing, Education and Personal Growth, Sustainable Economics, Shelter, Bioregional Theory, and Spirituality are topics that have already been suggested, but any aspect of the new Appalachian culture could be treated in this way. Thinking bioregionally opens up new worlds to our mind's eye and our heart's touch. It's a participatory experience. If you think KatUah as a journal or as an idea is a useful form that helps you relate to life in the the Blue Ridge Province, help us help it to grow. If you can see your way to doing it, jump in. Share the excitement of a group venture, and join us as we seek to better understand the mysteries of this place. Blessings upon you at the turning of the year's wheel. - The Kstush sta"/ 11as wt.nter t wifl he traveling tlirou9l1 Xatunli to botli broarfen anc! aeepen tf1e biore9ionnf network tl1ougliout the province. t wi([ travel as extensi.vely as time and rcsotuces permt.t. 1he purpose of the trip is to hudd up tfie Xatuah cli.stributwn/local contact people network. and to strengthen tire two - way communication between the journal cma the communities of the reljion. tf you woul'cl like me as a representative of Xatuali to visit your area, q you woul'cl like to arrange a m eeting (!ar9e or small, pubUc or private) to talk about our region, if you can offer a floor to s~p on as t 'm passing through, please write and let me know, so we can taa. specifically about the trip 's timing and schduling. We can tf,o mutings or discussion 9roups about b!acft, bears, nukes, !and use plans, or any of the sugtjeSud "special interest areas ". We could hole! beljinnf.ng semf.nars on the meantn9 of the wore£ "biorel]f.on " and our own unique area. IVe could tell stories about clra9ons and the Uttk people. IVe could p!alJ drums. IVe coulc! tf,o sweat Coclljes. IVe could mut wi.th school 9roups or 9arc!en. clubs. IVe can tf,o whatever is rUj/Jt for SJOUr weak. Tfsi.nlt- about bei.ng a Xatuab contact person for your area. 1he contact system is tlie basic frameworF., of the XotUoh networft-. IVe would Uke to 9et more local news, local i.nterviews, local pi.ctures, stories, and opi.nLons from around the regf.on. Let me know, and we'{! get totjether to talk about U. Hope to hear from you. 1hese are excULng times to Uve in. Let's maft-e the most of them/ .Jlfl"' c Io -Davie! Whakr X.aUiah BLorUJional Journal Box ~8 Lei.cester, NC 28748 KATIJAH • page 27 �9004 nuttc£ne continutd from pace 18 A Mountain Home conunucd from page 8 As well as being above 1hc valleys, the asi's were always si1ua1cd on 1he wanner south- or west-facing slopes of the nearby hills. When the weather got cold, wc1, and nasty, the villagers would retreat up the hillsid~ 10 spend the winter snug and dry in their asi 's. The opening into the asi was so low that one had 10 crawl on hands and knees 10 enter. There was a wooden wall inside the doorway Lo cul off Lhc wind. so one entered by crawling in and turning to the right. The wooden partition cut off most of the light, too, so a bright fire of pine knots was kept burning inside to provide light while the asi was inhabited. Sometimes there would be a smokehole, sometimes the smoke would drift out the door. From time to time the people of the family would smoke their asi thoroughly with fragrant cedar or hemlock to ex1ermina1c insects and vermin. It must be remembered that the asi was intended only for a sheller and not as a living space. On nice, sunny days, even in winter, the family would work in the sunlight out of the wind in the warm, protceted area in from of the asi. The men might be carving or making arrowheads, and the women would weave mats for the walls of the summer houses. Weaving the walls for your house each year would seem like a long, tedious job to people today, but the lndians would sit together and talk while they worked, sharing ideas and gossip. It was communication; it was a social event, and if one was raised knowing that the mats for the walls of the summer house had to be made each year, then it was just one of the realities of living and was not seen as a burden. The asi also offered a place safe from the spnng floods that came down the river each year. The people could s11 on the hillsides and watch the river sweep away everything on the old village site except the townhouse, which remained safe above the waters on its raised mound. When the weather warmed and 1he waters subsided, the people returned to the bottoms and built their summer dwellings oriented around the townhouse. The floods also deposited 11 layer of fertile silt over the planting fields, so when the houses were reconstructed, the people set out seed for new gardens for the new growing season. It seems like an easy and practical way to live. bencr utilize local resources for energy production for our shelter. As we implement appropri3te ways of living, we become continually more aware of the spiri tual nature of shelter. The soil is the flesh, the water is the blood, the rock is the bone, and the wood is the sinew. For a person to experience the energy of his/her daily lire within and without IS II gifL Greg Olson tksigns passive solar and energy-efficient homes and teaches courses in the E11viro11mental Swdies Program at rile U11iversity of North Carolina at Aslrevi/le His course "Environment, Design , and Solar E11ergy" is offered every fall semester and focuses on tlie use of alternate energy systt!TTIS i11 building design. Write Greg at 211 Stoney Knob Rd.; Weaverville, NC 28787 or call (704) 658.()834. MEMBRANE HOUSES continued from page 13 Here are some specific LCChniqucs for creating thcJc: pod-Idec houses 111 KatU3h: •Build ribs or metal or plastic 1ub1ng on a saonc or c:cment foundnlion. Sttttch wire mesh over I.his frame and, by band, fcrroccmcnt lhe shell in a numbet or I.ayers leaving openings and shuL-offs. Pigments can be added 10 cement mix1urcs along wilh ol.hcr mnrkings put on the membrane for a mote involved blending with the land. It can take around 28 days for a sl3lldatd cunng or cement in Lhis process yCI there is a method of 7 d3y mois1urc 0 cur111g. A Bourn of Buds With an eye to woe and one to wonder, I regard late January daffodils just budding from the bare warm ground beside my tilting woodshed, a way too early to convey the full flame to the greentime. Near them I stand, a little tilted myself, feeling in the dawn sun some lightened sadness. - Michael Hockaday •con)truc1 fiberglass (or even cardbo3td) molds, with horiwnaal scnms for casting purposes, 1111d blow a dry miiuurc or sprayed cement cnllcd gunnne at high prCiSUrc onto the mold and connccuvc mesh. The mixture as dry enough IO suck 10 ceilings and can be shaped soon aftcr spraying. Adv111113gc) to this method arc lh31 a mold can be reused, and the curing umc for gunnue i• only about 3 dnys. •Malec a frame in which to inOa1e a I.hick l»lloon lh3I can then be covered with wire mesh and fcnoccmcntcd on the out:;adc. Also. in a m11Ch more m1t1caie process. steel fibers can be added 10 the concl"CIC mix - as a strenglhcncr • and sprayed al high PfC.\'iUl'C ona.o a I.ayer of 11\lulation from the inside of a I.hick balloon. The 51CCI fibers being put in the mix itself arc a replacement for the ribbing and meshmg of fcnoccmenL Air pressure can be wed as a 1113in suppon during lhe spraying process. •A grcnL mnny combinations of lhC$e LCChniqucs can be used. along with canh henning and adding on IO exilUng suucaurcs. Rob Messick is a graplric artist and an avid student of synergetics and whole systems. flis work with mandalas, m£mbranes and other organic forms portray a wide spectrum of enviro~nts from tire macrocosm 10 tire microCQsm. sraphic by ChriotJna Mormon KATUAH- page 28 wrNTER 1987-88 �Green B..gcr Kin&) Boont,,C (704) l64·5866 • • • • • • • • • • • • K"'-"r'UAfi l\oa-\E [) £.SIGl"I ~,p;:: -c t.•J ;::,,;\•'t'R.M~~.i,,·_ 1~£!..:...~rJ ·4-)E..? ~, ,\t_·, 11..f: h .. ;..:...- l:. -> \ ,- ..,. '~ .. , •"v:--~. ( 1:.l~ 1 :~ :-. . ~a .. _, ·=---- Green Line, lhe newsletter of the Western North Carolina Greens, has just published its second issue! Conceived as a project in solurion-~riented, ecology·~as~ journalism. Green Line began pubhcauon 1n Occober, with a well-received four-page issue. "Respect for diversity" is one of the ten key values of the US Greens, and the current issue, now eight pages, has further expanded its already . diverse mix~ure of local, regional, and n:monal news to include political cartoons and essays that aucmpt to penemue beneath the surface of the issues to the core beliefs, values, and elhics of Green philosophy. "Decentralization" is another key Green value, so the content of future issues of Green line is very open to our readers' contributions. Karzlali's readers are welcome to submit reports, essays, poems, graphics, or anything else that fires the imagination. Charter subscriptions are available for $5. The Gretn Une WNC Greens P.O. Box 144 Asheville, NC 28802 noon• llrli:his Shopplna C•nl<r (h.:hind . " . e Now " On Lme L10 ... ....) ... ' t.ii•\J ...4:;.. • ~ ~ (iL 7 ..:: .....-...., ",.. t"~4 o 1L (70~) Chinese Acupuncture and Herbology Clinic Natural Food Store & Deli 160 BroadWay Ashevllle, NC 28801 253-5383 Where Bro.c!wri meets Merrlmon Ave & 1-2.0 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday·Saturday· 9am·8pm Sunday 1pm·Spm <1>$5'.ffl~~cn WJ~ ll'JlD'.K§@ ©~~ !l The Elk River Coalition asks people throughout the mountains to tum off all electric lights in their homes and place a candle in the front window from 7:30-8:00 pm on Sunday, December 6 as part of the Sunday Nuclear Boycott (SNuB). . Boycotting nucle3;1"·ge~erated elec~­ city for that shon penod 1s a symboltc protest of the federal government's nuclear waste policy and its implications for the mountain region and all of the natural world. For further information, contact: The Elk River Coalition c/o Madison County En vironmental Defense League Mars Hill, NC 28754 J im Wayne Miller LITERARY FESTIVAL Emory & Henry College February 4-5, 1988 More info: John Lang, English Dept, Emory &. Henry College, Emory. VA 24327 Rt One With lbe Earth is a 1ounng collection of Native American art on cxhib11 al Ille Museum of lhc Cherokee Indian now through Dec. 14, 1987. Located Highway 441 N al Drama Rood. Cherokee. NC. Open daily 9am-Spm. (704) 497-3481. (704) 683-1414 68:M795 342 Merrimon Avenue Asheville, NC {704) 258-9016 (704) 253-7656 'J\i(lee, 'lt~f 'Na~r~ BOBCAT T-SHIRT SHORT SLEEVE T: $10.00 ppd Colors: Ecru, White, Sliver. Sufoam (II. grHn) THI LONG SLEEVE T: $14.00 ppd. (lnclut»1 P•w Print on SIHv•) ColOl'I: Ecru, Sliver, Te•I, White S•tlsf11etlon •~red or ,.tum for full ,.fund. Ple•u Indicate size, color, sleeve length, qu•ntity. ........,. r'I ~ Introducing the BOBCAT This full color design Is hand-screened on T-SHIRTS OF 100% PRESHRUNK COTTON We •l•o IN AOUL T SIZES S,M,L,XL h•v• • tine or 1weetshlrt1 •nd WINTER 1987·88 kids T-Shirts I -... =.::::.~.,........ ~- ......c... .. I:.""" .• ,.l.110414t6 a.l "'- ccaoca_,,,,.,_u1o111111•---· '--==~=---1 . IUUl_.-111 Village Hands or llandm:ide Objects Beaut) rrom :ill O\er the world! •ptciatWoi: in ile.m~ rrom llotp:il &Tibtl Open Dail,> 11:00am-6pm 43 Broadway Ashcvllle, NC (704) 252-4336 Located across from Stone Soup KATUAH - page 29 �vf€BW0Rl51t§ APPROPRIATE PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN, blucprinLS and foll working drawings for homes, shop$, and sheds. Creauvc dnlftina - your idc:is or ours. Harmony Sunbuildcrs; P.O. Box 194; Sugar Grove. NC 28697 NC FARMERS can gel 75~ reimbursement for conservation m11113gement practices from NC Soil and Water Conservation Comm. Cropland conversion, tcmices, gm.•>s«I waterways, and other erosion prevention measures. ConUICt locnl Soil and Water Conservation District officci.. STARSPAN ASTROLOGICAL PROFILES: Relationships, lire chart, forccasL~. Charts and profc«101Ul taped readings also available. P.O. Box 10413; Raleigh, NC 2760S GUATEMALAN REFUGEE SEED FUND: help refugees in southern Mexico maintain lhcir culture and d1i;nity by shirring a variety of •-egct:1blc o;eeds directly to farmers. Write to: 2292 Grant Si.. Vancou,cr, BC, Can.:id.1 VSL2Z7 EUSTACE CONWAY· Guule and Teacher of pnmitive Emh Sl1lls with cmphasi~ on fire building, hide tanning, shelter, and foraging. He ieachcs at public school~. parks, cnvll'Onmcma.I centers, and classes of all lands. For mocc information CODl.1Cl him at: 602 Deerwood Drive, <i~ 1'Ci280S4 u call Allcm Stanley al (704) 1918 SIMPLE LIFESTYLES CALENDAR • Photos of "Cnf1SpCOplc or Appabchia" by Wam:n Brunner and suggcs11ons for simple h"mg for each day. S6.00 from App:ilachia-Scicncc m lhc Public lnlCrcSl; RL S, Box 423: LivingslOll, KY 4044S. All prOCCCds bcnc!il lhc WOf'k or ASPI, a llOll·(llO!il corpomuon. ROSE AROMATICS - csscntilll oils have been healing body, mind, spirit, since ancient Egypl. A most pleasant therapy! Dabney Rose; Rt. 3. Bo~ 286-A; Candler, NC 2871 S CHEROKEE INDIAN LANGUAGE clnsscs. For info, write Robcn Bushyhcad; P.O. Bo~ 70S: Cherokee, NC 2871 ROCKTN' WITH BILLY B • Do lhc DO!lct of I~ Dragonfly or the Roel 'n Roll of PhotoS>nlMsis in lhe "Music and lhc Natural World" work•hop. Avnilablc for bookings for schools or local groups, fan. 29-Feb. 4, 19gg, Great mouvalicin for kids! Call Ken Voorhis (615) 448-6709. FUTOl'S by Simple Pleasures • afford:ihly priced. Send SASE for info ID: Simple Pica.sum;; Rt. I , Al TERNATIVE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL· At Arthur Morg:in School 24 students and 14 staff lcnm 1ogether by living in community. Curriculum includes crcnl.ivc ocndcmic:s, group dccision-maling, a work program, scrncc projccis. extensive neld uips, challenging outdoor experiences. Wri1e: 1901 Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville. NC 28714 (704) 675-4262 CUSTOM CELTIC HARPS • A'Colltl Bason: Tra"ianna Farm: RL 1: Cbcck, VA 240n. DRUMS • CllSIOID bandaafi.ed ceramic dumbc:cks &. wooden medicine drums. Call Joe Robcns at (704) 258-1038 or write to: 738 Town Mountain Rd.: Asheville, NC 28804. Box 1426; CbylOll, GA 30S2S (~) 782-3920 A\tERICAN l!'.'DIANS of 1/16 blood. any tnbc, accepted as mcmbcn of the Soulhc:lstcrn Cherokee Confcdcro<:y. For application, wore: Chief Wilham "Ratll<:.'>nakC" facl:son: RL I, BOJt 111: Leesburg, QA 31763 sn-79n graphic lilt to express and enhance our hvcs. l..ogos, brochures, boou, porua1ture, window and wall hangings. ConLict Manlui Tree (704) 7S4-<i097. ASHEVILLE I BUNCOMBE COUJl<'TY SOLID WASTE ALTERNATIVES PLANNING WORKBOOK: A design for handling sohd w:ll>lCS tn nny urban context. SIS from Long Branch Env1ronmcn111I Education Center. Rt. 2. Box 132; Leicester, NC 28748. BARTERING NETWORK forming. Call Peter al (704) 926-6250 for 1nformooon. Am&.· stone.~ from folk uuditions till around the M. TREE DESIGNS· lllustrauons and Design • Beyond the p:igcs or lhi~ JQum:il, I work. in pencil, colored pencil, inl, cul paper, :ind b31.ik. Fine and AND THE EARTH UVED HAPPILY EVER world chosen lo help protccl all living beings by bringing the world society a few steps clo,cr to pc:icc and respect for all life. Edited by Floating Eagle Fca1her. S7.00 ppd. (All profiis go to Greenpeace and the Peace Museum). Order from : Wages of Peace: 309 Trudeau Dr.; Mellirc, LA 70003 DA YSTAR ASTROLOGICAL SERVICE· natal, transit, companson chans. Very accurate. Only S3.00 each. Chris and Will B11.wn: R1. 2, Box 217; Qie(:k, VA 24072 (703) 6Sl-3492 STIL-LIGHT THEOSOPHICAL RETREAT CENTER - • qu1c1 space for personal mcd1uuon, group interaction through study and communuy work. 8lld spirit.u.11 semi run. Conlatl Leon Fr.llllr.cl; RL I, Box 326: Wayncsv1Uc, 1':C 28786 CRAFTSPEOPl.l'i • send pncc l1rungs 10 Ci/t~d /lands of NC, 331 Bl.lie S1; Raleigh, l"C 27601 (Att'n: Bern Orey Owl) • unique shop prucnling 35-40 crahcrs' works in R.ilc1gh"s C11y M.utcL All a:lfl~ coosidcrcd. FLOWER ESSENCES • H.vmony v.alh Na1ure &. Sp1ri1. Ocnllc cmOOC>llal ~ppon during lrnll~itions, specific: hsucs, rcla11onship~. Opens communication~ Sclr·OdJUSling, non · lox1c, awareness "U>Oh" for 1mprovmg lhc inner quality. Correspondence 10: F.b1nc Geougc, c/o PDtchwork Castle, Cclo, 3931 llWY 80 So.• Bum!IY1llc, NC 28714 MASSAGE/BODYWORK THERAPIST 1mcrcsicd m c~changmg trcatmcnL• for other 1CtYICCS/produc1S. Call Peter 11 (704) 926-6250. KATUAll - page 30 MEDITATION CUSHIONS from Carolina Morning Designs. Traditional and inflatable .c.afus. For free brochure, write: RL I, Box 31-B: Hot Spnni;s. NC 28743 (I? GRAFICKS • I u~ lhe media of rcncols, colored pencils, gouachc, pen and mk, aaJ pltolognlphy in creating unique !inc and gralicl art. I can make diagrams, logos, finished pnnLS, and dc$igns for brochures, calendarJ, Cllrds, books. cte.. Mandalas and symbol> arc my tendency among other styles. Concact Rob Messick (704) 754-6097. THE APPALACHIAN HERB NEWSLEIJ'ER: exploring lhc potcniial for herbs as ca'h crops 1n Appalachfo. Subscriptions S 12/yr.. Wruc: Appal3cbjnn Herb Ncwslcucr - ASPI; Rt . S, Box 423; Livingston, KY 4044S MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS herbal salves, tinctures, & oils for b1nh1ng &. family hc3llh. For brochure. please wri1e: Moon Dance Fnrm; Rt I, Box 726; Hampton, TN 37658 SAMADHJ FLOAT TANK for sale. Spcalcers and pump. Foe back pain, medaation, relaxation.. Sl2.SO (nc:goci:lble). Call (704) 68'.l-1103. CAROLINA MTN. MACROBIOTIC CENTER ortcn natural foods cooking classes, diewy counselling, cducauonal lccUJn:~ ror a healthier life. Torn or Debbie Alhos. Call (704) 254-%06. WEB WORKING l~ free. Send submissions to: KaJ.ua.h P.O. Box 63g LciCCSICr, NC Kaliiab Province 28748 WINTER 1987 -88 �Mtdfcfn,.. Alllts Kil.IiJJJh wants to communlcace your tho11ghcs and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send chem to us as letters, poems. stories. drawings, or photographs. Please send your conrribiuions to us at: K1lnJIJ.h,· Box 638; uicester, NC; Karuah Province 28748. There has betn a profusion of topics proposed for articles for the spring issue. Send in ':iJ1W ideas! January 16 is tire submissions deadline/or Issue 19. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE ISSUE TWO · WINTER t983-84 Yon.ah. Be.- Hunlal Pigeon River . AnOlher Way Wilh Animals • Alma • Bccomln1 ful I rolor T-s61rts ISSUE TEN· WINTER 198.S-86 Kile Rosen • C1tclcs or Stone • lruc.mal Mylhmakin1 • Holistic He&lm1 on Trial • Poans: SICYe Knal>lll • M y1hic Pbces • The Uktena'• Tale • Crysral Maalc • "Dlelnwpealana" Politie&lly Effective - Mounlaln Woodllllds K&lah l.1nder lhc Drill Spiritual Wrnwm ISSUE THREE· SPRINO 1984 SUJl.wble Asnculnn. sunnowen • Human. lmpacl on lhe Forui • Childrau' Ed11ea1ion Veronica Nlo:holu:Woman in Politic. • Ullle People· Medicine Alliea ISSUE ELEVEN· SPRINO 1986 Community Planrun1 • Citiu and Iha BicnaionaJ Vision • Recyelill& • Community Glldcn&na· Floyd Col.ay. VA · Ouobol • Two BiorePonaJ VMwl • Nudec Supplemau Fo11"1tt Oamu. Oood Medicine; Visions ln the traditional Cherokee Indian belief, the creatures in the world today arc only diminuitive fonns of the mythic beings who once inhabited the world. but who now reside in Galuna'ti, the spirit world, the highest heaven. But a few of the original powers broke through the spiritual barrier and exist yet in the world as we know it. These beings are called with reverence "grandfathers". And of them, the strongest are Kanati, the lightning, the power of the sky; Utsa'nati, the raulcsnakc, who personifies the power of the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdi, "the littJc man", as ginseng is called in the sacred ceremonies, who draws up power from the underworld. Each is the strongest power in irs own domain. Together they are allies: their energies compliment each other to form an even greater power. As medicine allies, they represent the healing powers of the Appalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of Karuah have been depicted in a srriking T-shin design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 5-color silkscreen by Ridgerunncr Naturals on top quality, all-cotton shirts, they arc available now in nil adult sii.cs from the Kan!:ID journal. "To show respect for this supernatural trinity of the natural world is to in turn become an ally in the continuing process of maintaining harmony and txililnce here in the mountains of Karuah." To order, use the form below. ISSUE FOUR ·SUMMER 1984 Wauz Orum • WIU# ~ • Kudzu • Solw Eclipse • Cturcuuma • TJ'OUI • Ooin& ., Wala R11n Pimps • Micl'oll)'dro • Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair. Jlm Woync Miller ISSUE EJGKT - SUMMER 1985 Cclebn11on: A Way or Life· Ka1u.ih 18.000 Yeat11 Ago Sacred S11es • Folk Atu in lhc Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon C)lolo • Poems: Hilda Downer Chtrok.ec Hcnlige C.-nu:r • Who Owns Appalshui? ISSUE NINE· FALL 1985 The Waldce Foru1 • The Trees Speak • Migra11.n& Fore.ts • Horse Louin& • Startma a Tree Crop • Urbln Trea • Acom Bread - Mylh lune Address Enclosed is $ to give this ejfort 011 extra boost WINTER 1987-88 Phone Number ISSUE FIFTEEN • Spring 1987 Coverlets . Woman Forester • Susie McMahan Midwife Ah.emaltvo Contraception • 81osuuali1y · Biorcaionalism and Women • Good Medicine: M.in.tcharial Culan ·fad ...,....... ISSUE SIXTEEN· Summer 1987 Helen Waite · Poem: Visiona in a Garden • Vision Qucsl • Fant Plow lnitiaLion • Leamin& in lhe Wildcrneu · Cherokee Ollllcnge • ·va1uin1 Tn:cs· ,~---- ISSUE SEVENTEEN - Fall 19117 Glady • Bear Su.y • M1chad PellOn • Boan Good Medic-inc: •findina Albcs• • Bcai Hun1.1n1 • Champion • "8C&I"." Poem • Grecns "Old Oaluics:" Poem. ·uuering" Back Issues Issue # .@ $2.00 = S_ _ Issue # @ $2.00 = Issue#_@ $2.00 = S_ _ Issue# .@ $2.00 = S_ _ Issue # _ _@ $2.00 = S_ _ Complete Set (2-11, 13-17) @ s20.oo =s__ T-Shins: specify quantity color tan s__ S_ _ M_ _ L_ _ XL_ _ Zip I can be a local contact person for my area Arca Code Siovcmake(s NanaU..e • Good Med1"1ne: lnlalpecies Commurucauon Regular Membership........ SlO/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. State ISSUE FOURTEEN· Winsa 1986.87 Uoyd Carl Owle · Booaen and Mummas - AU Spcciu Day • Cabin Fever Univeniry • Hamel- in Kan.ah • Homemad& Hot Wall:l ISSUE SEVEN · SPRING 1985 Sustainable Economics • Hot Spnnp • Worker Ownership • The Creal Economy · Self tlolp Credit Union . Wild Turkey • Re1ponsible lnvcstul& • Wcn1Un1 m the Web or Ufe For more info: call Mamie Muller (704) 683-1414 City s,.._ ISSUE SIX • WINTl!R 1984-85 Winsa Sohlicc l!&ttl> Caemony • Hancpun.n River • Comins or lhe UgJu • Loa c.btn Rooca • Mounwn Ap;culnne: The Rill>' Crop • W-llliam TayI«· The FD!ln or lhe l'oml J(AilJAH: Bjoregional Journal oflhc Southern Appalachians Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kauiah Province 28748 Name ISSUE THIRTEEN · Pall 1986 Cenler FOT Awahnin& ·Elizabeth Callari· A Gentle Dealll • Hospice • Eme.1 Morgan • Dcalin& Crarively wilh Death • Home Bmial: 801 • The Wake • The Raven Mocker • Woodllorc ud Wild"'OOC!a Wisdom • Good MDC!iciroo: The Lod&e ISSUE FIVE· FAU. 1984 HltVest • Old Waya in Cherokee • Oinscn1 • Nuclear Wuie • Our Cd11c Hcritaae • Biore&ianahsm; Pu1, Present. md Fulllre • John WilllOIY • Hui.in& ~ • Pohta or Participalion @ $9.50 each........... .$_ _ TOTAL PRICE= postage paid $_ _ KATUAH-page 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, Issue 18, Winter 1987-1988 Description An account of the resource The eighteenth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on vernacular shelter: log, frame, stone, yurts, earth-shelters, and membrane houses. Authors and artists in this issue include: Sam Gray, Adam Cohen, Greg Olson, Marnie Muller, Scott Bird, Rob Messick, Snow Bear, Rita Sims Quillen, Julia Nunnally Duncan, Michael Hockaday, Rob Messick, Martha Tree, Barbara Kirby, Colleen Redman, Bern Grey Owl, Douglas A. Rossman, David Wheeler, and Christina Morrison. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987-1988 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Protecting the Dreamer: Vernacular Values in Architecture by Sam Gray.......3<br /><br />Dreams in Wood and Stone: Building Your Own Home by Adam Cohen.......5<br /><br />A Mountain Home by Greg Olson.......8<br /><br />Homemade Houses in Katúah: A Photo Feature.......9<br /><br />Listening to Earth Energies by Marni Muller.......10<br /><br />Earth-Sheltered Living by Scott Bird.......11<br /><br />Membrane Houses by Rob Messick.......13<br /><br />The Brush Shelter by Snow Bear.......14<br /><br />Resource List: On Building and Design.......15<br /><br />Solar Composting Toilet.......15<br /><br />October Dusk: Poems by Rita Sims Quillen | Review by Julia Nunnally Duncan.......16<br /><br />Good Medicine: "On Shelter".......7<br /><br />The Future of the Black Bear: Conference Report.......19<br /><br />Natural World News: Caldwell County Incinerator | Smokies Wilderness Bill | Poachers Caught | MRS in Congress | Forest Service Plan Appeal | Duke's Coley Creek Project | Asheville Recycling Center.......20<br /><br />A Children's Page.......23<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......24<br /><br />"A Bourn of Buds": A Poem by Michael Hockaday.......7<br /><br />Webworking.......30<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sylva Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Owner-built houses--Appalachian Region, Southern Dwellings--Energy conservation Vernacular architecture--Appalachian Region, Southern Cherokee Indians--Dwellings High-efficiency toilets Geomancy North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Black Bears Book Reviews Cherokees Children's Page Earth Energies Electric Power Companies Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Katúah Organization Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Shelter Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/b7c30c6ce7c5fb288b9fbaf8533bfb00.pdf e4fb1233504bfc8d0f823864df5a94b2 PDF Text Text ISSUE 19 SPRING 1988 $1.50 BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF THE ~OUTHERN APPALACHIANS �©~ Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit#18 Leicester, NC 28748 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �The Perelandra Garden ...... 3 Spring Tonics .............. 6 Rooting Blueberries ......... 7 "First Dogwoods" a poem by Michael Hockaday .... 7 Gardens of the Blue Ridge .... 8 A Visit with Granny: An lnterVlew with Carolyn Port ... 1O Flower Essence ..... . ...... 13 The Origin of the Animals: Plants have been in communion with the human species for thousands of years. Only recently with the advent of the mechanical age have we relegated them to muteness. a story by Clyde Hollifield . . . . . . 14 ''Sacrament," "Rain Has Come Again:" poems by Janeice Ray ......... 15 Good Medicine: "Power" .... 16 Be A Tree .......... ...... 17 Natural World News ........ 18 Drumming: Letters to Katuah .......... 22 A Children' Page . .......... 25 Events ... .. .............. 28 Spring Gathering ........... 29 Webworking ............... 30 In the past, plants have shared their information with us. They have told us which of their species is good for medicines, for healing, for food, for making musical instruments ... They have whispered songs to our ancestors ...and poems. They have sent dreams our way...and visions. We share a sacred bond with plants. Our "world" depends on their world. Even from the beginning, photosynthesis was essential in allowing our species to eventually occur. Today, sharing the earth's atmosphere...exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with each other... reflects how intimate our connection is. In fact, at the heart of the relationship is "exchange". We receive nourishment from plants ... not only for the physical body, but also for the psyche. They daily reveal to us visions of rootedness, stillness ... vibrancy and life. The plant world holds the memory of what a bioregion is...what it looks like in its wholeness. By listening to the plant world, we can tap our own underlying sense of what this region could be... how to re-inhabit Katuah. As we begin to become more conscious, we see how power and creativity can be used to enhance and celebrate the heartbeat of the ecological processes here rather than disrupt or destroy it. The plant world can participate in a vital way in this internal reawakening . Plants can partner with us as we explore integrating the human species into the ecological symphony of this place. Whether in a garden, in a grove...or in wilderness, we can begin to develop a co-creative partnership with plants, where once again, they speak to ~ �EPlTORTAL STAFF THIS ISSUE; Scott Bird Christina Morrison Mamie Muller Jack Chaney Sam Gray Michael Red Fox Sally Mander Manha Tree Rob Messick David Wheeler THA NKS TO: Julie Gaunt. Ellen John, Brooks Michael, Judith Hallock, Tom Hendricks, Kathleen Mclaughlin, Karen W.i1.ldns-Deckct. Susan Laird, Chip Smi1h, Joe Roberts, John Peuie, Manha & Dean, and Cclo Communi1y. Cover: Manha Tree Invocation: Rob Messick EPTTORTAL OEFTCE nos ISSUE: Worley Cove, Sandymush Creek THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIOREOION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS PRINTED BY: Sylva Herald Publishing Co., Sylva, NC WRTTEUSAT: TELEPHONE: (704) 683-1414 KiWah. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Diversity is an imponan1 elemeni of biorcgional ecology, both nn1urol and social. In line with this principle, KatCiah tries IO serve as a forum for 1.he discussion of regional issues. Signed articles express only the opinion of the authors and are no1 necessarily lhe opinions of the KatU/Jh editors oc staff. The lniemal Revenue Service has declared KaJiia.h a non-profi1 organizatioo under section SOl(cXJ) of the lntcmal Revenue Code. All conuibutions IO KaJliah are deduclible from pcrsooal income 13X. Let !he center of the earth Be my heart Aod the laod be mv shell Let the soil be mv cells Aod the rock be rrrv bo!la U!t the water be my blood The ocean be my pulse And a• rivers be my veins Let the atmosphere Be mv bream And the seasont be my senses As the spirit lives Let its growing bring a change Aod plant the seed of its continuance For all things will return To the elements from which they come In being one Sl'ATEMENTOF PURPOSE Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turtle Island; a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense ofresponsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name" Katuah" as the old/new name/or this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Va.l/ey to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the souih; and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this region, and to foster the awareness thaJ the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a " do or die " situation in terms of a quality standard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, KalUah, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent information, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes that Katfuzh will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breaJhing members. - The&Utors KATUAH - page 2 SPRING - 1988 �'The Pere.Candra Clarden: Cooperation JJi,th N atu.re 'LnteUU}ences It is in a garden that we have a special opportunity to enter into a purposeful relationship with the Earth and its creative energies. MachaeUe Small Wright has been working with these energies in her garden in a specific, conscious way for over a decade. She refers to them as "nature intelligences." Machaelle's garden, called Perelandra, lies a few miles east of the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. Perelandra, meaning "of the heart", began as a small family homestead and has now grown into a nature research & learning center. There, she teaches co-creative gardening, produces flower essences, and publishes books and tapes based on her experiences. Machaelle's first book, Behaving As If The God in All Life Mattered (1983), is an autobiographical account of how she came to garden in cooperation with nature intelligences. From Behaving As If the God in All Life Mattered: ...One evening in early January 1977, I walked into the woods and announced in a loud, clear voice, "...I want to work with devas and I want to work with nature spirits. I invite all of you to make yourselves known to me. I am ready to learn from you." Then I left the woods, returned to the house, put myself into meditation and waited. At the time of "my declaration," I didn't know what I was doing. But years later, l realized that I had used a oercmony to ground a shift that was taking place in me. Ceremony is a physical vehicle used to ground energy from a higher level, thereby giving it form and greater accessibility to the people involved in the ceremony. It's a tool designed to give clarity and form to energy. To accomplish this, we use special settings, actions, words, music... whatever is appropriate. On that night in January, I moved through a ceremony. I made a clear decision about what I wanted. I chose the woods as my setting. Then I moved through a seric:s of physical actions via the use of words. I stated my mtent Clearly SPRING-1~88 and simply. I invoked to myself what I felt I would need to carry out my intent. Then I scaled my declaration by physically acting on it -- by going into meditation and opening myself to whatever was to happen next The response was immediate. In fact, I. had the same experience that Dorothy Maclean had at Fmdhom when she first connected with devas. I had a "crowd of voices" coming at me, all talk:ing at the same time - all telling me that it was "about time." I connected in with them and found that they had been waiting for this for some time. I remembered that in the Findhom book, when Dorothy described this experience, she said she simply asked the devas to speak to her one at a time. Having nothing to lose, I tried the same thing. Much to my ama~ment, they responded instantaneously. And from that pomt on, I received one devic voice at a time. Behaving was followed in 1987 by The Perelandra Garden Workbook: A Complete Guide to Gardening with Nature Intelligences. This book is a step-by-step manual for anyone wishing to develop a relationship with the devic levels and nature spirits. In this excerpt, Machaelle describes her understanding of these presences and their distinctive characteristics. From The Perelandra Garden Workbook: ... "Deva" is a sanskrit word meaning body of light. This has little correlation with what I experience when I am open to the devic level, but I accept the word. The devic level is the architectural dynamic within nature. It is the force that formulates every individual aspect of form on Eanh. It is the creative force which determines the size, color, shape. weight, texture, taste, life cycle, and requirements of all form, all of nature. Each form has inherent in it its own deva. There is, for example, the • continued on Delli pqc Editots' Note: In her book:s, Machacllc baa chosen to follow lhe conventional mode of grammar, ic. "he" ralher lhUI "1/he" or "one"; "mankind" ralher lhUI "bwnankind"; etc. Becauac lhc pusagca cc diJcct excap!S. we have left them u they arc. - continued on next page --·KATUAH - page 3 �Deva of Soil, the Deva of che Shasta Daisy, the Oak Tree Deva, the Carrot Deva. Each deva holds, as in a computer bank, all the specific information relative to its form. It also holds the information pertaining to how its individual natural form fits into the grand scheme of things both on Earth and within the universe. If there are to be any physical changes made -- for example, changing carrots from the color orange to pink - they must be made within the devic level in order to maintain natural balance. Change made through the pure will and desire of us humans disregarding the devic dynamic is called "manipulation" and results in a weakening imbalance and becomes part of the ecological disaster we are experiencing... ...There is another distinguishing feature about nature spirits that will help you understand them and the differences between them and devas. Nature spirits are regional. Although I do not have a phalanx of little people visible in the garden, I do have my group of nature spirits who are connected to this land and what is happening here. Your connection will be with your own group. They are an intelligent reality that is individuated enough to be connected with specific geographic areas on Earth. Devas, on the other hand, are universal in dynamic. When I contact the Carrot Deva, I touch into lhe very same intelligent reality someone in China would touch into when making the same contact. ...Here is my understanding of nature spirits. In Behaving .... I referred to nature spirits as the blue collar workers within the realm of nature intelligence. I still hold to this imagery today but feel it is simplistic. My work with the nature spirits has convinced me that they are truly masters of understanding and working with the concept of bringing spirit into matter, energy into form. They tend to the shifting of an energy reality which has been formulated on the devic level and assist the translation of that reality from a dynamic of energy to form. In short, they constantly work with the principle of manifestation on Earth. They also function in a custodial capacity with all that is of form on the planet. That is, when not interfered with by us humans, they tend to the care and needs of all physical reality, assuring perfection within form. .. Machaelle depends on a systematic communication with the devas and nature spirits to inform her about every aspect of the garden, including what plants go in which locations, soil preparation, and how to deal with insects and animals. She consistently affirms that "the backbone of the Perelandra garden is communication." From The Perelandra Garden Workbook: .. .I happen to be someone who feels deeply that this communication is possible for everyone. We are talking about a natural partnership between humans and nature and it is not meant to be exclusive. It only stands to reason that there be simple ways for us and nature to communicate with one another. There have to be language frameworks that are just waiting to be developed. I see the communication problem as being similar to the problem that arises when you are faced with someone from another country who speaks a language that is completely foreign to your ear. There isn't one sound they are making that strikes a familiar note. We can back off the situation and say, ''This is impossible." Or we can tackle the situation together with the other person, begin to learn each other's language, and devise additional techniques for communication. This is what I've done with nature. I've worked to develop techniques which we can use for the purpose of sending and receiving information. And it's not difficult. In fact, it's embarrassingly simple. But that's as it should be. The workbook gives complete instructions on how to use the form of communication that Machaelle has found to be most effective - kinesiology. In the following passage, she explains the principles of this technique. From The Perelandra Garden Workbook: ...Simply stated, if a negative energy (that is, any physical object or energy vibration that does not maintain or enhance the health and balance of an individual), is introduced into a person's overall energy field, his muscles, when having physical pressure applied, will be unable to hold their power. For example, if pressure is applied to an individual's extended arm while his field is being affected by a negative, the arm will not be able to resist the pressure. It will weaken and fall to his side. If pressure is applied wl\ile being affected by a positive, the person will easily be able to resist IUld the arm will hold its position. To expand on a more technical level, when a negative is placed within a person's field, his electrical system (the electrical energy grid contained within the body) will immediately respond by "short-circuiting," making it di.fficll]t for the muscles to maintain their strength and hold their position when pressure is added. When a positive is placed within the field, the electrical system holds and the muscles are able to maintain their level of strength when pressure is applied. Original Drawings by Kore Loy McWhirtt:r SPRING - 1988 �This electrical/muscular relationship is a natural pan of the human system. It is not mystical or magical. Kinesiology is the established method for reading their state of interaction at any given moment. It is most commonly used today by wholistic physicians, chiropractors and the Touch for Health people. What does this have to do with "hearing" information from the nature spirits and devic levels, you ask. Simple. If you ask a question using the yes/no format, they can answer your question by transferring a yes (positive) or no (negative) into your energy field. Then you read the answer by testing yourself using kinesiology... For good communication, Machaelle emphasizes being outside in the garden space, achieving an inner quiet, and vocalizing one's requests. She then affirms the importance of asking simple, precise questions and being willing to act on the information and ideas received...even if they challenge one's conventional concepts. The workbook provides detailed information on how to formulate these questions. It also includes many insights and practical tips that Machaelle has gained from her own experience in the garden. From The Perelandra Garden Workbook: ...It has been over ten years since I began gardening under the tutelage of these nature intelligences and the result has been a garden in which all inhabitants, be they animal, mineral or vegetable arc truly compatible with one another. Each member of the garden enhances the health and well being of all the others. And this includes the bugs. The garden is inclusive, not excl usive. I do nothing for the purpose of repelling. The focus is to create a balanced, wholistic environment in which all within that environment arc enhanced. The results are not only more food than I know what to do with, but also food that has contained within it a very high level of life energy - light. ...The Perelandra garden thrives because of the approach I have been taught and the underlying consciousness and reality that motivates the approach. What l'm going to describe to you in this book docs not fit comfonably into the recognized notions of tradition, logic or even sanity. Be that as it may, it works. And that's what drives traditional gardening thinkers a little nuts. Everything you know which has gone into establishing your sense of order, stability and balance, in other words, logic, both in your garden and your life away from it, will be constantly challenged. For you see, this gardening is, in fact, a metaphor for the whole of life. As you change how you approach the garden, you will, in turn, change the very fabric of how you approach your life. '"~7~,.....~~t In addition to the specific information that Machaelle obtains through kioesiology, she also receives more extensive messages from the nature intelligences. In both books, she includes these messages that have deepened her understanding of herself and her garden. (1be devic voices are indicated by italics.) From Behaving As If The God in All Li/e Mattered: ... As each deva came into my awareness, 1 noticed that there was a slight shift in vibration, that each had its own vibration. After awhile, I could recognize which deva was entering my awareness. This led me to develop tho ability to call upon specific devas by "aiming" my awareness for the deva's own vibratory pattern... Overlighring Deva ofthe Garden We urge you to join our creative process. When you planr a seed, invoke the deva and nature spirits connected with that seed. The seed is the door between you and the various energies that are drawn rogether on the devic level and cared/or by the nattue spirits. Once you have planted the seed, put our the call for the deva to draw together all the individual energy components of that variety. Ask that the natwe spirits receive the energies and, in essence.fuse them to the seed. The seed contains the potential of the plant's perfection. The grounding of the plant's energy into the seed activates that potential and transfonns it inw reality. As you call the energy into form, see its energy channel wuch into the seed as it is growuled by the nattue spirits. By joining in our creative process in this manner, you will begin to see the importance of worldng with the nature energies with clarity. We urge you to plant the garden in this new way and see the difference yow clear panicipatkm as a co·creative partner with us makes i11 the germi11arion ofthe seeds and the qualily ofplant growth. · continued on page 24 KATUAH - page 5 �dandelion can be used throughout the growing season. but to avoid bitterness you need to look for new growth and young plants. Spring Tonics! The docks, dandelion, roostard, sorrel and lamb's quarters can all be used as cooked greens. V- 0/ets can also 1 be cooked, but I have never bothered. They are too good raw. When cooking greens it's best to pid< a lot because they cook down. Most can be thrown into boiling water and cooked, but dandelion leaves should be started in cold water and brought to a boH. by Lucinda Flodin A s I sit poring over seed catalogues, looking for bargains on untreated, non-hybrid seeds, scheming and dreaming my gardens. plotting crop rotations, remembering ga"tr:Jens past, wishing gardens future. feeling in my rooscles the reminders of turning spring soil - I remember a time not too long ago when I thought one could not have food without the hard work of digging, planting, and weeding. Lamb's Quarters M ind you, gardening is work I love, especially in the springtime, but in recent years I have disct:Jvered the joy of foraging for wild foods, food that is Earth's gift - available at the cost of some study and a walk in the sunshine (although some plarts I hardly have to leave my door to find!). I feel a wonderful balance when I take a break from the garden to seek out a treasvred wild food which grew gloriously without my help or work. It gives an insight into how the Earth worlcS..... who, after all, really grows the food. I start to forage early, pulling bad< snow looking for that first new growth. By the time spring arrives •officially" there is food abounding - rooch moffJ than I find in my garden at that point. This is a time when mountain people tonic with wild foods, knowing their health will be more vigorous year round. It is a tradition worth embracing. My favorite cooked green is poke, which roost be cooked when young and tender. ff the stems are red or the plant is over 12" high, it is too old, because it becomes poisonous with maturity. The roots and the seeds are medicinal, but they are poisonous and should be used under the guidance of an experienced herbalist. Some folks will say that poke should always be eaten cooked. I always do, but I have seen ffJCjJes that cal for it raw. Another fine cooked green, ff you don't mind the hassle, is nettle, the stinging variety. Anyone who's ever been caught in nettle knows the respect the plant requires. Long pants, long sleeved shirt and heavy gloves are necessary to gather and handle it until it's cooked or dried. Repeated cookings, each in fffJsh water, get rid of the stinging hails. It's a wonderful food rich in vitamins A and C and high in protein. It is also a lot of wolk. I always gather a bunch to dry for nettle tea in the winter. There BffJ so many edib/8 plants and so many ways to eat them. An old timer is a great ally in teaming local plants. and theffJ are also many books that contain good pictures and important information. I am fond of Foraging For Dinner by Helen Ross Russell, Roda/e's Herb Book, and also the Foxfire books. It is important to know your food plants, because there are others which can poison you. Early spring salads can begin with a base of sorrel rumex and sorrel moxalis. Rumex sorrel can be eaten in great quantity; moxalis sorrel must be eaten In small amounts to avoid too much oxalic acid. Both have a slightly sour taste. I add small amounts of the more bitter plants - dandelion, cress, and the docks (yellow, curled, or burdock) - using very young leaves because they get more bitter the bigger they grow. I try to pick dock leaves before they have completely unfolded. In early salads I also use leaf lettuce from my greenhouse, and I add in violet leaves and flowers as soon as I see them. Violets are also a favorite hiking food, a nice munch while you walk. Later in the spring saxifrage comes in season, followed closely by lamb's quarters. a great salad green which will carry you to the first frost. Late spring salads are also nice with purslane leaves and shepherd's purse leaves. Dock and Plantain A nother way to prepare spring foods is green drinks. Rll your blender with leaves • violet, plantain, mints, dandelion, or other tasty greens (either singly or as a mix). Cover with water and whiz in the blender until it is a pretty green color. Strain and drink immediately. I have heard that you should blend green drinks for at least a minute, but that makes a powerful drink, which Is too heroic and strong for most. When I use bitter plants In a drink, I add a lot of mint to sweeten it. Some vegies like carrots w11 1 also sweeten the taste. Experimentation will lead you to the tastes you like. Green drinks have become a standard In our home when the children decide to hate green food. Then they get a ChOice - they can eat a salad or drink a green drink • it's the same great nutrition whichever they choose. Ramps are a food which people either love or love to hate. I love them - in moderation. The blend of onion and garlic taste is a wonderful seasoner to food. A few ramps will season a pot of beans or a mess of greens. Try them cooked if you don't like the strong raw taste. Ramps are not only good tasting, their lily·like appearance makes them one of the prettiest plants. Violet KATUAH - page 6 illustrations by Ellen John SPRING - 1988 �rooting blueberries After a warm rain, when the darl< blue violets bloom, the morel ~shrooms grow. They Jove old apple groves in the fn!'Untams.....and they are the highlight of spring foragmg. Morels are all one piece and they are hollow. f went rooshrooming ona tifn8 with a neighbor to be sure I could cfistingufsh the right kind, before I set off on my own. Morels are fun to hunt, beause they hide In the undergrowth. Sometimes one will appear beneath your feet, as though in that instant it had magically popped to full growth. .... perhaps by Will Ashe Bason it did. In my kltehen the best meal of springtime happens in May when we have stir-fried rafTfJS, morel rooshrooms and asparagus with a wild green salad. To me it's Thanksgiving spring-style • knowing that each food is there because the Earth grew It, and we were blessed to find it. We look forward ~ to it and celebrate It. The Earth Is good to us. P' Scientific classifications and vitamin/mineral information on above mentioned plants: Nettle (urt/ca d/oica) • contains almost all vitamins and minerals necessary for human growth and health. Vitamins A, C, 0, K. Calcium. potassium, iron, sulphur, silicon, copper. Lamb·~ quaners (Chimopodium abum) - contains calcium, silicon, follc acid. Dandelion (Taraxacum otricinale) ·contains vitamins A, 81. 82, niacin, C, E. Calcium, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium and many trace minerals. The bast at(angthener of tha liver. Yellow dock (Rumu crispus) • Fully absorbable, non-consllpating source of iron. Burdock (Att:tium lappa) • Vitamin C, iron. Watercress (Nasturtium ofrlcina/e) • contains Vitamins A, 81, E, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, Iron, manganese, flourine, copper, sulphur, Iodine, zinc. Plantain (P/anlago ma;or) - contains calcium, potassium, sulphur Sorrel (Rumex aa.tosa} • oontains iron. Violet (Viola psp/lionacea) • contains vrtamin A, calcium Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pa. toris) - contains s calcium, Vitamin K. A great remedy for all bleeding problems Poke (Phytolacca amerlcana) • contains vitamin A. C, calcium. Lucinda Flodin lives a1 Moon Dance Fann in Hampton, TN where she crea1es herbal health care products, Moon Dance Farm Herbals. Moon Dance Farm, Rt. I , Box 726, Hampton, TN 37658. First Dogwoods Now I don't know what is going on. These days I wale the fJBJds with tears in my eyes. Spring is so lovely l follows fn8 around and gives mB shame. In quiet little D~minations of the moment, when rlJbons of light descend between the ic.B and snow, my heatt achBs with death and dying itto the nBW land. Sure it is good to bum li<e the eatth with desire, and then by aystal beauty to be cooled. Each brief rainshower glistens the air so the sollBI)' trees in first leaf glow li<e candles on the mountainsides. During spaC6s between the birds singing so freely, my lamentation unfolds. My mind bursts open like the hard·held ctUst finally gona to green. My woe Is akin the whispers of an errant breeze enveloped and carried off by the long west winds. SPRING · 1988 © ev'J B lueberries are an excellent crop for Katuah. They bloom late enough to almost always escape spring frosts and love acid soil. Here In Floyd Co. VA we doni have the high quality wild blueberries found in most of the rest of Katuah The oldest planting I know of is a half acre in the Riverflow Comroonity that is seven years old and doing very well. Last year, as my friend Alta was pruning the Riverflow blueberries, we decided to try to root the prunings. Alta put the prunlngs Into water In which I'd placed willow cuttings several days before. The willow has magic rooting enzymes which the blueberries lack. Chris, my wife, cut these prunlngs Into pieces about 3 or 4 Inches long, and dipped their tower ends In rooting hormone powder. She then Inserted the cuttings Into a propagation frame filled with a mixture of half sand and half peatmoss. T his frame was oovered with a layer cl plastie and then a layer of burtap. The plastic keeps the environment humid and the burtap reduces the amount of sun to a tolerable level We made our frame 2' by 4', from 1x4's and with a bottom of hardware cloth. We made the ribs for the covering from some bent rebar we had but bamboO, lath or pvc pipe would wort<. We watered the cuttings mostly with comfrey and with a ittle manure tea We took the poly oover off in June and the burtap off In August although I think this last could have been e811ier. We had about a 90% soocess rate and some cl cuttings put on 6 inches of new growth. We were worl<lng with highbush varieties but this year we are rooting some rabblt-i!ye varieties as weU. These are larger bushes and though oonsldered less oold tolerant than highbush or lowbush, some are thriving in the riverflow oomroonity and we are at neal1y 2500 feet at the northern tip of Karuah. Rabbit-eye blueberries fruit later than the hlghbush and, In our area, continue till frost. They are supposed to be harder to root. -Will Ashe Bason / KATUAH - page 7 �.. ©~ rot\li Ejardtns "f-t11e 13(11f. 'RiJ,t.. ...Each displaying its own particular beauty beneath the young sunshine and soft waters ofspring · ...Each with its own particular niche in tMwoodland habitat benelllh the tall rrees - the right balance of fll()iscure and light, the particular soil that will encourage its growth. ...And each with its own unique capabilities and strategies for sustaining life and reproducing its ldnd. The world of the forest wildflowers is simultaneously one of exquisite beauty, rigorous specialization, and demanding competition. Though the soft colors and delicate textures of their blossoms delight the eye in springtime, these plants have evolved through eons of stress. and change to prove their sturdiness and resiliency among the life forms, great and small, inhabiting the Appalachian forest. Their magical appearance in the spring, their apparent daintiness, and their impossible beauty, have enchanted the human beings of every age. And in these days, when people want their affluence to be tasteful, there is a resurgence of interest in purchasing the small wildflowers of the eastern forest for shade gardening and home landscaping. KATUAH-page 8 There are several companies now catering to that interest, but none have been in the trade longer than a small concern located off Highway 221 near ihe smaU town of Linville, NC at 4,000 feet elevation in the heart of Katuah province. The Gardens of the -Blue Ridge was begun in 1892 by the family of a surveyor named S.T. Kelsey. The sense of power and grandeur around nearby Grandfather Mountain had always atttacted people to the area. In Indian times it was known as a sacred place of power. In Kelsey's day, Grandfather Mountain Corporation and the Linville Improvement Co. were founded on a cenain reverence for the area's durable real estate values. Kelsey was called to use his surveying skills to help parcel out the lands at the Grandfather's feet. He liked the area and bought a tract for himself for the nursery from which he sold ornamental shrubbery. A young man from the area, Edward C. Robins, took a job at the nursery and worked there steadily until 1923, when he bought the operation. Since then the Gardens of the Blue Ridge has been a Robins family enterprise. Members of t~e fourth generation of Robins' are now worlcing in the company. For a time E.C. Robins carried on the business as Kelsey had left it to him. He dug a tremendous number of nati\'e rhododendrons, azaleas, mountain laurel, and dogWood trees and shipped them by rail throughout the East. As a sideline, he also collected and sold the small woodland wildflowers. . But the ornamental shrubs trade grew more competitive, and the native varieties began to be eclipsed in the eyes of wealthy buyers by new hybrids developed especially for the color, holding capacity, and brilliance of thei{ blooms. Robins decided to deal exclusively in wildflowers and began a tradition that the family has adhered to since. In those early days of the Garden's development, the trees still stood tall in many areas of the forest. The ground was largely clear beneath the great trees' massive crowns, and hunters and bikers could still stumble into clearings carpeted in ginseng or brilliant with the color of an extensive colony of pink ladyslippers in full bloom. In those days it seemed that the forest would never die, and .the wildflowers would always grace the forest floor. Robins employed 30 - 40 men digging, transplanting, and shipping shrubs and flowers. They dug wherever they could and took all they could find. Trilliums and lilies were popular at the time, and Robins shipped thousands of individuals of the various trillium species, the (now rare and endangered) Gray's JiJy, (Lilium Grayii) and the Tur.k's cap lily (Lilium superbum) to the eastern cities. As he became more completely committed to the wildflowers, Robins gathered all the local varieties he could find, until he was offering 200 varieties of plants. E.C. Robins lived until 1969, when he died at the age of 93. Today the Gardens of the Blue Ridge is run by hrs son, Edward P. Robins. The company still offers 159 varieties of flowering plants, 22 varieties of native fems, and 38 types of trees and shrubs. But the plants are now propagated almost exclusively in 10 acres of mulched, raised beds at the nursery. Logging practices and extensive development were largely responsible for changing the face of the forest, and it was in the late 1940's -and early 1950's that the Robins realized that the supply of local flora was limited and that their methods of coUecting were helping to diminish the supply. The family shares with their customers a deep appreciation for the subtle beauties of the native wildflowers. So, once begun, the transition to nursery propagation was made swiftly. In 1969 ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) became a protected plant in the state of Nonh Carolina. Now the small plant known as shortia or Oconee bells (Shortia galacifolia) and the medicinal plant golden seal (Hydrastis canadensis) SPRING - 1988 �are also registered plants, requiring a special certificate to accompany each individual sold. Pink ladyslipper (Cypripidium acaule) in all probability will soon join the list. The Robins family follows scrupulously all regulations for producing and selling the native plants. They note that by making wildflowe~ available, they are relieving pressures on the wild natives and that they are actuaUy aiding several species of wildflowers to survive by spreading them as domestic plantings, while their native habitats are being destroyed or drastically cunailed. In particular, they have helped ex.tend the range of shortia by shipping it throughout the East. The plant grows on runners and is easy to establish, if it is planted in a moist spot or kept wet until it is well secured. E.P. Robins remembers one private wildlife preserve in western Massachusetts where they planted "thousands, literally thousands" of shortia as a ground cover. Pink ladyslipper is harder to establish. The plant depends on a relationship with a particular variety of funius that lives in the soil close to the plant roots. Wherever 1t is planted, pink ladyslipper will prosper for the first year, but unless the soil is such that it can produce the particular strain of symbiotic fungus, the plant will soon languish and die. Once the business of collecting native plants '+'as strictly a matter of stamina and endurance. E.P. Robins remembers fondly the day when the company received a permit to collect plants on some land near the North Carolina-South Carolina state line that was to be cleared by Duke Power Company. "We dug 10,000 shortia that day." But idiosyncrasies such as that shown by the pink ladyslipper make propagating the wild plants in nursery beds more a question of familiarity and accurate attention to detail. The demand for the graceful natives has been steady through the years, and there is room for new companies to enter the field. "There's good prospects for this business," says E.P. Robins. ''It's always been steady. Even during the Depression it was a good business. Wildflowers are becoming popular, so the demand might go up for awhile. But we have all the business we can handle right now, so we don't care if it goes up more or not.'' Breaking into commercial wildflower raising requires more initiative and careful attention than capital. It is a business that can sran small and grow to whatever ~ize is desired. But it is slow work. While most of the flower varieties are easy to raise, some varieties have special requirements that can only be learned through long familiarity and by suffering through mistakes. It takes time to establish a market and to~ain a reputation. "We never got rich," says E.P. Robins, "but we didn't expect to get rich, and we're making a living. As long as we keep our bead <tbove water and have a liltle, that's all·we ·:.:· ..... .·· ..·: :-. ·. .! ·. shortw ·:·..·. . ·: ... ©~ Shortia, Oconee bells (Shortia galacifolia), the mystery plant of the mountains of western North Carolina was first discovered by a French botanist, Andre Michaux, on December 8, 1788. He had been sent to America by the French government to seek new plants that might be of value ro France. In his search through western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, Andre Michaux found and described many new species and carried back to France pressed specimens to be placed in the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. Some were labeled "unknown" and among these was a leaf and root of this plant from the mountains of western Carolina. care." Perhaps many botanists studied the specimens with M identity over a period of the next fifty years. In 1839 Asa Gray, a young American botanist, became intrigued with a specimen and recognized it as a new genus, and wrote a scientific description of the genus from the single specimen in France. To lwMr Dr. Charles W. Short, an able botanist of Kentucky, Gray devised the scientific name of tlte genus, Shortia. And, since it resembled galax, the species name became galacifolia. But growing the native wildflowers offers rich rewards in satisfaction. The international reputation for quality plants developed over the last 96 years by the Gardens of the Blue Ridge is obviously a source of d~ep pride to Mr. Robins. Propagating the native wild plants is an occupation that takes little from the land and offers much in the way of natural beauty. And it is good to walk beneath the tall trees and see the colors of the flowers shining in the spring rain. ~ Gray soon returned to America and began his search, high in the mountains ofNorth Carolina and Tennessee.for shortia. In 1842 Dr. Gray was appointed professor of nanual history at Harvard University. For 38 years on every field trip high in the mountains of North Carolina, Gray hunted for the elusive slwrtia. He found many plants and published manuals on botany, but always the little specimen in Paris continued to haunt him. Sources for wildflower plants: - Gardens of the Blue Ridge P.O. Box 10 Pineola. N.C. 28662 - Appalachian Wildflower Nursery RL I, Box 275-A Reedsville, PA 17084 ,P' Further reading: Growing and Propagating Native Wildflowers. Harry Phillips (UNC Press; Chapel Hill, NC. 1985) SPRING - 1988 Then, on an April day in 1877, George HytllnS went fishing in the Catawba River in McDowell County. His father was a botanist employed by Wallace Brothers of Statesville, NC, whose firm collected plants for pharmaceutical purposes. Nodding and swaying in the breeze were some charming bell-shaped, waxy white flowers, on slender stems, with irregularly-toothed petals, growing from a roserre of wavy-margined, roundish, shiny evergreen leaves, similar to the familiar mountain galax. George decided to take a piece Jwme to his father. Mr. Hyams did Mt know the plant, but it looked so interesting that he sent a specimen to Dr. Gray at Harvard University for identijicaJion. Dr. Gray replied, "You have smmbled on what for many years I have tried so hard to find." continued on page 26 KATUAH - page 9 �;- -- - ____.,._...,..,. _ _,_ -- -- ---·-------~ F'inclitUJ Out Abou t lka!int] with Plants .... A Visit with Granny An Interview with Carolyn Port by Karen Watkins-Decker and Christina Morrison Carolyn Porr has been a practitioner of herbal medicine in Burke County, NC for over 50 years. She has also given lectures, classes and workshops on herbology and will soon publish a book of herbal remedies. As a single woman, Carolyn raised two adopted childre11 and now has several grandchildren a11d great-gra11dchildren. She is fondly referred to as "Granny" by family and friends. Katuah:: How did you begin your work? G r anny: I'm a registered nurse. I also carried a midwife's certificate for years until retirement age pushed me out K: How did you become specifically interested in the use of herbs? G: I don't know that I was more interested in herbs than anything else. The body is a whole. If it's sick one place it's sick all over, and it needs help all the way around. Anything that brings it back to normal is good. K: Yet you've found that herbs treat the whole body better than olher medicines? G: Yes. I believe that herbs build health as well as treat symptoms. And if an old woman told you that wall link tea would save a baby's life that had bold hives, you'd try it. K: What is wall link? I've never heard of it G: It's a kind of lichen that grows in spring have to take a knife and scrape those little roots off to make it clean enough for the baby. Editor's ll()te: Wall·linJc "lichen" is actually a type of liverwort (probably Marcha!ltla polymorpha). conjectured to bt among the very first plants to exist on land. It is interesting that such a primitive plant is healing to humans in our tarly stages of developmen1; i.e. infancy. branches. Some people call it "turkey tracks." K : Where did you gather all your knowledge? From your own experience? K: And bold hives - what kind of illness is this? G: People told me things just like I'm G: I don't really know. I think in the medical profession some would say that there is no such thing as bold hives. The old folks said there was. The babies would just tum blue - they'd find them blue in the bed. Some of them broke out in a red rash first. like pimples, and not be able to catch their breath - so they'd die. K: The symptoms you mention remind me of sudden infant death syndrome for which no cause or cure has been discovered. I'd like to know just exactly which lichen you're talking about. G: I can't show it to you as good as if I had you over on the creek bank. It's a deep green • not a green green. It has a ridge right under the center seam and its hair-like roots go down into the moss to get moisture. You KATIJAH - na2e 10 telling you. They told me about the wall link tea and I said I'd remember that and try it and see if it works .. .if I need it • and I did need it again for a baby that was JO months old. They called me in the night and I went. The baby had been blue for two weeks. They'd had her to the doctor twice and in the hospital once for a day or so. It didn't do her any good - still she was blue and beginning to get the red rash. Quick as I got there, I gave her a hot and a cold bath to stimulate circulation and it pinked her up right away. She seemed a little more alen, but as soon as she was out of the bath she began to look blue again. So I asked if anyone knew where I could find some wall link. They said there was some in an old spring half way down the mountain. I asked if anybody would go get some. One woman said she'd go if I'd go with her; nobody else wanted to - they knew how bad the road was. (she laughs, remembering). We took a pine pitch torch and climbed down the mountain at 2 o'clock in the morning and gathered wall link. I got a nice handful of it and went back and made some tea. When the baby got a taste of it she just drank that bottle Hke she'd never had anything good before. And before she was through she began to get pink. I stayed around to 5 o'clock when I was sure she was alright, and then I went home... and that's the way I got the remedy. K : From what age did you begin paying ancntion to these things? G: I decided I was going to be a nurse when I was just three years old. My mother was a nUTSC and while she treated people I treated my doll. I'd give my doll an enema and then hang her on the clothesline by her toes to dry. (laughs) K: Your mother took care of people at home too, just as you do? G: Yes, and my father was a veterinarian. K: Did your mother use many herbs? G: What she knew she used. For instance, when they learned that raspberry leaf tea would stop hemorrhaging we always kept it on hand. She used blackberry roots for diarrhea; things like that K: Did you and your parents work together? SPRING - 1988 �G: Yes. When we moved here (to Morganton) in 1920 we built a home across K: Do you have any' favorite plants that you work with? the street. We had three private room units and an upstairs for father and mother. We could take up to 4 mothers with their babies. G: I just get whatever people need. rve also got a greenhouse full of aloe and I use K: So that's when you became a midwife? G: I was a midwife from the time I finished school in 1929. K : You already had your degree by the time you were 20? G: Yes. You didn't have to finish high school back then, so I went straight into nursing school. Then when I was about to finish up, they said I couldn't take the stare board exams because I was 100 young to become a nurse. But my supervisors worked things ou1 for me to take the exams anyway and I made a 98 average. K: Do you use any standard medicines in your practice? G: I never have. That's the reason I didn't nurse in a hospital professionally. I had 10 find some other way to help people, because I'm not going to give others something I won't take myself. K: And how did you develop that attitude? Did your mother have that approach? G: Yes. She never gave drugs. She was an old Battle Creek, Mich. graduate if you've ever heard of that school. When she was there it was in its heyday. It was around the tum of the century and they had patients from all over the world. They used many kinds of therapies like hydrotherapy, diet, herbs ...as well as standard medicine. K: That must have been quite a departure from the general trend in the rest of the country. G: Yes. They believed the body was the temple of God and they treated it that way. They used very few drugs. K: Seems that possibly we've gotten away from the use of herbs because people have come to mistrust them - they're unknown, unfamiliar. Maybe if we stan using them more we'll come to trust them again. G: We've got to. K: They can even become like old friends. G: You wouldn't think that the humble little violet would cure stomach ulcers - bu1 it does. K: Do you gather most of the herbs you use? G: Yes, I love to... but I don't have time to pick many. And I try 10 get people to gather them on their own. If they're going to get any real lasting benefit they'll have to learn 10 do it themselves. That's why people don't doctor with herbs - they think it's too much trouble to get out and hunt for them and fix them up. it for lots of things - it helps people with cancer who are losing strength, its good for the stomach if drunk· as a juice... ! make suppositories with it for hemorrhoids or vaginal infections. And of course for bums there's nothing that takes its place. So, many herbs li,kc aloe can be used for different things, but when you think of a malady you should use the plant that's the I!!Qfil ~ for that problem. For instance, aloe is good for the stomach but if you have an ulcered stomach and are having pain, violet leaf tea is the thing you wanL There are also lots of remedies for colds, flu and bronchitis, but the best one l know is a tea made from mullein and cockleburrs (xanthium pensylvanicum)... the cockleburrs really make it taste good. And the beauty of it is, you can put it right in a baby's bottle just dilute it a little. (see REMEDIES) G: Comsi1k tea and Queen Anne's lace tea are good for kidney ailments too. A woman came to me who was going to the hospital the next day to have one of her kidneys taken out as she had so many stones in it. It was right in the summer when Queen Anne's lace was in bloom all over the place. I told her I believed I'd try some Queen Anne's lace tea before I had an operation. She said, " Alright, I will." We went up on the hill and galhered flowers and stems to make the tea. I told her to drink a cup every thirty minutes 'til bedtime and whenever she got up in the night to use her chamber pot she should drink some more. Well, by morning she'd filled that pot up half-way, but the bottom of it looked like red clay In." thick. Those stones had dissolved. And as far as I know, she's never had that problem again. Editor's note: Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota) somewhat resembles poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). Be sure to know the difference. K: My neighbor's baby often has colds I'll recommend it. G: You know, when you give a child herbs you're giving them a kind of nourishment they don't get any other way. And it seems to immunize them to that same malady. They won't have it nearly so quickly or so badly again, and they'll get over it faster. K: Why do you think the medical profession has gouen so far away from using herbs? "Of course these common weeds we walk over all the time, like dandelion and chickweeds, are some of the best - if you can get to them before the mower does!" G: How would they make any money with it? Oaughs). I knew a doctor once whose little girl nearly bled to death with a nose bleed. I told him to give her raspberry leaf tea to stop the bleeding - and he did and it worked - but he didn't seem interested in finding out why it worked or in using it again. K: What do you think about when you're harvesting herbs? G: I think about how quick I can get this person enough plant to do some good Oaughs) and get home and get it fixed up. And I don't get to go out and harvest all the time. If I did I might be like the man I know who went up on the parkway towazd Jonas Ridge. There was a whole bank of ttailing arbutus there and he decided to gather some. He'd filled a bag half full when a lady patrolman came along and asked him what he was doing. II was against the law up there to pick those leaves, so she took them and put them in the back of her car. He told her, "I hope you know what to do with them!" K: What arc ttailing arbutus leaves used for? G: Kidney stones, or as the old folks say, "gravel" ...some folks call arbutus, "gravel weed" because it eases the pain in passing kidney stones by dissolving them. K: Sounds as though it's been a useful and well-known remedy. K: How did you learn to identify plants? G: We always studied nature in our family. Sabbath afternoons we'd go for hikes in the woods and look for bmls and flowers ...and whatever we didn't know we'd look up. Of course these common weeds we walk over all the time, like dandelion and chickweeds, arc some of the best - if you can get to them before the mower does! Chickweed is a wonderful little weed. K: ... and it tastes so good fresh. G: Yes, and it's a good wash for any skin ailment. But it's not only the wilder plants that arc good, we have tame things like marigolds and calendula which arc good for salves. K: You use marigolds? I use those for a dye. G: If you grow them in your gazden they keep the bugs off your plants ... and a tincture of them will keep the bugs off your head! A young'un of mine got uce at scnool and we rubbed the tincture into his scalp and wrapped it in a towel overnight. Next morning we washed it out and that was thaL (see REMEDIES) You can also dry the blossoms for tea that takes polyps out of the intestines. • continued on next page. SPRING - 1988 KATUAH - page 11 u. OSCO - nn.v '"" �- continued from page 11 K: I never knew marigolds had so many uses! G: Well, when you get started on something you find so many things its good for ... K: What is your feeling about the healing properties of plants - the origin of that? G: God put it there. That's exactly where it comes from. He knows what we need. Now right around here, there's lots of kidney stones ...something in the soil contributes to that problem. There's also a lot of trailing arbutus. It's like an herbalist once telling me to gather stinging nettles and I said, "Yes, if I can stand the sting." And she said, "Wherever the nettles grow you'll find yellow dock - just rub your sting with its leaves and it won't hurt." K: That reminds me of using jewel weed to neutralize poison ivy. Do you primarily make teas with herbs? G: Most herbs do yield their strength best to water - some to cold, some to hot - either boiled or steeped - according to what you need. For high blood pressure you use cold mistletoe tea. (see REMEDIES) But if you've got epilepsy or seizures then you make a hot infusion. (see REMEDIES) K: I know of a dog with epilepsy - maybe it would cure him. (laughs) outlawed in the U.S. And now I've beard they're closed down. I hope its not true. K: Did you keep the literature from that course or do you just remember everything? G: Well, I got all hepped up studying it and ii worked so good...that I got the address of Indiana Botanical Gardens - and what I didn't know I'd order so J could recognize it and test it out. K: Did your father use herbs as a veterinarian? G: Yes, we studied together. One day a man came to us who'd overworked his horse. He said her heart was pounding like a hammer and she was standing with all four legs splayed - wouldn't eat; wouldn't drink. So I fixed some lobelia tea and filled up a big drenching bottle full. When we got to the mare the sweat was running off her in a stream and her nostrils were red and looked like they would burst. We lifted her head and drenched her but only got half of it in her before she reared up and came back down and slobbered. After a while she began to walk around and drink water. He asked if she'd live and I said I didn't know she might have burst a blood vessel. Months later my father saw him again and asked about the horse. He said he'd been logging her everyday. G: Well, you just be a brave woman and drink it down - and drink some water after. K: What if someone's ailments demanded remedies of an opposite kind - of opposing forces, so to speak'? G: Nature fits with nature. K : Lobelia is an herb I've beard you should be careful with. G: Did you ever taste Indian Turnip? Lobelia's like that - very strong. It smells good, but nobody's going to eat much of it. Only a very little is needed for healing. K: I've also heard that the seeds of the poke plant are supposed to be poisonous, although I've eaten them myself. The young shoots are very good cooked Do you use poke? G: Yes, I've given the berries for arthritis (see REMEDIES) and folks have had good results. Some harvest the berries every fall and freeze them to have oo hand all year. K: Staghom sumac berries (rhus typhina) crushed and soaked in water make good lemonade. Have you used them as a remedy? G: The tea is good for bedwetting - helps K: Not quite as hard, I hope! That's retain the urine. interesting - lobelia grows in my holler G: A woman came to me one day and said, where horses are still used for logging... Has anyone ever had a bad ''What can I do for my poor little doggie? reaction to remedies you've prescribed? He's having seizures one right after another." So I said, "Give him some G: I don't give them anything that would mistletoe tea." She said, "That's poison, cause a bad reaction. isn't it?" I said, "They say so - but birds eat it." She said, "Well ..." A couple wee.ks K: Are there any herbs that you finally later I saw her and she said, "What can I do decided to stop using? for my doggy?" And I said, "Did you give him the tea?" She said, "No." So I said, G: Some are easier to get than others...and "Well, just let him die then." And she some taste a lot better than others. looked at me as if I was the meanest thing in Personal) y I like things that taste better. If I the world. I didn't think she was very much impressed. Then a few months later I saw her husband and he said, "Did you hear-the dog's all well." I said, "Good what did you do?" He said, "We gave it mistletoe tea!" (laughs) The dog had gotten so weak he couldn't get into his little wicker bed. He wouldn't drink water and hadn't eaten for days. She put down a bowl of tea and she said his nose twitched and he raised up and began to drink. When he finished she set down another bowl and some food and water. She expected him to be dead by morning. But in the morning the tea was gone, the water was gone, the food was gone and the dog was gone! He was over V'.......~~~*::;:;:·~rt;.l'!D across the carport in his bed. K: What a great success story! So how did you learn how to prepare so many different herbs - was it just from people telling you? G: No, honey, l see what you're after.. .! took a correspondence course from Canadian Herbal College in the early '30's. They had to go to Canada because they were K: Do you have any ideas about the intelligenc.e behind plants? G: The same God that made you and me made the plants. He knows what they need and they haven't perverted their appetites like I have. So they take only the nourishment they need from their environment..! think the.main good we get comes through the life of the plant - from the minerals and food value it gives us. K: It's very pure, isn't it.. G: It gives your body just what it needs. K: Do you feel the plants you gather have any awareness of your picking lhem? G: I don't feel they have a ...what would you say?... a soul...or a menrality. But they do have some kind of feelings and ability to communicate. And I think in the new earth state, after sin is gone, that we'll be able to communicate with animals and plant life better than we can now. K: But you don't feel like you do thar at all now - when you're working with them? G: No...when I'm gathering plants I think Mullein illustra11on b'f Ellen John give people somerhing that tastes good they'll probably use more of it. K: How do you mask the ones that don't taste good? of the good they're going to do. I don't believe in nature spirirs or fairies ... Angels exist, and can lead us to plants, but God is the spirit And He is a personal God. I le made us and He made the herbs. He knew what we needed so He put their healing qualities in them. - continued on page 27 KATIJAH- page 12 SPRING - 1988 �Frower Essences: Harmony wtth Sp£r£t and Nature Flower essences serve as catalysts to awaken the natural life force and spiritual consciousness within us. Each flower essence embodies the hamumious vibrational panern of the particular flower species used, and thus attunes and resonates with specific human energy patterns. The essences stimulate an enhanced awareness and ability to transform limiting attitudes, emotions and behavior into more creative and health-affirming ways of living. Flower essences are liquid, potentized preparations which carry a distinct imprint ofa given flower and only an insignificant material component. They are prepared from sun-infusions ofj[Qwers in water, diluted and preserved with brandy and generally taken orally af~ drops at a time, several tim&r per flower, coltsfoot In the joy of the moment we found the radiance within one another and made our life commitment together, although the golden flower eluded us then. Since that lovely day, coltsfoot has found us often...and in most surprising places... along highways and mountainsides, dry bulldozed places and small streams...during needful, dark and joyous moments. Each time she Earths the Light for us along our journey. Each time she opens us to our own knowing. day. yellow is used to dispel depression. One spring, Edward and I both developed 'lung fevers' - my first, his, a long endured ailment It was this particular Spring that we felt agreement to prepare the flower essence. I'd been relating with friends with 'lung troubles' and this encouraged my own healing. fd been holding grief for so long. The Equinox came brightly and we t.ook our healing bodies to the cold creek to be with the coltsfoot flower. In a sacred way we happily created coltsfoot essence, with her permission. Her radiant light dispelled our 'darkness' and we got welU These essences are completely safe and do not inteifere with and are not ajfected by other medications. They show a lack of effectiveness if used improperly but if too much is taken they do no harm. Flower essences harmonize well with other health and growth practices including exercise, nourishing diet, relaxation, balanced lifestyle, and appropriale medical care. Always gentle and strengthening.flower essences bring a continual union between soul and body, Higher Self and personality. The graduiJJ attuning within blends and connects one with one's source. As a medicinal herb, ~o farfm (coltsfoot) is traditionally used for lung ailments. The lung is an "earth" organ and Drawing by Shell Lodge Cottsfoot ~tooc£t"oot C oltsfoot is the earliest blooming flower here where we live in Katuah, appearing in February before the cold snows have finished melting. Blooming fully bright, coltsfoot brings her Promise of the Light and Radiance of Spring from the deepening regenerative forces of Winter's Dark. In early Spring, before leaves cast shadowy images, petite candles stand erect on hardwood forest floors. Arriving at dawn, one can lie amongst their glow. As the sun warms the day, one then can watch the delieate unfolding petals of the beautiful bloodrool flower. A single protective leaf shelters this flower in her early development As it matures, the candlelight shoots up from the leaf and opens to fullness. Then the forest ground covering is a myriad of white stars with glowing golden centers. Heaven laying to rest a s~ll on Earth...Spirit blossoming with matter. Her special way of responding to the sun lends to us knowledge of her use as a flower essence. She follows the arc of sunlight across the blue Heavens then closes up silently to the cold night awaiting the Sun's ever re-appearing warmth for opening each day. The large green leaves developing at the end of her flowering season grow in the shape of a " colt's foot" and tell us of her ability to ground us as well as enlighten. My husband and I affectionately call coltsfoot our initiator. On a clear sunshiny day along a delightfully cold rushing mounrain creek, Edward and I searched the banks and boulders for signs of the radiant yellow ray F eelings of my sacredness flow while in the presence of Red Puccoon ( Indian for bloodroot). a revelation of my opening psyche. My initial experience of using bloodroot flower essence came like the swift flooding river over rapids, gurgling forth in living affirmations. Life affirming words came pouring forth from my being, streaming out. fd been struggling with the use of affirmations, but no more! I experience their inner wadrings now; I foci surprise and delight and laughter. The aeative process of receiving the Divine Feminine within began blossoming. T hrough this process Bloodroot becomes my friend ...sharing her self wilh me through the opening of my feminine psyche...and being so intimately here with me while I clear the cobwebs from my ancient cauldron. The exhilarating union with my feminine creative spirit and ageless wisdoms is coming home using bloodroot flower essence. As an herb, this member of the poppy family is known to be internally poisonous in all but small doses. The red root was used medicinally to make tinctures and decoctions for internal use , and external washes for skin Edward & Elaine Geouge are flower ess~nce infections. When freshly dug, the root of sanquinaria canadensis bleeds a red juice. Dried lovers living in Yancey Co., NC ga1herinY' flowers and wisdom to co-create flower and powdered roots were used by the Indians essences with Nature in KaJUah. as a dye and as a body paint These Appalachian Gower essences are available lhtough Flower Essence Services, P.O. Box 586, Nevada City, CA 95959. A.sic ror the research flower essence list. SPRING - 1988 KATUAH-page 13 �THE ORIGIN OF THE ANIMALS by Clyde Hollifield " lam a storyteller. You can take this story any way you want to - as a dream, a Ue, an exaggeration, a vision, or as the truth. l am only required to tell the tale. " Long, long ago, at the dawn ohime, there were only plants upon the Earth. No people, no animals, no birds, no fish - only plants. At first the plants were rather meager. T here were onl y algaes, liule mosses, lichens, and fems, but gradually they grew into larger species. The early trees began to develop. If you look at the geological record, you will see that animals came into existence about the same time that plants began to develop fruit, nuts, and grains. Of course, the animals could not have existed before this, because there would not have been anything to eat. Here is how it came to happen. Plants bad evolved for millions of years before any animal was even thought of. For eons they had experimented with dispersing seed using water and air as carriers. For a lot of the plants, this was a problem. Some, like the milkweed, bad learned to send their liule seeds on parachutes through the air. The cattails and the rushes experimented with floating seeds that were carried to the other shore of the lake and took root there. But many of the other plants could only drop their seed at the base of their own stem, and were thus crowded out by their own offspring. As the plants evolved, and their intelligence grew, some among them began to discuss a radically new way of dispersing seed. The oak trees, in particular, were precocious plants. They watc hed the mistletoe, the only mobile plant, which had no roots and flew from one oak tree to another. From this the oak trees got an idea: they would devise a small, living creature that could move !lllml around from one place to another, as the mistletoe was able to do. They called together the hickory trees, the walnut trees, the hazel, and all the other nut-bearing trees, and they made their plan. It being such a new idea, it was difficult at first to convince the other plants to allow it. "It'll never happen." "Ridiculous." "Go away," said the other trees, but the oak tree persisted. (Oaks are very persistant trees) .T hey agreed that they would design their creature so it would not harm the environment or intrude on the living spaces of the other trees and plants. They also agreed to provide total care for this little "animal" creature. You have probably guessed already that the animal they were devising was the squirrel. His job would be to plant oak seeds at some distance from the parent tree. lo exchange, the tree would offer him a place to live, hollow places in which to take shelter, and food in the form of acorns and nuts. They finally completed their task, and, as you can see to this day, the plan KATUAH- page 14 worked very well. A squirrel will get a mouthful of nuts, run down the tree, and go off into the woods a little way. Then he will dig a little hole, plant the seed right side up, and pack the din back around it very carefully. Then be will promptly forget where he's planted it. That's the business of the squirrel; it's in his nature. With the help of the squirrel, oak trees began to become a dominant tree on the Earth. The other trees began to think that maybe this was not such a silly idea after all, and the persimmon tree, the serviceberry, and the pawpaw got together and decided to create a creature of their own. The persimmon tree suggested an idea, and they all thought it was a good one, and carried it out. They made the possum. The possum was different from the squirrel. It was completely nomadic, it never denned up. This was an improvement because they did not have to provide the possum with a home, only food. The fruit trees were not as determined as the stout nut trees, and the possum was the lazy approach to making a squirrel. The fruit trees did not waste a lot of energy filling up the possum's brain housing. The possum, therefore, is not quick and clever like the squirrel. Face it, a possum is dumb. But the possum does not have to be smart, because it has a natural design advantage. It eats the sweet, ripe fruit off the trees. Then, as the possum meanders on through the forest, the fruit passes through its body, and when the possum is a good distance from the parent tree, the seeds are deposited .among tho leaves, neatly packed in a small bundle of fertilizer. But neither squirrels nor po5sums can cross large bodies of water;·and some of the other plants began to think that they would have a big advantage if they could come up with an animal that could fly. What a totally outrageous idea! None of the other plants thought it would work, but a daring group of plants - blackberries, blueberries, mulberries, and even cherries got together on it, and so many of them were working on the plan that they actually made it come about. They took the best features of the possum, passing the seeds through the digestive tract, combined with the brightness of the squirrel, and they designed their creature with wings and a new invention, feathers and this new being a bird - actually flew! With their mobility and sense of purpose, birds could fly to where a crop of berries were ripening, eat these, and fly, often for hundreds of miles, to where other berries were coming into season, depositing their seed packages along the way. These plants, too, took care of their own particular creature. They gave the birds materials to use in building a nest and a safe place back in among the briars or high in the tree branches to protect themselves and safely raise their young. The new idea worked splendidly, and there came to be more and more birds of all sizes and varieties, and at the same time more new and different animals were being created as well. SPRING - 1988 �But what plant devised the human beings? This is a question that bas baffled science for centuries. Some say that the humans were thought up by the intestinal bacteria. but l happen to know that the apple tree was responsible. The apple tree felt that life was becoming too confusing, because there were too many kinds of apples. Each young tree created from seed was different from its parents, and when the young ones crossed, they themselves produced entirely different types. It was a dilemma that required a quick and drastic solution. So the apple tree devised a creature with the intelligence to help them reproduce by cloning. In this way a strain would remain true to its original form. This required a creature with special qualifications. This creature needed to be able to graft a tree, and, when the graft was established, to transplant it in a good location, and then wait seven to ten years before being rewarded with any apples. This was a remarkable achievement. None of the other trees had created a creature that could do that. It took a coalition of different kinds of plants - the apple tree and other fruits, the grains, and the vegetables - to create and sustain the human animal. The new "animal" system was turning out to be successful beyond any plant's wildest expectations. The plants were doing extremely well. and there was hardly a pan of the Earth that they could not coloniz.e. But too much was happening at once. It was too much to control. The fust sign of trouble was when some lower orders of plants. being too lazy to take the trouble to devise and maintain their own animal or bird, grew seeds that could ride in other animal's fur. These were the hitcbikers: cockleburrs, beggar lice, agrimony, and others like them. This was just the beginning of the troubles. The animal kingdom that the plants had created took on a will of its own, and new animal species began appearing that the plants bad never dreamed of. Animals apppeared that ate the flesh of other animals and were not under the control of any of the plants. Other animals began to manipulate the environment to their satsfaction. Beavers, for instance, began gnawing down their host trees to build dams and lodges. Shocking! Before this only the plants had done anything to change the way of the world. A bad day came when the humans discovered fire. With fire they became the greatest threat to the plant world that had ever appeared. They could start fires, but they were not so proficient at putting them out. The humans made a lot of mistakes and did a lot of damage in the early days when they were learning how to manage fire. · The beautiful system the plants had created was careening out of control, and the plants could do nothing to bring it back into balance. The plant kingdom began to go on the defensive against the very creatures they themselves had created. Poisonous plants developed, vines and brambles appeared to hinder the animals' way through the forest. Long prickers grew on the locust tree and other plants that had never bome thorns before. The humans, their most complex creation, turned out to be devilishly adept at cutting, cleating, digging, and poisoning the SACRAMENT Candlemas Day divined one blue violet. Yesterday trout lilies were spawning down at the creek. I have saved a beeswax candle; there will be other times to celebrate the rites of spring: the planting of peas & potatoes, signs of urging warmth, a stirring of the earth, the surging of the body to stir the earth. One honeyed candle burns at an altar of lilies. bringing the poems of spring to light. -Janeice Ray RAIN HAS COME AGAIN Rain has come again after the dryest spring recorded deep in me the garden has leapt these past weeks-mullein sends up spires in the moonlight. The four o'clocks burn a bush of sweet purple, effigy of efflorescense. The garden is a dense verdant mass of growing summer vine & bush & stalk screaming recklessly open to foraging bees, wasps, bugs, birds, me. I think I have seen it climax, baptiz.ed in pale the night of the last full moon of summer, wide wide open and singing with life. Flowers of luffa glow yellow and grow long. Vines vein white; leaves in a mad ebb of chlorophyll drink in the sudden abundance of water and are reborn. The mute sundial casts gray & wan. Stolons passing underground fountain into spearmint. These are the showers of blessings. From the wetness comes redemption. - Janeice Ray - C01llinuod on page 21 SPRIN,9 - 1988 _ KATUAH-pagel5 �(These are lhe words of a traditional Cherokee 111-0dicinc person.) ON POWER There are three types of power, and they are: Power over others or power over ideas. This is the power to force other people to do certain actions, whether they would like ro or not. Personal power. This is the power of will. This power can bring ideas into physical form. A person can also use this power to step into a negative situation and change it into a positive situation by simple strength of will. The third kind of power is spiritual power, and this kind of power comes when one is connected to the Greater Life, which is the totality ofcreation. We must recognize that we are only a part of a greater whole. Then we will be able to receive spiritual power. This is the greatest power ofall. To attain spirirual power, one has to be open to it. This is done, not by cultivating a strong desire for spiritual power, but by recognizing a need for that power. This creates a hole or a space that the spiritual power can flow into. In the story of the Garden of Eden, it was separation, not fornication, that was man and woman's original failing in the Garden. Separation from the Greater Life is the source of all our limitations. We limit ourselves by emphasizing and valuing our egos, our fears, and our prejudices. This limits the spiritual power we can contain. We cannot be changed by the spiritual power if we indulge ourselves by dwelling on our limitations. What if your mother did do something that was not right to you when you were a kid?! The hell with it! We all have to continue and to live our own lives. Ask some spiritual people the simple question "How are you doing?" and they will say "Oh, I'm working on...... " and give a whole involved list of what they see as their personality defects. These people devote a good part of their attention and energy to what is holding them back, instead of thinking about how far they have gotten. If those people would think about how far they have gotten, they would be amazed at the resources they have to work with and what they could do. If they would share those resources and put them to use, they would find that they would grow mucli faster than by "working" on their limitations. 0 ne way to overcome our limits is by serving unselfishly. Most people begin to practice this in order to increase their spiritual power. This is ''serving selfishly," but service becomes a habit that is performed without thinking, and then it begins to woik. Another way to gain spirirual power is by practicing unconditional love. This means to love somebody without requiring that the person do something, be something, or act in any particular way to "deserve" that love. What a strong magic this is! Fasting is also useful in helping to become conscious of our limitations. We may feel that we cannot go four days without food or four days without food or water. But when we accomplish that, even if there is some bitching, we learn about how we can go beyond our limits. Praying is talking to the power of creation. When praying, express your feelings clearly. Any person who would pray for 15 minutes every day would witness remarkable changes in themselves and in the world. It does not maner how you identify the Spirit to which you pray. The action and sincerity of praying will bring amazing changes in just a few months. We have been told not to pray for ourselves, but to pray on behalf of others. The only thfog to ask for oneself is the strength and endurance to continue to serve the Creation and to help others. Praying is a humbling activity, because prayers must be humble to be sincere. A sincere prayer is powerful and can bring about real accomplishments. When even just one person is convinced that something is true, the power of that belief is enough to set changes in motion. If only one person sees an obvious injustice and knows that it is an injustice, that is enough to change the situation a little bit It may appear that nothing has happened, but if one person out of 100 can be changed, then much has been accomplished, because an idea grows like a seed, and once the seed is planted in someone's mind, that person will change somebody else, and the idea will keep growing and spreading in that way. Spiritual power is greatly magnified in the circle of the people. We need to get over our separation - literally - and come together to pray. If 20 people who are fairly clean inside gather together in the circle and hook into the power, that group could accomplish almost anylhing. Of course if there are people working in opposition to the goals of thls group. that limits the degree of unity that can be reached. And, of course, we cannot eliminate negativity and evil. If we did, there would be nothing in the world! Each of the opposing forces, positive and negative, is the basis for the other, but the negative can be neutralized or deflected by people's focussed energies. How is this done? On the spiritual level we do not try to defeat other people or their energies. Instead we 1ransform them by bringing them to the awareness that the world is a unified and connected entity, and that we are not separate from the world or from each other. Thus we achieve our goals by increasing the opposition's spirirual power! Conjuring in the traditional Cherokee medicine is a way a medicine person empowers his or her prayers. To bring about a healing, a medicine person first would pray and then would do conjuring, which is acting out the cure and seeing the result already accomplished. The act of conjuring opens part.S of the mind that do not act through verbalization and focusses the deeper power of the mind on the task at band. The old-time conjurors knew that praying does not take the place of action. The old Cherokee belief is: "You put the seed in the ground before you pray for the crops to grow." You do your work, and then you hook into the Greater Power to bring it to fruition. This is very sincere, very humble. The physical work is an important part of the magic. - continued on page 26 KATUAH - page 16 SPRING - 1988 �BEA TREE by Brian Ellis The following is a brief exercise I use frequently with children at camp and with adults at conferences. You may want to adjust the vocabulary to the child or group you are working .with. Be sure to add lots of pauses... and speak In a soft voice. F ind a tree that you feel really drawn towards, one that speaks of beauty...perhaps, one that you may have climbed in your youth. Stand facing that tree. If a small group, hold hands encircling the tree. Then, begin to center down, breathing deeply and relaxing. (At this point, I introduce the idea of "deep listening" or "hearing with your inner ear".) Ask, "Have you ever been sitting quietly, maybe thinking about a problem, and all of a sudden you hear a voice inside that tells you what you need to know? Or have you ever sort of known something and not known exactly where it came from? Well, that's a kind of deep listening. What we are going to do is to let our "inner ear" open to what this tree may want to share with us. Some of you might hear a song, a poem, or a story of what happened here long ago. For some of you it might be a feeling, pictures, or Images. Continue to breathe slowly and deeply. Keep your eyes closed and focus your attention on your feet. Wiggle your toes a little. Now imagine that you are growing roots. Feel your roots sinking down Into the soll, sprouting out In all directions. And like a tree, draw energy from the earth. Feel warm, healing energy flowing Into your roots, into your feet and legs, up your strong straight trunk. Feel Iha! energy coming from the earth up into your heart, shoulders, arms, and head. SPRING - 1988 Now Imagine yourself growing limbs, reaching out in all directions. Send earth energy from your body, up, out into your branches. Draw the warmth of the sun into your leaves. Feel the warm light soak down into you, filling your heart, filling your body and sinking down into the earth. Earth energy surging up through your roots; Sun energy pouring down through your branches...and mixing in your heart. Now feel your own heart send love, warm light, into this t.ree. Open your heart to this tree. Allow the love to flow back and forth. Take a few moments of silence and listen with your inner ear to what this tree might have to share with you...open your heart to this tree... (pause 2 - 5 minutes)...and know that you can always reconnect In this way. (again, pause) Now it Is time to finish up. Remember to give the tree thanks...now draw back into your heart. Feel your body becoming human. Feel how strong and healthy it feels to be a human being. Wiggle your toes and fingers, drop hands and stretch. Open your eyes and shake your arms and legs. Feel how vibrant and alive you feel! Now give the tree a hug, maybe a kiss and a deep thank you. At this point, I give folks a chance to share what it felt like to be a tree, or something the tree shared with them. Almost every time people have really powerful feelings of empathy and often some neat idea or bit of wisdom. I remember once a girl shared a real clear image of what the place looked like when the tree was a sprout. Another time a child said, "The tree told me how old it ls...157". I have counted a lot of rings on a lot of trees and I would have guessed it was about 150orso. Please be careful when you lead this exercise with a group. Let them know what they are getting Into and carefully guide them out. Please try it many times by yourself or with an experienced guide before leading others. And make offerings to the spirit of the forest. Mo/ All my relations/ Walk in Balance~ BRIAN ELLIS (alias Flying Fox) /iv9s in Celo, NC. HB is a dynamic storytBllBr, pOBt, and songw1iter as well as a membBr of lhB National Association for the PBrpetuation and Preservation of StorytBliing. KATUAH-page 17 �an issue when dealing with the giant utility corporations, but Duke Power Co. in panicular seems to have a hazy conception of the difference between public service and corporate adventurism. The company bas promised ratepayers in t h e ir recently-acquired NP&L territories that for several years their rates will remain lower than those of Duke customers on !he piedmont. After that promise has expired, however, Dulce's new dependents may find themselves contributing the capital to fuel Duke's continued corporate expansion. NATURAL WORLD NEWS THE LATEST WORD IN NUCLEAR WASTE P ANTHERTOWN SOLD! Nllllr&I Worid Naws Service High at the headwaters of the east fork of the Tuckaseegee River lies a valley called Panthertown. The beauty of the valley's striking features was for many years a secret known only to a few. But Panthertown may soon be crossed by a Dulce Power high-voltage electric al transmission line. The site has recently been the focus of much attention and activity, but for a long time it lay in relative obscurity, the property of the Liberty Life Insurance Company, which limited access to the area. Before last year few people knew of the white, domed cliffs that framed the valley and the sttcams and waterfalls that graced the location. When Liberty Life decided to unload the 7100-acre tract, they tagged it with an aslcing price of $10 million. Congress passed bills in both houses, one sponsored by NC Senator Terry Sanford and the other by Rep. Jamie Clarice of the NC Eleventh Distriet, that appropriated $6 million toward the purchase. But this was not enough for Liberty Life, so the Nature Conservancy, a private land conservation organization, went to work to try to engineer the purchase to bring the prized site into the public domain. For financial reasons, the Nature Conservancy let its option on the Panthenown tract lapse. Immediately Duke Power stepped in and bought up the prope.rty for the $10 million asking price. Dulce is in the final stages of acquiring the holdings of the Nantahala Power and Light Co. (NP&L), and the utility has been rapidly buying up land in the Panthertown area to create a link between the NP&L territory and Duke's other facilities in the Piedmont. The high-profile, high tension wires will span 30 miles to join a station in the Jocassee watershed area to a tie-in in the Tuckaseegee district that links with all the NP&L facilities. The proposed ttansmission line will cost $30 million to build. It is unclear whether Dulce's expressed interest in the Panthertown property contributed to Liberty Life's intransigence in the land dealings. Duke has been willing (and is certainly able) to pay a high price to obtain clear ownership and avoid any public accountability over the route. The corporation has reportedly paid exorbitant rates for small-acreage tracts, so as to have complete control over the proposed right-of-way. That control is now virtually consolidated, and Duke is acting the part of a magnaminious benefactor who might KAUIAH- page l8 - - -~--~ compromise its own interests to accomodate those who wish to preserve the beauty and habitat areas in the Panthertown valley, rather than a public agency that must consider the best interests of all in its decisions. In other words, Duke is holding all the cards, and those who arc interested in keeping the valley in a wild state arc scrambling to petition the company to take the least obtrusive route for the proposed power line. While the utility corporation's first proposal was to run the high-tension wires down the middle of the valley corridor, there are now several alternate routes under consideration. Ralph Bauman, land acquisition officer for the US Forest Service, has indicated that the agency is open to land swaps of adjoining National Forest land to make alternative routes possible. Congressman Clarke's office and the Nature Conservancy are still hopeful of acquiring the unused remainder of the property a fter the locatio n of the transmission corridor is set The route of the proposed power line will affect other areas as well. From the power house at Bear Lake through the magnificent Tuckaseegee Gorge, the Tuckasccgee River valley is pristine with no sign of human habitation. A route should be chosen that would spare the river the massive intrusion of a high-voltage line. The installation of the new power line will be tho culmination of decades of corporate planning and desire on the part of Duke Power. The company has the dubious honor of being known as efficient and effective managers of nuclear reactors, because they have been making their stoclcholdcrs substantial profits from the generation of nuclear power while other utilities have beeen backpedaling from the nukes lilce the proverbial "hot potato." In recent years Duke has maintained an aggressively expansionist stance. Their insistence on initiating a gig antic engineering project to generate electricity on Coley Creek in the Jocassec watershed when the need for that amount of power remains still unproven, and the enormous size of the proposed transmission line that is to penetrate the Panthertown area has raised questions that perhaps the company is contemplating a move into TV A territory in east Tennessee, as the TVA nuclear plants along the Tennessee River are currently inoperable. There has been speculation that Duke plans to install yet another reactor on the shores of the Oconee lakes to funnel power west to accomplish this goal. Public accountability has always been Nllunl Worid News Service Under the t e rms of the Johnston-McClure Bill passed by Congress in December, 1987 an unwilling state of Nevada was chosen as the site of the first nuclear waste repository. The bill also eliminated the eastern repository - which in politicians' language means, "eliminated the eastern repository for awhile." An area overlapping Madison, Buncombe, and Haywood counties in Katilah was considered a lilcely site for the eastern dump. The Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) facility, a "temporary" storage area which the Department of Energy is counting on to hold tons of spent nuclear fuel rods that become government property in 1996, was re-ratified in principle, but no construction work may be begun until a site for the first underground repository is clearly decided. As part of the political dealings around the bill, the states of Tennessee and South Carolina were grant.e d immunity from consideration as MRS sites. A . three-person panel will be appointed by Congress to study the need for a MRS facility, which may delay plans for the facility somewhat, and a negative finding by the commission will most certainly strengthen opposition to the MRS. A DOE study at Yucca Mountain, NV, the favored first repository site, shows a strong possibility !hat groundwater contamination may occur. This may delay first repository siting and therefore slow the MRS as well. Johnston-McClure serves notice that if a politically feasible solution presents itself, Congress will seize it immediately to hasten an end to the nuclear waste debacle. The bill does buy us additional time. Meanwhile, heed the words of Congressman Clarke: "We must be prepared to fight any future plans to locate an MRS facility in our region." ENDANGERING AN ENDANGER ED SPECIES T he Roanoke logperc h, an endangered species, will become more endangered if developers and ignorant public officials of Roanoke County, VA have their way. Their plan is IO withdraw most of the flow of the Roanoke River and pump it into the proposed Spring Hollow Reservoir. Even after strenuous opposition from a citizens' group, "Friends of the River" and SPRJNG - 1988 �milder opposition from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Virginia, a colonel of the US Army Corps of Engineers responsible for the project "leans" toward approval of the reservoir. The question for people interested in the future of the river is, "Arc the profits to be made from this project worth sucking away the habitat of an endangered species?" If the answer to this question seems clear, send a letter of protest to: US Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box 1890 Wilmington, NC 28401 EVEN CANTON IS DOWNSTREAM Na.tural World News Scrv""' "We have to give quality water to our people!" shrilled C.W. Hardin, the mayor of the town of Canton, NC. A turnabout on the question of Champion International Paper Company's effluent discharge? Not hardly. It was discovered that a faulty wastewater treatment system was discharging improperly treated effluent into the little Pigeon Creek, which feeds into the Pigeon River from which Canton draws its drinking water. The system handles wastes from the Pisgah Inn, a concession on the Blue Ridge Parkway at the head of the Pigeon River watershed. It was Canton's tum to be downstream. Public health officials closed down the old treatment plant, but the inn bas a permit to install a new system that would again discharge imo Little Pigeon Qcclc. Unfortunately, that permit was sought and received without consultation with the Environmental Advisory Board of the Blue Ridge Parkway. The board has among its members Dr. Dan Pittillo and Dr. Garrett Smathers, well-known and respect¢d scientists in the region, who sincerely care about the fragile ridge-top environment the Parkway traverses. "Overload on the original facilities was a contributing cause to the system failure, " said Pittillo, ''but they are adding even more buildings and extending the paved roads in the campground even further. And flushing down oil from the gas station and chemicals from RV chemical toilets is not going to help. Those substances kill organisms in the biological treatment system and will slow or possibly stop decomposition. "The Pisgah Inn is acting like any business: it's trying to get more and more people in. And the Parkway administration is saying everything is alright, but it's not alright. 'They need to remember where they are. That is a very delicate area, and the greatest resource they have up there is the area itself. ''The whole operation needs to be reviewed. Perhaps it is time for a study to determine a ceiling on the traffic the area can handle." Serious questions arise when people throng to a delicate area like the top of the Pisgah Ridge. Those questions are always close to tho surface when vigilant watchdogs like the Environmental Advisory Board and the town of Canton are standing up for water quality. SLOWING THE LAND RUSH NllUnl World News Seivice Two concurrent bills now before the Georgia state legislature offer some relief against the rampant development proceeding unimpeded in the north Georgia hill country. The Senate unanimously passed Bill 393, the Mountain Protection Act, which restricts development on lands over 2200 feet in elevation and with more than a 25 percent slope to one single-family unit per acre. Within the area of the bill's jurisdiction only one single-family dwelling or six-family unit could be built per acre. No structure may extend more than 40 feet above the ridge line. The measure also provides that any land on which more than 40 percent of the forest cover is removed must be reforested. Other minimum standards would require an environmental assessment and landscape plan for commercial construction, a soil erosion prevention plan for agricultural activities, and would permit private logging activities only after a harvest plan had been professionally prepared. A similar bill is now before the Natural Resources Committee of the GA House of Representatives. The House bill has been modified to restrict construction on lands over 1200 feet in elevation that maintain a 33 1/3 percent slope over a distance of 500 feet In other respects the bill as it stands before the House is only slightly different from the measure that passed the Senate. One clause in the House bill attempts to put some teeth into the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Act by allowing the GA Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to charge counties and municipalities for the services of the DNR if the agency has to move in to enforce the terms of the anti-erosion law. Although the Mountain Protection Act is just a beginning at alleviating human pressures on the north Georgia habitat, it bas attracted a major amount of attention. With the legislative session nearing its close, it is in doubt whether there is time for the House to pass its version of the bill and work out a joint measure with the Senate to give Georgia a much-needed land use Statute. EARTH SHAKE! NlllnU World News Seivice The mountains trembled Wednesday evening, February 17, as a minor earthquake shook Cherokee, Clay, and Graham counties in western North Carolina and parts of eastern Tennessee at 7:30 P.cc. The tremor, centered near Robbinsv11le, NC, registered 3.8 on the Richter scale. No damage was reported. Residents who experienced the quake felt a vibration and beard a rumbling noise at the time of the event. Some reported feeling a brief sensation of being under pressure, as is experienced when one goes deep underwater. ©~ TRACHEAL BEE MITE INVADES WESTERN SLOPE Nallllal World News Service Bee colonies in the Katuab region have come under attack by the tracheal bee mite, a destructive intemaJ parasite. Officials of the Tennessee State Agricultural Extension Service announced that the state bee inspector found hives dying from mite infestations in Greene County, TN and Monroe County, TN during the month of January. The mites are suspected to have arrived in shipments of bees from South Carolina. Once established, the mites spread rapidly. The infestation was first reported within the national boundaries of tho United States only four years ago. Since that time it has spread to locations in 30 states. Bees throughout the region are now under immediate threat of the parasite invasion. Chemical poisons cannot be used inside of bee hives, as they contaminate honey and beeswax in the hive, so commercial beekeepers are deprived of the orthodox method of recourse. The TN Extension Service does not know of any natural defenses the bees have against tho parasite. The only known method to protect bees from the tracheal mite is complete isolation of the hive. Hardest hit by the infestation will be commercial apiarists who routinely import bees and equipment. To commercial producers, replacing lost hives means a financial loss in labor and equipment costs. Honey producers who survive the mite attack will not receive premium prices for their honey, according to the Extension Service announcement, because cheaper, imported honey will make up for any shortage in the regional supply. Allergenics and those who depend on local honey supplies may have to look harder for honey this summer, and there will be fewer honeybees to pollinate the apple blossoms and sunflowers this year. - continued next SPRING - 1988 ~ KATUAH- page 19 �EPA TESTING FOR DIOXIN IN PIGEON RIVER Nllllnl World News Service Who knows what evil lurks in the murky shadows of the Pigeon River? Officials of the Champion International Paper Co. have consistently claimed that it is only the excessive coloration of their corporate effluent that keeps the Pigeon River barren and lifeless below the Canton paper mill in Haywood County, NC. They are fond of deriding "environmentalists'" and other residents' concerns about the river as a big flap based on arbitrary regulations of "harmless" colorants. River fish say otherwise, having deserted the river in droves, leaving only a few species of pollution-tolerant "garbage fish" to inhabit the lower reaches of the Pigeon. Now, alerted by reports of the highly toxic compound dioxin being found in the effluents of other paper-making companies that employ a process similar to that used at the Canton mill, the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has ordered that fish samples be taken from the river to test for that substance, which is a deadly carcinogen. Dioxin was a primary component of the herbicide 2,4,5,-T, which gained notoriety as the defoliant Agent Orange in Vietnam and which came under attack in this country as a dangerous substance that causes cancers and mutations. Fish samples from both the NC and TN stretches of the Pigeon River have been sent to the EPA for analysis. The samples were obtained by an elecao-shock technique that stuns f1Sh within an eight-foot radius of the point of contact with a powerful electrical source.The fish are then gathered and sent to EPA laboratories in Atlanta for testing. Tennessee officials had to return to the river for a second round of fish-gathering after taking initial samples in January, 1988. They did not bring in enough fish in their first try to make an adequate sample. The government fishermen said that the water in the deep pools where they fished was a dark brown color. They complained of the foul smell of the river. Local people living along the riverbanks said that although fish were few in the river, they would catch what they could, untiJ lhrcc years ago when, according to one resident, the fish "had a lcind of blue mold on them and their eyes were funny-looking." Dioxin has been shown 10 pass along the foodchain via small, bottom-feeding fish and into the larger predator fish. Officials from Champion International and the state of Tennessee are involved in protracted negotiations that might perhaps resolve the immediate fate of the river. The EPA has indicated that it would be amenable to ratifying a compromise agreement on color standards for the Pigeon, if one could be reached. The fish say that unless the river is cleaned up completely, they will noc return. The Dead Pigeon River Council (DPRC) is a group of western slope residents who feel victimized by Champion's misuse of the river. The group KATIJAH - page 20 was a strontt voice urging the EPA to undertake the dioxin testing. They also have been persiste.ntly urging the TN Department of Health and Environment to undertake a study of the abnormally high number of cancer deaths of residents of the downstream community of Hanford, TN. An informal survey by residents of the town (population 500) revealed that 167 cancer deaths have occurred there in the past 20 years. The Cocke County commu ' t;y is .locally known as "Widowville." The TN Water Quality Control Board will test Hanford's well for contamination of the local water table by river water pending a review of the EPA 's dioxin tests. ConlOCI: The Dead Pigeon River Council 803 Prospect Ave. Newport, TN 37821 MEETINGS CALLED ON TOXIC SPRAYING Nanni World News Set\lice Carol McGincbey, Mary Ann Delany, and Nancy Barnhardt are three women who litcralJy cannot stand toxic chemicals in the environment. The women, who are from neighboring Floyd and Patrick counties, VA, have body systems that are extremely sensitive to toxic chemicals. They have suffered acute symptoms of poisoning in the presence of chemical insecticides and herbicides. The three arc acting as a liason committee between community people and state agencies on the questions of agricultural and silvicultural spraying. They are meeting with Dennis Anderson of the Vrrginia Forest Service and a representative of the state Agricultural Extension to discuss the spraying of the herbicide "Round-up" to weed out young broadleaf trees, particularly yellow locust, which contend with young plantings of white pines, and the spraying of "Paraquat" as a pre-emergence herbicide oo "no-till" com plantings. Nancy experiences liver problems and respiratory ailments in the presence of the poisonous sprays. "When I feel an aching sensation in the area near my liver," she says, "I start to ask around. If I investigate, I always find that someone is spraying nearby." Carol has more extreme symptoms in the presence of the toxics. Her body reacts with a high fever, sore throat, numbness of the extremities, nausea, and extreme fatigue. "I was laid out in bed for three or four days at a time in several instances last spring and summer," she said. The women maintained communication with Anderson during last year's spraying season. The Forest Service officer said it was almost uncanny how the women pinpointed his spraying schedule through their bodily reactions. The women also approached the Appalachian Power Co. about clearing brush under their transmission lines by mechanical means rather than with poisonous herbicides. The company is now considering the idea. This year the three are meeting with Anderson and the state Extension Service before the spraying season to communicate the depth of feeling that some area residents have about this question and to suggest measures like publicizing spraying schedules so sensitive people can avoid the toxic clouds. "We are going to meet with them in a non-confrontational way," said Carol, "to tell them about our needs and viewpoints, and to seek out any common ground we may have about this issue." "Everyone, whether they know it or not, is affected by these poisons near our living-places," said Nancy. "Everyone who is exposed accumulates those complex chemical compounds within their bodies to the detriment of their life and overall health. Because our special sensitivity causes us to have immediate, visible reactions to the poisons, we have been selected to be the buffer between the sprayers and the general community." Suppon the women advocates of air that is clean and safe to breathe. Investigate toxic spraying in every part of the bioregional province. To offer suppon, or to receive advice and a standard survey form to evaluate the effects of chemical poisons in the local environment. write to: Nancy Barnhardt P.O. Box 417 Aoyd, VA 24091 US FOREST SERVICE RELENTS ON RIVERS Nawn! World News SCNlce 104 miles of eleven rivers in Katuah are among 35 rivers and 98,000 acres of riparian land in the southeast that are at least temporarily protected by agreements with US National Forest supervisors. "Binding comminmcnts" by the US Forest Service (USFS) provide for evaluation of ponions of these rivers to be included into the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System and five 10 ten years of protection while the study is being carried out. Only the parts of the rivers on National Forest land arc presently under consideration. The agreement was negotiated by the American Rivers organization with the assistance of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund. Highly pleased with the results of their talks, American Rivers withdrew motions of appeal the group had filed against the forest management plans for the National Forests involved. American Rivers is a non-profit organization seeking legal protections for rivers in the US. FORECAST: CLOUDY UNLESS THE PEOPLE ACT! Nllllnl World News Service Against overwhelming economic, scientific, and ecological evidence, incineration still persists among technocrats as a preferred choice for solid waste disposal. The engineering mentality apparently demands a technological solution to the waste disposal problem, as it has in so many aspects of our society. Yee, when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced their opinion that incineration of Asheville's dehydrated sewage sludge by the metropolitan Sewage District (MSD) would require no environmental impact assessment, such a squall of protest arose that the agency extended the public comment period, and is now considering public SPRING- 1988 �petitions for a full environmental irnJ?act statement. Local residents and organizations have sent documentation to the EPA that the most favored alternative, biological composting, as well as being cheaper, is ecologically safer. The airborne emissions from incinerator p lants simply move pollution into the upper at:m0sphere, and the leftover ash is in most cases classified as a hazardous waste. Dangerous cadmium levels from industrial process wastes in Asheville's sludge can only be removed by an electrostatic precipitator. This is much more expensive that the Venturi scrubber process currently budgeted by the MSD and might make the cost of incineration prohibitive. Activists have also informed the EPA that land next to the MSD facilicy is available to buy, which would considerably lower MSD cost estimates for composting, which were boosted by the addition of expenses for transportation and transportation equipment to move the sludge to a distant site. Cocke Councy, TN is also flirting with the incineration alternative for waste disposal. A Nashville, TN company, ironically called Resource Recovery Tech nology, has approached the commissioners of the west slope councy with a package plan in which the private corporation .would assume all construction costs for an incineration facilicy and charge a disposal fee of $18-22 per ton of trash. As Cocke Co. is producing about 100 tons of refuse daily, the cost for incine.ration would likely be over $100,000 per year. Steam power from the incineration plant would be sold to a local industry for additional profits for the contractor. Apparently, Resource Recovery Technology Co. did not mention toxic gases and heavy metal particulate matter among the benefits of the plan. CSI WASTE INCINERATOR waL BE CLOSED The county commissioners of Caldwell Councy announced that they will close the Caldwell System Inc. (CSI) hazardous waste incinerator. There is a major law suit pending involving the county commissioners, Caldwell Systems, and several local ci ti:zens. At issue is the fate of a dairy farmer located just below the plant who bas suffered a complete Joss of his business due to health concerns about his product. Other local citizens in the neighborhood have suffered r ashes and burns, and a study commissio ned by members of the local chapter of the Western North Caro lina Alliance uncovered evidence of toxic soot falling miles away on the 1-40 expressway. CSI is offe ring an out-of-court settle ment, whic h is meeting mixed reactions from local citizens. The company wants to shut down its operation but use the site for hazardous waste storage for five years. Many feel that plan is unacceptable and want guarantees of verifi able monitoring written into any agreement. From WNCA "Issues Update" available from WNCA; Box 180 ~ Asheville, NC 28814 P' SPRING - 1988 The Origin of the Animals continued from page IS plant people. They even learned to hybridi:ze the plants. By stealing their reproductive power the humans gained control over the plant kingdom. They made the plants serve as human food sources, instead of cooper ating in serving the plants as seed-bearers, as it was intended to be. This is a most dangerous new development. Hybridization is causing the disappearance of the str0ng, old varieties that could reproduce themselves. They are being replaced by new varieties that, although they better serve the humans' immediate purposes, are weak and not able to stand up to stressful conditions like the natural varieties. By their desire for control, the humans are putting themselves in jeopardy. If their ltost plants cannot swvive in the world as it changes, then the humans will perish as well.. The humans also have still not learned to control their fire. Their powerful nuclear fire is the most dangerous form yet discovered. This above all causes the plants to be concerned about the future of the world which has been thrown so out balance by their wayward experiment. But the story continues. It is not over yet. There may be other developments in the evolutionary game. Who knows? The world may be returned to the plants. once again. Plants are more immune to radiation than animals. They mutate and change in the presence of radiation; they are not as likely to die and become extinct. Plants eat sunlight, which is one fonn of radiation. They may find the means to utilize other types of radiation. They are far ahead of the humans in that respect and may once again become the masters of the planet It is obvious from this look at our history that if we want to fulfill our true purpose on Earth, we should save seeds and propagate plants. That is our inborn duty and one of the most healthy things we can do for our world. / Rediscovering Heirloom Seeds Janeice Ray Hybridization has taken the ancient art of seed-saving away from us. F-1 hybrids (meaning first filial generation) are a forced genetic cross between two unalike parents and exhibit unusual vigor and uniformity. Their seeds, when grown out, revert back to some ancestral strain. Hybrids must be re-crossed year after year by seed companies, so we become totally dependent upon them for the basic source of our food. The uniformity of hybrids produces vulnerability to crop failure. Hybridization and the lack of varieties shrinks the genetic base of our crops, leaving them in a weakened state. This caused the potato famine In Ireland in the 1840's · the people were growing only a few varieties of potatoes, which were not blight resistant, and the country starved when the disease spread through the fields. Crop diversity may save us in the future when we are searching for a gene that may withstand the environmental problems that our world faces. Are there varieties that can take the effects of acid rain? Or of shifting weather patterns? Some old variety may be the answer, and we need to keep those gene pools alive. So I am convinced to buy only standard, open-pollinated varieties, no matter how amazing the hybrids sound, and I am learning to save my own seeds. I buy seeds from small, family-owned seed companies. Many of the major companies have been taken over by huge corporations, usually petrochemical in nature. The smaller companies with the less glossy catalogs (most of whJch enoourage seed independence) need our support. The Graham Center Seed and Nursery Directory published by the Rural Advancement Fund is a wonderful resou rce for localing these seedspeople. Send a few dollars to: Rural Advancement Fund P.O. Box 1029 Pittsboro, NC 27312 I am beginning to plant heirlooms - vari eties our foreparents grew for generations. With the advent of seed companies, many of these were lost, many endangered, and only now are folks rediscovering them and returning them to our collective gene pool. The book to read is Heirloom Gardening by Carolyn Jabs, and the place to connect with like-minded people is: The Seed Savers' Exchang~ Rt. 3, Box 239 Decorah, IA 52101 Here are a few seed companies offering open-pollinated and traditional varieties: Johnny's Selected Seeds Albion, ME 04901 JL. Hudson,Seedsman P.O. Box 1058 Redwood City, CA 94064 (Catalog: $1 J)()) F/Qating MoUlltain Seeds P.O. Box 1275 Port Angl!les, WA 98362 forganically-grqwn heirWoms ca1a/og: $1 .00) BounJiful Gar<kns 5798 Ridgewood Rd. Willits, CA 95490 (open-pollint1led, untrea1ed) Southern Exposure Seed Exchange P.O. Box 158 North Garden, VA 22959 (Caralog: $1 J)()) Peace Seeds 1130 TetJu:row Rd. Williams, OR 97544 (Caralog: $1 .00) Seeds Blum ldalw City Stage Boise, ID 83707 (1-ltirloom seeds, catalog $2.00) KATUAH - page 21 �DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH Dear Katuah My husband and I own 40+ acres in Kaniah. We have no children and are concerned about whnt will happen to our land when we die. We would like 10 sec it prorected, not subdivided, and used in a way that is kind to the earth hopefully continuing the organic gardening & orcharding we arc doing, carefully using and preserving the forest land, etc. Ideally we would also like to sec it benefit people in need. A lot to ask! If you have any ideas or can refer us to anyone with solutions for this sort of situation, we would appreciate it. We don't want to sec the place tied up in such a way as to be useful to no one. Thanks for any help you can give us. Shalom, Sheila Wofsy Reggie Lenoir Rt. 1Box178 Suchcs, GA 30572 Dear Editor, Someone who did not identify themselves sent me an unsolicited photocopy of your Fall, 1987 issue of K.i1.iah containing the article "Smells Like Money To Me" CKiW.i\11 #17 - ed.) The author presented a corporacc image of the wealth of the Champion Corporation, however implications in the article were critical because Haywood County had not diversified the economy, and because Champion did little to support quality of life, including this generation of Haywood County residents. True, the mill is old, and Haywood County should be offering incentives to keep the industry, and to assure that better environmental controls arc the goal. In the meantime, children are threatened by the attitude of fear and unrest that prevails because their parents, grandparents, and neighbors are frightened. If your publication is truly interested in the bio-technical development of Southern Appalachia, publish positive approaches about appropriate industrial development which will match our workforce, our geographical terrain, our water and sewerage supply, our cultural and ethnic heritage. Please include articles 10 which the common man who has a sense of stewardship for the earth can relates. l am of Scotch-Irish descent, a daughter of generations of farmers who valued land. Today I see developers cutting into the mountains wilhout regard to the sediment which will be altered and moved into our streams. l see local real estate developments over-building on fragile land sites. J see that the larger number of land holders are no longer full time residents of the county. A land use plan is a critical issue for Haywood County. An indusrrial recruitment plan would add balance to the economy. Yes, I care about poUotion, but try to be comprehensive in future articles rachcr than singling out our "greatesc bread basket" in Haywood. r believe a reasonable solution such as a five-year plan could be implemented. Sincerely, Ernestine E. Upchurch Maggie Valley, NC Thank you/or your thbughtful reply. - The Editors Hopefully KJJ.nu11J 1120 will be ofsome help. - Editors The Stones at Laurel Creek The stones here are shoulders and elbows of the lover I looked for everywhere I travelled to anive hen: poking through her garment of rhododendron, shaped by the rush of her laughter, pools of thought I feel her enjoying my step best when I step naked, enjoying it Like the pause when the fingers seem to listen to the skin and forget which name the lover has and what color the skin, I bend to soothe my bands on her tender grain Through the slow, gigantic pulse of sun in stone I suddenly recognize her- "Mother!" (bur even thar is just a name She lies under every itch and movement ofmy f001 and I have only known her by names-) - Stephen Wing KAlUAH - page 22 Awakening Soft vault of sleep attended darkness Quiet folds around me silence screams In the midst of pitch my eyes arc opened to wondrous views ineffable Angel's garments, as white smoke gently billowing as they tum My mouth is opened to kiss hot coals burning away mortality I change and enter, again, the womb of infinity - Diane Yeager SPRING - 1988 �Dear Katuah - An idea we have been considering here in Spring CTCCk is the Community Computer Bulletin Board This is an interlocking system of computers in users' households that are connected by telephone lines to a central computer that stores the messages that folks wa.nt to share with their neighbors. The networlc could be set up on a local or regional level. The system could be used for communication, keeping records, playing games, word processing, and planning various projects. The network could coordinate bulk purchases of commonly-used items like clothing, shoes, tires, seeds, and fertilizer to obtain substantial discounts. People could barter, buy and sell, call for help, announce a baby, share car-pool infonnation.....the list of uses is endless. The information on the bulletin board appears on the individual TV sets or monitors in the users' homes or places of business. The central computer is located in the home of the system operator. If desired, the computers could connect to national and international networks, so the bulletin could extend all over the world. If a user had a telephone and a TV set, the minimum cost to buy a computer would be around $270. The cost of the central computer and its operation would be shared by the users. If any readers are interested in the Community Computer Bulletin Board idea, please have them contact me. John Artley Rt 1, Box 27-A Hot Springs, NC 28743 (704) 622-7421 Flowers I'm cleaning up the inner environment I'm plowing the fear to prepare the soil I'm mixing the elements to make my hean fertile rm weeding the hun 4:00 A.M. Grandmother moon is caught in the branches of the tulip tree. My husband's arm is around me. She calls out her longing. We hold the crystal aloft and catch her Light in its center. This moment is Forever. Our moccasins lie still Upon the flintstone. to care for the love I'm coming up flowers - Colleen Redman SPRING - 1988 - Rose Morningstar Bryson City, NC Drawings by Kore Loy McWhiner KATI IAH - oa2e 23 �continued from page 5 From The Perelandra Garden Workbook: Deva of Soil When Jmmans open a garden, any garden, a note is sounded within the devic level. One mustn.'tforget that a garden is a man.made invention. Therefore, the sounding of the note indicating that one is w be created must come from humans. When such a thing occurs, 1he devic level immediately responds by creating the numerous energy units which will even.tually be grounded into form. When a human sounds the note with the intent to work in co-creative partnership with devas and n.ature spirits, that note is very different in sound, quality, and vibration. If I were w use an orchestra as an example, I would say that in the case of the ordin.ary garden, the note sounded would be that of one instrument. Add to it the intent to co-create the garden with nature itself, and one would suddenly hear a full orchestra sounding a deep and vibran.t multi-levelled chord. Nawre, on all its levels, will respon.d in kind. The various energy units we on the devic level create when the single note is heard is very different from the units we create when the full orchestra is sounded. So from the instant you sound the note with the more expanded intent, you will set off creation and movement on a far grander scale. As Machaelle's relationship with the garden grew, she found herself appreciating the quallity and integrity of the relationship itself as much as the fruits and vegetables produced. From The Perela11dra Garden Workbook: Deva ofthe Pere/andra Garden The physical planting process of a garden is not the primary issue. What is of utmost importance is attitude and i111ent... I have specifically chosen dance (as metaphor for the garden)for in order w parricipatefully within dance, one must lift his spirit, center his senses.focus his thoughts in essence, he must strike an attitude that will allow him to hear the mu.sic all the way into his soul and move in accordance to that music. It is this attimde I wish to convey for one who wishes to move into the garden in harmony with what is happening there.... ...Through (your mind and heart), the music will 1nove an.d you will naturally move with ~t both within and outside yourself. And you will be most surprised at the ease and grace in which you. your tools, and your young plants and seeds join in effortless movement. ...My experience in the harvesting process has been to sense joy and celebration for a job well done. At special times, I can feel all of nature around me, on its various levels, literally celebrate not just the health and balance of the garden, but the resulting incredible production as well. When I approach gardening, it is with my sights set on creating a bala111ced, healthful environment. I don't consider production. That automatically takes care of itself. So there is always a moment of happy surprise on my part when 1 realize the green bean row has produced a whole slew of beans. It may sound terribly naive, but I think this probably illusttates best how changed my thoughts, focus and intent are around gardening. The larger issue of humankind's relationship with nature is a central theme in the messages Machaelle receives from the devas. It is in her garden that the macrocosm becomes revealed by the microcosm. KATUAH - page 24 Photographs by Clarence Wright The devic messages address the importance of reverence for life in the Perelandra garden as well as the importance of reverence for all of life. Machaelle's sensitivity and attention to the Perelandra garden opens up for her a "window" on the needs and cures for the whole planet. Machaelle Small Wright's journey to the center of her garden was a long one. The first half of her autobiographical work, Behaving, recalls a childhood of intense pain and trauma. Yet the chaos of events, memories, and feelings has now become a sensible whole. Through her garden, the healing of herself and of the land has become a single and continual process. It is in her garden that Machaelle has taken the opportunity to interact in a daily, conscious way with the dynamic energies present there. Through her works, she offers us the inspiration and encouragement t_o begin the endeavor ourselves. From Tiie Perela11dr0: Garden Workbook: ...The Perelandra garden is my life, my. heart aoo . my very breath. It is my friend, my healer, my nurturer and teacher - about myself, my planet and my unjverse ... .. .It has taught me about power - my own and that which is contained in all life around me. About equality. About balance. About teamwork on a peer level... ... And it has taught me that we are a vibrant, active planet fully participating in a larger, loving whole. / Excerp<s rq>rinJedfrom The Pcrclandra Garden Workbook with f"m1issit111. Machaelle Small Wriglu has just completed her third book, eniitled Flower Essences: Reordering Our Understanding and Approach to Illness and Health. It will be available in June 1988. Gardening workshops and an annual open house are held at Perelandra during the summer and early fall. For schedules and infomlillion or to order any of Macluulle's books. meditation tapes orflower essences, write 10: Perelandra, Box 136. Jefferson/on. VA 22724. Excerpts selected by Christina Morrison with Mamie Mui/er and Sam Gray assisting. SPRING - 1988 �The true art of dancing is dancing what comes out and not following the rules. Dancing ho~ you want. Because if you follow rules your soul will never get to show you the dance you've known ever since you were born. - Emily 1dance within myself And look without Joy within Sadness without Music within Silence without Lying on my bed Waiting for morning to come The moon sings to me About the sun Words by Emily Turner, age 6 with Drawings by Amelia Brommer, age 8 SPRING - 1988 KATIJAH - page 25 �900€£ me€£i.ci.ne continued from 1>3ge 16 What people call "visualii.ation" today is a fonn of conjuring. People can visualiu: a healing and by putting their collective energy behind it and getting some sense of how it fits in with the all, they can "push it with power." It is best not to try to visualize a specific end to a situation, because that limits lhe possibilities. Also, things seldom tum out the way we plan. It is bes1 10 visualiu: a return to balance and hannony and to encourage the awareness that the lives of all things are interrelated. However, I do see anything lhat works against the Life Force as a whole as being negative and evil. Nuclear arms and nuclear power, for instance, appear to be destructive forces as far as l can see. They seem like something we can gel along without. The human species is a high consciousness, bu1 a1 the same time 1he human race is a cancerous cell that is trying to diges1 its host, the Greater Life. Yet people on the spiritual path are always searching for the connection to the whole. As individuals 1hey realize their separation, and they are searching for that connection with every part of every cell from the marrow of their bones outward. One of the greatest blocks for us .humans is our intellect. lt is self-defeating to try to comprehend the universe with the intellect, for it is not designed to comprehend the whole. Being in a linear, critical culture as we are makes it even more difficult. Not impossible, but certainly more difficulL It leads us to try to understand the whole by adding up all of the parts. But the whole is greater than 1he sum of its parts. Organ ic Gr owin g Coop e rotiue The Organic Gardening Cooperative of Western North Carolina was started in the early spring of 1987. A small group of enthusiastic people came together 10 promote the merits of organic gardening and fanning and the health and life-giving value of organically-raised food. Meetings are at Unity of Arden on Airport Road. The cooperative meets the third Monday evening of each month. There is time for sharing at 6:30 pm and a meeting at 7:00 pm. The name "cooperative" was chosen, because the group wished 10 create an open forum for sharing experience, infonnation, resources, and projects. There is a steering committee that plans and coordinates the meetings and other activi1ies. 01her commiuees take on the tasks of a newsletter, education, publicity, and telephoning. These committees are volunteer efforts, and new participants are always welcome. Th~ are no dues. A small voluntary donation per meeting helps to cover expenses. The cooperative's meetings offer an array of interesting activities such as songs and music about gardening and nature; an educational program with speakers, films, slide shows, etc; a short nutritional update; news on environmental issues; and a time for sharing among the group. The main topic of each program usually pertains to gardening ac1ivities appropriate for that month of the year, such as composting, soil preparation, seed starting, etc. A varied program is designed to meet the needs of beginning gardeners as well as the experienced ones in the group. There are presentations of resources like magazines, seed catalogs. extra seeds and produce, and group seed or narural fenilizer orders. Glass (clear and colored) and aluminum are collected for recycling at each meeting. We who are active in the cooperative feel it is an exciting opportunity to encourage each other and the public at large to learn how to live in harmony with the Earth and to produce quality food, which will make us all more healthy and happy. We invite newcomers to come and participate at the meetings. Together we can create rewarding adventures in learning and "growing!" - Ellen John For more information about the Organic Gartkning CooperaJjve, call Cheryl Stippich a1(704)687-1741. Herbology Clinic M. C. Majebe Licensed Acupuncturist 78 E.ast Chestnut St. Ashevllle, NC 28801 (704) 258-9016 KATUAH - page 26 • conlinucd Crom JlliC 9 Dr. Gray soon arrived in Statesville bringing several eminent botanists. Dr. Gray had been misled by Miclraux's description of the habitaJ of slwrtia. ltistead of the moun1ain tops where he Juul always looked, it Juul been found along a stream in the foothills. Michaux's directions had been fairly specific, bw his continual references to the "high mountains" misled Gray, the botany detective. Shorria, the mystery flower of the mountains, soon became so famous that pressed specimens of a single plaru were selling/or fifty dollars. SJwrtia makes a good grour1d-cover under rhododer1drons. It needs a shady sire with an acid soil rich in humus, plemy of water, and regular mulching with oflk leaves. It spreads mostly by runners, and grows in luxuriant, dense colonies where conditions are to its liking. Its delicate white flowers lost for several days. It is one ofthe most coveted plants of any wild flower garden. A collector has written, "No idea of the beauty of this planI can be formed unJil it hos been seen in its native Jwme. The mass of glossy green and white, once seer1, car1 never be forgotten." It was never Gray's privilege to see shortia at the height of its blooming period, which is the latter part of March into early April. Of the 25,000 botanical specimens that Gray classified before he died, Gray asked that shortia cover his grave at Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Gray's life, many honors had come to him, but they were os naughl compared to the discovery ofthe little mountain pla111 thal Dr. Asa Gray named shortia. The mystery plant, sJwrtia, lost/or a hundred years, because ofits limited narural distribution, is probably to be found growing more in culdvarion now than in the ~ild. This is especially significant today because of the destruction of much of shortia's native habiuu in North and Sowh Carolina due to artificial lake construction. Rtprinltd from the Noah Carolina Native p(o111 Proaagqljon Handbook prepared by the North Carolina Wild Flower Prtsuvalion Sociery (Tollen Chinese Acupuncture and sh.ot"tta Garlkn Centtr 3375; University ofNorth Cmolina; Chapel Hiil, NC 27599 - $5.00 ppd.) / Natural Food Store & Dell 160 Bro.ctway Ashevllle, NC 28801 Whlf-e llroadwmy n..ia MlrTlmon Ave I. ~240 OPEN 7 DAYS A WE. K E Mond•y·Salurday: 9am·8pm Sunday: 1pm-Spm (704) 253-7656 DE_51GNS by Rob Messick Illustration & Design In Pen & Ink and Colored Pencil P.O . 8o)( 260t . eoone. NC 28U07 • (704J7a4 tiOQ7' SPRING - 1988 �· continued from page 12 K: How d o you think people first determined how to use herbs? G: The first herbs that were used were the leaves of the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden. And we'll never find the fountain of youth until we get the Garden of Eden back and get back to the Tree of Life. K: Until we get back in touch with nature? G: No, back to the Tree of Life. God took that to heaven before the flood. And when he makes this earth new again he's going to bring it back. And when we see the Garden of Eden we'll see herbs as they're s'posed to be. K : Do you think this will be a sudden occurence or will it be a gradual awakening of God, and now Satan's walking up and down, to and fro on the earth. You see, this battle isn't something done in a comer; this earth is the theatre of God's love. God had to let us tear things up and let things go because our natures won't accept the truth otherwise. Are you passing your knowledge on to them? Are they receptive? G: No young people are interested like I was when I was young. Some are interested and could learn, but they're all afraid of being tied down. They're interested when they feel like it, but when they don't feel like it they don't want to be bothered. K: Do you know when your book will be out or what you11 call it? G: When there are enough people that will G: No, I don't. I was held up all summer be true to God then Christ will come. Think how all this time the angels have tried to help people to think of these things and do what's right Still we go on in our lives and don't study, don't stop to read what God's given us. And just look what a mess we've made. Think of the Garden of Eden - the beautiful flowers and trees - and then loolc at that hillside over there (points to trailer park across road) ... all the death and dying. Of course there's still a lot of beauty here... Satan tried his best to get Christ to give up and not go through with his plan of salvation, but He stuck to it and proved that God's truth could be followed. Adam sold out because he chose to obey Satan instead with my eyes - couldn't see to read. And many days like today are holding me baclc...(laughs). [While talking to us, Granny gracefully received five patients and several phone calls. We arrived at 10 a.m. and by 5 p.m. she hadn't paused once.] K: Thanks so much for your time and energy! We both have personal questions but they can wait 'til another day. G: Oh, I can help you now - would you like that? K: Sure, but you must be tired... COMF TOlHf FOR Drcamwcaver l!Boomllcn: Books and Tapes by Mall and Special Order. Metaphysics, Comparative Religion, Psychology, Children and Women' s Studies. New Age Music. Call Barbara, (912) 233--5934 for Info. NEW AGE SEMI NARS \llHOLISTIC lf[ALTH RETRf;ATS &md fnr our Ire,.. bcuchurtr: L.1.F. E. • Bo• 144K Pullmon WV 26421 (.1041 t.5?·319:1 'Living In Full E nergy K : Everything! REMEDIES K: What about your great-grandchildren? among people? l.l.F.E. RETREAT CENTER G: What have I been doing? Cockleburr and Mullein cold remedy: A large handful each of cocldebuns and mullein leaves to 2 qts waJtt. Boil 20 minutes. Suain well and drink. Burrs and leaves can be used a 2nd time with 2 more quarts waier boiled 20 minutes again. Mar l&old tin cture for lice: Chop marigold blossoms fine. Cover with rubbing alcohol in glass jar. Sel in sun for 2 wect.s, stirring once each day. Strain and boWe. MislldOt tea For lal&b blood pressure: 1 Tbsp crushed mislleioe leaves 10 1 qt cold water. Shake and let Slalld ovcmighL Strain and drink 1(2 cup before breakfast; 1/2 cup after brealdasL Repeat wilh supper. Mlstlttc>t tea For epilepsy or Stizuns: Pour 1 pint boiling water over l Tbsp crushed leaves. Take 2 Tbsp. every 2 boors. Poktbtrry artbrlt.ls remedy: Take one berry at each meal the lst day, 2 at each meal the 2nd, 3 the 3rd and so on for 8 days. Then drop back to one berry again and begin climbing back up IO 8. Continue until joints feel free. Then drop back one berry per meat 8-7-6-5, until you're baclc to ooe, and quit mtl&n WEEKLY CRAFTS COURSES ~ Woodcarving,We aving, Blacksmithing,Basketry, Pottery,Spinning,etc. John C. Campbell Folk School Brasstown, NC 28902 (704) 837-2775 o r 837-7329 T-SHIRTS, SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN 15 ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS ,_.'? ULTRAVIOLET l'UNFICATIOH AHO FILTENNG SYSTalS SOI.AR PflOOUCTS ·WATER ANALYSIS .HWY. 107 EACH COLORFUL DE.SIGN IS RT. 88 BOX 125 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 PRIN'IED ON QUALITY T' s Alill SWEA'IS APPALACIDAN BUILDING & DESIGN Passive Solar, Eartlt-Shellered Homes Greenhouses, Spas, Decks SCOTI BIRD (704) 683·1414 GREG BLACK 683-4795 SPRING - 1988 KATUAH - page 27 �MARCH 20 evenrs SPRING EQUINOX 23-24 ASHEVILLE, NC Rhythm Alive! Classes in African drumming with Martha Overlock and Dean Buchan:ln. Ongoing. Wed and Thu evenings, 7: l S al Asheville Academy of BallcL Call (704) 645~ 16 canoes. New Moon CULLOWHEE, NC Tuckaseegee River Cleanup. Rllfts, kayaks. Mcct 11 am. 227-7206 for more info. 14-15 GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. Spring WildOower Pilgrimage. Auto, wal.lcing tours lO view plants and birds of the Smokies. SS. Call (615) 436-1257. 27-29 24 ASHEVILLE, NC Sierra Club meeting. Spcllkcr Bill Thomas, "TheJocasse WatcrShed" with slides. 7:30. Unitarian Univcrsalist Church, Edwin Pl. and Oiarloue. 25-27 WAYNESV ILLE, NC "Vibrational Healing" with Joyce Keane. "Flowers arc the highest vibratory expression in the vegetable kingdom." Lc:im to use Oower essences - gentle, yet powerful. $20. Stil-Light Center; Rt. I, Box 326: 28786. (704) 452-4569. 26 ASHEVILLE, NC The Paul Winter Consort, "Celebration of Creation." Central Methodist Church. Tickets $10.SO at Malaprop's. and meditation with Fr. John Groff. SSS.Southern Dharma Foundation; RL I, Box 34-H; Hot Springs, NC28743. 29-30 & T ANASJ RIDGE MAY I Come to X.~.'TU.~K SJ>1t1.N<l (l.~'JKE1t1.Nlll Worlcshops, waterfall, crystals, mountain meadows. Join the family circle! (Sec ad next page.) 30 BELTANE (MAY EVE) ROANOKE, VA Sixth Annual New Horizons Festival of alternative healing and lifestyles at Roanoke Civic Center. Pre-register. S26.00. TRENTON, GA Caving Expedition with Snow Be:ir. Learn safety, techniQue, geology.Camping at Cloudlaad Canyoo. f.quipmem provided. Sec sn.s. IS New Moon BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC The Black Mountain Music Festival. Taj Mahal, Rare Air, Robin and Linda Williams, Elise Win and the Small Family Band, Fred Armstrong-Park, and more will be there. Pre-register: $35 for the weekend. For more info, ctll Gray Eagle and Friends, (704) 669-2456. 20-22 20-22 WAYNESVILL E, NC "Therapeutic Touch" • using hands to direct human energies in healing with Maria Parisen. SLil-Light Sec 3(25-27. WILLIS, VA "Finding Our Place.• Developing a deeper relatiooship with the land and the spirilS who dwell there. Brian Ellis. Pre-rcgisler. $85. Indian Valley Holistic Center. Sec 4/8-10. 28-29 APRIL 31 2 Full Moon CELO, NC Full Moon Drumming Celebration al Mountain Gardens. Call (704) 675-5664 for more info. ONGOING. Full Moon ("Blue Moon") JUNE 1·30 3 CHEROKEE, NC "Cherokee Concepts of Birth and DcBlh" art exhibit on display al Cherolcee Hcriwge Museum and Gallery. EASTER SUNDAY 8-10 WILLIS, VA "lmaginccring Ourselves and the Crystal Planet." Exploring Earth energies with Mary and Joseph Jochmans. Pre-register: $95. Indian Valley Holistic Center; Rt. 2, Box 58; Willis, VA. (404) 789-4295. APPALACH IAN TRAIL Trail work. Bring gloves. Call Thelbett Dowdy, (704) 684-3053 for dcUlils. 4 MAY 9 9 BLACK MT'N., NC David Wilcox, singer and songwriter Bl McDibbs'. $4. Sec 3(l2. 9-10 ATLANTA, GA Shamanic Jowney, Power and Healing workshop. $100. Call Barbara Hmison, (9 12) 233-5934. HELEN, GA EARTHSKILLS WORKSHOP Lc:im old ways, a new awattllCSS of the woods with Snow Bear, Darry Wood, and EUSUllCe Conway. For more info, call (404) 878-2201. GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. "Forests and Trees or the Smokies." Pre-register: $25. Smoky Mountain Field School; Univ. of TN: 2016 Lake Ave; Knoxville, TN 37996. F ull Moon GREAT SMOKY MT'NS. •A Historical Perspective of the Great Smoky Mountains NP." Natural and human history of the Park with Wilma Dykeman. Pre-register: $25. See 6/4. !! 1-31 ASHEVILLE, NC Robert Johnson's paintings on exhibit t the Asheville An Museum. One of the main themes that runs through his work is the tionsbip between the inner world of dreams and visions and the world of Natwe. He has lived in the Cclo Community near o, NC for the past 16 years and the Katuah ioregion has had a strong innuencc on his worlc. % o Community. Burnsville, NC 28714. lS-16 14 15-19 HIGHLANDS, NC "Meianora• with Walter Chappell. Recording the ethcric image or local nora. $250 includes accommodations.Highlands Biological Center. P.O. Drawer 580; Higblllnds, NC 28741. WILLIS, VA "HEALING WISE • an Herbal Medicine Intensive.• Work with botanical medicines, spirit healing, body systems, and self-love with herbal healer Susun Weed. Pre-register: S9S. Indian Valley Holistic CenlCr. Sec -4/8-10. KATUAH - page 28 CHEROKEE, NC "The Eagle Dancer." exhibit or the worlc or carver John Julius Wilnoty on display at Cherokee Heritage Museum and Gallery. 17-19 7-8 IS-17 New Moon 1-31 17-19 FARNER, TN "Wild Foods and Medicines• taught by Sn.ow Bear. Peppcrland Farm Camp; Swr Rt; Farner, TN 37333. (704) 494-2353. 13-15 HOT SPRINGS, NC "The Mystic Journey Rc1tc~11· - talks BOT SJ>RINGS, NC "A Rinz.ai Zen Retreat" with Sandy Stewart. Pre-register: SSS. Sec 5/13-15. WAYNESVILLE, NC Workshop: "Fundamentals of the Ancient Wisdom.· Esoteric philosophy with Ed and Mary Abdill. Pre-register: S20. Stil-Light. Sec 3(}.S-27. 20 SUMMER SOLSTICE .. SPRING - 1988 �KATUAH JOURNAL is beginning compilation of a regional directory... a GREEN PAGES of political, food, environmental, clothing, arts and crafts, shelter, healing, and other basic resources in the Katuah bioregional province. Listings will be free. If you or your group would like to enter a listing ( including a brief description ) in these or any other categories, please send to: KatUah Journal P.O. Box638 Leicester, NC 28748 The International 4th World Assembly wilJ hold its seventh assembly this summer, July 31-August 4, 1988 at Meredith College in Raleigh, NC. The 4th World is an informal group of people from all over the world who affirm the right of urban neighborhoods and rural villages to make their own decisions about their own lives. The theme this year is "Community Economics As If the Earth Mattered". Registration is open to all. Full conference fee including meals, lodging and proceedings is $150. ($130 before June 1). For more info: School of Living, 7th assembly; 3030 Sleepy Hollow Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042. News Flash! Environmentalist in NC Governor's Race NABCID The third North American Bloregiolllll Congress will be held in the bioregion ofthe Ish River Confluenc-e, north or Vancouver, British Columbia. It will be held August 21·26, 1988. NABC I ('84) and NABC II ('86) brought together local and regional peoples from all over Turtle Island to celebrate and work towards preservln& the spiritual, environmental and cultural diversily or this precious continent. NABC Ill will continue lhis work and discover other ways to cooperale in this way. Katuah has been represented at these congressings. If you are Interested In participatin& in this upcoming coneress, please contact KaJilah, P.O. Box 638, uicttter, NC 28748 or write to: NABC m, Box 1012, Lillooet, BC, VOK lVO, Canada. ... Avram Friedman (Bruce A. Friedman) announces his candidacy for Governor of the state of North Carolina... As director of the NC Political Action Committee to Dump the Co~act. Avram had been looking lor candidates for all the NC state offices who oppose NC's membership In the Southeast Low Level Radioactive Waste Compact. Because there was no gubernatorial or lieutenant gubernatorial candidate who was In favor of withdrawing from the compact, he began a statewide search to enlist a candidate for governor. Because he found no one who would be willing, he registered himself as a democratic candidate right ahead of the deadline. He Is basing his gubernatorial campaign specifically on getting NC out of the Compact although he stresses there are many more related Issues including NC's economy and its future. For more information, w rite: CCNW, P.O. Box 653, Dillsboro, NC 28725 on the Tanasl Ridge, near Blue Ridge Parkway '.F'rtday - Sunday, A.priL 29-'.M.a.y 1 Wor~nops: Nati.ve Crysta.Cs Kerb f"ora.91..n<J Women 's Ci.rcCe The ftiorecJional Poet Commu.ni.ty nowsi.n<_J ... and: others ..USo: M.eadows, Waterf~ . M.usic, Dancl.tuJ, & Drummi.tuJ and Cdebratl.on of the first of ttay wUh MoypoCe, Dc:mc1.!19 !o S""e4 Ckc;C.e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tent or RV Camping Bring your shelter, bedding and utensils. Bring clothing for all weather conditions. Friday night potluck Other meals community cooking, with food provided Name:_______________________________ Address:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ Phone: L_)_ _ _ _ __ Number of Adults_ _ _ _ __ Number of Children_________ SPRING· 1988 $15/adult before April15 $1 O/child before April 15 $17/ adult at camp $121 child at camp Mail to: Karen Rodriguez U.S. 19W, Box481 Bryson City, NC Katuah Province 28713 KAnJAH · page 29 �PEPPERl.AND FARM CAMP - a unique summer camp experience for child!Cn 6-16 years. Adventure trips, riding, Indian lore, swimming, more. Delicious vegetarian meals - special diets accomodatcd. Also seeking counsellors and staff. For info: Pepperland Farm Camp; Star Route: Farner, TN 37333 (704) 494-2353 STIL-LIGHT THEOSOPHICAL RETREAT CENTER - a quiet space for petSOnal meditation, group interacti. n through study and community o work. and spiritual seminars. Contact Leon Frankel; RL l, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786 RM DESIGNS - I use the media of pencils, colored pencils, gouache, pen and ink, and pholOgraphy in creating unique fine and grafick an. l can make diagrams, logos, finished prints, and designs for brochwes, calenders, cards, books, ete. Mandalas and symbols are my tendancy among other styles. Coo tact Rob Messick (704) 754-6097. ALTERNATIVE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL - Al Arthur Morgan School students and staff learn t0gether by living in community. Curriculum includes creative academics, group decision-making, a worlc program, service projects, extensive field trips, cballcnging outdoor experiences. Write: 1901 Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714 (704) 675-4262 SEEDS FOR SALE - organically grown lurfa sponge, purple globe amaranth, Mexican sunflower, bushel basket gourd, garlic chives, holy basil SJ/pkt. w/SASE. Velvet beans, jack bean - S2/pkL w/SASE lO Janeice Ray; RL. I Box 188-H; Quincy, FL 32351 SIX RURAL COMMUNITIES - established over lhe last 20 years, invite visitors/members. Nonsexist, Nonracist, genlie cullUres based on equality and cooperation. Write (SI appreciated): Federation ofEgalitarian Communities; Twin Oaks, KH8; Louisa, VA 23093 FREE CATALOG - Our books cover solar energy, natural foods, metaphysics, fiction and poetry. The latest project is Black Mountain Review, with themes on the individual vs. society. Write: Lorien House; P.O. Box 1112; Black Mountain, NC 28711 (704) 669-621 l. KA1UAH- page 30 HAND CARVED WOODSPIRITS. mystical hilting staffs and wall hangings by Steve Duncan. For brochure, please write Wippoorwill Studio; RL 4, Box 981; Marion, NC 28752. SOCIAL ECOLOGY SUMMER SEMESTER June 10 lO July 24. For more information call (802) 454-8493, or write: Institute For Social Ecology; P.O. Box 89, DepL K; Plainfield. VT 05667 CENTER FOR ROBERT BLY STUDIES - Ally Press is now maintaining a mailing list for people who would like lO be informed of Robert Bly's workshop and reading sciledules. An updated listing is sent out twice a year along with a catalog of all available books and tapes. Please write Ally Press; Box K; 524 Orleans SL; SL Paul, MN 55107 1988 SUMMER WORKSHOPS at the Penny Royal Center (Winged Heart Homestead) by Sufi teacher Muzawir. How to prepare spiritually for Earth Changes, How to build a no mortgage shelter and much more. Send SASE lO P.O. Box 552; Floyd. VA 24091 TEACHER NEEDED: Alternative, parent-governed elementary (K-6), set in Monongahela National ForesL Send resume lO Valley School; P.O. Box 83; Elkins, WV 26241. DRUMS • Custom handcrafted ceramic dumbecks & wooden medicine drums. CaU Joe Roberts at (704} 258-1038 or write to: 738 Town Mountain Rd.; Asheville, NC 28804. REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER PURIFICATION better than dislillers. To find out why write New Energy Products; 660 K SL; Pullman, WV 26421 BLIGHT RESISTANT CHESTNUT - hybrid American/Chinese Dunstan Chestnut trees - bliglht resistant, timber growth form, productive orchard crop with large, sweet, easily peeled nuts. Chestnut Hill Nursery; RL 1 Box 341K; Alachua, FL 32615 (904) 462-2820. NA1lVE AMERICAN MEDICINAL PRODUCfS: white sage, cedar, sweet grass, k:innikinnick and more. Please specify your needs and send SASE lO: Good Medicine; 77 Parle Terrace East, D38; New York, NY 10034 (212) 304-9605. M. TREE DESIGNS: Illustrations and design Beyond the pages of this journal, I work in pencil, colored pencil, ink, cut paper, and batik. Fine and graphic art to express and enhance our lives. Logos, brochures, books, portraiture, window and wall hangings. Cont.act Martha Tree (704) 754-6097. HANDWOVEN WOOL BLANKETS - inexpensive, from Mexico. Federation of Christian Cooperatives; P.O. Box 120154; San AnlOnio, TX 78212 LETT'ERS OF FRlENDSHIP AND SUPPORT would be appreciated by incarcerated brother. Write t0: Rick Whilalcer #85670; Box 2000; Wartburg, TN37887 WANTED: IDEAL SPACE FOR RURAL COMMUNITY/HEALING CENTER. 50 - 150 acres, at least 30 arable, with southern exposure, privacy, within 45 min. of Asheville or equivalent urban center. One large house and several cabins preferred. StteamS, springs, river, lalcc? Finder's fee. Write Hibiscus; 521 Northeast Blvd.; Gainesville, FL 32601 or call collect (904) 376-2146. GARDENERS are encouraged lO visit our Paradise garden for instruction and inspiration (free) and/or pereMial plant sale (cheap). Artists are invited 10 come and create in the garden - painting, drawing and photography are encouraged. We also bnvc a cabin available in exchange for working in lhe garden. Mountain Gardens; 3020 While Oak Creek; Celo, NC 28714 (704) 675-5664 "TREASURES IN THE STREAM" - a cassette tape of songs by Bob Avery-Grubel. $10 postpaid to Bob at RL 1 Box 735; Floyd, VA 24091 ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY NOW FORMING in the mountains of north Georgia. Join others seeking greater cooperation and self-sufficiency. Based on spiritual and ecological values. Propeny is now available. (404) 778-8754 'ESSENCE' - the all-one skin - dress - jumper pantaloons with nursing pockets. Earthwear; RD 1, Box 75-Cl; CarllOn, PA 16311 WOMANSONG - ongoing choral group forming. Songs of beauty, meaning, spirit, fun, peace, cooperation, sisterhood. Come and sing! Monday evenings 7:30 - 9. Also Orff Schulwerk: music-making for beginners of aU ages. Come and sec the studio! CaU (704) 254-7()68 WANTED - LAND in western NC. Family seeks 5 or more acres, preferably near Cullowhee, 10 preserve and eventually inhabiL If you have or know of affordable land, contacl Bob & Mary Davis; 213 Westmoreland Cowt: Georgetown, KY 40324 (502} 863-4267. WISCONSIN RENAISSANCE FAIRE - 2-story shop for sale or renL Weekends July 9 - Aug. 21. Excellent location with sales and living space. Write or call Becky Farnam; RL 1: Check, VA 24072 (703) 651-6170 WEBWORKING is.free. Send submissions to: K.a.IW. P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Kaulah Province 28748 SPRING - 1988 �I Comt.n«J Up . . . Mtdfrfn,.. Allfts The Katuall Journal wants to communicare your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to LIS as letters, poems, stories, arricles, drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send your co111ribwions to u.s at: Katuah Jo11r11al, P. 0. Box 638, Leicester, NC, Katuah Province 28748. The summer issue of Katiiah will concern itself with "Our Relations with the Land" ...our effect on the land, new forms of relating, visions of our fumre habitat, and other perspectives. In the fall, Katuah will look at Castanea dentata, tile American cliestnut tree. Any information abo1a this great tree's past andfmure will be welcome. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE ISSUE ELEVEN · SPRING 1986 Community Planning Cities and the Bioregional Vision • Recycling • Community Gardening· Floyd Couruy. VA • Guohol • Two BIORgional Views • Nuel- Supplemau Foxfire GllllCS ·Good Medicine: Visions ISSUE THREE · SPRING 1984 Sustainable Aj!ricuhure · Sunflowers - Human Impact on the Forest • Cllildrens' Education Veronica Nicholas:Woman in Politics· Ullle Ptopl.e . Medicine Albea ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 1984 Water Drwn • Waiu Quality • Kudzu • Solu Eclipse· C~tling ·Trout ·Going IO W1.1U Ram Pumps. Microhydro · Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller full rolor T-s61rts In the traditional Cherokee Indian belief, the creatures in the world today are only diminuitive forms of the mythic beings who once inhabited the world. but who now reside in Galuna'ti, the spirit world, the highest heaven. But a few of the original powers broke through the splritual barrier and exist yet In the world as we know fl. These beings are called with reverence •grandfathers·. And of them, the strongest are Kanai/, the lightning, the power of the sky; Utsa'nati, the rattlesnake. who personifies the power of the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdi. ihe little man", as ginseng is called in the sacred ceremonies. who draws up power from the underworld. Each Is the strongest power in Its o wn domain. Together they are allies: their energies complement each other to form an even greater power. As medicine allies. they represent the healing powers of t he Appalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of Kawah have been depicted in a striking T-shirt design by Ibby Kenna. Printed In 5-color silkscreen by Ridgerunner Naturals on top quality, a/I-cotton shirts, they are available now in ail adult sizes from the Katiiah Joumsl. "To show respect for this supernatural trinity of the natural world is to in tum become an ally in the continuing process of maintaining harmony and balance here in the mountains of KatUah." To order. use the form be/Ow. ISSUE TIURTEEN - Fall 1986 Ccnicr For Awakening • Elizabeth Callari ·A Gentle Death • Hospice • Ernest Morgan • Dealing Creatively with Death • Home Burial Box • The Wake • The Raven Mocker • Woodslore and Wildwoods Wisdom • Good Medicine: The SWeat Lodp ISSUE FIVE • FALL 1984 Hatvest ·Old Ways in Cherokee - Ginseng Nucleu Waste • Our Celtic Heritage • Bioregionalism: Put. Present. and Future • John Wilnoty • Healing Dukness • Politics or Plttiaipation ISSUE SIX-WINTER 1984·85 Winia Solstice Earth Cuemony • Horsepas1ur• River - Coming or the Uaht • Log ~in Root• • Mounl&in AgricullW'C: The Right Crop • W"tll.i.IJn Taylor· The Furore or the foiat ISSUE SEVEN • SPRING 1985 Sustainable Eco~ics . Hot Springs ·Worker Ownership • The Great Economy • Self Help Credit Union • Wild Turkey • Responsible Investing • Woriting in Iha Wab of Ll!e ISSUE EIGIIT ·SUMMER 198S Celebration: A Way or Ufe • Katuah 18,000 Ycan Ago • Sacred Sites • Folk Aru in the Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle • Poems: Hilda Downer • Chciokee Hcri• Cenu:r • Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE- FALL 198S The Waldee Forest • The Trees Speak • Migating Foresll • Horse Logaing • SW1lng a Tree Crop - Urban Trees • Acom Bread - Mylh lllllC ' ISSUE FOURTEEN· Winlef 1986-87 Uoyd Cul Owle • Boogcrs and Mummen • All Species Day • Cabin Fever University • Homeless in Katuah • Homemade Hot Waicr Siovemakcr·s Narrative • Good Medicine: lnLcrspCcics Communication ISSUE FIFTEEN· Spring 1987 Coverlets • Wo~ Forester • Susia McMllwi Midwife • Alternative Contraception • Biosexuallty • Bioregionalism and Women • Good Medicine: Matriacharial Culwre • &ad ISSUE SIXTEEN· Summer 1987 Helen Waite • Poem: Visions in 1 Garden • Vision Quest • First Flow • Initiation • Leaming in the Wildcmeas • Cherokeea OWlcnJ!C ·"Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGH1E£N ·WU- 1987-88 Vemaculu Atehi1eeiure ·Dreams in Wood and Stone • Mowllain Home • Earth Energiea • Earth.Sheltered Living • Membtanc Houses • Brush Shelter • Poems: Oc1ol!cr Dusk • Good Mcdk:inc: "Shelia" • ISSUE TEN. WINl'ER 1985-86 Kate Rogers • Circles of Sione • Internal Mylhmaking • Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: SleVe Knaulb • Mythic Places • The Uk:ten a's Ta.la • Crystal Magic • "Dmmspeakin&. /'"r" ~UA~URNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 For more information: (704) 683-1414 Name RegularMembcrship........ $10/yr. Sponsor- .......................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address Enclosed is $ to give this ejfon an extra bOOst City Area Code State Phone Number Zip I can be a local contact person for my area Back Issues Issue# _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue # _@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _ @ $2.50 = $_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18) @ $25.00 =$_ _ T-Shins: specify quantity color: tan S_ _ M_ _ L_ _ XL_ _ @ $9.50 each............$_ TOTAL PRICE = _ $_ _ postage paid SPRING - 1988 KATUAH - page3 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 19, Spring 1988 Description An account of the resource The nineteenth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on springtime, plants, and the New Age movement: gardening with "nature intelligences", rooting blueberries, native plants, and herbal medicine. Authors and artists in this issue include: Michael Hockaday, Clyde Hollifield, Janeice Ray, Lucinda Flodin, Will Ashe Bason, Karen Watkins-Decker, Christina Morrison, Elaine Geouge, Sheli Lodge, Martha Tree, Brian Ellis, Stephen Wing, Diane Yeager, Colleen Redman, Rose Morningstar, and Ellen John. <br /><br />Beginning this issue, the title of the journal was simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>. A quarterly publication, it was published from 1983 to 1993 and was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. <p>The Perelandra Garden.......3<br /><br />Spring Tonics.......6<br /><br />Rooting Blueberries.......7<br /><br />"First Dogwoods" a poem by Michael Hockaday.......7<br /><br />Gardens of the Blue Ridge.......8<br /><br />A Visit with Granny: An Interview with Carolyn Port......10<br /><br />Flower Essence.......13<br /><br />The Origin of the Animals: a story by Clyde Hollifield.......14<br /><br />"Sacrament" <br />"Rain Has Come Again:"<br />poems by Janeice Ray.......15<br /><br />Good Medicine: "Power".......16<br /><br />Be A Tree.......17<br /><br />Natural World News........18<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......22<br /><br />A Children' [sic] Page........25<br /><br />Events.......28<br /><br />Spring Gathering.......29<br /><br />Webworking........30<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em></p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sylva Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Herbs--Therapeutic use--North Carolina, Western Plants, Edible--Appalachian Region, Southern New Age movement--Appalachian Region, Southern Wild flowers--Blue Ridge Mountains Heirloom varieties (Plants) North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Agriculture Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Children's Page Earth Energies Electric Power Companies Geography Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Katúah Katúah Organization Pigeon River Plants and Herbs Poems Radioactive Waste Stories Turtle Island Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/3bb540dcdbeaaaf1f14ddae1dc0e4557.pdf a36e851f2b8b17710f0753e60cf20014 PDF Text Text Postage Paid ~UA~)OURNAL Bulk Ma~ Permit #18 Leicester, NC P.O. Box638 Leicester, NC 28748 Katu ah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED ISSUE 20 SUMMER 1988 $1.50 BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF TH E SOUTHERN A PPALACHIANS �THE TRACKS OF THE PANTHER Will Mark the Length of the Appalachian Range ..... and Beyond CONTENTS The Tracks of the Panther............... 1 "Wilderness is not a land-use designation!" Alphonso Lubek Highlands of Roan ..................................6 Celo Community: 50 Years on the Land ..................... 8 Celo. lnterview.................................... 1O Land Trust: Tenure for Our Time.. 11 Learning Community......................... .12 Mountain Landscapes at Risk ......... 13 Rest in Perpetual Wilderness ....... 14 "The Ridge"............................................15 Farmers and the Farm Bill... ........... 16 Good Medicine: "Relating to the Land" ............. 17 "It Comes in a Mist" ...........................18 Duke's Power Play.............................. 19 Cherokee Micro hydro Project... ..... 21 Drumming: Letters to Katuah ........ 22 by David Wheeler Photographs by Gil Leebrick Leave for awhile this world of damaged and broken life cycles, and step into a different time frame. Leave the deranged pace of our society - the quick buck, fast food, the instant replay - and move to another rhythm. In this time perspective, forests and glaciers flow and recede. Slowly and ponderously the mountains breathe, inhaling and exhaling through the ages. Species migrate across the face of the Earth, through time in which there is no time, only an endless procession of seasons and the stars circling overhead. This is evolutionary time. From this time space we can see indusaial society as a sudden wound that tore open the Eanh's flesh and let in dangerous poisons, diseases, and putrefactions which threatened our planet's very existence. But the wound is now slowly healing over. The last traces of infection and sick, decaying tissue arc now disappearing. See a new race of human beings, few in number, their bodies strong and sensitive to the world, their intuitive faculties awake and aware to every shift in the energy patterns around them. These people are not driven by goals or guilt from artificial motivations or formulations of good and evil. They live simply, keeping their senses unencumbered to fully receive the greatest delight: the gift of existence in a world that is whole, that informs and provides every motivations or formulations of good and evil. They live simply, keeping their senses unencumbered to fully receive the greatest delight: the gift of existence in a world that is whole, that informs and provides every facet of their lives. These people live in small tribal circles surrounded by the powerful forces of the natural world. They see themselves as the eye at the center of the world - the part of the whole that can look back on itself, see itself jn its entirety and delight in the intricacies and movements of the life pattern mandala. The camps of these humans are small islands in the midst of the flow of the world. Wilderness to them is not a rare and specialized category. Wilderness is their reality • sometimes fearsome, but never alien or forbidding. Wilderness is the central fact of their existence. It provides for them. It shapes their consciousness as well as their physical existence. And when the time comes, wilderness takes their lives. Wilderness is habitat is home. Life at the center of the world can be sustained forever, if the people think and live in evolutionary time. The step into this vision of the world may seem like a long one to us, situated as we are in this time, but in actuality it is not so far. We are only 400 years removed from it on this continent. And we need to think in these terms, for this is ecological reality. This is a vision of the world in balance. We need to think of it, aspire to it, before we can achieve it It is from this perspective that we are offered the proposal "Preserve Appalachian Wilderness" (PAW) authored by Jamie Sayen of Stratford, NH and first published (continued on page 3) KATUAH- page 1 SUMMER- 1988 �CARRYING WATER: Scott Bird Christina Morrison Chip Smith Rob Messick Marnie Muller David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: John Morris Jack Chaney Michael Red Fox John Lang Colleen Williams Will Ashe Bason Judith Hallock Michael Hockaday Oliver Loveday Cover Photo by Gil Leebrick of the Environmental Arts Center, Highlands, NC Invocation by kore loy mcwhirter STATEMENT OF PURPOSE EDITORIAL QFFJCE nus ISSUE: Worley Cove, Sandymush Creek PRINTED BY: Sylva Herald Publishing Co., Sylva, NC WRITE US AT: Katuah Journal Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 TifE SOlll'HERN APPALACHIAN BIOREC!ON AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS TELEPHONE: (704) 683-1414 Diversity is an imponanl element or biorcgional ecology. bOth natural and social. In line with this principle, the Katuab Journal lries to serve as a forum for the discussion of regional issues. Signed anicles express only the opinion or the authors and arc not nccessnrily !he opinions of the Katuab Journal editors or stare. The Internal Revenue Service has declared KatiJah a non-profit orgnniMtion under section 50t(c)(3) of !he Internal Revenue Code. All contributions to KatUah are deductible from personal income tax. 'LNVOCA.TWN summre solstice songe I speake forre the darke forces I amme the seede the light-mongres have forgottenne theirre purpose we gathre ande growe no one canne live withoute oure beinge evenne the sma!Jeste glimmre is made greate inne oure presence a!Je muste returne to us you maye dance ande dragge atte youre sbadowes wishlnge themme awaye whenne you wearye of the battle forre supremacye and separationne you wille come to reste inne oure annes we wille rocke you to sleepe to the songe of the moones' darke face she singes of youre memorye thatte we are one Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turtle Island; a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense ofresponsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of r~sponsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name "Kantah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its nawral boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the south; and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this region, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability ofthe biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a " do or die " situation in terms of a quality standard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Katuah, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent information, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes that Katuah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. - The EdiJors KATUAH - page 2 SUMMER - 1988 �(continued from page I} in the Eanh Firsr! Journal. The PAW idea is simply to create a continuous wilderness or habitat area from the Florida Keys to the Laurentian Mountains in Quebec, using as a foundation the present protected route of the Appalachian Trail. The idea seems outrageous in the present social context, but it is actually a modest transitional step toward ecological sanity. A continuous wild habitat the length of the Appalachian Range could provide the first requirement for wilderness, space, and in time enable the return of unique plants and large animals - panthers, bears, wolves, moose - that have been exterminated throughout all or parts of the mountain chain. lf the PAW plan became a reality, plant and animal species could migrate freely from Karuah to the Gulf of Maine bioregion to the north, and likewise to the Aorida Peninsula bioregion to the south. "The 'backbone' for this wideranging habitat," says the PAW document, "already exists, albeit plagued by slipped discs and cracked vertebrae. The Appalachian Trail runs for over 2,000 miles from Mt. Katahdin in nonhem Maine to Springer Mountain in northern Georgia. "Wild areas along the Appalachian Trail must be expanded, buffered, and protected in perpetuity as wilderness. Only then will the backbone suppon the weight of the massive wild areas throughout the C3Stern reaches of Tunic Island which will be joined to the Appalachian Trail 'wilderness backbone' by means of wild, natural corridors. In this way the Adirondack wilderness (in NY) can be linked co the Appalachian Trail in the Green Mountain National Forest (VT) via Lake Champlain and other riparian and terrestrial wild corridors." KA1UAH - page 3 A continuous wild habitat the length of the Appalachian Range could provide the first requirement for wilderness, space, and in time enable the return of unique plants and large animals - panthers, bears, wolves, moose - that have been exterminated throughout all or parts of the mountain chain. Of the Katuah province, PAW says: 'The Southern Appalachians.....are home to the most varied deciduous forest in North America. Due to the extraordinary range of plant habitats and climates, 2,500 tree, shrub, moss, and lichen species occur there, 1.500 of which are flowering. There are over 200 endemic species, including 40 wildflower species. 'There are more than 25 wilderness preserves in this area, but, unfortunately, most are of the usual variety, i.e., less than 10,000 acres. Almost the entire length of the Appalachian Trail from Springer Mountain to the northern tip of the Shenandoah National Park traverses National Park, National Forest, or designated wilderness. There is enormous potential for 'big wilderness' in the southern Appalachians. "This is the good news. The rest of the story is more familiar. Roads parallel or bisect much of the Appalachian Trail. National ForestS and Parks are not managed for wilderness, and most designated wilderness is fragmented and confined to mountain tops with spectacular views. The lower reaches, drainages, swamps, valleys, and less scenic areas - in shon, the areas with the greatest biological diversity and species richness - are generally unprotected." The proposal also mentions re-establishing the American chestnut tree, once a dominant species in the Appalachian woods and a major food source for the large wildlife populations that inhabited the mountain forests. PAW activist R.F. Mueller and olhers in Virginia have proposed a 65,000 acre "Shenandoah Wilderness Area" in the northwest corner of the present state boundaries. The PAW proposal states that, "This proposal is PA W's highest shon tenn priority even though the Shenandoah Wilderness lies approximately 30 miles from the Appalachian Trail. Appropriate buffering and connecting corridors in National Forest land will connect it to the backbone. It should be noted that in the long run PA W's vision calls for greatly expanding this core area..... "The Cranberry Back Country in the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia, fifty miles as Raven flies from lhe Appalachian Trail in Virginia, will also be joined by natural corridors to the backbone..... (The Cranberry Back Country) offers promise of supporting a healthy wolf population which could begin to radiate to other wild areas such as Shenandoah Wilderness, and then up and (continued on page 4) SUMMER- 1988 �(c.ontinued from page 3) down the Appalachian Trail Wilderness network. "The Cranberry Back Country is composed of the 35,000 acre Cranberry Wilderness and the 45,000 acre Cranberry Back Country which merits immediate wilderness designation. Surrounding the Cranberry Back Country is a large block of roaded, but wild, Monongahela National Forest and other public and private lands which provide good buffer to the core wilderness..... " The northernmost of the large, protected habitat areas would be a Northeast Kingdom Wilderness Park and Biological Preserve in the northeast quadrant in the present state of Vermont. The PAW document says that this area is particularly important, because "For four of the most wilderness-dependent species - cougar, lynx, wolf, and pine marten - blocks of 400,000 acres or more in wilderness are needed to maintain viable, stable populations. For the cougar, a 400,000 acre wilderness is needed specifically in Vermont to assure thriving, interbreeding populations elsewhere in the Appalachians, because this species has a country-wide distribution and prefers mountain realms." Below Springer mountain the habitat zone would continue south to link up with a proposed habitat area for the Florida panther and other native life forms that would comprise most of central Florida. "One possibility," mentioned in the proposal, "would be to continue the Appalachian Trail southwest from Springer Mountain into eastern Alabama's Talladega National Forest and thence eatsward to the Chattahoochee River south of Columbus, Ga. "A similar priority exists at the northern end of the Appalachian Trail A route north of Katahdin, hopefully incorporating the St. John's River and the fabled Allagash in Maine to the Gaspe Peninsula region must be devised The goal is to ultimately reach the Canadian tundra. Then the tropical will be truly rejoined with the tundra, just as migratory birds have KATUAH - page 4 continued to keep them joined throughout the centuries of ecological fragmentation and destruction." "We must consider the natural history of the region and the ecological needs of wild/ife and the landscape, rather than continuing to ask, "What is politically realistic in the context of industrial . A merzca.?' . . . . . we must consider the whole system, not what sort of a compromise we can sneak through Congress." "Our basic strategy," says the PAW manifesto, "is to identify large, core wilderness areas which are to be protected in perpetuity as federally-designated wilderness. Surrounding these cores will be buffer zones. The inner buffer zones will be managed as mature forests, thus increasing the effective size of the wilderness core. They will mitigate the impact of civilization on the core areas and will mitigate the depredations of wildlife species on humans and their possessions. Appropriate benign human activities like canoeing will be permitted. "Outer buffer zones would border on human settlements. Primitive hunting and long-rotation forestry might be permitted in the inner portions of these outer zones. The outermost sections, which actually border on developed areas, might permit more intensive forestry, including tree farming, recreation, and possibly low-density housing. "These buffered wilderness cores would be linked by wild corridors to other nearby cores. These corridors must be wide enough to permit the flow of species, individuals, genes, and energy, and to provide space for habitat patches." Elsewhere in the PAW document author Sayen explains the need for massive, undisturbed habitat areas: "The issue of predation points out the importance of large wilderness preserves, preserves of 400,000 or -more acres. As is well known, many plant and animal species undergo periodic fluctuations in population and range. During periods of unusually favorable weather, species tend to expand their ranges and populations. When conditions change adversely, range and population contract to below-average numbers. "Herbivores like moose and deer feast off early successional plant species that colonize natural disturbance areas. But after a number of years the plants mature and grow out of reach of the herbivores, or the SUMMER- 1988 �browsing pressure causes a decline in vegetation locally. Large moose and deer populations can no longer be supported. and they either decline or go localJy extinct and move on co another, more hospitable locales. The decline of the herbivore population affords plant communities a chance to recover. "Meanwhile, the decline in prey base causes the wolf population to decline or go locally extinct, as it follows its shifting prey. Gradually, the herbivore population builds up in favorable new feeding areas and the wolf population follows. The cycle goes on endlessly, and in time herbivores return to the first site, whicb by now has recovered from earlier overbrowsing. It is essential that wildlife and wilderness managers recognize this cyclic phenomenon and that a wide range of ecosysteµis in differing states of succession be inclulied in a wilderness preserve to insure chis dypamic process. This requires that we manage for processes rather than for individual species." The PAW proposal is a challenge to us to dare to break the boundaries on our thinking imposed by the current social order: "We must consider the natural history of the region and the ecological needs of wildlife and the landscape, rather than continuing to ask, "What is politically realistic in the context of industrial America?'.....We must consider the whole system, not what son of a compromise we can sneak through Congress." The vision embodied in PAW is also a challenge to our society as a whole, because "Merely setting aside large wilderness preserves will be fruitless if we continue to generate acid rain; nuclearwaste; pesticides and herbicides; overpopulation; and a violent. exploitative attitude towards others (human and non-human)." Can our species live up to the standards of wilderness? This question is crucial to the success of the venture to "Preserve Appalachian Wilderness," but it is also the ultimate question of our species' continued survival in the world. KA TUAH - page 5 Jamie Sayen, the author of the PAW manifesto, is also tlu! author of the book Einstein in America. lie is a member of Conneeticut Valley Earth First! and was a spawner in the Salmon Revival Run up the Connecticut River this summer. Gil Lubrick is residenf plzofography teacher and workshop leader at the Appalachian Environmental Arts Center in llighlonds, NC. lie has fought of Honolulu Community College and NC Cenrral University. His landscape photographs hove been nationally exhibited and reside in numerous public and private collections. Copies of the complete PAW proposal are available for $3 .00 ppd. from: Gulf of Maine Books; 61 Maine St.; Brunswick, ME 04011 In addition to the outline of the wilderness plan, the paper also contains valuable background information on the formation of the Appalachian mounrain chain, a brief history of the Appalachlan Trail, thoughts on the importance of wilderness and the need for large, wuJisrurbed habitat areas, and more specific specifications for wilderness in the nonheast. THE POSSIBLE WILDERNESS For more information on the importance of large-scale wilderness habitats, read The Fragmented Forest by l.Arry Harris (University of Chlcago Press, 1984) Potential Wilderness Areas in Appalachia SUMMER-1988 �Xnown as the Highlands of Roan, the Roan Mountain massif is a magnificent isolated mountain mass of 23,000 acres located in Caner County, Tennessee and Avery and Mitchell Counties, North Carolina It is a vast high country with huge grassy areas that roll and undulate in every direction. Winds, averaging 25 miles per hour year-round, ripple the tall sedges and hair grass ...like seaweed in a great tide. l n late June, Catawba rhododendron blooms color the ridges purple. Flame azalea and mountain laurel splay orange and pink against blue-grey backdrops. In winter, the winds pile snow deep in the protected valleys while rime ice clings to exposed twigs on the summits. Unaka, the Cherokee word for "white", gives the range its name. Season by season, almost moment by moment, the Roan reveals itself, always displaying a wide spectrum of mood and ecological treasure. The Roan provides a haven for an extraordinary diversity of plants and animals, many of which are rare and endangered. Each year researchers, teachers, and amateur ecologists come to the Higltlands to study the many species and seek new finds. Throughout the nineteenth century, botanists from around the world visited the Roan in their studies of Appalachian flora. The quote (on next page) from Elisha Mitchell, for whom the East's highest mountain is named, is indicative of the high regard these botanists held for Roan Mountain. The balds are treeless areas of sedges, grasses and wildflowers covering several hundred acres along rounded KATIJAH - page 6 ridges and peaks from 5,400 feet to 6,100 feet above sea level. Wild, yet tranquil, rugged yet fragile, this place is not like any other. Great rocks, weathered and timeworn into strange and fascinating shapes, jut from knee-deep grasses. Wind-wracked, rocky crags edge the balds. Ancient many-colored lichens, centuries old, creep across the rocks at the rate of only 1/16 of an inch every 25 years. Season f>y season, almost rnom.ent f>y m.om.ent, the '.R.oti.n rnvealS i-tsd f , alwa y s d:i-spCa.yi-fl-9 · a wi-d:e sp ectrum. of mood: and: ec0Co9i.cal t r easure . For fifteen of its 2,100 miles, the Appalachian Trail traverses the Higltlands of Roan. It crosses the great balds and moves into the conifer-covered Roan High Knob-Roan High Bluff area, providing hikers with some of the most striking natural vistas along the entire Trail. lo season, wildflowers carpet the Highlands. Acres of white fringed phacelia cover the ground in May, accented with splotches of may apples with white and purple violets, trout lilies and many other early spring flowers. A month later the balds are streaked yellow and red with hawk weed and other sun-loving flowers. ·. SUMMER- 1988 �'Lt ts the most &ea.u.ti.fut and will & r epay the Ca&or of ascendi.~ i.t of est aU ou.r h.i.qh. mou.ntai.ns. 1Ji.th. the except w n. of a & oc:Cy of roe~ Coo~i.~ [ ilt,e the rui.ns of an o[c:C casUe near i.ts sou.th.western. ex.t remi.ty, the top of th.e R oan may & c:Cescri.&ec:C a.s a vast e meadow wi.th.ou.t a tree to obs t r uct a prospect, w h.ere a person may 9a.[[op fl.ts fwrse for a m ile or two wi.th. North. Caro[i.na. a t fl.ts f eet on one si.c:Ce and Tennessee on. the other and a 9rea.t ocea.n of mou.n.ta.i.ns ra.tsec:C i.n. tremendous &tllows i.mmedia.tay a.rou.nd h.f.m . 1.t t.s the eLyst.u.m of the southern &ota.nt.st, a.s a. nu.m&er of From a boianist's perspective, the Roan Mountain massif is superlative because of the outstanding diversity and the exceptional quality of plant communities found there. Over 300 species of plants a.re found on the Highlands, including the very rare Gray's lily (lilium grayi) as well as spreading avens (Geum radiatum) and Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solidago spithamaea). There arc more nationally or regionally ranked rare species on the Roan massif than any other site in the high mountains of the southern Appalachians. Roan Mountain also has varied and abundant wildlife, a fact which can be attributed to its exceptional habitat diversity-a product of latitude, altitude, geology, vegetation, and even history. At least seven of the thirty rare mammals listed in Endangered and Threarened Plants and Animals of North Carolina have been reported in the Highlands. The Ronn massif is a vast, high altitude island surrounded and isolated by low and narrow valleys and rolling hills. Because its slopes vary in steepness, soil composition, orientation, and drainage, it suppons a mosaic of vegetation types and microhabitats, and these are of sufficient total area to sustain substantial animal populations. Ice Age History Roan's dynamic Ice Age history transformed the 18-mile ridge into a fauna! melting pot of northern relics, southern invaders, and local isolates or endemics. The Roan was left a northern island in a sea of southern deciduous forests. These factors as well as the low level of human activity have created the living space for a spectacular array of animal species. Roan Mountain's major habitats arc generally described in terms of their dominant vegetation. Distinctive attitudinal plant zones, from the spruce-fir forests, grass balds, and rhododendron heaths at high elevations, through northern hardwood and oak forests to valley hardwoods and old field sites, largely simulate the Latitudinal sequence of habitats from southern Canada to southeastern US. Thus a few species, such as the New England cottontail and the bog lemming, arc at or near their southern limits and may be relics of a past ice age. Others, like the opossum and southern flying squirrel, are warm-climate species which periodically invade the upper slopes. Some species arc confined to one type of habitat on a pennanent or seasonal basis. For example, meadow mice inhabit the grass balds, a habitat used by the rare snow bunting only in winter. Other species occupy the adjacent pans of two vegetation wnes: the threatened northern flying ~----.1 pCa.n.ts a.re fou.nd 9rowt."9 t.n th.ts co[c:C and h.u.mt4 a.tmosphere wnicn a.re not seen GCJGt.n. u.n.tU we ha.ve 9one h.u.ndrecls of mUes fu.rther north." - EUsh.a. M.t.tcheU, 1839 squirrel frequents the lower spruce-fir and upper northern hardwood forests. Still other animals-shrews, jumping mice, salamanders and many invcncbrates--require ccnain micro-habitats within a zone to provide special foods or refuges. Finally, active carnivores (least weasels, spotted skunks), large species (bears, bobcats, and foxes), and fliers with special needs (owls, bats, hummingbirds) must range widely over the mountain and, in fact, would probably not survive if confined to a single area. The Roan also provides a haven for over a hundred species of birds during nesting, migration and wintering. Bird sitings include the bald eagle, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, snow bunting, raven, alder flycatcher, and saw-whet owl. Need for Protection This whole extraordinary area is in great need of protection. Fortunately, the Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy is working to preserve it. The Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy (SAHC) is a non-profit, tax-exempt organization founded in 1974 with two goals in mind: to ensure the means whereby the Highlands of Roan wiJl be protected in perpetuity against development and other incompatible uses and to establish a continuing program of stewardship for these lands. Efforts to protect the Highlands were begun under the auspices of the Appalachian Trail Conference (ATC) in 1966. Most of the initial preservation work of the Highlands was directed toward the proteetion of tracts along the Appalachian Trail in preparation for their purchase by the ForeSt Service. Conservation efforts were carried out by the Roan Mountain Preservation Committee of the ATC, with the cooperation of The Nature Conservancy. In time it became evident that the Highlands of Roan project would require a greater cffon than could be accomplished through a committee of an organization concerned with the entire Appalachian Trail. As a result, the SAHC was organized to take responsibility for fund-raising, land acquisition, and land management In the mid 1960's, the US Forest Service, cooperating with the ATC, instituted an acquisition program on Roan Mountain. So far, SAHC has assisted the US Forest Service in acquiring 4,300 acres. When combined with the Forest Service's previous holdings, a central core of 11,800 acres has now been acquired as public lands. The remainder of the protection effon is focussed around this core area. As most of the Forest Service's planned Appalachian Trail corridor acquisition work has been completed, it is now up to other organizations and individuals to complete the mountain's protection. (continued on page 2.S) pho10graphs councsy of SAHC KATUAH - page 7 SUMMER- 1988 �C 1981 John M. Morgan CELO connu.Nt'Jy: 50 YEARS ON THE LAND by Marilyn Cade While fireworks were exploding for the bicentennial anniversary of the United States Constitution, in a small valley at the feet of the Black Mountains in Yancey County, NC another anniversary slipped by quietly, almost unnoticed. 1987 was the fiftieth year of existence for the Celo Community, the oldest land stewardship community in the nation, but life flowed on as evenly as the South Toe River, which winds through the valley. Celo Community, Incorporated (CCO is an eclectic, occasionally eccentric, collection of people who all unite on the idea of saving and preserving the land. They are painters, carpenters, architects, glass blowers, poners, weavers, and farmers by trade. Some are staff at the Arthur Morgan School, an alternative junior high located in the community. The school grounds are also the location of the Celo Press, a small publishing firm. Rural Southern Voice for Peace, a newsletter published by members and non-members of Celo Community, has its offices on the campus as well. The Barrus family runs a summer camp for children with an emphasis on interlinking with handicapped children and children of different races and socio-economic backgrounds. The Celo Community land base is owned, not by individuals, but by the CCI. An individual or family cannot purchase title to any of the community land, but rather leases a "holding". The price is actually a "deposit", calculated according to the local price for a similar piece of land in the surrounding area. But community agreements govern the use of the land, and land speculation, subdividing, clear-cutting, abusive agriculcure, etc. are not available options. If a member withdraws from the community, the amount they paid as a deposit is refunded, without regard to any appreciation in land value since the original holding was taken. Any buildings or homes are treated separately, with refunds equalling the cost of replacement value including depreciation. For members, the advantages of community landholding outweigh the loss of traditional ownership. Residents are attracted by the concern shown for the present and future well-being of the land. They want to live on a protected large tract, where certain areas are kept wild. And they enjoy sharing the community life. Cooperative ownership is contrary to the notion that KATUAH-page 8 hwnans arc given dominion over lhc Earth. It is based instead on the idea that we arc given stewardship over it, that we are accountable for our actions. This principle is now being advanced in the land trust concept, a new model for land tenure currently being practiced in Lhis country. Ernest Morgan, a community member and son of Anhur Morgan, says, 'The land trust is designed to avoid the exploitive nature and abuses of individual land ownership...The land trust concept is something lhat western society urgently needs to face up 10." Celo Community advocates the establishment of more land trusts and cooperative ownership arrangements in the region and beyond. The population of the community bas stabilized and they are no longer actively seeking new members. They hope that their role at the present time could be as an inspiration and a model for lhe development of other community experiments. Depression Roots The Depression and the t 930's were years of great economic and social turmoil. ELhics in daily life seemed desirable and even practical. People, especially young people, were ready to experiment with new ways of living and working outside the failing mainstream economy. W illiam Regnery, a Chicago philanthropist, at this same time sought suggestions for new charitable causes from Arthur Morgan.Then Presidc.nt of Antioch College in Ohio, Morgan had been an engineer who built successful flood control dams, later becoming Chairman of the Tennessee Valley Authority. He was a Quaker who had already thought a good bit about the difficulties of leading a fulfilling life in the modem world. He felt that there should be an opportunity for young people to try new approaches to making a living. Morgan told Regnery of an idea conceived in conversations during 1932 and 1933 with Clarence Pickett, the Executive Secretary of the American Friends Service Committee. They wanted to somehow provide a situation in which the young people then seeking answers from them could instead work out their own solutions to leading a fulfilling life. With the general industrial collapse of the Depression, they decided a rural piece of land suitable for families to develop into individual farms would be most practical. This whole idea appealed to Regnery, and he agreed to finance the land if a suitable spot could be found and if Morgan and Pickett would serve on the board of directors. Morgan envisioned a small community situation. He SUMMER- 1988 �wanted the land to be located in an area sufficiently isolated that the settlers could pursue new goals without the distraction of old habits reinforced by the wider world. A small community would have more influence on how its children grew up. A small community could support positive values and beliefs among the adults. If Morgan sounds utopian, that was not his intent. He denied being io any way a visionary. He stated from the beginning that there would be no religious, political, or social code binding the community together. In a memorandum for the community written in 1937, he said, "It takes more than economic need or craving for congenial society to hold men together. Set religious or political dogmas tend to be a dividing influence. Above all other reasons for living and working together, there needs to be a strong common purpose..." As to the land itself, Morgan desired a location that was arable, affordable, had wholesome neighbors, and was blessed with a natural beauty. After several months of combing the Southern Appalachian Mountain region for such a site, the search ended in the valley of the South Toe. ln 1937, 1200 acres of woods, somewhat exhausted farmland, streams, and pasture were bought in the Celo area of the valley. Land-sharing was not a clear objective when the community first began. The earliest residents were renters who were already living on the land when it was purchased by the community. One of them was appointed a manager. The goal of encouraging young families to be self-sustaining was the primary object. However, most of the first families who came had no financial resources. The struggle for simple swvival prevented them from taking a larger view of the community and its future. Managers succeeded one another in frequent succession, each one recruiting different kinds of people to pioneer the community. Tenant farmers, socialJy troubled families, bible colJegc graduates, and ex-missionaries came for short periods of time between 1937 and I 945, with largely unsatisfactory results. The community tried and then gave up farming, dairy herds, a sawmill, timbering, and a nursing home. By 1945, only five families remained in the community. Community Revival 1945 was clearly a watershed year for the Celo Community. After some early members withdrew their membership but kept title to their land, the first steps toward community ownership were taken. Conscientious objectors moved to the community after the war, bringing with them a new idealism about the community and land use, and they supported the land cooperative idea. It was also in 1945 that the land manager system was finally abandoned at Celo as well. It was replaced by a steering committee of fi vc people, one from each household. The committee met once a week, and the whole membership met once a month. The meetings have continued without interruption since that year. Members regard the meetings with varying degrees of enthusiasm. One of the ongoing problems for the community is maintaining a much higher level of group involvement than most people have previously experienced. But since all decision-making power rests with the meetings, they arc an indcspcnsable part of the Cclo Community life. There are also four standing committees: Finance, Membership, Property, and Land Use. It is evident that half the specific concerns arc about land. Sara Smith, a daughter of a Celo family, wrote in a college paper that "the single common bond for CCI members now is the land they hold in trust". During the 1950's more people came to Celo and swelled the population to 20 member households. The "back: to the land" movement and disaffection with prevailing political and social conventions in the 1960's brought still more members. Others came after being introduced to the area while resident craftspeople at the Penland School of KATIJAH - page 9 Crafts in nearby Mitchell County. As the new members came, they tended to build their houses in tucked-away comers of the woods. There was a strong sense of wanting to pioneer and to feel self-sufficient. However, the spreading population could quickly have made the forest into a suburb. Realizing the danger, the community about 17 years ago began to set aside land for a wild area. Of the community's 1,200 acre land base, at least 300 acres arc now in forest preservation. Within this wild area, overseen by the Land Use Committee, arc examples of the usual and unusual wild flora of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. There are plant communities that date back to the time of the glaciers. There are endangered species found in some of the coves and bogs. Use of the proteetcd area is limited to bikes and nature walks. Much of the community is bounded by National Forest land. At ti.mes this has been seen as an asset, as for years at a time there is no activity in these areas. However, the National Forest is managed land, and the Forest Service builds new roads and marks off timber sales for clearcuttlng. Community members sec these actions as a threat to soil stability as well as destruction of valuable forest. They lobby the government and the Forest Service co limit this manner of land use. They arc concerned 001 only with the land they hold in trust, but with all the valley and the wider mountain area. Many members of the Cclo Community are active in various organizations and strongly support local efforts to preserve the environment, such as the Friends of the Toe River. Bob Johnson, a wildlife enthusiast who is on the Land Use Committee, has observed that "this is prime condo country". AU around the county there is unprecedented growth. County political leadership has expressed little concern with curbing this development, and in fact probably encourages it. The Southern Appalchians were economically deprived for many decades, though chere has been much improvement over the last 20 years. Still, it causes leaders to sec any growth as a good thing. Arthur Morgan, 50 years ago, predicted that decades of upheaval lay ahead for the nation. Among his many concerns he included land conservation, endangered species, alcernative living opportunities, animal rights, and the need for a new cornminment. He once remarked bow much he would relish being a 25 year old starting ouc life in the Cclo Community, ready to take on the challenge. Morgan had some final thoughts on Celo when he wrote a brief history of his experience with the community: "It seems co me that Cclo Community and the surrounding neighborhood is a favorable setting for an interesting human adventure lasting through generations, which will not be a retreat from life, but an adventure in living." C 1981 John M. Morgan SUMMER- 1988 �r--~·-·-- 1 I A Conversation Ruth Ostrenga and Rio Alden have Jived in Celo Community since 1985. In February of this year they became official members of Celo, where they now run a plant and flower business called High MoUnJain Greenery. Christina Morrison of rhe Katuah Journal spoke with them one afternoon about how it feels to belong to a land stewardship community. with Ruth and Rio of Celo Community Katuah: What does living on a land cooperative mean to you? Ruth: I've lhought about it a lot lately and I've realized that its so much about relationships. It's preserving a large piece of land and looking to see what's the best use for lhe land with people who have pretty common values. And that requires working lhings out in a community fashion where you come together and have to really communicate and see more sides than just your own. I value that a great deal-growing and moving through my stuff by being in relationship-so what better place to be than in a community where I'm pressed with it a lot? K: I understand that the. Forest Service doesn't actually sell the land; they sell lumber companies the right to clear-cut And then the Forest Service builds the roads for them and reseeds the land and actually ends up losing money on the deal. And we all lose the forest Ruth: Exactly. Those are the kinds of things we really have to take a look at. And I know that lots ofus he.re don't approve of this mis-use of government land and feel we don't have the say we should have in it. Ruth: I've had a dream for a long time of growing good food for a large number of people. And now that we're here it's starting to seem feasible ...The idea is to put up several composting greenhouses that can grow food al l year round. They're self-heating and also create C0 2 for optimum growing conditions. I've already asked to lease one of the open fields so we may soon be growing enough food for the whole area. Fresh vine-ripened tomatoes in January! I know I'll need more energy than mine to make it work, but I also know there are others here who'd get excited about it too. /(: Sharing land seems to open up so many possibilities. It's surprising that lhere aren't more communal projects going on that utilize th~ land. Rilth: J ~c;e Ce!o,as )c.ind of divided iMo two spaces--there are long-time members who've.already figured out bow to make it and then there are young ones wilh families wJ\o are t;trusgling to 9uild houses and take Qare of kids...so there's not a lot of' extra energy for even things like stopping. the clear-cutting. People are still doing things they'd be doing anywhere and that is getting their acrs togeiher. K: How about your relationship wilh lhe land itself? Ruth: That's something lhat took a while to sink in... that it's my land--all of this is my land--yet it's not. A big thing is that I have a voice in deciding anything that happens in regards to it. That feels really good. I feel the importance of taking responsibility in all respects for what we're doing right now to the Earth...and if I have a band in a pretty good size chunk, then that feels good to me. Also, because we're a community, we have a wider influence than just within the land trust. We can be an example to others who want to do the same thing - preserve large pieces of land. We can also help to influence what happens to other areas around us. Most of our land backs right up to the National Forest. land that the ~Forest service has control over (that is actually ours too - only not as directly), and they're going to be selling off parcels to the lumber industry for clear-cutting not far from here. That feels really awful K: Any dreams of what you'd like to see here? Rio: T here's been a lot more cooperation lately about almost everything though .... childcare, building projects-it seems like a growing trend to give here and take there and trade. So....and this is kind of a wild idea, but I thought perhaps the community could buy rights to that land instead of the timber companies. What better use for a chunk of money? And if we bought the land they wouldn't have to build a road or any of that - so that could be subtracted from what they'd normally charge and they'd actually end up owing us money! (laughs) I can't wait to run this by the land use committee. K: So when you take care of a piece of land you realize how connected it is to the whole area.... Even though I'm not a member, it's great to live near Celo and have so much land to walk on with fewer roads and fences and no "No Trespassing" signs. It's a real feeling of freedom and welcome. Living here, you can even forget what it's like out in the "real world" where land seems so arbitrarily divided up. Rio: I think I would call this the real Ruth: We've started a small garden club of organic growe~--and there's even a local person down the road who has joined. It's a real nice thing to be connecting wilh others in the area-feels like starting to reach out and cover the whoJe planet in terms of cooperation and doing things in a good way.... Hey, there's the osprey! (points above river) They've stayed around for three weeks now--they might be raising babies. K: Are there any areas where you'd like to see change? Ruth: Some members would like 10 see more things done communally. We have workdays once a month for 4 hours and they're a great way to get things done and help each other out. They'd really been fizzling out, lately - like 2 people showing up. But the last workday was really good, Rio: I think it was partly your enthusiasm... Ruth: Yeah, I got really fired up at lhe last meeting and presented it as a wonderful opportunity for everyone. world. K: What was the job? Ruth: I bet the trees would agree. (continued on page 24) KATIJAH-page 10 SUMMER- 1988 �LAND TRUST: Tenure for Our Times Among primitive tribal societies the world over, the Earth was seen as a living being, as alive and conscious as we. There were no "resources," but the mother planet gave her children what they needed to live. The natural forces were potent elemental beings. The idea of "owning" land or "resources" never came to mind until the development and spread of European society. lo our western culture land is parcelled out and sold, and once money has changed hands, owners assume it is their right to have their way with "their" property, whether or not it is in the interests of the land, the wider human community, or the life community as a whole. In 1945 the members of the Celo Community saw that individual land ownership threatened the continued existence of their community, and put their land base into common ownership. Members of Celo now lease a "holding," which grants a holder the right to live on and the right to use the land within guidelines set up by the community's Property Committee. This arrangement was a forerunner of the land trust concept, which was developed by Roben Swann and Ralph Borsodi during the 1960's. A land trust is a corporate entity (usually incorporated as not-for-profit) which is empowered to hold land. Land trusts are set up for a variety of purposes: - in rural areas they can be used to make homes and fanning land available to community people as the Community Land Association is doing in Clairmont in nonheast Tennessee. - in cities they are a powerful t.ool for resisting gentrification and making homes available to low-and moderate-income people. The South Atlanta Land Trust, which is restoring a declining neighborhood in Atlanta, GA is an example. -Conservation land trusts put Large tracts of undeveloped land into trust to preserve them in perpetuity The Ozarlc Regional Land Trust of Canhage, MO is an umbrella organization worlcing to foster all three approaches in the Ourlc mountains, as well as initiating educational projects in ecological land use and farming practices appropriate to that bioregion. In each of these situations the essential purpose of the land trust is to remove the land from the speculative marketplace so that. for whatever reasons, it can no longer be treated as a commodity. In a conservation land trust, human access to the Land is strictly limited. In rural community Land trusts, pans or alJ of a tract are made available for human residency and appropriate use such as ecological agriculture. In an urban setting, land trust holdings are dedicated to uses most beneficial to the community, whether for residences or community service areas. The non-profit land trust corporation retains title to the land and leases rights to community people, subject to land use KATUAH-page 11 Drawing by: Laurie Pierce guidelines of varying strictness depending on the purpose of the land trust. These leases are usually long,term contracts that may be passed on to descendants. Leaseholders who wish· to terminate a lease are allowed to sell the equity they have earned (i.e., the value of buildings and other improvements). Often tbe land trust reserves first options on these equities and buys them to re-sell to the next leaseholder. Land trusts can slow down runaway developmenL Land trusts can enable farm families to gain access'to agricultural land where Land speculation (as on vacation home properties) has caused highly inflated land prices. Land trusts can also preserve wild areas far beyond the lifetime of an individual owner. It is now a widely accepted principle that we cannot own ~nother of our own species as propeny. Someday we may evolve to the point where it would be incomprehensible to own an individual of any species as propehy. And someday, someday, we may progress to a stage where we once again regain the primitive sense of a free and living Earth that cannot be cut into pieces, cannot be bought or sold. The land trust, then, is a stepping-stone to the re-sacralization of the natural world. It is a legalistic mechanism suitable to the complexities of modem society, but it offers a way forward into a new and ancient relationship with the land. RESOURCES to help in unch:rstanding and implementing land trust: BOOKS The Community Land Trust Handbook by the lnstitwefor Community Econormcs (Rodale Press; Emmaus, PA; 1982 - available for $6.00 from ICE, see address below). "Through land trusts, co171171Wiities can regain control oflocal land and Jwusing. This book tells how.for both nual and urban communities." New OrJaniutional Prospects for Community and Conservation Land Trusts by Gregg Galbraith (available for $12.50 ppdfrom the Ozark Regional land Trust, see address beww). "A legal study of the nl()tUI of a regional land trust to assist the development of other regional land trusts." PERIODICALS Communit1 Economics - quarterly newsletter with articles abow develo~nts in community land trusts, community revolving loan funds, and other community development issues. Available by donation from ICE (see address beww). ORGANIZATIONS Jnstituiefor Communil)I Economics 151 Montague City Rd. Greenfield, MA 01301 Oz.art Regional Land Trust 427 S. Main St. Carthage, MO 64836 Solllhe.asr.un Land Presuvali,on Trust 305 Buclchead Ave. NE Atlanta, GA 30305 The School ofLiving (land Com11Uttee) do Common Ground Rt. 3, Box 231 Lexington, VA 24450 The Katuah Regional Land Trust is looking for charter members. This new organization is dedicated to "serving first the land, and then the life nourished by the land" by "reserving and restDring narural habitat areas; the ancient sacred sites and places of power; and a land base, whether rural or urban,for humans to conduct their lives in accord wilh the conditions of nature as found in the KatUah Province of the Appalachian bioregion." Please respond to: KatUali Regional land Trust; Rt. 2, Box 108-A; Whittier, NC 28789 ~ SUMMER- 1988 �LEARNING COMMUNITY by Judith Hallock Arthur Morgan School is a unique boarding school for 24 girls and boys in grades seven through nine. Named after an innovative American educator and activist, the school is based on the principles of Maria Montessori, Mohandas Gandhi, Arthur Morgan, and the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The stated central aim of the school is to help each student grow into a confident and responsible young person. The school property is part of Celo Community, an intentional land stewardship community. The 100 acre campus consists mainly of woods and meadows and is largely surrounded by national forest. Elizabeth Morgan, Anhur Morgan's daughter-in-law and founder of the Arthur Morgan School, did not go to school until she was the age for eighth grade. She had been lightly tutored by her parents, but she had mostly played around her home, helped her mother, read books, and made music. When she finally did start school, she found it exciting and raced through high school in three and one-half years as an honor student Elizabeth oommeoted that the amount of time children spend in school is usually out of proportion to what they learn there, and that most schools are a great waste of children's time. School, she said, is mainly a gigantic baby-sitting operation designed to keep children out of circulation in a society in which children no longer have any meaningful function except to grow up. It was her experience as a public school teacher that inspired her to found the Arthur Morgan School in 1962. She felt that adolescence is a particularly crucial time in the development of the whole person. Patty Keene-Windsor, school clerk, a central administrative position at the Arthur Morgan School, defined some of the special needs of puberty-aged young people: "The years between 12 and 15 are KATUAH- page 12 crucial years for developing a sense of self, and to do some brt;alcing away from family. It's a time of questioning habits and ways of doing things, challenging the way your family does things. It's a time of change and rebelling." In meeting these special needs, the Arthur Morgan School offers a community-based response. "The main focus of the school is for staff and students to create this community together," said Patty. Through conscious commuoitybui lding, the school becomes a working/living/learning/caring place. in educating the whole person, a whole life approach is taken, and the loving, healthy oommuoity becomes the core of the learning experience. At the same time, a I :2 staff-to-student ratio suppons individual needs. Values, which have been largely separated from education in the public schools, are an integral part of the Arthur Morgan School, and are directly related to community ideals. Cooperation, respect, openness, sense of self, responsibility, and interdependence are all qualities of a healthy community, and are learned by participation in the school oommunity life. ''By creating this oommunity, we are teaching community skills. We are giving the students an experience and a model that they can carry always. If they have experienced hearing each other, working on problems, being interdependent, in a small oommunity like this, they will Temember that when they move into a bigger community, or when they start thinking about the world," said Patty. Housing at the school is in family groups, with each composed of several students and two houseparents who share housekeeping functions as well as teaching and/or other staff duties. These families live in wood-heated homes on campus. Margot, a houseparent at Arthur Morgan School, wrote of her experience, "Ideally the job of a houseparent is to create a harmonious family environment for the students dwelling under her roof. We try to offer the students a secure and supportive place to return to after their school day. Since many of our students are seventh graders leaving home for the first time, we strive to maintain a family setting. The boarding houses are not dormitories, rather individual homes with structure and rules varying with the different houseparents. "What I find unique about houseparenting these young adults is that I can give them both support and positive criticism in a more or less objective manner. Their exposure to other peers of different backgrounds expands their universe and encourages social responsibility. The houses reflect the philosophy of the school in microcosm." Breakfasts are cooked and eaten in the houses, as are weekend lunches and two dinners each week. All other meals are eaten together in the school dining hall. The diet is largely vegetarian, with an emphasis on fresh whole foods, natural sweets, and organic produce from the school's large organfo garden. Weekdays begin with a short community gathering to share songs, skits, and announcements. All students attend classes in four core subjects - English, social studies, science, and math. Though individually designated by grade levels, students are grouped in these classes only by ability and interest. Class sizes are small, so teachers can focus on individual needs. Students are encouraged to see connections between their classwork and the outside world. Academics are supplemented by an electives program. Each student can choose up to six classes a semester from such offerings as music, drama. arts and crafts, shop, languages, sports, and dance. Neither electives nor core subjects are graded. Students and parents receive instead periodic written evaluations of the student's work. Leisure activities include special Saturday night activities such as a dance, talent show, group game, or sweat lodge. In addition, weekends often include soccer games and housefamily outings. Much time, both on weekends and weekdays, is spent outdoors. The mountain forest surrounding the Arthur Morgan School provides students with a wide variety of outdoor experiences. Extended trips in the fall and spring are supplemented by periodic day hikes and overnights. Patty said, "We provide challenges in this area that we are pretty sure the students can meet: like being able to stay out in the mountains for six days, or walking or canoeing certain distances. At this age, when these kind of physical challenges are met, and the students feel they have succeeded, there is a great feeling of exhilaration." Each spring the students explore the world beyond Katuah on a three-week field trip. In recent years they have put on a travelling show, canoed the Florida Everglades, and assisted at a refugee camp on the Texas-Mexican border. (conlinucd on page 26) SUMMER-1988 �Land Use Planning in Buncombe County, NC by Carol Lawrence Whether or not it is mentioned by Asheville promoters recruiting new businesses, one of the attractions of Buncombe County - along with the clean air and water, year-round temperate climate, and stunning natural beauty - is the freedom to develop land outside the city in any way the owner sees fit. There is, in other words, no overall counry zoning plan. The last attempt at county-wide zoning was made in 1973. It was not successful. Johnny Robens, a Flat Creek resident who worked against the recent zoning proposal there, remembers that attempt. "It went down like the Titanic," he recalls. Buncombe County Board of Commissioners Chairman R. Curtis Ratcliff recalls it the same way. "When commissioners held hearings on that proposed zoning plan, the further we got into the county, the more opposed everyone was." "I doubt that there is currently enough pro-zoning sentiment to revive the county-wide plan," says Jim Coman, County Zoning Administtator. "There is not a consensus among the commissioners on county-wide land use planning and regulation. Undoubtedly, some are more in favor of it than others. Among residents, there's certainly limited desire for zoning out in the rural areas. What I hear over and over is 'We don't wanr anybody telling us what to do with our land_"' As a result, land use in the regions surrounding Asheville is a matter left up to each individual township. And the recenr events in Flat Creek point up exactly how difficult it can be to develop land use planning on a local basis. Earlier this year, the Vulcan Materials Company of Birmingham, Alabama took out a long-term lease option on a 99-acre parcel of land in the Flat Creek area. Their intent: 10 quarry granite and produce crushed stone. Controlled blasting would open up a large pit, eventually going down some 200 to 400 feet. The granite in the substrata would be extracted, crushed, and hauled away in trucks. In compliance with procedures established by the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (NRCD), Vulcan sem notice of its plans to all Flat Creek residents owning adjacent land. Upon learning of this intended development, area residents became concerned. In fact, they were so concerned that when the NRCD sponsored a public bearing in the elementary school on the hot, muggy night of August 6, the auditorium was packed with 400 area residents. Another 400, unable to fit in, remained outside. Overwhelmingly, those attending disapproved of the proposed quarry. Together, they began to investigate what they could do to prevent the coming of the quarry. Thar's how Flat Creek residents started what is called a community planning program. This option, open to any KATUAH - page 13 AT RISK Photo by: Chip Smith Buncombe County township, allows residents to establish a community planning council, which, in tum, can draft land use (zoning) ordinances. On October 17, after two months of work by a 15-member planning council and community input at the Buncombe County Planning Department, a comprehensive zoning ordinance was presented to the Flat Creek residents for approval. As evidence of the interest sparked by the zoning question, 1,560 residents - 600 more than cast ballocs in the last Presidential election turned out to vote. The proposed land use ordinance was defeated by a margin of nearly 3 to 1. Manha Claxton, an Asheville pediatrician who lives in Flat Creek, served on the community planning council and continues active volunteer work against the proposed quarry. She explains the move toward zoning this way: "We started looking at zoning because of that quarry. We were concerned about things like the effects the quarry would have on the fragile water table, whether the blasting would cause basemenr walls to crack, how safe the children would be in school buses that share roads with large rock 1:IUcks, not to mention the nuisance of noise, dust, and blasting vibration." "We knew, even in early August, that passing of the zoning ordinance would not necessarily keep Vulcan out; they started the application process before we started the zoning process. We proceeded because we hoped that strong anti-quarry sentiment combined with a zoning ordinance prohibiting quarry expansion might cause Vulcan to rethink that particular site." Johnny Roberts, a 43-year resident of the Flat Creek area and owner of a local store, agrees that local sentiment ran against the quarry. Yet he, like many others, voted against zoning. "The main thing is that people here own their land, they pay for it, and they don't want people telling them what to do with it," he says. "The County has very strict rules about building and construction and people just feel that's enough." There will be no zoning in Flat Creek. And Flat Creek residents - who by and large still oppose the proposed quarry - have not solved the problem of persuading the NRCD to refuse Vulcan's mining permit application. Further, Flat Creek citizens could find themselves in this sicuation again, should another company announce plans to build an asphalt production facility, for example, or open another tavern adjacent to the elementary school, or develop a multi-acre mobile home park. In every case in Buncombe County where there has been interest in community-based zoning, it has been in response to unwelcome development. The two communities in the county that enacted local zoning, Beaverdam to the north and Limestone to the south, did so out of concern, the former about housing development and the latter about a junkyard. IUnkVard. Currently, residents of an area on Goldview Road are investigating zoning because they do not want the new Craggy Prison located in their neighborhood. They approached the Commissioners for help in developing prohibitive zoning. The Commissioners responded by asking them to try to establish a community planning program for the whole French Broad Township, rather than just the Goldview Road area. Given strong anti-zoning sentiment present in rural Buncombe communities, it may be impossible to do that "Because of the differing opinions, zoning is a difficult question," says County Attorney Keith Snyder. "For the most part, where there's interest in zoning is in portions of townships that are highly urbanized. In the outer perimeters of the county, they are against it. "Rather than have piecemeal, partial zoning, I recommended to the Commission that they do a comprehensive analysis of the county. We know which areas are becoming urbanized. We know where the large tracts of undeveloped land are. Looking at all those things together, the Commission could then develop policy on where industry should locate and where there should be shopping centers and where there should only be residential building." In the meantime, county residents though in favor of protecting their community's water supply, clean air, and propeny values - may have little say in what happens in their neighborhoods. Reprinted from the Winter, 1988 issue of Dircovery News a publication of Asheville-Buncombe Discovery; 46 llaywood St. (Suite 336); Asheville, NC 28801. ~ SUMMER - 1988 �REST IN PERPETUAL WILDERNESS by Billy Campbell In the densely popula1ed highlands of the island of New Guinea in the lands of the once cannibalistic Fore ( pronounced "!or-AY") tribe, there are still pockets of untouched wilderness. These are the sacred groves, or pies masalai, near which the bodies of their dead are buried. The Fore regard these areas with/ear, believing that here the ghosts of the dead are waiting to possess the bodies of any who enter. Because of their fear, beamif11l, wild, untouched stands of the original forest still exist in the midst ofagricultural lands and a teeming human population. When my father died, the funeral director, a decent person and a friend from childhood, steered us toward his top-of-the-line casket It cost more than a lot of cars do. We settled instead for the only wooden model that he had. He cautioned us that it was not "watertight," but consoled us with the fact that Dan Blocker (Hoss Cartwright on the TV show "Bonanza") was buried in an identical casket could we not put the money that is spent on expensive burials and sterile plots into the purchase of natural settings that could also act as protected habitat areas?.....Sacred groves, certainly. The money that we invest in funerals and "perpetual care" today is considerable. The Wall Street Journal stated in May of 1985 that there is more than $4 billion invested in funeral trusts in this country. I live where the mountains drop to the piedmont in South Carolina. Land here goes for $800 per acre. Together, one thousand members of a memorial society, each contributing $1,000 (which is only one-quarter the cost of my father's burial) could purchase l,250 acres of land: a The pies masaJais of the Fore inspired me with a different idea. I would rather have laid my father's body to rest in a wild setting, full of the quiet and peace of nature...a place reached by a trail instead of a road, where trees would stand guard over my father's remains and in turn be nourished by him to stand tall in his memory. Why is this not possible? Why While some might want their remains cremated and their ashes scattered, others would want a marker designating a specific place of interment. Instead of the usual tombstones, more natural markers would be appropriate. ln keeping with the concept of creating vigneues of wilderness, living plants, or colonies of plants, might be best. A particular burial site might be graced by a colony of orchids,for example, or perhaps trilliums. Living memorials could be coordinated by a resident restoration ecologist in areas that have been heavily impacted. ln such a setting, an American chestnut tree might make a particularly good memorial. Because of the continuing blight problem, native chestnuts will probably need human help if they are to survive outside of orchards. The setting would offer a rich source for ritual. Imagine a communion ceremony using chestnut bread and muscadine wine. Limited harvesting of stunted rrees from the forest would yield materials to make heirloom baby cradles, marriage beds, or even caskets. While it is consistent with most religious beliefs, the practice of using funeral parks could be transforming, "greening" Christianity, Islam, or other spiritual practices. Next he showed us the vaults. The first was Italian scrolled, guaranteed not to leak for 100 years and able to withstand thousands of pounds per square foot of overpressure. I cold the director that it all seemed silly. First of all, who was going to check to see if it leaked, and who cared if it did? Such strength might come in handy if we were trying to protect the corpse from a direct nuclear strike. but otherwise it seemed pretty useless. I suggested that we not have a vault. The director seemed aghast at the idea. "Billy, the casket you picked is not watertight. If you don't get a vault, in a few years the ground above will.....sink. in. Family members would have to deal with the fact that din and water are.....going in .....on the loved one." Ultimately, my father's body was pumped full of toxic chemicals, placed in a casket, which was placed in a vault, buried in an over-manicured graveyard, and covered with pea gravel. The whole affair cost $4,000.00. parks are hazardous waste dumps, filled with small, sealed capsules of toxic chemicals, the grass abpve artificially maintained a perfect green with another assortment of toxic materials. significant parcel of land that would serve as a lasting (and, to my mind, a fitting) legacy for furure generations. Large undeveloped tracts near towns would be the first sites to be considered as memorial forest areas, especially those unlikely to be protected by government or other private programs. Unprotected Indian mounds, especially those in proximity to extensive woodland areas, would be prime sites. The membership in a given area might sponsor a survey and biological inventory of significant sites. Burials in this memorial forest would have to be simple. Bodies could not be preserved, and any containers would have to be built of easily degradeable materials. Formaldehyde, with which bodies are preserved in standard practice, is a poisonous material. Present-day memorial I wish my body to nourish a part of the Living forest, marked only by a colony of trilliums or a chestnut tree, in an area that would be pleasant and rejuvenating for others to visit, in which they would be reminded of life's continuing cycles of growth and death, decomposition and rebirth. This would be truly a sacred place. Any others who are interested in joining a memorial forest society may inquire (send no money, please) of: Dr. Billy Campbell P.O. Box 152 Westminster, SC 29693 or write to the: Katuah Regional Land Trust Rt. 2, Box 108-A Whittier, NC Katuah Province 28789 ~ p (see page 11) Dr. Billy Campbell practices family medicine in Westminster. He is a good Scot and true to his clan. Drawing by: Wes Wyau KATUAH - page 14 SUMMER - 1988 �r THE RIDGE There is a ridge in southern Virginia over which I enter and leave my farm. Deer leap and call on this ridge, ground hogs scurry to their holes, wild turkeys range. An almost white skunk lives in an old pile of handmade brick, which I would like to use were they not his home. I've seen a silver fox on this ridge, and thought a 'possum really dead, and sat spellbound as deer walked close and looked at me. Here the moon rises damp and close and the stars seem near touching. The unseen life of night lingers in the early dew and the sun rises with ringing echo from two ridges and a river over, where a farmer calls his cows. Unless fog has quietened the world, a blue line of distant ridges separates the sky from all the fields and tree tops that lie before it. The day's last color slips westward behind a mountain that humps large and green, protective. Breeze skips up the pass to this high place or shifts to wind that rushes in from the woods to the north. An unmaintained road cuts beyond those woods down to the house, too steep in ice or mud for my jeep. I park atop the ridge and climb a split rail fence. Pasture grass nods as I walk, and halfway down the familiar path, cool air from the spring dampens my face. Grouse flap the air as they rise. I glimpse my house in the hollow below. The ridge is more than passage to my home and place where I walk at each days beginning and end. The land itself is a friend to talk to and the animals answer. Here I learned to stand alone and discovered myself joined to all life. It is my place of beginning and entry to a larger world. © 1988 &y Nancy Bcir nharcit KATUAH - page 15 SUMMER-1988 �FARMERS AND THE FARM BILL By Chip Smith Late in 1985, the U.S. Congress passed into law the Food Security Act, or "Farm Bill." According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the administrating agency, the intent of the bill is to "reduce soil erosion, minimize the amount of wetlands and grasslands being converted to cropland, and reduce surplus commodities, which in rum will strengthen the overall farm economy.'' The impetus for this bill was the realization that the governme.nt has actually encouraged soil erosion and loss of wetlands by allowing farmers to include highly erodible lands and converted wetlands as part of their "base acreage" for a variety of farm support programs. This policy contributed to the crop surplus and falling commodity prices which have fueled the recent era of unpaid loans and farm forecloswes. To Congress, "farm" means the corporate superfarms of the west, midwest and coastal regions, but agriculture in Karuah is affected as well. Legislation passed in Washington cannot afford to be sensitive to special problems and paradoxes on the local level. But in Kanfah, implementation of the Farm Security Act is rife with paradox. While the goals of the act are necessary and valid and the principles on which it is based are admirable, the sweeping generalizations in its provisions are causing hardship and loss and may force more small farmers off their mountain landholdings. In Katuah, agriculture is a small-scale industry that is no longer the major contributor to soil erosion problems. A "Land Development Security Act" or a "Road Construction Security Act" would be more effective in controlling soil loss and stream siltation. Yet, the conservation provisions of the Farm Bill state that fields with a slope greater than nine percent are "highly erodible land" and are to blame for excessive erosion and lost productivity. Furthermore, if farmers are to receive the benefits of the various farm support programs, they must submit approved conservation farm plans by 1990 and have them implemented by 1995. The locaily governed Soil and Water Conservation Districts, with assistance from the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, are in charge of plan approval. The Conservation Reserve Program has also been established for those who wish to be subsidized for retiring croplands to pasture or tree farms. At the head of Long Branch in Yancey County, North Carolina two old timers, Raines and Eugene Hughes tend burley tobacco. Their farm is an original version of small-scale mountain agriculture. They bought it as a gullied-out and overgrown depression farm in 1936. KATUAH-page 16 Today, the pastured hills, neat garden, and "baccer" patch reveal much of their independence and stewardship. Proud and outspoken, they resent what they feel is a judgment passed on their farming abilities. "Well, I tell you - I don't think too much of that Farm Bill myself," said Raines. "You don't have much freedom anymore, do ya? Somebody telling you something what to do all the time, seems like. "Anytbing's gonna get eroded, if it's not got a cover on it" And Eugene said, "We've always farmed that way, ever since we were kids. Our dad was the first man to start that in this section here. It looks like a plan to cut us small farmers out, is what it looks like." Today, the conservation provisions of the Farm Bill require the installation of erosion control practices such as terrace systems, grassed water ways, field borders, and/or alternate year crop/cover crop rotations. For mountain farmers already short on tillable land, conservation compliance means fewer crops, smaller profits and a questionable future. Tobacco has been a staple of mountain agriculture for generations, because tending burley is a labor intensive, family operation. It requires very little mechanization: a borrowed tractor and planter and the garden tiller will do. The labor needed for weeding, cutting, hanging, and grading the leaf is provided by family members. Tobacco growing is possible with resources mountain people have, and a productive season can bring a profit of at least $2000 an acre. "To fellers like us it means a lot," said Eugene. "It goes right back on the farm, what we get from tobacco. That's what we set aside to pay our taxes, buy our fertilize, and such. "People here in these mountains depended on tobacco until these factory plants came to town. We're one of the few who still live off the farm." Raines and Eugene realize the good intentions of the Farm Bill, but as Eugene put it, "Those fellers haven't been outta Washington in a while: "lf we was younger we'd kick more. We always looked forward to farming all our life. People say anymore: Well, I may farm this year and I may not next year.' Nowadays a feller will just get him a job at the plant." Raines said, "It's a haphazard way to farm. It's just turned around from the way it used to be." Realizing an too well the consequences of noncompliance, Eugene lamented, "We're gonna try to comply with the law. Take two fellers that's 75 and 77 years old - we've not got too many years to grow, have we? We're Appalachian paupers, but proud of it." In the midst of renewed interest in stewardship and small-scale mountain agriculture, many of our teachers are packing up shop. These mountains are no longer a barrier to the fast paced "outside world." An inflated land market has pushed propeny values out of the reach of local Plant jobs are pulling family people. members off the farm, and discount stores entice them away from agrarian values. Tobacco abuse kills, but an alternative crop to fill the place of burley in mountain agriculture hasn't been found. In short, while the Farm Bill may help clear the streams, in the Appalachian mountain country it is inadvenently contributing to the demise of a way of life. SUMMER- 1988 �"Relating to the Land" (These are the words of a traditional Cherokee medicine person) My grandfather told me that one day when his grandfather was sick and they knew that he was going to die, he called together some friends and the members of his family and spoke to them. My grandfather was jost a boy at the time, and he could not hear what was said, but his grandfather got up and he looked strong and healthy. The old man gathered a group of men and boys, and, though he was young, my grandfather was allowed to accompany them. They walked and camped for a month through western NQitb Carolina and parts of eastern Tennessee. They carried his grandfather some of the time, but most of the time he walked by himself. They went to places that, seen through a boy's eyes, seemed insignificant to my grandfather. They would go to a rock and his grandfather would look at it and rub all over it, and then maybe he would tell them to take him to some little creek up in a cove someplace, and he would peer around in there. He was tcliving bis history. These were places that were familiar to him, that represented part of his life, and each place was important to the old man. To him, the land was personal. These places wetc a part of himself. They were alive as the world was alive. Western culture sees the world as dead. But the Indian People know the Earth as a living organism. The screams are the Earth's blood. The soil is the flesh. The plants and the leaves are the hair. The rocks are the bones. The wind is the breath. The Earth is one living organism, and the human race is part of that organism, not something set apart. Everything has a spirit. Everything that is living seems to be an in. ividual entity, separate to itself. Each of us seems d to be an individual. bot actually, we are each made op of trillions of parts - things that can be seen and things that cannot be seen. And all those pans are dependant on one another. The planet is the same way. It is the same kind of life just larger. And the human species is just one of the pans of the Great Life. Collectively, the individual spirits of everything that lives make up the Great Spirit When you conjure, and you hook into power, that is your power. But you have to feel part of it first. We get our power from being able to move evenly with the other pans of the Great Life. There is no trick or magic to it, other than knowing yourself as a pan of this life. KATUAH-page 17 Our gifts of intelligence and creativity were given to us so we could be caretakers, so we could perpetuate the Great Life. It is our role, our pan of the plan, to be conscious. The side effect of that is ego. Some people call it lust or sin, but it's separation from God. It's true, because what we have here is God, whatever it is. At some time the human race reached a point in its developement where our ego overrode all the innate understandings we had held since we were primeval slime, or whtaever we first were. Now, our biggest conflict is to concrol our intellect that has grown by such leaps and bounds in such a short period of time. Our shortcomings are reflected in the culmination of European or western culture, which is highly individualistic: Western culture makes people believe that the Earth begins when they are born, and is over when they die. They have the most incredible notion that there is a God up in the sky that serves us alone and, the ultimate of ego, that we are created in his image. He made everything on this planet for our use, and if we can't use it, it's a weed or crash. The best story my grandfather ever told to show the difference between European and Indian ways was to say that when an Indian man bunts the bear, and be kills the bear, be gives thanks, and promises the bear to use all the parts of his body, for that is the bear's gift to us. If an Indian man goes out to hunt the bear, and the bear rips him down and eats him, there is no hostility against the bear. It wasn't the bear's idea that be was to eat meat The Creator.put this notion in him. . ., The people would mourn the man and grieve for him, but there was no anger toward the bear. It was just the creature's nature, just like it was the man's nature to be out hunting him. There was no separatiQn from the bear at all, If this were to happen to a white man, the others would go out and comb the mountains and kill any bear they saw. We arc all predators. But western man cannot tolerate another predator. Wolves, mountain lions.... white people don't want them out there as competitiou. They don't eat them. The only other predators western man eats are fish. They aren't going to eat a wolf, but they will kill him off. If a creature can be domesticated, controlled completely, and made useful to humans, then it's from God. If it can't be made useful, then they eliminate it God made a mistake there. · For European culture there. is no concept of balance, no concept that we are pan of a greater whole. It is alien; it's like they arc from another planet. Look at how they throw their crash and litter around! Would they do that at home? It all goes back to the ego that says we are made in the image of God and all this was created for us. In the body of the world, we are cancerous cells. Cancer is when a group of cells in the body goes crazy for one reason or another. There are environmental reasons for why we are acting so crazy, reasons which we created ourselves. But there are still some deeper reasons why we are susceptible to this disease of the spirit. After all, we are the product of millions and millions of years of evolution, and everything else is evolving along with us. We m responsible for ourselves. We may not be able to stop accidents, or something somebody else does to us; but the sickness and disease, we are responsible for all that. The world was not made for us alone. My grandfather's grandfather said that we are mainly observing what is happening in our own lives. We can dodge things a little bit to the left or to the right, but the major aspects of things we are just observing. Observation....tbat's what we are doing. SUMMER - 1988 �- Soil acidification could release bound aluminum in toxic amounts. - Nutrients could be leached out and lost from acidified soils. - Excess nitrogen, acidification, or released heavy metals could deplete or destroy soil microorganism populations or the mycorrhizae fungi, which Live in a beneficial relationship with the roots of the spruce and fir trees, causing nutrient deficiencies. NATURAL WORLD NEWS REPORT "IT COMES ON A MIST..... " "The bottom line is that someone at some point has to make a decision as to whether or not the evidence is strong enough to do something about acid rain ..... "We have a lot nwre informarion now than we did two to three years ago. The nwnality of trees has increased tenfold over the past five years. But we could spend another 50 years studying this issue and never gather enough proof to slww that A plus B equals C." - Roben Bruck, to the AsbeyWe Ciifilul, March 5, 1988 Since 1983 Dr. Robert Bruck has been coordinating a team of field scientists from North Carolina State University (NCSU) investigating the mysterious dieback of the spruce/fir forest that was once a grand mantle draped over the shoulders of Mount Mitchell and the other peaks of the Black Mountain range (see KatUah Journal #9). Using the most sophisticated equipment, the researchers have been testing the soil, soil microorganisms, and the trees themselves, to determine the amount of airborne pollution the mountaintops are receiving and the effects of this pollution. Their field work is supported by experiments in climate control chambers and greenhouse tests to determine the tolerances and parameters of the tree species. Another team of NCSU scientists funded by the Environmental Protection Agency doing intensive studies of the chemistry of the orographic (associated with mountains) cloud cover that shrouds Mt. Mitchell and the Blacks for 250 days of the year. The data these scientists have produced are chilling. During the year 1986-87 Ml. Mitchell received approximately 122 kilograms/hectare (roughly equal to pounds per acre) of acidified sulfates. Ouring that same period approximately 65 Kg/ha (lbs/a) of nitrates were deposited on the mountaintop. Ozone, when in the lower atmosphere, is a gaseous pollutant panicularly damaging to plants. It is formed when nitrogen oxides are combined with the hydrocarbons produced by auto exhaust in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is frequently present at concentrated levels at the top of Mt. Mitchell. Of 3,000 readings taken during 1986, one quarter approached or exceeded a level of 80 ppb (parts per billion), which was shown in greenhouse tests to be acutely toxic to young fir and spruce trees. At the same time the mountaintops are bathed in an acidic mist which registers a 2.5-3.4 pH level. Because pH is figured KATIJAH - page 18 Cm.tree logarithmically, the clouds' lowest pH levels are 1,000 times more acidic than normal atmospheric conditions. Precipitation, which is more diluted, ranges from pH 4.0-5.0. Those clouds, so gentle in appearance, are panicularly threatening to the upland forests. They are formed by moisture-laden air, which, as it rises over the mountains, cools and condenses into fog. In the process it attracts and bonds with particles of airborne, water-soluble pollutants, and this concentrated, poisonous broth settles on the tree needles, where much of the toxic payload is absorbed before the droplets fall, branch by branch, to the soil. The variety of chemicals in the mist solution could affect the trees in different ways at each stage of their journey to the eanh: - Acidification could damage or destroy foliage, as was observed after one highly acidic cloud covered the mountaintop. Forty-eight hours later the rips of exposed spruce needles were brown and dead. - Acidic oxides, alone or in combination with ozone, could leach nutrients from the foliage. -The chemical pollutants could interfere with the tree's metabolic processes. - Excess nitrogen could increase susceptibility to frost and freeze damage. Pollutants can also work through the soil. In one experiment. seedlings were planted in soil taken from the top of Mt. Mitchell to a lower elevation. 93% of the seedlings died. Examination of the soil showed that it was highly acidified and low in the nutrient elements calcium and magnesium. Toxins in the soil could damage trees by some or any of these means: To come to grips with the problem of the airborne pollutants, " ..... the scientific and policy-making communities wilJ have to find common ground in dealing wich 'imperfect knowledge,"' wrote Dr. Bruck. He is warning us that, although his team and other scientists will be keeping up the intensive investigations they have maintained for the last five years, it would be a mistake co postpone decision-making until a clear and simple cause-and-effect relationship is proven. The situation is simply too complex. That the high-altitude boreal forest is being subjected to massive doses of airborne pollutants is clear. But it is impossible to isolate a single chemical compound or a single process as being the sole culprit for the forest decline. The different chemical permutations and possibilities are endless, as would be the wait if positive proof of the reasons for the tree dieback were required. It has been clearly shown, however, that a great percentage of the sulfates being carried on the air currents are produced by coal-fired utility plants and smelcing industries. It is also known that most free nitrates are put into the air by automotive exhaust emissions. There are sophisticated scrubbers presently on the market that, if installed in the tall industrial smokestacks, could remove much of the sulfates now being spewed into the air. Catalytic converters are now being developed that could reduce the level of nitrates produced by automotive traffic by 85%, according to Bruck. Nothing is going to avert the need for a basic change in the way we live our lives, but we are not going to have the chance to effect a change, unless we take steps to alleviate the ecological catastrophe we are creating. And, meanwhile, we are sacrificing other species daily to our wantonness. Again quoted by the Ashcyil le ~Bruck said: 1: 0 300 j 200 E £ "The technology is available today, right now, to clean up the vast majority of the problems I am showing you the daJa on. Tlrat is what can be done if you decide as a society that this is a problem and that we need to do something abouz it." 100 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 1~ 115 125 0.-IPl>DI SUMMER- 1988 �NATURAL WORLD NEWS REPORT Duke Power Company of Charlonc, NC, intends 10 purchase the Nantahala Power and Light Comany (NP&L) in Katuah Province. The Linc is proposed 10 carry bulk electricity from Duke installations on the piedmont to Nantahala's service area in the mountains. But scratching away the surface reveals that there is more, much more, at stake in this project than the needs of a small rural utility company. The Linc is 10 be 26 miles long, strung from hilltop to hilltop on towers that would range from 125 10 175 feet in height and 100 feet wide at the base, costing at least $30 million to construct. It will carry two 230 kilovolt (KV) high-tension lines from Duke installations in the Jocassee watershed to a point near Cashiers, NC, from which point a single 161 KV line would continue on to tie in with a sub-station planned for construction in the small community ofTuckascgee in Jackson County, NC. The Line would climb out of the Jocassee Watershed, leaving an ugly scar through the basin of the Toxaway River. Along its route The Line would march up the sides and over the top of Toxaway Mountain, marring the face of that mountain beloved by residents and summer people alike in Transylvania County, NC. It would stretch along the sides of the Pamhcnown Valley, a spectacular area that harbors sights of sheer cliffs and rare vegetation not 10 be found anywhere else in the cast. The Linc would bisect imponant wild habitat areas in the Greenland Creek drainage and the Tuckascgee River Valley, which arc large areas of uninterrupted forest that would be cut in two and laid open forever after to disruption by humans and their machines. Fanher down the valley, The Line would swallow up property and homes and heedlessly push aside families who have lived on the same farms and homesites for generations. One evening in May representatives of citizen and environmental groups and residents of the NP&L service area came together to talk about The Linc. As the conversation moved around the table, and each participant spoke of his or her own perspective or fears on the issue, the pieces of the giant jigsaw puzzle that is Duke's master plan for the Kauiah Province, fell into place. Ripped Off by Alcoa Veronica Nicholas, a county commissioner in Jackson County, told of a decade-long struggle between a group called Citizens for Low-Cost Power and the Alcoa Aluminum Company, the industrial giant that presently owns NP&L (sec Katuah Journal #3). Originally, Alcoa had set up hydroelectric generating facilities on the TV A lakes in the Tuckasegee River watershed as a public utility, which meant DUKE'S POWER PLAY that the company had certain privileges in acquiring land and setting rates that went along with the obligation to provide power to the residentS of the area. However, soon after the generating facilities were completed, Alcoa split its holdings into two companies, Tapoco Company and NP&L. Tapoco, although it was originally established as pan of a public utility, was kept to feed Alcoa's voracious energy appetite. NP&L remained a utility to provide for the area residents, but it was clearly a "neglected stepchild" of the parent corporation. When Tapoco was a utility, almost all of the area's electrical needs were met with hydroelectric power generated in th.! mountains. After the split, NP&L's generating capacity had to be supplemented by power purchased outside the region. This resulted in the ludicrous situation of Alcoa siphoning cheap electric power from the mountains, while ratepayers in the hiUs paid to have nuclear power "wheeled in" from the Tennessee Valley Authority. Not only did the nuclear power cost more, but it had to pass directly through the Alcoa plant on its way back to the mountains! NP&L ratepayers finally rebelled in 1977 and began legal motions to regain the use of Tapoco's generating power and 10 recover the money with which they had been subsidizing Alcoa. The case went through extended litigation, until the ratepayers were flatly denied by an unsympathetic conservative bench on the US Supreme Court in 1987. "II feels that (with this sale) we arc simply changing masters," said Nicholas. "It is becoming increasingly clear that we are losing our power to determine the use of our natural resources. That's what my main input will be tonight: Tapoco is not included in thjs sale to Duke Power. Alcoa is trying to relieve itself of itS public obligations, just as it did in the l950's when it tried to sell its transmission lines to Duke. If this sale goes through, Tapoco will be supplying the power Alcoa needs for smelting aluminum, and our ability to provide for ourselves will be forever gone." Biology professor Dan Pittillo, chairman of the Western North Carolina Alliance and a resident of Jackson County, added, "NP&L has never been funded properly, and it has not been able LO keep up with their maintenance as they should, so that there is S40 million in maintenance that needs to be done in the next ten years. "Duke promised us that when they purchased the company, ratCS would remain stable for five years. rm thinking, though, that after that time the rates we will have to pay will go up from the 4.5-5 cents per kilowatt/hour that we arc paying now, to 8-9 cents per kilowatt/hour, which is about what Duke's rates arc at present" Pittillo also displayed a copy of a Duke Power annual report, published in February, 1988, which boasted that, "If regulators approve the acquisiton, we expect that NP&L will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Duke Power. The company (continued on next page) KATUAH-page 19 SUMMER- 1988 �HOLD THAT LINE! WHAT'S ON THE OTHER END OF THE DUKE POWER LINE? - HABITAT & SCENIC AREAS DESTRUCTION? - NUCLEAR DEPENDENCY AND NUCLEAR WASTE? - RATE HIKES FOR EXPENSIVE IMPORTED POWER? - MORE DAMS? ENERGY EXPLOITATION OF THE MOUNTAINS? )! ~; - .. c: • ·c LET'S GET THE FACTS BEFORE DUKE BUYS OUT NANTAHALA POWER AND LIGHT S! • - Write to the public staff of the NC Utilities Commission. Support their request to postpone hearings on the Nantahala sale until, September. Address: Antoinette-Wike, Public Staff, NC Utlltltles u c • 2 S! ,, > c( .Cl Commission, P.O. Box 29520, Ralelgh, NC 27626 M ,... fOf ttf HO\.D THAT llNIJ l o• - Otll• "°" NC tUU (continued from page 19) will in turn supply bulk power to supplement NP&L's hydroelectric generating system. To deliver that power, Duke will build a transmission line to the NP&L system and gain a direct link.for the first time with the 7VA, which serves more than 3.1 million customers in seven states. That link will create the opportunity for other bulk power sales to the west." (emphasis ours) Showdown at Coley Creek Sitting near Pinillo was Bill Thomas, public lands chair for the NC state Sierra Club chapter and a co-chairman of the Jocassec Watershed Coalition. Duke has nlready damaged a pristine wilderness area in that basin with a pumped-storage project on Bad Creek. Thomas said, "The Jocassee Watershed Coalition is tied up with this transmission line in some fashion, because Duke is considering putting a second 2100 megawau pumped-storage facility on Coley Creek at a cost of $3.3 billion dollars. We thought aJI along that they were jiggering their electrical demand forecast to make it appear as if they would need a 5,000 megawatt output in their service area by the year2000. "What I'm thinking now, when I sec this NP&L move, is that there is no penalty co Duke for over-forecasting if they have this pipeline to the west. What we are seeing is the use of North Carolina resources being used for Duke's profit, as they extend their tentacles to the west. That's a matter of public policy that needs to be debated quite fiercely." Thomas continued, "Jim Hendricks, principal engineer of Duke's design division, and others have told us that the ultimate plan is to put in a 500 KV line. That means that any route that is chosen will have two sets of towers and a 1,000·1,500 foot right-of-way. "500 KV lines are up in the voltage range where possible adverse health effects are something you can't just brush off. I don't know much about electromagnetic KATIJAH - page 20 radiation fields, but it has been brought up as a possible cause for health problems in other places." "Why, western North Carolina is being set up like dominoes!" someone exclaimed. "If they can get that line in, then they can justify Coley Creek. And, while they've been saying they need it to supply NP&L, all along they've been wanting to sell power to TVA and even further west!" ''What we are seeing is the use of North Carolina resources being used for Duke's profit, as they extend their tentacles to the west. That's a matter of public policy that needs to be debated quite fiercely." "We Didn't Want to See lt" A woman resident from the Sapphire Community, located along the route of The Line as it passes through Transylvania County, said, "It would have been just above our house. We didn't want to see it, but we didn't know what effect physically living under those lines would have. So we sold our house because of it "Duke gave us a very good price. We asked them if we should price it without our furniture, but they said that they wanted co keep the furnishings, because they were going to use the house for an executive retreat. That doesn't sound like a public service company to me." Dan Pittillo said, "A main issue in this discussion is the attitude that Duke is taking. Duke is working like an aggressive business 1hat is interested in selling power and keeping people working on their projects. They are doing what is good for business. Their interest is not the people whom they are supposed to be serving. They are not interested in conserving energy. Why, if Duke were on a conservative bent, they would have no need for this whole system whatsoever!" Others in the room spoke as well. Several Jackson County residents were unalterably opposed to Duke Power's nuclear record and the company's lobbying effons to bring the Southeastern Compact's low-level radioactive waste dump to North Carolina. They wanted 1he NP&L sale stopped completely. Some of the most vigorous opposition came from members of a property-owners' group around Lake Toxaway, whose main interest was in maintaining the value of their area as a vacation spot. They complained of Duke's high·handed methods in not consulting with local people as The Line was being planned, buying the right-of-way propenies under false pretenses, and announcing the project only after the property was purchased and the company was already commi11ed to a specific route. Although Duke's publicity said alternate routes were being considered, the propeny-owners said that the company could produce no alternative plans when asked to do so. The group gathered together that evening represented different people from different points of view, but each piece added co the puzzle made the whole picture of Duke Power Company's plans for the "development" of Katuah become more frighteningly clear. David Wheeler SUMMER 1988 �Tiffi CHEROKEE MICRO-HYDROELEC1RIC DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: An Appropriate Community Energy System (Readers are referred to the article "llomemade Electricity• by Richard llotaJing in Ka11jah Journal #4 concerning the value, simplicity, importance, and •how-10• of micro-hydroelecrric power gtner01io11.) Tucked away in the shade of a cool mountain holler on the Cherokee Indian Reservation is a prototype of an advanced technology still little-known to the world. It 1s not made with circuits and capacitors, but rather with concrete, plastic pipe, and common sense. It is a micro-hydroelectric system that taps the kinetic energy of the Galamore Branch, a small creek flowing down from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park into the Raven Fork in the Big Cove Community. Electricity produced at the site powers the Big Cove Head Stan Center, the Big Cove Community Center, and the Big Cove Volunteer Fire Department building. The project has been developed through the cooperation of Appalachian State University, the Energy Division of the Nonh 01rolina Depanment of Commerce, and Save the Children, lnc .. by Michael Red Fox With its abundant water supplies and steep slopes, the Katuah Province is ideally suited by climate and topography for micro-hydro power production. It is hoped that the Cherokee project will serve as a model that will help increase popular awareness that micro-hydro is a benign, narural, and renewable energy resource and will encourage the development of micro-hydroelectric sites in other areas of Kan1ah. The site on Galamore Branch was located in an early study of micro-hydroelectric si1es in Katuah. The study found 1,950 suitable micro-hydro sites in the mountains that would be capable of producing a combined potential output of 34,000 kilowaus of energy if developed. Fifty-three of these sites are on the Cherokee Indian Reservation and represent a combined potential output of970 kilowaus. The Big Cove micro-hydro system divens a design flow of 1.2 cubic feet per second through a six inch diameter PVC penstock (pipe) for a distance of 2,500 feet 10 develop a net head (drop) of 210 feet The intake structure is located at a point where the streambed is less than six feet wide and consists of a poured concrete dam, which divens water into a concrete seuling basin. The energy generated by the falling water is convened by a Pelton turbine wheel into a design power output of 12 kilowaus. The small turbo-generator is located beside the Head Start pre-school building, which is the primary load center that utilizes most of the electricity produced The maximun load for lhe pre-school is 7.4 kilowatts, which is currently being reduced somewhat through load management devices and more efficient lighting. Under federal law, small electricity producers have a right to be connected into the commercial power grid. However, the Galamore Branch project is too small for interconnection to be cost-effective. Operating on a "stand-alone" basis (not connected to the larger utility grid) requires a ballast to prevent the electrical generator from over-speeding when the load is low. Currently the ballast load is divened into two three-kilowatt resistance space heaters mounted on the basement wall of the Head Stan Center. However, plans call for an integra1ed system in which the micro-hydro plant will complement a passive solar greenhouse to be built on the side of the school building, which will include water containers for a solar algae pond aquaculture operation. The water absorbs solar heat directly and will not need backup heating in the winter. But electrical resistance coils buried in a bed of sand below the containers will act as electrical ballast for the micro-hydro system and will provide additional heat for the tanks. It is fitting that the Cherokee people are developing this energy alternative. By utilizing lhe natural products of the ever-circling environment, they are following the traditional values of their culture in a modem context. Micro-hydroelectric power is a liberating technology. lt is a technology scaled to living and working in place. It has minimal negative environmental impacts and could be a significant resource in developing the new, land-based economv of Katuah. Micro-hydroelectric power production is site specific: each unique stream site determines a different configuration for a micro-hydro system. But the principles are everywhere 1he same. The Galamore Branch project provides descriptive exhibits and workshops on micro-hydroelectric power generation. For information on visiting the project, contact: Save the Children Box33J Cherokee, NC Ka/Uah Province 287I 9 or call (704) 497-6092 Michail Red Fox Is a whitt person living on the Cherokl!e Indian Reserva1io11. fie was involved in the design a11d construction of tht micro-hydroelectric instal/Olion 011 Gal.amore Branch aN1 is now head opera/or of the project. KATIJAH- page21 SUMMER-1988 �spruce mountain song DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH ~ If I could take this broken world and give it back it's trees it's gentle healing summer rain f ~ it's clear, cool, autumn breeze then I could rake the magic of the wood the magic of the mind and spread it then to ail my kin to all of humankind ~ ~ .i And yet I know even as I speak that this cannot be done J. I feel the earth through every pore my healing bas begun we start out as a candle flame we will become the sun ~~i ~ ~ ~ ::°'b::::g: ~ethe ~ l ~. - earth Mara Bradburn, 16 ~ Robert Stough Deny.PA '..t :rl· ~~ ;~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ; ~.g ~.~ i· ~ ~ .... .It's funny how I picked today to read this issue of Katuab, because I took a long walk through the woods today with my neighbor (I live in the mountains of north Georgia). We walked an old road that runs by Sharp Mt. Creek I often stopped to wonder what life was like here in these woods hundreds of years ago and how peaceful it must have been to be one with nature, in this sacred land. I will be looking forward to bearing from you. Valerie Ansted Jasper, GA ~ ~ ~ kt. ~ !§ t~~~~~~~~~.\t:19~..~~~~ . Dear Kattlah, We're busy in this area trying to repel the Superconducting Supercollider the governor of this state thinks should be in Durham, Granville, and Person counties. We're talking forced relocation of (at least) 100 or so families, some who have lived here for 5-7 generations already. The SSC is an atom smasher (53-mile underground circle), that will produce particles of energy called muo.ns, that will penetrate soil, rock and groundwater tables. It will only be used for 25 years, at which time they have no idea bow they will deal with the leftovers (our children). Please help us pray for the Eanh and our children here in the flatlands. Tara Clayton Rougemont, NC KATUAH - page 22 summer morning dew, the nightclouds gone, dawnlight glowing on the old sugar maples, tree-snails stiJTing in its thick moss-fur, i take the deer-trails through soaking meadows, thoughts flowing with the yellow swallowtails over hucklebeny meadows bumming with bees, past moccasin orchids, young ferns in the sun, through flame azaleas and wind-twisted birch into deep spruce shadows, mossy and still, then down a ways along a faint grassy trail to a cool spring among ancient spruce/sages, and rested there awhile. a stone for a pillow, a feather in the hair of the wild old nx>untain, then wandered on, sailing with the ravens over jwnbled rockfields and tangles blowdowns, by flowering witch-hobble, snow-petaled comets, sparrows chatting in gnarled gray hawthorns, a lone swallow skimming the crest above the broken wing of the old wrecked plane, i a thoughtless seed drifting on the wind, each moment a cosmos sprouting, waves of gn:cn mountains rolling me home, soaring free, clear blue sky in all my mind Dear KatUa b, Thanks so much for the time and interest you are giving to help make our vision become a reality. Without such concern of kindred spirits we know that very little would ever be accomplished. As I mentioned to you, we need any useful donations of building materials, hand tools, garden tools, heavy farm equipment. livestock, and even workers to help clear and build shelters on over 18 acres, recently purchased to provide needy people with a "farming community home"! Thanks again, Cherie & Tom Lowry Rt.#5, Box 216 T Ellijay, GA 30540 (404) 838-4636 SUMMER- 1988 �APPALACHIAN SLEEP In sleep, each tree becomes the one cree, each flush of rhododendron, color for the cheek oflhedream I rub with dozing fingers, each mountain, something to climb without thinking, to soar above it effonlessly as a brash-feathered bird. I do not leave the glorious ou~lde as I slip beneath , the sheet but bring it w\tb me, to wearcomfonabJy, to wrap round the child's soft body. John Grey C RMDESIGNS Spring Equinox Dream 1988 There is a group of us out on a kind of platfonn and we are watching a performance: dancing and farting around. It feels more like a show than a performance. There are some of the kids among us participating in the performance that is going on to music. It is a kind of trapeze they are playing on that is pulling them over humps in the straps etc. They seem to be having fun playing on it, though the apparatus does not seem to be working very well. At some point we realize that !here is an authority that is about to impose a soning on us. We each have numbers and are seated on these smooth rounded pebble like soners that glide easily on the floor surface. As we are being sorted we go through openings in which we can not see the ends or where they come out. I realize that I do not have a number, and begin to also realize that I am being sorted toward the low end of the numbers. People with low numbers or no numbers are soned for extinction by the brutal authority. As I am finally sorted into this category 1 become restless and begin to search for ways to get over to the groups with higher numbers, such as 8 or 9 and find it very intimidating and difficult. There seem to be no physical police yet their presence is still felt. I have with me a metallic object that has on it a symbol like a planet or a rounded form and a there is a feather sticking out of it It becomes a spirit guide to me as 1 get a rush of energy from it and find my way to survival. This magic symbol in metallic form spoke to me with wisdom and 1 easily made it to the group that slipped past the authority. It showed me that I had my own energy with which to escape the trap that was made. Later we are walking through a passageway and I am so amaz.ed that we made it through alright. I remember the spirit guide and its assistance. Together some friends and I realize that this is all a movie of ourselves that we are watching, and we are walking out of a kind of theatre in the earth. Soon we are all together in the yard of our house around a fire. There is a friend who is burning huge sticks of incense and we are talking, and eating, and laughing. RM You know Sometimes in the quiet cool of summer dusk I sit oo the porch after a rain has washed the dark mountains and covered them with quiet mist a restless dream rising and rolling and the still hum of a million trees lulling to the milky sky like This moment as the river murmurs in its sleep a hot tongue of lightning licks a distant ridge the husky voice of far off thunder sends a shudder through the bedded earth she turns and breathes a long green sigh and in her subtle sleepy way Whispers the answer - Tony Fisher KA TUAH - page 23 SUMMER- 1988 �A Conversation with Ruth and Rio of Celo Community continued from p. 10 Ruth: It was one of the worst things! -the worst! How to deal with multiflora rose. K: lt seems that people here have very different lifestyles and interests that keep them busy and not as involved with each other as they might be. That may make support difficult. Yet diversity can also be a strength ... the dark. Someone put a flashlight in the middle of the circle and there were just shadows... and there was such a difference in the way people were sharing! That was when I talked about the next workday...and I was able to be real vibrant and alive 'cause everyone wasn't staring at me. It was like I was in the dark by myself talking to I don't know who. Ruth: Yeah- I really value the large age diversity here. You have the wisdom of people who've been here so long and have been through all the processes and then you have the young sprouts wilh new ideas and energy--it's such a nice mixture. K: Because some want to use herbicides and some don't? Ruth: Yes, and some don't even care if we get rid of it Rio: What's neat about the older members is how open they are to new ideas. And how they can even joke about themselves and the community and how crazy it is here. Rio: And some say, "We've been fighting it forever and it's getting away from us so let's have careful use of chemicals and just get rid of it "...and it's become such a touchy subject people don't even want to bring it up anymore. Ruth: I remember hearing an older member talk about the process in the meetings being just like in a family--how you're certainly going to have disagreements so you just go ahead and have them and move on. And you still love each other because you're a family. Ruth: So it took some new people to say, "Let's go folks ... those who wanna do it, come on out - we'll have a great time!" K: So what'd you do? Rio: And knowing that the difficulties not only pass but that they're useful. And that new energy is coming in and things are moving constantly. Rio: We cut and grubbed... and got rid of a Jot! .~ Ruth : Life would be like that E anywhere, only there are more rewards and Ruth: And the same day a big group also cleaned up the river. People were really enthusiastic and had a fun time together. I'd like to see that trend continue. ~ more possibilities here than I can imagine :i d Ruth: People not being open with how they feel. Rio: I tend to say very little in the meetings because I'm often intimidated. Ruth: But you're loosening up. Rio: I have to-I'm secretary of the Property Committee so I have to read my minutes and if people think I didn't do it right I have to go through that. K: It's great you're doing it. Rio: It is. I do see it as a good process for me. Ruth: One of the best meetings we've had recently was last month's. There was a thunderstorm and the lights went out and three-fourths of the meeting took place in KATUAH-page24 K : Making a commitment to land is .9 Rio: Some of the complaints now are about how group process in the meetings is so difficult. .. K: Because of communication problems? having anyplace else. seems to give a blessing to whatever happens there. It almost assures success because the land is so giving in return. 1i' such an important thing to do these days .. .it ! K: Sounds like you should hold all of them that way! You mentioned relationships before and how important they are in communities ... yet some people probably came here panly to avoid deali.ng with others as much ...aod suddenly find they're as close as ever! Rio: That reminds me - Billy Bernstein wrote a hilarious song after he'd been here awhile -·it goes something like "I thought I was dropping out but it looks like rm dropping in"! Ruth: Celo is also getting fairly large and that makes group process all the more difficult Rio: And there arc so many opinions and the aim is to reach consensus on everything. It also seems that with groups in general it's hard to make commitments and follow through on what you say you'll do. It really takes supporting each other. Ruth: That makes me think about owning land. We owned some land in Minnesota and I never even felt like I owned it even though it was in my name. Holding land as a community feels much closer to true ownership. I want to call it stewardship. It's about taking care of land the way it needs to be taken care of and not about saying, "I can do whatever I want with it!" That doesn't even make sense to me. I'm really grateful to Arthur Morgan and the others who started this place - and all the work that's gone into it over the years. And the longer fm here, the more I appreciate it. It's such a healing place... there's healing going on, and you can't even put your finger on it - it's just happening. SUMMER - 1988 �The "'i4Jhtan4s of Roan continued from p. 7 The SAHC is leading the way in securing this much-needed protection. Examination of a broad range of alternatives has led SAHC to conclude that protection can best be accomplished through a blend of federal, state and private ownership. SAHC encourages governmental protection where appropriate, receives gifts of land and buys land from willing sellers using donated funds. To date, SAHC has protected approximately 900 acres through private means and has partially funded a 693-acre acquisition by the state of Tennessee. Approximately 9,500 acres still remain to be protected. SAHC's protection strategy Involves four approaches: I. Receive gifts of land, including conservation easements and other partial interests. 2. Encourage additional acquisition by Federal and State agencies. 3. Purchase lands or interests in lands with donated funds; own and manage such lands. The bulk of the protection will be accomplished by this means. 4. Register lands under the respective Stare Namral Area Registry programs; since registry is nm binding upon the registrant, it may be considered only temporary protection. Cooperating with SAHC in saving the Highlands are state agencies in North Carolina and Tennessee as well as the US Forest Service. Endorsing the program are the National Audubon Society, the Garden Club of America, the Appalachian Trail Conference, and numerous state 8Jld local organizations. Without an active plan for preservation, it is likely that much of the area now unprotected would eventually be purchased by developers. In the early days of the preservation effort, a part of the area was purchased by developers. Fortunately these tracts were since acquired by the US Forest Service. To date there have been two kinds of development pressures: 1) second homes and 2) high density recreation. Development activity bas been particularly strong o.n the North Carolina side of the mountain. The largest stngle development is on Beech Mountain, about 10 miles to the aonheas1 of the Highlands of Roan. A particularly controversial development is that on top of Sugar Mountain where a concrete ten-story condominium is visible from many points. Public outcry against this intrusion was so great that the NC Legislature passed a "ridge law" restricting construction on mountain tops; however, there is no equivalent law for the slopes. Numerous smaller developments are in the vicinity. Throughout the Newland-Linville-Boone area, second homes are appearing on many ridges and in rural areas. The high density recreation developments have so far been primarily oriented toward skiing. One large tract within the preservation project boundaries was earlier surveyed as a possible ski resort and determined to be among the top ten sites in the southeast. (The same tract was considered as a site for a Tennessee Regional State Prison.) There are large ski developments on nearby Beech Mountain, Sugar Mountain, Big Bald, and at Seven Devils. If skiing business increases, development pressures will escalate. The adverse consequences of developments within a unique natural area are worth recounting: First, developments limit accessibility by the general public. The owners of second homes want privacy. Other facilities may be limited to club members or pacrons. Second, it is clear that the health of the animal populations within the Roan massif depends upon an adequate range over which they can roam and feed. The entire massif provides protection for certain species that individual tracts a lone cannot provide. Rare plant and animal species are more likely to survive in a large area of protected tracts. Third, the views from the higher summits depend absolutely on the absence of incompatible development on the massif itself, particularly within the project boundaries adopted by SAHC. High density recreation facilities, public or private, could be so heavily used that the present naturalness-would disappear. KATUAH- page 25 'lt is cCea.r that the health of the ani.mat poputati.ons wi.thi.n the .Roan massi.f depends u.pon an adequate ran9e over which they can rnam and feed. The enti.rn massi.f prnvi.des prntecti.on for certai.n. speci.es that i.ndi.vi.du.a[ tracts a!on.e cannot provi.de. SAHC realizes that the task of land protection cannot be accomplished simply by acquiring lands and conferring on them a certain conservation status. A continuing stewardship program must be exercised to prevent damage from ever-present threats to existing natural values. SAHC's plan is to keep the Highlands of Roan the way they are: to maintain the balds, to leave the forests undisturbed. to encourage retention of fanning and other rural activities on the lower slopes, and generally to let the lands be available to the visitor on foot. The overall goal of SAHC's stewardship program is to accommodate nondestructive scientific, educational, and recreational uses of the Highlands of Roan while protecting their biological and physical features. To assure survival of the rich fauna and flora of Roan Mountain, SAHC is keenly aware that management plans and preserve boundaries must consider both habitat diversity and t he total size of the a rea to be protected. Boundary and acquisition decisions based on the narrow distributions and requirements of individual plant species and a few special plant communities will not suffice. A broad view of the protection zone-·one which considers wildlife habitat, animal mobility, and critical population size--is more likely to ass ure preservation of both the flora and the vast wildlife legacy. Vital to the success of SAHC's plan to preserve the Highlands of Roan is a strong and successful fund-raising program. SAHC has launched a major effon to raise the approximately $10 million needed to complete the private share of the protection plan. Nearly $1,000,000 has been raised so far mainly from individuals. Individual memberships in SAHC are available from a $10 minimum Subscribing Membership to $1,000 or more as a Life Member. Currently SAHC bas approximately 1800 members in 40 states. SAHC also receives donations. The project is an excellent vehicle for individual tax-deductible giving. Appreciated land, securities and other property may be donated without payment of capital gains tax; donors may take a tax deduction on the market value of the gift as well. The donation goes into the land fund and is used for the acquisition of tracts within the project. SAHC also maintains a perpetual register of memorial gifts. Also a number of members have named SAHC as beneficiary in their wills; no estate taxes are payable on bequests to tax-exempt organizations. Another common form of giving is to take out a life insurance policy and make SAHC the beneficiary and owner of the policy. Such donations are tax-deductible as well as the premium payments. Becoming a member of the Southern Appalachian Highlands Conservancy and volunteering time and skills is an excellent way to participate in the protection of this excraoidinary treasure-the Highlands of Roan. ~ Southern Appalachian Highlands Conser vancy P.O. Box 3356, Kingsport, TN 37664 (615) 323-3677 This ar1icle was compiled by Marnie Muller of Katuah Journal Crom SAHC materials, panicularly the SAHC Case Statement. Special thanlcs to Stan Murcay of SAHC. SUMMER-1988 �LEARNING COMMUNITY -Arth ur Morgan Schoolcontinucd from p. 12 'The reason we have such a variety of experiences and such an openness about giving the students choices is because we know that there arc things that each student can do well. We make an effon to help find out what they are, and we let them know in a sincere way that they arc good enough," said Patty. ttEvery situation is approached slightly differently. We try to give everybody involved a chance to talk about their perspective. We try to clarify all the specifics of any problem. We might use the chalkboard for writing 'this is his problem with the issue, and this is what he would like to see happen' and 'this is her problem and what she would like to see happen' to get everything clearly out 'This can be done in a small group, or in the all-school meetings which happen weekly. It is a consensus process and deals with the issue in a way that can satisfy everybody. Discipline often comes in the form of a proposal that is carried on during a trial period, such as from one all-school meeting to the next. and then re-evaluated." In this way students have the opponunity to participate significantly in making decisions that affect them. Cooperation is another quality needed in a healthy community. This means sharing the work as well as the play. Students arc involved in all phases of community responsibility - cooking, cleaning, wood gathering and spli11ing, and gardening. Wor k teaches responsibility and interdependence as well as practical skills. Patty said. "If a student doesn't want to do their chore at lunch, and their job is to wash dishes, then that throws everything off. It means that whoever is drying and potting dishes away can't do it, or has to wait In practical ways like that we try to poi.n t out that each student's personal actions affect everyone dse. "This isn't the right school for everybody. We want to be clear about what the school is. We're flexible in trying to meet each student's needs to an extent, but if a student has a problem with stealing things, for example, we're not willing to lock everything up so that ccnain student can remain here. If a student can't cope with the 'freedom within a structure' that we offer here, we're not going to change our whole philosophy." Elizabeth Morgan in her notes referred to a quote from Mahatma Mohandas Gandhi that summed up that philosophy: "A school should be built by the children, should seek to be self-supporting, and should never be finished!" , DE.SIGNS by Rob Messick 1 1tus1ra1lon & Design in Pen & Ink and Colored Pencil P.O. Box 2801 • Boone. NC 28007 • (704)7~; 111.TMVIOLET l'UWICATIOtl AHO fllTBllMO IYITfMI GM PlflODUCTI • WATSI AHAL\'Ill .HWY. 107 RAN~ C. LANIER ~2 RT. II IOX 125 CUL.1..0WHEE, NC am T-SHIRTS, SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN 15 ORIGINAL HANO-PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS EACH COWRFUL DESIGN IS PRlN'IED ON QUALITi T' s AND SWEATS Chinese Acupuncture and Herbology Clinic M. C. Majebe Licensed Acupuncturist 78 East Chestnut St. Ashevllle, NC 28801 (704) 258-901 6 KATIJAH - page 26 S~R-1988 �. ........ NABC ill From Aug 21-26, 1988, Lhe Third North A meric an Biorcgio na l Con gress (NABC III) will draw Turtle Islanders from all over the continent to Vancouver, British Columbia, for a five-day celebration of their varied cultural forms and their commitment to the restoration of ecological harmony on this pan of the planet NABC Ill will adopt a cultural focus, encouraging panicipants to express their bioregional identities by telling their stories, presenting displays and mapping projects, exhibiting their arts and craflS, and sharing their cerebral and ceremonial activities. For more information, write NABC III, Box 99, Lillooet, BC, Canada VOK !VO. Individuals or groups wishing to contact other NABC participants from Katliab may phone (704) 683-1414. For a copy of NABC ll Proceedings, a 112-page report on the 1986 Congress, send $11. 50 (p & h included) to Ha.rt Publishing, Box 1010, Forestville, CA 95436. Cry, Sacred G round: Big Mountai n U.S.A. (© 1988) by Anita Parlow js a compelling oral testimony of Navaho sheepherders who describe the religious beliefs that underlie the impressive resistance to stop a disinheritance from their sacred ground. The Navahos who share l11eir stories do so to make certain that what is happening will not be forgotten - and that it be stopped. As one Medicine Man told the author, "our children will know that we knew how to live.as' Navahos and we knew, too, how to die as Navahos. Cry, Sacred G ro und, produced by the Sacred Lands Project of the Christie Institute, includes 50 photographs and artwork by award-winning artist William Franklin. , . The Sacred Lands Project of th.e Christie lnstiuae, 1324 North Capitol Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20002 Who Owns North Carolina is a 420-page guide to the largest landowners in the state's 100 counties, tile result of the most exhaustive land ownership investigation ever undertaken for a state or region in the U.S. Maps, charts, data analysis, and interpretative essays offer statistical details and comparative ranlcings of each county's largest landowners, data on forestry and farming in each county, rankings of the counties by 25 different social, economic, and political characteristics, and discussion by the project's investigators of the cultural significance of their findings. The book is available for $30 for Katuah readers (mention our name). Write: lnstitme for Sowhern Studies, P.O. Box 531, Durham, NC 27702 The International 4th World Assembly will hold its seventh assembly this summer, July 31-August 4, 1988 at Meredith College in Raleigh, NC. The 4th World is an informal group of people from all over the world who affirm the right of urban neighborhoods and rural villages to make their own decisions abopt their own Jives. The theme this year is "Community Economics As If the Earth Mattered". Registration is open to all. Full conference fee including meals, lod ging and proceedings is $150. For more info: School of Living, 7th assembly; 3030 Sleepy Hollow Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042. Economics as If the Earth Really Matte r e d is the first in a new series of books from New Society Publishers exploring the possibilities for creating an accountable economy. The book by Susan Meeker-Lowry offers hundreds of suggestions of how average people can invest their money and/or their time in building a new economy in harmony with life-affirming values. Subjects covered include boycotts, shareholder action, socially responsible investment funds, small-scale investing, projects i n local economic control and worker-ownership, new community economics, tools for reinvestment and.revitalization, alternative exchange systems, and seeds for the future. Dozens of names and addresses and resource lists round out this unique and exciting book. Meeker-Lowry, publisher of Cara/yst-a quarterly newsletter for those interested in small-scale socially responsible investing, offers us new glimpses of ways in which people are using their participation in the economic system as a vehicle for the expression of consciously chosen values: living in harmony with the earth, fighting poverty and injustice, combatting feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and building lives which combine diversity and synthesis, integration and balance. New Society Publishers, P.O. Box 582, Santa Cruz, CA 95061-0582 The Ca r olina Associa tion fo r t he Ad va ncement of Midwifery (CAAM) is a grassroolS organization whose goal is to remove the current legal restrictions that prevent direct-entry midwives from practicing in North Carolina. CAAM's goal is to promote competent and legal midwives to serve the women and families of North Carolina. CAAM wants members from all over North Carolina. Membership ($10/yr) entitles one to receive future issues of Midwifery News as well as contribute to the effort to make North Carolina a state where parents have real choices about giving birlll. CAAM, Rt.1, Box 201 M, Durham, NC 27705 A unique summer comp uduenture Natural Food Store & Deli 160 Broadway Asheville, NC 28801 {704)683-1414 68:M795 Where &oadWay rMets Merrlmon Ave & 1-240 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday-Saturday: 9am·8pm Sunday: 1pm-5pm ror young people 6 - 18 years old Woods, water, trail experiences, horses, crafts, Indian lore free brochure available Pepperland Farm Camp Star Rout e Fiimer, TN 37333 {704) 253-7656 KATUAH - page 27 SUMMER - 1988 �€V€0t'S 7-10 LINVILLE, NC The Highland Games at Grandfather Mountain. Caber toss, sheepdog trinls, Highland dancing, bagpipes. $8.00/day. For more info, call (704) 733-2013. 9 HELEN, GA ·Appalachian Mountain Music Festival" at Unicoi State Park; Helen, GA 30545. Call (404) 878-2201. GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS "Big Game Observation." S4S. Smoky Mountain Field School Sec 6/},5-26. 9-10 JUNE 19-2S BRASSTOWN, NC "June Music and Dance Week" at John C. Campbell Folk School; Brasstown, NC 28902. SUMMER 20 CELEBRATION SOLSTICE 22-26 HIGHLANDS, NC "The Art of Landscape Photography" workshop with Gil Leebrick and John Scarlata. $2SO incl. accommodations. Appalachian Environmental Ans Center; P.O. Box 580; Highlands, NC 28741 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS "Wild Mammals of the Great Smokies" field instruction with Dr. Michael Pelton. $45. Smoley Mountain Field School; 2016 Lake Ave.; Knoxville, TN 37996. 25-26 29 Full Moon 29 RABUN GAP, GA "Wild Fems" expedition with Marie Mellinger. $8 incl. lunch. The Hambidge Center; P.O. Box 339; Rabun Gap, GA 30568 or ca1J (404) 746-5718. 13 New Moon 13 RABUN GAP, GA "Materializing the Shadows." Investigating stream life with Dr. William Mcl.arney. The Hambidge Center, SQC 6(29. 17-23 m G HLANDS, NC "Transcendentalism on the Mountain" seminar at The Mountain; 841 Highway 106; Highlands, NC 28741 29-31 CELO, NC "Midw i fery in the Mountains" conference. Workshops on "Herbs in Pregnancy and Binh," "Medical Questions," "Body Work," "Tricks of the Trade," more. With Lucinda Flodin; Barbara King, MD; Lisa Goldstein; Pat Roy; others. $55 incl. meals. Lisa Goldstein; 823-C Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714. (704) 675-5316. 30.31 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS "Mushroom ldcntific.ation," for beginners. $45. Smoky Mountain Field School, sec 6/2S-26. 22-24 HOT SPRINGS, NC "Rhinoceros Glances at the Moon: The Art of Movement as Meditation.• Tai Chi weekend with Jay Dunbar. $75. Southern Dharma, see7/l-4. 22-24 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS Family Weekend at Great Smoley Mountains Institute at Tremont. Hiking, siorytelling, music, more. AdultS:· $4S. Children: $35. Write at Townsend, TN 37882 or call (615) 448-6709. RALEIGH, NC Fourth World Conference ("break down all the big powers into their ethnic or bioregional areas") - bioregional sp~ers, including Jim Berry, Peter Berg, Susan Meeker-Lowry, and Mamie Muller. At Meredith College. $150. For more info, write School of Living; 3030 Sleepy Hollow Rd.; Falls Church, VA 22042..or call (703) 237-7507. 24-29 JULY 1-31 ASHEVILLE, NC "Mountain Sweet Talk," a two-act play with The Folktellers, Barbara Freeman and Connie Regan-Blake, at the Folk An Center on the Blue Ridge Parkway. Advance LickctS: S8.00. Call (704) 258-11 13. GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Teacher and Naturalist Week" (and anyone interested in learning more about the natural world). Joseph Cornell (Sharing Nature with Children), guest instructor. "Learn about the natural history of the Smokies and ways of effectively motivating people toward a deeper appreciation of the natural world." $145. Great Smoky Mpuntains Institute at Tremont. See7/22-24 31-8/4 24-30 1-4 HOT SPRINGS, NC "Writing Down the Bones." Writing, meditation and yoga retreat with Natalie Goldberg and Frances Kean. SJ20. Southern Dhnrma Retreat Center; Rt 1, Box 34- H; Hot Springs, NC 28743. ROANOKE, VA "Celebrate Love• conrerence sponsored by Visions or Tomorrow at Hollins College. Cllls.<:es, events, conccrtS. Program: S165; w/ food, acc. $290. Contact: Jan Settle; Rt. I, Box 310-A; Goode, VA 24556 28 AUG.UST l LAMMAS FESTIVAL 1-28 ASHEVILLE, NC "Mountain Swee1 Talk," sec 7/1 -31. 1-31 C HEROKEE, NC "The Art of Cherokee Fingerwcaving" cxhibil at the Cherokee Heritage Museum and Gallery; Box 477; Cherokee. NC 28719. 5-7 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS Naiuro Siudy Workshop fOI' adults. $45. Grct1t Smoley Mountains Institute al Tremont, see 7/22-24 Full Moon 12 KATUAH- page 28 DAY ( Mid s ummer ) New Moon SUMMER- 1988 �27 ELKrNS, WV August.a Fcs1ival - 11adilional music and dance wilh all the 11immings. Write August.a Hcriiage Ccn1cr, Davis and Elkins College; Elkins. WV 26241. Full Moon 12-14 22-28 WILLIS, VA "Women's Wellness Week" with Libby Outlaw (massage therapist); Carolyn Moore, MD; Katherine Chantal (herbalist); Christine Byrd (nutirtional counselor); much more. Pre-register: $295 incl. food and acc. Indian Valley Holistic Center; Rt. 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380 26-28 LOUISA, VA · women: Cclcbra1ing Our Divcrsily - A Multiculiural Galhcring• wi1h workshops, performance, dance, culwml sharing. S35·75 sliding rec. Wrile Women; Twin Oaks Communi1y; Louisa VA 23093 (703) 894-5126. 10 New Moon 1-30 CHEROKEE, NC "Ayun'ini (Swimmer): Cherokee Shaman" exhibi1 al Cherokee Hcrit.age Museum and Gallery. SceS/1-31. 2-5 BRASSTOWN, NC "Labor Day Music and Dance Weekend" wilh Pelc Sulhcrland, Karen Billings, Marlha Owen, olhcrs. John C. Campbell Folk School, sec 6/19-25. 3-5 HIGHL ANDS, NC "Pinhole in lhe Landscape," pinhole camera workshop wilh Eric Renner. "/ use no viewfinder or exposure meter; I rely upon the passion and the timing within myself and the belief that it will worlc." Environmcnllll Aris Ccn1cr, sec 6{22-26. 17-18 HARRISONB UR G, VA "Restoring Wilderness in the East: A Deep Ecology Perspective" conference featuring Dave Foreman (Eanh First!), Gary Lawless (Gulf of Maine Bioregion), Jamie Sayen (PAW), Barbara Dugelby (Earth First!), David Wheeler (Kataah). Sponsored by Virginia Earth First! and Virginians for Wilderness; co-sponsored by Karuah. At James Madison University in Harrisonburg. Registration: $10 advance, $15 at door. For more info: write VA EF!; Route 1, Box 250; S1aunton, VA 2440 I or call (703) 885 6983. 17-18 HE LEN, CA "Native Americans of lhc Soulheast• a1 Unicoi St.ate Park, see 7/9. 4 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS "Wild Mammals or lhc Grcal Smokies," see 6125-26. /' TU~ f~LL GATME~NG RND THROE FRIR SEPTEMBER 30 • OCTOBER 2 , 1988 in Floyd County, VA Actiuitie s, Music, Dancing, Workshop s Bring: camping equipment, musical instruments, trade goods For more information, contact: Katherine Delauney Will Ashe Bason Travianna Farm Rt. 1, Box 217 Check, VA 24072 (703) 745-2708 (703) 651-3492 Need a ride? Share a ride? Call your local Katuah contact person or: Eastern slope (NC, GA, SC): David Wheeler (705) 586-3146 Tom Hendricks (704) 689-5382 Western slope (TN): Sariah Loveday (615) 688-7408 KATUAH - page 29 SUMMER- 1988 �STARSPAN ASTROLOGICAL PROFILES: Relationships, life chans, forccastS. ChartS and proCcssional taped readings also available. P.O. Boll 10413; Raleigh. NC 27605 WANTED: LAND in western NC. Flllllily seeks 5 or more acres, preferably near Cullowhee, to preserve and evenwally inhabit U you have or know or affordable land, contaeL Bob and Mary Davis; 213 Wesunorcland Ct; Georgetown, KY 40324 (502) 863-4267. MOON DANCE PARM HERBALS - herbal salves, tinctures, & oils for birthing & family health. For brochure, please write: Moon Dance Farm: Rt 1, Box 726; Hampton, TN 37658 FUTONS by Simple Pleasures - affordably priced. Send SASE for info 10: Simple Pleasures; RL. l, Box 1426: Clayton, GA 30525 (404) 782-3920 FREE CATALOG - Our books cover solar energy, natural foods, mCUlphysics, fiction, and poetry. The latest project is Black Mountain Rtvitw, with !hemes on lhe individual vs. society. Write: Lorien House; P.O. Box I 112; Black Mountain, NC 28711 EUSTACE CONWAY- Guide and 1eaeher of primitive Earth Skills with emphasis on fire building, hide tanning., shell.er, and foraging. He teaches at public schools, parks, environmenlal cen1ers, and classes of au kinds. For more information contact him at: 602 Deerwood Drive, Gastonia, NC 28084 or call Allein Stanley al (704) 872-7972 POLE STAR RETREAT CENTER available for rental. Days. weekends, or weeks. Conferences, workshops, CIC. in privalC, rural setting. 30 ft yurt, camping, swimming. Localed near Boone, NC. Contact: Rt 2, Box 59: Zionville. NC 28698 (904) 385-2071. GARDENERS are encouraged to visi1 our Paradise Garden for instruction and inspiralion (free) and/or perennial plan1 sale (cheap). ArtistS are inviied. IO come and crealC in lhe garden - painting, drawing, and photography are encouraged. We also have a cabin available in exchange for working in lhe garden. Mountain Gardens; 3020 While Ouk Crock; Burnsville, NC 28714 (704) 675-5664. M. TREE DESIGNS: Illustrations and Design Beyond the pages of lhis journal, I work in pencil, colored pencil, ink, cul paper, and batik. Fine and graphic an to express and enhance our lives. Logos, brochures, books, portrailure, window and wall hangings. Contae1 Martha Tree (704) 754-6097. DAYSTAR ASTROLOGICAL SERVICE - natal, transit, comparison chartS. Very accurate. Only S3.00 each. Chris and Will Bason: RI. 2, Box 217; Check, VA 24072 (703) 651-3492 ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY in the Smoky Mt'ns. of east TN. 10 acres with creek, springs, views. good neighbors. Be a part for $8500. Call Leslie (615) 453-1538. STIL-LIGHT TREOSOPHJCAL RETREAT CENTER - a quiet space for personal meditation, group inLCraction lhrough s1udy, and community work, and spiritual seminars. Contact Leon Frankel; Rt l, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786 WOMANSONG - ongoing choral group forming. Songs of bcau1y, meaning spiril, fun, peace. cooperation, sisterhood. Come and sing! Mon. evenings, 7:30-9, Asheville, NC. (704) 254-7068. CRAFTSPEOPLE - send price listings 10 Gifted /lands of NC, 331 Blake S1; Raleigh, NC 27601 (Au'n: Bern Grey Owl) - unique shop presenting 35-40 craflers' works in Raleigh's City Market All crafts considered. HAND-CARVED WOODSPIRITS. mys1i:al hiking staffs, and wall hangings by Steve Duncan. For brochure, please wri1e Whippoorwill S1udio; Rt 4, Box 981: Marion, NC 28752. ASTROLOGICAL CHARTS - natal. progressed, or solar re1um. 4-page prin1ou1 includes wheel wilh planetS and houses, aspecLS, midpoin1s, and keywords. Specify name, binh time, date, place, and chart type. StO 10 Phoenix Productions; Rt 2, Box 59; Zionville, NC 28698. RM DESIGNS - I use the media of pencils, colored pencils, gouache, pen and ink, and photography in creating unique fine and graphic art I can make diagrams, logos, finished prints, and designs for brochures, calenders, cards, books, CIC. Mandalas and symbols are my 1cndency among other styles. Contact Rob Messick (704) 754-6097, LAND TRUST in lhe forming on 57 acres near Boone, NC seeking families wilh slrOng visions and resources to manifest a peaceful place for our children to grow in love and to survive lhe coming of lhe new age. Paul and Susan Del Rios; RL 2, Box 314; Vilas, NC 28692 (704) 297-4937 LETTERS OF FRIENDSHIP AND SUPPORT would be appreciated by incarcerated brothc.r. Write 10: Rick Whitaker #85670; Box 2000; Wartburg, TN 37887 DRUMS - Custom handcrafted ceramic dumbccks & wooden medicine drums. Call Joe Roberts at (704) 258-1038 or write LO: 738 Town Mountain Rd.; Asheville, NC 28804. ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY now forming in the mountains of norlh GA. Join olhers seeking greater cooperation and self-sufficiency. Based on spiritual and ecological values. Properly is now available. (404) 778-8754. BLIGHT RESISTANT CHESTNUT - hybrid American/Chinese Dunstan chestnu1 trees - blight resistant, timber growlh form, productive orchard crop with large, swee1 easily-peeled nutS. Chestnu1 Alli Nursery; RI. J, Box 341-K; Alachua, FL 32615 (904) 462-2820 BLOW YOUR MIND wilh "Medicine Wind." Finc-1uned bamboo nu1es and soothing musical recordings masterfully 1rancemit1ed 1hrough "Medicine Wind"/Gcorge Tortorelli; 86 NW 55 SL; Gainesville, FL 32607 (904) 373-1837. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, herbs, and organically-grown, local produce at the WNC Farmcss' Markell Look for the Fairglcn Farms stall, unitS F and G in lhe wholesale area of lhe Farmers' Markel; 570 Brevard Rd.: Asheville, NC (704) 252-4414 "ESSENCE" - the all-one skin/dress/ jumper/pantaloons wilh nursing pockCIS. Earlhwcar; ROI, Box 75-CI; Carl1on, PA 16311 SMALL HOUSE on land trust in rural NC mountains in exchange for pan-time farm chores and occasional companionship to creative, joyful, mentally handicapped adul1 (or olher labor, such as carpentry). Quaker Camily. Meeting nearby. Write: Bob and Dot Barrus; Cll!llp Celo: 1349 Hannah Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714 ARCHITECTURAL ADVICE AND DESIGN: Adam Cohen; Rt. 2, Boll 217; Check, VA 24072 "TREASURES lN THE STREAM" - a casset1e tape of songs by Bob Avery-Grubel. SIO to Rt. I, Box 735; Floyd, VA 24091. WEBWORKJNG is free. Send submissions to: KatUah Journal P.O. Box 638 Leices1er, NC Kauiah Province 28748 ORM DESIGNS KATUAH - page 30 SUMMER - 1988 �Mtdlcln,.. The KatUah J ournal wants to communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send your contributions to us at: Kat:Uali Journal, P. 0. Box 638, Leicester, NC, Katuah Province 28748. .?tllfts In the fall, Katuah will look at Castanea dentata, the American chestnut tree, and its importance in restoring Appalachian habitat. Any information about this great tree's past and future will be welcome. "Hand Made," exploring the benefits of living simply and creatively, will be the focus for the winter issue of the Katuah Jo um al. ·BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE - SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agriculture - Sunfl~wers - Humm Impact on the Forest - Children.s' Eduution Veronica Nicbolu:Woman in Politics - Little People - Medicine Allies full C'olor ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 1984 Waler Drum - Waw Quality - Kudzu - Solu Eclipse - Clearcutting - Trout - Going to Waicr Ram Pwnps - Microhydro - Poems: Bennie Sinclair, Jim W ayne Miller T-sfilrts w In the traditional Cherokee Indian belief, the creatures in the world today are only diminuitive forms of the mythic beings who once inhabited the world, but who now reside In Galuna'ti, the spirit world, the highest heaven. But a few of the original powers broke through the spiritual barrier and exist yet in the world as we know it. These beings are called with reverence •grandfathers·. And of them, the strongest are Kanati, the lightning, the power of the sky; Utsa'nati, the rattlesnake, who personifies the power of the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdi. "the little man•, as ginseng is called in the sacred ceremonies, who draws up power from the underworld. Each is the strongest power in its own domain. Together they are allies: their energies complement each other to form an even greater power. As medicine allies, they represent the healing powers of the APPalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of KattJah have been depicted In a striking T-shirt design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 5-color silkscreen by Ridgerunner Naturals on top quality. all-cotton shirts, they are available now in all adult sizes from the KatUah Joumal. "To show respect for this supernatural trinity of the natural world is to in turn become an ally in the continuing process of maintaining harmony and balance here in the mountains of Katuah." To order, use the form below. ISSUE AVE - FALL 1984 H:irvcsl - Old Ways in Cherokee - Ginseng Nuclear W ute - Our CeIlic Heri111ge Biorcgionallsm: Put. Present. and Future John Wilnoty - Healing Dlllkncss - Politics of Participation ISSUE SIX - WINTER 1984-85 Winier Solstice Earth Cct'cmony - Horscpasturc River - Coming of the Light - Log Cabin Roota - Mountain Agricul1ure: The Righi Crop - William Taylor - The Fururc of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN - SPRINO 1985 Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs - Worker Ownership - The Great Economy - Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey - Responsible Investing - Working in the Web of Life ISSUE EIOHT - SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Katuah 18,000 Years Ago - Sacred Sites - Folk Ans in the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems: Hilda Downer - Cherokee Heritage Ccnicr - Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE - FALL 1985 The \Va.Idec Forest - The Trees Speak Migrating Forests - Horse Logging - Starting• Tree Crop - Urban Trees - Acom Bre.od - Myth rune ISSUE TEN- WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers - Circles of Stone - lnicmal Mythmalting - Holistic Healieg on Trial Poems: Steve Knauth - Mythic Ploces - Tbe Uktcna's Tale - CryJtal Magic - I'" ISSUE ELEVEN - SPRINO 1986 Community Planning - Cities and the Bioregional Vision - Recycling - Community Ocdcning- Floyd County, VA - GllSOhol Two BioregioMI Views - Nuclear Supplement Foxfire Oames - Good Medicine: V'tSion.s ISSUE THIRTEEN - Fall 1986 Cenicr For Awalccning - Elizabeth Calllri - A Gentle Death - Hospice - Ernest Morgan . Dealing Creatively with Death - Home Burial Boit - The Wake - The Raven Mocker Woodslore and Wildwoods Wisdom - Good Medicine: The Swea! Lodge ISSUE FOURTEEN - Winier 1986-87 Uoyd Carl Owlc - Boogen and Mummers - All Species Day - Cabin Fever University Homeless in Katuah - Homemade Hot Wau:r Stovema kcr's Narrative - Good Medicine: Interspecies Communication ISSUE FIFTEEN - Spring 1987 Coverleis - Woman Forester - Susie McMahan Midwife - Alterna tive Contraception Bioscxuallty - Bioregionalism and Women Good Medicine! Maniaclwial Culwie - ~ ISSUE SIXTEEN - Swnmcr 1987 Helen Waite - Poem: Visions in a Garden Vision Quest - First Flow - Initiatjon Leaming ie the Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge - "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN - Winier 1987-88 Vernacular Architecture - Drums in Wood and Stone - Mountain Home - Earth Enc.-gics Earth-Shch•m'<I Living - Membrane Houses . Brush Shelter - Poems: Oc1obq Dusk - Good Medicine: "Shelter" ISSUENINETEEN-Spring 1988 Per!eandra Garden - Spring Tonics -Blueben:ies WildDower Gardens - Granny Herbalist Flower Essences - "The Origin of the Animals: Story - Good Medicine: "Power" - Be A Tnoc "Dreamspcaking" ~~' ~UA~URNAL For more info: call (704) 683-1414 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28723 Back Issues Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18-19) Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Name Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address Enclosed is$ to give this ejfon an extra boost City State @ $25.00 = $_ _ T-Shirts: specify quantity color: tan S_ _ M _ _ L_ _ XL_ _ @ $9.50 each............$_ _ Zip I can be a local contact person for my area Area Code KATUAH - page 31 Phone Number TOTAL PRICE= $_ _ postage paid SUMMER-1988 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 20, Summer 1988 Description An account of the resource The twentieth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on preserving wilderness in Appalachia with a look at land trusts, the Preserving Appalachian Wilderness (PAW) proposal, and Cherokee perspective on relating to land. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Gil Leebrick, Marilyn Cade, Christina Morrison, Laurie Pierce, Judith Hallock, Carol Lawrence, Billy Campbell, Nancy Barnhardt, Chip Smith, Martha Tree, Michael Red Fox, John Grey, Rob Messick, and Tony Fisher. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. The Tracks of the Panther.......1<br /><br />Highlands of Roan.......6<br /><br />Celo Community: 50 Years on the Land.......8<br /><br />Celo: Interview.......10<br /><br />Land Trust: Tenure for Our Time.......11<br /><br />Learning Community.......12<br /><br />Mountain Landscapes at Risk.......13<br /><br />Rest in Perpetual Wilderness.......14<br /><br />"The Ridge"........15<br /><br />Farmers and the Farm Bill.......16<br /><br />Good Medicine: "Relating to the Land".......17<br /><br />"It Comes in a Mist".......18<br /><br />Duke's Power Play.......19<br /><br />Cherokee Microhydro Project.......21<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......22<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Sylva Herald Publishing Company, Sylva, North Carolina Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Human ecology Wilderness areas--Appalachian Region, Southern Celo Community--History Land use, Rural--Appalachian Region, Southern Land trusts North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Acid Deposition Agriculture Alternative Energy Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Community Economic Alternatives Education Electric Power Companies Geography Good Medicine Habitat Katúah Katúah Organization Poems Reading Resources South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Turtle Island Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d265838cdaadc8b321dba6f48590eaf8.pdf 1c5248620a6e795d64134a0d67addc57 PDF Text Text RESTORING THE CHESTNUT �"No other tree grows so rapidly or to such a great size 011 tile dry gravelly hills of the nonheastern states. Always beautiful with its massive trunk. its compact round-topped lzead, and slender dark green leaves, in early summer, long after the flowers of its companions have disappeared, the Chestnut covers itself with great masses of spikes of yellmi flowers. and is then the mos1 magnificent ohject in the sylvan landscape." 1 - Charles Sprague Sargent, Silva of North America ( 1896) ~LlAH JOURNAL Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #1 8 Leicester, NC 28748 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �"Where There Be Mountains, There Be Chesmuts"................. 1 A Natural History Returning the Chesmut.. ................6 to the Eastern Forest by Scott E. Schlarbaum "Poem of Preservation and Praise" .......................................7 by Stephen Lewandowski Continuing the Quest.....................8 to Restore the Cliestruu by uicille Griffin Forests and Wildlifc ...................... 10 Eighty Years in tile Mountains by Taylor Crockett Gift of the Chestnut.. .................... 12 Chestnuts in the Regional Dier by Kim Sandland From the Roots ............................ .1 4 Chestnut Restoration Work An Herb Note from Lucinda ......... 17 Good Medicine:............................ 18 "The Cli.anges to Corne" Natural World News ..................... 20 Drumming: Leners to Karuah.......24 Review: Where Legends livc .......27 Young People's Page.....................29 Evcnts ........................................... 32 Webworking.................................34 "Where There Be Mountains, There Be Chestnuts" by David Wheeler I. The Forest of Old B orn as we are into the world of the twentieth century. we do not truly know the Appalachian forest. What we know as "the forest" now is a diminutive second growth sprouting from the seed and stumps of the devastation of the original trees. What we are witnessing now is the foresi's incredible powers of growth and rejuvenation and its determined endurance in the face of conditions that are becoming increasingly hostile 10 life. The forest we see is not the forest as it once was nor the forest as it could be. We have never seen the full majesty and power of the climax forest. the great specimens of "virgin" timber: massive beings - calm, beautiful, and so very alive. We never have experienced the abundance those trees provided. It is hard in the present day for our imaginations to even conceive of the numbers of living cre:uures, great and small, that the~c m:c:s supported and sheltered. "Climax" means 1he fullest expression of growth for any given environment • h is a state of dynamic equilibrium in the variety of species and distribution of populations that can sustain and continue itself un til a major climatic shift sets new conditions for climax. The deciduous forest in eastern Turtle Island (Nonh American continent) remained stable for thousands of years after the retreat of the last glacier. But within a mere 400 years after it was discovered by European culture, the forest was completely changed. ln the lowland areas, the climax forest fell back before the rush of European settlers as they immigrated in unprecedenied numbers in the 200 years following the discovery of the New World. In the last years of the nineteenth century and into the beginning of the twentieth centu~y. the remaining forest areas high an the Appalachian mounrnins were subjected 1~ timber ex.traction marked by a degree ol destructiveness unparallelled in history. . The deadliest blow, however, fell m the first half of the twentieth century when an introduced fungus disease from the Orient completely decimated the American chestnut rree (Ca.uanea dentaia (Marsh.) Borkh.), the largest and most prolific tree ~n the fore ..1. The sudden and ca1astroph1c disappearance of the chestnut sent sh~k waves through the whole forest communuy. The eastern climax forest was permanently altered, and every plant and animal species felt the impact of the chestnut's demise. (continued on p3gc 3) �," ~LJAHjOURNAL EDITORIAL STAFF THlS ISSUE: Scou Bird Jack Chaney Rob Messick Michael Red rox ChipSmilh David Wheeler Mamie Muller EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Sariuh LowuJay Martha Tree Sam Gray \Viii Ashe Bason Christina Mo"ison John Moffis Kim Sandland Judith llallock Tom lltndrick.s Michael Jlockaday John Lang Jeff SmJ1h John Creech Brad Stanback Brad Co111d Thanks 10 the following ror their help in preparing this issue or the Katuah Journal· Dr. Scou Schlarbaum, George Friacll. R.D. Wallilce. Dr. John Rush Elkins, Edwin M:inchester, Philip Rutter. COVER by Rob Messick PUBLISHED BY: Ka!Uah Journal PRINIED BY: The Waynesville Mountaineer Press WRITE TO US: K01U/Jh Journal TELEPllONE: (704) 683-1414 P. 0. Box 638 Leicester, NC KalUah Province 28748 Diversity 1s an impon.3nt element of b1oreg1onal ecology, both na1ural and social. In line with !hi..~ principle. the KatU/Jh Journal tries to serve as a forum for the di~ussion of regional i~'UCS. Signed 1111iclcs express only the opinion of the authors and are nol ncccssanly the opinions or Ole K<Ullah Journal editors or sUIJT. The lntemal Revenue Service has decbrcd Kati<ah u non-profit org;inization under section 501(cX3) of lhc Internal Revenue Code. All conlributions IO K01Uah are deductible from pcssooal income ux. TiiE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIOREOION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS STATEM£Nf OF PURPOSE Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range 011 our continent, Turtle Island; a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name" Katf.lah" as the old/new name/or this area of the mountains and for ics journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roa11oke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east: Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the soU/h,· and the Tennessee River Valle) to the west. The edi1orial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this region, and to foster tile aware11ess that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Livi11g in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a laslillg place for ourselves in its continuing evolwionmy process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a "do or die "situation in terms of a quality sta11dard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Katiwh. we advocate a centered approach to the concept ofdece11tralizatio11. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting 1he challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism. pertinent information. articles, artwork. etc. with hopes that Katuah will grow to sen·e the best interests of this region and all its living. breathing members. - The Editors KATUAH - page 2 AUTUMN- 1988 �• "Chestnutt, of this sorte there is very greate plenty; the tymber whereof is excellent for building, and is a very good commodity, especially ill respect of the fruit, both for man and beast.'' ·Monon, New £11glish Canaan (quoted by Charles Sprague Sargent in Silva o/Norr/i America, 1896) (conltn~ fn>m page I) fl.The Life of the Chestnut The American chestnut tree was a life-form unequalled in the eastern forests of the Tunle Tsltmd continent. The chestnur was a member of the family Fagaceae, and the leaves resembled the leaves of the beech in appearance, although they were larger and longer. being six to eight inches in length, "oblong-lanceolate" (like a long ellipse, sharply pointed at both ends), heavily toothed along the edges, with prominent veins on the underside. The dark, gray-brown bark was fissured and divided into ridges interwoven into a distinctive criss-cross pauern. The leaves were late to unfold and were followed in late June or early July by the long, pendant catkins of drooping white flowers that made a striking show on the Appalachian hillsides. Chestnut flowers gave off a sttong odor that was fragrant to some and disagreeable to others. Because they bloomed well after the last spring frost, they set a reliable crop of nuts for wildlife LO feed on each year. After the first frost in October, the prickly burs began to open and drop their sweet chestnuts into the leaves on the forest floor. The nuts were smaller than the imponed chestnuts we are familiar with today. being one-hair 10 one inch in width, two or three to each bur. Declared "one of the most useful and beautiful trees of the forests of eastern North America" by Harvard Arboretum botanist Charles Sprague Sargent, the American chestnut was surely the hallmark of the eastern woodlands. The tree was adaptable to a variely of habitat situations and grew faster than any other hardwood tree in the forest: two reasons for its widespread success. The chestnul had a spreading crown, and cast a deep shade around its base as wide as the upper branches could extend. In the open it could produce a crown up to 100 feet in width. It grew rapidly on soils that were poor and shallow as well as on deep, fenile soils, and only avoided limestone-based soils. fl was moderately tolerant of the shade of other trees, and so could grow up through their shade until it in tum overshadowed them and suppressed lheir growth. The chestnut tree is thought to have originated in China. The first seeds could have been carried into Nonh America in the food pouches of migrating humans. The oldest evidence of the chestnut tree on this continent was found in Yellowstone National Park and dates back 50 million years ago to the Eocene Era. Once established on Tunle Island. the chestnut tree migrated widely. Signs of its presence have been found in Alaska and Greenland. But climatic changes gradually pushed the species into the eastern half of AUTUMN· 198 the continent. There were 18 or 20 glaciations during the last two million years. Each time the ice sheets pushed au before them. After each glacier retreated, the chestnut followed. The chestnut was a slow mover, probably because it was a self-sterile tree, and at the time of its demise it was still a relative newcomer to the northern pans of its habitat. Evidence shows that Cas1a11ea arrived in the Connecticut River Valley a scant 2,000 years ago. Jn 1914 Professor Anhur Graves of Yale University gave the range of Casr.af!4a as extending "from southern Maine to the valley of the Winooski River in northern Vennom, to southern Ontario, and along 1he American chestnut tree in size, but because of its rapid growth habit and greater tolernnce to shade, the chestnut prevailed as a dominant tree throughout its range, while the poplars were limited in number, usually being restricted to choice cove habitats. Today the yellow poplar inhabits m1my of the sites formerly dominated by chestnut. In its time. however, the chestnut tree often comprised 25% of the forest, reaching densities of 70-85% on the mountain slopes of Katuah. So plentiful was the species that a member of DeSoto's expedition through the Appalachians in 1520, who styled himself "The Gentleman of Elvas," declared as simple fact, "Where there be mountains; there be chestnuts: they are somewhat smaller than the chestnuts of Spaine," thus providing the first recorded reference to the species by a white person in the New World. m. Chestnut Ecology Natural r011ge of till! Am<ricon chL.ttnut tru. shores of Lake Ontario to southeastern Michigan, southward in the ~tern pan of its range to Delaware, and in the west to southeastern Indiana and extreme southern Illinois, while it extends along the wuthem Appalachians to north central Georgia. central Alabama and Mississippi, and central Tennessee (sec map)." In the southern mountains the tree was common on slopes between 2,000 and 4,000 feet in elevation, but it was seen in the low bo11oms and up LO 6.000 feet on the highest peaks. lt was in the Southern Appalachians that the chestnut attained its greatest dominance and its grandest size. Gifford Pinchot in a 1897 report told of tre~s reaching 120 feet in height and 13 feet in diameter. Although the chestnut usually grew to only 50-70 feet in height in t~e nonhem part of its range, a standard tree in the Southern Appalachians would be 90 feet tall and 4-6 feet in diameter, often living beyond 500 years of age. Only the yellow poplar tree ( Liriodefldron mlipfera) rivaled the The American chestnut tree was not only a grand and unique species in the 11egral eastern climax forest, it was also an i1 species. Oak trees. red maple, and sometimes hemlock and gray birch. were other t:ree species that, along with the yellow poplar, could make a place for themselves alongside the chestnut. In the shadow of their high crowns grew hazel, holly, and dogwood trees; huckleberries and other Vaccirrnium species: and spicebush, flame azalea, dog hobble, mountain laurel, and rhododendron: the familiar understory plants of the mountain forest. These species interacted with the chestnut trees in a multitude of ways to provide the conditions for their mutual growth. Even the soil chemistry and water patterns of the forest were 1nnuenced through their many generations of continuous habitation. This association provided optimal conditions for a wide variety of wildlife. Many animals ate the chestnuts: they were a nutritious. abundant, and dependable food source. Game nourished at a rate inconceivable today. Families of deer and flocks of turkeys moved among the thick trunks of the giant trees in the shady twilight. Foxes denned in fallen, hollowed trunks. Raccoons stored chestnuts in their holes high off the ground, while chipmunks carried nuts 10 their small holes among the boulders. Squirrels and jays quarrelled over possession of trees-full of the succulent feast. Immense flocks of passenger pigeons paused in their migrations to gorge on the small, sweet nuts. In winter. elk pawed the ground to tum up chestnuts hidden in the leaves beneath the snow. These animals in tum fed the great predators that stalked the woods and s:iiled the skies: the grny wolf, the mountam hon. the red-tailed ha wk. the peregrine fal<X>n. and the golden eagle. (continued on page S) KATUAH · page �Mrs. ~Jimh Shelto11 of Sevier Col/Jl/y. Tc1111cs.set with her um Olld thru daughters s1afllling in front of a giant chest11UJ tree MJJr Trtmofl/, presently in IM Great Smoky Mountains National Park.. /"his photo was taken 111 1920. KATUAH - page~. AUTUMN- 1988 �"They also grew behind my house, and 011e large tree, which almost overshadowed it, was. when in flower, a bouquet which scented the whole neighborhood, but tile squirrels and the jays got the most of its fruit; the last coming in flocks early in the morning and picking tile nuts out of the burs before they fell. I relinquished these trees to them and visited the more distant woods composed wholly of chestnut. These nuts, as far as they went, were a good substitute for bread." - Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854) (continued from p:1ge 3) And high in the trees the black bears would bend or break the branches in 1he foll of the year to pull the sweet nuts from their spiny husks to provide the all-imponant calories necesary for them to survive their winter sleep. Dead chestnu1 trees also provided large, hollow trunks that were the bears' preferred denning sites for a warm winter home and a secure place for the females to binh their cubs. Humans came to live in the forest. The Indians hunted Lhe animals that fed on the chestnuts and also foraged for the nuts themselves to store for the winter. As their agriculture developed, chestnut bread made of chestnuts ground into com flour and tied in com husks to boil became a staple dish. They also used an infusion of the chestnut leaves medicinally 10 cure the whooping cough. When the white settlers came, they valued the chestnut tree for the use they could make of it. Most of the newcomers were farmers, so they cleared the chestnut ttees from their farming fields and used the logs to build their cabins. They roofed their small dwellings with shakes split from bolts of chestnu1 wood. Chestnut rails and fence posts kept their animals in the pasture. And when the farmer died, he was buried in a chestnut box. Because of its high tannin content, chestnut was highly resistant to moisture and rot when in contact with the soil, and was known as the best coffin wood. 1n 1914 Professor Graves spoke of chestnut wood somewhat scornfully, saying, "...as far as the finer, technical uses are concerned, such as interior finish of houses, furniture, etc., it is decidedly second-class material because of its warping and checking tendencies; yet it is often used for these purposes, where 1he element of cheapness is the chief consideration. By the uninitia1ed, chestnut used in interior house finish may easily be mis1aken for the more expensive ash." But the wood was highly valued for its durability and was used for bridge and mining timbers, ships' masts. railroad ties, telegraph and, later, telephone poles. By the cum of the century, one-quarter to one-third of the saw timber crop in the Southern Appalachians was chestnut wood. It seemed that chestnut lumber was an inexhaustible resource. After 1900, tanneries bought 1he wood for $2.00 per cord to extrac1 the tannic acid from the bark and wood for leather processing. Chestnut was also a major source of pulpwood for the paperrnaking industry. With the chestnut so prevalent, it did not seem was1eful 10 sacrifice millions of board feet of 1he wood to the industrial mills. Mountain families also counted on the fall chestnu1 drop. It was an imponant pan of 1heir livelihood. Hogs were allowed to AUTUMN-19 free-range in the forest, and the family fed on fall chestnuts in the fonn of pork roasts and hog jowls during the wintenime. In an interview with journalist Vic Weals of the Knoxville Journal, John McCaulley, a former inhabilant of Cades Cove (now pan of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park), spoke about this way of stock-raising: "In the fall we'd separate into families and go into the mountains to 1end to our hogs - move them along from place to place where the chestnuts were plentiful. "Our hogs ran wild in 1he woods. We'd put a bell on the old sow and tum her out, with the liller, and go see about her, along. "And then in the fall of the ye.ar we'd drive !hem home just as fat as if they'd been in the cornfield. "The acorns hi1 in the fall, and the chestnuts hit, and, law, it wasn't no trouble to drive in a big herd of fa1 hogs." Foraging for chestnuts was also an important activity for many mountain families. John Mccaulley said, "I saw one time in the cabin at the bald mountain, 100 bushel of chestnuts, piled up there, and abou1 four men packing them off, every day. There was quite a lot of people there gathering chestnuts then. "There was worlds of chestnuts. I'm a-telling you, the whole eanh'd just be black with them .... "The last time 1 was ever on the mountain a-chestnut hunting, me and one of the girls rode up there one day. We got up there about one o'clock and we picked up seven bushel. ''We propped them up against a ltCC there and went back nex1 day with the mules and carried them home. We took them 10 Knoxville and got four dollars a bushel for them." FaJI was the time for game hunting, too. Every hunter knew that bear meat never did 1as1e right until the bear had filled up on chestnuts in the fall. Mountain families used the chestnuts in many different ways. For everyone and everything living in the Appalachian forest, the chestnut tree was an important fact of life. It was often taken for granted simply because it was so common, until, one day in the early I 890's, a boat returning from a successful trading nip 10 1he Orient docked in New York harbor. IV. The Destroyer Unbeknownst to anyone, a silent, invisible stowaway rode aboard that ship. Nursery stock of Oriental chestnut trees that were being imponed into the country carried in their tissues a fungus disease later 10 be known as Endorllia parasirica, the chestnut blight. Oriental trees had lived with the blight for thousands of years and had developed an inbred resistance to the fungus, but lhe native American trees were highly vulnerable to the invading organism. Observers on Long Island firs1 saw the effects of the blight in 1893, but it was not iden1ified until Hennan W. Merckcl, forester at the New York ZoologicaJ Gardens, recognized in 1904 that it was a fungus disease which was killing the tops of chestnut 1rees under his care. Merckel took bark samples to Dr. A.W. Murrill of the New York Botanical Garden, who named the new disease and published his findings. But Endotllia already had a headstan on the scientists. The blight spread by 1wo kinds of spores. 1n Lhe summer infected cankers on the trees oozed a sticky mass of spore material tha1 stuck to the feet of birds and insects and was thus carried long distances to other trees. In the winu:r clouds of microscopic spores, like puffs of dus4 were carried by lhe winds. On landing in a crack in the bark of a chestnut tree, the spores grew into the wood, causing large cankers (or swellings) on the irunk. The cankers were visible as orange-tinted (continued on p:ige 28) Summary of measurements of a group of nine chestnuts in a sheltered hollow on Noland Creek, Swain County, North Carolina (Soll. 9ooa: upecl., 1:outhe>rly1 • levadon, 2,500 ''"'I.I Age ...•.•.........••................•.......••..•.... years .. 202 Diameter of stump, inside bark ...............•..••... inches .. 41 Average increase in diameter of stump for each decade ••... do .. 2 Increase in diameter for last ten years ................. do .. 1.1 Height ..•.•...•...•...•.............•.•........•...... feet .. 108 Length of merchantable timber ...••.•........•...........• do •. 62 Diameter, at top of merchantable timber, inside bark .........•...........•. inches •. 21 Merchantable timber ..• - •.•..•............•....• feet B.M .•. 2,200 SOlVtt A'j(!rs.11.B. and WW. hM; The Soulhcm Appalachian Forest; US GttJlogical Sun;ey. Pro{u1Wmal Paper No. J7 ,p 49 (1905) KATIJAH- page 5 �RETURNING THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT TO THE FORESTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA by Scott E. Schlarbaum In the years following the infes1ation of the blight fungus that destroyed the American chesmut tree (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) throughout i1s range. developing blight resistance in the na1ive ches1nut became a goal for various scientific research programs in this counrry. Literally thousands of cross-pollina1ions were made in an effon to incorpor:ue blight resistance into the genetic background of 1he American chestnut. Native chestnut trees tha1 were believed to be blight-resistant were crossed with each 01her Other chestnut trees were crossed with Castanea species from Europe, Japan, and China, as well as with the closely related chinkapin species. Resistance to 1he blight was greatest in hybrids involving Asiatic chestnuts. However, 1hc poor form of 1hc Asia1ic species was also inherited. Differences in bligh1 resisiance were detected in the American x American crosse~. but 1he levels were so low that mos1 scientists gave up the project as unfeasible. Because of the largely negative results produced by these two lines of research, most of the breeding programs to restore the American chesmut to the eas1em forest had been discontinued by the mid- I970's. llowever, research on the Castanea species and on the chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica) did not stop. A small number of plant pathologists and breeders fom1ed a regional research project, "NE-140 Biological Improvement of Chestnut," to continue studying the species and the disease. This project still exists and has grown to include representatives from seven state agricultural experiment stations and various federal agencie~. Private organizations. such as the American Chcstnu1 Foundation and the Roche Institute for Molecular Biology. also arc involved in various aspects of chestnu1 research and anend annual NE 140 1cchnical meetings. Research projects range from tr.insi1ional breeding and plant pathology investigations to molecular generics studies of the tree and the pathogen. A renaissance in chestnut experimeniation came as a result of developments in two different areas of research. One was the discovery of trees that had been infected with less virulent strains of 1hc chestnut blight fungus (hypovirulcnt strains): the other was the discovery of an unexplored breeding approach tha1 may provide the solution for returning the American cheMnut 1rcc to its place in the eas1em forest The discovery of hypovirulent strains of the chestnut bligh1 fungus has excited both 1hc scientific communi1y and the general public (sec page this issue), A tree infected with a hypovirulcn1 strain of the Endotllia fungus can heal and eventually recover completely. Moreover, if spores of the hypovirulent fungus land on or near the infection site, 1hey can transform the virulent strain to a hypovirulcnt condi1ion, Figure t. BRF.EDISG SCllF..\fE TO PROVL'Cf: BLIGJl1" RESISTAXT .~ .\fERICA.\' CHESfNLfTS Chinese ---- I11 YBRlDIZt\'flO:'ll t IF cF.:-;ERAno:-;I I ---- Badcross (BC) Bh11ht Resistant American Bhght Suscephblc to Amcm:nn Chestnut t !Uc:, GENERATION! I Snc1!n for Perltal Rcs1slancc Badcross Parhall\' Rrsastant Trees IBt + Gl::;>.;ERATIO:\I I Scrncn und Baclccros~ t lBC CF.NERATIQNI I Snecn 11ncl Cross within BC, Crnarahon Ir Resistant + GE.'\ERATID~I ''' Pnrli«lh Resistan1 Susrcptible I Screen & Select Resistant Trees + Breeding Population of Resistant Tr~' Prepared by ProfCSD" Sclllarbaum a!icr Burnham Gl.OSSARY: Baduoss. C'o" betwun a hybridJ:td o/!Jf"llll o!ld MLm«r of its f'<J'tlll s~ctts Blight rtslstane1. l11lr.trittd abif1ry to l41tlutalld blight. Cambium .l'trtical ll1}tr 111 sttms ofplanu 011d trus 111 which trat1Sport of nu1ria1ts occws: includes tlr.t ph/O(m alld xy/tm ltJytr!, Canlctr. Wowul caused by dJSeaSt; infection .nit Fplcormlt sprouts. Smalt brancht'J that cofrU' off the sidts of tht' main sum. KATUA I · page<> Hybrid. Cross betwu11 rwo sptc1e.s, tht olfspr111g of 14·hidi dots not necusunlJ ahibit purt111 chvactL.nsacs. llJpo•irultnt uss vrTult11t, l4'tilkt11td str0111 of blight Phlotm. Stem laytr which carries org.1nic mattrial i11 plants. S1ratificatian.C0<1/ing of ued.s to trUmic na1ival 1Hntu111g prou.u. Xyltm. Sttm layer which carrits ..atu i11 plants. AlHUMN- 1988 �• .• thereby allowing the tree to recover. Early observation of the hypovirulent strains gave rise to optimism that a biological control for chestnut blight had been discovered. Unfortunately, this optimism was premature, as infection by hypovirulent strains does not immunize a cree, as vaccinarions do for humans. For a tree to recover from the blight, spores of the hypovirulent strain of Endotlzia must come into contact with each virulent canker. There is also a question of compatibility, as there are many varieties of the blight, and a hypovirulent strain may not necessarily combine with a panicular virulent fonn of the fungus. Despite the fact that hypovirulence is not the whole answer to the chestnut blight, extensive research is being conducted on these variant strains. This research is providing much-needed information on lhe biology of the chestnut blight fungus and contributes greatly to the overall scientific effon. ' I I ' ':' I \ : I 11 ,' The gTeatest promise for a return of the American chestnut, however, lies with a breeding scheme commonly used with agronomic crops. The technique was devised by Dr. Charles Burnham, professor emerims at the University of Minnesota and a member or the National Academy of Science. In a survey of the scientific literature undenaken some years ago, Dr. Burnham uncovered some clues that led him to believe that restoration of the American chestnut might still be possible. Results of the early experiments had caused scientists to believe that resistance to the blight was contr0lled by many genes and that it was genetically linked to the low, spreading growth form characteristic of the Oriental chestnut varieties. In reviewing the data, Dr. Burnham came to the conclusion that blight resistance was controlled by only one or two genes, and he found no evidence that blight resistance and tree form were linked together. These realizations led him to investigate one breeding approach that had not been fully explored: backcrossing of hybrids to pure American chestnut stock. Professor Burnham escima1cd chat af1er initial hybridiza1ion between American and Chinese chestnuts, t4fee generations of backcrossing of blight-resistant selections to American chestnut would yield trees that were predominately American chestnut, possessing the moderate blight resistance of the first generation Chinese x American hybrids (see diagTam). Intercrossing of third generation backcross trees would produce a percentage of trees with the form of the American chestnut and the blight resistance of lhe Chinese strain. Currently there are a number of regional breeding projecis following Professor Burnham's stra1egy. Even within the same species, trees exhibit different charac1eristics in response to different environmen1al conditions, and trees must be bred to meet the demands of the area they are to inhabit. Therefore, each region is developing its own chestnut population, specifically adapted for conditions in that region. In the Southern Appalachian Mountains, chestnut restoration work following Dr. Bumham's approach is being carried out through a cooperative project formed by the University of Tennessee with the National Park Service, the US Forest Service Southern Region, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee Division of Forestry, and the American Chestnut Foundation. The American chestnut t.ree sprouts vigorously from the roots and so, although the cops of the giant chestnut tree have been destroyed, recurring root sprouts preserve the species' genetic architecture. These sprouts can reach reproductive maturity in the fores! Scion wood cuttings from flowering sprouts bave been gathered by National Park Service staff in 1he Great Smoky Mountains National Park for grafting at the University of Tennessee. A substantial breeding population is being accumulated. If enough grafts flower next year. actual breeding will begin. Unfonunately, most chestnut research programs arc hampered by a lack of funding. It may be d1fficuh for a (continued on page 23) AUTUMN- 191SIS • • • . . . . . ... .. . . . . ~ . • . . .. • •. •. • • .• .· .. .. • Poem of Preser\'ation and Praise • • • • for the /-lemlock!Canadice Watershed • • • . • • • • • • by Stephen Lewandowski . • • • • • ... .••. .. ..•. . .. ... ·: • • •. HERE JS THE LAND WHERE TREES HAVE A VOTE. WATCH HOW THEY ARE CAST. WHITE PINE VOTES FOR CLEAN AJR. BLACK WIUOW VOTES FOR WATER. YOUNG POPLARS LOITERING JN A CROWD VOTE FOR A FLOWING SPRING. TRIBES OF CHESTNUT AND ELM ARE SADLY DIMINISHED: THEIR ONCE GREAT PLURAUTIES SILENT. SHAGBARK HICKORY VOTES IN A HAJL OF NUTS. SUGAR MAPLE AND BLACK CHERRY CAST A SWEET BALLOT. AT THE MARSH EDGE BEECH, BIRCH. MAPLE AND ASH GATHER TO DISCUSS ISSUES. SCOTCH PINE PLANTATIONS VOTE IN A BLOCK UKE A UNION. HERE AND THERE LONELY IDEALISTIC HEMLOCKS HANG AGAJNST A SHADY BANK STILL VOTING AGAINST GRA Vl7Y. AGAJN THIS SPRING WITH FLOWER. LEAF, ROOT, BRANCH AND BOLE. TREES VOTE UNANIMOUSLY TO BASK IN SUNSHINE, TO HOW SOIL AND DRINK WATER, AND TO RETURN US BREATH. . • ."' . :• · .• • · • • • • • • • • • • • .• . . . .. • • • . . · . • • • • :· • . . • • • . . • • • . • • • .. .. ... • ... ..... ... • .. •. •. .. . .. .. .. .. ... . .. • • .... • .. ... • ·: •. • • • ·: •. • ... • • •. •. •. •.. • • •. •. • • .. .. ·: ·: • • • • • • ·: • .• • . • • • • . ·•. . ·• . .. .. •. • •.. • • Sttphtn Uw<Jndowsk.i is a biortgionol ~I and native of tlu! Fingtr LaUs arta of Ntw York Sta~. lit i.f currtntly d1smct educator with tht Ontario Counry Soil and Water Conservation Dwrir.t. lli.f works inc/ULlt . Daohe'ko, The • .. .. Three Sisters an Seneca Life: lmphcauons for a Z-:auvc Agric:uhurc an the Finger Lakes and Ten Tilousand Y~ m Ten Mmu1c:1. a shon na1ur:il history of the Wc~tcm Finger • • ... .. • ·: •. Lair.cs. . . . . . . . ..... . . . KATUAH - page 7 -- • ... .. . • �This idea is not new. It has been tried previously, but worldwide scientific investigations of the past 30 years have supplied Griffin and Elkins with crucial information their predecessors lacked. The earliest crosses to encourage blight resistance in ches1nuts were made by R. B. Clapper and A. H. Graves in Connecticut. Their approach was to develop a hybrid between the American and the Oriental chesmut strains that would display the physical characteristics and vigor of the American, while retaining 1he bligh1 resistance of the Oricn1al. Hybrids from their first generation of crosses were more blight resistant than 1he American chesmut and still had reasonably straight forest form. To further increase resis1ance. these first genera1ion trees were backcrossed to Japanese and Chine~e chestnuts. Most of these seedlings grew to favor the short, spreading "apple tree" of the Oriental parents. From this group the best trees were selected on the basis of their resemblance to the American chestnut. These hybrids were planted in a sepnr.lte orchard to produce nuts by open pollination. Seedlings from these experimenis and other hybrids from later, more complicated. crosses were planted in eastern forestlands. The largest of these hybrid plantings was established in the Lc:sesene State Forest in Virginia by Richard A. Jaynes of the Connecticut Agricultunil Experiment Station in cooperation with the Virginia Division of Forestry. Eyvind Thor at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville was the first to graft shoots derived from mature trees surviving in the wild. Many of the resulting t.rees were likely to have carried some degree of blight resistance, but Thor was hindered by the lack of a definitive test for resisrance co the blighc. The university deemed his work unproductive and destroyed the nursery after his retiremenL The fate of Thor's trees convinced Griffin and Elkins 10 begin the American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation. They joined with Al Dietz., who had for 30 years been working to induce mutations for blight resistance by exposing American chestnuts 10 ionizing radiation. With the help of Bruce Given, they were able to propagate their large surviving trees by grafting. The ftrst crosses were made between the most resistant trees from lhis graf1ed stock. The trees from these crosses are growing and Spain, and Yugoslavia, and for centuries were of great economic imponancc. Thus it was wi1h dismay that growers in Europe learned of an outbreak of the chesrnut blight fungus (£11dothia parasitica) in Italy in 1938. By 1950 the blight had spread widely in ltaly and was reported in France and other countries as well. While the European chestnut was somewhat more resistant to blight than itS American cousin, it could not defend itself against the lethal disease, and the European chestnut industry appeared doomed. However. in 1953 an Italian plant pathologist named Antonio Biraghi reported seeing groves of chesmut trees which appeared to be healing from the blight. He found that cankers were successfully fonning scab tissue, and that new cankers were restricted to the bark layer of the trees. Jean Grente, a French mycologisl, visited the Italian trees in 1964 and gathered sample materials for research. He found that there were two different stmins of the blight fungus: one was a less virulent, "hypovirulent," form of the original Endorlzia strain. Grente's most astonishing find, however, was lhat the hypovirulencc factor was transmissible: hypovirulent mains could infect the virulent E11dothia and confer the hypovirulent charJcteristics upon the killing fungus. When he inoculated blight-ridden trees wilh the hypovirulent fungus, he observed tha1 the infected cankers began to heal over, and that the trees eventually recovered. Gren1e began inoculatin~ infected trees on French chestnut plantations. After several years of continued inoculation wherever blight cankers appeared, he found that the hypovirulent blight had begun to spread naturally throughout the groves where it had been applied. The European chestnut industry was thus saved from extinction. Reports of a possible biological control of the chestnut blight in Europe caused great excitement in Nonh America. Research was begun and still continues at Michigan State University. West Virilinia University, the Connecticut Agricullural Experiment Station, and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. The excitement increased when in ronn Woodcut by Rollo CONTINUING THE QUEST by Lucille Griffin "It is Ml beyond the grasp of science to restore the American chestnra to economic importance. It corild be accomplished within the next 50 years." • Prof. Cary Griffin A new breeding program is a11empting to develop a bligh1-resistan1 American chesmut by combining 1he genes from several large survivors of the devastation of the chesmut bligh1 fungus which swept through the eastern United Suues during the firs1 hnlf of 1his century and killed 99.9% of the species. Surviving American chestnut trees have been found in Ohio, West Virginia. and Virginia in spite of 50 years' assault by the blight. Gary Griffin a1 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and John Elkins of Concord College, West Virginia. have saved genetic material from HYPOVIRULENCE European chesmut 1rees (Castanea sativa Mill.) were found growing near the Black Sea and were introduced into Europe by the Romans. They were planted widely in Europe, paniculnrly in Italy, France, • KA TV.~~-l - page 8 these large survivors as scion wood to be grafted onto other rootstocks. When they flower, the grafted trees are tested for possible resistance to the chestnut blight. They are then handpollinated to combine and possibly increase in their offspring any blight resistance that their parent trees may possess. By developing blight resistance in this way through several generations of genetic crosses, the scientists hope to develop a fully blight resistant American chestnut tree. ~U"ft.JMN • !988 �awaiting tests for blight resistance. Besides lacking a reliable screen for blight resistance, Clapper, Thor, and the other early researchers knew nothing of a weakened strain of the blight fungus (called hypoviruient), which was not identified in this country until 1977. They also did not know co assess the role of the environment, which sometimes enhanced tree survival. Thus, the effects of nature intervening on behalf of certain American chestnut trees were often wrongly identified as indications of natural, and therefore heritable, blight resistance. Accordingly, selections made in earlier breeding trials were often mistaken, and doomed the success of those early programs. The development of an observational index 10 blight resistance by Griffin was a significant contriburion to chestnut research. The test is simple. One year after inoculating a tree with virulent Endothia parasi1ica, the vertical length of the cankers is measured and factored by the percent of cankers reaching the tree's vascular cambium layer underneath the bark. This gives a shorthand "canker severity index" thac has proven to be a valuable shortcut 10 determining the mosi likely breeding stock. This test has helped to determine why a few large American chestnuts still survive in the Southern Appalachians: some arc living mainly because of the effects of the hypovirulent fungus; a few because of some degree of herirnble blight resistance; and many because of a combination of these factors. in addition to environmental advantages. At Concord, Elkins developed a chemical test for blight resistance in Chinese chestnuts through analysis of the tannins. He is now working on a similar screen for the American chestnut. based on enzymatic analysis. Such a test would greatly improve breeding efficiency by further shortening the interval between planting and selecting from each generation. Offspring trees from lhe American Chestnut Cooperators' Foundation breeding program are growing in the Manin American Chestnut Planting on Salt Pond Mountain, Virginia, and at Beckley, West Virginia. Planted in 1982, they represent the first generation produced by combining the genes of resistant American parents. Some may already have resistance levels adequate for planting in orch:ird or y:ird. By testing and selecting among them through several more generations of controlled crosses, as much blight resistance as possible will be loaded into the American chestnut. If all goes as predicted, 1rees resulting from this carefully directed breeding program will be fit to compete once again for a niche in our eas1em hardwood foresLS. calculate it with certainty, scientists decline to set a definite deadline, but they do offer a few hints. From germination, it takes the American chestnut an avCr:lge of ten years to bear nuts, though grafting may reduce that time period by three to live years. Chestnut 1rees usually reach large sawlog size in 50 to 55 years. but very favorable growmg conditions can shorten this estilllllte by as much as JO yeats. Gary and John, both about 50, expect to see blight-resistant American chestnut trees growing in Appalachia. They believe our grandchildren will see JOO-foot chestnut trees once again dominating the eastern forest. 1976 Mrs. Priscilla Johnson of Rockford. Michigan. found what she thought 10 be hypovirulent blight on trees in her town. Scientists in Connecticut confirmed that she had indeed found a naturally-occurring hypovirulent Endothia strain on the Nonh American continent. Jn the ~ame year hypovirulent strains were discovered on wild chestnut trees in Virginia. A research team at Michigan State University led by Dennis W. Fulbright also reported the encouraging news that hypovirulent strains of the blight were spreading among infected groves of old chestnut trees in Michigan. But the hopeful ~igns in :Vlichig:in occurred in an ecological vacuum: outside the irec's natural range. Experiments to test the hypovirulent £mlothia as a biological control for lhe blight within the chestnui's natural range proved discouraging. First. researchers found Lhat the varieties or the native strain of the parasite were many and diverse. Thcv found that in order for a hypovirulent" fungus to modify a leth.11 strain, the two must be compatible, or the hypovirulcnt fungus will have no effect. They were also disappointed to learn that applied hypovirulcnt E11do1Jria also offered no lasting cure. llypovirulence is caused by a virus-like factor in the cytoplasm of the weakened strain. a "disease of the disease," in a sense. Because lhe hypovirulent facto~ are transferred from one form of the blight 10 the other, the hypovirulent strain must come in contact with each infected canker. Trees do not acquire immunity from contact with the hypovirulent blight. New evidence also andic:ucs that the hypoviruleot blight is not always :;table and may rcven back to the v1rulen1 fom1. II appears th:u biological control of the chcsmut blight in Appalachia, "'here Endothia has been running rampant for 50 years. 1s much more complicated a proposition than it was in Europe. Scientist!> pursuing this line of research are now grappling with the questions of how much of a reservoir of hypovirulcm £11dmh1a and how many different forms of the ~train would be necessary to actually hope for any control in lhe field. Environmental factors must also be considered. Young chestnut sprouts or seedlings in a forest seuing must compeLe with other tree spt'Cics as well as fend off the blighL Just like the sprouting chestnut t.ree itself, however, hope for finding an effective strain of hypovirulcnt E11dothia is <>till alive. Besides being seen on \\ild chestnut sprouts in Appalachia. naturally-occurring hypovirulence has also been found on a plantation of trees planted for rcse:m:h purposes in Maryland. The trees with the weakened blight arc apparently recovering. More reason for hope comes from 11 planting of chestnut trees in Connecticut. Treated with a mixture of hypovirulent fungus strains ten years ago, the experiment w.is later declared n failure, and the trees were left for dead Recently. however, the disease has appeared to have gone "into rcmii.~ion." Old cankers arc healing over. and new ones arc le;;s severe. Dr. Jack Elliston and hls team arc working to find out .... hy. Biological control of the chestnut blight in Appalachia is ndmittcdly :i long shot, but some fair day it might be a p:in ot the program that restores the American chestnut tree to the eastern foresL ~ AUTIJMN · 1988 Living Chestnut Tree in Flc>yd Co.. VA How long will it take? Will we get to see lhe really big trees? Because they cannOI KATUAH • page 9 �FORESTS AND WILDLIFE EIGHTY YEARS IN THE APPALACHIAN WOODLANDS by Taylor Crockett Taylor Crockett was brought up in Black Mountain, North Carolina, the son of a Presbyterian minister. His father was ofren gone, raising money for the church, and young Taylor fell in with an old-timer who trapped, and hunted herbs and semi- precious stones. Taylor <kdares that hunting was "in his nature." During the 1930's, after his family moved 10 Macon County, North Carolina, the young man would go ow hunting and fishing for several days at a rime in between logging jobs. Sometimes he would carry a blanker with him; other times he would simply crawl into a "dry holler" with his dogs and pile old leaves high over the whole group of them to keep warm for the nighJ. In those days, when he was ''young and i"esponsible," he traveled the whole te"itory from Wayah Bald to the head of the Na111ahola River. The general belief was that the bears had been exterminated in that area, but Taylor explored places where other people never went, and he occasionally saw bear sign. "For years," he says, "I had the only pack of bear dogs in Macon County." He has always favored the Pion lwwul. In 1971 afrie11d gave Taylor a .44 Magnum pistol, and he used it for tlie rest of his Juuuing career, because it was easier 10 carry through the laurel thickets than his old .44 Winchester CtJTbine. Taylor and his wife live in a log cabin half-buried in additioru in the Carroogechaye Commw1ity south of Franklin, North Carolina. He was 81 years old on August 4, 1988. Perhaps that is why he noticed when he went om bear hunting last year that lie "could11'1 keep up with the dogs the way I used lO." -The Editors This pholograpli ap~ar~d in The American Lumberm111 shortly afltr IM turn ofIM u111ury. When the white settlers first came into this country, the mountains were covered by great, open forests. 1 moved 10 Macon County in 1928 and, when I arrived here, there was still a lot of virgin forest left. Half of the Nantahala River watershed was still virgin forest at that time. The carrying capacity of the forest was much greater at that lime than it is now. Under the conditions of the climax forest then: was a lot more sunlighr., and the woods were opened up so that certain grasses and weeds could grow under 1he 1rees. There was oak grass and wild legumes, like pcavine and beggar Lice, that kepi 1he animals fat. IJigh-bush blueberries and blackberries would grow in the openings where one of the big trees had died :ind fallen out of the crown. Mast was plentiful al that lime as chesmut. Some high coves I have seen were half chesmu1 and the rest would be a mixed stand of oak, (yellow) poplar, and cherry. These were big, rich coves with a good s1and of timber. ln the old days when the wl'llte people first came here, there were a 101 of bear, and the settlers had to thin 1hem down, if they wanted to plan1 any com or raise any livestock. In those times the way they raised lives1ock was to mark them and let them free-range in the open woods. They hunted bear partly for meat, partly for spon, and panly for self-preservation. because one bear could kilJ several sheep or a calf or a hog in one nigh1. Not every bear did that, but stock would be missing every now and then. I was talking with an old couple by well. Probably 20 perceni of the forest was the name of Phillips, inquiring about the KATUAH .- page 10 .. • history of the Plou dog breed. They told me that their father had come over from Haywood County and had brought his Plou hounds with him. They said that in the summer their father would trap bear, and then in the fall, when the weather got colder and the bears got fat and fit to eat, their father would take up the traps and hunt the bears with dogs. Hunting the bears so much exterminated them everywhere except for the roughest, most isloatcd pockets of land. In those days people virtually replaced the native wildlife with caule, hogs, and sheep. As the Forest Service began taking over in the l 920's, they instituted a "stock law," which said that a farmer had 10 fence in his fields and that livestock could run loose in the woods. But fewer and fewer people were depending on the open range, and finally a law was pru;scd that said that the livestock AUTUMN- I �The most critical changes affecting wildlife today are the result of clearcutting. In the next 25 years clearcutting is going to have a devastating effect on our wildlife. had to be fenced in. By that time most people thought that the bears had been completely exterminated, but I spent a 101 of time out there, and I knew better. I used to like to stan up Mill Creek, go out Old Bald, down to Wine Spring, over to White Oak, and come back out by Silcr's Bald and down. I would take off two, three, maybe four days, whatever I felt like. 10 fish and hunt. J spent a 101 of time in the upper reaches of the Nantahala River. Those thickets are rough up there, and once in a while I would see some bear sign. Nobody else knew about il, because nobody else went out there. Even the game warden said, "No, there's not a bear in these mountains." But in the '30's when the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was created, the bear started coming back. The population was back up to a pretty good level a decade ago, but it has been overhunted in the last five years-"ovcrkilling the increase," as they say. h's getting hard to find country to hunt over here. There are too many hunters for the mountain territory. Hunting appeals to 3I1 inherited streak that has been passed down from when we were nearly wild animals ourselves. Hunting b an outlet for that thing that's in our nature. Of course in earlier days there was a reasonable excuse for wanting to kill bears, because they threatened the people's way of living. That's not the case anymore. But any time a specie:; of wildlife has only a limited area in which the population can expand, they have 10 be kept under control, or their numbers will get out of hand, and they will starve or do the environment harm. Hunting is the best method, unless it is overdone. Hunting bears the old-time way made for a good contest. An ordinary man wouldn't get a bear every time. A man had , to be physically fit and willing to hang with it. h was a good contest. With these roads and thc:-.c walkie-talkies, it':-. not such a good contest anymore. I remember a bear they killed last year across the Glade Gap. That bear had run from way over on Tusquitec, across the mountain, and he was home free, except that a man in a truck saw him crossing the road. He got on that walkie-talkie, reached those men on the hunt, and told them where the bear was. They drove all the wav around, about 15 miles, put some more dogs on the track and eventually killed th:u bear. That':. ju't not giving the bear a chance. What appeab to me now is the dogs' pcrfom1am:e. A good bear dog puts his life at risk all the time. If he is going 10 slop that bear for you, he has 10 be constantly in and out. He pinches the bear, and he dodges. h's a satisfaction 10 see a dog 1ha1 really does 1he work. The contest of finding a bear. of hunting him, and watching the dogs perform is what appeals to me. I don't care about killing a bear anymore. 1 wan1 most of mine to get away. But once in awhile you have to get some blood for your dogs, or they'll wonder what i1's all about. I've noticed that when I was younger and able to follow my dogs close enough that they could sense my presence, they worked a 101 harder. They knew somebody was behind them backing them up. Even today, the more successful hunters will be the young fellows who follow their dogs up close. The most critical changes affecting wildlife today are the result of clearcuuing. In the next 25 years clearcutting is going to have a devastating effect on our wildlife. h's a cumulative effect. For the first few years clcarcuts provide more deer browse, and insects will be there for the turkey and grouse. But when those saplings get up 10-15 feet high, and they arc as thick as they can grow, lhey shade out all the early succession plants, and thereafter that area is of very little wonh for wildlife. It remains that way for years and years. until the uccs get large and old age thins the forest out naturally. But the Forest Service docs not let that happen. Under the even-aged management system, af1er 60-80 years they come back and clearcut it again. Clcarcuuing is also creating an imbalance in the timber species. When the chestnut died out, it opened up large spaces for sunlight to hil the forest noor, and, if it was a good, rich cove, this was an ideal situation for poplar 10 grow. The result was a 101 of young poplar thickets. Poplar is a fas1-growing tree and a good umber species, but it is not the same as oak or chestnut. Poplar will not suppon much wildlife. A boomer (red squirrel) or a gray squirrel might eat some poplar seed. but the main value of poplar for wildlife is that wherever poplar comes up. grapevines come up with it. Wild grapes arc a wry fine fall wildlife food; everything likes them. But they will not suppon the amount of wildlife th:ll a good mast crop will. Poplar is replacing oak, because it grows faster. Clearcuts arc creating conditions that favor the poplar. The Forest Service admi1s we are losing our oak trees, but they are continuing the policy that i~ responsible for the loss. In fact. if they had tried 10 think up the best way 10 replace stands of large oak timber with birch. red m.1ple, and poplar, they could not ha"c done better than what they nrc doing right now. None of those types of wood serve the same purposes as oak timber. The oak tree has some uses the other woods cannot fill. Poplar doesn't grow as fast on the poorer ridges. and these would stay in oak after clearcuuing. but the Forest Service is replanting these ridges in \\-hite pine. That is a poor policy. One hundred board feet of oak is wonh twice as much as 100 board feet of white pine. Of course, white pine grows a 101 foster, but while the white pine is making fiber, the oak tree will be furnishing wildlife food and a valuable timber. The F0Tcs1 Service is also putting roads through the last territory in which the bears can find a little isolation and pro1cc11on. Because of the roughness of the terrain, those areas were natural sanctuaries, but now those areas arc being laced with gravel roads. With tha1 kind of access and radios and radio-tracking collars on the dogs, it is going to be more than the bears can stand. Some hunters want the roads open, but a 101 of hunters have learned. When the Forest Service first put the gates up with locks on them, the hunters would shoot off the locks and go in anyhow. They could ride the roads in their jeeps and lei lhe dogs trot along, and 11 was easy hunting. But they found Out lhat after tWO Or three years Of that, they could ride around there all night and never sec a bear. That was when they decided that they would rather have it a little harder and have some game ro hunt for. So now, while not aJI hunters are reconciled to closing the roads, a 101 of them are. Even when it is gated, a graveled road gives more a'-ccss. Two years ago I got a bear over here 1n Macon County on a new gravel road. Before, ii was all I could do to get through that area with just two dogs; I couldn't go one·third as far in a day, so that gave the bear some protection. That extra access, even if it i:. on foot. is huning the bear, and there nrc rm.ny miles or :idditional acces). The Forest Service is essentially nuking a tree farm out of our wood.\. Small clcarcuts here and there would be alnght. But clcarcutting at the rate of 10.000 acres per year, the way we arc now, is going to result in a young forest that will not suppon the numbers of wildlife that 1he forest should. Because of both the densi1y and the species make-up, the forest is not going to support the game that it has in the past. KA TIJMI, page 11 �Gift of the Chestnut by Kim Sandland On a sultty July evening, my back weary from hoeing and weeding, strands of hair sticky-plastered down my neck, I dreamily anticipate snowboot puddles on lhe kitchen floor, a robe of snuggledown, and the simmering sweet smell of summer's preserved fruits wafting in from the kitchen. Cooking! Cooking is the last thing on my mind in summer .... or is it? Rummaging through the freezer I find it at la.st: one of winter's favorite memories- that la.st bag of chestnuts gleaned from a friend's Cherryville farm. I'm not lucky enough yet to gather my own, but as I chop a cupful of the fragram nuts, steamed tender and ready for sau!Cing in butter and brown sugar (or my favorite, maple sugar... and, yes, I add a liule rum to mine). and savor the anticipation of winier and winter foods, I know I will gather chestnuts from my own tree someday. Someday soon, it looks like. Parts of the nation are nunuring a growing chestnut agriculture with natives or with blighc-resistant hybrids of the once magnificent American chestnut tree. That chestnuts were once a staple in the diets of wildlife and humans in the Southern Appalachians is undisputed. The notes of early scientists and settlers, some as early as the 16th century, include chestnuts among the foods of native Americans. Among nut crops, gathered in the fall by Indians throughout the Southeast and dried for storage, the chestnut was the most important, followed by chinquapins (a small variety of the chestnut), pecans, hickory nuts, and walnuts. Mooney's collected field notes of the late l800's related how the Cherokee burned the forcSlS in the fall to clear the leaves and expose the chestnuts when they dropped to the ground as the burs split apart. Chestnut bread, made by adding chopped chesrnuts to a com batter, wrapping pauies of dough in com shucks and boiling them in water, and eaten fresh or sun-dryed for storage, was a delicacy for the Indians of the Southeast. This recipe and the value of gathering from the seemingly limitless bounty of plant and animal foods were passed along by natives to early settlers. Gathered chestnuts were used as a form of exchange by early Americans. The people of the Southern Appalachians. for whom chestnuts had been a plentiful staple, were especially hard-hit by the chestnut blight. Some of our elders living today may yet remember buying hot roasted chestnuts from streetcomer vendors, gathering chestnuts for the campfire roast, or enjoying grandmother's Thanksgiving stuffing. KA UAll - page 12 Chestnuts can return to Appalachia as an agricultural crop. Chestnut agriculture flourishes in Europe and in the Orient, where blight resistance has evolved or has been successfully introduced. Chestnuts have been cultivated in the Orient for thousands of years, and chestnut orchards on the Mediterranean island of Corsica, for example, produce an average of more than 3,000 lbs. per acre. J.R. Smith, in his book Tree Crops, compared this yield to that of com in the Southern Appalachians: "Yields of corn in Appalachia and of chestnuts on European mountainsides are about the same in quantity, but the corn yield can be made only occasionally and for a short period of time before erosion destroys the field. Chestnut yields on and on and holds in place the ground it feeds on." Corsicans, Smith noted, consume chestnut bread instead of com bread, and feed farm animals with dried chestnuts. A rich chestnut stew , he said, has been a basic dish for the common people throughout Europe for centuries, while the wealthy have served it in pates and sugary dessens. In Corsica "one-third of a farm is in grafted chesrnut with a byproduct of wood; one-third of the farm is in tilled fields; one-third is in pasture and hay meadows." The chestnut ttee, a proven high producer, is also fast-growing, maturing to bear fruit in only three to five years. It could be an imponant family food resource on any Appalachian homestead and replace annual crops on at least a ponion of the acreage of every mountain farm. Retail prices of chestnuts run up to $6.00/lb., while wholesale prices run $1.00-3.00/lb.. Averaging 3,000 lbs. an acre, the income potential for farmers is evidem. Twenty million dollars wonh of chestnuts are imported from orchards in Italy, France, and Korea by the United States ever year . Chestnut orchards are established in the Pacific Northwest, where the climate and growing conditions suit the species, and where the blight has not spread from the east. With the introduction of blight-resistant hybrids, the same could happen in Katuah, an area where the chestnut once reigned over all flora. The chestnut is an ideally balanced source of nutrition: high in carbohydrates, moderate in protein, and low in fat. Nutritionally, chestnuts resemble a staple grain and occupy that place in traditional diets. Michael S. Burnell, in an article in the journal Chestn11rworks, entitled "The Grain that Grows on a Tree," reveals that an almond contains three times as much fat as protein, while a chestnut has three times as much protein as fat. Chestnuts compare favorably to brown rice in nutritional components in government studies, yet brown rice has over 100 times as much sodium as chestnuts. Chestnuts contain an optimal amount of three of the essential amino acids (the components of protein) needed for adequate daily nutrition, and, gram for gram, provide more protein value than eggs. Chestnuts have the added advantage of containing no cholesterol. Chestnuts must be cooked to be palatable (raw, they produce intestinal gas). They can be boiled or steamed until tender, then sauteed in buner and served by themselves or in a variety of combinations. They can be roasted in their shells in the oven or fireplace (the flat side is slit, traditionally in an "x," so they won't explode). They can be boiled in a syrup and baked in a sugar coating for an unsurpassed confection. Yesterday at my house we had a sliced chestnut-and-squash casserole, and today we had fresh blackberry and chestnut cobbler--the last of my winter stock. l happily visualize that glorious spreading tree in my pasture, only a few years from now, and already taste the fruits of my own gathering. AUTUMN - 1988 �Essential Alnico Acid Content <1119 ot amino acid per 9~ ot proteinl l\!Di no Acid Che;stnut .I.deA.l. Trypt.ophao Lysine Sulphurcontaining amino acids Isoleucine 11.67 54.29 51 11 50.24 37.38 26 42 106 106 193 89 Chestnut Stuffing 2 lbs chestnUIS, cooktd and sieved J cup dicttl apples 1cup grruttl carrot J12 cup m.elttd bu11er smsoning do.sh paprika I cup dictd cekry 2 cups fresh breadcrumbs Native American Chestnut Bread 112 cup chopped onion 2 rblsp. chopped parsley thyme, marjoram. and rosemary, if tksired Mix all together. Stuff turkey or pumpkin or MAJOR NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS squash. eu:. Sh.elf and put one lb. of chestnuts Chop finely or mash. Add e110ugh cornmeal to hold chtstnws togtthu, mixing ch.estnJAJS and cornmeal with boiling water Wrap in gru11 corn shucks, tying each one with white twine. Pfau in pot ofboilillg water and cook IWO /tours. Saft when ea11ng, if dWed. CHESTNUT CAKES CHESTNUT ALMOND 50\ Carbohydrate 5-10\ Protein 1-5\ Fats and Oils 20\ Carbohydrate 18\ Protein 50\ Fat. Thue may be se~d in ploct ofpow.tots: To one lb. of mashed, cooUd cht.rtnws, odd OM tbsp. cooud, chopptd onion; one oz. bw1u. and o beOlen egg. Mix thoroughly and shape into colts. COOi with egg and brtodcrumbs and fry until goldtn brown. Drarn and ~rve with parsley. 114 cup bUlttr 314 cup dark corn syrup 2 cups coolced rice 2 cups peeled chestnuJs I cup toastttl bread c~ I cup celery, chop(J(d J cup onion, chopped 2 tbsp. Uimari soy souce 1 112 tsp. poultry seOSQning or sage I 112 cup mil/cor cream (can be nut or soy} Sauti onion, celery, bread cubes, and chestnuts Ughlly. Combine with rest of ingrttlitlllS and boke at 3500 for JO min Northpon, WA 99157 <Doug/cw h)brids and other varieties) qntJ SttdliJigs} 1 tsp. vaniffa 2 cups boikd and grated or ground chest/IUts 213 cup sugar :J eggs btoten 1 singte·laycr pie shell Chestnut-Brown Rice Loaf Bear Creek Nuisery P.O. Box 411 Chcs1nu1 Hill Nursery, Inc, Rt. 3, Box U,7 Alochua, Fl. 32615 (Dunston hybrids and othLr blighz.resisJont grafts CHESTNUT PIE Recipes Chestnut Trees for the Orchs rd: Enrl Douglass Red Creek. NY 13143 (ChintSe·Amtritxur hybrid sud and settllings} Reading Resources: PreheOI oven to 45<fJ. Cream butlu and sugar togtthLr until flllffy; odd corn syrup, eggs. and vanilla. Lint pit plate with pastry and sprinkle with chestnuts. Top with beaten ingredit!llts. Salce/or JO mm.; reduct MOl lO 3500 and baJce 35 min. fongtr, or until a knife inserted in th.ti ctntu COlnl!S oui clean. Mok.es orre 8" pie. Nw Tru Culture in North America, edited by Richard A. Joynes and published by lhe Nonhem Nut Growcis' Associauon. They say it is "the most complete boolc on Nonh American nut ttetS ever wriuen; and lhis is true. ($17.SO from NNGA; Brolceo Anow Road: Hamden. CT 06518) The thru recipu above au from the Victorian Nui Growers Associa1ion Recipe Book; Mtfbourrre. Australia. Alf the above recipes were reprinted in Ch~mutworks and gleaned with pemussion. Trtt Crops: A Permanent Agriculture, by J. Russell Sm11h. Even though some of bis tnformalion is outdated. Smith's book is worth reading for his thoushtS on lrCt$ as food.producing crops. ·Lynn Fain:hild Chestnut Muffins 2 cups shelled, coolced chtstnJAJS 112 cup flour 1 tsp. hoking powder l tsp. so.It 112 cupmil/c 2 egg )'01/c.s, beaten 2 egg whites, beoten Purie the chtstnurs 111 blender; odd remoinillg ingredients. carefully folding in the well-baJtn egg whites lost Dalee ill muffin po11 in 3500 o~n for 15·20min. • {romS1 . F1ancU\>ilk WommrClub CooAbool<; SI Froncisvilk, 11/mois DraW1ngs by Kim Sandland AUTUMN· 1988 KATUAH • p;1ge I �FROM THE ROOTS: GETIING INVOLVED IN CHESTNUT RESTORATION WORK START......... . SAVE .......... A CHESTNUT TREE! ll will require a widespread grassroots ("treeroots") effort by the people of Appalachia if the magnificent American chesl.llut tree is to once again become a viable species in the orchards and forests of our mountain land. The time to st.an is now! People who intend to be serious caretakers may request chestnut seeds from the American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation (see address under "Organi7.ations," p 16. Other sources for American chestnut seed and seedlings are listed at the end of this an:icle. Hybrid trees and foreign strains for orchard plantings are available from the nurseries listed on page 13. The several chestnut restoration organizatio11s listed need your help. Some suggestions on how to support them are given. Or, find several chestnut sprouts growing near each other in the woods, release them (clear around them), and care for them. These trees still carry the original chestnut gene pattern, and, if they can be brought to bear, will make a valuable contribution to the species' gene pool. paper towels will do. Be sure 10 leave lhe bag open or lO punch plenty of air holes in ii Pu1 the nuLS 1mmediatcly in a cooler or refrigerator (32-400 is best). Do no1 freeu. The vegetable crisper is an idc:ll spoL Keep the seeds in this environmen1 for abou1 two monlhs in order 10 siroufy them. Check lhem often, and do not let them dry out. • Source. American Chestnut Revival Planting and Protection IC possible, plant your nulS directly in their permanent site and avoid transplanting, which is very fussy work and always sclS back seedling growth. ChestnulS prefer moderately acid, sandy loam soil and sunshine and require a well-dr:uned location. For maximum protection from frost, plnn1 on high ground on sloping land. Avoid known frost pockets and wet spots. At least two trees arc necessary to pollinate nuts, and they should be no more than 200 feet opan for efficient pollination. The nuts, sprouts, and young uees must be protcctcd from animals. Squirrels, chipmunks, and mice cat the seeds and young sprouLS. Mice and Care and Maintenance of Chestnut Trees Handling and Storing Nuts The time lO collect nuts is after frosl in late September and early October. Remember. chestnut l1US are self-sterile, so lhey w1U DOl produce viable nut~. unless there is another tree nearby 10 pollil13lc them. The best straregy is 10 plan1 the nuts in the fall, when they would drop nmurally. This avoids the need for str.Uilication. (StratJlication meat\S to pass the seeds through a cold, donnnnt period of two months or more to s1imula1e the seeds 10 gcnninatc.) If you purchase seeds or need to Store them, ii is imporuint never to le1 lhe nuts dry ouL Drying kills the germ. Newly obl:llncd nutS should always be kept in a mois1 (no1 wet) contamer tha1 can breathe. A iiplock bag with moist peal moss or chipmunks gnaw the roots, and rabbits enjoy the young stalks. Deer nibble the new growth and rub agGinst the trunks or saplings. The "tin can plnnling method" de1ers early underground rodent damage. Remove the top from a soup, beer, oil or similar-si7.cd can. Cut a hole one mch m diame1cr in the other end; cover with one inch of soi I: ploce the chestnut on us side, then fill lhe res1 of the can with soil. Plant the can upside down, with the one·mch hole ru ground level. To preven1 the can from girdling the esublished seedling, check to be sure iron cans have rusted through: aluminum cans must be cut and removed once the seedhng is well-established. Young t.rces should be proieclt.d with plastic lJ'Ce guards availnble at nurseries. Rat trops baited with dry prunes or nulS IJed to the !rigger will caich squirrels and chipmunks. r'CllCing is always a good idea. If a nursery bed is to be used, fence around the prepared soil wilh 1/4-inch mesh screen that cxiends 6" to 12" below the surface lO prevent 1unnclling by mice and chipmunks. Individual seedlings can be protecled from deer rubs with wire fencing auached lO stakes abou1 a fool from the 1rce. An eight foot fcnc~ aroWld the yard or orclwd will keep ou1 deer. Less cxpcnsi ve than the big fence are the many deer repellants on the llllll'ket, which de1er by tasie, smell. to0ch, or all three. Consult your local nursery people. However, repellants must be re-applied aftcr each rainfall. For older seedlings. ooe of our coopcr310rs in Georgia reports tha1 hanging mesh b:lgs (like those in which citrus and onions me sold) full of human hair (barbershop sweepings) every three or four trees is an efTcctJve detcrrenL VA Tech Exlension recommends using a cake of Lifebuoy soap in the same way. Mulching protccts the young plants from extremes of heat, cold, and droughl and from weed competition. Mulch should be pushed b.1ck from the trunk during winter, so tha1 rodents will not hve there and nibble lhc IJ'CC. If one wi~cs 10 stnn the seeds in a protcetcd si1uation, Dr. Collin McKeen of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada has reported good germination results from American ches1nu1s planted about two lO three weeks aftcr hn.rvcs1 in a topless cold frame bu1l1 against the brick foundntion on the south side of his house. The box was aboul four feet by four feet and stood 1wo feet above the soil level. 'The soil was a sandy loam mix. Seed nuts were laid on their sides on the soil and covered with a mulch or rolled leaves. A wire screen was fitted over the top to keep out animals. uanting from Our MistakLs Th4 photo shows an U.co"ectly applied soil comprtss. The tree is an American chestnw trtt that was about ltn years old in 1987 w~ the pMlO was talcen. The tret belongs to Mrs. Barbara Suman ofCt:nJre Island, Oyster Bay, NY WM is pading UJro soil aroWld the base of the largtsl of three soil compresstS, which wert! securt:d over the silts of blight outbrtak. This /Tu is now dying from the bligh1. The first error is that this particular soil compress was applied Ont! year 100 late. The trtt was already ~d......in applyillg the compress. hawtvu, tlie two lowest limbs should havt bun cut away tnlirely and burned. The uwnk sMuld thln have /Ken covered with one large compress from ground ltvel "' ont foot above the highest infection silt. Although this porticuku ca# was a failure, it was a valuoblt tdut:ation in MW to apply the soil compress correctly that has sub~quently hllped w greatly. • from Lucille Griffin . . . KATIJAH - page I AUTUMN· 1988 �Drawing by M. Tree Transplantin2 Unless con~lanl ~urvcillance is possible. or lhe seedling is a precocious grower (20" or more m !he first year), it is best IO wall until seedlings arc two y~ old before moving lhcm Crom I.he nursery to the permnnen1 site. Transplant them when I.he seedling is donnant (no leaves) • in the fall or the spring in the soulh, but only in lhe ~ring in the north. The chestnut has a large tap root • e:inra care must be taken not to injure it becau.~ this inJury is life· th~tcning to the b'Ce. Proper handling is important. Seedlings should be planted as soon as possible. Purchased seedlings should be SIOrcd in a cool pbce out or sunlight The rootS .J\ould be wroppcd in sphagnum moss and always kCPI moist. but not soaking wet. If lhc objective is rcfon:station or growing trees for wOO<I production, tr.1nspllln1 seedlings at 10 Coot intervals (435/acre). IC lhe object of plllnting is nut prodllCtion for humans or animals, plant the U'CCS at 2S foot inlCJ'Vl1ls (70/acn:) with the inicntion or removing every other tree (for sale as a specialty wood) when the crowns begin to touch. Do not plant the uus f urtller than 200 feel apatl, as this will limit pollination. Review irisb'UCtions for pro1CCtion. Cart ofTransplanttd Chestnut Setdlin~ ChestnutS do not requite a rich soil, but lhe R111jor nutricntS should be balanced. However, the nut crop w1U be beucr and the nut size lnrger lf the tree is growing on deep, fcnile soil. Fertilizing should no1 begin unul lhc second yw after a tree is planted. On poor soil apply an organic fcrtihzmg rru:ictun: or one pound of S· IO·S per year of tree age or per inch of tree trunk. diamc1tt. Water the same as you would garden crops. Keep grasses and weeds outside a two foot radius around !he ~ling~ by cultivaung or mulching for at lea.'11 five years. Cbesfnul Blight 'The fungus Endothia parasirica is present throughout most of !he eastern US. Jn some orchards. however. a virus disease or the blight fungus causes hypovirultnu, which wCllkcn~ its attack on lhc chestnut. American chestnuts infected by the hypovirulcnt fungus usually survive. To idcn11ry blight. look for oval·~hapcd. reddish-brown local discolorations of the bark followed by premalUJ'e yellowmg of the foliage above. SomclimC$ protruding orange stubs of lbc fungi may be visible. Epicormic sproutS growing from the trunk of lhc tree arc a good mdic.ation of lhc blight. Look JUSt above the sprouts to sec !be canlccr. If a canker is on a minor limb, trim off lhc limb and bum it If n occurs on lhc ma.in trunk any place wilhin reach. apply a soil compress. Chestnut trees need careful watching, because 11 lakes only one year for lhc blight io ltiU a young tree. FIRST AJD FOR CllESTNUTTREES: THE SOIL CO:\fPRESS METHOD This technique m:iy be used to protect a planted tree, or to kocp alive selected sprouts in the woods. It will work as high on the ucc a.~ you can manage to hfl lhc soil! To m:ikc the Soil Compress: Cut away any branches, even healthy one~. which occur 10 lhc area that must be covered by the soil comprc.-.s. Fit a sleeve: or polyethylene or similar sheet pl:istic 0( Lal' J>3pcr around lhc cm:umfcrcnce of lhe trunk from ground level upward IO a point that 1s as far above the infection as IWO times the length of the infection (because there is probably more Endothia just under lhe bark lh:ll has not yet broken out). Secure and seal the lower edge of the sleeve by mounding soil up around 11and1>3ckmg iL firmly. Fill the sleeve with wet gllrdcn soil 1• to I If]." inches thick all the way around. There is an antagon1st1c orgwusm which occurs naturally in moist soil; wherever it is kept in conta.cl with the disease, 11 ..,,u lull the fungus. For the Soil Compress to succeed, 11 must be appbed at lhc earliest Stages of the dLSCa.IC, when the infection is pcrllaps under the bark but has noi yel pcncumcd the wood. • So11.rct: Tht Amtrican Chts111u1 Cooptra(()r-s' Foundmion (drawn largtly from tM Handbook of North American Nut Trees tdittd by Dr Richard A. Jaynts) (COl'dJIUIDd on rwu pea") AUTUMN· 19 8 TUAH ·page 15 �FROM THE ROOTS: ORGANIZATIONS (continued from page IS) BRINGING BACK THE CHESTNUT TREE Nonh Carolina (where American chestnuts grew best) as a last bastion of polentially good trees. The blight came later 10 Nonh Carolina; hence the trees have not been subject to StreSS from the blight for as long as those we have worked with, and more may be living." - John R. Elkins, secretary. Cooperators are also needed to Taise and care for chestnut trees from seed. Volunteers must be ready to be responsible for a long-tenn project and prepared to make regular repons of successes and failures. The American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation is a publicly-supported, tax-exempt foundation under section 501 (c)(3) of the IRS code. All donations arc tax deductible. "Wt art h4ppy to be involved in IM process of restocking lhtse hills with this beautiful Olld prodtutnot tree." CHESTNUT COOPERATORS THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT REVIVAL do Carol Klinger Rt. I Dowelltown, TN 37059 The Mountain Garden Club, Highlands, NC THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION do Dr. David W. French Depa rtment of P lant Pathology University of M innesota St. Paul, M N 55108 The American Chestnut Foundation was formed by a group of prominent scientists in 1983 as a non-profit foundation to suppon biological research and genetics projects to restore the American chestnut tree to its natural range. The American Chestnut Foundation provides the suppon for the breeding progTam developed by Dr. Charles R. Burnham that is being carried out in Minnesota and several regional centers, including the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. This program is the most promising for a speedy return of the American chestnut tree. Mr. Phillip Rutter, president of the foundation, says, "As a scientist, I have to say that there is an 80% chance that I will live to see a blight-resistant American chestnut. As a human being, I'd say it's 100%." Regular membership in the American Chestnut Foundation is $15.00. Members receive the Journal of the American Chestnut Fou11dation and may attend the annual meeting to hear progress reports on foundation projects. Donations arc tax deductible. The foundation needs help with fundraising, public education, and finding wild chestnut tree locations. KATUAH - page 16 The American ChestnUJ Foundation requesrs rhe help ofall concerned abou1 the fate of Ult! American chesrnut rree. The State of New York is now considerating legislation to establish a national chestnut research cemer ro be affiliated with the state university system and ihe American Chestnut foundation. The legislators sponsoring this effort need to know that there is widespread StlJJf)()rt for this idea. let them hear from you. Write to Assemblyman Francis J. Pordum; Legislative Office Building (Rm. 252); Albany, NY 12248. A~1ERICAN CH ESTNUT COOPERAT ORS FOUNDATION 2100 J efferson St. Bluefield, WV 24701 "Our top priority is for long-term funding of the regional effon already underway: first, 10 develop a blight-resistant :4Jnerican chestnut tree capable of competing m our eastern hardwood forests, and second, to develop economical biological control measures against chestnut blight in the forest environmenL....Foundation work will be focused in the Appalachian Mountain area." Besides funding, cooperators arc also needed to help locate surviving American chestnut trees which could be valuable sources of genes carrying resistance to the blight. "We are especially interested in the environs of the Blue Ridge Parkway in The American Chestnut Revival is a people's organization supponing the return of the American chestnut. The group is the creation of the Cumberland-Green Council, our bioregional neighbor serving the watersheds immediately west of the Kawah Province. The Revival sponsors want to link up with Katuah people 10 make the American Chestnut Revival a cooperative, inter-regional effon. The stated goals of the group are to: 1) replenish our woods with the American chestnut - a beautiful, useful species 2) promote diversity and ecological health in our forests 3) move toward a healthy, self-sustaining agriculture 4) educate the public and our public servants to the realities of deforestation, ecological monocuhurization, and general environment.al degradation. The first priority for the group is to locate and correctly identify existing wild chestnut trees. Identification is tricky; even expens are sometimes fooled, but the group hopes to c:ualog large native chestnuts, keep track of them, and protect them for the future. The group is also seeking chestnut sdon wood for research purposes and for their own grafting projects. American cheslllut genes current.ly exist in a pure fonn in surviving mature trees and in root sprouts from trees whose tops were killed by blight. They are also assisting in technical research projects as needed. They presently are maintaining a close connection with Dr. Scott Schlarbaum and his project at the University of Tennessee. If you want to help bring back the chestnut, take part in the American Chestnut Revival! ~ AUTUMN- 1988 �RESOURCES Seeds and Seedlings: Sources Bear Creek Nursery P.O. Drawer 411 Nonhpon, WA 99157 (American, ChiMSe, and hybrid CMStnllt seedlings, grafted rrees - 5% of the value of any sale of ches11uas benefits ti~ American CMstruu FoW1daritJn) Wexford Soil and Water Conservation Disnict 200 West Thirteenth St Cadillac, Ml 49()()1 (American chestnut seedlings - $41.40 for JO, $25.80for 5. Writefororderi11g i11fom111tion.) Louis Lipovsky RFD Brunswick, ME 04011 (American chestllUl seedlings) Benhan Rajala 3030 lsleview Road Grand Rapids, MN 55744 (American cl~stnUJ seed) Donald Rudisuhle Rt. 3, Box 216 Caladonia, MN 55921 (America11 cl1es11111t seed) Periodicals CMstnurwork.s is edited by R. D. Wallace and published by the Chestnut Growers' Exchange. lls purpose is to promote chestnuts as an agricultural crop, and to research the natural history and culture of the chestnut. Valuable updates on scientific research on the species. Two issues per year for $10.00. Write to: Rt. 3, Box 267; Alachua, FL 32615 The Journal of the American Chestnrlt Foundation focuses on the work of that organization, but also carries articles by other top scientists working to restore the American chestnut to the wild. Membership: $15.00 minimum donation. See ACF address p. 16. ...tn J!er& Note from Luci.mla. . .. 'The clear, crisp days and nights of autumn arc, to me, the best times for gathering roolS for food and medicine. Roots can actually be gathered anytime from lhe first frosts of fall until the early spring because that is when the energy of the plant is in the rooc but to me the best time is autumn. I like fall gathering for two reasons: fi.rst, my memory of exactly where the plant is is the freshest (often dying rock and dead tops remind me of the way) and secondly, ~use after the heat of summer passes my personal energy is rising, and that feels like a good time to make medicine. My personal ritual is to gather from the third quancr to the new moon, following the first froi.ts. Now is the lime for the hardier roots - burdock, yellow dock. cchinacea, dandelion and comfrey. My lools vary from a digging stick for the comfrcy to a pick axe for the AUTUMN· 1988 Diagram 1: Genetic Hybridization of Chestnut Tree Species Castanea dentata with Castanea mollisima Drawing by Rob M&asick burdock. While I dig the root I tell the roots why 1 am gathering them and ask for their healing power. Then I listen. After I have dug the roots I need, I leave a gift of tobacco or a prcuy rock or ~hell, and smooth rock the earth over my diggin\. One of my favorite fall tonics is an iron rich mix of dandelion root, yellow dock root. and burdock root. 1 cut up the root~ and put them in a jar and then cover them with apple cider vinegar. I use vinegar for the tincture because alcohol inhibilS lhe absorption of the minerals. ln vinegar, ilS shelf-life is shoncr, bul it will last unlil next fall. I also dry some of each root for infusions. Considering how hard il is lo gather burdock root, I have io admit I try to use mostly tincture so I don't have to dig so much! Comfrey root I use in a number of ways, I've already dried the leaf for lea, now I dry some of the root in a darlt, dry place. I also malce tincturci; in alcohol and Ill vinegar and, lastly, make an oil extraction in olive oil. Comfrey is one of the most used herbs in my medicine cabinet. so I try to keep it in all the varied ways I might use it. Echinacea is the herbal antibiotic and I cannot imagine a medicine chest without it The kind of echinacca which grows here is Echin1Jcea purpurea, and it only has medicinal properties if it is freshly tinctured (i.e., dig fresh root, uncture immcdiaiely). When it dries it has no medicinal value. To make an infusion, it is necessary IO order ec/unacea angustifolia. which grows profusely in the West There are numerous other fall root plants, but these are the ones which are the mainstay:; in my medicine chest I value lhc rime I spend in the autumn gathering root medicine and feel the time spent, in itSClf, is a tonic and nourisher of my spirit It prepares me for the winler to come. KATIJAH · page 17 �THE CHANGES TO COME (TM>e are the words ofa uaditionol Cherl>Ut: medit1M person.) I can agree with some of the things the Judeao-Christian philosophy considers evil. but not the majority of things. To me what is evil is that a small percentage of the world's population can justify destroying the Earth in the name of profit. I think that it is the ultimate form of separ:nion--for the ego of the human to think that the Eanh begins when one is born and ends when one dies--to think that one can flush one's waste in the river and not care about it going to one's neighbors. We arc destroying the Great Life. When I was about founcen years old l went with my grandfather to listen to an old man talk. We went over to these people's house and they had a fire outside and they greeted everybody and passed coffee around and I was proud that I could sit in the circle and listen. The old man talked about lots of things, but one thing he talked about strongly impressed me-in fact it scared me so bad I thought it was going 10 happen in the next few days. He said that the Earth's existence was m four quaners, and each quaner was a very Jong time-thousands, maybe a million years, I don't know. But he said that the bear was on three legs now and is about to siep down on the founh. And he said every time that the Ear1h goes through shifts from one quaner to another one. there is a cleansing process. The cleansing takes the form of droughts, floods. earthquakes and all these things. The old man kept repcaung that the Earth is living, ll's not dead. Volcanoes nren't things of the past, they're things of now, Floods nrc things of now, nnd droughts are things of now. 111e Earth is alive. My body is a miniature Earth, as all kinds of organism~ are miniature Eanhs, but \\e are all connec1ed to this greater organism. We are like a cell in this Great Life. When I take an alien substance inio my body, like cigarette smoke or some other kind of pollution, ir's destructive to me and I can feel the evidence of it. I become ,,hortwinded and feel all the symptoms. I may not feel the effects as strongly at first as I do later. The Earth is now strongly feeling the effects of all the cmp thnt we have been puuing in her atmosphere and in her streams. The point I want 10 make is that the evidence of the effects of our abuse of the Eanh is here for everyone 10 sec. The Earth is heating up--the greenhouse effect. I ha1e to bow to the ~icntists, but even the scientists are saying that we an: in danger because of our own ncuons. There are 1wo things we need to do. We have no choice. l think we should do everything that we possibly can to reverse this process because of the unborn-yet-to-be. The unborn-yet-to-be have the right to KATIJAH- page 18 be included in all the decisions we make today. Part of that decision-making is 1ha1 they should have the same choices about the environment as we do. I can breathe fresh air, I can swim in the streams, although it's getting harder even now in our generation. A friend who just got back from New Jersey said she couldn't swim, because the beaches were closed because of hospital wastes. A place where she had swum all of her life had been taken away from her. Before the non-Indian came 10 this country I could go to any stream or river and drink from it, but I no longer can do that. I don't know of a river anywhere that I can drink out of. I don't know of a srream anywhere I can drink out of. And where I am right now I don't know of a spring I can go to and drink out of that I wouldn't be afraid because of agricultural run-off or any of those sorts of things. There is the evidence. And the evidence is multiplying by millions of tons just in my own lifetime. It is not fair that a few people based on materialistic and shiny, glittery things can make the decisions for the majority in the name of profit. It isn't even in the name of national security . It is in the name of individual, personal profit. because the only philosophy we have as a society b to manufacture and to consume, manufacture and consume--that's our only philosophy. So in terms of this reality the most important thing is that these people be perpetuated, no matter what happens with the waste. I intend to do everything within my po"'er--and I encourage everyone I meet-to deal with this crisis. I don't use scare tactics, but I do say whats going on. and I tell people that they have a responsibility and an obligation. Some people say, "Yeah. \I.ell, people have always said the Earth is going 10 be destroyed. anJ there have alv.ny~ been bad times ...and my father said it wa.-; bleak and it was gorng to end," and so on and so on. At first that statement bothc:red me. But there are 1wo forces on the planet: there's good and there's evil. and we have to have both forces, or there's no existence. And I think that the force that de~trovs the Great L.ifc is evil--be,-ause 3 few can't make these choices for so many and so many yet-to·bc. The force that destroys the Earth-that destroys the streams, that kills all the animab off, and that cuts all the trees down- is an evil force. Now, I am a pacifist in the sense that I believe in nonviolence. I think the Quaker attitude would help us deal with this situation. We can do somcthmg about it in our own regions: we can quit buying products that destroy. We can examine how we can gear down our own lives - not in the sense that we are bleakly going to do away with everything. but we can do without things like styrofoam, electric toothbrushes and all these unnecessary kinds of things. We can try to make everyone in our little area conscious of what's going on. Stan from there, and encourage people from other areas 10 do the same thing. AUTUMN - 1988 �The second step we need to take-and I think this is just out of real procticality--is to make certain preparations for ourselves and our families, and maybe in some instances for our community as well. The number one thing is 10 think of ways ro feed ourselves when we unplug from that consumer/manufacturer society. One of those things that we have to consider is gardens--ways to raise a 101 of food in small an:as-and also alternative forms of fanning, such as dryland fanning like the Hopi Indians do. They raise food down there in a place that gets very little rainfall. We need to learn how to catch waternnd conserve it. Even if you have only one moist spot, plant some kind of food there, even if there's room for only one plant. We need to look al the indigenous plants around us as food sources. Lamb's-quarters is a wonderful food. but we pull it up and throw it away. Yet i1 keeps returning, because it's adapted 10 the area. Look at plants, like the different species of com: from the hard flim com that grows in the southwest to the softer meal com that grows here. Think about both of those plants and start growing them and adapting them to this clim:nc. Do the same thing with pumpkins. squash. and maybe even the more arid-land food plams and trees. like some of the nut trees. When you think of growing planes. consider them as protein and carbohydrate sources. Grow plants that fill those needs. And get several varieties of each one of several species. Be very selective about your seed. If you have a dry year, pick '1he best plants for seed. Don't do anything else with them, but encourage them 10 make seeds. even if it means stripping them of leaves in order to encourage the seeds to grow instead of the fruit, if it's that way. And then pick the seed from there and be merciless about picking the right seed. We ought to be concerned about that People ought to get into different kinds of food preserving--canning, drying, and all fonns of food processing. We need to sort 0111 our refuse and look a1 what's there. I take all of our kitchen garbage :ind throw it tn our compost pile to make soil out of it. Even when I pull a weed out of the garden, l put 11 m there. I think it's important to build up the soil to be :is stron~ as it can. Don't depenct so much on :mimal protein, because the animals will be falling under the same environmental stresses that we Y.111, and plants are much more odnptable to drastic environmental changes than the animals. Don't dismiss that when you consider your sources of protein. I think for agriculture we should consider draft animals as a back-up. Mules eat les~ food and ure stronger than horses. We ought to think about alternative energy sources. An energy source that does pollute 10 a cenpin extent, but is cenninly not a~ polluting as automobile~ and coal-powered plants, is the small steam engine. It can run lots of tools: it can even generate electrici1r. if people are still wanting electricity. Or consider alcohol-based machines that use alcohol fuel from plants. I think people ought to consider those sorts of things. Another thing that has much to do \\ ith biological survival is psychological and spiritual survival. Going from a society in which almost c:very desire and whim is met--or able to be met, if one has the money-and leaving all that will create certain psychological stress. The outside information that we get from TV's and radios may not be there eventually. That's going to be a psychological trauma for ~ople. People \\ill have 10 learn to deal with the psychological and emotional upheavals which will come up when their so-called reality is fractured in some way or another. That needs to be addressed. I also think that groups of maybe 25 people-or 30 at the very most--who live reasonably close together and are of like heart and like mind should make some kind of pact together. A group that size is a very compatible group for surviving. I think we ought 10 include our children in what's going on and what's happening. for the simple reason that they're the ones who are going to inherit whatever is left here. Political action should be the emphasis for every group of people. I think that nuclear war is an incredible threat. and I'm no1 putting that down, but I think the number one issue for this planet right now---0ne that will be more devastating than even nuclear war. unless it's total nuclear war--is the environment. If anyone doubts that, all they have to do is look around. It's a new age for us all--a new age in which the survival of our species is going to be a number one concern. Our philosophy is that the EJnh is one gn:at living organism, and it operates like my own body. When something a11:icks me--viruses or whatever--my immune system goes 10 work. I think we have bc:come a cancerous cell in this environment, and the droughts, the eanhquakes. and all these kinds of events mean that the Eanh is alive. Its ex1Stence is threatened by one of its pans. and l think it's kickmg in its immune systc:m. I think we're probably overpopulated on the planet. I know we arc overpopulated as a species. Even if we all work on it right now, y.e're s11ll going to led terrible effects from 11. 11 we all had it in our minds that "We are going to clean up 1he Eanh." and started doing everything right now. we would still feel negouve effects from what we've done in the past. People are afraid of havin!! to do with less. We could have a much higher quality 01 lifc--not only for ourselves. but also for the whole planet. We may have 10 give up some of our so-called independence. but this is an illusion anyhow. We're going to have 10 change our way of thinking. There are lots of ways we can go, but the whole thing concerning the planet tod:iy i~ that first Y.C ought 10 identify the problem. It's like slcoholism. Until one admits there is a problem. there is no solution. But the minute one admits there is a problem, then you're one step towanl a solution. The big step. Drawing by Rob Messick AUTUM,\1- 1988 KATUAH - page 19 �. ... . .. Natural . . . Wor l d .. . News ........ . • • • • • • • • Natura l • • • Wor l d . .. News .. . . . .. ... . . NP&L SALE APPROVED; DUKE POWER INVADES Narural Wodd News Savicc The controversy over Ille erection of a high p0wer tnlnsmission line in Transylvania and Jaclcson Counties is mounting. Dulce Power Co. of Charloue, NC has gained the approval of lhe NC Public Uti Iities Commission (PUC) for ilS purchase of the Nantahala Power and Light Company (NP&L) in wesletn North Carolina. The company now has righl-of-way access 10 scU ilS nuclear-generated p0wer 10 Alcoa and TVA customers in Tennessee. The PUC ignored a las1-dilCh effort by local mounlain people lO form an energy co-op as an alternative lO Duke's purchase of NP&L. To lrnllspon this p0wer, Duke has proposed clcarculting a huge swath of forest about 1,300 feet wide by 30 miles long. The line would slfelCh from Lake Jocassee in South Carolina to a substation in the rown ofTucicasegee in Jackson County, NC. Residents of the Lake Toxaway area are greatly upset that lheir view of Touway Moun&ain WlU be SpOiled - IO lhe extent th3l they hued 10p lawyers and enjoined Duke from any further conslrUction until they revealed plans for an alternative route. Tom Sweatt of the Lake Toxnway Property Owners Association paints out that "there are a IOL or people who have spent a lot of money lO build homes where they can have a good view of Toxaway Mounuun. • ln addition, Swe:m argues that Duke's proposed route would endanger rare and Propoud Transmission Corridor from JocasM!e to TudJ:!Mgu-DukL Power line KATUAH - p:ige M threatened plant communities and encroach on pristine trout wruers in fackson County. Unfonuna1ely on alternative route for the powerline propOsed by the homeowners nnd Other concert1cd groups trespasses through more of Nantahala Nationlli Forest than Duke's proposed route and will pass close 10 the homes of the residents of the Owens Gap area Cena.inly the allemlllivc would reduce the visual impact of the line on the Lalcc To,.;away homeowners. but l11e line would impact other residents and fragment an eminently important habil.al area in the Nantahaln Nlllional Forest. USFS PROPOSES NEW REGS Natural World News Service The US Forest Service (USFS) has received nearly 1,000 wriucn responses to sweeping regulation changes proposed this spring. On May 16 the USFS published revisions to its appeal regulations. A year in the milking, these fat-reaching revisions would fundamentally all.Cr the USFS appeals process, and undercut the meaningful right of appeal fOf all outside panics cooccmed with USFS decisions. The agency is heralding the revisions as an au.empt to increase efficiency, reduce delay, and benefit the public. Yet all evidence points lO inl.emal mismMagCmCl1t and agency inaction as Ille causes of most delays in the current appeals process. ll is clear that the proposed revisions will nol benelit Ille public. Two setS or appeal ·processes• are proposed. Forest planning, timber management. and Other so-called "policy decisions" will be relcgalcd to a sccond·class status of appeal under 36 CFR 217. Democratic "due process" fealurcs would no longer be avail3ble in p0licy appeals. A second set of rules (36 CFR 251) would govern appeals dealing with agency administration of written ins1tuments, such as special use permits. The USFS prop0scs to m:tintai"I full due process procedures for apppcals of this ruuure. Notices of appeal (now clllled "requests for review') would be combined llllO a single document with a suitc.ment of reasons. This document. along with any siay requests, would have to be filed within 45 days from the dale or publication of the decision in a local newspaper. No time extenS1ons are pcnnittedl This means that Forest Service planners h11ve years 10 strategize clearcuts, roadbuilding, recreation development, and other assaults on "natural resources." Deep ecologists, ci11ZCOS' groups, and their allies are allowed only a moolh and one half ro prcp:irc a defense. Other "efficiencies· the Forest Service proposes would limil project appeals (umber sales. etc.) to the level of the regional forestc.r. Appellant replies to agency submissions ("responsive suuemcnts") and oral pre~cnU1tions would be cl1min3led. While the USFS is nOI proposing a liling fee for entering appeals, the agency IS specifically rcquesung public comment on this controversial issue. The proposed changes in regulations would further insulate the Fore~t Service from c11izcn review of improper decisions. If changes in regulations are ro be made, they must be balanced._ fair, and aimed at increasing efficiency and better decision-making. The proposed revisions fall far Mon of these basic goals. By denying the public o right lO a meaningful nppeal, the propOsed rules changes fora: parties seeking ro influence the USFS to t:lke lheir coocems to court. Private citizens and conservlllion organizations do not have the financial resources IO suppon numerous lawsuits. Although the shon comment period alloled foe the proposed regulation changes expired on July 12. 1988, the Forest Service needs IO hear how people feel about being cu t out or the decision-making process for the National Forests. Theie is a tremendous amount of momentum within the USFS 10 adopt lhesc revisions. The timber indusuy is exerting pressure lO limit the scope of Ille appeals process. Send your ktters to: F. Dale Robtrnon, Chief US Fortst Suvice P.O. Box 96()9() Washington, DC 2()()90. Send copies 10 your congressional rtprtsoltati\leS. FOREST WATCH! HELP WANTED! Nawral World News Service A "Forest WalCh" program is being started in K:uuah. Members of the Wilderness Society, Western North Carolina Alliance, Carolina Mounlain Club, Audubon Society, and four local Sierra Club groups are creating a coalition that will interact with rangers in each US Forest Service (USFS) district. Forest Watch members will sit down with rangers to discuss and review environmental asscssmenL~ for proposed timber cuts, roads. and other Forest Service ac11v1ties before they are begun. Successful Forest WalCh operations arc already in action in other National Forests (e.g., the Chauahoochce NF in Georgia). At the least, such oversight activity will hold the USFS lO 1lS own forcsl managemcnl plans. At best.. both volunteers and rangers will move closer to cooperation and muwal understanding, to lhe bcnelil of all. Workshops will be offered on forest management and on the Fores t Service decision-making process. Those who would like to ltnow more about forestry and multiple use demands, and who would like to have some mOuencc on the future of the forests Ill Kauiah, $hould conlllCI Ginny Lind!>ay: P.O. Box 1275: West Jefferson, NC 28694 (919) 982-3633 or Speed Rogers: 251 Purple Finch Lane; Brcvnrd NC (704) gg3.304g_ AU1ID1N - 1988 �....... Natural ... World ... News ........ . RESISTERS RISK ARREST AT Y-12 WEAPONS PLANT by Pat Montee In an historic moment on August 6. 1988 at lhe gnies of the Y -12 Nuclear Weapons Components Plant in Oak Ridge, TN, five people linked anns and in a simple trespass action crossed over a symbolic line onto lhe plant grounds to be arrested by local police. The action was the first act of civil disobedience at Y-12 and was lhe culmill31lon of a day of concern for lhe plant's role in nuclear weaponry and nuclear cootamination. Preceding lhe arrests 200 demonstrators rallied at a municipal park and then paraded lo Y 12. Speakers at the rally urged support for a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty. The demonstration was held on lhe anniversary of lhe dropping or lhe first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The protest was organized by the recently-formed Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance (OREPA). Co-sponoors included Tennessee Peace and Disarmament Campaign, Jackson County (NC) Peace Network, Western North Carolina Alliance, Madison County (NC) PlowsharcS, and lhe American Peace TCSL Those living near weapons facilities across the country are beginning to speak ouL The August 6 protest at Oak Ridge was minored by other grassroots demonstrations at DOE facilities in Aiken, SC, Amarillo, TX. and the Nevada test site. The formation of OREPA is a call for public auention to the DOE's Oak Ridge facility. In February of last year the Radioactive Waste Campaign, a public interest organization, pinpointed the Oak Ridge Reservation as one of the most scvesely contaminated government facil1ucs m lhe US. Millions of pounds of uranium-derived wastes have been dumped in landfills at Y-12. Between World War II and 1981, over 12 million cubic feet of low-level rad.ioactive WllSUl we.re buried at lhe Oak Ridge Reservation. Radioactivity has seeped out and contaminated streams and groundwater bolh on and off the site. The TV A has identified more than 140 dangerous chemicals and radioactive materials present in Oak Ridge creek bouoms. The Y-12 plant manufactures uranium components for lhe primary sUJge and the principal nuclear components for secondary stages of thennonuclC31 weapons. Covering an area or 3,400 acres and employing over 7,000 people, the Y-12 plant plays a pan in the production of every major nuclC31' weapon in lhe US arsenal. 1l was Y -12 which produced I.he firsi gram quantities of highly enriched uranium used in the "Litlle Boy" bomb which dcsuoycd Hiroshima. One or I.hose arrested Ill y -12, Chris Irwin, a University or Tennessee student and a native of Knoxville, said, "IL seems lhal at Y-12 I.hey just ignore us. I've written my congressman ·everyone has .....SomcbOdy luld 10 do ~mething. If I don't, who will?" Sharing this concern for the future, Judnh Hallock, a resident of Jackson County, NC and a mother or three, was quo~d by the Associlucd Pres.-. as saying before her arrest. "My children arc m dotnger. The plnncl is in danger. and I feel I h;ive no choice.• Others arre.~led were: Jeff Warner, 24, of Bowling Green, KY; M)'T'B Zeller. 40, or Madison A County, NC; and Doug Mason, 38, the father of two children, who is from Memphis, TN. The five anest.ed were booked at the site and released on lhett own recognizance. At n hearing the following Monday at the Anderson County Court.house, they received a eiUJtion for simple trespass. OREPA is forming an active regional community lO non-violenlly overcome the violence at Oak Ridge. A "Nuke Watch" action as planned for Octobcr24-29at y.12. To conwcl the Oak Ridge Environmental and Peace Alhancc, write Box 1101: Knoxville, TN 37901 or call evenings at (61S) 588-9370. "the most massive crackdown of its kind in lhe country". During lhe investigation. undercover agents bought 266 gall bladders. SS claws, 77 feet, four heads, nine hides and one black bear cub. Agents also round dead bears in the woods from which only the gall bladder and claws had bcc:n removed, with the rest left to rot Black bear pans are commonly sold illegally both on the intcm.llional and domestJC rruirkets. During lhe three year operation, wildlifo officers were receiving criticism about not acting against poaching. However, to have made a premature move would have blown lhe cover on lhc entire operation. Wildlife orrocers and olher state and federal agencies formed 28 raid teams that served the . -~ ,~ ~ anc~t and search warrantS in a 20-county area in ~.,.. .;,. / ,.t' ,,frl __ ~ K.atliah. .: '.. /~}'- -~ '//• "'.r r ..- -·~ All or lhis in. tense activity, however. -~ 1 ~ culminates in the cowuoom. h i~ up to the federal .;.fJ/r~~, . ~udge to enforce the ex1s_ting law.s ~ regulations. as .;.,,,J.11"'' ~.._.,...., ·~/ 1t relalCS to bear poaching. If I.he Judge treais lhe ,,,,~,,,,,.....____, ~ "~ mauer lighlly and elects to impose very lenient ..._'<.~ sentences, ii would.be a signal to poachers that they ~-" ~ . ''"·"'"' ~~" could continue w1lhout severe c.onsequences. It fl///" , \ would also be a blow to the wildlife officers who at • · ...,..., ' times risked their lives uncovenng the poaching network. Lcuec; to the US District Attorney would let the court know that citi7.ens are watching and care PERE GRINES RETURN about lhe outcome of I.his case. Send a leuer Nanni World News Setvicc expressing your feelings and concerns to lhe D.A. who is prosecuting lhe federal government's case Five pairs of the peregrine falco11s •haclced against the poachers. out" Last summer by human volunteers have Max Cogburn returned to nesting places established in National US District Au.omey Forest areas in the Kauiah Province. US Courthouse, Rm. 306 The small, but eictrcmcly swifi, raptors were I00 Otis SllCCl obSCIVed at nesting sites at Linville Gorge, lhe AsheviUe. NC 28801 Shelton Laurel area of Madison County, Looking (704) 259-0061 Glass Rock, Whiteside Mountain, and Pickens .r - -" · ' ,r...._, ;. ,. j:-,,.. ..,,,.,?';,::,: ' Nose. One young falcon was nedged from lhe DCSl on Whiteside Mountain, and a heallhy chick is livmg in the nest ID I.he Shelton Laurel area. To avoid disturbance to the nesting falcons, hang gliding and rock climbing were lmhed at Whiteside Mountain and Looking Glass Rock unul August 31 of this year. Climbers and gliders were very cooperative wilh the closings. The peregrine restoration project is a JOinl effort of the US Forest Service, the NC Wildlife Resources Commission, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and a private organiation called The Peregrine Fund. The NC state income LaJt refund "Check-off for Nong:imc and End:ingcred Wildlife" contributed substantially to funding for the projecL BEAR POACHERS ARRESTED Natural World Ncw1 Scivice aa A three-year investigauon into bear poaching in western Norlh Carolina and ca~tern Tennessee led to charges again.~t 43 people who were uccused of illegally profiting from the marketing of gall bl!lddus and olher b13ck bear paru. Both federal and state wildlife officers panic ipated in "Operation Smoley." de.<.eribcd as PUBLIC INTEREST LOST IN THE OZONE Nuural World News Savicle On July 2. 1988, ozone levels recorded at the oz.one monitoring Slation in Fairview, NC, outside of Asheville, reached 118 parlS per billion (ppb), within 2 ppb. of the 120 ppb. maximum Standard allowed by the Environmental Protccuon Agency (EPA) under the Oean Air AcL Ozone in the lower aunosphere is a proven ha.z:lfd llult contcibut.eS io smog, rcspinuory disease in humans, and damage lo trees and crops. At excessive levels. o:r.one does acute damage to the lungs or children, old people, asthmatics, and I.hose who arc doing SLrCnuous outdoor exercise. Ozone has been shown to be pan of the deadly combination of factors that is killing the spruce/fir forest on Mt. Mitchell. Paradox 1cally, 07.0ne in 1he upper atmosphere is necessary 10 slueld lhe Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiauon in the run's rays, but m the lower atmo:;phcre it ~ a dangerous pollutant, and Asheville re:;1dcn1S rue now aware thal their cuy. too. ha:. an air qualuy problem. Yet, one month after lhe high reading was recorded, the 01.ooe monitoring station was closed. According 10 Ronald Boone, lhe director of the (conllnucd on nut Ne) - p:igc 21 �...more...Natural World News LOST IN THE OZONE (canlin\IOd from IJa&C 21) Western North Carolina Air Pollution Control Agency, construction had displaced the Station from its original location at Fairview school. and lhere was no ochet space available in Buncombe County r0t the 8 root by 8 foot IJ'ailer which houses the monitoring instruments. The EPA granted permission for the closure. This action was iaken shortly before the summer heat wave, which undoubtedly booSted ozone levels considerably in Asheville and surrounding areas in tho French Broad River basin. ff«, sugnant air masses provide ideal conditions ror lhe creation cl owne and keep the gaseow subslance trapped in valley areas, inslead of allowing it to dispetse. Had the sys1em been in operation, it almost cettainly would have recorded orone levels higher lhat the 118 ppb. reading or July 9. Readings during August would in all probability have shown Iha! Asheville was exceeding the re.detal Slandattls for ozone. The EPA has declared th:u if a city exceeds the maximum allowable ozone SUUldard of 120 ppb. two times in a single year, vehiculnr emissions ICStS must be undenaken immediately. Hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust combine with nitrous oxides Crom industrial and utility company fumes to create Orone. The EPA also says Iha! if the ozone problem persists in a city, tha1 ci ty will be designated a "non-attainment area• and be rcsuicted from starting any new industries that require smokcsUICks to exhaust industrial vapors. If Asheville were restricted as a "non-a1 tainmen1 area." it would obviously slow the city's industrial grow1h, and might adVCtSC!y affect tOUnSt tr.iffic as well. The ozone monitoring station is still closed, and Boone says that. as ozone levels decline during the cooler months, it will probably be April of 1989 before another locauon for the focility will bc found. Having no accurate de1ermm:1uons or how severe the ozone problem actually is m the French Brood River ba.sin will do liule to relieve public uncasinesi. about the situnuon. And pulling orr finding a locntion for the small testing sUllion for nine months does little lo bol.'ilU public confidence thnt the problem IS being adequately dc:ll t with or even considered. Having unknown levels or 01.one in Asheville's air supply iL1so r:uses other quesuons. bolh environmental and political New datn have been made public that show that long-term exposure to lower conccn11111Jons of ozone impairs the foncuonmg of the lung.~. causes adverse biochemical renctions in the lung$, and acceler.ites lung delerioration due to aging. These data have led scientists to urge the EPA lO immediately ndopt more stnngcnt oz.one standards. If the standnrds were changed, the EPA predicis lhat nine urbnn areas in the US would be ou1 of compliance. Prominent on that list is Asheville, NC. Is the municipal public hc:llth admmistrauon trying to sidestep the consequences of exceeding federal regulations by subjecting city ~dcnLS IO the consequences of exc:essi ve air poll uuon levels? Buncombe County's Metropolitan Sewage Administmtion is presently considering construcuon of an incineration plant to dispose of the area's sewage sludge. The pt;in has already come under severe criucism, as it would add several types of KA TUAH • page 22 dangerous gaseous pollutants into the area's air flow. With Asheville already suffering a critical air pollution problem, it seems obvious that an insUllation which would make major contributions IO the ambient air toxicity should be avoided. Yet, at recent hearings on the incinerator proposal, of all !hose who made presentations, only two individuals spolce in favor or the plan. Those were Jim Tenney. Di.rector of Public Health for Buncombe County, and Air Pollution Control Direct.or Boone. Actions such as this call into question the competancc or public health adminis1n1tion in Buncombe County, or r.iise the ugly possibility that the public health is being made subservient to the intcrest.s or economic and industrial growth. CP&L RA TE INCREASE (or " LET THEM EAT CAKE") residents posted their own black-and-white metal signs aloog a 30-mile stretch of the river. The s igns warn that fish from the river ate contaminated with dangerous levels of dioxin, a toxin that "causes cancer, miscarriages. and birth defeas." Recent EPA tesl.S have found dioxin in most or the 120 flSh taken from lakes fed by the contaminau:d river. One brown U'OUt was round to contain 80 pans per trillion or dioxin, more than three times the allowable dose. Shelley Stcwart. a Greenpeace official from Seaule who studies the pulp and paper industry. says thal "lhere is no levd al which this stuff can be considered safe.• Stewan also pointcd out that dioxin levels in the Pigeon are the second-highest found yet in the EPA's current analysis of 100 rivers below pulp and paper mills. Dioxin residues result Crom tile chlorine bleaching process used by Champion and other mills. Grttnptace may be contacted 01 (404) 874-8581. Nanual World News Service On August 8, 1988 the NC Public Utilities Commisssion (PUC) granted Carolina Power and Light (CP&L) a 9.1% increase. Profits from the rate hike will benefit the shareholders of the privately·held monopoly and will pay for the extr&Ordinarily high cost of building the Shearon Harris Nuclear PlanL According 1 F3lr Share of North Carolina, a 0 consumer advocate group. CPclL has spen t S4.S million on outside consultants to teSury in the rate case. A key issue was the cost overruns incurred in the conSU11Ction of the Shearon Harris planL Design changes and reworking during construction added at least $200 million LO the cost or the nuclear power pl:inL In testimony before the PUC, Chip Smith of Fair Share presented an anmysis of over l,000 changes 1n design during a nine-mont.h period. CP&L's own records showed most were errors and only one was cau!S(XJ by changes m rcgufauons. Fair Share maintained that the cost of misl.'lke~ made during cons11UCtion was excessive. CP&L mainl.3ined it "should 001 have to be pctfecL" In the linal weeks before the PUC decision, a S300.pcr-hour CP&L consullllnt stated that 1f widows and orphans could nOl pay lhetr electric bills, they could tum their lights off. Does this reveal CP&L's true pcrspecuve? Writt th<! NC Public U11li1its Commission or P.0 Bo.IC 29510: Raleigh, NC 27626 10 t.ICpl'US your opinion of 11rL1r dtcision. and ID Fov Shart of North COTolino: P.O. BO.IC 12543; Raleigh. NC 27605 111 support of thtir worlc. POISON PIGEON FISH NllUnl World News Service Representauves from the Greenpeace organization and 01hcr concerned people recently accused Nonh Carolina's Health Dcpanmcnt or dragging its feet in posung warnings along the Pigeon River, which the Env1 ronrnenUll Protccuoo Agency (EPA) has round is contaminated with the chemical dioxin below the Champion International paper mill m Canton, NC. Dr. Ted Taylor. a State tolliCOIOglSI, could not say when the sign would be posted, even though the flSh have been known 1 be toXJc since last 0 spring. "MOURNING THE VICTIMS" NlllWIJ World News Service East Tennessee residents seeking to short-circuit Champion International's bid for a wastewater permit a1 a public ~earing August 18, mourned for 1 Cocke Cow!ty cancer victims 67 whom they believe died as a result of accumulations of dioxin from wastcwater dumped into the Pigeon Rtvcr by the Champion plant in Canton, NC. Organizers of the variance hearing labeled 167 cent.er-section seats with the names of the dead and marlced the rows with block bows. Flags in Newport, TN bung at half-mast as a memorial rite was held. which fcatwcd the unveiling of a cenoiaph listing the names of the cancer vicums. Champion has produced blc:iched paper in the Canton plant since 1908. and scientisL' say dioicin is a byproduct of the bleaching process. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Tenne..~see omcials inili.ally proposed a wastew;iter pennn for the company that would have set a SO-unit color limit on the river at the statc line. Although dioxin levels nre not adclres.o;ed m the proposed wastewacer pcrmu. envrronmentahsts say that chemical and color levels ace closely associaced Tennessee Governor Ned McWhcrter 1s likely to make the linnl dec1s1on. Speakers at the hearing directed therr 1111ger at the governor almost as often a.~ at Champion. McWhcrtcr campaigned in Newpott during the last elecuon, promising to help clean the darkened and foamy Pigeon River. which nows through the ci ty's downtown distncL Two Asheville researchers demonstr:ued a new process they have developed, which they say can clean up the waters or the Pigeon. University of North Carolina Asheville professor Richard Maas and scienust Philip Neal hope to sell Champion on their method, tha1 they say could remove 90 percent of the color in the water. Wilma Dykeman, Tennessee state hisiorian, called a11en1ion to Champion's history of environmental abuse. and went on LO say that human actions should not be allowed to destroy any natural re.source. One speaker suggested that to establisb a vanance would open a Pandora's box to industry. Another Cocke County resident said that he felt that SU\lc leaders, by holding the hearing, were requesting the public "to make my murder legal.• So Greenpeace voluntocrs and ea.st Tcmesscc UTUMN • 1988 �(continued from page 7) Natural World News SPECIAL REPORT THE DOGWOOD BLIGHT by John Creech For as long as people have lived in Appalachia. they have delighted in the white dogwood flowers which splash the hillsides in spring. The bright red berries of the dogwood arc an important food source for many bud Gild ammal species when lhey appear in the fall. And the dogwood tree plays an imponan1 part in the ecology of the forcsL II is a prevalent understory tree that helps to develop the dark, loamy forest soil that is the basis of life. Soon, however, the great contributions of this small ltCC may be a thing of the past For, even as we lament the blight that killed the chestnut tree back to the ground, another blight lhreatcns the existence of the dogwood r.n:e I.Oday. The dogwood blight has been liule-publiciu.d, yet it has been killing Cornus Jlorida uces throughout a three million acre area in Georgia, Tcnn~ee. and Nonh Carolina. according to Professor of Foresuy Roben Zahner of Clemson University. Unlike the chestnut blight, which was introduced from Asia and swept through lhe Appalachian range 10 a period of 40 years, the anthmcnose fungus which causes the dogwood blight has coexisted with other plant life throughout the region for thousands of years. Scienlists first identified the fungus on dogwoods in Now York and Pennsylvania about 10 years ago. Reseachers at Cornell University inilially believed that some species of the fungus had mutated and attaekcd dogwoods only in the nonheasL However, an identical fungus was discovered on dogwoods in the Cashiers, North Carolina nrea about five years ago and has since been identified on Cornus f/orida trees throughout the Appalachians. The alternate-leaf dogwood (Cornus alttrnifolia), which is not as prevalent nor as beautiful as the flowering dogwood does not seem to be affected by this fonn of the blighL The blight thrives most successfully in moist, shaded areas such as mature forest areas, where it appears first as colonies of spots on lower tree branches. Sunlight inhibits the fungus, so it climbs upward from the shaded interior leaves, blackening and curling all of a tree's healthy foliage in a shon time. The youngest trees are the first 10 succomb to the infection. One scientific hypolhesis is that environmental StrCSSCS may have weakened lhe dogwood tree species 10 such an extent that 11 has become susceptible to the blight fungus. If this is true. as well as boding ill for Lhc dogwood species, it may mean that other trCCS as well arc on the threshold of their tolerance of hUITlllll pollution. Currently rcscarchcrs arc cultivating dogwood trees in controlled environment chambers under various kinds of simulated streSS s1IU31ions. Folinge on young trees has been leached with anlficial acid rain at levels similar 10 those present in the Ka1Uah region today. Investigators have found that these dogwoods take inoculation of the fungus quickly and easily, whereas trees grown free of acidic precipitalion have taken inoculation poorly or not at all. Acidic moisture qwtc possibly destroys the waxy layer of cutin on the leaf surface. leaving interior cells vulnerable to infection. Thi~ damage. perhaps coupled with stress from ozone or other pollutants, allows the fungus to destroy lhc affected leaves in a single year. The metabolism of lhe dogwood U'CC requires tremendous amounts or calcium for sustained and heallhy growth, all of which must be cycled up from the soil. Zahner and others in the scientific community believe that the chemical relationship is such that sulphur and nitrogen deposited in the soil from precipitation are releasing large amounts of aluminum normally bound in chemical comb1ruuions and unavailable. The roots of the dogwood tree draw dissolved aluminum into the tree, where, as Zahner says, the aluminum"competes with the sites on the cell membranes that would normally be occupied by calcium." Th.is creates a calcium deficiency which wealcens and evenlU3lly kills the trees. The dogwood is "not just another pretty tree." The pH of its foliage is basic, and, as the uccs shed their leaves in the fall. Ibis addition to the soil helps balance the soil pH throughout the yenr. Dogwood berries arc a dependable fall and winter food source for quail, IUrkcy, grouse, and a host of songbirds. They arc a wintertime staple for these birds, when v1nually no other foods arc available. Squirrels and deer also rely on this fruit for winter nutrition, and it is an allcmntive fall food for black bc8IS during a poor mast year. . . Zahner believes that this valuable member of the forest community 1s diminishing more rapidly than we rcali7..C. Indeed, the dogwood may soon be facing citlinclion in lhe Appalachian Mounuuns. ~owy display of the KATUAll - page 23 ;i' Photograph taken tarly in this century of miud timber growth on Moust Knob Branch of S110wbird Creek. chestnut enthusiast to understand why state and federal agencies are not providing strong support for chestnut research. The hard fact is that the chestnut is essentially gone from today's forests. Government research monies are already so severely limited that important areas of research for existing commercial species are often not addressed. Diversion of these dollars for chestnut breeding research, which can offer no absolute guarantees of success, would not be in the best interests of our forests from either an ecological or a commercial standpoint. Therefore, it falls upon the private sector, both individual people and organized foundations, to suppon chestnut research. Private support can come in a variety of forms: monetary donations, sharing knowledge of flowering chestnut sprouts with researchers. or volunteer labor. Private chestnut interest groups are forming in a number of states. The American Chestnut Foundation is an ideal organization 10 coordinate the activities of private groups and individuals. The Foundation's scientific steering committee is comprised of leading chestnut researchers and other scientific authorities. It advises and guides research conducted by the Foundation and associated cooperators. Private groups may become state chapters of the Foundation and thereby become linked with the scientific community. In summary, there is still hope for returning the American chestnut to the forests of eastern Nonh America. An increasing number of scientists, private individuals, and organizations are working toward developing a blight-resistant native chestnut. Reforestation of our woodlands with American chestnut trees is a massive undertaking and will only be possible through the cooperation and coordination of all interested parties. Hopefully, the results will be positive, and some day in the future some of us will be able to sil under the "spreading chestnut tree." Dr. Scott £. Schlarbaum is Associate Professor of Forest Genetics in the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries of the Institute of Agriculture at the University o/Tennessee in Knoxville. He direc1s the UT Tree lmprovemem Program and is coordinating a project to develop blight-resistant American chestnuts suitable for resroration ill the Appalachian Mowuain bioregion. , AUTUMN-1988 �Dear friends, We have heard about you lhrough friends and want to supparc your effortS at b1oregional enlightmcnt. We have a small family dairy with 25 cows, hogs, sheep, poultry, etc. on a 200 acre hill farm 20 miles north or Roanoke. We can spare you about 200 lbs of milk (translated mto monetary donation). Send us a few back issues if you have them. Lei us know when you need more. Many thanks for your effons. DRUMMING LETTE RS TO K ATUAH John & Linda Thornton Fincastle. Virginia Dear Friends, Dear KOJUah, A friend gave me a copy of Summer '&8 issue a few days ago. I read through ii with delight I've lived here 12 years loving these mountains while watching lhe desolation, which is gelling out or hand and going really rast It is good 10 see a journal which represents other, of a concern similar 10 my own. I feel less alone in my panicular facets or appreciation for this mOSt beautiful area of USNearlh ..•The change going on here is best expressed by announcers a1 monster IJUCk rallies when a big-wheel pick-up is crushing a line of cars, "The dcs11Uc1ion is awesome.• 1 enclose a donation 1ow3tds encouraging your efforts, and would love 10 panicipaie along the way in whatever capacity possible. I can write readably. and my heart is with you. T. J. Northington Spana, North Carolina Dear Friends, David Wheelers article, '"The Tracks or lhe Panther" is so incredibly beautifulIt was also very informative and inspiring. There is enough motivation and human power tO bring this wilderness corridor into reality' With just a handful or advocates locrucd lhrooghou1 lhe ll1C8 or the proposed corridor, interest can be drawn from local Audubon chapterS. Sierra Clubs. etc. I remember my first trip along the parkway and thoughts of what it could be like if moose, cllc, bear and wolves still remained. I remember the sadness of knowing they were gone. I beheved they could never return. What a gin Jamie Saycn has given us by focusing his energy and developing the PAW plan! And how fonunate we are to have KOJUllh to bring us the news! The PAW plan is so WORTllY of our aucnuonl WE can mnke a positive 1mpac1 on the ecology unlike anything that h:is been done to dale in lhe United StateS. Dear Friends at Ka11'ah, Blessings! Thanks so much for your wisdom and time on the phone (in helping to form a bioregiofllll journaJ for the Adirondack area). We are making some solid contaCtS with wrilCrS, graphic artists. and others who are encouraging us on to do this thing and are iniercslCd 1n participating. The crv.ies1 "chance• meetings cum out to be the most fruitful of all. We had spoken about lhe boundaries of this region - n's huge! The Adirondack Biorcgional Province (according 10 a map in the old RAJNBOOK) prcuy much follows the boundaries of the Adirondack Parle - 6 million acres! Needless to say, we llunlc that we can best get a clear image of the many ecosystems here if we divide this massive area into 4 to 6 (or more) sections, and in the first issue ask in1crcs1ed persons in each section tO connect with us - they can 1C3d us on an exploration of their particular sections - one fca1ured in each successive issue. How does 1ha1 look to you? Comments and advice are apprcciar.cdl I'll just enclose what we have so far. We'd love lO be able IO share Our copy of Ka1Uah with folks. but i1 is bccom ing dog-eared, ecc. Tt's in our collection or newsleu.ers that we are using as "texcbooks". If you could find some exlt3S, we would be happy IO help with a dona1ion 10 cover eos1 or postage and retail value of copies! (And, of course, to suppan your efforts there, a bil more green). A friend se1 up a barter for us: If I do a particular Indy's gardening, she will do our initial layout design! Tnlce care, Mamie and all! We respect you, KOJtlah! With Warmth! Joyce Vanselow Box 12 Riparius, New Yort 12862 With love, cxci1emcn1 and e1emal gratitude, Frank Trombeua HendCtSOnv1llc, North Carolina Dear KOJuah, ...Thanks. Your journal moved me, as a native or Kaniah now displxed to ScauJc. Clair Englander KATUAH - page 24 ...Found a copy of Kotuah Journal at the Appalachian Trail shelter on Wild Cat Mountain· near the Fish Hatchery - and near Camp Cherokee ...enjoying iL Beuy M Gore Dec!l1ur, Georgia Today I received your complimentary issue and I'd like to thank you very much for it When I saw 11 a1 the Black Mountain Festival, I knew it was for me. At present, I'm unable to send the SIO, but once I'm employed again 1 plan 10 subscribe. A li1Lle while ago a friend called to say he h:id mailed in a subscription in my name. Now, once I can afford it, I'll order one or your great tee shins. The day after returning from the festival, and after having !'CM your Spring issue. I h:id an asunl experience which I'd like to share with you and perhaps you could shed ligh1'as to lhe meaning for me. I was above the festival s11e and saw ii all - sky, mounUlins, meadow, ring of tents and pand; with 4 hawk feathers in the sky a1 cardinal poincs. Superimposed on it all were the words "Wolf Medic me". I am carving all or this in what I call a medicine shield format. and once it's completed and painted, I'll send you a picture. l wonder whaL the signific~nce of Wolf medicine is. Any ideas from you or your re:idecs? Thanks, Kicran Crunficld 412 ML View Valdese, North Carolina 28690 .. .I enjoy taking my newborn (well. actually he's 3 months old already) with me m the woods, and he looks around a1 the ll'CCS so w ide-eycd. He really loves the outdoors, and sometimes I will wonder, wow, if only you could see the Smokies, the wild rivers, the huge boulders, the trees, feel God's presence around you, way up on a mountain ...bul then I remember, my wife and I lived m Tennessee (Pigeon Forge) for four momh~ and we Jost everything we owned trying to survive up !here. I don'1 think I wilJ ever be able to live amongst the earth cathedrals of Kauiah, but I've kepi Philippians 4: 11 m my mind. I'm not t0ta.lly satisfied here in Texas, but I am doing wha1 I can. I've already planted 3 low chill apple trees on my 1/3 acre "farm", and I plan on using pcrmaculturc design principles throughout The beginnings of a Big Thickel/Texas pcrmacul1urc center, maybe? ... Peace and light, Jorge Vcl4zqu.e1 Rt 5, Box 86-D Cleveland, Teus 77327 AUTUMN - 1988 �Drawing by Rob Messick Dear Friends, I am a member or the Prison Opposi1ion Commiucc. We arc b:mling a prison the Arkansas S1:1te Boord of Corrections says lhcy wall build in our unique comer or the Ozarks. And we say they will not. We have over 3,000 sign31WCS on petiuons. At our last meeting, a mM named Ray Waus stood up and told how his grc:it. great-grandfather was born on the Trail of Tt3rs. He s:tid th:lt 300 Indians had died at a place called Lukcy Springs (obou1 three miles rrom my home). The TraiJ or Tears runs very, very near the proposed prison Sile. That night I was reading. I heard a rhythm--rain1ly at first, becoming louder--and then I "hc:ud" the words or the enclo.~ poem. As I Slit up lO get pen and pencil, a presence "sat down" to my len. It wns very, very UUlgible. (I am part Cherokee.) I wrote down the poem. Later, as I do1.cd off, I felt my right arm being rruscd an the darkncss--qu1tc eerie. Then a voice spolcc through me--a hu.~ky voice, like a man's. It s«med to me that a lot or time posscd-but my husband ~id u was only a liuJe while. •r had spoken of being "lost..los1..I had II()( died a Warnor's death. I had come to join in this new battle"." Yesterday we traveled over a portion or the Military Road--a part or the Trail or Tears. I saw Lukcy Sprin~. A little further along the road, I was led" into the woods. There I saw a faint impression in the earth - lhc old trail. Then I "heard" them again. I s:it on the ground. They said again, ·we did 1101 die a Warrior's death. When these leaves fall ... we will return .•." This autumn will mark the 150th "birthday" of the Trail or Tears. I sec this as a Vasioo Quc.~1! I intend to record mote or Ray W:m's stories and legends handed down in ha~ family • and I m1end to record the Voices of my people ti they ~to/through me. Arc you interested an my journal as I ltllvel along? Sincerely. Barbara Ellet Dail AUTUMN- I TRAIL OF TEARS A NEW PROTEST Our only mark a wind thaJ blows Upon our heads a thousand snows..... Ow only tears rain on the hills And the sobbing song ofthe wluppoonvil/s. YOU asked for the stOry of \lo hy I spc:ik about pcsticulcs. II is a question I have :l'kcd m>-sclf, because I would rather enjoy the farm quaclly or speak of the oneness or hfc. Several years ago I be&311 to conuic1 App31achian Power Comp:111y and slalC agencies 10 protect myself from p.!Sl!Cide exposure. I had had severe allergic reacuons to chcmicols and several years or health proi.tems• .,,,hich have healed 'The scns1tiv11y I ha'e now IO chemicals simply alcns me to theu presence tn the air. Often .,,, hen there LS pc.~ticulc an the air. 311d v3por from it docs get in the air, I hc.y others speak or symptoms which I know can be tnggcrcd by indirect pesticide exposure. I ~'peel that many people without recognizing at are nffcclCd to some degree by chemicals. Sance Uiey are a stress to the immune system, I wond.:r what wall be the long term consequences to children growing up in the midst of chemical use. And how much wall our environment absorb? I speak of my concern while knowing that symptoms reflect something deeper. Three umes I was accidenlly SPtayed in public places with herbicide or insecticide.and I think about the weeds and insects that arc labelled pc~ts ond lulled. And about lhc animals on which these chemicals arc tested. The language of public agencies IS facts and figures. a different language from that which Earth and its fauna and flora speak, but one which I have learned out of my experience. So I speak of facts and figures, though they arc but one level of a multi-leveled truth . Thanks to Ka1Uah for speaking so beautifully ol the mtcr-coonectedocss oC all life. Sincerely, Nancy Barnhardt ML Airy, Virginia Now peacefully we lie at resr Here in the Ozarks' Stoney brea.rt. In life we could not wulerstand Why we were driven across the land And now we hear, not even death Can save us from the white man's breath, For still he gives the loud commands Thal drove us once across srrange lands. He comes now ro disturb our sleep Where cedar glades a vigil keep. Hear us now. We will not go For on our heads a thousand snows. Hear us now. \Ve will not bend To the white mllll's ways again. Three Juuulred strong, a mighty ba11d To keep the wltire man from the land. They cannot build a prison here; Where live men like the the dead appear. Hear us now. We will not go. Hear us now. We rel/ you so. We waJJc these hills on ~ery wind. Great Spirit is a mighty friend. -Barbara Eller Dail Noncy has now moved to the Chapel Ifill, North Corolino area (Uwharria bioregional pro11inet} where she will be working as on tnvironmtntal lobbyist. Dc:it Kailiah friends, The issues you are dealing with are criucal for our continued CJtistcncc. Being a member of the Baha'i Faith and having Cherokee heritage makes me even more concerned about ha.rmony with nature and my fellow humans. Some Baha'i friends arid I arc in the planning stages of cstabli.~hing a Lcaming/Hcalmg center which v.oold work 10ward the uni[)' ol the healing .u and education methods. Therefore I would be very intcrcSIC.d m any Ulfornutioo or contacts )'OU may ha\'C in this area. I am especially inLCreSICd in knowing more about herbal n:mcdics such as those prescnlt.d by Carolyn Pon. I would v.-clcome the opportUn11y 10 meet with you to discuss some of our mulllal concerns and goals. I li\'C near the headwaters of the Clillch Raver. What do you know about this area (the Clinch Valley) being sacred tem1ory 10 the OlcroL.ccs? I am looking forward to heanng from you. Warmest Greetings, Oint Dye P.O. Box 55 Swords Creek, Virginia 24CH9 KATU AH - page 25 �(nruural) - no electne, no plumbing, and the liule DRUMMING continued from p. 25 wildlife people feel OK hete. Ka11lah editor: I really connected IO the concepis of your journal and your goals. as expressed in Earth First! (February issue, •Reviews"). all.ho' I myself see us as passed beyond the point of choosing qwtlity life stand:uds or not, for living beings. I feel humans have destroyed (and are destroying) so much of our basic life-support needs - air, watctS, soils- that we may only have a choice of octivating NOW IO save what's left., or simply become extinct in I.he very near fuuue. I've been trying IO "live on I.he land"hcre since 1978, doing a "half-passed" Job of it-still connected much IOO much IO machine age things. I'm trying now IO deepen my own dctcm1inalion, woit MUCH harder, sleep less. quit wasting time on any unnecessary things, and become much more self-suflicicnL Cutting off from machine age life 100% is my goo.I. I want IO produce all my own food and drinking water. finish the rock walls for this old home, can all the summer fruit here, and so on. I've kept my place very primitive Anyhow. I wnnt to offer you info of I.he suppon system that has enabled me to deal wilh never-ending stvere problems as natural world meets machine age. I refer to Nichircn Shoshu, Buddhist World Peace MovcmcnL Here's our chant: "NAM-MYOHO-RENGE-KYO" and we chJnt LO a small scroll called "Gohonzon" on which is inscribed concepts of universal enlightenmenL Due to I.he miserable schedule of my city job, I feared I'd not get my nightly chanting done last nighL I figured I'd fall asleep, after nighis of home-coming al midnight and 1:20 am, so I've been chanting how I'd stay awake. Sure enough, after some chanting. I dozed off last night. I woke up. but I jus1 would not get up, laying there, thinking of all the urgent things, but NOT MOVING. Then I heard "Thump. Thump." an odd noise ..?? I guessed what it was and jumped up. It was BAD KiUy, go1 in I.he cupboard, got my Swiss cheese, and was banging it on the floor to break off bites. It was chanting that brought Kiuy into the cabinet of food: the only lhing lh31 would get me up, without being dreadful, like a fire or such. I've chanted for Glady, murdered bear, that she returns to happier new life. Here's a grc:it phJ'Mc Crom our teacher, wriucn by Miao-lo, great Buddhist teacher of India: •A plant., a uee, a pebble, a speck of dust, each has innate Buddha D3turc, along with the other causes and conditions needed t0 auain Buddhahood." I hope you people there may only try this chanting 10 bring many bencliis to your own fine work. To locate members in your area, contact: Nichercn Shisher Community, 4603 Eastern Avenue. Mt. Ranier. Maryland 20712. (301) 779-3255. Sincerely, Janice Blise A Katuah reader in Knoxville, TN sends this flier that was being distributed there by you11g people in punk auire. ROOFING FOR AUNT PEARL "They want met' move I' town," bent over her cane and squinting up at me covered with stop-leak and tar, holding hot rolled roof, "but a told 'em: her palsied hand's finger pointing to the soil, "that I'm Cold Knob born. Cold Knob bred, 'n' when I die, by God, I'm gonna be Cold Knob dead.· KNOXVILLE PUNKS GO ECO ... - Bob Henry Baber Dear Kataah, Just wan1ed to write in and say how much I appreciate the efforts of those wildlife officers who for three years have !>een looking into the bear pooching here tn these mountains. h was very courageous of those folks to do that. . .You know t~ey were really laying their hvcs on the hne in some cases. So I think they deserve a special thanks from all of us who want to see the bears survive here. I hope the coun has the sense to follow through in adequate punishment of the people who were poaching. It doesn't do much good to do all that work and then have them not be strongly punished. The bears are having a hard enough time dealing with this drought. They don't need co be having to deal with all the threat of poaching as well. MAKE TH M PAY PLUG UP A MAGH1NE TODAY ! Sincerely, M. L. Lewis Let Ille Military-Industrial Complex Beware! �Medicine- .Allies ful I color T- sfJirts REVIEW Where Legends Live: A Pictorial Guide to Cherokee Mythic Places by Douglas A. Rossman (Cherokee Publications; Cherokee, NC), 1988 If you are enchanted by the colorful, moving myths ana legends of the Cherokee .... .if the skin along your neck crawls at the thought of Utluhtu, the Spearfinger, snaring the livers of unsuspecting victims.....if you have feared the giant serpent Uktena, bearing the blinding crystal Uluhsati on its head, luring even the greatest warriors to their death .. ... then you have also wondered about the dwelling- and haunting-places of these great creatures of myth. Where Legends Live, by frequent Kati1ah comributor Douglas A. Rossman, will provide you with a glimpse of those places. Black-and-while photographs depict the actual geographic locations of sites: from Gahudi ("the finding place"). where the great Uktena met its demise; to the various dwelling-places and council houses of the Nuhnehi ("those who have always been here"); to Uguh-yi, "the place behind the water," where Thunder Beings lived. Lovely stippled illustrations by Nancy-Lou Patterson bring alive the text. Where Legends Uve is the perfect companion 10 Cherokee myths and legends recorded by historians, ethnologists, and other writers. If you dare to view the land of the g.reat Uktena, Rossman's book is for you. In ths traditional Cherokee Indian belief. the .cr~~turss in the world today ars only dlmmultlve forms of the mythic beings who once inhabited ths world, but who now reside in Galuna'ti, ths spirit world, the highest heaven. But a tsw of ths original powers broke through ths spiritual barrier and exist yet in the world as ws know it. These beings are called with reverence •grandfathers•. And of thsm, the strongest ars Kanatt, the lightning, the power of the sky; Utsa'natl, ths rattlesnake. who personifies the power of the earth plane; and Yunwi USdi, "the little man·. as ginseng ls called m the sacred ceremonies, who draws up power from the underworld. Each is the strongest power in its own domain. Together they ars allies: their energies complement each other to form an even greater power. As medicine a/Iles, they represent the healing powers of the Appalachian Mountains. The medicine powers of Katuah have been depicted in a striking T-shirt design by lb~y Kenna. Printed in 5-color silkscreen by Ridgerunner Naturals on top quality, all-cotton shirts, they are available now in all aduh sizes through the Kalanu bioreglonal mail-order suppUsr. Order shirts from: KAl.ANU Box 282; Sylva, NC Katuah Province 28779 Please specify size: Sm., Med., Lg., X·Lg. KRLRNU BI OREG I ONRL BOOKS ANO TOOLS FOR LIU I NG IN RPPRLRCHIR •The Education or LitUe Tree • by Forrest Olster A boy ltarllS oboUI lift from his Chtrok.te gra11dpam11s ON! 1ht surrounding hills. A story full of wisdom and love tlwt will one day be recognized as a lilerary classic. • S11.00 • Myths and Sacred Fonnulas or the Cherokee • collected by J31ncs Mooney A jollnlty through time and the Appalachian mythic lond.scap<!. - S15.00 • The French Brood • by Wilma Dykem311 A rousing history of the French Broad River wotershtd.full offaCJs and tht spirit of the mountainS. • SI0.00 • Strangers in High Places - by Michael Frome Tht story of 1/te Great Smoky Mountains and tht creation of a national park. • $9.50 • Landscaping with Native Plants - by Cordelia Penn Creating nmural londscQ/XS iJr ti~ eascernfores1 lands. • S7.00 • Where Legends Live - by Douglas Rossman A geography of Cherokee myth. · S5.00 All prices include posmge. - Kim Sandland P~ add 5% sales w IO iolal. Order from: KRLRNU P. 0. Box 282; Sylva, NC Kamah Province 28789 WATER PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT SO LAR PROOUCTS Member NC Wa1 Ouahly Assoc1auo11 er HWY 107 RANDA LL C LANIER RT. 68 BOX 125 704-293-59 12 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 .~·~ !> ~if."'~: Natural Food Store & Deli All 1101urol 160 8I080W1ly Ash9Yllle, NC 28801 · '.ll·1fiune- Cmm1..._ 1 Ht,,.x l.J.Jc., L .· ~n.;.au. Clary S.1gc. and more .lir.lf,,;.,.. /re~ cota109ue ,.,. ~ Bluebird Botanlcalt ~ ·oJ~ao.G.r> p 0 Bo• 1271 ~. . .;"'. 'J.~~·, fr~nkkn NC 211734 ~/ ~ ~ &rbdra R,;m,•n,nyder PhD ~, ~~-- t.... AUTUMN - 1988 ' Where l!lroadwly ~ Mlrrtmon Aw &1-240 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK SCOTT BIRD GREGBLAO( (704) 683-1414 fl8M795 Monday.S.urct.y: 9am·8pm Sunday: 1pm-5pn (704) 253-7656 KATUAH - page 27 �"A Cosby farmer used a hollow chestmn tree as a barn for a pig and a cow." JOURNEY • Dr. Frank W. Woods (University of Tennessee) 1. Gm wl.ncrel! IJear my &~ c:rown Slt h1.9h on my throne X.now the trees CGU ••• CaU ••• TauntLnlj ~out of my sf«p ... wa!.A. There·s sGfety ln the Jtock. B1.1t you Gre Q Coner too _.tnd, Q WQtc:fiu 1.mpotlult to tclL IJhere hGve you &ecn, c:row? you C:Qn trovd ln GU wortds Swoop down Qnd. r~ See lhroUCJh my CtJCS !he c:unnlruJ X.now my cfarrt.ness What CQn you. open wlth my beart.? l.lhat c:Gn you CJrGsp wlth my tciC.ons? Caw ••• C11W ••• n~ c:row splrlt f i.qflts the Ctil.Je Ctever down. you survwe t see throucfo your eyes the c:unnln9 1. &eco~ one wllh the c:row Thro"'Jh the c:rGclt. Ln the stone S!lp down journey deep l.n f t!Ajht n~ c:row Ln the nxu! p Lcrt.s at my m l.nd. 1.t dears the splrLt. wGy kle l.f"Gvet far ln c:a!t Wortds Author Lorna Thornborough stOJlding by a c~.ftnut giant in the I920's (continued from page S) The Last Rites We neec! to rleClt our hurts now Put our [lves ln order I? now We neel! to say what we m&Gn to stly and. pray for9we anci CJlve get Cuctd now Our [lves fttl5h &efore our eyes The o[c( ways Ifie I.le Gre rec1m1~"'9 the Ca~t nuis from Crow Woman Dreaming -poems by Colleen (Self-published), 1988 Redman Eight pages, available for $5.00--or trnde--plus postage from Colleen Redman; P.O. Box 634; Floyd, VA 24091. , KA TUAH • page 28 depressions in the bark with small orange bumps protruding from them. The can.kers grew through lhe phloem, to the cambium, and into the rree's xylem layer, eventually girdling the tree. By 1910 the blight had spread acf?SS New York and New Jersey and was moving nonh into Massachusetts. It had previously been spotted in locations in Pennsylvania. Already the blight had damaged millions of magnificent trees, and scientists knew that they were faced with an epidemic. Pennsylvania made the only attempt to stop the spread of the blig.ht. In 11 _1he state gathered a team of enunent sc1en11sts and spent $500,000 on their effons. bu~ to no avail. The blight continued on, mov.mg inexorably southward • almost 25 miles each year - through the valuable chestnut stands. By 1938 F.H. Milh:r, park forester in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, announced that 'Tully 85% of the chestnul in the Park has been killed or affecied by the blight." Undamage~ tree~ we.re found, p:micularly at 1he higher clevauons, even laie into the I 940's. but eventually v1nually all of them succumbed to the invader. An estim:ued 3.5 billion Castanea trees wllhered to the ground. The mighiy chestnut was vanquished. A mainstay of Appalachi:m economic life was lost v. ith the demise of the American chestnut, as well as an important source of sustenance for mountain families. But unquestionably it was the fore:.t wildlife that was hardest hit by the loss of this gre~t tree. No one was mrudng wildlife surveys m the early J900's, but it was apparent to any hunter lhat the loss of the chestnut severely curtailed the populations of several species of Appalachian wildlife. Black bears and wild turkeys were particularly threatened. Between the loss of the dependable fall chestnut mast crop and the inroads of over-hunting, both those species were almost eliminated from the Southern Appalachians. The chestnut tree is not entirely extinct but ll has been banished into a strang~ limbo. Root systems still live underground, and they still send up sprouts that in some places have become an imponam understory shrub. But ~fore ~e young saplings can reach matunty, their bark cracks, the typical cankers appea;. and the small trees are soon dead. W11hout leaves to suppon them, the chestnut roots arc slowly losing their vigor under~round. Few of the saplings reach nut-beanng age. and large chestnut trees surviving above ground are very, very few. . But isolated trees do survive. and through the work o~ sc~cnce pas_!onately s applied and sheer f:ulh in the resiliency ot the chestnut, hope for the former forest giant i~ grov. ing. A concerted effort on the pa.rt of a large number of aware volunteers could undo the damage we have done a~d restore the American chestnut tree to us naturnl habitat in Appalachia. "Where there be mountains, be there clte.wiuus once again!" AlJTUMN • 1988 �Young People's Page !\ature is a book with a lesson for each day. Before man This is where the animals roamed looking for prey. This is where the flowers grew making the valley be:iutiful. Then came man • I le destroyed the animal ' homes. I le killed 1he aninlats. I le polluted the air: and water. Man has done wrong. It is up to u. to correct htm. - M:itt Ghonnley Clnldrcn, running through the fields, Leaves. rustling through the winds. The sight of n:itun: make-. me h:ippy. But the iliought of nature m3kes me radiant. - Steve Yazdik - Kamari Venable As the cricket checpi; And the jays say goO<lnight To one another, I wonder "hy we must Destroy this world Which we do not own, But nrc pennincd to borrow. 'I'ake your problems to lhe mountains Ami ask for help. Your problems may be solveu. If you le:lrn how to listen. - Brittany Hop~ns . Wan.song lfarley Nature is talking to us. Some people have coough patience To listen to what it.says. The future can be changed If only we i.top to listen. - Suzanne Schenley - B:irbara Miller If every man had the chance to sit alone by a river. he may think twice what he does. - Amy Jones Thanks ro Amy Cogan ar Grear Smoky Wo11111ain Envimnmenral Education ln.srimre ar TrefTll)nt, locared in rile Grear Smnky Mo1111rui11 Nminnal Park. Drawing by Rob Messick AUTUMN- 1988 KATUAH ·page 29 �Helping Injured W ildlife Each year many injured or orphaned wild animals and birds of prey are brought in from the woods. The Western North Carolina Nature Center received over 600 creatures, mostly raptors, requiring assistance last year. Yet there arc few wildlife rchabilitators who have the necessary permits from the US Depanment of the Interior and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission to care for the distressed individuals. Wildlife rchabilitators house, feed, and exercise the disabled birds and animals, and then introduce them to prey so that they can again fend for themselves. Presently, the few wildJife rehabilitators in the region are overburdened and cannot possibly keep up with the number of creatures in trouble that are constantly brought in. Clyde Hollifield, a wildlife rchabilitator from Old Fon, NC has conceived of a program to help bird and animal fanciers to become licensed rehabilitators. Working with the Western Nonh Carolina Nature Center, Clyde is organizing a series of night courses on rehabilitation skills: feeding, handling, observing and diagnosing bird and animal ailments, and emergency first aid. No experience or technical skills are required, just a desire and a commitment to help wildlife. Rehabilitators are volunteers who, though they receive no pay, gain deep satisfaction from their work. Being a wildJife rehabilitator requires dedication, but it can rake up as little rime as the practitioner desires. "Even keeping and releasing one bird per yeru- is a great help, .. says Clyde. "Every creature is important. Each bird that flies away is a valuable addition to the gene pool, and means many generations of offspring later on down the line. "Even if there were just 10 or 20 more rehabilitators in the area, that would be a great help." Those who would like to register for wildlife rehabilitator training classes or would like more information about the program, write or call Clyde Hollifield, 355 Cedar Creek Rd.; Black Mounrnin, NC 28711; (704) 669-6821. Call for Presentations lmernational Conference on Parkways, Greenways, Riverways The Steering Committee of the l111ulllJ(ional Con[erenu on Parkways. Greenways. Riverways;: The Way More Beouiifu/, to be held Sept.ember 19-22, 1989 in Asheville, North Carolina. invites your proposals flll' prcsenutions. An intemntional gathering of presenters is being sought to represem diverse areas as they relate to parkways, greenways and riverways--their conceptual foundations, their design and construction, and the roles they may piny in our future. Suggested topic areas include multi-governmental cooperation in the jurisdiction of, psychologic:il importance or. and habit.at preservation and the development of parkways, grecnways. and rivcrwnys. The Conference is intended to provide a forum for di31ogue and discussion. Presentations can be in the form or papers, panel discussions, films, videotapes, workshops, case studies. artistic interpretations. etc. Abstracts of presentations should be submitted in narrative form, no longer than two pages, and include presenter's name, institutional/organizational affiJiation, address, and ielephone number, and the title and description of the proposed presentation. DEADLINE FOR RECEIVlNG ABSTRACTS IS DECEMBER 1, 1988. AbstmclS or inquiries should be din!clCd to: Dr. Barry Buxton Appalachilln Consortium University Hall Boone. North Carolina 28608 (704) 262-2064 The Confetenee is sponsored by The Appalachian Consortium, The Blue Ridge Parkway, The River Foundation, The Lyndhurst Foundation, and the National Parlt Service. For additional ideas and inforl'll(llion, co111ae1 Kallinh co-editor Marnie Mu.lier who is a member of the Steering Committu. New River Symposium The New River Gorge National River, a unit of the National Park System in West Virginia., and lhe New River Slllte Parle in North Carolina arc again co-sponsoring the New River Symposium. The eighth annual throe-day symposium, scheduled for April 20-22, 1989. will be held in Radford, Virginia. The multi-disciplinary symposium is open to all those with a professional or avocational interest in the New River, which courses from itS headwaters in North Carolina through Virginia. to itS terminus in West Virginia. a disUlllce of approximately 250 miles. Papers for the symposium are being requested in natural and/or cultural history, folklore, :uchocology, geography, other na.1ur:il. physical. and social sciences, and the humaniLies. All papers should share Lhese common 1hcmes or the interrelationships of the natural, physical, and/or human environmenlS. In order for proposals to be considerod they must be received NO LATER THAN DECEMBER I, 198g and include a 250-400 word nbstrnct which will be reviewed by a panel of professionals. All proposals should be sent Lo the Chief of lnterpret.ation, Nationnl Park Service, New River Gorge National River, P.O. Box I 189. 03k Rill, West Virginia 2590 I. Questions C11D be answered by calling Parlt Headquarters at (3~) 465-0508. ~ T·SHIRTS, SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN 15 ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS EACH COLORFUL IIDHGN It; PRIN'lED ON Q.UALI'IY T' s Ai<D SWEA'fS �PLA NT A L ITTLE MAGIC Cullivating Communities In the Garden Amuica11 Community Garde11111g Association Conftwire · October 17-20. 1988 • Ask•·tllt,NC All o•cr lhc: country people arc working LOgcther io 1t:1nsrorm open, unu~ space mio viable community gardens. A communtty garden is made up or people, young and old. who appreciate the beauty of growing vegclllblcs and nowers and cultivating communities. Mountain ~ Gardeners in Communtty (MAGIC) (sec Katuah Journal, Spnng '86) has been developing twelve community gardens in Asheville, Nonh Carolina for the past six years. This fall, on October 17·20. 19118, MAGIC will host the American Community Gardening A-~soci:uion's (ACGA) annual conference.This will be a special opponunity for area residents to learn how alive community gnrdening really 1s--around the country. Formed in 1979. ACGA now has 600 members nationwide who suppon the greening or cilies and the building or communities through community gardcrung. Community garden supporters from all over lhc: country and parts or Canada will be imending and MAGIC would like to cxitnd a direct invitation to area residents 10 JOin m the events. The conference will provide a full schedule of acuvities including round ublc discussions. workshops, a trade fair, a BBQ/square dance and a umc for networking. The conference. to be held at the Quality Inn on the Plaza m downtown Asheville, will begin at 9:00 am Mond3y with the kcynot.c address by Jeff Bcn:uvit.Z, direct()( of the RcgcncrJuon PtOJeCt, Rodale Press. The Rcgcncrauon Project is pioneering an innovative rippro~h to community revilllli:r.ation by focussing on the living cn'·ironmcnt and sll'Cngthening local economic.~. Jeff Bcrcuv1l7 will provide pmctiail mformauon or value to groups working on de•cloping and strengthening communities. Workshops will be oHcrcd lrom 9 am 10 4 pm on Monday and Tuc.o;diy and 9 am to noon on Thursday. A lot:JI of 26 workshops will cover a wide range or topics, mcludmg sclf·help gardening programs, gardening with children, new village gardening in Mexico, recycling, and a homculturc therapy panel. The trade fair will run all d3y Tuesday nnd w11J feature ci1h1bits showing n:iuonal, rcgionnl and locul products that provide sarcr, more effccuvc gardening. Wednesday IS traveling d3y ror conferees. featuring vi,1ts to MAGICs garden .sites, a trip up to Cr:iggy G31d.:ns. and a BBQ/square dJncc at the Warren Wilson campus. The conference fees are SIOO for ACGA members and Sl50 for non· mcmbel'!. A·la·carte sclccuons of S35 for a full d3y or work.shops. S20 for the BBQ/sqlWC cbncc and SIO for the g:udcn tour arc offered. If you arc int.c~•tcd in attending or helping with the conrercncc, contact Tom Youngblood·~tctliCll at (704) 251-5666. • Kartn Morgan Herbal Wisdom WorlL<Jiops and I k1b:tl Products Send for Brochure Cyndi llcath Route 2 Box 251 Vala.~. NC 28692 The Second Annua l NEW PRIORITIES CONFERENCE The Ka11iah Journal again joins with a number of other organizations in the area to co-sponsor the annual New Priorities Conference o n Peace, Social Justice and the Environment. The theme for this second annual event is "Wake Up and Dream!" The conference will begin at 8 pm Fnday eve, September 23, with musical entertainment and will then continue all day Saturday, September 24. All activities will be held at Asheville lligh School in Asheville, Nonh Carolina. Registration begins at 8:00 am on Saturday with the opening plenary at 8:45 Keynote speaker will be Alan Gussow, national president of Friends of the Earth, who was enthusiastically received last year as one of the main speakers. Afterwards the morning workshops will offer ideas, skills, and tools needed for turning community "dreams" into reality. There will be two concurrent sessions in each of these subject areas: 1) Mediation/active listening/conflict resolution; 2) Community building; 3) Hope and empowennent/ dealing with change; 4) Earth awareness; and 5) Creative parenting/ non-violent lifestyles. For the session on Earth awareness. K acuali co-editor Marnie Muller, Kay Littlejohn, nauve Cherokee, and Paul Gallimore of Long Branch Environmental Education Center will jointly present a workshop entitled "The Earth is Alive: Living Withi n the Community of Life Systems." Drawing from the bioregional work of Thomas Berry, from contemporary biological and ecological findings, and from native traditions. they will lead a discussion on how to perceive, work with, and celebrate the ecological life processes in which we are immersed. rn the afternoon workshops trained facilitators will assist a dynamic coalescing of "dreaming" and strategizing by conference participants. Using the skills and ideas fro m the morning session. participants will have the opportunity to envision together and share their personal "community dreams," and then to develop positive "next steps" for individual and group actions. The closing plenary, which will conclude at 4:30 pm, will be a time for the afternoon groups to summarize and share the outcome of their workshops and to acknowledge their ongoing capacity to wake up and dream together during the coming year. Conference costs will be held at a minimum to encour:!ge as broad a participation as possible. Fee for Saturday will be $8 to $12. depending on preregistration and lunch options. Scholarships and group rates are also available. Childcare will be available for children ages 3-10. The fee will be $2 per child for the day. The Friday evening musical event will be offered on a donation basis. Volunteers to help with conference prepnration and publicity are needed. For more details regarding this imponanl event, call (704) 252-3036. Now available... A B ioregional Bibliography lis1ing major bon/c.s, periodicals a~ articles associa.1ed w!th 1/ze bioregio11al effort. An e.xcel/em wot f~r a: 11111s1s, scli'!ta;s. /1~rari~s, a~d 1e.acl1ers. Compiled by 1/ze Hudson 81oreg1onal Counc1/, in con1unc11on wuh 1he North American Bwregional Congress. /11c/U/k$ co1111tnit11J Jub/1J1J11g1, 46 pages. S4 00 111clu.ks po11agt. Carh or chr:ck (payabk 10 K. Salt). llwdw11 81oreg111nal CoW1C1/ clo 1\1,kSalt, I 13 W. //th S1 .. New. Yor.l. NY 10011. DESIGNS by Hob :-. tcssick lllustrnt1on & Dcs1~n In Pen & Ink and Colored Pcncll t!lti11ese ,At11p1111ct11re ut .Her/J11'41v e!iHk 11U.STCKSNJTSllCliT ASKVUl'....CZllOI IOU~toll AUTUMN· 1988 KATUAH ·page 31 �eveors ON-GOI NG • CULLOWllEE, NC "Mountain Troul" • exltibi1 wi1h prints, painungs, pholOS, sculplure, rceM!ings of old fishermen, and aquarium wilh live rrouL 8-5 Mon.·Fri., 12-4 Sal. al The MounUlin Het1U1ge Center. WesLCrn Carolina Universily, Cullowhee, NC 28723. SEPTEMBER 17-18 HARRISONBURG, VA "Restoring Wilderness in the East: A Deep Ecology Perspective" conference featuring Dave Foreman (Earth First!), Gary Lawless (Gulf of Maine Bioregion), Jamie Sayen (PAW), Barbara Dugelby (Earth First!), David Wheeler (Katuah). Sponsored by Virginia Earth First! and Virginians for Wilderness; co-sponsored by Kau1ah. At James Madison University in Harrisonburg. Registration: $10 advance, SIS at door. For more info: write VA EFI; Route 1, Box 250; Staunton, VA 24401 or call (703) 885 6983. OCTOBER 8·9 CHEROKIEE, NC 'The An of Troy Anderson (wescem Cherokee) and Shan Goshorn (eastern Cherokee)." Cherokee Hericage Museum and Gnllcry; Cherokee, NC 28719. LO 1-31 MARS HfLL, NC The Bascom Lamar Lundsford Mountain Music and Dance Festival. Mounuun crafts and mounUlin living CllhibiLions. music, stories, dancing. Evening concert. 7 pm. For more info .. call (704)689-1228. 1-2 BRASSTOWN, NC Fall Music Fes1ival, John C. Campbell Folk School; Brosscown, NC 28902 2-14 VALLE CRUCIS, NC "The Great Mad Mother Earlh Pa.intings• • exhibiting lhe work of Marlene Mountain. Pan of "AesthcLic Access '88," privncc, non-<:ommcrcial ellh1b1tions at the Lowell Hayes Studio. Call for inviUltion: (704) 963·5835. CHEROKEE, NC Cherokee Fall Festival. Stickball, Indian dancing, cheslnut bread. exhibits. Ceremonial Grounds, Cherokee. 4-8 17-18 GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS "Wild Mammnls of !he Great Smokies" field instruction with Dr. Michael Pelton. $45. Smoley Mountain Field School: 20\6 Lake Ave.: Knoxville, 1N 37996. 17·18 RALEIGH, NC Eart.h Skills Workshop with Eustoce Conway. ConL3Cl Bern Grey Owl: 4 Winds Indian Score: W. Johnson SL (919) gs6-0144. 6-7 CHEROKEE, NC Shan Goshorn speaks about her anwork. Cherokee Heritage Museum and Gallery: Cherokee, NC 28719 CROSSNORE, NC Forest Watch Training Program. Forest management. wildlife, water qunh1y, CIC. $3 registrauon. Dorm space available: S!3/nigh1. Meals extra. Sponsored by Blue Ridge Group, Sierra Club. NEW MOON 13-30 ASHEVILLE, NC "Moumain Sweet Tallc." 2-act play by The Follccellers (Barbara Freeman, Connie Regan-Blake). The Follc Art Center, Blue Ridge Parkway. S8 advance at Malaprop's, SIO al door. For more info., write: The Folktcllcrs; Box 2898; Asheville, NC 28802. 14-16 BLACK MOUNTAINt NC "The Black Mountain Festival" - traditional music and dance, children's activities. The Merropolitnn Blues All-Stars, 0.K. Bayou Dance Band, The Heartbeats, Johnny Gimble, Claudia Schmidc, Lorraine Duiset (of Trapezoid), callers Fred Park and Sue DuPre. For the kids: Goldenrod Puppets, songs and stories with Susie Crace. Camping or bunks. $35/person. Pre-regiscer: Grey Eagle and Friends; P.O. Box 216; Black Mouncain, NC2871 I 14-16 HOT SPRINGS, NC "S1umbling Toward lhe Light" retreat wilh Bo and Siia Lozoff. $50. Southern Dharma Retreat Center; RL I, Box 34-H: Hot Springs. NC 28743. 15-16 ASHEVILLE, NC The Second Annual New Priorities Conference on Peace, Social Justice, and the Environment - beginning locally and reaching out. Keynote by Alan Gussow (president, Friends of the Eanh). Workshops, including "The Eanh Is Alive" with Marnie Muller, Kay Littlejohn, and Paul Gallimore. Pre-register by 9/16 to 725 Chunns Cove Rd.; Asheville, NC 28805. For more info, see p. 31 or call: (704) 252-3036 23·24 24-25 RALEIGH, NC Ear1h Skills Workshop, see CARTERSVILL E, GA Southeastern Indian Cullural Festival al Etowah Indian Mound. Largest gathering or SE Indian artisans ever assembled. Contacc Valerie Spratldn (404) 942-8917. ASHEVILLE, NC American Community Garden Association National Conference at Quality Inn. Speaker Jeff Bercuvitz (director, Regeneration Project), 9 am 10/17. Trade show, 10/18. Workshops. Registration: S!OO/members, $150/non-members. For more info., see p. 3 1 or call MAGIC (704)251-5666. 17-20 9/17-18. 2S FULL MOON 20.23 J0..10/2 HIGHLANDS, NC Men's ReucaL A special weekend for and about men. A lime or exploration and shnring led by Dr. Bill Sutton, psychologist. SIOO. Highlands Camp and Conference Centcr: 841 Highway 106: Hlghlllnds, NC 28741. KATUAH • page 32 HI GHLANDS, NC "Fall Landscape Workshop." pho1ography instruction by Sam Wang. App3lachian Environmenial Ans Center: Box 580: 28741 AlITUMN - 1988 �24-29 OAK Rll)GE, TN "Nuke Wa1eh opera1ion ai Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Components Plant. Con1ac1 Oak Ridge: Environmcnllll and Peace Alliance: Box I IOI: Knoxville, TN 37901 or call evenings al (615 l 588-9370. WA YNESVlLLE, NC Seminar. •A Theosophical Pcrspecu ve on Dath and Dying· with Belly Bland. Towald removing fear and anxiety lhrough under..1:111d1ng of Ille process S20 donation. Std-Llgh1. Sec 10/21-23. 19-20 BOONE. NC Earth Skills Workshop w11h Eusll!cc Conway. Conltlct Allem Smnlcy (704) 872-7972. ATHENS, GA Sandy Creek American Indian Pow-wow and Rendezvous. sponsored by Ille Native American Cul1ural Prc.scrva1ion Socie1y Adults: S4.00. Children, seniors: S2.00. For more info.• call An:hie Russ (615) 525--6769. 28-30 HELEN, CA "EARTHSKILLS WORKSHOP• with Snow Benr and Darry Wood. Learn pnm1uve skills 1ha1 1each mindfulness as well as dex1erity. Prc-rcgis1cr S65 10 Bob Slack; Unicoi Smte P..uk: Box 1029: Helen. GA 30545. Call (404) 1178-2201 30-11/11 VALLF. CRUCIS, NC "Thero: is a River·. Ille paintings of Lowell Hayes on exhibll as pan or "Aes1he1ic Accc.~s '88." See 10/2-14. 23-27 21-23 29 21-23 HOT SPRINGS, NC "In1roduction to Zen Meditation, lkebana. and the Tea Ccre:mony" with Dnimn K:ungiri-Roshi and Tomoe Kniagiri. Sou1hern Dhnrma, see 10/14-16. 21·23 YELLOW SPRINGS, 011 "Building Community as if 1he Earth Mauers• conference. Susan Meeker-Lowry. Bob Swann, Chris Weiss, speakers. Community Service, Inc.; P.O. Box 2423; Yellow Springs, OH 45387 (513) 767-2161. ASHEV ILLE, NC Candidates' Forum - Morie Colton and other candidlllcs for SUllC lcgislal.ive posillons will discuss the issues at a public meeung. Sponsored by WNC Alliance, WNC Environmental Summi1, \VENOCA SicJTa Club. Asheville High School, 7 pm. Call 258-8737 for more info. 21-24 31 SAMHAIN (ALL llALLO\\'S EVE) - Hnllowe'cn celebration. Gel out and howl! PISGAH FOREST, NC Rock Climbing Clinic for novu:es at Looking Glass Rock. Gilbert's Rock. ConUICt Eagle's Nest Camp: Rt. 2, Hart Rd.: Pisgah Forest. NC 28768 (704) 877-4213. 23 FULL MOON WAYNESVILLE, NC A Thanksg1V1ng Weekend Spiritual Retreat at Sul-Light with Ille Stil-Lighl staff. Contemplation, discus.~ion of diet and a non-violcni lifestyle. excellen1 vegetarian food. S20. Stil-Light Sec 10/21·23. DECEMBER 2-4 llOT SPRINGS, NC "Tibetan Buddhism. Traditional Melhods for Spirilual Growth" wllh lhc Ven. Tub1cn Pcndey (James Dougherty). "Each moment of our li~·es provides us with the potential for inner growth." Southern Dharma, sec 10/14-16. NOVEMBER :!2 MADISON COUNTY, NC County-wide recycling day. Cash for trash. Raise money for your group! Call Lou Z.cllcr (704) 656-2773 for de Lail.~. 9 HOT SPRINGS, NC "A Mystical Sabbath" - exploring the inner ways and practices of Ille Jewish lrodition wi1h ordained woman rabbi Lynn Oouheb. Soulhcm Dharma, see 10/14-16. 4-6 22-23 ATLANTA, GA Earth Skills Workshop with EusUlce Conway. Contac1 Jill Korn (404) 736-9573. 2.1 11-13 9 J.ULL MOON NEW MOON NEW MOON 18 FRANKLIN, NC "KJllU3h: The Spiritual Landscape• prcscnmtion by David Wheeler and Mamie Muller of Ille Katdah Journal. Meeting of the Mountrun Ligh1 Network. Macon County Community Center. 2 pm. For more mfo, call Marion McCracken (404) 746-2454. However... We hope you'll make plans Lo come to the '.K.atU.ah '.Fall PtcnLc Fall Weekend scheduled for Sept 30 - Oct 2 in Floyd County, Virginia WILL NOTTAKE PLACE due to unforeseen community-wide health problems there. We apologize for any disappointment or inconvenience but will look forward to the possibility of planning it for 1989. ·~ . AU'fUMN - 1988 .. 'if .(~•·:- which we have now scheduled for SATURDAY, OCT. 1st Full Directions: (They're simple, but lhey work.) Go to Bryson City, Norlh Carolina. Follow the signs to "Deep Creek Campground". Optional: Camping is available on a first come basis. The Campground ls pan of lhe National Park system. from 11 :00 am ti! 4:00 pm at Deep Creek Campground in I.he Great Smoky Mountains National Park (as usual). Potluck Lunch games. music, fun. bioregional sharing! Everyone Welcome! Pu::nic info: (704) 622-3430 or (704) 683-1414 Picnic info: (704)622-3430or (704) 683-1414 .. KATUAH ·page 33 ~ �DRUMS • Cus1am hnndcraft.ed ccr:unic dumbecks &: wooden mediclllC drums. Call Joe Roberts al (704) 258-1038 or write to: 73g Town Mount.:iin Rd. ; A.'hcvillc, !l/C 28804. "I'm now 111 a minimum security prison in Knoxville {my home town). r can get out Nov. I, if I find a job before that date. Docs anybody Jeno"' of any job opponunities in the Knoxville area?" Rick Whiu.aker 185670; 5225 Ballard Dr.; Knox\•ille, TN 37918. SMALL HOUSE on land trust in rural NC mountains in exchange for pan-time farm chores and occasional companionship to creative, joyful, menially handicapped adult (or other lllbor, such as tallJCOtry). Quaker family. Meeting nearby. Write: Bob and Dot Barrus: Camp Celo: 1349 H3nnah Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714 TR.EE PLANTERS WANTED • small, friendly company. Hard worlc, eitccllcnt pay for n:sponSible people with own transport and camping set-up. Dc:c. thru Apr. Eckman Forestry Service; RL l, Box 290-D; Warrensville, NC 28693 (919} 385-6838. FUTONS by Simple Plea<urcs - affordably priced. Send SASE for info to: Simple Plcasurcs; RL I, Box 1426; ClaytOn, GA 30525 (404) 782-3920 SIMPLE LIFESTYLE CALENDAR, notceards, and publications on central Appalachian envuonmcntal issues and home ccologicAI projects avwlablc from ASPJ. AppaLlchia • Science in the Public Interest Publications: Route 5 Boit 423: Livingston. KY 40445 M. TREE DESIGNS: Olustrations and Design • Beyond the pages of lfiis journal, I work in pencil, colored pencil, ink, cut paper, and batik. Fine and graphic an to cxpn:ss and enhance our lives. Logos, brochures, books, portraiture, window and wall hnngings.. Contact Manha Tree (704) 754-«IJ7. EUSTACE CONWAY Guide and teacher of pnmiuve Earth Skills with cmphasi< on fire b1ulding, hide tanning, shelter. and foraging. He tc;Jch~ at public schools, parks, environmenwl centers. and classes of all kinds. For more infonnation conl:lCt him ac 602 Dc.irwood Drive, Gastonia, NC 28084 or call Allcm Sl3111cy at {704) 872-7972 RM DESIGNS • l u.<;e the mcdiu or pencils. colored pencil<, gouxhc, pen and ink, and photography m cre<1ung unique line and graphic an. I can make diagrams, logo<, linishcd prints. and design~ for brochures, cal.:ndars, cards, books. etc. Mandalas and symbols arc my tendency among other styles. Contact Rob M~<~ick (704) 7S4.fl097. KATUAH ·page 34 BLIGHT RESISTANT CHESTNUT · hybrid Amcricarl/Chine.~ Dunstlln chestnut trees - blight resistant, limber growth fonn, productive orchard crop with lnrgc. swceL easily-peeled nuts. Chestnut Hill Nursery: RL l, Boit 341-K; Alachua, FL 32615 (904) 462-2820 "TREASURES IN THE STREAM" • a cassette tape of songs by Bob Avery-Grubel. S 10 to Rt. I. Box 735; Aoyd, VA 24091. PEPPERLAND olTcrs a variety of outdoor education programs for church, school, or civic groups year-round. We will help you design a program for your group. Send for information packet to: Pcppcrland Farm camp; Star Route; Farner. TN 37333. WANTED: LAND m western NC. Family seeks 5 or more acres, preferably near Cullowhec, to preserve and eventually inhabit. tr you have or know of affordable land, contact Bob and Mary Davi~; 213 Westmon:land Ct., Georgewwn, KY 40324 (502) 863-4267. CROIV WOMAN DREAMING • selC-publishcd poetry journal, Celebrating, JOUmeymg, love's alchemy, p!J.netary last rites, renew-JI. SS (or trade) + po.uige: Colleen Redman: P.O. Box 634; Floyd, VA 24091 . CRAFTSPEOPLE - seeking American Indian and contemporary a.rt and craft for purchase or consignment. ConUICt Bero Grey Owl: Four Winds Indian Store: 616 W. Johnson St.: Raleigh, NC 27603 (919) 856-0144. WINGED HEART HOMESTEAD • 283 acres in Indian Valley district, SW Virginia. On tl1is farm we want to start a self-reliant community of families emphasi1.mg orgWlic farming methods and creative pcrsonnl and spiritual growth. Contact: Muzawir; RL HC-67, Box 171; Alum Ridge, VA 24051. HANDMADE HOME in secluded woods, beautiful Wears Valley, Sevier Co .• TN. 7+ acres on priVllte rd. w/ separate anist studio/guest room. House h3s l bedr'm .• bath, wildOowcr patio garden. Asking $52,700. Also•.... COMPLETE WOODCRAFT SHOP. tools and mvcntory for S31e. Located one mile from house on major highway. Reasonable lease on facility. Asking S8700. For more info on the above, call (615) 453-1206. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS • herbal ~Ives, tinctures, & oils for birthing & family health. For brochure, plca...c wnte: Moon Dance Farm; Rt. I, Box 726: Hampton, TN 37658 ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY now forming in the mountnins of north GA. Joan others ~ccking gn:atcr cooperation and sclf-suflicicncy. Bnscd oo spiritulll and ecological values. Property IS now available. (404) n8·87S4. Wingtd lwm111 llgutt from Eiowah Mound, KJl!li.ah MEDITATION CUSHIONS • High qWllity traditional cusbaons as well as something new • an "inllatable 1.afu." For fn:c brochure, write: Carolina Morning Designs, Rt. l Box 31 -8, DepL K, Hot Springs, NC 28743 or call (704) 622 7329. STIL-LIGHT THEOSOPHICAL RETREAT CENTE.R a quiet space for personal mcdiuation, group mtcracuon through study, community won.. and spiritual ~minar; . Contaet Leon Frunkel; Rt. I, Box 326: Waynesville, NC 28786 FLOWER ESSENCES · H3rmony with Nawrc and SpariL Ocntle cmouon3l support during transitions. specific issues. rclat1onsh1ps. Open commun1c11tions. Self -adJUSting. non-toxic, awan:ncss "tool\" f0< improving the inner quality. Write; Elaine Geougc; c/o Patchwork Castle: 3931 Hwy. 80 S.; Burnsville, NC 28714 HAND-CARVED WOODSPlRITS, mystical hiking stnffs. and wall hangings by Steve Duncan. For brochure, please write Whippoorwill Studio: Rt. 4, Box 981: Marion, NC 28752. WILDERNESS SURVIVAL TRAINING • one week basic to live week instructor certilicalion COU!SCS. Best training m shelters, fircbuilding. food procurement. plants, land navigation wi1hout JOIRing the army • maybe better! Professional training in beautiful wilderness setting. Green Mountain Wildc:rness Survival School: P.O. Box 125; Waitslield, VT 05673 (802)496-5300. APPLE TREES • old·timcy and popular rontcmpornry varicues on swndard. semi-. or dwarf stoek. Send SASE ror prices Jeff Poppen, Long Hungry Creek Nursery: Red Boiling Springs, TN 37150. APPLE TREES • grafted old -fashioned and contemporary. Send 50¢ for catalog: Henry Mon on; Rt. I, Box 203; G:lllinburg. TN 3773R APPALACHIAN O!NSENG CO. · stratified seed. . < !>Ccdhngs, roots. Send for price list to: P.O. Box 547; Dillsboro. NC 28725. CHEROKEE INDIAN LANGUAGE classes For info, write Robert Bushyhcad; P.O Box 705; Chcroktt, NC 28719. WEBWORKING is free. Send submissions w: Kauiah Journal P.O. Boit 638 Lc1CCSLer, NC Kaulah Province 28748 AUTUMN· 1988 �In the winter issue of Kattloh Jo11r11al the focus will be on views of the economic and natural "changes to come" and lifestyles that will carry us through. The Katuah Journal wanes to commw1icate wmr tlumglus and feelings to the other people the in bioregional province. Send them tom as le11ers, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send your comribwions to us at: Katliah Journal, P 0. Box 638, Leicester, NC. Kattiah Prt1vi11ce 28748. "Water" and "P~ce and Social Justice Issues in the Mountains" are possible topics for future issues of the Kati1ah Journal. What do you think? We would like 10 hear your perspectives on these imporunt questions. · BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE ISSUE TIIREE - Spring 1984 Sustainable Agriculture • Sunflowers - Humnn Impact on the Fores1 - Childrens' Educnuon · Veronica Nicholru;: Woman in Politics - Liule People • Medicine Allies ISSUE FOURTEEN· Winier 1986·87 Lloyd Carl Owle · Boogcrs and Mummers • All Species Day - Cabin Fever Unjvcrs1ty • Homeless in Kaul:lh • Homemndc Hot Wal.CI • Stovcmakcr's Narrative - Good Medicine: In terspecies Communication ISSUE FOUR - Summer 1984 Wiiler Drum - Water Quality • Kudzu· Solar Eclipse • ClellJ'Cuuing - Troul - Going to Water - Ram Pumps - MicrOhydro - Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wnyne Miller ISSUE FIFTEEN ·Spring 1987 Coverlcis - Woman Forester - Susie McMah.1n: Midwife - AJLCmative Contr3Ccption - Bi~llll3li1y • Bioregionalism and Women • Good Medicine: Mauiacharial Culture - Pearl ISSUE FIVE· Fall 1984 Harvesc - Old Ways in Cherokee - Ginseng • Nuclenr Waste - Our Celtic Hcrit:1ge • Bioregionalism: Past. Present, and Future • John Wilnoty • Healing Darkness - Politics of Participation ISSUE SlX - Winter 1984-85 Winter Solstice Earth Ceremony • Horsepns1ure Raver - Coming of the Light - Log Cabin Roo1s Mountain Agriculture: The Righi Crop • Willi:un Taylor . The Fu1ure of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN· Spring 1985 Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs - Worker Ownership ·The Great Economy • Self Help Credit Union • Wald Turkey - Responsible Investing • Working in the Web of Life ISSUE EIGHT· Summer 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life· l<Duiah 18,000 Years Ago • Sncrcd Sites - Folk ArL~ in the Sche>ols - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle • Poems: Hilda Downer Cherokee Heniage Ccmcr ·Who Owns Appala,h1a? ISSUE NINE - Fall 1985 The Wnldee Forest - The Trees Spc~k • Migrating Forests · Horse Logging • Starting a Tree Crop Urron Trees - Acom Bread - Myth Time ---- -- ------ ISSUE SIXTEEN • Summer 1987 Helen Waite - Poem; Visions in a Garden - Vision Quest • Firs1 Flow - lnitilltion • Leaming in lhc Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge - "Vuluing T~· ISSUE TEN· Wlinccr 1985-86 Kate Rogers - Circles of Stone - ln1emal Mythmnking - Holistic Healing on Trial - Poems: Steve Knauth - Mythic Places • The Uktena's Tale· Crystll Magic - "Drcamspcaking" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· Winter 1987·88 Vernacular Architecture - Dreams in Wood and Stone • Mountain Home • Ear1h Energies • Eanh-Sbcltcrcd LlVlng • Membr:ane Houses - Brush Shelter • Poems; October Dusk • Good Medicine: "Shelter• lSSUE ELEVEN· Spring 1986 Community Planning - Cities and the Biorcgional Vision - Recycling • Community Gardening- Floyd County, VA - Gtl.SOhol - Two Biorcgional Views· Nuclear Supplement - Foxfire Games • Good Medicine: Visions ISSUE NINETEEN· Spring 1988 Perclandrn Garden • Spring Tonics - Blueberries • Wildflower Gardens . Gr:anny Herbalist Flower Essences - 'The Origin of the Animals:· Story Good Medicine: "Power" - Be A Troe ISSUE THIRTEEN· Fall 1986 Center For Awakening - Eliz:ibcth Callari • A Gentle Death · Hospice · Erne.'' Morgan • Dc;iling Creatively with Death - Home Bunal Box - The W;ike - The Raven Mocker • Woodslore and Wildwood.\ Wisc.lorn • Good Medicine: The Sweat Lodge ISSUE nVENTY ·Summer 1988 Preserve Appalachmn W1ldcmess - Highlands of Roan • Cclo Communily - L:md Trust - Arthur Morgan School - Zoning Issue - "The Ridge• • Farmers and the Farm Bill - Good Medicine: "Lind" • Acid Rain • Duke's Power Play - Cherokee M1c:rohydro Project - ~UAH JOU RNAL For more infom1atio11: (70-l) 683-1414 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Name Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/y r. Address F.nclosed 1s $ City Area Code AUTUMN· 1988 to gfre this effort a11 e.ttra boost State Phone Number Zip Back Issues Issue # __@ $2.50 "' $ _ _ Issue # _ _@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue # _@ $2.50 = .S_ _ Issue # _ @ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $~ Complc.te set of available issues (see above) @ $30.00 =$_ _ l can be a local contact person for my area KATUAH ·page 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 21, Fall 1988 Description An account of the resource The twenty-first issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on the history of the American chestnut trees in the Appalachian mountains and a call for their restoration. Authors and artists in this issue include: Scott E. Schlarbaum, Stephen Lewandowski, Lucille Griffin, Taylor Crockett, Kim Sandland, David Wheeler, "Rollo," Martha Tree, Rob Messick, Lucinda Flodin, Pat Montee, John Creech, Barbara Ellet Dail, Bob Henry Baber, and Collen Redman. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. <p>"Where There Be Mountains, There Be Chestnuts".......1<br /><em>     A Natural History</em><br /><br />Returning the Chestnut.......6 <br /><em>     to the Eastern Forest</em><br /><em>     by Scott E. Schlarbaum</em><br /><br />"Poem of Preservation and Praise".......7<br /><em>     by Stephen Lewandowski</em><br /><br />Continuing the Quest.......8 <br /><em>     to Restore the Chestnut </em><br /><em>     by Lucille Griffin</em><br /><br />Forests and Wildlife.......10<br /><em>     Eighty Years in the Mountains </em><br /><em>     by Taylor Crockett</em><br /><br />Gift of the Chestnut......12<br /><em>     Chestnuts in the Regional Diet </em><br /><em>     by Kim Sandland</em><br /><br />From the Roots........14<br /><em>     Chestnut Restoration Work</em><br /><br />An Herb Note from Lucinda........17<br /><br />Good Medicine.......18 <br />    <em> "The Changes to Come"</em><br /><br />Natural World News........20<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......24<br /><br />Review: <em>Where Legends Live</em>.......27<br /><br />Young People's Page.......29<br /><br />Events........32<br /><br />Webworking.......34<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em></p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Chestnut--Appalachian Region, Southern Chestnut blight Cooking (Chestnuts) Forest health--North Carolina, Western--history North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Agriculture Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Children's Page Electric Power Companies Forest History Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Hunting Katúah Plants and Herbs Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Turtle Island Water Quality https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/2f5c7a65526cf67e7320e0c5525d2492.pdf a25df4140491bff73a4b9d4c92436ab2 PDF Text Text ISSUE 23 SPRING 1989 $1.50 BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS �~LJAHjOURNAL Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �THE PISGAH VILLAGE: A Window into Ancient Ways ..~..-··-·-···-"·-·- ··..·-----··-··-..··-......~.. ...... ·' - ....... - -......· -.. Pisgah Village: A Window into Ancient Ways ..............! by Kim Sandland Planet Art in Katuah............................. 5 by Denise Newbourne The Green City as Thriving City.........8 by David Morris Poplar AppeaJ .................................... l 0 lJy Doug Elliott Written and Illustrated by Kim Sandland Clear Sky: A Composite Portrait... .... 13 by James Rhea "A New Earth" ................................... 14 by Jerry Trivette College as Community Resource .......16 by C.B. Squire Wild l ovely Days ............................... 18 Poems by Elizabeth Griffin Photographs by Gil Leebrick Natural World News..........................20 Reviews: Sacred Latu/ Sacred Se.x Rapuue of the Deep .....................23 Stopping the Coming Ice Age ............25 Drumming: Leuers to Kafllah ...........26 ''Sudden Tendrils" .............................28 a poem by Michael Hockaday Events Calendar................................32 Webworking .....................................34 On a low rise above the Catawba River there was a village .....Once, long ago, the village flourished ..... Flanked by magnificent forests, with mountains rising abruptly on the western side, it stood on floodplain soils, with fields and gardens enriched by seasonal deposits of sih..... lt has long since been abandoned. and now it lies underground, a ghost town enslirouded in the mystery of its demise.....Remains of posts in 1he ground delineate where homes once stood. cold heanhs contain fragments of roasted nuts and seeds and the bones of deer and small game animals.....Picces of hand-formed and decorated clay ea.nhenware. tempered with the sands of village paths, litter old floors .....When one stands in what was probably once the cemcr of the village, there is a pervasive aura of kindred association and the lingering question of why was this village abandoned by its rcsidcnls 600 years ago..... The old town has been named the Pisgah Village by mhaeologists presently excavating the Cn1awbn River site. Ken Robinson of Warren Wilson College and his field workers are only now uncovering the village, and it will be some time before a thorough picture of its rcs1den1s' wiy of life is pieced together. Excavation hns already taken months of work, and the project will continue through October of 1989. Laboratory study of the artifacts recovered from the site, photography. drawing, mapwork, and comparisons with other sites will take much longer. NOTE. The exact locOUO!t of the "Pisgah VI/Inge" article 10 protect tlit #le fro111 po.r3iblt di!.turlJanus before ucawJlion rs c:ompltttd. is 1101 11l•tlf 111 thU Archaeology allows us to reconstruct the lifeways of chose who lived here before us. II allows us to determine the distribution, availability, and use of natural resources by peoples of 1he past; climatic conditions; cultural, behavioral, and spiritual traditions and their material representations. Archaeological fieldwork can also tell us when - and possibly even why • such cultures dlsappeared. The Pisgah Village is one of thirty promising sites that were identified in McDowell County. North Carolina. Three of the sites were tested for future study, but this is the only one currently under inrcnsive study. The site is interesting. says Robinson, because of its location at the edge of the mountains on the boundary between 1 very differe nt wo geographical situations. This was not typical of late prehistoric settlements. The Pisgah village presents lhe first opportunity for study of what is possibly a definitive boundary between the ancestors of the Cherokee and the ances1ors of the Catawba peoples. whose culrurcs were evidently very differenL Anifac1s so far recovered indicate two occupations of I.he village sire - the first from about 500-1000 AD, the second from about 900·1500 AD. The focus of the current research is on the later occupation, says Robinson. He hopes to shed some light on why the Pisgah Village site was ab3ndoned. Widespread disruption of narive settlements throughout the Southeast occurred around 1450· l 550, and the dissipation of such (oonunucd on p:ige 3 �~LJAHjOURNAL ·- EDITORl AL STAFF THIS ISSUE: Will Ashe Bason Michael Red Fox Richard Lowenthal Rob Messick Christina Morrison Marnie Muller Kim Sandland David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Scou Bird Manha Tree Jack Otaney John Creech Jay Joyce Marsha Ring Patrick Clark Chip Smith COVER by Rob Messick INVOCATION - a poem, •world.~ by Elizabeth Griffin PUBLISHED BY: Kauiah Journal PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mow11ainecr Press WRITE US AT: Kail1ah Journal Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 !ELF.PHONE: (704)683-1414 D1vcrsi1y is an 1mport:tn1 elemcm of bioregional ecology, both nawrol and social. Tn line wath Iha~ principle, lhe KaJ1'ah Journal uics 10 ~e as a forum for the discussion ot regional Issues. Signed arucles e~rcss only lhe op111ion of the aulbors and arc not necesSill'il)' Ille opanions of the Karliah Jounw/ tduors or stnff. The lmcmal Revenue Servtce bas declared Kat11ah a non·pront organiza1ion under seer.ion SQl(cXJ) or Ille ln1cmnl Revenue Code. All conuibwions lO Katiiah are deductible from person.al income tl.it. tNVOC.ATWN the vJorld is as W9- are TH£ SOtll'HERN APPALACHtAN BJORECJON AND MAJOR EASTERN RJVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Herc m lhe souLhcm-most hcattlund of Lhc App:ilnchian mounuins, 1he oldest mounlllan range on our continetll, Turtle lslnnd; a small bu1 growing group h:is begun IO mke on a sense of responsibilhy for Ille implicau(ln.~ of lhl11 gcogr.tphicnl nnd culturol heritngc. This sense of responsib1li1y c:cnu:rs on lhe conccp1 of hvmg w11hin the ruuural ~ and bal3nce of universal sysiems Md pnllClJllcs. Wilhan dus circle we began by invoking Lhc Cherokee mime • K;u.Ualt' a.~ lhe old/new name for this nrca of the mouniains and for ii.s joU!Tllll as well The province is indicated by •L~ naUDUI boundarie$! the Ro:inokc Ri~cr Valley 10 the nonh; the foollulls of the piedmont area IO the cast: Yona Mount.am nnd lhc Georgia halls lO lhc :>0u1h: and the Tennessee Raver Valley to the west. TI1~ editorial pnootieli ror u:; arc t0 c:o!Ject and disseminate mfonnar.ion Md energy which pcrL'llllS specifically LO lllls region, nnd IO ro.u:r IJ1e awareness 1h:u 1hc land i~ a hvmg be.mg de$CMng of our love and rcspeeL Livmg in this manner is a way IO ansuro the su.~n:ibility of the bao.~phcrc and a la.rung placc for ourselves m 11.S continuing cvolutlonary process. We seem IO h3ve readied Ille fulcrum Point of a• do or die • si111t1tion m t.cnrn; of a quality standard of life for all living beings on !his planeL A~ a voice for lhc can:lakcrs or llus saarcd land. Kaniah. we advoc:uie a c:enlefed approach 10 Ilic cooccp1 of dccenlnlli1..otion. II is our hope 1 become a support sysicm for those acocpong lhe .0 challenge of SUStninabilhy and lhe creation of harmony and balance an a total sense, here an this place. We welcome all correspondence, critlcism, perunen1 infonnation, articles, an work, etc. with hopes th31 K.a.tWib will grow ID serve lhe best in1eres1S of lhis region and all us li11'11lg, breathing members. -The EdilOrS let us desire only that consciousness ,r Of life in which the cosmic will and the will to be are.,one Some of lhe K01iiah JourfllJ] Staff: (le1i IO right) Foreeround: Andy Ha!I-Bak.cr Middlr: David Wheeler, Mamie Muller, Rob Messick Standing: Will A.She Bason. Christina Morrison. Chip Smith, Rithiud Lowenlh3l. Lisa Franklin Sprt"'J, 1989 �(continued from page J) well-developed, thriving cultures has never been fully understood. Robinson feels lhat CJCcavauon of the Pisgah Village may lend some support 10 the theory that early Spanish explorers had a devastating effect on native aboriginal peoples. lt has long been surmised that Spa.nish explorers, led by Hernando De Soto and Juan Pardo among others, came up from the east and Gulf coasts through South Carolina and then inlMd to the Little Tennessee River. The routes of these explorers have lately been re-evaluated, however, and much evidence now indicates that they came along the eastern edge of the mountains ~ perhaps even as far east as the Catawba River. Some of the ac!ual records from the DeSoto and l>ardo expcdhions contain references to what are now believed to be villages in McDowell County. a hand in decimating these large animal populations. The burgeoning human population. unchecked by disease and nunurcd by abundance, reached a saturation point. The time from about 8,000 BC to I AD is called the Archaic Period. when human living took on a very different approach. In the woodlands the Archaic peoples hunted small game - primarily deer - fished. and collected plant foods. They were only seasonally nomadic, capitalizing on the migrations of animals, the spawning of fish, the maturing of nuts, and the flush of ripening benics. The people of the Archaic Period were efficient enough in their hunting and gathering that the search for food did not take up all of their time; they also pursued other endeavors. They made basketS and mats which have been found preserved in sites in the dry Southwest desen. They made hand-polished stone articles - some done very anistically, others left undecorated fo~ utilitarian use. Graves from the Archaic Period contain tools, weapons, red ochre (a pigment associated with ceremonies), beads, pendants, and dogs - all mcticulo_usly placed to accompany the dead into an aflcrhfe. Their stone hunting points were made with stems to be attached to sbaftS, an innovation from the time of lhc Palco-Indians. The earliest evidences of human occupation in the Southern Appalachian Mountains date from the Archaic Period. They consist of isolated find.~ of a distinct type of projectile point used for hunting - the Morrow Mountain type - dated to 4500 BC. The Woodland Period The Woodland Period of human habirotion The Spanish brought conflict and murder along wi1h their pack trains. They also brought Q.iseases - smallpox, measles, tuberculosis, and influenza - the likes of which the native population had not experienced on this continent. The Spanish, according to their own writings, burned villages, kidnapped and enslaved natives, abused the native cullure, and spread their imponed diseases. They formed trade alliances with some of the native tribes and introduced European materials. The full extent of the cultural and social disruption caused by the introduction of these trade goods is only now being realized. Robinson hopes that study of the Pisgah Village site will provide new links in the chain of undenaanding. extended from about I AD to 1600 AD. Three primary developmentS marked the transition from the Archaic to the Woodland cuhural iypes: · the development of pottery for cooking, storing, and transporting food and other items: - the cultivation of vegetable crops to supplement hunting and gathering: - and the first pcnnanent settlements. People of the Woodland phase settled in river valleys, where seed-bearing plants thrive. and became almost sedentary. cultivating native grains and then com. gourds, and squash as these crops were passed nonh from Mexico. Projectile poinis became smaller and more finely crafted. The bow and arrow replaced the spear and the dan. Woodland peoples traded across long distances. Mica from the Southern Appalachians and shells and fossilized shark's teeth from the coastal areas appear in archaeological sites throughout the southeast Burial practices continued the tradition of placing grave goods to accompany the dead. Some individuals were bwied in elaborate earth mounds, indicating some status or rank among their feUow villagers. Some of the Woodland Period peoples built tremendous carthworlcs for purposes that are still unclear to archeo-historians. They show a remarkable diversity, some being mathematically executed, others shaped like serpents. birds, and other figures. The full extent of some of these landscape sculptures was fully realiz.cd only after observers could fly above them. In some pans of the Southeast during the Woodland Period, clements of what is called "Mississippian culture" appeared. Mississippian culture was characterized by temple mounds (eanhworks which were the foundation for ceremonial centers). village) fortifLed with encircling palisades of stakes. copper tools and jewelry, and inrncruely designed ceremonial an. The v.intings of early European explorers of the 15th century describe palisaded towns with an ehtborate soctal development and material culture. (continued on JXl8C 4) The First People During the last lee Age a land bridge JOined Asia and Nonh America acrosi. chc Berin~ Strait. Many scientist:. believe that prehistoric people followed the large game animals into the new continent by this rou!e, and by the year 10,000 BC the first humans were well-established in both Nonh and South America. These Palco-Indian people. as they arc called. were nomadic hunters. They had no settlements, and the only evidences of their culture that have been round arc hunting weapons (stone spear points and darts), chipped stone knives, choppers and scrapers used for processing game meat and cutting wood, and animal bones thnt are evidence of their big game kills. By 8,000 BC the glaciers had retreated, and the climate became wanner. Many of the big game animals - species of horse. camel. rhinoceros, and bison not seen today. the great ground sloths and the woolly mammoth - became extinct on this continent Some scientists believe that humans had Spr~"'J. 1989 Ken Rotmisnn and visiring school class t!t.Omi1U! parrially ew1WJ1ed grid .fllUl1re OJ PiSgaJ1 Vi/Inge. Pho•o by Morme1 Mulltf �(col\Ullucd from p:ige 3) In the Southern Appalachians, lhis Mississippian tradition, borrowed from cuhural influences 10 the west is called "the Pisgah tradition" by arch~eologists. Peoples of the Pisgah tradition were the direct ancestors of the Cherokee. The Pisgah tradition of lhe late Woodland Period with its Mississippian influences, marks the pi~nacle of the cultural evolution of native peoples in the Southern Appalachians. Although some cultural traditions persisted until the rime of the Cherokee Removal, the native way of life was altered forever with the arrival or white explorers and seulers. Pottery fragments, called sherds, cons~ilute the majority of anifacts from the Warren Wilso11 excavations. Pottery vessels were fashioned from coils of clay, shaped and rounded. Some of the containers hnd handles or thickened runs and were tempered with sand before firing for extra s1rCng1h. Some were plain and undecorated, while others bore complica1cd panerns created by stamping the unfired vessels with carved wooden paddles. Cords or nets were also used lO l~ve fiber impressions in the wet clay, and des1~ns were also incised with small, sharp. marking tools. Plnin and decorated clay tobacco pipes have also been recovered, as well as small s1one and clay discs. believed to be counters or gamepieces. Also found were clay and soapstone beads and polished stone gorgeis. A hole was drilled into each of the ornaments so that it might be worn around the neck. The Pisgah rradition was a way of life which allowed individualized expression of talent and beliefs. During this phase livelihood was secure enough to allow time for artistic embellishment of functional tools. Carved soapstone bowls were made in sizes to hold from Relics AJong the Swannanoa The Pisgah tradition is best represented by archaeological discoveries made on the campus of Warren Wilson C-0llegc in Swannanoa in Kan'.iah. Artifacts found there preview what might be uncovered at the Pisgah Village site along the Catawba. The Warren Wilson site snw four penods of habitat ion by native peoples. The earliest occupation daies back nearly to the beginning of !he Archaic Period, The snc has been disturbed by erosion, dig~ing. and more recently by plowing. Disturbed sues are more dlfficull to interpret, because artifacts are misplaced, and feature.~ such as building foundations, heanhs and r::rosh pits are scauered. Despilc such disturbances, archaeologists have learned a great deal from the Warren Wilson site. No anifacts later than the Pisgah phase have been. recovered ~1 Warren Wilson. Its residents vanished someume 1n the mid- l600's and never returned. two quaris to 1wo gallons of liquid. Polished stone axes were found, some grooved to be anached to shafts, others designed to be hand-held. The excavation yielded monars and pestles of stone for grinding seeds, nuts, and drie(benies. and caches of red and yellow ochre and graphite used for paint pigments. The villagers who occupied the Warren Wilson site lived in rectangular dwellings. Over the years. the sunken posts rotted and left dark circular Stains in lhe earth, like perfect shadows. ghoslly visions of the past. The walls were Likely made of waule-and-daub, a mixture of clay and grasses. Mose of the dwellings were not within the village itself, but in outlying farmsteads. In lhe center of each house was a raised clay fire basin for warmth and cooking. The heanhs and the storage vessels buried nearby contained evidence of the foods these early people utilii.ed, among them hickory nuts, waJnucs, buuemuts, acorns, persimmons, maypops, grapes, bl~ck cherries. and chesmuts. There were also remains of com, squash, beans, and sumpweed, all of which were cultivated. Trash pits contained the bones of 30 species of animals, including bear, deer, bobcat, weasel, mountain lion, squirrels. turtles, snakes, frogs, and turkeys. From the distribution of foods, it is sunnised that the Pisgah (conbJlued oo page 24) EXCAVATION OF A PREHISTORIC SITE An archneological cxcavarion site is chosen because of the discovery of surface artifacts. because of a promising location that looks likely to yield evidence of occupation, or because th.e area is threatened by development or by destruction by vandals. Fieldwork begins with a surface collection of artifacts. Surface finds are ploued on a detailed map of the site, because their distribution may in itself reveal important information. The plow zone is scraped away and sifted through mesh screen 10 separate out any artifacts. Below the plow zone may lie a surface undisturbed by the activities of lauer-day humans. A grid of stakes and Jines is then laid out over the site, usually in a true nonh-south alignment, to correspond with grid l~nes mark~d on a site map. The area of each gnd square 1s usually one square meter. Soil samples may be taken with augers to determine distinct strata and/or the presence of hidden constructions or features (visible item which cannot be removed from the site and taken to the laboratory, such as house floors. burials, cooking fire pits, etc.). Selected grid squares may be excavated at random if the site is large. Small sites may be excavated entirely. Test excavations help 10 determine where to concentrate digging e!Tons. As the squares are excavated, the wall of each square 1s left intaCt m display lhe stratigraphy (visible layering) of the soil. Small layers, and sometimes whole strata, of soiJ are removed using shovels or trowels, and the exposed surface is levelled. M~terial from each level is sifted and soned. The an1facts recovered are bagged, labelled with their exact location in the soil stratigraphy. Soil samples are taken from each stratum 10 be examined in the laboratory. for even mJcroscop1c elements in the soil {such as pollen grains) may reveal information about the nora of the area and the climate (such 11s periods of drought and rainfall). Each exposed surface level is mapped and photographed, and details arc recorded in field notebooks. Features arc very carefully u~covcred ~s they appear in the strata. To d1~turb lh_e1r placement would be 10 destroy the rnformauon they contain. Small dental picks, 1ooth~:ushes, and even fine paintbrushes may be uuhzed to remove the soil from artifacL~ and features. Laboratory analysis of the artifacts. notes, maps, drawings. and photographs may take months, possibly years, of additional work once the fieldwork is completed. . Artifacts and features from each gnd and srratum and their relationships to the other finds through~ut the site, will reveal the lifeways of the people who once lived there - their t<?Ols,_ trades, rituals, subsjstence. An archaeologist literally delves into the relationship that ancient peoples maintained with the world around them. Archaeological fieldwork reveals details .of th~t relationship. It may te~ how lo~g lhat ~elauonship was sustained, and Dllgh1 possibly potnl to clues as to why it came to an end ;st:t' Sprtng, J!189 • �Art by Denise Newboume Dream f rQl}ment . •• Slt.e fell oslup that mghl and as she dre<uttM her spirit was luult'd through the long spiral tunnel and inII) till! scars. M1uri-dimtJtSional ribbons with Jhimmering citcu.ils drifted past aJ incompreJumsiblt spuds Slie realized she was in 1/ie center of the 1rwi.rplanetary in~rface, a place similar to a radio sroJibn w/ll!re lJfU! can nW'. into past <JNlfimue choices and possibilities for any piaMt, and/inc tune w tlic path ofgre01esr harmony. "Hmmm," she wondered, .,what can that p01h possibly be for the eartlrr Finding ow ~·as as simple as speaking the roMS that most corresponded with Earth's vihrationaljreqrumcy ar tlie prese111 tu~. No soonu had llll! said "John Wayne" than she fo1uld lu:rself in a lwlogram oftill! Earth. Her SU&Sitivc a.11ral rectpum M-Ve overw/11:/med a1fv.~t with an almost 1111/Jearablt colkaion of hurrlingferocities, terrified srreaming, and lrnpelt!Ss fwiliry. She re111(Ji/led calm, knowing from experience tll/Jl often tire jint reception ofsuch planets was the hardest lmagu of marching soldiers appeared before her, rows ofmen 1n unifonns, who turned on their heels and became long rows of ballerinas, all dressed in the same rum dolng rl~ uact SOllW hops and twirls while myriads of musicians all played variatwns of the SattU'! song. A smal I number of "others" hod them wrapped in strings, wl11ch the>• kept rig/rt, and twisted tfl/!nt this Wtl)' and tllDt, like puppets. Then she noticed thOl'-fand:. of beings sitting i11 tlie darkness.paralyzed The dancers and musicians wen' used to dii-en rheir anention from tll/!ir dl!.rperarely repres.ud condition. Then di/! Sct!nario began to change the people in darkness bt:gan to wake 11p and cw the strings. They swpped allowing tl.e cloned do.nurs and arrisrs to llypnoti:e them and started dancing tlll!mSelvts. Nor imuating any form, they simply followed wh1tre their own bodies led tht!ITI. The "official" artisu also stopptd their/~en.sh reprodJJJ:twnr ofprescribedforms long en1mgh w listen to the songs and dances from wid1itt They all begD11 listen.ing to and performing thdr own unique songs and danus. and helping otlll!rs learn tlll! s~. More and 1111>re strings were cw. and tlle ligliJ gr~ brigluer wilh t!llch ""e's gift of color. until of/ the beings became a mandala ofilrlerw<J\'tn harmony and beawy. Her anelllion tllrMd to a man in a belly dancers silks and veils, doing rhl sinuous, anciefll dance of binh She looked closer and saw it war .. John Wayfll!! "What a nice resolurilln," slie mused to herself. "It doesn't seem so hard looking at ft from oUlhere.·· "'do We are now witnesses to the ultimate dead-end created when reason attempt~ to dominate spirit, men to dominate women, science to dominate an. and "civilized" peoples ro dominate "'n:uive" ones. The5e are all external eumples of a fundamental split and sttuggle within e:ich of us. We have come so far from our primordial heritage of wholeness. that many of us arc at a los:. as to how to regain it We are still StrUggling to learn lhnt our fundamental problem is not any category of people. but the \'Cry existence of ~~teg~es.. 9ur problem ~s nOt science.~ power. not an, not ~pintuahty; n 1s the pcrcepuon of these tlnngs as sepanuc rather than facc1~ of a unified whole. ,\ key clemenr of the 1houglit sys1cm in which we perceive each Other ns lw lhan whole 1s the notion lhat some people arc creative and Olhm arc no1. Thi:. is extremely discmpowcring becllusc the power to cn.:.ltC is a cenrral attribute of divinity in all n:ligions. Thi~ c~tivc now from within provides us with 1he knowledge of our own power. b:iJance, and self-wonh. lf we believe that we do not have this rcgcnenitive power, then we promote scarcity for ourselves and others. So here we all nre amidst terrifying psychological scarcity collectively creaccd by the majority of the population who for one rcawn or another do no:i belie~ they arc creo.rivi- nnd powerful The planet cnn only a1wn the pence thut com~ from wholenes.~ when the beings who comprise it acknowledge •heir own and each others' wonh An. ai. we know 11 today. b a mirror for our plnnewy condiuon. There arc some people who do it. and they are n:vercd :is if they have something others do not. There is a funher dhtinction between "fine" an and "folk" an, with the unplicarion that fine an is somehow nobl~-r and better than folk., because it is non-funclionnl. TIUs 1s the alienating idea that an is only real if it is removed from the daily now oflifc. When a peoplCli: he.1.rlfclt. arti~ cxprcs.sion is_ lo;-t or s~tenurically extingu15.hcd, they begin to feel empty inside and often beccmc caught up in a funle effon to saiisfy themselves with utemal g~. 11us exu:mal grasping often IC3ds lO the phenomenon o! ~ictiveness The fact &tlat ~e !'ow ha~oe whole societie~ c:."pcncnang desperate levels of addlCtlOn :uid_ 1is a11endan1 destruction is a signal that it is ume forchoosmg to heal ourselves. One way we can do this is by tapping our unique expression~ and bl~ing ourselves llild the planet ~;th the creative energy that Oows from our spinL Our culrural definition of an needs to expand from the activiucs or an elite few to that or all people. Jose ArgueUes, in his latest book Surfers ofthe luvuya, provides such a definition: "You've all gott.t undcrsuind th:tt you're artists. Nothing fancy, but anists of life. anists of reality....Anything that's harmoniwl. that's an. This is an imponnn1 point ... since the planet's got to (conunllCld on PQ&ll 6) SJJrin9' 1989 ~ ~~~ - 1'.!'9'1 ~ y �be cleaned up and rehnm1omzed, there isn't any1hmg that isn't Planet An." With this kind of definition. an becomes intrinsic to the flow of life. \Ve are now beginning to realize that a11y expression that comes from our own spirits i'> valid, even if it docs not confom110 formerly prescribed ideas of'' an". To see an as a force for hnrmonizing our world is also to odd a higher di~s1on '?f social respon~i~ility to it. 111~. question "Will this conmbute to harmomzing our plam:t? becomes a standll!"d pan of the creative process, and an irnpon:mt criteria for whether or not 10 mar.ifest nn idea. Also integral 10 a holistic perspective is the understanding that an and science are not separate but are indivisible facets of a life-oriented culture. This understanding would ~1e a much-needed ~1al . . responsibility for everyone m all areas of human producuvny What exactly is Planet An? It is about reclaiming our concept of an to encompass all forms of exchange with our world. An is the language our species has used to communicate with the universe for thousands of years. Primitive an focussed on the intimate relationship of a tribe to it~ particular homeplace and all of its inhabitants. Now our homeplace has become the entire planet and beyond...aod our an has begun to rcllect this reality. Planetary an is a conscious awareness of the whole Life community in which we participate and a strong intent to . hannonize with it. lt is vital to our species' survival that we shift to this more active engagement and interplay with the universe. Jn this way. the many facets of our reality become intimately woven toget.hcr...our own interior world, our human cultural communiry, our planetary life community and the rest of the universe. How does the Harmonic Convergencu fit in with all this? Broadly speaking. the purpose of the Converge.nee wa.s 10 reactivate our ay, an:ness of the earth as a consc1ou~ b<:ang and to pro-.idc a time to rcatlirm our choice to co-create with her. Those who consciously made that cho1ce at that umc are the people Arguelles is now calling the "Eanh Force". By next year, Arguelles feels that this Earth Force will begin to manifest itself as a global and cultural phenomenon. He also feels that all need 10 move in a much more direct, mobilized way. By the second anniversary of Hannonic Convergence, he sees the opponunity for a Rainbow Peace Event. That would signal that the Campaign for the Earth has coalesced and bonded enough in the underground to begin 10 manifest as an alternative force of allied, planetary, non-government organizations moving in concen to take measures int0 our own hands. When I think of "art camps" and the "alternative force of allied, planetary, non-government organizations", the bioregional movement comes to my mind. We are a ready-made resource of diverse people who are awan: of the Earth's aliveness and are choosing to assist with her healing process. Karuah is a very supportive communuy for Planet An, and a strong network is already fom1ing. Here are some examples of Planet An going on inKatuah... Heart Dance Pat Sharkey, who lives in Floyd, Virginia, makes beauoful jewelry from crystals and stones. One lhing she has learned from working with crystals is that our own bodies operate in a similar way ... that is, they can be programmed, and they amplify energy. These conceptS have inspired her to create ways for an and science to become pans of a whole... through sacred dance. "Dance is like a gridwork, a system of conduction," she iold me. "By encompassing tones, using our bodies as conductors by arranging them in specific geometric configurations, employing corresponding herbs and stones, and consciously utilizing the energy gridwork of Icy lines on the planet, we can attune oarselves to move any specific energy through, and use it for healing." This kind of work could be done at key sites alJ over the eanh ...those places that amplify energy as well as those in need of healing. She Stressed the impon.nncc of a disciplined preparation of daily meditation for at least a month before coming together to do sacred dance. "The more preparation, the clearer the channel, the more juice we all reccive...the more we personally understand -something, the more authentically we can put it out to others." One way that planetary art is manifesting is through networking. Jose Arguelles, one of the key figures in the 1987 Harmonic Convergence, helped to found The Planet An Network in 1983. According to Arguelles. it is far too late for anything else save for artists, from all medias, 10 converge and produce inter-media performance rituals and other forms of planet art. He feels that these performance rituals should be simulcast via satellite to as many cities as possible to raise the consciousness of humanity. He sees this as a higher purpose of our extensive system of mass communication. When we are able 10 liberate this media system from the forces of fear and domiruuion we will have an incredible tool for dispersing immediate visions of peace. Astrologer Amero Alli envisions "the emergence of multiple 'art camps' ...clusters of resonant core groups dedicated to varied forms of planet an." Again.. the indicauon is that this an js a grassroots, collective phenomenon. Some of the elements for such activities could be music, dnnce, comedy, drama and sign language, combined with visual an. lighting, costumes. holograms. crystals and audience participation. There is no limit lO the possibilities! Drawing by Sbe.IJ Lodge The example she gave is for a Hean Dance, in which men and women would come together nnd fonn into a Star of David ...men forming one triangle, women the other. Rose quru:ii; would be in the center. Pora month beforehand each pamcipant would have spent time meditating daily on healing between men and women. They would then come together in meditation and symbolic movemenrs. and allow their energies to interact for the purpose of healing. The same concept can be used with any symbol, for any healing purpose, anywhere on the planet. Groups could begin travelling 10 other countries f~ the expres.s purpose of performing sacred dance there to amplify the energies of hannony and healing. "This is a way we can utilize all the systems we've learned - astrology, numerology, the tarot...and combine them in perfonnance through our bodies. High technology has become so overspecialized that no one can see the whole anymo.rc. By using our bodies as holographic componenis we are going back to lhe source of all recbnology...our inner beings." Pat is interested in organizing an Earth Dance gathering, and in exchanging inspiration and info with others interesled in this idea. Her address is P.O. Box 606, Aoyd, Virginia, Kaulah Province 2409 l. SprLf19, 1989 �Orandmottu A planetary art exhibit ... The popular Gmndmothc:r band in Asheville, North Carolina is a group tha1 is already doing visionary planet an. The group is composed of four women who each play several different insD"Uments and sing h:innonics 1ogelhl'r. They arc a visual, muhi-me<lia band. incorporating inro !heir performances creative movement, sign language. masks, costumes. acting and comedy. Their inclusive approach 10 music provides an enthusiastic vision of peace. leaving nudiences with a tremendous feeling of satisfaction. l talked with Deb Criss. one of 1he founding members of Grandmother, on her thoughts about Pl:lnet The People of Lhc One Song UV!NG ART F!Xll/B!T An. Her inspiration for Grund mother crunc to her when she was visiting lhe pyramid sites at Palenque. Mellico. She sa1 for long periods of time in the part of the complex that had been the Mayan's theatre. There :;he had visions of "blending ri1ual art into a music concert with respect to 1he four elemems and a ~ensc of oneness with 1he eanh, using costumes and masks. and finding ways io reach ou1 and dec~se 1he distance be1wecn audience and performers.'' ''The original vision l had was for an intentional way of doing a show, beginning by smudging the area, a group prayer and quie1 rime of positive thought We could then play with 1oncs, color, and lights, blended with modem-day music 10 induce frequencies tha1 unify heart, will, and higher mind. People of1en become uncomfonable when things are quiet, sacred, and serious for 100 long, so comedy is also an important part of our shows." Grandmother is very community orienled ... at one of their shows !his past fall four women joined 1he show for theatre and signing. One of them was an 89-year·old woman from Waynesville, the "honored Grandmother" of the evening. "I feel 1hat i1's important 10 in1cgra1e all ages, so that we all have a fuller understanding of the circle of life," said Criss. Their group is a dynamic process of consensus, and chooses to be open to additional aclS (with prior pl!lnning) being part of the show. "Grandmother is the ancient spiri1 of the winds Lhrough lime that speak through the earth to all people ... if s..meone feels that inner voice speaking through them. it is good 10 claim it and find a way to express ii. We hope 1hat Grandmother is a catalystic agent to inspire others 10 do this." For more information about Grandmother, call Deb Criss at (704) 253-4831. Contact Improvisation Also going on in Asheville is the quie1 revolution of Contact Improvisation, a newly arising dance form. Its emphasis is on releasing individual and group creativity through spontaneous movement rather than following a specific 1echnique or choreography. More than traditional dance forms, Contact relies heavily on suppon and cooperation among the dancers. II strengthens both the "I" and the "we" because the movements come from one's own center as well as being shaped by one's interactions with the other dancers. It's a way for 1 physical body to learn he trust. •. in a literal fashion, through physical imerac1ion. rn Contact, there are no wrong steps or movemcn1s---1here is only more or less fiowing, depending on how relaxed, trusting, and sensitive the dancers allow themselves 10 be. Contact is also p:utidpatory rather th:m perfoml!lnccorlented. fl is primarily an expenence for the d:lncel'li instead of for an audience. The movemenlS spring from deep v. ithin and nre a continual source of surprise, even 10 1he dancers This makes 11 nlJ the more dynamic to Y.itness. Audience and dancers are brought together llS both expcnence in different ways the everchanging now of movement coming from spiri1 into form. Leigh Hollowell and Christina Morrison are co-1e.'lching the first Conmct Dance class in Asheville. Chrisuna had auendcd a Dance New E11gland Conmc1 ln1ensivc la.~1 summer and rerurned home excited 10 share this fonn with others. She immediately began teaching friends in Celo and talking with Marnie Muller abou1 the possibility of a regional Dance Kn11"1Ji. Spring, 1989 (continued on pago 29) Who are the People of the One Song? They are ILf a1ul nwre ...They are inspiratian ... />a.rt 14ah.ng into furure ..Funue leaking into past. We invite rlrem into prese111 being ro help us remember rite word.f to The One Song Singing in rite liearrs and mitids ofall Earth's People. Tile People of rlie One Song is an art exhibit centering on the clay pottery faces and masks by artisl/poner Jane Avery-Grubel. The faces, strikingly adorned with beadwork, .shells, and feathers by artiM Jeri Dewey, represent a culture of people dr:Jwn from archetypal memory of natural tribal living. and from the vision of a futuri.~1ic tribe we may become. Out of lhe faces have come stories, written by local poet Colleen Redv.onun, tha1 1ell of the uibe's dreams, ri1uals. roles. and relationships. The exhibit will also fua1ure many local crafts people's works such as baskets, jewelry. clothing, musical insuurnents, pottery and herbs that v.ill repre~ent the tribe's anifacts of everyday living and celebration. The People ofThe One &mg is a \ision of a tribe leading resourceful, crea1ive, peaceful lives in relationship with the Earth and each other. The concept is an expression of 1ime transcending--a merging of pa~r. pn:o;en1, and future 10 cn:ati: a cuhure of our wildcs1 d~a~...one that may have been...could be. The artists involved sec Thr People nf'The o~ Snr.g as a modcl....''Through art we can nffirm a fuum: that i~ noc so dependent on modem 1echnology. Most c~cry1h1og cxhib11ed can be made, grown, or found m na1ure 111e show is a ·work in progress that we are continually crra1ing and recreaung, jus1 as we create our every day rc;tli1y. It's like opening our minds and doing an archeolog1cal dig into 1hc: future." Open through April 1989 at Old Church Glllery. M:un Street. Floyd, Virginia, Katuah Province 24091. For more infonnation or to schedule additional gallery engngcments: _-~ (703) 7-i5-4849 or 745·3316 ~ e • "-I ... >Can.ah Jourrnal pCMJe 1 �THE GREEN CITY AS THRIVING CITY Implications For local Economic Development by David Morris This April, David Morris ofthe I nstiture for Local Self-Reliance will be the key1Wte speaker for the WNC Environmental Summit '89. Here is an article from the conriner110/ bioregionat publication Raise the Stakes that highlighis some ofhis thoughrs. In discussing the greening of ciLies. one is reminded of Lhe slogan Lhat the French s1udents used in 1968. On their posters they said "all that we want to change is every1hing," which comes from that famous ecological dictum, "everything is connected to everything else." When we pull a thread, we may in fact unwind a sweater. The 1wo fundamental assumptions underlying the way we've designed our communities nre the assumptions of cheap energy and cheap disposal cosis. Jn constant dollars, a barrel of oil that cost five dollars in 1910 cost a little over a dollar in 1965. The cost of lhrowing away a ton of garbage remained preuy much the same from 1900 to 1960. We could lherefore ignore lite operating inefficiencies and wastes of the systems that we developed. Cities reflect that inefficiency and waste. Our cities are dependent creatures. A city of 100,000 people impons 200 tons of food, I 000 tons of fuel and 62,000 ions of water a day, and dumps 100,000 tons of garbage and 40,000 tons of human waste a ye:ir. We've accepLed long disaibution systems as the price we pay for progress and development. Jndeed, we've elevated separation to Lhe status of vinue and internalized those principles into our way of thinking about our local economies. J was recently reminded of how much we take 1ha1 state of affairs for granted when Twas in a SL Paul, Minnesota res1auran1. After finishing lunch. 1 got a toothpick, and of course all toothpicks now have an obligatory plastic wrapper. The word Japan was primed on the wrapper. Now, I thought to myself, Japan has no wood, bur it has been considered economical 10 take pieces of wood and send them LO Japan, wrap them in plastic and send lhe whole thing back: 10 Minnesota. Thal toothpick embodied 50,000 miles within it. Well, not to be outdone, Minnesota just set up a fac1ory. Ir's producing chopsticks and it's sending them to Tokyo. This brings to mind an image of two sh1ps passing each other in lhc Pacific, one carrying lildc pieces of wood from Japan to the United States, and the other carrying linle pieces of wood from the United Slates to Japan. That is economical only if one acceplS the twin assump1ions noted at the outset - those pillars upon which our economic system has been established. This impon-expon paradigm is the way our economy runs. It is also the way our waste economy runs. Washington, D.C., for instance, was becoming overwhelmed by its. hum:in wastes, and paid a consulWlt $150,000 to come up with a solution. He suggested they barge them to Haiti. That recommendation was approved by D.C., but Haiti vetoed lhe idea. Haiti decided though they'd been offered the wastes of the c:apiLal of the Frtt World, they preferred nOL to be shat upon. The integrated planetary economy was supposed to make us more secure, but has it? Global trade expands and so do planetary tensions. For example, developing counaies arc now exporting more and more food to the developed counaics to eam the hard currency necessary to repay debts that they incurred primarily to build up their expon indusaies. lndusaial development and utilizacion both have increased. The developed counaies are in an inlCTesting protecrionis1 free trade dance, a pas de deux of late planelruy economics. in which each country tries desperately to preserve ac lease some amount of ils sovereignty and its productive assets. at the same rime trying not to interfere with free trade and the mobility of resources. Capilal has become the lubricant for the planetary economy, the grease that lets the planetary machine functioo. We fervently believe lhat capital should flow at least as freely as raw maLerinls and products. Last year 20 times more currency was iraded than was needed to underwrite world trade. We are more reluctant to embrace the unimpeded rnobili1y of the third factor of production: labor. But we're inching up to it Six months ago the Council of Economic Advisors recommended abolishing all barriers LO migration in order t0 improve the economy. JC.cu .(ui.h ) o"rnal. p~ 8 We've lost sight of the underpinning of a society - lhe sense of community. Mobility is not synonymous with progress. Weve ignored Benjamin Franklin's advice: those who would trade independence for security usually wind up with neither. We have made tha1 crade and in the process have become an increasingly dependent and insecure people. But now the rules have changed. Cheap energy and cheap disposal are no longer available. Despite the recent drop in oil prices, lhe cos1 of energy has risen more than 1000 percent in the last 15 years. Disposal costs have risen even more dramatically. In 1975 it typically cost about three to five dollars to dispose of a ton of garbage. Today in the U.S. it costs between $30 and $50 to dispose of that ton of garbage. In 1970, to dispose of a barrel of hazardous waste cost berween $5 and $10 a barrel •• although most companies just spilled ii on the side of the road. Today, to dispose of hazardous waste costs abou1 $300 a barrel, and for many companies the disposed hazardous wasce now has a legal liability attached to it that is po~ntiallyenormous. What's imponant to note about these price changes is that they have changed not because or the real world exhaustion of supply, but because of a change in political a1tirude. The rising price of oil did not occur because oil began running out, but because OPEC artificially limired the supply. The cost of W3SlC disposal did not rise because we suddenly ran out of dump space but because communities, by establishing new disposal rules, anificially limited the supply. We consciously and willfully changed the cost of doing things the traditional way. One of lhe enduring legacies of the environmental movement is that it bas managed to begin to move the price of doing things to the cost of doing things. The price is what an individual pays; the cost is what the community pays. Let me give you a specific example of price versus cost Rock salt is used 10 de-ice roadways. lls price is very cheap: one to rwo centS a pound. There is at least one alternative to rock salt, made out of plant mau~: calcium-magnesium acetate. It can be produced a1 present for abou1 20 cents a pound · 10 to 20 times more than rock salt. That's ilS price. However, rock salt has some problems. It corrodes the undcrbody of cars, it corrodes bridges, and ill New York City, Coosolidnted Edison has found that it causes a great many problems in the electrical supply system which runs through the sewers. Sprlf\9. 1989 �Sewer water, c1111yi11g dhsulved rock sah. can corrode insulation and lay bare wires. A neoprene gas can be genmued and if a spark occurs. an explosion can send manhole CO\et'S flying. By one estimate Consolidated Edison spends S75 million to n:pa.ir damage caused by rock sah. Thu's part of the cost of roclc salt. Another cost is polluted groundwater and the devastation of vcgetntion. New York S!Atc has made an informal esumate that the acruaJ, internalized cost of rocl salt is 80 ccnlS a pound. Which de-icer should you buy? The individual is unt1warc: of this cost. It is the n:sponsibility of the community 10 make price and cost similar. Even though the rules have changed, we haven't yet adopl.Cd a new paradigm, a new way of organiting our knowledge and our information. One of the principles of that new paradigm should be to extract the mnximum amounl of useful work ecologically possible from the local resource base. Thar sounds like a very modest proposal, but it has profound repercussions. As we begin to obtain more and more u~ful work, we (ind thnt we've begun to be more and more self-reliant and self-conlll.incd. ls self-reliance economical? Whnt do we mean by eoooornics? Whnt do we value in our economic system? Those who praise the global economy and trade as the underpinnings of our economic henlth invariably point to the benefits of comparnrive advantage and just 11s invariably point to the example of bananas. Surely local self-reliance docs not mean raising our own bananas in the United States when the clirruue 1s so much more favorable in Guatemala. Il may be cheaper to impon those bananas. once again, depending on what the price is versus the cost. Bananas that come from Central America cooie from countries that do not pennit unions. arc produced by companies that do not pay any iaxcs, and are grown by production methods that have no environmenta: regulations. I submit that if you ca.lcuhued the number of dollars that have been spent by the Unil.Cd Sratcs in military intervention in Central America, and dh'ided by the number of bananas that 11.rC imponed into the United States, you would find that it's very costly co tmpon bananas rather 1h:ln 10 grow them you~lr. When we look at c<:onornic signals, we need ro look at them in a holistic sense. first, we arc leamio&, as our s)",\tems get ever larger, tlw the downi.hle rhks get com:spondingly gru.icr. Twenty years ago when we wked about a cau1strophe, it meant a flood or an earthquake. Today when we talk about a catastrophe we mean the end of the ozone layer. the end of the human species. Local self-reliance also has a downside risk: you could try '>Omething and it might not work. but the risk Is modest. Second, locnl self-reliance leads to a diversity of cxpcnmenmion. As communities experiment with differcn1 technologies, we advance on the learning curve. Third, local sclf-reliBnCe by definition reduces pollution by improving efficiency. Fourth, local sclr-rcllancc Is economical because It recycles money internally for more productive purposes that would otherwise have to be spent on maintaining the system. A crude estimate that r made recently :;uggcstcd that 15 years ago the United States was spending between one and three percent of its overall income for system maintenance and cleanup. Today we're spending almost 15 percent of our income fOI' that purpo~. And finally. an advan1.1gc of local self-rcli.tncc is that we begin 10 channel our ingenuity into developing new bodies of knowledge that may be appropriate 10 a world that is in a vef} dlITcn:nt cond1tioo. The technologies that we're developing 1n North America, for example, art technologies appropnatc to ruuions that arc resource· rich and pcople·poof. But ISO percent of the world's popufauon li\lcs in countries that 31C rc~·poor nnd peoplc·nch. ff you try 10 make the United State~ !>Clf-~ufficicnt or sdf·reli:mt, the technologies you develop tO do so will be neither appropnaic nor comp:inble wnh the needs of dc\•eloping nat.tons.. Bui if you move towazd m:tking our tknsely populated and rcsou~-short cities sclf·rcliant the i«hnologicsdcvc:lopcd \I.Ill be appropnate to a resource-poor 1.1.orld. The kno1.1. lcdge generated can become a fll!ljor export commodity. But the pnmary benefit or local sclf·rcliancc J~ not economic; it's psychological and ~oc1nl. II improves decision nuldng because the costs or the decision fall on the smne community. We do not separate the productive process over long.dhtllllC~ Psycho.logicall)'. we improve the setf-<XX1fidencc 11nd socunty of our commuruues. We begin to miniaturize the economy. h means achieving v.hat Fritz Schumacher, one of the great cconomim of our time, dreamt of: local productton tor local markets from local rcsourct$. SprU\9• 1989 ls that theory or is that pr3Cticc? ..yeu: it rums out that in ~c scrap metaJ industry, the scale of producuon IS much smal~ than 111 the raw matcrittls industry. The best ex.ample J know of is 1he steel industry, where the newest technology is called the mini-mill. They used to be called neighborhood mills. but the industry decided t.h:u that would rais.c the image or Mao 1.e-<long's backyard fumaus. aod they didn't feel this was good advertising. Miru-mills use 100 percen1 scrap, and arc very sm:all- 200.000 tons a year average produc1ioo. A raw ore-based, vcnically integrated steel mill produces between two and three million ions a year. The healthiest. fastest-growing pan of the steel indu~try is based on scnp that comes from regional matb:ts and products often sold regionally. Another example 1~ the chemurgy movement, created SO yean ago by scienlisti-. from around the world concerned with using the then-large agriculrural surpluses lb mdustrial products. In 1932. the ltalian ambass3dor 10 Oreat Bnlllin arrived at the coun of St James dressed in a sun made or milk. That is, Italian scientists had discovered how to weave the casein in milk into clolhes. Tn 1941, Henry Ford, a devotee of the chemurgy movement, unveiled his biological car. The car body was made or soybeans. lhe fuel came from com, and the wheels were made of goldenrod. The soybean plastic body weighed hlllf as much as a steel-bodied car, so the car was more fuel·eflic1cnt. lf you dented it modestly, the dentS could be knocked back out. The C11r was wanner in the winter and (COISinuoj ... pq• lO) Green C ily 11 How-To 11 Mnnual---Just Published! "Cities need to be<ome more 'green'. They must be transformed illtu places that are life-enhancing an<l regenerarfre." • PelCr Berg <:rr~a Ci11 as a "how-to• m~nual (Of mdlv1<tUllts and O(JJ.n11AllOns antcmo1ed an a :iuswnablc future. tis intnl3C i.s &hat urban att.aS Cllll Cl.isl lunnonlou\I)" with na111nll 1ysu:im • :md 111nctudca bolb practical mid visL;xury :aw1tcut1on1 lh11I •re uppllc•btt 1;; ny ci17 or 1ino11. lbcte ts also 1 ~ 1ts11ng of volllllUlet o.:uv11a with i:lc:a. llbout gctllftS: wried and womns 0 IO'll<-.ds D £n'C1)" fuwrc. • URBA."' Pl.Af.ilNG • SMARTTRASSPORTATIO' • SUSTAIN"BLEPLA,~'t'l!O • RF.l'>'E\\'ARl.ll E.''ERGY • l'."EIOHBORHOOD CHARAC'rnR AND li."IPOWERM£.'lol • RECYCUNG Al'tl> REUSE • CE.l..EllRATtNG l.IF'E·l'L-\C'F. VITA.Un' • IJRBA.'J WILD HABITAT • SOC'tAU.Y RF.SPONSIBLE SMALL BUSINESSES ANO COOP'ERATIVE.S 'Tbe CrttD C117 Proi:nam 11 1V111bblc d1tcc1ty from Pbru:l Drum Foundation for S7 f'CISIP.1ld Mcmben ol lbc Foundation =eh-cu free aloag with lbc hl·annu.:11 ne11;1p;pcr lfluu tM Suills llld Olhcr public:atiol\1 for ~i: yearly membership rec Sl5. Thta llddtc.ss Is PIAnet Drum FoundaUon, Boit 31251, Son 1'111nt11COCA 9413t �POPLAR APPEAL written and illustrated by Doug Elliott W hen I tell northerners Lhat 1 built my house almost entirely of poplar, including the framing, rafters, interior panelling, and exterior siding, they seem confused. When I go on to say that there arc a 101 of old log cabins in 1hc Carolina mountains built from large poplar logs. they look a1 me like I'm crazy. I'm finally learning that to a nonhcmer, the word "poplar" refers to the aspens and other related trees whose wood is light, soft. and vinually useless for house construction. After a bit more discussion, we finally ge1 our terminology straightened out, and I get the response, " Oh, you mean 'tulip tree'". Yes, this magnificent tree has many names and even more uses. It is not a crue poplar, but was so named because iis leaves are attatched to its branches by long petioles (or leaf stems) that allow the leaves to move m the breeze in a manner not unlike that of a quaking aspen. The tulip poplar is actually in the Magnolia family . ' l ts scientific name, Liriodendron tulipifera, translates roughly to m~ "tulip-bearing lily tree". This is a fitting name for the ttee because itS flowers look like a combination of a tulip and a lily. They are a light greenish yellow and each of the six petals has a blaze of orange at its base. OUJ ofa giant tulip tree A grem gay blossumfalls on me; Old gold andfire iu petals are. Ir flashes like a/al/Ing swr. - Maurice Thomas A large tulip poplar lit up wilh hundreds of these large, cup-like blooms in spring is a magnificent sight indeed. The tulip poplar is the king of the magnolia family. 11 is considered to be the tallest hardwood tree in North America. In the old forests of the southern Appalachians il has been known to attain a height of 200 feet with a straight ttUok 1en feet in diameter and clear of branches for eighty to one hundred feet . The largest tulip poplar on record is the "Reems Creek Poplar" in Buncombe County. It was I98 feet 1all with a ttunk IO fcec I I inches in diameter four feet above the ground. When it was burned in April.1935, it was believed to be the largest tulip poplar in the world, possibly over a thousand years old. "But despite the splendor of its dimensions. there is oothing overwhelming about the Tuliptree, bm rather something joyous in ilS springing straightness, in the candle-liU blaze of its sunlit flowers, in the fresh green ofus leaves, which being more or less pendulous 011 long slender sralks, are forever IW'ning and rusrling in the slighres1 breeze; this gives the tree an air ofliveliness, lightening iJS grandeur. So even a very ancieltl tUlip tree has no look of tld abou1 It, for not only does it make a swift growth in youth, but in maturity it maintains itself marvelously free of<kcay. This look of vitality comes partly from the vivid paleue from which tire Tullptree is colored. The flowers which give it 1/Us name are yellow or orange a t base, a liglu greenish shade above. Almost as brilliant are the leaves when they first appear, a glossy, sunshiny pale green: they deepen in tint in summer, and in awwnn tum a rich, re1oicing gold. Even in winter the tree is still flOt UJllldorned.for the .•.cone remal'ns, candel/Jbrum f as/Uon, erect on r/le bare twig ...(1111Iil) all the seeds have.fallei1." - DoNJld Culross P~ Each of the seed cones 10 which Pcauic refers can produce l 00 or more seeds. Each seed is located a1 the end of a blade-shaped wing, called a samara, which keeps it airborne. On windy days 1hcse seeds whirl like tiny helicopters and are dispersed over great distances. Because they are released gradually all through the winter, the seeds arc important to wildlife. They are ca1cn by many kinds of birds as well as by squirrels, chipmunks. and other small rodenlS. On a bright snowy day rwo friends cross-countty skiing in the Pisgah National Forest were surprised to see a white-footed mouse scampering all over I.he snow, so busy collecting and devouring freshly shed tulip poplar seeds that ir seeme~ eomple1cl y unaware of their presence. Old Uses Indians had many uses for the rulip poplar. Us.ing fire and stone tools, they carved dugout canoes out of large straight sections of the ttunks and taught pioneer se1tlers the an. One of the first accountS of this was in 1590 in Thomas Harriot's brief and true report of the new-found land of Virginia: " ... rite irrhabitams that were neere 10 us doe comrtlQnly make tlleir boars or Canoes of the fomi oftrowes (troughs), only with the helpe of fire , ltarcl~IS of stoMS and shels; we have known soml! being so great ...tluu they have carried well XX men at once besides much baggage· 1/ie timber being greor, ta/, streight, soft, lig/11, & yes tough ...". Captain John Smith in 1612 reported canoes large enough to hold 40 men. Daniel Boone made such a canoe 60 feet long, capable of carrying five tons. Into it he loaded his family and all their possessions and in 1799 they floated from Kentucky down the Ohio River and on into what was then Spanish territory. The tree is still known as "canoewood" in some areas. Poplar blossom time is very important to beekeepers. The poplar is one of the most dependable sources of nectar in the Southeast The yield of nectar per bloom is possibly the highest of any plant on the continent and has been calculated at an average of 1.64 grams - or about one third of a teaspoon - per flower. During a favorable season, poplar nectar is secreted so abundantly that honey bees and other insects cannot carry i1 away as faSt as it appears. Sometimes one can feel the nectar dripping down like a gentle sticky rain when sranding under a blooming wlip tree in a light breeze. (People who park their shiny new cars under tulip trees often complain about this.) Because the poplar blooms early in the season, many honeybee colonies are not strong enough 10 fully utilize the abundance. For StrOng hives, however, harvesLS of 100 pounds of hooey per hive have been recorded during just the three week poplar bloom. The honey is dark in color and is sometimes called Spf'tn9. 1989 �"black poplar honey". When held up to the light, however, it can be seen tha1 it is actually a deep amber-red in color. Though it is not as light as locust honey nor as sought-after as sourwood honey, it has a rlch full-bodied flavor that can sweeten fruit salads, yogurt, tea, and other beverages. Poplar honey goes well on pancakes, waffles, cereal, biscuits, cornbread, and other baked goods. Rarely a day goes by that I don'1 eat some. If you want the ultimate tulip-poplar-tasting experience, sip the nectar straight from the flower like the bees do. You need to find a freshly opened blossom within reach. Pick or lower the blossom carefully without josrling it. Then lick. the drople1s on the inside of the petals, and taSte tha1 ambrosial Sometimes the nectar collects in a puddle on one of the lower sepals. If the air has been warm and dry, the nectar will often be thick like syrup. After one taste, you will know you have imbibed the nectar of the gods! In European gardens the tulip poplar is one of the favorite "exotic" American ornamental shade trees, and it has been so for mOTC than 300 years. In fact, the tulip poplar was first described botanically in 1687 from a specimen that had been brought from the New World and was growing in an English garden. In the early part of the 18th century John Lawson, Surveyor-General of North Ol.rolina, reponcd a hollow tulip poplar "wherein a lusty Man had his Bed and Household Furniture, and lived in it till his labor got him a more fashionable MMsion." Of course the senler's "more fashionable mansion" would probably have been no more than a log cabin made of tulip poplar logs. There is many an old tulip poplar log cabin still standing today and new ones arc still being built Using Poplar Lumber The first significant cutting of poplars in the new world was by settlers who were clearing ground for farming. They knew that where the tulip poplars grew, the soil was the richest. Today this still tends to be true. Ginseng hunters look for stands of tulip poplars when SC'Jnning distant mountainsides in search of the moist soil that characterizes good ginseng habitat lt was not until two decades after the Civil War, when the r:>ilroads began 10 penetrate the rugged mountainous areas of the Southern Appalachians, that the huge poplars and other southern hardwoods were harvested. In those days only trees over 30 inches in diameter, each yielding more than 400 board feet in lumber, were accepl.ed at the mills. In some areas tulip poplar grows in almost pure stands. In 1912, a tract of land near Looking Glass Rock in Transylvania County yielded 40,000 board feet of tulip poplar lumber per acre. Nowadays loggers are pleased IO get 10,000 board feet per acre. Foresters call tulip poplar a hardwood because it is a broad-leafed tree, like oaks and maples. Pinc, fir and other conifers arc called softwoods. The wood of tulip poplar however, is as soft and workable as white pine. Because the extensive heanwood is a yellowish tan in color, it is known as "yellow poplar" in the lumber business. The sapwood is creamy white and has been used as interior panelling. When used in this capacity, i1 has been called "whirewood". Because of its lighmess and strength. ii is used for boxes and crates. Yokes for oxen were often made from tulip poplar, because it was so easily carved. lt was one of the favorite materials for building aircraft in the days when airplane bodies were built of wood. Poplar wood has the ability to return to its normal shape after being compressed under great pressure. This property accounts for the wood's popularity for building barrel bungs. Poplar lumber is used extensively in the furniture-making industry. Its porosity and ability to take glue makes it an ideal core upon which to glue fine wood veneers, and, because it talces a polish beuer than any orher native wood. poplar wood is itself often used as a veneer. Kiln-dried yellow poplar wood makes a good framing lumber for house construction. It is moderately lightweight, yet stronger than spruce, fit; or white pine. Unlike the whole poplar logs used in cabin construction. milled, dry poplar lumber has little tendency to split when nailed. The Nonh Carolina Building Code accepts graded poplar lumber as a framing material. However, it has been infrequently used in recent years because of the.abundance of low cost softwood timber, such as Douglas fir and spruce, shipped in from the western Sl4tes. As the supply of western softwoods decreases. tulip poplar may come back into more common use. Dead and Rotting Wood Tulip poplar is also valuable when dead and rotting. The stumps decay quickly and provide an ideal habitat for various wood boring beetles. These beetles and their larva are one of the favorite foods of the majestic pilca1ed woodpecker (often called "wood hen" by mounroin folks). The pileated woodpecker is so named because of its brilliant red crest. It 1s our largest woodpecker. almost as big as a crow. These and other woodpeckers regularly visit decaying tulip poplar. and some people purposely cut poplar slumps high or use the Jogs in gn:rden beds near the house in order to artmct them. Dead tulip poplar is also the favorite growing medium for cenain fungi. most notably the delec1nble oyster mushroom (Pleurorus osrrearus). Oys1er mushrooms arc one of my favorite 'Aild mushrooms. l learned to identify them by Clll'Cfully studying them in mushroom field guides. They arc f.urly easy 10 recognilC, hence they are one of the safest of the edible wild mushrooms. They grow in cluster:., usually out of the sides of logs or stumps. They vary from a creamy. "oyster" whi1e to 1.1n or gray in color and arc distincbve because the gills run down the entire length of the stem. They arc delicious in soups. on p;ista. and can be saut6ed and gently stewed lO make an elegant side dish. Once l had oyster mushrooms fried in fritter batter, and (conunucc1cmJllil&e30) they actually tasted like oyster mttcn.. ~'°""" J--' 9"'JS t t �The bark of the poplar tree can be remo1Jed in the spring and early swnmer and has been used in many ways. Large sheers of Ir were used by the Indians as CO\'trings for wigwams, wickiups, lodges, and orher living quarrers. In the Nonfl Carolina mountain.s, poplar bark has bun used as siding on frame houses. When I first disco11ered it on some homes near Burns11ilfe in Yancey County, I was suuclc by ir.s rustic, }'et eleganJ beaury. As I was building my own house at the time, I wonted to /ind ow how poplar bark siding wa.f made and how long it wollld last. Wizen l asked around, however, it seemed tlw.t most of the builders of these hauses Jw.d long since passed on, but t~y had left a legacy ofpoplar bark. siding thol was sdll holding up well qfter 70 or more years. 1 finally found one older man who was a poplar bark crafts11w..n, and he tk.scribed tlie process UJ me. In early swnrner when the "sap's running", large sheers of the bark are removed from mediwn-sized trees. The bark is carefully pried off tlie trunk with a to0I know11 as a "tan bark spud". This tool hark.ens back to the days w}ien the collecting ofoak, chestnut and hemlock bark was o pan ofevery timber cutting operation. The bark was sold to tanneries as a source of tannic acid. A spud could be Improvised mu of a stout curved stick with a chisel-like edge carved on one end. Those made by blacksmiths look somewhat like a small-lieaded spade. After 1/ie bark is remo11ed, it is cut illro large rectangular sheets, taken ro a barn or other dry p/act and "stacked and stickered" like green lumber with na"ow strips ofwood between each sheet of bark to allow air to circulate. Rocks or other weights pilled on rop of the stock ofbark en.sure that the sheets stay flat and do not curl up as they dry After a month or two of drying, rhey can be cut 10 length and nailed like slung/es onro the building. Armed with th8se minimal instructions. and a lift·long love of tulip poplar, I knew I had to onempt co/leering bark 10 cover at lea.rt part ofmy house. A friend who was building ms own lwuse was about to CUI some poplars on his land 10 use as suppon beams. He told me that if I'd help him cut them and haul them down to the building site, he'd help me get the bark. The first tree we/tiled was aboUI afoot in dianieter, and it fell uphill. We trimmed off the upper br01iches, until we had a length ofclear trunk abou1 30 feet long. With 1he chainsaw, we mode one long CUI throught the bark down the entire length ofth4 l.og. Then, staningfrom the bonom, with one of us on eilkr side of the log, wt wenr at it with the bark spuds, ourf111gers, hate/let blades and whatever else we collld improvise to genJly pry the bark from the log. . .. - TIU! nt•wly formed cambium layer benn•e11 the bark and the sapw(l(Jd was sofr, slippery and Yer)' juics. As the: bark gave way 10 our efforts arul .tepararedjrom ti~ rrunk, it made a slurpy hissing noise. !Ve gradll(l//')! worked our Wll) up the log . The bark was coming ojf bc:outifully. When wc:j1r1ally reached the 11pper end oftlu: log, tire remaining section f1f the bark StpcJrated wirh a rtsowuling hollow "pop" We stood up and ~ere congrarularing ourselves on a job well dmu:, when we heard a noise. lt>okinR down we sow our newly-skinned log heading off down the hi/IT ltsfreshl)• removea bark had created a trough t/IQJ was slick.er tlllJll any bobsled run, and b>· rhe time that log left that piece of bark, it had picW up a terrific amo1u11 of speed and momenlltm. It we111 careenin,g down the mountainside, and all we co11Jd do was watch in astonisl11T1enl as thoJ log leapt over rock ledges and crashed through thic~ts. It fi111Jlly .rropped uh0111 fl!ry yards down the hill when i1 collided with a srump jusr above rhe house .tire. We breathed a huge sigh of relief. If it had nor been sropped by the s111mp, that .flippery bauering ram would hove done considerable damage to rhe ho11se founda1io11. Afrer rhar, we senved a rope to each log before we removed ilS bark. I found ow larer rluJt mountain loggers hove a word/or a log sliding down a nwu111ainside. TluJt log is nball·hootin'," and it is recognued as a serious danger in logging steep f1W11n1al11 ,f/opes during spring and s1unmer. As one old logger told me, 'Them poplar logs is bad/or that. Wilen the sap's up, that bark can slip off a log you're dragging and if tha1 log gets loose and goes a balf-Jwotin' down the mou111ain, buddy, 'hit can kill a ma11l" The bark of small poplar trees can be scored and folded into carrying 11essels ofall sizes from berry baskets to backpacks. /11dia11s daubed the seams with pine pitch and used them as W(ller buckets. I was first introduced to bark basketry by my mountain neighbor and friend Paul Geouge, wlio has been mak.i11g baskets for years. I was enchanted by the way he explained their simple practicalily; "So you've been out fishing all morning .following the creek up in.lb the nwuntain.t. You're cau:hlnJl some of 1/iem nmive speckled trour, bUJ afrer a while the srream gets too small. So you call it quir.s and head up onto the ridge/or rhe long walk home, There you TUii into the biggest patch of ripe huckleberries you halle ever seen. ~You'd 1011e to take some of them berries lwme, hut you ai11'1 go11101hing to carry 'em in. Whor collld you do?" Paul asks wirh a twinkle in his eye. "Well, if you knew how 10 make a berry basker, you'd just find you a young poplar rree, make you a poplar bark basket, and tote tllUn berries home. Now they'd taste mighry g()()d after a fish dinner! ... Between the ower layer of the bark and the sapwood is a layer rich in fibro11s vascular material known as bast. When rorred under controlled condirfons it can be used to mah ropes. twine and other cordage. Ir was high/}' valued by Native ~ricansfor rhese tiles Poplar bark has also been 11sed medicinally as a tonic and a remedy/or fevers, stomach ailments, dysentary, rhe1unari.sm and gour. It is a source oftulipiferine, an allt:aloid that acrs as a heart stimulanr. / 2 ! ff.'" • Doug Elliou's most recent book, (that includes step-by-s1ep instruetions on how to make a rulip poplar bark basket) is entitled Woods/ore and Wildwood Wisdom. It can be ordered from him at Possum Productions; R1 1, Box 388; Union Mills. NC 28167 for $10.00 post paid. Sprl·"'J· 1989 ""'' .... - �CLEAR SKY a drawing by James Rhea The concept for the drawing derives from my years growing up in the southern foothills and hearing Cherokee follclore, and being fascinated by their lifestyle and contributions. I have always been inspired by other culrun:s, especially so called primitives. This picture is pan of a series of portraits of healers or philosophical leaders, who arc inspirational to their people, representing cultures throughout the world. From that I envisioned a change of bean from a life of war and bloodshed to one of service and ~ce. This choice was indicauve of several individuals who laid the foundation for the later culturnl flowering of the Cherokees. Clear Sky is more of a composite of an ideal figure lhan a definite ponrait. The Cherokee people in the late l700's were in a state of despair and desperation because of the encroachment upon their lands and military defeat by European scnlcis. SC\'Cral individu:tls came to the forefront to encourage and inspire their people. To the Cherokee. they were lcnown as beloved persons. both men and women. They felt a need for a transition or integration into white society, but at the same time they hoped to retain the best of their past for cultural survival. Clear Sky's dress is typical for the time. He wears a blue EngltSh bro3dcloth shin and has a Spanish trade blanket around his waisr. The necklace is wampum with a silver gorget. The eamngs are archaic beaten copper with slit earlobes. The hair is trimmed with a dyed egret feather ornament In his band he holds a turkey feather (an with natural bead work. a sign of respect and dignity. lsk.agua CJtr Clear Sky was listed in Duane K. King's book CMrolcee Indian Na1ion as being present and signing a document protesting the tt'Catment of Chickamauga Cherokees by the Americans. The petition was sent to King George m of England aslcing his government to intervene. At the time of the signing, or thereabouts 1789-1791, he changed his name from NeMnoataah, or "Bloody Fellow" to lsk.agua. "Clear Sky." Spr~nAJ. I used several sources Ill compiling his dress, ornaments and general demcaner. but the most informative was the JnditlJIS of the Southeastern Un11ed States by John R. Swanton, Smithsonian Anthropology. James Rhta lives in an old farmhou.st in a rural pan of Cabarras CoUllt)'. Ht is illlertsttd in organic gardening and environmental issul!S and spends time canoeing and hiking for inspiration and peace of mind. His artwork includes tM subfecrs of wildlife as well as portraits. "In gentral" he says •1 favor world peace and holistic liftstyks". ,/ 1989 Xat-~ )o\UnoL ~ 15 �II a Early, al tine o'clodt IWO sbocb ol-an anbqaUe Wlft felt. Tbc boule D cuM:d mid ew:rytbing WU ID mowmelll. The bcns fell to the paid fJOm lheir room ud set up a pi.tifol cry. You cm see chat the white people mR diffaalt bc:ings from us, we are made or.red clay. they of white sand. About lbe J'Cll' 1811 IOIDC of the Cleroba cbamed ud Olha'S RCtiwd. in various ways. cQ11111mictricw from lhe Oral Spirit. all lr:Dding IO discredit die ICbane ol c:ivilization. See 10 ll dw you get back your old Beloved Towns. Yoor mother is not pleased you punish each other so ha1d. I have told you what the Gn:ac Spirit's will is, and you are 10 pass on iL la on:tcr that you might know bow things want to tell you what happened bcrc in the Nation ju,st the other day. ~Pl in die Wkl IDday, I Jusr dne rughis ago I was at a Wk in C>o&1mally. To tha1 place came~ man and two women who to1d that while they were on 11 journey, Ibey came eo an unoccupied house near a hill called Rocky Mountain and enlCttd it in order to spend the night thcte. Just as it had become dark, they heard a violenl noise in che air.•.As !hey went outside to sec abou1 ii they saw a whole crowd of Indians ~g on I.be hill from the sky•... nding on small black horses...their leader beating a drum. .•came very close.• .They were much frightened .•.•. "Don'1 be afraid. we arc your brothers and have been sent by the Great Spirit 10 spcalc co you. The Great Spirit is dissatisfied that you arc n:ceiving the white people into your lnnd•.•.. You sec that the hunting is gone, you are planting lhe corn of the white people. go and sell ii back to them and plant Indian com and pound it in the manner of your forefathers. do away with the mills. The Mother of the Nation h~ fOtY.lccn you. •. her bones are being broken through the grinding. She will return co you if you put the white people out of lhe land and return to your fonncr manner of life. If you don't believe my words then look up at the sky." They did and saw the sky open...an indescribably beautiful light and in it four white houses. "Such houses you are to build in your Beloved Towns... for white men who can be useful to the Nation.. . ." I mn not Ible IO delcribe lhe creat perplexity into which we C11D11 Jasa ...L Our dwelling bowie was in die most violent mDVellXIH IO lhu it seemed IO be Deir II> be falling in. .. .a strongviolent noise beard from the W.N.W. _ .and stteaks of l.ighlning..... This morning between 7 and 81>'c1ock we felt tw0 more shocks without the sli1thtcst noise. ...our house was r:rembling..•the roof moved. The m:es were in movemen1 wilhout !he slightest wind. It is true, the white people must all go from lhe Nation; boWevcr, 4 smiths, S()tne school ceachers a.rid those who arc building mills for us a.re to be toleralbd. but later. they too must return to their own country..•.. Some of them anribuce the occurrence co the sorcerers; some, to a large snake which must have crawled under their house; some to the weakness and old age of the eanh which will soon cave in. . •.they held a grand feast and celebrated a great medicine dance. .• .. . . .if they believed and obeyed, then game would abound, the white ll1!ll1 would disappear. . • .• .• .instead of beef and bacon they would have venison, and instead of chicken they would have turkeys. . . •we heani today from a traveler tb:u in Taloni. •. thiny miles from here along the road to Georgia. in a field 13 sink holes appeared as a result of the earthquake. the largest of \\<hich is 20fcet deep and 120 feet in circumference and is. • .full of gn:enish water. . . .he would like to know whether lhe end of 1hc world were not near. .•• • sprin9. 1989 �J ...many lndians believe that the white people were responsible because they had already taken possession of so much of the Indian land and wruned still more. The Great Spirit is angry...and be wanted to put an end to it through eanhquakes. , Soon after the eanh had tremble4 an Indian was silting in his house in deep thought, his children were lying sick in front of the fire. ...a tall man appe~ clothed entirely in the foliage of ihe trees, with a wrca1b on his head. ..carrying a small child in his ami.~ and had a larger child by the hand. "The small child on my arm is the s ClJC:it Spirit. l am not able to tell you whether the Great Spirit will soon destroy the earth or not. 1be Great Spirit is not pleased that tbc lndillll$. have sold so 111uch land to the white man. :rugalo, wl!K:I\ is now possessed by white people, u; the r~t place the Great Spirit created. There in a hill he placed the firs& fire. for all fin: comes from the Great Spirit. . . .the white people have built a house on th3t hill. They should ab:lndon th~ place; on thru hill there ~hould be grass growing. only then will there be ptaee. ...the Indians no longer thank the Great Spirit before they enjoy the fust fruits of the land. They no longer have dances in his honor before they eat the first fruit~. You arc sad because you thin.le your childn:n m ill, they are not renlly ill. but have only taken in a. little dust.~ •.. he gave him two small piece5 of bark from a certain tree ••• and told him to cook them and to give the drink to his children. and from that they became weU right then. 7 ...the residents of one wwn fled into the hills and tried to crawl into hiding in the ho!~ of lhe rocks in order to escape the danger of I.he hail stones, the size of half bushels. which were to full .••.. ...numbers of the aibe.. .abandoned their bees. their orchards, their slaves, and everything else that might have come to them through the white man, and...took up their toilsome march for the mounwns of Carolina. ..•mills. clothes, feather beds and iables - worse still •.. books, and domestic cats! This was not good· theieforc the buffaloes and other game were disappearing. The Great Spirit was angry. and had withdrawn his protection. The Cherokees must return to the customs of their fathers. They must kill their cats, cut shon their frocks, and dress as became Indians and warriors. They must discard all the fashions of the whites, abandon the use of any communication with each other except by word of mouth, and give up their mills. their houses, and all the ans learned from the white people. ~ Oicrokecs arc at this time in a rcmarlc.able manner - occasioned by the late shocks of the eanh ·endeavoring to appease the Anger of the Ore3t Spirit They have revived thcnr religious dances of ancient origin to appease the Anger of the Great Spirit....with 115 much solemnicy as ever was seen in worship In our churches. They then repair to the water, go in and wash. These ablutions arc intended 10 show that their sins are washed away and that they are cleansed from all defilements. These fanatics or prophelS tell them that the Great Spirit is :ingry with them for adopting the manners, customs, and habfo; of the white people who, they think. are very wicked. Some of the females an: mutililting fine muslin drcsses and arc told that they must discontinue dancing n:cls and country dances whieh have become very common ampn~l the young people. . . .!here is llllk ...in the space of 3 months the moon would again become black. and thereafter hail stones as large as hominy blocks would fall, all cattle would die Md soon the earth would come to an end. A sorcerer said uncil then there would be peace; how things would be after thnt he did not know. that a new earth will come into being in the Spring.••.. •• ,it has bc!en revealed by the Great Spirit th:u there would be an intense darkm~ss and that it would last three day~ - during which :lll white people would be snatched away as well as 1111 Indians who had any clothing or household articles of the white man's kind.••• •.• they should put aside everything that i:. similar to the white people and that which they had learned from them, so that in the darkness the Great Spirit might not mistake them and snatch them a~ay. ... many llre doing away with their household articles and clothing.•.• The above ma1trial if parr fJf a /011ger work in progress. Jr is drawn entirelyfrom actual occounLS uf the events ~ntitmed, a.s recorded in ltrrers and diaries from the period, many of wlrich were locared in rhe Mortn•ian lfrchh'es In Winsron·Salem, North Carolina. 5 �Imagine what could happen over, say, the next five years, if similar projects were begun in cities and communities all around the region and beyond.... A Look at the Black Swan Center By C.8. Squire College students encouraging community economic development in the community that surrounds their campus? Thai is exactly what's happening in the Swannanoa River Valley. The effon is being carried out by student-faculty teams from Warren Wilson College working ou1 of the BlacJc Swan Center. The Black Swan Center. named for Black. Mountain and Swnnnanoa, !he two towns in !he Valley it embraces. is currently located on the Wnrrcn Wilson campus and serves as a community resouN:e organization for the entire area. A key ob)ective is to explore how small colleges can "serve as catalysts in their own backyards for community and ce-0nomic development projec ts," according to Black Swan directors Laura Temple Haney and Louise Solomon. Initially funded by grants from the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation and the Broyhill Family Foundation, the Center operates with a work/study crew made up of students and faculty advisers responsible for various individual projects of the Center. This "work crew". made up of fifteen students majoring in Sociology, Environmental Studies, Social Work, Political Science, and English, meets regularly to review their various projects centered around !he "community economic developmem" concept. The Black Swan Center grew out of lhe Swannanoa Valley Projcc1 (SVP), a land-use planning and economic development study carried out in 1985 by Swannanoa Valley residents and Warren Wilson College Staff, faculty, and students. Funded by the Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation and TV A, the SVP found that most project participants wanted the Valley to reverse its downward economic trend "while remaining an essentially rural area wilh a viable economic base." It became apparent thm what wa!"> needed was an ongoing community resource center to serve these needs. Thus, the Black Swan Center was born. The vital importance of a community planning and resource center such as this cannot be overestimated. Tf we wish to preserve and enhance the quality of life here in Kaniah, in ways thar nre ecologically and economically sound, we can no longer allow the haphazard and Shon-sighted type of growth and development that has predominated for decades. The key factor in reversing this trend and in finding truly workable solutions is to encourage local initiative, self-reliance, infonnalion exchange, and cooperative effort. This can be a very powerful grassroots movement, with far-reaching effects, but it demands susmined local commitment and involvement. This k:ind of sustained effon can best be supported JCQti&Qh Journot pc:M)e by citizens and businesspeople acting in concen with local academic institutions. After all, should we not make the mo.st of all of our available local resources, in order to assure the contin ued well-being of our communities? Only in this way can we intelligently deal with the tremendous forces of change that are confronting us. It is now critical !hat we re-learn and re-create the an of community - and projects such as the Black Swan Center arc beginning 10 lay the groundwork for !his crucial renaissance. In fact, this dynamic pilot project has already achieved tangible results. Imagine what could happen over, say, the next five years, if similar projects were begun in cities and communities all around lhe region and beyond. ... A key objective is to explore how small colleges can "serve as catalysts in their own backyards for community and economic development projects" ... In its first year, the Black Swan Center has been focusing on three essential components: (I ) A community economic development class for Warren Wilson students to prepare them to work in the Center; (2) development of a college work crew made up of faculty and students which operates and coordin:ncs Black Swan ruitivitics; and (3) a community-based education course for Valley residents designed to promote new business ventures, develop rural leadership Skills and teach community economic development concepts. AU three components are in place, with the community-based education course starting in March. Organalcd by Lisa Waners, a Sociology mnJOr, the course, "Community Development and the Economy in the Swannanoa Valley,''. is ~imed at .~elpmg Valley residents (l) "gain the leadership skills and ab1hoes that can make positive changes in the lives of the people that live in the Valley; (2) explore the Swunnanoa Valley community and its resources; (3) understand the problems facing the local economy; (4) seek: solutions. and; (5) determine what small businesses might succeed in the Valley." 16 Sprl.n.g, 1989 12 �As Lisa points out. this type of course was designed by the Highlander Center in Tennessee and has been used in such co~uniri~s. as Jellico,_Tennessee, and Dungannon, Virginia. Unlike tradiuonaJ educauon, the course doesn't separate learning from doing, theory from practice and education from work. "When Y?U put 'community' in front of 'economic development'," says Lisa, "it means ordinary citizens revitalizing their communities and stimulating quality economic development from within rather than waiting for the 'expens' to do it, or for outside industries 10 come in and provide jobs." In the long run, "community economic development doesn't only mean jobs. because ic can aJso make the difference in peoples' environments and quality of life." exploring options for municipal structures for the community of Swannanoa. He is also helping to draft a legal document that can be used as pan of an offical petition to the state to incorporate as a township. Christy Allred, an Environmental Studies major, and Katherine Crum, a Social Work major, are working with TV A 10 identify fanners in the Valley who are interested in growing specialty crops such as shiitake mushrooms and baby watennelons. Two workshops are planned, one in May, the other in the fall of 1989, that wiU bring Canners from Buncombe and Madison County together 10 discuss agricultural problems and trends facing the area and how to effectively market specialry crops. The 10.week course will be fnciJiiated by Louise Solomon and Laura Temple Haney, both faculty members at Warren Wilson, and Marilyn Bass, of the YMJ Cultural Center in Asheville. In the second part of this course, they will be joined by Tim Richnrds, of the Small Business Technology Development Center, and Dana Smith, of the Self-Help Credit Union, who will specifically instruct participants on how to work with a business idea. One of the more impn:ssive activities growing out of the Black Swan Center is a waste management center, directed by Melissa Gildersleeve, an lntercultural Studies major. Alrendy in operation on the College campus, the Center includes a processing pavilion for rccycleable items, including a baler for cardboard and specially designed "drop-off' bins for recycling glass, cans and newspapers. The waste management center grew out of a class exercise in an Environmental Policy cl:iss artd has resulted m the recycling of much of the 25,000 lbs/yr. of ttash generated by the collegc--trllSh that had been caned to the county landfill at a cost of up to Sl2,000/yr. Melissa bcheves that within a couple of years the college's waste management costs will be entirely covered by n:venucs from recycling. Her bu.~iness plan includes e~panding the College's program by establishing five more "drop·off' collection sues in the Swannaoa Valley, possibly as early as this spring. While important to carrying out the aims of the Center, the course in communicy economic development th.is spring is by no me~ns ~h~ center's sole: agenda_. A small ~usincss development project is in progress with the rum of "keeping more money in the Valley" by encouraging businesses in the area to buy from each other whenever possible, explained Brad Brock. another Sociology major and one of the Business Development coordinators for the Center. He added that the Black Swan Center and the Swannanoa Valley Ch:tmbcr of Commerce have almost completed a business directory of the Valley with one section made up of chamber members and the other. "the green pages". listing all valley-owned businesses. Brad and his partner. Rebel Bailey, an Environmental Studies 1113jor and owner of a flourishing backpack business. have a!so been working with Nonh Carolina REAL Enterprise (Rural &onomic Alternative Leaming, localed in Raleigh, North Carolina) 10 design a curriculum on developing student-owned enterprises for Wam:n Wilson College. Fffty people attended a five-pan series of workshops called "Business Basics''. Post-workshop follow-up has resulted in consulting sessions with four entrepreneurs with a "good strong prospect" for getting a business up and running in the Valley. Still another project for Brad and Rebel is the Stan-up of a breakfast club, modeled after the Briarpatch program on the west coast, that will provide networking opponunities for local entrepreneurs and owners of small businesses in the Valley. Another Black Swan project, headed by Heidi Erick.son. :in Environmental Studies and Education major, is a literacy program with a new twist-worlting directly with the business community to improve literacy. Heidi explains that those unable to read and write are often reluctant to tell their employers or their lack of reading skills. But one area employer, Charles D. Owen m, has agreed to have a literacy project operating at his plant site, with employees receiving half-pay for the time they spend on learning to read. Heidi's project has already trained 12 people at Warren Wilson College to teach such courses. Still another project of the Center involves working with the Alternative Energy Corporation. based 1n the Research Triangle area, in developing a "Community Energy Campaign~ for the Valley. This project plans to help weatherize non-profit buildings anc,1 to audit heat loss in college and community buildings-including the former Carver Alternative School property in Black Mountain which the county has just acquired from the town's Parks & Recreation DepanmenL Eventually, with this campaign, the Center hopes to help the community save much of the 40 miJlion dollars a year or so lhat leaks out in energy cosrs in the Swannanoa Valley. Dan Scbeuch, a Political Science major, has been working with Swannanoa Valley residents and the Nonh Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Co1TUI1un1ty Development in Sprt.nq. t989 Although all the ~tudents working at the Black Swan Center have different 'main' projects they are working on. they all have one thing in common. Each panicipates in one another's programs... wch as lending the experti~e the1y have gained in desktop publishing, to knocking on doors of local businesses. to picking up the College'!\ waste and recycleablcs from around campus once a week. For the future, chc Black Swan Ccnu;r hopes 10: organize n Swannanoa Valley community work day: perhaps relocate the Center more into the heart of the community: encourage other small colleges in Appalachia to explore setting up a similnr program. and, in general. coordinate the community development projects and courSCS and the starrup of at least one student-run entesprise. One of the most promising aspects of this entire project is for the Black Swan Center to serve as a working model for other insututions in the region. They. too. may want to embark on a similar cooperative program of community development that., in the words of the Center's grant application, "will overcome the 'LOwn-gown' barriers that separate so many colleges from their neighbors." To quote Gnscom Morgan, son of Arthur Morgan who founded the Cclo community in Yancey County. and who bjmself for the last four decades has inspired and assisted the cause of community through his association with Community Service. Inc.; "We need fol,k colleges-people's colleges...not jus1 for intellect.uals or whites, b11t to do what Highlander College (now Clllled Highlander Center) has done for Appalachia and the South. lf we had folk colleges 10 which the working class and rural people from across a region could come and htive association with the intellecruaJs--then rerum to their local communities with the strength and conviction of their own culture--tbese different groups of the common people could reinforce each other.• Morgan's dream is being rcallz.ed by a group of pioneers: so~ fifcecn students with very diverse background.<>, two faculty advisors, and an involved community•..... You are welcome 10 visit this dynamic center or call for more infonnation. The Black Swan Ctn1er, 701 Warren Wilson Road, Swanrwnoa, North Carolina 28778. (704) 299-9306 �wlld lovely days the wild lovely days come with a wind tossed violence they awaken a tantalizing bitterness of memory the spring morning of lilacs the wilting high noon of orange poppies the late afternoon sun of autumn marigolds and now the great wheel of night spins with dazzling circles of blue and gold light �dancer the tender talents of earth swelling with rapture birdsong and blue sky fluttering encore a thousand thousand leaves turning rich dark colors awaiting opulent carnage exalted limbs rising against dark skies crucible answer I who hurried thru lhe years running this way and that sometimes strangely knowing sometimes weeping beside the road spent at last, alone bereft of all I sought you came to me slowly without my knowing you touched me the stream carries me my face is wet I am submerged I will not let fear of drowning darken the bright water all that rs bright and clear filters thru the translucent waves of faith, the ineffable substance that fills the yearning crucible with timeless light endless peace Selections from the book Wifd Lovely Days. portraits of moments In time and nature expressed in complementary words and images. THE POET· THE PHOTOGRAPH:R; Ellmboth Griffin Is an artist, poet, and former lawyer residing in Highlands. Katuah Province. Gii Leebrick is an environmentally concerned falher, husband, mediator, photographer, and director of the Appalachian Environmental Arts Center in Highlands. �.:•····;••·.................................... .,.... .. .... .... .~~· ~ ~ i{ NATURAL \~. : wORLD : ~ ~ ~ ~ ·! i: \. .. :I .. NEWS .. .. ·~. .( .~ .. "!, ·:. .: ~~~~~.·~··· · · ~·.·.·.•.•.•.·.·· · · ....~::::::!: .!· ?· PANTHERTOWN RESTORED! Nllllnl World NCWJ Str-i= In one Inst expression of disdain for Congress and the Appalachian b1orcgion, the Reagan administration m the la.~L days of its reign took away money slated for the pun:hase of the Pa.nthenown tract high in the headwaters of the Tuckasegee River. Through an arrangement with Duke Power Company, which wants to run a high-voltage power line across pan of the Panthenown area, Congress hod appropriated $8 million to buy the remainder of the propeny for inclusion in National Forest Jnnds. Under a rechnicaliry the our-going administration stole away that money. plus $47 million for other land appropriations. to pay the costS of fighting the famous Yellowstone fire and other fires that occurred in the summer of 1988 in drought-soicken western states. On March 13. 1989, however, the Office of Management and Budget reversed the order, and put the money back into the special Land and Water Conservation Fund, where it is once available for land acquisition purposes. It is expected that the Panthcnown purchase will be able to be completed this summer. COLEY CREEK IS SAFE! Systems Research Group, to review the Coley Creelc plan. The study group pointed out that fuel prices would have to escalate considerably lO make the Coley Creek project economically viable. However, cbe consultants' review found that the most economical approach would be to emphasize "demand-side programs." These programs hcreate" extra energy by promoting conservation on the pan of utility customers through steps such as rewarding customers for efficient energy use pancrns and helping to cut down on energy consumption by wealherization programs, promoting energy-efficient appliances, etc. A more careful and judicious use of energy reduces the need for increased energy production. The report showed that through energy conservation Duke could make avnilable the same amount of energy that the Coley Creek pumped storage project would have provided. but at one-third the cost. The repon outlined five different demand-side programs and gave srep-by-srep directions for their implement.arlon. Bill Thomas, co-chair of rhe Jocassee Wate~hed Coalition, said, "h could be very imponant for a company like Duke to stan a series of pilot programs in energy conservation. Even if they weren't completely convinced that this was the best way to go, they should :u least experiment and find out for themselves what programs wo11ld work and what wouldn't." "In September the Nonh Carolina Utilities Commission will hold a series of six hearings at locations across the stare to gather public comment on a proposed least-cost planning rule that will include demand-side management items. A good tum-out by people s~ak.ing on behalf of these measures wouJCI show the COinmission where the public suppon lies." The Jocnssee Watershed has obtained a reprieve from funher depredations by Duke Power, but efforts continue to gain binding legislauve protection for the basin through designation of the Thompson and the \v'hitewater as Wild and Scenic Rivers. (The Horsepasturc River already has protected stntus.) Preliminnry studies have already been completed, and show very definttely that further srudy is justified. "We need to g~t legislacors to press the North Carolina Natural Resoun:es and Community Development Department to complete their sruclies so that the lcgislat.ion can proceed," said Thomas. "We arc asking people interested in the future of the Jocnssee Watershed to contact their state n:presentatives and ask them to get involved with this.'' ...AND NOW CHAITOOGA Duke Power Company has announced that it is postp<>ning indefinitely the Coley Creek Pump Storage Project, which would have done devastating environmental damage in the beautiful Jocassee Watershed area in the foothills of the Blue Ridge. Officially, the company said that a review of fuel prices and the economics of the pumped storage alternative convinced them that providing power by coal plants or combustion turbines was economically more advantageous. What the company did not mention was that they had met stiff resistance to the project every step of the way from the Jocassee Watershed Coalition, a broad-based organization of hikers, hunters. fishermen, and environmental groups. which may also have influenced their decision. With a grant from the Babcock Foundation. the coalition had hired an independent consulting firm, the Energy ~ )o"'nat P • 20 Officials of Rabun County, Georgia and the Associated Consulting Group are conspiring to build a jetpon on a mountaintop in the upper reaches of the Chattooga River, which is designated as a Wild and Scenic River. Preliminary design studies of the site illegally conducted by Associated Cousulting at the request of the Rabun County government have detennined that they would need t.o level the entire mountaintop to make room for the jet planes to land. The jets would take off and land directly over the river and roar over remote wild areas in their flighL The potential impacts on the Chattooga watershed would be devastating. They include massive sedimentation, wildlife habitat destruction, and noise pollution, as well as the fouling of the water and air. The remote and wild character of the Chattooga whitewater run would be severely degraded by the low-altitude overflighcs. The US Forest Service has refused ro talce a position to protect the "wild and scenic" status of the Chattooga despite their legislative mandate under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act to do so. The agency has even backed down from an earlier comrninment to require an Environmental Impact Statement for actions affecting any Forest Service site. The American Rivers organization and a coalition of local citizens is working on behalf of the river. They say, ''Since t.be Forest Service has refused to direct the county away from the Chanooga site, citizen voices are essential to prevent the Chattooga site from bemg selected. The county and Associated Consulting are known to have a bias in favor of the Chattooga site, and only overwhelming public sentiment against lhe site can change their minds." Make yourfeelings known! Write: Associated Consulting Group 3 I5 W. Po111::e de Leon Ave. (Suite 125) Decatur, OA 30084 Kenneth Henderson, Forest Supen·i,s()r Cl111ual100d~e National Forest 508 Oak St. NW Gainesville. GA 30501 American Rivers 801 Pennsylvania Ave. SE (Suire 303) Washington. DC 20003 WHAT'S AN EIS? (or JUDGE HALTS VULCAN) There will be no rock quarry in Flat Creek nt least not anytime soon. Vulcan Matenals Company had planned to dig a 58-acre, open-pit quarry near Weaverville despite protests from local residents until Buncombe County Superior Coun Judge Roben D. Lewis voided Vulcan's state permit early this 'd year. Some 450 North Buncom be rest ents snowed up at the last public hearing in October of 1987. Most were against the quarry projecL The group fonned the North Buncombe Association of Concerned Citizens, which filed suit against VuJcan, a Fortune 500 company, and several state officials. Residents claimed in their suitS tha1 the mining permit was issued 10 the company despite evidence from expens that the quarry, which would have been sited about two miles nonh of the town of Weaverville, would deplete and pollute area groundwater. Spri-n9, 1989 �INCINERATORS THREATEN AIR QUALITY Jllmnl World News Service "Cloudy skies" would be the long-term weather forecast for meb'OpoliUUl Knoxville and all points downwind if four new waste incinerators were to come into operation in the area. Three proposed incinerators in the Knoxville area and one that is already constructed 1hrea1en 1he Great Smoky Mounrains National Park, only 40 miles downwind, and the already beleaguered mounrains of the Kan1ah province. Cum:n!ly, air in the Smokies ranks it among the ten most polluted of all the National Parks. It used to be that the Park was only "smokey" during the summer months when natural chemicals from the forest vegetation combined with panicles in the air. Now, even on a clear winter day, the view is noticeably hazy. An estimated 70% of the pall is due to air pollution. The Department of Energy (DOE) has built an incinerator at the K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. According to engineer John Patton of the Division of Air Pollution Conttol for the State of Tennessee, it is licensed under the Toxic Substances Control Act to burn radioactively contaminated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and other wastes which are generated at the DOE facilities at Oak Ridge, Paducah, and the Ponsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plants. The incinerator bums only propane gas now, but when it goes on line in the summer of 1989, it will burn 3000 pounds of r.idioactive waste every hour. A similar incinerator was defeated in Rocky Flats, Colorado through public opposition. A private company mis-named the Safe Ecology Group is proposing to build another incinerator on Bear Creek Road in Oak Ridge that will bum low-level radioactive waste for volume reduction. According to Lisa Finaldi of the Nonh Carolina Clean Water Fund, this incinerator will take low-level radioactive waste from states that are members of radioactive waste compact agreements, such as North Carolina and New York, reduce the volume of the waste, and then send it back to the states for disposal. The capacity of this incinerator will be 10,000 pounds of radioactive waste per hour. Also in the site selection stage is the East Knoxville mass burn incinerator that will be operated by Foster-Wheeler Power Systems of New Jersey. The proposed incinerator will bum 900 tons of municipal garbage a day. According to a Solid Waste Authority spokesperson in Knoxville, "The incinerator and recycling will be used to decrease landfill dependency.'' Opponents of the incinerator, however, declare that incineration will decrease the recycling incentive, since the operating company has a flat guarantee from the city and the county that it will receive a certain amount of waste to bum 10 produce electricity. Recyclers fear that quota will be filled by waste that would otherwise be potentially recoverable. . Electricity sales will not cover operation and maintenance costs for rhe incineraror facility. A group called CARE in Knoxville claims that the Solid Waste Authority did not compare the cost of incineration, which will come to $370 million over a 20-year period, with the coStS of alternative methods of reducing solid waste, i.e. commercial Sprl.ncj, l989 and household recycling, baling (compressing THE FATE OF THE ROSE garbage), and composting (brush, leaves, etc.). Even with an incinerator, about 40% of from• n;iort by N~ Blmhlrdl solid waste must be landfilled. A new landfill will Years ago the Agriculture Depanment be needed in Knox County whether there is an incincr.1tor or noL Incinerators actually raise the brought the multiflora rose into Virginia for soil cost of disposal, because incinerator a.sh is a conservation and to attTact wildlife. Now the state hazardous waste and must be sto1ed using encourages the eradication of this plant and may be expensive protective techniques in special making a mistake that will tum out to be far more serious than the spread of the shrubby muhiflora landfills. The CARE group also points out that, even bush. Montgomery and Grayson counties have with air pollution conttols, incinerators pose a passed, and Floyd county is considering, risk to public health that carries an incalculable legislation to force landowners to keep the plant cosL The most dangerous chemicals cannot be from scrting seed on their propeny. Farmers say that the roots of this plant arc seen or smelled. hard to lc:ill. Pulling multiflora roots out of the Finally, next door to the proposed site for ground usually causes tbero to start new plants. the Knoxville mass bum incinerator, the Dixie The multiflora grows in too many out-of-the-way Cement Company may bum bai.ardous waste in a places to keep it all cut. Therefore, the st.ate convened cement kiln. recommends herbicides to lcilltbe plant - herbicides that are particularly apt to contaminate groundwater. Dicamba and 2,4-D arc both on the list of pesticides which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers most lillely to leach into groundwater. Piclorfam, which is also on the EPA leaching list, is conrained in the pellets ofTordon, a restricted-use herbicide. SLUDGE ISSUE STILL STEAMING Though 2,4-D is not restricted and is classed only as a "possible carcinogen," it may soon be reclassified, because recent studies by the National Institute of Cancer have shown a link There is a new development in the bat!le between 2,4-D and cenain types of cancer. As over the fate of Buncombe County's sewage 2,4-D breaks down, it can form products of decomposition rhat are more toxic than the original sludge: Advanced Alkaline Stabilization. With encouragment from the Buncombe formulation. Like Tordon and Dicamba, 2,4-0 can County Commissioners, the Buncombe also be contaminated with nitrosamines, which are Metroplltan Sewerage District (MSD) has agreed cancer-causing. or more immediate concern is the stress which pesticides put on rhe kidneys and 10 hold a hearing on this waste treatment process, which mixes sludge with kilned lime dusr other pans of the human body. William (quicklime). ~ng pathogens and raising the pH agronomy at Wes1 Bryon, associate professor of Virginiu University Wiil> quolcd of the mixture, thus binding heavy metals and making the resulting material suitable for in the Roanoke TimtS of January 29, 1988 that herbicides cannot eradicate the multiflora rose and spreading on farm pastures. The hearing is are not wonh using. He also mentions a natural scheduled to be held in Asheville on March 21. rosette disease Foes of che sludge incinerator say that che control called Missouri. Thiswhich is spreading this way from disease, spread by outcome of that hearing will detennine their future a mite, can accomplish what the herbicides can't strategy. "If the MSD continues to favor the and kills the multiflora in a few years. incineration process," said Paul Gallimore of the (conlinucd on next .-ae} Long Branch Environmenral Education Center, "we will push for a review of the Environmental Protection Agency's health risk assessment that OK'd the incinerator proposal. "The EPA assessment is flawed. They looked at only one possible pathway for airbome pollution from the incineraror to enter the body by air inhalation - when actually there are four other possible parhways - through direct contamination of food, food grown in contaminated soils, dermal exposure, and inhalation of contaminared soil or dust. "After some method - any method - of sludge treatment is chosen, the next step is to put pressure on the MSD to righten up industrial pre-ueatrnent standards for wastes. Carcinogens and heavy metals should not be allowed to leave the point of origin regardless of the waste treatment technology selected." The MSD has agreed to institure a pilot operation to tesc the feasibility of composting sewage sludge no mauer what treatment process is used for the bulk of the county's wasre. "This is very positive," said GaJJimore. "Where an incinerator will give out in 20 or 30 years and have to be completely replaced at great expense, a composting operation just keeps turning out the humus. Biological microorganisms just don't quit." �(CQn.tinucd from pag$ 21) MOUNTAIN PEOPLE SAY "CUT THE CLEARCUITING" Nanni Wcxld News Savice The Western Nonh Carolina Alliance (WNCA) bas launched a public campaign to Fuade the US Forest Service (USFS) to change us primary timber management technique, even-aged management. Under that scheme patches of the National Forests up to 40 acres in size an: cut to the ground so that the resulting regrowth is of uniform size and easier 10 harvest. Alliance members held an anti-clearcuuing protest demonstration in front of the Forest Service headquarters in downtown Asheville. Banners and signs proclaiming "Cut the Clearcutting" were hoisted by the protesters who want the Forest Service to adopt a timber management strategy that relics heavily on uneven-aged management, which is based on careful examination of individual siteS and logging prescriptions that call for the thinning of undesirable trees as welJ as the removal of good sawtimbcr. so that future growcb is improved. Uneven-aged management requires greater expertise and auention to detail on the part of foresters, and the Forest Service claims it docs not have the budget to suppon these extra demands on its staff. Demonsttators lined the sidewalks in front of the USPS offices with tree stumps to ~give the flavor of what a forest of stumps looks like," said WNCA member Monroe Gilmour. Also displayed was a 90-foot long petition containing over 1,700 .names of Katuah residents opposed to clearcuning. The campaign was also carried into local ranger districts at several meetings held to give local community members a chance to speak about proposed clearcurs in their immediate areas. Over 100 Clay County residents auended a community meeting in Hayesville to protest planned clearcutting in their county. Retired fores1cr Walton Smith, chair of the WNCA Timber Management Taste Force, told the gathering that since the clcarcuuing method was iniri:ued the qualit) of the timber production had substanrially declined. Smith noted that the growth of sprouted limber, as found in clcarcuis. was substantially faster, but produced trees of poorer quality than trees grown from seed. Sprouts produced a cross-grain growth that created a weakness in the lumber, he said. Smith recently walked scveml clearcuts with USFS Regional Supervisor Bjorn Dahl. Smith said Dahl was "quite surprised'' to see a tract under uncven-:iged management thnt W3S full of young seedling trees. whereas the clearcut areas were full of sprouts. In another meeting with Forest Service personnel and a.ides to legis!Ative representatives, 150 Madison County residents met to protest proposed road construction and clcarcuning at the top of Bearpcn Ridge. The residenis complained that the road and the clearcutting operation would cause sedimentation in Hickey Fork Creek and would destr0y the trout hatchery there. The cold creek waters offer challenging fishing for rainbow and native brook trout The steep. remote forests in the Hickey Fork Creek watershed ~ovide excellent habiiat for bears and other wildlife, and the area is popular with bunters. Many in the assemblage were bear hunters who were concerned that the new roads and the clearcutting would cause bears to shy away &om the area. They were especially alarmed JGcitilah 'o~Ml P • 22 to learn that a stand of large white oalcs on top of Bearpen Ridge were t0 be included in the clearcut The hunters. who were all familiar with the woods and wildlife in the area. agreed that this .stand was one of the most imponant mast-eroducing areas in the region and that it was heavily used by bears. After hearing their concerns, Frank Roth of the USFS indicated that he would set aside an acre of so of the largest trees so that they could continue 10 provide wildlife food. The WNCA is plannning a "Cut the Clearcuuing" rally on April 15 at 11 :00 in the City-County Plaza with music, talks, and presenta1ion of a protest pe1itioo to USFS officials. For copies of the petirion in favor of uneven -aged forest management, or more informt111on on the "CUI the Clearct1tting" campaign, write or aJil: The Wesrern Nonlr Caro/iM Alliance P.O. Box 18087 Asheville, NC 28814 (704) 258- 8737 To win $50 in the "Ugliest Clearcut Photo Contest," send entries 10 tlU! Alliance by April I. Bjorn Dahl, Regional Forester US Porest Service Box 2750 Asheville, NC 28802 (704) 2574200 . ............. PEREGRINE FALCONS FLEDGE While the Natural World News often seems gloomy. here is a linle light: Scott Ball. a temporary eml'loyec of the NC Wildlife Resources Commission's Nongame Program, perched high up on Whiteside Mountain, observed lhe first confinned naturally-bred peregrine falcon to fledge in the Kal\fah province since 1957. With the help of volunteer falcon wa1chers, wildlife biologists found five pairs of peregrine falcons defending territories at mountain cliffs last ycor Three of these pairs made nesting attempts. Two pairs each raised a single chick to fledging age. Wildlife biologists seem cau11ously optimistic. While this level of reproduction will nol sustain 1he newly-established peregrine population, these successful auempts may augur well for the fuwre of this magnificent predator in Karuah. Biologisis will continue releases of young captive-bred peregrines for several more years. but will release a smaller number each year. ln 1988 18 young falcons were released along the Blue Ridge near Mt. Mitchell and on Grandfather Mountain. Biologists have released 63 young peregrine falcons in the mountains since the restoration effort began in 1984. If five breeding pairs can be csmblished in the Southern Appalachians, the program's emphasis will then switch to protection and management of the nesting peregrines. Excerptedfrom a report by John_ Alderman \..: CHEMTRONICS SPEWS POISONS Toe infamous Chemtronics plant in Swannahoa. North Carolina has dumped hundreds of thousands of potinds of a highly toxic industrial solvent into the air over the past several months, despite pleas of a company chemist to install equipment that would h.ave caught 90 percent of the chemical. . The plant has released 256 596 pounds of tetrachloroclhylcne, which is acutely or chronically toxic. according to \he US, Environmental Protection Agency '<EPA). The .solvent i~ also believed to destroy ozone in Jiu; high atmosphere, allowing increased pen~~at1on 9[, l;larmful ultra-viol~t radi;nio.o from ~he sun. Terrachloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen and contribwes 10 s111o,g and air poJtutfon close to the Eanh's.$urface. .J • , Cbemtronics senior sc1entiSt, John Tylldall. who charted the releases. said a11 9ne.poln1t 'The cnvfronmental . impac~ (<~f the (eleases) is enormous. and wt:. need \o act on this situation immediately." He has since beep laid off by Chemtronics. Plans were approved for the installation of a recovery system to capture the escaping solvent, but Chemtronics' parent company, Halibunon Corporation. never advanced the money to pay for the lnstaUa1ion, according to a ~ll_en;llronics official. rn other recent and' rel~ued news, negotiauons between the companies responsible for dumping toxic industrial wastes at the Chemtronics Supcrfund site in Swnnnanoa have broken down, delaying clean-up of the former military munitions plant there. according to the EPA. Chemtronics, along with former owners Northrop Corporation and Ce~nese Corporaiion cannot agree on who should pay how much. The breakdown in ncgotialions means a delay of months and possibly years in the clean-up operation if the disagreement 1s submiued to litigation. according to EPA official John Bomholm. Celanese Corp. bought the now-polluted propcny in 1959 and made explosive!\, solid propellants, shells, rocket motors, and chemical agents the.re. Northrop Corp. bought 1he facility in 1965 and continued the military contracts. Jn 1971 Ainronics. Inc. leased the site and continued the work through its Cbemtronics division. Chemtronics bought the plant from Northrop in 1978, about the same time the EPA discovered the presence of more than 50 organic chemicals which had leaked into the surrounding soil and groundwater. In another recent corporate shuffle, the Halibl.lrlon Co. has dissolved its Chemtronics branch. and has turned the Swannanoa plant over co its Je1 Research subsidiary "We'rl! going LO be a lot more responsible company environmentally," said Bob King, Jet Research vice-president. "Jct Research makes warheads and other explosives for the military, but the processes will not involve the release of dangerous substances into the air and groundwater, as was the practice at the plant for so long." -SprLnq, 19U �REVIEW: Sacred Land Sacred Sex RapIUTe ofthe Deep: Concerning Deep Ecology and Celebrating Life by Dolores LaOuipelle (Pinn Hill AIU; Silvcncn, CO; 1988) '7n this kind of learni11g, there is no knowledge, in the usual stnse, to process and convey; thert is instead a deepening of anenlion to the pattern ofall lift around you, so tltat you ~gin to /Jw 'JOllT life accordUtg to thal pattern.• - DoWu LaC•Ue "Biorcgion" is a word of power. It encompasses what scientists call an "ecosystem," but goes beyond the mechanistic limitations of scientific nomenclature. A bioregion is clearly a community, a land alive - plants, animals. soil, water, sunlight, all the elements of life womng tOJCther. each sustaining the others. "Bioregion" is a word with the nng of rightness to it. The word "biorcgional" follows. It is descriptive, "panalcing of the qualities of the lioregion," but it is a little longer and the truth that resonates in the original noun is just ever so slightly diminished. But "bioregionalism" is a word that cmies no force whatsoever. Whenever the odious "-ism" is added to an otherwise usefuJ root idea, it completely drains whatever value for powerful communication that original word may previously have possessed. That simple suffix, just three letters, hardens a worthwhile approach to life into a dogmatic school of institutionalized thought, limits flexibility, and rums a life-giving relationship with the natural world into a set of precepts to be debated pro and con in sterile classrooms. "Deep ecology" is an alternative phrase inspired by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess to define the auth of our individual and collective relationship to the natural world. The phrase has drawbacks. It is based in part on the Greek word meaning ''study," because ecology was developed as an interdisciplinary course of i:nstroction to explain the relationships between the different elements of a place and how they work together to sustain life. Now, however, the word "ecology" has grown beyond the idea of "a course of study" to mean an acrual life community and the web of relationships on which i1 depends. "Deep ecology" lacks the evocative sense of a phrase like "furure primitive," which describes people living in the world. "Future primitive" predicts a technology thar is sophisticated to the point of simplicity. It refers to a people whose culture is beautifully complex rather than needlessly complicated, because it is based on primal values as well as biologically accurate observation. Yet, while the actual choice of words may be somewhat stiff, the definition of "deep ecology" is eloquent. lt is ecology with a difference. The essential tenet of deep ecology is that there is intrinsic value to life in all its fonns. To fully understand deep ecology one must identify one's "self" as "all that lives." This in tum demands perceiving the world with more of our brain than the neo-conex, the seat of the intellect. Sensual and instinctual responses are as valuable for survival as intellectual analysis. It is also assumed that a full realization of the principles of deep ecology requires that one acts on them - it is necessary to defend the Earth and to work at changing our culture. This is what living is all about. This is "bioregionalism" as it should be. "Deep ecology" is useful as a t:ranSitional concept to describe our odysse.Y back into the world. It is not the perfect turn of phrase, but usage ts what lends definition, and those who are maJctng the strongest stance for the Eanh are doing so in the name of deep ecology. It is deep enough to suffice until we simply can say ~being," and other people undersmnd. ~ing, Because that is what it is all about, isn't i1? Being, simply here. Yet in these times that is such a complicated mauer. And it is the hardest of all things to express. The sages have always said, "The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao.• And that is where Dolores LaChapelle steps in. She has attempted the impossible - and done it valiantly. Her book Sacred Land Sacred Sex Raprure of ti~ Deep oies to communicate in words what can only be known through experience: the essence of deep ecology. Dolores LaChapelle herself is well aware of this paradox, which is faced by anyone who writes. And, like all writers, sbe feels compelled 10 wrestle with iL So in writing about deep ecology she takes another approach. Like a hawk, Dolores circles, circles. She first describes the essential mystery by describing the conditions of itS absence, and tells us the story of how we Lost touch with it. She then directs us 10 teachers who can demonstrate ic our animal relations in their rituals; authentic members of primitive cultures; scientists and psychologists who explore our deeper self And she introduces us to guides who can help us to find our own way: sage, the drum, the gourd rattle, Tai Chi, ritual, and, of course, the mounulins. Sacred land Sacred Sa Raprun of the Deep is a beautiful book - as deep in the telling as in the subject maner - created through a blend of hard scholarship, an unswerving dedication to the sacred, fierce passion, and the life experience of one of the true elders of our clan. (continued on next page) �(continued rrom page 4) (cantinuad fJom ~ 23) It is a difficult book, because I.he closer one approaches lO the essenr:ial truth, the more do ideas become unbound. ~e more do words betray their meanin&. But Doto~ La Chapelle is a_ woman of great intellectual stamma. Th~ stones and observatt.o ns we encounter along this convoluted JOume.Y arc ~th ~mg and wonderful. and each episode of the book is absorbing m itself. But, tnken together, the insights delineate an infonnational fiel~ that conveys a full sense (not mctely a pinned-to-the-board analysis) of what deep ecology is all about Impossible as it is to transmit an experiential stnte through linear type, the book Sacred land. Sacred ~G ROf~"e of tlu! Deep expertly i.rtfoans inclividuaJ cxpenence. It 1s a trauung manual that reaches the reader how to open up to the deepest elements of his or her own life joumey. After reading Dolores LaChapelle's book, we know the danger signals to watch for in our culture and in our own psyche. We know where io look and how to call for instruction. And we know what it feels like when we reach hannony, the center of the world We arc prepared to experience the sacred. Hopefully, the day will come when the concept "deep ecology" is obsolete, books will no longer be needed, and our minds won't be enmeshed in ideas. Then we won't have 10 sacrifice U'CCS to our earnest attempts IO explain the Mystery. Then a story, a night of love, a smile, or the wind moving a leafy branch will be communication enough. But until then we should be glad we have teachers such as Dolores LaChapelle. • reviewtd by David Whultr #' "AFFORDANCES" From Sacred land Sacred Sex Rapture of the Deep phase peoples cultivated most of their food, and supplemented their crops with native foods hunted and gathered from the forest. There was a ceremonial center with room coougb for large gatherings, built on raised earthen mounds. Ther~ wer~ semisubterranean eanh lodges. progenitors or those bwlt dunng the historic Qualia phase by the Cherokee. . . Pisgah phase peoples ma.de cane mats, the 1~prcssions of which were found in graves, even though the actual amcles no longer remained. Graves were dug in the floors or dwellings, and the dead were usually buried in a flexed posicion (lying on their sides in foetal position). They were accompanied by turtle shell rattles, bone neck.laces, tools of srone and bone, and pottery. Support Your Local Ar<:haeologist The Pisgah Village sue in McDowell County has been excavated primarily with volunteer labor, much of on the pan of local residents. Robinson is grateful for such suppon; in fact, it was local interest that made excavation possible in the first place. Archaeologists usually receive funding to conduct retrieval of information only when n site is threatened by development The rather comical image of the archaeologist busily sifting through the din in front of a moving bulldoi.eris all too real Robinson urges everyone who discovers artifacts or a possible archaeological site to contact him at Wam:n Wilson College, or get in touch with any archaeology laboratory. such as those located at Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, or Appalachian State University io Boone. Archaeological sites are resources to be preserved, protected, and revered. It is only by careful recovery of the infonnatioo they contain, which often takes many years of study, that we will benefit from these historic resources. At a time when population saturation, disease, and decimation of our narura.I resources threatens our very survival, we cannot afford to desrroy the evidences of our region's past, which might perhaps offer answers for our fu1ure. Persons i111erested in leaniing f11()re abow archaeology can contact the Archaeological Society of Norrh Carolina; Research Laboratories of Archaeology; Universiry of Non/1 Carolina, and the Friends of North Carolina Archaeology, NC Depanmenc of Cu/rural Resources; 109 E. Jones St.; Raleigh, NC 27611. Archaeologist Ken Robinson may~ co111acted by writing him a1 Warren Wilson College, SwannallOQ, NC 28778 or calling (704) 298-3325. ~ "The affordances of the environment are what it offers the animal, what it provides or furnishes, either for good or ill." "Afford." as a verb, is found in the dictionary, but (James J.) Gibson (of c.ome11 University) made up I.he word ''ajforda.nce." He explains that this word refers to both the environment and the animal (including the human) "in a way that no existing tenn does. It implies the complementarity of the animal and the environment." This is precisely why I think this word is so important In our culture, we tend lO think that humans have discovered all these amazing things; in some ways we believe that these things didn't even exist until humans found them. I've been trying 10 break down this laner presupposition throughout this work; first, by showing how the affordancc we call the gourd gave us agri.culture and later with other examples. Once you begin using this word, you will find that every day you will realize how nature provides affordances for us to use. It's all there before us - it's not dependent on humans to figure it out This is a giant step forward in overcoming our culturallr,-induced split from nature. These affordanccs 'arc the way specific regions of the environment directly address themselves to particular species or individuals. Thus, to a human, a maple tree may afford 'looking at' or 'sitting under,' while 10 a sparrow it affords 'perching,' and '? a squincl it affords 'climbing.' But these values are not found inside the minds of the animals. Rather I.hey are...a reciprocal interchan~e between the living intentions of any animal and the dynamic affordances of its world ...The psyche .. .is a property of the ccosysLCm as a whole." _, - Dolores LoChopelle ' FOR FURTI!ER READING: Dickens, Roy S .. and J(JJ'MS l. McKinley. Frontiers in the Soil: The Archaeology of Georgia (Chapel Hill; Fronriers Pub. Co.; 1979) Hudson, Charles. The Southeastern Indians (Kn<>xville; University o/Tennessu Press: 1978) Keel, Bennie C .. Cherokee Archaeology: A Study of the Appalachian Summit (Knoxville; University of Tennessee Press; 1976) Mathis, Mark A. and Jeffrey J . Crow. The Prehistory of Nonh Carolina: An Archaeological Symposium (Raleigh, NC Div. of ArclUvesandHistory: 1983) McHargue, Georgena and Michael Ro~rrs. A Field Guide to Conservation Archaeology in North America (PhUadelphla: J.B . Uppincorr Co.; 1977) Wetmore. Rwh. First on the Land: The North Carolina Indians (Winston-Sa/em; l<>hn F. Blair, PublishQ; 1977) Wa.m:n Wilsoo College will offer an archaeologic:al f"icld 1thool 1his summer lhnt wdl focus on the Pisgah Village site. SllldclllS will lc4m survey and excavation leehniqucs mid will also be involved in lhe aruilysls of altifact and site da.13. Contact: Kt11 Robinson. Proj«t Dim<:t.or; Box 5277; Warren Wiison College; Swanannanoa. NC 28778 (704) 298-3325. s �Video Review: "Stopping the Coming Ice Age" Dirccled by l.JuTy Ephron Produced by the Institute for a Future (57 minules) Looking back, it ~eems tha1 1988 was ~ ye:ir for important, "new" environmental issues and concerns to surface. ln particular, ibis was the year in which the idc.i or lhe so-called "greenhouse effect" finally gained public acceptance. if not notoriety- a year lhat saw record-breaking drought. hurricanes, and forest fires. Suddenly, the idea of global warming was appearing everywhere in che media, and it seemed that concerned scienliSlS and poliricians were unanimous in their suppon for the global warming scenario. However, this unanimity is an illusion, media coverage to the contrary. ln fact, there is much contr0versy within the scientific community ns to the chmatic effects and socio-polilicctl nunificalions of the greenhouse effect. It is far from cenain that the climate changes we're seeing arc leading to/caused by global warming. In fact, there is ac1ually considerable evidence that points to a very different conclusion: lhn1 1he planet may be teetering on the brink of another Ice Age. One of the foremost proponents of this laner view is John Hamaker, a mechanical engineer who has cx1ensively analyzed clima1e and ecological paucms, and hn.<; developed a comprehensive and holistic approach to understanding global climate change. His lheories, expressed in h.is book The Survival of Civiliza1io11, arc now being supported and dissemina1ed by a foundation called "Institute For A Fu1urc", which re<.-ently created a remarkable video pr~ntation: "Stopping the Coming Jee Age". This video is inspiring, frightening, challenging, and very infonnative, as it takes us around the world in search of answers. While Hamaker agrees that the greenhouse effect is a very real Lhrea1, he believes - and backs this up with hard data and expert opinion - that it will [ll2l.warm ihe Eanh unifonnly, but instead will increase the temperarure differential between the equator and the poles, causing increased thermal convection, atmospheric turbulence, and rapidly shifting and biz:zare weather patterns.Jn this scenario, high winds moving from the equator tow111ds the poles will drop their abundan1 moisture in the h.ighcr latitudes in the form of snow and ice, often creating drought condicions in the temperate regions. He believes that lhe tropical and sub-tropical zones will indeed get hotter, but the tempenue zones arc likely to get cooler and drier. Hamakcr"s understanding of the greenhouse effect talces us far beyond the popularized, watered-down information available Lhrough the mass media because he explores deeper levels of cause and effec1, process and purpose. The mos1 profound information presented in this video concerns the connections beiween lhe greenhouse effect and the development of an ice age, and the importance of understanding long-tmn cycles (100,000 years!) of clima1e change. The video demonstrates the causal connections linking together all the different environmenuil/atmospheric phenomena that combine to bring on an ice age: 1) soil erosion and demineralizntion 2) the subscquem weakening and dying of the forestS 3) the resulting increase in insect inrestations, forest decay, and massive fortst fires 4) I.be dramatic increase in C02 released into the atmosphere by these na1ural causes, which induces the greenhouse effecL 5) and m the 20lh century - as opposed to 100,000 years ago man-made pollution and our destrUCtive tampering with the natural balance of life are intensifying and hastening the process. According 10 Hamaker. an ice age performs a vitally necessary natural function. As tbe glaciers advance and then retreat, they move and grind up immense quantities of roclc,thus spreading gravel and rock dust over much of lhe Lcmperate zones. This process, along with the winds that help distribute lhis rock dust even further, gradually l'Cllllneralizes the soil· which feeds the planis and forests, promoting rapid and healthy growth • during which lime the plants breathe in much of the excess C02 in the atmosphere • wh.ich gradually stops the greenhouse effect! The plants of the world breathe in C0 2, use the carbon, and release the o>cygen back into the air whlch we, and all other animals, breathe! SprLnq, 1989 Thus, n primary function of glaciation i~ to ttminerali1.e and help reforest the Eanh. The reason this video is called "S1oppfng the Coming Ice Age" is that Hamaker thinks we humans can indeed must. if we wanr our cwilization to survive • reminemlizc the Earth oursefres. We ourselves can fulfill the vital rolt pluyed by an ice age, rendering ~uch a geological event obsolete. This means, however. that the government~ and peoples of nil countric:; and regions would need to make it a top priority to remineralize our depleted ~ils, and also to engage in massive reforcs1ation projec1s, planting billions of trees worldwide. Without hc:aJthy forests, we have no chance at all of slowing the ttemendous C02 buildup which fuels the greenhouse effect. As the video pu1s it." The trees of the world are our best friends now. and only they can save us". Obviously, then, we also need 10 i;iop clear-cutting our foresis. both here and in the tropics, and to limit our fossil fuel burning, wh.ich has been accelerating the greenhouse process. Only by doing all these things, says Hamaker, can "e avoid horrific consequences for humani1y in the very near foture. The audacity of this theory and lhis proposal lies in its utter simplicity and common-sense quality. Yet many people may not heed H.ama.ker's message and information because we have become so enamored of "high- tech" solutions and shon-tenn planning, gratification, and profit. Hamaker's plan demands a clear understanding of our planetary dilemma. and a deep comminnent t0 creating a viable future, as well as some sacrifice or comfon and convenience. The video concludes with these questions: "Have we got the guts to do it? How much do we really want to be here?" Whether or not Hamaker's proposal is ever implemented on a large scale, we can all do things individually and collectively to help educate people and help heal the planet. The video pointS out 1hat even if these theories aren't totally "provable", or even completdy accurate, we should X1ill do the things Lhat Hamaker suggests, for 1he sake of ecological balance, conservation, and planetary sanity. rn addition to the ideas discussed in this review, this video explores JDl!.W! other aspects of our ecological and social dilemmas • many more than can be dealt with here. There is so much vital information presented, within such a comprehensive framework, that this video ranks as a definite "must see'· for anyone at all concerned about environmental issues and social change. • "Stopping The Coming Ice Age" is available for $20 from: lnstitue for a Future, 2000 Cenfer St. Berkeley, CA 94704. For info on other offerings of the lnstirutc call 1·800-441-77Cll • To arrange a showing or this video in the Asheville area, or for more information, call Richard Lowenthal ar(704) 251-2526. ~ LOCAL RESOURCE I ACTION INFORMATION • The December t988 issue or "American ForeSIS" m;igirant (published by the American Forcsuy Association) 11 cle110~ almo~1 ent.Ucl)' IO tropical defore.suuion, lhc gJCCnhou.sc effll(:I, and lhc prc.~ng n~ to ref~ the e:inb. II highlights the AlSOCiotion's nx:ently-formcd Olobal Ro-Leaf prognun, which aims to cducaLC Americans aboul Ille vil,DJ 1mpc:111.a11CO of rcfottsuulon. lllld to "cl'Cl!IC a new ruulon31 nctwort. (If c1ti~n aetiv1su· whU:h will, 11 i• hoped, plant at l~t 100,000.000 ll'Ce.$ nntiOCl·wiclc over the ne~1 sc~eral ycatt. For more informalion, wriie to: Amcriciln Forestry Association, PO Box 2000, Washinguin, DC 20013 (202) 667-3300 · WNC Alliance "Cut l.M ~Jng" c.imJiaign (st.o pege22 ! : P.O. Box 18087, A&be\'IUC. NC 28814 (704)2$8-8737 • Forest Voices - •an /;jormatlon netW'Ofk lhat assi.sls citiz.cm m pal'_llcipating in 1hc planning and managcmcmt or the Pisg:ih and Nant.ahala .h'!uional (919j.182-36'33 Fol'CSIS"· P.0 Box 1275. West. lcffttiOn. NC 28694 • Adopl a Tree· a muhi-faceted ~on which "works 10 make the vital connection between (IC(ll>lc 111d ttee•' and wcrts &c!;tly will\ rtfon:St3tion: P.O. Box 144, Supr Gnwc. NC 28679 • The Fctwwy 1989 publ~ "Mounuun ~Al Risk! the FulllTC of the Southern Appalachlari National ~13" )160+ pages, intludina 1ru1ny cxccllentchart$ and appendices). Available on rcqucst from: The Wilderness Society. 1819 Peaclusee Rood N.E. (Suite 714) Atlanlll , OA 30309 Drawing by rob mcJSlc:k (404) 3SS-178l. �What a wondetful journal! - a beanening combination of slwp-eycd icalism and full hearted poetry. I feel rve encountered a true compt111ion. Thanks IO D3ve Albert who passed iL on with your review of my book. J0311na Macy Bctb:ley, CA DRUMMING LETIERS TO KATUAH Friends in Kallia.h - "In the field or opponuni1y, it's plowing lime again.· Those or you working in the cnwonmenllll. public henlth, resource ma.nagcment fields may be questioning (tllllhority?). 1f your profe.~slOllal orienllllion is on the same path as your human development and land~lhie perogntivc. My Friends at Katliah Journal· Your publication is beautiful and 111Spirlng. I n:c:eived a complimentary copy {Auwmn, 1988) conceming the great chcsmul n:vival. and enjoyed lhe entire journal. I visil I.be Kaul.ah bioregion each year (feeling very Sll'Ongly lhat I was and am "born" lheic.) I am so cooccmcd about lhe negative human impact on this n:gion, and would be in~ed in anylh1ng I could do for l'CSIOnllion. rd<Xallll.ion. pl'CllCCUon, eu:.. Blessings. Nancy Llgnitt Olalhe, KS P. S. • Forgive my ignorance-.could you please lei me lmow the correct pronunciation of "Kanlah1" (Sure! Probably o lot of otltu ~pie have b4ie11 woNlerilog, IOO. bul Soy, "lea - TOO • ah.• jiut did11'1 d/Jre IO osk. Reody, fl/JW? Guruu!Mil! • eds.) Dear Kat.Udl • Many friends or mine propose pcrfeclioo (In lhe ronn or intcrpCtS0031 peace) as a .solution 10 Ille llul:aL or wincllOCl. I tell them, "Hey, I don't think we've got Ume.• l think I saw the snmc thing happening In Katli.ah JourMl 22 bul in an opposilC way. Thete the dhugence of individual, corpome. and govtmmcntal behavior from the ideal was plCSClllCd so forcdully as tO make any suggesuon of solutions ou1 or place. i wnnl tO argue lh41 in both lhcsc in.~ ideals malfunction when they an: mnde JWOX}mn1e goals rather !ban guiding beacons. One p;ndox of idealism is lhlli lhe greai.cr the con1ras1 bdWllCll lhc IC.Ill and ldCal behavior of people, the more wfficuh it Is to argue lhal Ille JdcaJ is naturul (to them). the mon: claboralC mast be the explanation as to how they got so aberrant. and lhe tw rusonablc it IS to hope Ibey will Ulkc the 1113Jly.111lUly steps from one to lhe other. Usually the conimst is sortened :wt hope ~by thc stnuch or cenlUries, millenia or aeons presumed 10 inluvcne between ~ and ideal But in the presclll crises the conuast and ~are ui=ased. Wh'fl Wlw I see happcnmg 11 thal lhe apocolyplic p0!>'iibili1y of our cnviroomcn141 and mililllrist trues is malung people shnnk the middle ground bctwcoo rc:il and ideal, mlllung them tlunk the ldeol m1m be nuained right away, u we are to survive. The resuh Is that the I~ ome lhctl) is left for clunge. the mocc of 11 is demanded. We use ideals to get at wlufs trul)' wrong bul then in a cnsis rrusiake lhcm Lo be a pracllcal progTI1111 for se1ung thmgsright. In conuas1. thc closer we appro:ich disaster 1he mote focused should be our analysis, the less suidcnt OU/ Judgcmcnl.s, the more specafte and llmillld our prcscripuons. Out ideals C:tll still gwdc 11$ bu! from a dl$UIJIOC. subonlloate to a goal of swvival as a ~ics w11l1 a 5uswnable OIOde or exislcnc:c. Once that is a,s_'>ll'Cd weC1111 resume lhc ncYCJ endulg wOlt or moving oursclvt$ and the world IOW8td the 1dc;al Respectfully yours. JlcltOwley M:idison County, NC I would like to begin gcncmting plans fora small compt111y of icsponsiblc people co promote land S?ewardsbip lllld conscrvlltion of natural resources. We11 provide professi01131 and 1.CChnico.I consulUttion and CSU!blish bioregi.oJllll criteria for environmerually sensitive site devclopmcnl silviculturc, archiiecturc. fanning. wau:r use. nnd small Cl\C.f&Y production. rm intcreSICd in communicating with others who an: ready with ide:is for lll!lking ~ TRANSmON to perpetual livelihood in a Clll'CCr lh;t1 will reward our f11111ilies as well as our PLANET. Sincetely. Steve Ovcndcn Box;JS Pntmcuo. Ft. 34220 Dear Katllah Friends · I saw the "Sheller" issue of your journal and especially love and use the Invocation (to WlnlU) - k's so beautiful to say. l was CMCCived and born 8lld also love those moun1auJS and tree$ tllld fresh air and flowing creeks. 1banlc you so much- .. the issue I saw wns bcauuful. iruly. Blessings, JUlllUI Forest Octr0it. Ml Docs my dog bite1 Lady. Lhat dog's so old lllat he'd only gum you If he caught you if he even hnd the gumption toehaseyou which he don'L Why do I keep him? Hah! Lady, that'~ the best watehdog ICYCJhad bar none. How do yau mean? Why, he don't chnsc chldtcn• or run hvestoek or keep me awake barking all night. Burgl:!n7 Lady, 1fyou see anylhing around here worlh r.i.cahng point ltOUI and l'll nulc:e )'OU a 11!31 good price on 1L 'Ccpl mlybe my dog. • RonJohnson Spn."9, 11109 �: .. equal "p:lttllCrSlup" with all Olher living entities. I dream of a world whcie long-sllllldmg cu1Lu!'111 tr3d11ions are honored and s upponcd, bolh in hCICIOgcncous groupings of oil kinds of people living 1.ogcthcr and in more isolntcd, sell-conlllined indigenous communities. h 1s being said · and even channeled · lhal we are entering o pcnod of 30 to 50 years of ca1BClysmic changes on the eanh. Some beings will pass on in this ume of purging, while othetS will come in to !like iheir place. Some or us wiU sUllld in the forefront of change and IJUllsmut.ation while others of us wiU follow close behind. Let us begin then LO create the v1s1ons that will ullimaiely provide the blueprints for our future on !his planci., and begin to eultiva1e the liUlc poclu:IS oC mmly and wholeness Lhal will evemually be the models from wrueh the rest of humanity cnn draw msp1r.11ion and duectioo. The time has come_ dear comrades, lei us dream ... together· Jay Joyce Asheville. NC ·. Dear Friends· c.ome. dream 11 liuJe dream with me. As we all sil~ inexornbly tnLO thc not-so-nif1y nmcties. its becoming clearer nnd c:ltlim dial life as we trow it mLISI be draWcally altered if we ait to reverse the lides or ecologic:il desuuction gaihcring fon:e nround the globe. h is clearly ume for us iocn:aie new visions for the rurure. lO look iownrd the 2 lst centW')' with a sense of hope and purpOSe and direction, and OOl just foreboding. And it i.~ in this spirit that I'd like to offer a few personal images far a new bcguming, an altcmru.ive futun: - and LO invite compatriots everywhere to color in these prclimm111Y skcu:hes fwther. Farst of all, I sec a plllce where boclc:ynrd fences have been lOOI down, and neighborhood gmdens, quiet ~cs, play SUUCUUCS. and gathering pl:ices sprawl acro&s the land insicad. Theo l see community ocntcJS blossoming :i.mong the dctri~ of ab:lndoncd school buildmgs nnd agmg warchow.es, where recycling proJCCU, compost dumps, and communru gardens repklce blllciclOp parking lots; and where weekend Ilea mnrkel.nnd bloclt panics. moon celebrotions, and ecology fairs fill those huge l<>nely spaces. where computer nctwolks and refemil scrvtCCS and gallery car~ keep people in touch Greetings Brochers and Sisu:ss of Ka111ah • r love you all and pray with you always, and alwoys my heart is so full wbeo I receive my copy of Ka1Uah JourMl. ll takes me back to the Appalachians and the memories flood m. r thought tha1 if your magazine came OUI be fan: Lbc equinox, you could pnn1 something from • Aoccwoo,• the Maori name f<W" New Zealo.nd. since ii seems 1hc chcslnut arucles (KOJiiah Journol #21 · ed.) cre:it.ed some communicauon. We rue organizing o gaihering on a friend's propeny 111 lhe end of o rood in a Nal.iOlllll Par1t, one or the mos1 beautiful places m lhe world. This is the only gruhcring this year as our annual "Towards 2000" workshop-oriented gathcrin~ wcrcn'1 held this yu.T. The annual nonh island "Tc WaiOU3" glllhcring hosn't happened foe lhc l3Sl two yClll'S or our "Hui Waiata." which is a musical glllhcring. Although there arc loL\ of open-minded folk and mony good things bnppcning here. we are going through a phase of fcwct gnthcrings ond feel the need for folk t0 gel tQgct.hcr to share their ideas and views and feel strong in their commitment to healing lhe Earth along with other brother! and !isters. Hopefully, our pthcring will provide llus opponuru ty, as it's mo progre$$ive area wilh communities. ocgaruc forms. and iCs a long way rrom any ctties or polllllion. so a lOt of naturul beauty along wilh a good growing climiue which has aurnc1ed 1'11311Y ovcneas follt. so we have an opponuouy to share Lbcir visions, as ITIOSl of them come from a vccy comamintued Northern Ht.maspbcrc. As USUllJ, alu:malive folk find 1t hard to deal with local authorities, but this is one of the few areas where people can make the effort ID be pin of local dc:cislon·makmg and help make folk fll01C aware of what is hnppcrung to our Mother and the roles W$ can play IO bcal Her and OUl1iClves. with each other. t look forward also LO a time when we all learn LO lhink about each thing we "tlvow away" long enough to decule how u can be recycled or properly disposed of. I imagine a place· ll Smithsonian of the mind. if you will • whc:re a few old TV's, microwaves, electric am-openers. wa1apiks, air-purifiers, etc. are kept in a museum lO remind us of whal we almost buried ourselves in . .• while the rest oC them ~ no longer nccdcd or wanted. I dlcll!n or a time when we no longer use tars, and freeways a.re no longer necessary eitcept roe skalcboordulg, sledding, skhng, bicycling, and wllldsurfing. I envision a scienlifx: communny thal seeks ou1 ways to gel rid or the nukes, cleanly, lO biodegradc the phlsuc. 10 trunsfOJ111 ihe 10X1e chemicals, IO clean up thc :ur and w.ucr, to cure the diseases, and IO develop stmplincd, life-nunuring ways Cot all ihe criUCIS still 3.m0f18 us LO reinhabil the pbneL I look forwllr<l to a lime when children learn IO love leaming, when they arc iniegmtcd into ihe life of their communities and when !hey Ill'!: openly adcoowlcdged and supponcd ror the grC&l comnbutions they mlllcc to our lives. 1 imagine a ume when people enj()y learning a> much ttbout lheir loctll ccosySlCITI as they now blow about the plol developments of the lalCSI soap opelilS and lhe lifcstyles or lhc rich and famous. I envision a time: when bUIDQll betn.gs 1cam LO QCCepl I.be Cllc:1 lha1 !hey tnhab11 one small niche m the pta& an:le of the eanh's ccosysicm end therefore leam IO uucmct m loving, Drllwmp by Sheli Lodge Love, Pc1ctOay 16 Jarrow Plac;c Christchurch 3 New 7.ea1ruld �Earliest February I begin searching along a neighbor's hedgerow for just a tendril of the coming miracle. Or gatlog as one stricken upon the si Us of morning when the fir'lt dreamy memories of daffodils return. l breathe a wisp of a vast movement stirring and alluring me. Deep in e veins of southern sloping woods. I know beside the coldest laughing waters bubbling and glittering in the soft. buucry sun some rich, mysterious. fragile awakenings unfold. Long before the geese come winding surely homeward, I discover and behold an anicle of r.ransfonnation that by narure disregards mere joy or faith or sorrow, to which uncr defeat or sheer victory remain the same. So even in this old hean of winter full of woes. the barrer1 season ofdui.t and frost is washed clean away. And this, I suppose. is why l wander seeking ccnitudc. ruming a 11one over by the path, or gazing above treetops. or gliding clflike lhfouJh the forest's solemn ~lonnadtli. for in this ~un-goW rime as the eaith starts siirring, c:ven the ~' n dcith of my brother is cased and gree the ve, delicaie, relentless mari:h of Spring. Alt. 1i\U.. ~ '"" 1'4Wah )ournal p«UJe 28 - Mitliattl Hockaday. Sp rlfMJ, l 989 �Planet Art conunucd rrom page 1 Christina then found Leigh Hollowell who had srudied Contact extensively on the West Coast and who was also very interested in seeing Contact happen in this area. Leigh enthusinstically agreed to co-teach a ContAct class with Christina. They knew that if they wanted to have people to do Contact with, they would have to help create a Contact community first. Leigh love:; Contact because "it's natural - it'~ not based on socialized preceptS but on an open exchange with other people in the reality of the present moment." She is aware that for many people dance classes and physical education have been emotionally painful and repressive, because they were not encouraged to learn their own natural movement but to imitate others. Her main goal is "to provide a positive movement experience for people so they can become friends with their bodies and learn to perceive it as a resource of creativity." I asked her how she felt that Contact would affect the larger community, and she said. "Because it is not based on any one culture's movement and is a form naruraJ to all human bodies, it is an effective way to trunscend barriers between people..• it would simply create a more trusting, and therefore more peaceful, community." l have been panicipating in this dance class since November and have been able to experience it "first hand". ln Contact dance, we maintain a ''point of contact" with another person, and it constantly shifts as both move. When we try to control where the movement goes with our minds, it becomes stiff and awkward. When we stop trying to control and simply focus on the point of contact, that point guides us in a flowing way towards movements that are easy and spontaneous. Our minds are shocked at how well we can do without their control. Imagine a society in which we allowed our interactions to come from our point of connection instead of our differences! For more information about Contact Improvisation, call Leigh Hollowell at (704) 252-4475. Art here in Karuah has begun to reflect the reality of our connection wilh the planet.... making art-all fonns of creative expression and ritual-a pan of our daily lives. By acknowledging the sacredness of our co-existence with the rest of ~Water Systems WATER PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT SOLAR PRODUCTS Membar NC Water O~lty AasoclaOon RANDALL C. LANIER 704-293-5912 HWY 107 RT 68 BOX 125 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 che universe, we are beginning 10 harmonize with it Many of us, though, have closed off our energies to the vision of a hnrmonit.ed planet because it seems so elusive and far away, and we don't like feeling disappointed. Others have refused to sec and accept the truth of the planet as it is because il is painful .. and think that if they "shut their eyes it will go away.• The tnJth 1s that the sooner we open our eyes and accept what is there, the more effectively we will be able to deal with iL In a book called The Path of Ltas1 Resistance, a simple and effective method for manifesting a choice is given. This method can apply lO planetary as well 3S personal mmsfonnation. lt is lO constantly hold in our minds two things ... exactly what our vision is and the full truth of our current reality. It is based on the idea that "in order 10 ge1 where you want to go, you need to know where you are." Since we are all planet anisrs, this technique needs to be widely understood. As we hold our vision firmly in mind and continue to acknowledge what's happening now, new nod unexpected ways of achieving our goals will come to us. Jn order 10 do this, we need co be aware of the deep, undercurrent regenerative processes that exist around and within us that we can tap into. As more and more of us choose to love and accept our planet and all her inhabitanlS no matter what is happening, the easier it will be. A lot is happening in our region, and J'm sure there are many more people here with ideas and enthusiasm to contribute towards a biorcgional program of Planet An. Some suggestions arc... a traveling multi-media show that would tour the region to network and share bioregional idens...communicy rituals for healing the la.ad... restoring our environment with "Clean-Up An" events... synchronizing with planetary peace and art events ... All Species Day with parades and festivals ...Joining in the preparations for Earth Day '90. There is no linu1 to what we can dol...there is no shonage of things to rcharmonizel It's time to find out who we all are as anists and get our networks in place. At the next K.atuah Gathering we can come together and bntinstonn. t can be contacted by wrirtng P.O. Boll: 278, Asheville, North Carolina, KatUah Province 28802 or _,, ~ calling (704) 253-4831. ~ DE.S IGNS by Rob Messick Illustration & Design In Pen & Ink and COiored Pencil Po eox 2eoi • Boone Nt. 28W7 • 171l41r...i 1>0117 WIU> OllU> DESIGNS T-SHIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN Clothing, Fabric A.rt and Miracles ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS A DIVERSE COLLECTION OP WEARABLE ART Peac~ AIDbassador Garm~ats l\ta&icRob6 CALLor WRITE for 'Olousu and Pnothos _A,. ......,., tfubal Bdts THE ALTERNATIVE HEALING HOT-LINE l -800-544-4980 /\ lrtt 10 thl' public rel~rr.&1 servi~ •Ml N•llnn•I wrtlnt"<~ 5..;1chboml. •• J,. n1....1.•., P..,..1 /J., "ATIONAL DIRECTORY OF HOLISTIC PRACTmOSERS. HEALt::RS, SCHOOL<;, CENTERS & RETREATS l'bollt' I~ HOT-UN£ fo Rr>d Cltli how yo1it pr•cti«, s.chool, ~&Jina anter or tt1"'111 nn be Usitd in the N•tloMI Oirttto • Sprl.fMJ, 1989 .u Jler/Jg11J111 eti1tit 'lljaee, 'Ry~r 'Na@r~ FREE COLOR CATALOG e1ti1te1t At11p1Utct11re Drt~PillOW'I Appliqu&I &: Painted Deslgns Fur R/J1111I, ThtalT~, & S11f-&mpow1rmtt11 Send S 2 ror fuU-<:olor caulog/ Custom onlcrs llYlilablc t>en l.se New&oTJI. P.O. Box 178, Asheville, NC 28801 (70-4) 25).431 �POPLAR APPEAL Green City conunucd rrom p.9 cooler in the summer. and it wai. quieter - if you knock on steel and then knock on a soybean, you unders1and the sort of deadening chMIClerislics on the inside of lhat car. The dreams of Henry Ford and the rest of the chemurgy movement were postponed. but they seem to be resurfacing again. Russell Buchanan. a scientist in Maryland, envisions the rise of botano-chemical complexes, as he calls them, rather than pcrro-chemical complcitcs, as we learn to eittract from cellulose the same things that we extract from pcuoch~micals. One ts a hydrocarbon; the other is a carbohydrate. Compare these words and they're basically the same. One of the differences. however, between a botano·chcmical complex and a pcrro-<:hemical complex is that it's easy 10 transport oil over long distances, whereas it's not easy to transport plant mauer over long distances. So botnno·chemical complexes will tend to be locally based and rurally based near their sources of raw material~ and supplies. Local self-reliance can become an economic developmem strntegy, and cities ate the best place to try it out, for several J'C3.'\0llS. Mose of us live in cities. Cities tend to be large enough 10 have an internal market, and can in fact become laboratories. Cities are concentrations of science and technology. They have the ingeouil\', the expertise and the machine toolshops to build prototypes and try them out. Bur what is your nearest city's research and development budget? h's probably zero. The local self-reliance scenario is not inevil3ble nor is it even probable. It depends on political decisions. Economic development must be seen as a means to an end and not an end in itself. Alben Einstein once said that perfection of means and confusion or cods characterize our age. We're so mesmerized by technology and development that we forget to ask, "Technology for what?" and "Development for whom?" We have become consumers of change, bul we don't know the difference between change and ,erogress. To Bertrand Russell progiess is ethical and change ls scientific; change is inevitable, while progress is problematic. In other words. progress is valw:·laden and as we change, we need to ask ourselves, "Will we progress?" We can have a green city within a brown world by moving all or our production and disposal systems for away from our city. But 10 truly embrace the ecological motivation behind a green city, we must ~ome responsible for the wastes that are generated for our convemence. And the only way to do that is 10 begin 10 return that loop of production, use and disposal, b.'ICk to the community. Marcel Proust once said that the voyage of discovery consists nm In seeking new lands but in seeing with new eyes. It is in seeing O!Jf communities and our citi~s with new eyes, in pursuing a globe of Vlllag~s and not a global village, that we begin to create a new paradigm. @ lnsli1utc for Local Sclf·Rcli:incc. 2425 Ulm Sucet, t<W WllSbinguin. DC 2000!>. Also w1lh pcnnission fl'Ofll Raise IM Stt1lls. Planet Drum Foun<bLinn, P.O. Box 31251, San fran(isco, CA 94131. This anlclc appc:arcd 1n Winter 19118 issue. M.El>1.CtNE ALLtES 'J-SK1.1t'J tQllUnued from page 11 h wru; always a rare oy~rer mushrooms - that is. und special occasion when I found until I su1J1cd roaming the hills with my older mounuineer buddy Theron. Theron was rai~ed gathering roots and herbs at his grandmother's knee, and he knows the woods well, but he had ulw11ys been wisely hesitant about sampling unidentified wild mushrooms •tllc first few times in our wanderings when we found some oyster mushrooms. Theron would help me gather them and he would carefully examine them, but be always declined to share the harvest nnd rnke some home to em. However. after heming me talk so much about how good they were (and seeing that I was still thriving), he finally tried some. He and his wife enjoyed them immensely, and from then on it seemed that. with Theron's help, I was hardly ever without oyster mushrooms. From Theron I learned 10 visit areas 1ha1 had been logged a few years previosly and look on tulip poplar stumps after a spell of rainy weather. In the$C Meas we could find man)' pounds of the savory mushrooms in any season of the year. We often found enough to dry and store for times when the fresh ones were scarce. When Theron and I sn down together and share a meal of oyster mushrooms and other wild edibles, I think about what a strongc pair we make: me, a naturalist from the Oat land with a university education, and him, a tradjtional mountain wood~man and fanncr who barely finished eighth grade. Yet we both realize that if we hadn't met and been open and receptive 10 each other's knowledge. neither of us would be earing this delicious wild mushroom supper. Traditional knowledge and book learning can go well together. ©1989 by the tlJ.Uhor. Reprl111edfrom Wildlife in North Carolina Magazine. "Ranger Doug" EUiolt, as he is known to rite cltildren i11 the group, is an excellent naJuralist, but is also known as a lively~ storyteller and ''a real nice feller." p A Directory to North Carolina's Natural Areas (published by 1.he NC Natural Heritage Foundation) As pan of its important work in rare and endangered species identification and habitat preservation, the North Carolina Natural Heritage Foundation, a non-profit organization, has compiled the guidebook, A Directory to North Caroli11a's Namral Areas. The compact guidebook features dC!ieripcions of more than 100 natural areas open to the public in the state. The descriptions of each aro:i include infonnntion about natural history, geology. 1111d uuvcl information. To obtain copies of the book, send S5.00 10 the NC Natural Heritage Foundation; Box I I 105; Raleigh, NC 27604 Each is tl1c suongcst power 1n iis own domain. Together !hey lll'C allies: !heir C1111tgics complement each 01hcr m rorm an e\'et1 greater power. As medicine ollics, they rcpre«ent 1he hc;Uing powers of lbC Appalnahian In lhe tr.1d1uonal Cherokee Indian belief, lhe Moun1:11ns. TI111 medicine powers of Kl!uiah Juve been depicted crca!Ure\ in the world lOclay arc only d1minu11.ive forms or the mythic beings who once mlUlbucd the world, but who in o ~1r1l.;ing T-shin design by Ibby Kcn11:t. Printed in now fC$idc in Oal11na'IJ, lite 5pmt world. the highest 5-coloc silksi;irccn by Ridgerunncr Nnwr.ils on top qu:ility, he;ivcn. BuL • few of the ongmal powcr~ broke lhrough !he all-couoo shin.~. 1hcy arc avallnble now in all adul1 shes !!p1riLUAI barrier and exist yet m the world a~ we know il. from KALANU; Boit 282; SylYll, NC 28779. These beings arc called with rcv.:rcncc "grandfalhas" And or tl1cm. the suonges1 arc K.allilti, lhc ligh1mng. thc power Pl~ specify ~ir.t: Sm .• Med., Lg.. X·Lg. or the sky; utsa·nau, 1he r:mlcsn:tke, who pcrsoniries the Prke: S9.SO pOStf131d power of lhc cnnh pL'lllc: lllld Yunwi U!ldi, "I.he li1Llc !Mn". W.98 pns1pa1d for NC re.-i!knts as ginseng is called in I.he S!Crcd ceremonies. who draws up JlOYo er from lhc underwocld. "To .f/ww TU~l"lftx lhlS lll{lctflOllll'DI /Tinily of thl: Miura/ world iJ 10 111 111111 bcc0t1v t111 ally tn thl: con1i11w11g fll'OUS!. of niai111<Un111g harmony and bal1111Ct htrt 111 thl: moll/IJJJJJU of Ka1Uah" Spri.f19. 1969 �Emironmcntol Politics: 11Vlou.nttiln Ug'hl H!!:twork Lessons from the Gras.'>routs. Bob Hall. Editor Mountam Light Network is an eclec1ic, 1n1entionally group of people living in the Kaulah srea. Th<: tntercsts of the group include 3 deep commilnlCnl to 1nd1vidu:il llnd planct:u) peace. and to ecological hannony, with emphasis on coopera1ion between human, animal, plant and mineral kingdom~ . Other areas of interest include subtle energies, h~::iling, and techniques for utilizing new forms of power. Many w11hin t~c: g_oup n:lion::ite wi1h N?tive Indian philosophies and r ;;eek to h~c in ~~c1ous balanl'c ~nh the land. The mu;ority are involved in hohsuc heallh, explonng new paths now developing. Some _ re invot:--ed in the Anciem Wisdom and spiritual a <li-•c1phnes. Survival and food 11toragc are also of interest to many individuals We meet 4 times a year at the Franklin Communitv Center on Sundays. at 2:00 PM near the Sol"iccs and Equino11tes. There iU'C tables for those who wish to 5ell products or promote ideas; many books arc available a!; welt. We feature a speaker at each meeting. We have a directory of names. skiUs and intrn-~1~ Our aim is to provide a time and place for communication and exchange of ideas to become neighbors in a loose-I.nit network of people in our area. Part1c1pauon in meetings is free and open to all people of Like mind. This year our meetings an: on March 19, June 18. September 17. and Dcccmbct 17, 1989. For more anform:uion, call (404} 746-2454. ~structured ln.'itltule for Soul hem Studies, P. 0. Bo>< SJl, Durham. f\C 17702. 1988. ~7.00. 12? pgs. Whal can you do when an our·of·slalc corporation an_nounc~ plans for a hazardouli was1c rrearment facility a few nulc:s from your home. or when stare officials ~ay 1hey wan1 to pave 11 highway through your neighborhood? Where can you mm for help if real esta1e developers wuh close ties 10 local politicians decide to build a condominium or shopping center in a sensitive water;hed are;i? _ How much energy should you devote 10 door-to-door organizing, or seeking auention from the media, or gelling involved in elecrorul pohtics? For rhe past three yc:.m;, lhe lns111u1e for Southern Studies has conducted an investigation of environmental and land·u>e controversies in one state, Nonh Carohna. rn a remarkable number of cases. locnl citizens groups · even lhosc in relatively !solatcd. rural areas • have won s1gnifican1 victories ag:unst 1mpress1ve odds. They h:ive beaten well-endowed corporations and forced state policym:ikcu to change regulations, enforce ex1snng standards, and enact new laws. _Th~y have built ad hoc coalitions and enduring orgamzauons, occas1onally across rucc lines, more often across class and cultural divisions within the white community. And they have moved from crisis-oriented, hit-and-miss organization to sophisticated political lobbying and effective electoral activi~m. The key ingredients of these successful citizen-led camprugns are described in dwlll in the first chapter. The next 10 chapters chronicle the episodic. fragmented, yet growing cnv1rorunental movcmenr in consc.rvwve North Carolirui. The focus h less on the grim threats to life as we know it than on why pe~p~e respond, whar they do to win, and how grassroots acuv1s_m and electoral politics (including lobbying and voter educanon) imersec.1 to produce i.nstitutionru change. The result 1s a storybook of grassroots experiences. a handbook that lets our own past teach us bow to wodc. for a bener future. And while the location may be Nonh Carolina, the common lessons running through these stOrics are plainly uc;cful to people throughout the Soulh Md beyond. - excerpted from tlie preface ,..0 &..ot4(;t" WA.) I " ' ..nw i-c.t t,_f ------ TPC.. two ~Kt H~O M&.L.01.0 AMO I loll', 1' C.111''1 HO!ISf..l SprL119. t 989 JUST RECEIVED' Mountain Treasures at Risk: The Future of lhe Soulh~rn Appala&llian Nalional Fonsts by Laura E. Jackson The N:uional Forests of the Southern App11lachian Mountains are the last remaining habitar area available for many species of pl3Ilts and wildlife. The book Mountain Treasuru ot Risk says that these valuable habitat areas should be managed from a regional viewpoint and offers valuable infonnation tQward rcaliting n new vision for forest management which emphasizes the values of life suppon and ~gional biodiversity. Handsomely bound, profusely documented with photos, tables, and charts. Copies free on requ~t from The Wilderness Society; 1819 Peachm:c Rd NE (Suite 714); Atlanta, GA 30309. ... Katuah Journal is not just lull of Information. It is also full of images, and we appeal to all visual artists interested in ennching lhe pages of this journal, plus some exposure for you, to send us copies of your work Many times we need graphic images that are specific 10 a given article, yet there Is often space to put Images that are not specific You would be surprised the kinds of synchronicities that can happen when you send wori< in• Drawings in Ink. prints, photographs, borders, symbols. and cartoons that you think have some relevance to the journal are all welcome Don't be shy. we need your talent and image·ination to help visual-eyes a clearer relation with Katuah ... �evencs 2-8 BRASSTOWN, NC Spring Music and Dance Week. Music. StOries, dance, nature. John C. Campbell Folk School 28906. 8 BLOWING ROCK, NC Ocan-up of the Glen Burnie Falls Trail . Blue Ridge Group. Sletra Club. Call (704) 264-3931. MARCH 8·9 HIGHLANDS, NC Chiefs from the Native American Elders Circle meet at the Mountain to discuss Ecology and An. ''TIJU care how you place your 17-19 moccasins upon tM Eanh,step with care,for the faces oftM I unve generarions are looking up from Earth waiting their turn for life." $137. The FARNER, TN Leam "Wild Foods and Earth Medicines" with Snow Bear at Pcppcrland Farm Camp: Sw Route: Farner, 37333. (70<!) 494-2353. ™ IJ.16 GATUNBURG, TN Womyn·s Weekend Rctn:at: Spccilll Gu= Grey Cal, Lucinda F1odin. Write 10 P.O. Box 936: Gatlinburg. TN 37738 for more info. Mountain; 841 Highway 106: Highlands, NC 28741 (704) 526- 5838. NEW MARKET, TN sn> (Stop the Poisoning!) School a1 the Hishlander CcnlCf. Learn bow to figllt 1nduslrinl pollution For more info, call (615) 933-3443. 30 UNICOI, GA "Spring Earth Skills Workshop'' with Snow Bear, Darry Wood, Doug Elliott, and Yanna. Leaming the ways of the woods. $65. Comact Bob Slack at (404) 878-2201. 31·1 HENDEltSONVILLF., NC Workshop on Local and Regional Land Trusis. Kanug.a Episcopal Center. For more info call (704) 692-9136. WAYNESVILLE, NC Kanna m Daily Life-A Spiritual Rctrcal, with John Algeo. Stil·Light Tbcosopbieal RCllC41 Cent.er, Rt I, BOA 326: Wayncsy1lle, NC 28786 (70<!) 452-4569. Neighborh ood" confcronce sponsored by Asheville League of Women Votcts. Time and place TBA. Call (704) 258-8223. ASHEVILLE. NC A six-we.:k course. "Finding Your Path with HC3rt", begins a.t the Spiritual Growth Foundation. (sce4/l). The focus will be on finding our "lruC vmce• and expressing Lhc lifc-affinmng energy of l1W" Heart's desire. 17·18 ASHEV l LLE, NC Red Foll/Second ll.311gin', play prcscnltd by I.be Roadside ThcatTC. S)l3rU'lnburg. SC. For ume and location. call (606} 633-0108. nLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Robm Williamson. •a wl1.lltd of words and music:.· "'I h~ hunter ond the hu11ted howl 011e howl.• McDibbs'; S6 tdYanc~ door. 8pm, 119 Cherry Si., Black Mtn., NC 28711: (704)669-2456. ASREVlLLE, NC " Betw"n a Rock and a Hard Place: Westtrn No r th Carolina's Noclur 17 14-16 21-23 IS ASHEVCLLE, NC "Cut lhe Clearcutting!" says WNCA. From 1t am. Music, dancing, speakers. City/County Plaza, Asheville. Write Western North Carolina Alli:lncc; Box 18087; Asheville, NC 28814, orcall 258-8737 15 ASHEVILLE, NC The Enrth First! Road Show wilh Roger Featherstone and Susan Grace Stoltz, audio·visuals, news on EF! issues and actions. Lipinsky Auditorium, UNCA. 7:30 p.m. Students $1. General admission $3. For more info, call (704) 251-6144. 18 31·2 APRD.. 1·30 CHEROKEE, NC William Holland Thomas. "little ASlll-:VlLLE, NC Hum.an Potential Education Foundation Spring 1989 Conference, "Healers and the Healing Proces:~." For regiwation and brochure conw:c Human Poumlial Educlllion Foundation, Inc.: R1. s. 89 Tt1nyrud Rd.: Greenville. SC 29609. white chicr or lhe ChclOkec. cxhibiL OicroJcoe H~14Sc MUNCwn and GaJlcsy. I&8 28-30 ASHEVILLE, NC 'Commumcation and Healing." a lWO·Jllll 28-30 NEW MARKF.1', TN STP (Stop I.he Poisoning!) School Bl the Highlander Ccntcr. Learn how to fight tndu.suial pollution. ~3/21-23. wotlcshop focusing on inner commumon and outer communicauon as Yilal tools for bcaling ourselves Md our rclalionsh1ps. 10-Spm each day. Led by Richard l.owenlhBI. M. A. Spiritual Growth Foundation: 891 Haywood .Rd. (704) 252-3508. 2-5 PISGAH FOREST, NC Rockclimbing clinic for beginners Tedmiques, safely, gear. S28S. Eagle's Nest Camp; 43 Hart Road: Pisgah °Fon:.'ll: NC 28768. (704) 877-4349. X.~.Jo~ pgqe 52 · 29-31 FARNER, TN KATUAH SPRING GATHERTNO. Come celebrate. dance, play, meet. and talk with the family from all over the region (see announcement next page). mustratlons by Jackie Taylor- �JUNE 29 MOUNT AIRY, NC 18th Annual Ml. Airy Fiddler~ Convention. A weekend of lrod1tion:il Appal3chian Music. Bring instruments. tenlS, food. Regiwruion SlO. 2-3 SWANNANOA, NC Environmental Summit '89: Ethics, Economics and the Environment. This 5th annual summit will focus on environmental problems of immediate interest in WNC. and on how environmental and economic realities affect each other. Keynote speaker: David Morris of the Inst. for Local Self-Reliance. Warren Wilson College. 9am-4 pm. $5. For more info or to preregister call (704) 298-3325, ext. 250. 9· 11 CLOUDLAND CANYON Caving weekend w11h Snow Bear as instruc1or and guide. Equipment provided. Call (704) 494-2353 for more info. 9-11 WAYNESVILLE, NC "Mythology - The Modem Search for the Holy Grail" with Joy Mills. Stil-L1ghL See 3/31-4/2. MAY llRASSTOWN, NC June Homecoming Music/Dance Weck. English counuy dancing wi1h Jim Morison. John C. Campbell Folk School, 28906. 11·17 5-7 WAYNESVILLE, NC "Music as Meditation" with Diana Dunningh:un. S20/day. Sul-Light Center: See 3{31-4/2. 21-25 HIGHLANDS, NC Nature Photography Workshop. Prc.rcgisicr. Appalachian Environmental Ans Center. Sec 5/12-14. 6 LINVILLE, NC. Grandfather Mountain Prorilc Trait wildflower hilce. Blue Ridge Group, Sierra Club. Call (704) 2974098. 6-10 PISGAH FOREST, NC Whi1ewa1cr Canoe Clinic for novices and m1crmedia1es. $455. Sec 4/2-5. 12-14 lllGllLANDS, NC Spring Landscape Retreat Photography Workshop. Pre-regisicr: Appalachian Environmental Arts Ccnicr; Drawer S1l0: Highlands. NC 2874 I (704) 526-4303. 19-21 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC The Black Mouniain Spring Festival. Three days of traditional music and dnnce at Black Mountain College/Camp Rockmont. Brave Combo, The Horsenies, Grandmother, David Wilcox, Phil and Gaye Johnson. For advance tickets call Grey Eagle and friends, (704) , 669-4546 from 2pm- IOpm. o~ ~3. &q o.ncL 3o o± -p e.p~et' la.rd.. ~ t()J\ft'l 7f.n ~ u.a -to ~~N.b..ooY 19·21 flfGllLANDS, NC Wildflower Pho1ogruphy Workshop. Pre-rcg1s1er. Appalachi$ Env1Tonmcnt.al Arts C..:nicr. Sec qy'~ 5/12-14. u.ou.aL I~~ ~ o..cliN~ a.r0.wo¥k shO(:.>s ~ o...d.uJtto 19-21 MILLBORO, VA EARTH FlRST! Appabchian Rendezvous. Talk, drum. s.we au things wild. For more info, write: Box 2(>6; Millboro. VA 2.4460 or call (703) 997-9448. BRASSTOWN, NC May Crafl/l)ance week. John C. Campbell Folk School 28906. 27-29 WHITTIER, NC Cclebralion on lhe land al Union Acres Communuy. All friends of Kauiah welcome. For more Info., ca11: Cynthia and Roy Gallinger, (704) 293-9230. spil.NJ, 1989 µ~~. ~ u.;tl.L ~ -t:hL- NEW MARKET, TN STP (Siop the Poisoning!) School a1 lhe Highlander Ccnier. Leum how IO figh1 indu.~trial poll111Jon. Soc3nl-23. 19-21 21-27 ().rd_ a.rd. ch.U.dA.t.n ' Pre-registration, by April 15: $15.00 adult $10.00 child under 12 After April 15: $17.00 adult $12.00 child under 12 .For mon: infonnalion, write: Snow Bear and Khallsa; Pepperland Farm Camp; Siar Route: Farner. TN 37333 or call: (704) 494-2353 or (704) 586-3146 �vfEBWO~ SEEKING TO JOIN OTHERS m a mlllllally -.upponivc comml.INly. Singl.c mamn: womon. ll'lis1-1eac.htt can offer skills: early childhood education. llU, earth llb111:, wri!Jnl Wn1c Alwyn MosJ., 1007 Turner SL, Blacksburg, V/> 24060: ("10'3) SS2·6331 VAGABOND GUJBETR01TTNG Stale of tlw Art. Revised Edition., by M.L. Endicoll. One of lhc moll compRhensivc insuucticm manua!J ror <yro uavelcrt SUS; Enchlridlon lntemational, Cullowhcc, NC 28723 ASCENSION Beg1111ttr's Mon.uJJ. a self-help boo1t for auaining lhc touchable ruii1y of lhc ASCENDEO <taic. usually lhou&ht to be bt!yood Raeh. By Theodore A lluoody, Ir~ $13.SO pp; &lcctic: Pren, 205 Pigeon SI. Waynesville. NC 28786. WlNCS WAY bttbal products. For pnce list. wme: Box 1477; Old Fon. NC 2.876Z EUSTACE CONWAY- Ou.ide and !Udler of (ll1lnit1ve £arlh Skills wilh cmphasi.t on rue blll1dln,. hide tanning she.Iler. and fongilla. He ILachti at public schools, parks cnvimnmencal oont.en, .and cJuscs ol .all tinds. For tllOl'C informllion coniact lum II' 602 Deerwood Drive, Oastonii. NC 28084 or oall Allcln Sianlcy al (704) 872-7972 FUTONS by Simple Pte.uuru affordably priced. Send SASE for Info io: Sunplc PICU\lrtJ: RL I. Box 1426 Clayton. GA 30S2.S (404) 782·3920. APPAJ..ACHIAN GINSENG CO.• sua.tified seeds. PEPPERLAND ofrcn a variety of ouldoor cdu.eation po,grams for chl.Wdl, school. or cMc gn>Up& ycu· round. Wo will help you ~pl a pogrom for your group. Send for infonnwon J*1c.ct to: Pcppcrland Fum Camp; Sw RoUlA!; Farner, TN 37333. R£AllERS' REACTIONS AND INSIGHTS wanic.d i.ganling lhc "consum«" culun we five in, and lhc idea of "consumaism" u a lifestyle.. Plcue write to Richard Lowenthal, 53 Greely St.. Asheville, NC 28806 (or call seedlings. roots. Send for price li51 io: P.O. Box S47 Dillsboro, NC 28725. M. TR& DESIGNS: UlllSIJlliom and Der;gn • Beyond lhc p!l&CS of lhis journal, I work DI penal. colored ponril. ink. QI\ paper. md t.lik. F'mc and graphk an to cxircu and cnh...,., our livea. Logos, btochuru, boob. ponnl1ure, window and wall h&ng~. Concct Manha Tree (704) 7S-4-«l97. STit.·UGHTTHEOSOPHICAl..RETREATCENTER -a qu1c1 spaeo for JlC'nOnal medilali<m, aniup inc.cractioo lhrough study, and community .-011<. and spintual smiinU$, Contact Leon Frankel; Rt. I. Box 326; Wayncs•ilk. NC 28786 WANTED: LAND 111 WQt.cm NC. Famlly f«b Sor mon: ICtCS. prd"crobly near Cullowhee. IO pr<S<TVC and evcnlll.ally inhllbil. U}'OU have or kno..•of afford.&blc l111d, oonlll:t Bob llld Miry Davis; 213 Wcrunorcland Cc., Ccorgetown. KY 40324 (502) 8634167. MOON DANCE FARM HERBAl..S · herbal salvC$, tinc1111cs. & oil• for b1nh111g a: family health. For bcochure, pt.,,.e wrii.:: Moon Dance Farm; Re. I. Box 726; Harnpcon. TN 37658 FREE t..ABOR • I would like ID learn about beekeeping and building New Ag< Housing Willing to wo1'k for free during summer. All I ask b a pl- for my tcnl and .., occasional muL Con11e1 ClvU Irwin; 1712 Whhc /we.; Knoxville:. TN 37916 (6lS) 673-0653. BUCITT RESISTANT CHESUIUT ·hybrid AmcricanlCluncS 0wman c:hcstnut treea • blight rcsisW\I timl>C!r pc>wth form. productive orchard crop wilh luge. sweet CQily·pcc\ed nuu. Cbutnut Hill l'luncry; RL I, Bo>. 34 l·K: Aadiua, FL 3261.S (904) 462·2820 ORGANTC FERTIUZERS. belts, and arganically-groMI. local produce 11 the> WNC Pannen' Marked Look for the FaiJglcn Fanns slllll. units F and 0 in lhc wholesale 1tU of' lhc F.umcn' Matkrl; 570 BteVud Rd.; Asheville, NC ("104 252-4414 Trudeau Dr.; Mc.Wrc, LA 70003. CENTEJl FOR AWA.KENlNC scck:ing 2 full-time, live.in volunlccn w/ main1cnance and/or n11ural food prep eitpericnce. RmManl. Wri1e; Human Services Allianoc Bo• IS42; WinSIOn.Salcm. NC 27102 (919) 761-874S. APPROPRIATE PASSIVE SOLAR des1111. blueprints and full wor.king dnwings for homes, shopt. and sheds Cr.,•llve dr1fling .....yow- ideas or ours. Harmony Sunbuildets; P.O. Bo• 194; Suiv Grove. NC 28697 SONGS OF LOVE ANO NATURE by Ron Lambe fcawring the voice of Hearuingcr wilh Slcphen Klein, Pi&no. Lavaul<r Lieder Records; R1 I, Box I JS; Bakcnvillc, NC 28705. (704) 6884791. B~c I01J.r111!1 inlo o f«alm of Evolution.ary lodvt:llllD'e by Pauick Clerk. A inu: -=ounl of a bicycle tnp from NATURAL FOOD SlORF. for ulc in Brevard, NC. E•ccllcnt IOCllion. $80,000 CJOS1 sales. Growlh poienti&I Owncn n10ving. mus1 p•U ii on. Call IDiubcth (704) 293·9534 evcnin&J. ORCANlC FOOD PRODUCING CO-OP land. aqwprncnl, apcrienced fannen provided for members The Bioclomc Pannet~lup; Rt. 2. Sox 184; Waynesville.. NC 28786. (704) 926-935$. ECO HELP NEEDED Long 8r111Ch Envlfonmcn1al Education Ccrue:r D«dJ volwileetlN!ICnlS 10 help "'•lh orchards, gardens, farmworl. rainbow 1tou1. cmrgy-efficimc bllild1ng. cnvimnmmtal/wildlifc/pmn1· cul11m issues and organizing. Room and boatd negntiable. Paul Calllmoce; l.BF.EC; RL 2. Box 132; ~icc.icr, NC 28748 YOU CAN CO HOME AGAIN· A Down To &rth JOURNEY INTO THE SLICK.ROCK Wildcmcu Atca Boys. falhu-son. falher-daughter cxpcdttJoN. Learn ob<•rvttion and woodcraft in lhe deep woods. Bun ~gay, upericnced guide Slicktock ElpeditionJ; Box 1214; Cullowhec. NC .28723. AMRITA HERBAL PRODUCTS · Comfrey. EucalyplUS Oii C.olclcn Seal salve. ~mon ar LA•cncler (ICIC ctam. Medo: wilh natural and c=nlial oih and love. Send for brochure Rt I. Box 737; Floyd, VA 24091. HAND.CARVED WOODSPIRITS. ln)"ucal hiking ital~ FINDING OUR "PATH WITH HEART" c.QI be v11al t0 O\lt health Ind ~•lfoxprasion. I offer guidcl<:e lhrou&h courueling, spimual 111uncmm1. ..1rolog1cal rcadings WOJbhops, common·llCJUC ftedbt.ell. For more info or an appoin1mcnl, call Richard Lowenthal , M.A . (704) 2Sl·2526. Sliding scale fcea. ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY on bcauuful land~ Cbualccc, NC sr<king r1milirs domring gi:c11tt c:oopenlicm and self·sufficlen<:y. Based on Jpiricual Ind ocological valuea. Pcoperty now av11f1ble. Call (404) 77S.S7S4 for info. Wuhinglon, D.C 10 Ille au1boc's native home of Cullowbcc, NC. following muah of lhc Bluc Ridge Parkway. Avai1oblc for $7.95 pose paid from Dandylion Publicatio111. 47 Pmola. Sc., Ashcvillc NC 28801. COMMUNION WITH NATifRA • Long proclauncd to be cclcsual •tan &fOllllding their radiance on Mot.bcr !!viii flowers ""' the rcvcl11ion of lhc plan!. Come •hllfe in NATURA'$ sacred play. moyonunUJe facililJtin&. 3931 Hwy 80 S. Toe River, Bunuvillc. NC 28714 ("104} 6~-4806 CARDE.NERS arc ..-UJated t0 v11u our Parad~ Gardens for insirucuon and inspirauon (!'reel and/or peicmial plan11 sale (cheap). Artisu .re 1nvncd IO c:omtt and c:ru1c 1n tile gllda> • painUng. drawing. and phDioanplty arc cnMunged We oho ba,·• • cabin avtJ.IAblc mcxcrumgc for warlcin& in lhc ganlcn. Mount.m Gardens; 3020 White Oak Creek; Bunuvillc, NC 28714 (704) 67S·S664. and wall hAAgmp by SICVc Dunc111 For broch1... plcuc write Whippoorwill Swctio; llt 4, ~ 981; Manon. NC 28752. MEDITATION CUSHIONS Crom Carolina M<>mUll Do.signs. Troditionll ancl mllwblo 1.afus For free bnx:hurc wrii.e; RL I. Boa 31·8: Hot Spnng1, NC 237<13. HANDMADE RATTI..ES fot the 'JMlual warrnor or hcal~r made wilh maic.rial• provadcd by !he animal ltin1dom. <;:oncact: Jc._ HltnS Bathrict.-; SW Cm.notill AttifilC~ 1307 lvcnon St.: Allmta. GA (404) 588-0296 • INDIAN VAUEY RETREAT· 140 acrci in Blue Ridge mountains wilh faeilitiea available to rent far group1 or individual ll!lra!S. dlha 3J.1ided or unstn1C;1Ul1>d. Send for infom111ion and seasonal c1lo.ndar of h.e aling, transfl>ITil&live evcnlJ lo: lndu111 Vllllcy Holislic Center RL 2. Box S8; Willis, VA 24:180 h.Alld TN! Earth Li•ci /lappity Ever After - .caries from folk lrlditioni all ltOWld the wtidd chosen to help prolt:Ct all living beings by bringing 111'1 world soc1ecy a few steps do5Ct to peace and ~l for 1111 fife. Edited by Floar.ing Eagle Femhcr. $7 .00 ppd. (All profits go IO Clrempacc IJ1A! !he Pcau Museum.) Order &om: Wages of Peace; 309 704.251 ·2526). • MOTHER'S BREATit HERBAL PRODUCTS high quali1y b"fbal c•"'""· oin1ments, and 011J, lov1n1ly aa1cd. Send for free brochure 10 Re . 2. Ro• 251. Vllas. NC2K692 EARTH REACH EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 1cae1Un1 pnmitivc skills 10 children md adulu.. Roben Manin. Jr and JC&1111C Moo!\!'. RL I, Box 178-A. Fcnum, VA 24088. BEAUTIFUL EUCIUOE MOCCASINS Custom aitcd to your f~• AO narural ma1erials. Sof!SOle $2.5/lw<holt SSO. Send tncm& of your fool to Na1ivc American FoQ1wcar, 47 Panola St., Alhevillc NC 2.8801; 7~ 2:Sl·22.SO WEBWORK!NO is &cc 5""J •ubmis.1u1cu to: K01"4Jt J<><1rnal P.O. Bo• 638 ui=ler.NC Kall!ah Pro"incc 28743 SprinlJ, 1999 • �The Kaulah Journal wants to communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as leners. poems, stories. articles. drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send your comnbutions to us at: Katuah Journal; P. 0. Box 638; Leicester, NC; Karuah Province 28748. • The summer issue of lhc Ka11iah Jo11.rlllll will deal with the meaning of the word "Pence" as a dynamic process lhal can replace cxisung SU"Uctures of donunation with vibrant new relarionships. Please send us descriptions and contact infonnarion for individuals and groups in your pan of the province that are doing lhings that are helping co create peace Ill the world. We would also Hke to know what is your definition of pence. We would like to get a collection of the mo.~t interesting and accurate definitions of that elusive idea. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AV All.ABLE $1.50 -·· ISSUE FIFTEEN Sprin& 1987 Coverlets - Woman Porcsler - Susie McMdwl Midwife . Alternative Conlncqmon • Bio>CJtualily - 81orcgionalism ~ Women Good Mtdic:inc: MmWdlal Clll~ ,_, WWJ[fl~- ISSUE THREE SPRJN(l 1984 Sustain.thlc Agriculture . SunOowas Human lmpac1 on lhc: Forut - Childrcns' Ed11c111ion Vct0nlca Nicholu·Woman in Politics Llitlc tsSUESIXTE:EN-Summerl987 Helen Wauc: Poem: Visions 111 • O~ . Vision Que,r1 - Fim Flow - ln11ia1ion • 1.umina in lhc Wildemeu • Cherokee Cllallcngc "Valuing T,_. People. Mcdlrinc Allies • ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 198'1 W11c1 !>nun Water Quably Kudtu Solar Ecli~c Ctc:arcuttin& T1out • C.omg IO W111r1 Ram PllmP" • Mic:rohydro - Pocnu: Bennie l...ec Sinclair, Jim Wrync Mnlcr ISSUE EIGITTE.EN WUUO' 1987 88 VcmacuIIT Atchiittl\ITC - Dl'c;ams an Wood Q! Sione - Mount&Jll Home - E.Ulh l!ncrJi.. • Eanh-S!u:hcrcd Livmg • Mcmbr- Houses Brush Shchci - Poems· Ot:to«r Du.d • C'oOOd ModX:.nc: "Sheller" ISSLF. FIVE - FALL 191!4 llarv1:11 • Old Ways in Chc1ok"" GinKng Nuclear Waste: • Our Cchic Hcri1•ge Biorcgionalism: Put. Ptuc:nt. and Fu1ure Jahn Wilnol)' • Healing Dlltkness Politics or ISSUE NINETEe.N -Sll'Ulg. 19811 Pcrloandra Cltdtn Spring Tonics · Blueberries WUdOo11>cr O•rdcns Granny Hcrbalis1 • Flll"'l:r Es.cncea • lho Origin of lhe Animal : Stoty -Good Malicmo: "Po.. cr" • Be ATroe Paructp:iliDn ISSLIE SIX. WTNTER 1984-85 Wini.:r Soi.ti« Eanh Ceremony· H0<scpiu1u;i, ISSUE TWENTY · S11m1na. 19811 l'reM!rve App.alathilll WildcnlU.J • Hi,ghbnll of ltoan - Cel<1 Community - L.nd Trun • Arthur Miqan School • Zoning 'Wuc • ·'"The Ridgo" - Fanncrs Ind lhe Fann Bill • Cood Mcdir.:lnc! ''Lind" · Acid Rain · Duke"• Po..,cr Play Chaoic< Microhydro ProJCCI Rt\CT Com1111 ol lhc Llshl • Log Clbm Roo1a- MoUlll&in Apicullurc: Tho Righi Crop - W11l1am Tayl11< The Fuiun: of lhc: Forc.t ISSUE SEVEN SPRING 1985 Su.'ll&JA•blc Ec:onomic:J Hot Srrinp - Worlte; Ownership - The Great &onomy - Self Help Crccjj1 Union Wiid Turlt.cy - Rcsponslbl• lnvuting Workitlg in Ilic Web of Lite JSSUE EIGtrr - SUMMER 1985 Celebra11on: A Way of Life - Kat\Wl 18.000 Ye&l'J Ago • Sacred Sil.Cl - Follc Ans in lhc School& - Sun Cyc:l~oon Cycle • Powu: Hilda Downer Chcsolcu Heritage Caw:r • Who Owns Appaladlhl? ISSUENTNE- FALL 1985 The Wal~ Forest - Thi> Tfl'cS Spc:alt • Milf&llng Foruts • llcme Logging - Stanmg a Treci Crop Urb&n Trees · l\oom Btc«I - Mylh Tane ~- ISSUE Et.EVEN SPRINO 1986 Community Planning - Cities and the: Biotcgional Vision - Roc:yclmg Community Gardening- Floyd County, VA - Ouoliol Two Biottgional Views • Nuclear Suj)plema11 FoiU= Oarne.s. Good MtdldM: Visions Box - The Wake - TI1c Raven Moclcor Woodslorc and WildwoodJ Wildom Oood tsSUETWEHTY-ONE · Fall, 1988 Chc:stnu~ A 1~i.1ura.1 Hl11ory • Rostoring w Cheiulut. ·p~ orl'rcs<!rvation Uld Praise" Canunuing the Quesl Farella and Wildlife Chos1ru111 in Regional 011~1 Chcsuuu Ruoun:u - Hctb Noic - Good Mcdn:mc: "Changes 10 C<!me" • Rev~ Wkr# le&~Nls Medicine: The Sweat lodge ISSUETBN ·WINTER 19l!S-86 Ka1c Rogas • Circles of Slone • lnicmal Mylhmalcing - Holl•lic: Healing on Trial Poem$: Sieve Knaulh • My1Juc Pbc:c:s The Uklona's Talc: Cry11al Magic - Li~ ISSUE FOURTEEN - W-mi« 1986.t7 Uoyd Cul Owlc. Boogers and Mwnmcn - All !SSUETWENTY TWOWin1ct", l9S8-89 Cilobal Wmnaig and Kat4ah .irire This T~ • Thom.u Deny on "Biorcgsons" - Eanh E.xcrase Ko~ Loy McWluru:r • All Abundance oI l'..mplincSJ - LETS • Chninicl.. or Flo)'d - o.ry Wood lnlcrf!ICW The 9.,.., Clan ISSUE THIRTEEN · Fall 1986 Ccnlcr For Awakening - Elinbc:th Callari A Clc:n1lc Dca1h • Hosp>CA! Eincsl Morgan Dealing Crcalivcly with Dcalh Home Bunal Species Day - Cabin Fcve1 Uni•aaity • Homelcu !JI Kaiuah • Homcinadc Hos Wiler S1ovanJtkCf'5 Narrauvc • Good Meche.inc:: lntmpcci.. Conununication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - ,, ~UA~ QURNAL 0 -- - - - - ~ -------- For more info: call Mamie Muller (704) 683-1414 Boie 638; Leicester, NC; KatUah Province 28748 Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Name Enc/Med is$ Address City Area COde Sprl.nq, 1989 ro give this ejforr an extra boost State Phone Number Zip l can be a local contact person for my area Back [ssues Issue#-_@$2.50= $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _@ $2.50 = S_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# __@ S2.50 = $ _ _ Choose any 5 issues: SIO.OO=S_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18-22) @ $35.00 = $_ _ XAwaf1 Jou~ncit Pt«J~ ~s � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 23, Spring 1989 Description An account of the resource The twenty-third issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on varied topics such as the ancient ways of the first people groups in Appalachia; "Planet Art;" tulip poplar trees; the Black Swan Center; and environmentally-friendly economics. Authors and artists in this issue include: Kim Sandland, Denise Newbourne, David Morris, Doug Elliott, James Rhea, Jerry Trivette, C.B. Squire, Elizabeth Griffin, Gil Leebrick, Michael Hockaday, Sheli Lodge, Rob Messick, David Wheeler, Dolores LaChapelle, Martha Tree, Laura E. Jackson, and Jackie Taylor. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Pisgah Village: A Window into Ancient Ways by Kim Sandland.......1<br /><br />Planet Art in Katúah by Denise Newbourne.......5<br /><br />The Green City as Thriving City by David Morris.......8<br /><br />Poplar Appeal by Doug Elliott.......10<br /><br />Clear Sky: A Composite Portrait by James Rhea.......13<br /><br />"A New Earth" by Jerry Trivette.......14<br /><br />College as Community Resource by C. B. Squire.......16<br /><br />Wild Lovely Days: Poems by Elizabeth Griffin | Photographs by Gil Leebrick.......18<br /><br />Natural World News.......20<br /><br />Reviews: Sacred Land  Sacred Sex  Rapture of the Deep.......23   Stopping the Coming Ice Age.......25<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah.......26<br /><br />"Sudden Tendrils" a poem by Michael Hockaday.......28<br /><br />Events Calendar.......32<br /><br />Webworking.......34<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Cherokee Indians--History Excavations (Archaeology)--North Carolina, Western Mixed economy--Appalachian Region, Southern Poplar--North Carolina, Western Community development--North Carolina--Swannanoa River Valley Human ecology in art North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Book Reviews Cherokees Community Earth Energies Ecological Peril Economic Alternatives Education Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest History Forest Issues Geography Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Poems Politics Reading Resources Recycling Shelter Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0d9900eecbaa84dc53b477e07072e743.pdf fa0c060dc360f4bcedc42ca0ae593baf PDF Text Text Postage Paid Bu._M~ Permil 118 LeiceS1er, NC 28748 ISSUE 24 SUMMER 1989 �• • • • (' • :..~ • • . . . . .. . . . ;_~ f ('!; • : : . - • ' • <....~,,,... ._:.!.-:. • ' .. . . • . . . ~ lONTENTJ = d~ ' ~ ·~ ' ,,..... .. .... ~~'" - - <:==:l: . .. . • 'lo. ~(;' I . Dee~LD~~~~r~i~~................................ 3 7...............................s Life ~~I::rr~~~~ Hiroshima Day 1989 .............................7 Direct Actioo! ....................................... 8 T'AI: PEACE by Patrick Clark Planting a Tree of Peace.......................9 Community Building and Peace......... IO by Richard Lowen1Tial Peacemakers: A Resource Listing....... 11 Ethnic SurvivaJ. ................................... 14 Black Mountain Pairing Project.. ........ 15 "Battlesong" ........................................ I6 A Poem by Heather Pirrillo Growing Peace in Cultures................. 18 by Mamie MuJ/er Review: The Chalice and the Blade..................20 Natural World News...........................22 P eace. As we cxplon: the meaning of this word in the Kanlah pro,·ince. we find as many subjective definition5 as there are people working to manifest lhem. Yet, is there an underlying sense that ties together the different perspectives and the work all these people are carrying on? The answer for us came very lute one night while we wen: gathered to prep3te the spring issue of the KatUa.h Journal. Someone by chance called up from the I Ching the hexagram T'ai, entitled "Peace." The sign was composed of three yin lines over three yang lines--illusuating n smte of vibrnnr balancing. The yin energy, which represent<> the receptive or yielding quality of nature, is above the yang, moving downwnrc.1; and the yang energy, which represents the active or creative principle. is below the yin, moving upward. Abovt IMow The Receptive Eanh ( K'un) The Creative. Heaven (Ch'lcn} A Children's Page...............................25 The ~I reads• Drumming........................................... 26 "111is hel<agram dcnotc.s ;i urne m nature when Heaven seems to be on E:lrl.h. Hc:ivc:n has pixed 11sclf bcnCJlh Ille Eanh. and so lhcll' powers unite Events Calendar..................................28 \Vebworking....................................... 30 in deep h:lrmony. Then ~and blc..~'illlJ;S dc.lecnd upon :Ill living lhmg&." In this hexagram. the I Ching emphasius that peace is not a sunk .st.:ite but r.uher one of dynnmic balane"C, alway:. changing as conditions change. Jn the world of nuture and m the world of the human, everything is in motion. It is in the midst of this swirling interplay of forces which create this Life. rhat we begin to feel n sense of hamiony, of communion, of rightness...that could be: identified as peace. When "'e do not cultiv:ue this hannony, then Life becomes •·our of b:ilancc." Finding balance and maintaining b.·llancc-, both personally and culturally, is a process of continuous exchange. When the exchange is balanced. simple 1hough it sounds... peace brings peace. In this world of diversity :ind disparate value systems. peace does not depend on "an absence of con0ic1", but rather on the way we get through the e-0nnic1. II is 1he embracing of all the life forces. even those in apparent opposition. As we strive to preserve the habitats tha1 maint..'lin life and ro bring about specific political and economic changes. we come to recognfae the connec1cdncss of all things. In 1his way, we produce changes rhat are Sll'Ong and enduring. People like those listed in the pages of this issue of Kattwh Journal, nnd many others in the region, arc an lnspinuion to all of us In tl1eir ded1ca11on. The way they go about workin~ for change ii. itself crearing new ways of relating. And the new rcJ31ionships 1h3t are now incubating llJ'C the Ir.Isis of a new culture. Eventually chc insti1u1ions of society, which are simply renccuons of the basic relationships escablishcd :1mong ourselves and other living 1hmgs, will be transfonncd. "May the Spirit so stro11g in the ~hadow and stmm Hold fast 10 what is righ1, A11d S!irt!ly as JOU breaJlre the gentle air of Peace This ia11d shall shefur in the light of love Tlzis land sl:all shelter in the light " Blessed beThe Ednors (l'w fn>m I CIU11g "'T~ BooJ;. o{CiuJntu.1ranslllle<l sn1et ClcmwJ by Richard Wilhdm Uld ill1o Engluh bt Cory F. Ba)'llCJ. Sons l1ria from "l.a:id ol l.i&Jil" ias ro:orded 11) 1~ Ta-vtdtil/Weawrs) �STAFFTHlS ISSUE: Scott Bi.rd Patrick Clark Andy Half-Baker Rob Messick Marnie Muller Mart.ha Tree Richard Lowenthnl David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Susan Adam Abby Bird John Creech WiJI Ashe Bason Jack Chaney Jim Houser Christina Monison PiCllllte Rodney Webb Chip Smilll Morgan Swann ...and !honks IO Jake ror lnte-nighl brownies COVER by Martha Tree INVOCATION from "Meditations with Animals" by Gerald Hausm:m PUBLISHED BY: Ka1U1Jlr Joumal THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIOREOION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mou11raineer Press EDITORIAL OFFICE THIS ISSUE: Globe Valley WRITEUS AT: TELEPHO.'IE: (704) 683-1414 KarUtiii Jour11al Box 638 Leicesier, NC Kaufah Province 28748 Divemty is an imponant clcmcru of biorog101Ul ecology, bolh lllllUral ond social. In hne w11h I.his principle, lhe Kotuah Journol lrics io serve a,~ o forum ror lhe discussion or regional issues. Signed anicles cJtpn:ss only lhe opm1on of the 3uthors and are 001 ncccss:irily lhe opimoos of lite KotUah Journal editors or sulff. The lnierrutl Revenue Service h3S declared Ka1uah a non-profil SOl(c)(3) of lhc lntem:il Revcnu.: Code. AU contributions 10 Ka1U1Jh ore dcdLICllblc from pcrsont1I income twt. orgnnl~tion under section _, SPIRIT FEATHERS Death feather of the crow puts my enemy to sleep Crow feather Crow feather Life feather of the Jay makes my mind awake Jay feather Jay feather Peace feather of the crane turns my enemy into me White crane White crane (Creek Indian) Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mouni.ain range on our continent, Turtle Island, a smaU but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name" Katuah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hllls to the south; and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertain specifically 10 this region, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respecL Living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a " do or die " situation in terms of a qualicy standard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Katuah, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization. IL is our hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense. here in this place. We welcome aU correspondence, criticism, pertinent information. anicles. artwork, etc. with hopes that Katliah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. -The Editors Su mmer. J989 �DEEP LISTENING by David Wheeler "We cannot make a change. We musr be rhe change we wish I() create." - Mohandas K. Gandhi There occurs occasionally a unification of spiritual belief and political activism in which the literal applica1ion of a spiritual principle becomes a potent lever for social change. The resulting techniques are so powerful that they arc a1 once a tactic for solving a problem a11d also lhe solution 10 the problem. It might be said tha1 in that situation the means and 1he end are one and the same. But m ac1uality, when those si1uations occur, there no longer arc diffcre.ntiated "means" or "ends." There is simply a continually unfolding process of change. The mos1 prominent case in modem times is non-violent direct action as pr.tcticed fim by Mohandas Gandhi in South Africa and India and then later by Martin Luther King, Jr. on th is continent. The principles of non-violent direct action have revolu1ionized the role of social protest in the world 1oday. F.ven as people pro1est specific instances of injustice, they also set a positive example of how to resolve social conflicts and raise a posi1ive spiri1ual consciousness a1 1he same time. Today ano1her method known as "deep listening," is curren1ly being developed even as it is being applied. It, 100, will also be noted as one of those powerful unities of spiritual and social practice. Herb Walters is a founder and presently a s1aff worker with Rural Southern Voice for Peace (RSVP), a small group of dedicated activists promo1ing peace issues throughout the southeast from a base in the Celo Community on the Soulh Toe River near Burnsville, Nonh Carolina. From his experience as a counselor of disturbed and delinquent adolescents, as a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers), and as an insrructor in the principles of connict resolution and non-violent direct action, Herb has come 10 realize the power of the Quaker tenet of "listening." The basic principle of deep listening, as practiced an "Listening Project!>'' organized by the RSVP staff, is simple in the extreme: it is listening - without opposition or judgement - to the emotions, wishes, and fears of ordinary people living in ordinary communities. Ye1 the simple act of listening holds great potential for organizing political movements for social change, Listening Projects are often held in communities which a.re facing a crisis situation or divided by a controversial issue. ''Listening Projects are basically a process for geuing activists 01Jt into a community," says l lcrb. On a political level there arc two reasons for getting organizers into neighborhood~. One is tha1 an order for a movemcn1 to expand its base, i1 must reach out to ney. segments of the population - people who mtty fed hopeless or powerless 10 bring about change or people \\hO may be ovenly hostile 10 ch:inge. Listening Project volunteers go to the homes. of people in a target community and approach them dircclly about ll1cir concerns on issues as 1hey are felt wilhin that community. The volumeers often find that If they are successful in drawing people out, they are breaking new ground in exploring feelings about issues thnt the people themselves may never have examined before. Responses vary from door lo door. Sometimes people fall into the standarJ modes of thinking. But in many cases. by examining their true feelings about maucrs they had never considered deeply before. people find themselves identifying or accepting entirely new uppro:iches to old problems. The second reason for getting organizers into neighborhood~ 1s the basic organizing principle, "start where people are at." Pa!it experience has shown that if organizers go into neighborhoods with the mtenl lo conven residents to preconceived ideas on issues. however log1c:tll)' devastanng these arguments might be, they meet with limited success. The Listening Projc:GIS are based on the wisdom that if activi~ts are willing to listen to the people, the people themselves will tell about how the larger issues directly affect their lives. Often people respond to the issues in a more immediate manner than acuvists' in1ellee1ual formulations. A Lis1ening Project in St. Mary's, Georgia found that local rc-~idents fell the presence of an atomic submarine base as an abridgement of their fishing rights. Another Project with the Shenandoah Peace Co:iJuion in Virginia found that people's pnmary C-Oncem was the lack or yoULh activities or programs, which related to problems with drug./alcohol abuse and vandalism. By responding to this concern. the Coalition is ov~oming the isol:ition that many peace groups feel from their communities as well as pointing out the social effects of excessive military spending. But tnere 1s aJw a third and more profound rctlSOn for going into 11 community and becoming involved with local people's concerns· deep lis1ening is a powerful tool 10 bre:ik down stereotypes - on both sides of 11 conversation - and to thereby overcome polarization. Herb states that, 'The fact 1s that a 101 of people out there in mainstream America don't join the pe:tcc movement because they don't trust us. They sec the peace movement in terms of stereotypes. A part of the listening process is to overcome that barrier by letting people's common humanity come through and finding a common understanding. Oftcn a real truth does arise, and we lind that people do care. They re-.iJly care; they ju~t don't know what rodo." But people in the cuhural mainstream arc not the only ones who arc limited by n:mow thinking. "Acrivbt~ in the peace mO\'emcm have a 101 or fears and sterco1ype:; of the \'cry people the>: arc trying to rench," says Herb. "At 1he same time a.~ they are talking about 'outreach,' movemcnt people distance themselves from the majority of the population by working in the safety of their own liule groups and using the media to convey their rn¢ssage. "I see listening as direct action, because through 1he Listening Projects we go right 10 1he people. they don'! like )'OU and what you are doing. that's all the more reason to go right to them. That's non-violence: go right IO the people who are against you and find out why. Find wh:u you can do to change the pol:uiz:llion thac's happening, instead of always keeping your disl:Illce from !hose people." rr In a Listening Project. organiz.ers :ire first trnined in a specittl session with a RSVP staff person in "111.:h they draw up a survey questionnaire. learn communication skills with which 10 approach {con1mued on peg~ 4) Su.mnu:r, 1989 Drawmg by Rob Mc.ssicl; >C.'1tiwf1 Journal p119e lS �peop e, and le.am Lhe crucfal djffercnce bet ween ordin:iry and ''deer u listening. "Normally," says Herb, "when another person 1s speaking, we .ire thinking of ways to put our own point across. Deep listenmg calls on us to let go of our own egos for awhile. We suspehd judgement. We try to become that other person so that we can really understand their fears and hopes. We listen, and we accept the fact thut they are different, that they have different ideas. and we concentrate our attention on their esscmial humanirv, that p:in of us that we all share." · This is called "seeing the light in the other person" in the Friends' way of speaking. II creates its own kind of magic. Opposition dissolves without opposition to foed on, and people at first hostile or indifferent often feel encouraged to open to deep feelings and emotion~. A relationship of l111St is begun that can cross the b:irriers of stereotype and polarization. Differences are "starting points" and come to be seen as interesting pcrspecuves on shared problems and common simations. "lnilinlly there 1s mistrust or some retuctance," says Herb. "but when the person realizes that the volunteer isn't there to conven them or to judge them, they begin to say what they acrunlly think. Wha1 often develops is a relationship of openness and trust, :ind the person speaking often opens to change in a way that they never have before. "They feel safe. They might talk about their fears. They might say, 'We need mon: nucle:ir weapons.' But instead of giving a reaction. the volunteer ju.st says, 'Why do you feel that'?' and really listens to them and draws them into talking about their deeper feelings. "Listeners often find themselves in the position of being facilitators for an internally motivated conversion, as the person they are talking with begins to think about questions like the nuclear arms race or the local bomb plant on an emotional level. In the course of one conversation real change can happen in people \.\ho would never have gone to a peace group meeting. it's a fascinating process." Groups contemplating undenaking a Listening Project art warned that they must be willing t0 make a long-term commitment to the community they are about to enter. Experience has taught the RSVP staff that a Listening Project evokes a mong and often unexpected response. People are "hungry to be listened to," as Herb says. and, although volunteers may start out expecting rejection, interviews more often than not end up with the resident saying, "Do you reaUy have 10 go? Can't you stay just a little longer?" Many people feel hopeless and powerless. They have a sense that they are being manipulated a.nd swept along by forces far beyond their ability to controL They often feel that wishing for change is only causing themselves needless pain. Having someone actually want to hear what they have to say is an empowering experience. h is an offer of hope. It makes them feel that perhaps it is wonhwhile to do away with the psychic numbing in which they taken refuge. But if visitors offer that hope during a visit and then never return again, lhe result is detrimental, and people could be left in a position worse than their original condition. A group muSt be prepared to offer avenues for action that fit the concerns and abilities of the people of lhe community. It may be ~legislative network thnt contacts elected reprcsenl!ltives on specific lSS~es. It migh~ be a church meeting or a fund-raising project. The ob;ect of entenng a community and taking the time to listen is to rea~h_people so they might find 1heir power and take leadership. This 1~ a long process and requires a corresponding degree of commument, but it offers its own rewards for activists willing to muster the patience to see it through. Drawing by C"'la YllOlll'll' f,f1llsaps. I /111 1rtu1~. Smi,Ley .\11.11V11a1n llltlt School Ollr) In thL lad.son COMnI) P~~ /llttwork's /(}/Jr! · ~·1swn of Pcau" conu.rt /J/I In our society, contr0ver:.ies arc customarily settled by deb:ue. One side is suppo~d to overcome the other with the weight of logic. The format is argument, and the focu:. is on differences how "we'~" right and "they're" wrong. In deep listening the interviewers focus tirst on the common ground. the opinions upon which they R$fee wnh the person with whom the)' are talking. In Lisfening Pro;cct training se_,sions it is said: "You may disngree with ninety percent of" hat a person h telling )OU . If so, focus on the :ucas of agreement first. Build a relationship of rrust: then you can look a1 the differences." . In deep listening. disagreements have a place, but tha1 p13ce 1s way do""n the scale from the primary position they custom:uily hold in political discourse, and lhey are never allowed to dim the vision of "the light within." What could be gender than the companionable acr of listening? Yet practittoners have found it to be a technique of grear power with far-reaching social effects. The source of that power lies in going beyond the ego and getting down to lh:u place where lhings change. . O~e experience invol~ed lhe Piedmont Peace Project (PPP). a. b1-r~c1al g_rou~ of lo~-rncome people, which undenook a L1stemng Project Ill the mill town of Kannapolis. Nonh Carolina to broaden community participation in their program. lmerviewers !'Cwmed with a.wealth of infonnauon about the concerns of people !n the communny and how to express these concerns as organizing issues. Members of the PPP, including a couple int.rocluc:cd to the group thr~ugh 1hc Listening Project, attended the 1988 convcnuon of the nauonal SANE/FREEZE organization. SANE/FREEZE was ~.ungry f~r commun~ty ~ontact and welcomed the PPP delegates. I he low·rnco~e. mrnonty people from Kannapolis brought the conce~s oftheirc~~unity bi.:fore the policy-making committee of the na11onal organ_1zauon and helped influence SANE/FREEZE to stre_ss the conn~cuon between military spending and human needs dunng the conung year. .. Bui _for this group the rewards were not all in the realm oi poh11cal mnuence. The PPP hai; found that deep listening empowers member:; of< 1hc g~oup as well a:; the people of the ~ommumty. ~e L1liten10g Pro;eet offered a ~cn~c of involvement m the ~~1unHy. that PPP member:; felt h:id been lacking. . .. It exc111?.g and P.<>wcrrut to ~ircc1ly experience ~eople's lives, says Herb. ~s a Lllitemng Project volunteer. you will meet people for the ~JI'St umc who will open their lives to you in a way some of your fryends never have. Tiu:se community people will calk ro you about things that will move you and touch you deeply." :s (C()lltinued on p:ige 24) Summer, 1989 �LIFE IR I TOIIC CITY wrirten and compiled b!J Juclith I la/le >Ck The city of Oak Ridge is located in eastern Tennessee. near 1he regional hub of Knox\'ille. Its two primary industries are nuclear technologies research and m(lnufacturing components for nuclear warheads, which are carried out on the government-owned Oak Ridge Reservation. Over 15,000 people work on the 37,000-acre site, which is man1gcd for the Depanmen1 of Energy (DOE) by Martin Manetta Energy Systems, lnc. The ciry's location in the heart of TV A's electrical power empire and its proximiry Lo 1-40, a major east-west expressway, make Oak Ridge well-suited for its role in the nationwide US nuclear weapon!> complex. An estimated 680,000 people live within a 50-mile radius of the nuclear producuon facilities at Oak Ridge. The Oak Ridge Reservation is located in an area of rolling hills in the Clinch River drainage system of !he Tennessee River basin. All the sireams in the reservation flow into the Clinch River, which joins the Tennessee 23 miles downsiream. Oak Ridge is an integral pan of the national nuclear weapons complex which is controlled by the Depatunent of Energy. The Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) office of the DOE oversees a uranium production empire that includes the Oak Ridge Reservation and oi.her nuclear facilities in the midwest. There ore three primary weapons production facilities at Oak Ridge: The Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Component Plant fashions the internal componems of H-bombs and plays a pan in the production of every major nuclear weapon in the US arsenal. The sprawling Oak Ridge N:uional Laboratory specializes in energy research, pnnicularly with nuclear technologies, and in the production of radioisotopes for commercial sule. The Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plunt hjs been on standby since 1985 because of a decreased demand for enriched uranium. The plnm currently serves as a waste dump for Y-12 and ORNL. Approximately half of Y-12's 7,000 employees do production work, processing, fabricating, and assembling uranuium and lithium compo111mrs for t/le nation's nuclear warheads. For example. Y-12 receives deuterium (heavy waJer) separatedfrom river warer at DOE's Savannah River plam in South Caroli11a, combines It with lithium and shapes the compound into tablets thllt are sent co warhead a.{sembly facilitit!$ near Amarillo. Texas. Y-12 also recycles e11riched uranium cnmponents from mothballed warheads that have been 10ken apart i11 Texas And it makes precision equipme111 and weapons-testing components for DOE weapons labs in California aJUJ New Me:dco. --Our Own \Vorsi EMmy • p. 111 Secrecy and Control From us inception nnd in large pan 10 the present, 0.1k Ridge, the firs1 atomic city, has been a "secret city.'' In the name of n111ional security, its deadly l~l!'4~f;~JA;J-'tll~~:!~ workings have been kept hushed. This is wha1 drives the "see nothing. hear nothing, say nothing" attitude that has allowed the present· day problems of nuclear we.ipons proliferation. cnvironm1:ntal destruction, and dcterior:iting public health 10 evolv.:. In early 1943 the residents of \\'hen l, a small turnu ng communny 1n enstcm Tenne~scc.. were ~mddenl\ 11prl)otcd, /Jarl)el! 1111.:.fc11ce and a serle.1 of scc1mry gates .mung up around Summc• , 1989 their land. and crude houSinl tlvown wgetlu:r for a di/ferettt ldnd of conununity. Thllusands of construction workers - their 11umber 1Nenmalty reached 47 .500 - heaved up enormous experimemal srructures in which tlwusan.ds of scie111i.Hs arul production workers would make maJerialsfor the first aJomic weapon.s." -·Old 01rn Wom Ent1rry. p.112 111e nev. community, Oak Ridge, was k.epl under strict government control. Its citi.rens, under the jurisdiclion of the Ma.nhauan Projec11 set into motion production of the nation'~ first atomic bomb. On August 6, 1945, the secrecy was broken when the "Linle Boy" bomb devastated Hiroshima nnd led to 1he end of World War ll. The enriched ur-.inium-235 that fueled that honible explosion was produced at Oak Ridge. 11uec days later, Nagasaki was dei;troyed by a plutonium-produced bomb, another kind of nuclear weapon that had been re.~carched at !he O.tk Ridge Lab. Nearly 200,000 city 1'C$idems died in the two blasts. These bombs changed the nature of war by changing the technology of weapons. Humankind now had the capability to destroy the world. "In 1948 the AEC'sfirst chairman, David Utienrhal, urged that the atomic (ndustr)' 'enlist a widening area of our economy,• by sending its roots deep and wide into the same soil that /uls nourished the auionwti11e and other industrial gianlS, the soil of competitive private ittdustry." -OurOwn Worst Enemy. p.116 T he commercialization of the ruom in Oak Ridge came when Union Carbide was installed as lhe sole contractor. At about the same time, 1he AEC cook steps that seemingly decreased governmental control or Ouk Ridge. In 1949, after seven years of total control, the city was opened 10 the public and passes were no longer needed to enter. In 1959, residents voled 10 incorporate and established their own municipal government. This communi1y autonomy was a farce, however. In reality, "the institutional changes made Oak Ridge a town run by two companies--Carbide and tire governme11t- eaclt bufferi11g the other from various forms of acco1111tabiliry and e.wctirig a deep measure of comrol " ·--Old Ow11 Wor.rt £ntmy. p.116 Worker safety and health at the Oak Ridge Reservation nlso fell prey to the policies of secrecy and control. 'T11ey wen: almost c-0mpletcly neglected in the interest of greater bomb production. lnjured and exposed workers were examined and treated exclusively by a special team of radiologists, who kept comple~ control over the employees· medicOLI record!i. Losing coun cases were prevemed. sometimes with hush money, and only winnable ones were brought to trial. The AEC both set nnd enforced the rudiation standards, and kept sccrct unpublicized medical research on the effects of radiation. In 1956, Carbide and the AEC raised the plant's allowable limit for radiation levels on clothing and h:inds to eight times the previously existing lmut. This wus part of an aggressive 111!.:e-back \:ampaign launched after the Oil. Ch1:micll and Atomic \Vorkers union local had advanced numerous n.:commcnd.111ons tor safety improvements. The fu:.t aucmpt 111 outside regulation of the cnvironrncnl tit Oak Ridge was m 1975 when the l!nv1ronmcnU11 Prorection Agency (EPA) first gr.mtcd :\ational Pollution D1sch:ugc Ehmin3tlon SysL pem11ts to Oak Rtdl:e cm facilni es The permits \\t:re (rommllell on ~gc 6) 00 l'hoco 'Kiltunr, J ournnt pu 5 �Burial Grounds: A Legacy of Hazard (continued rrom page 5) diluted by exemptions, however. For example, the pcnnils did 001 monitor mercury, PCBs, and other toxics, or waterborne radioactive wastes. Still. between 1975 and 1983, Union Carbide monitors reported 740 violations. The EPA "canied" DOE in spite of itS non-compliance, and in 1980 renewal pennits were drafted. Poisoned or Protected? After World War 11, there was a surge of activity 10 build H-bombs. From that time to this, the US and USSR have each produced arsenals of nuclear weapons numbering in the tens of thousands to "murually deter" each other. Now large areas of both the Soviet Union and the US are unlivable due to excessive radioactive contnmination. Cancer monalities are increasing. Money has been squandered, and local economies have become bomb-dependent. "National security" has lost its original meaning. And lhe bomb-1n1cks keep rolling. The H-bomb project involved the handling and disposal of huge q11anti1ies of toxic and radioactive materials. When lilh1um was detected in lhe annosphere after the test explosion of an early Soviet ;i , imic bomb, research centered around separating the lithium isotopes. The process finally adopted used massive amounts of mercury to make electrochemical cells. Oak Ridge's Y-12 Plant was the site chosen for this activity. In this second surge of activity :u Oak Ridge, most of the US markelS for mercury were bought out. Burial grounds at the Oak Ridge Reservation are shallow unlined t.renches in 1he eanh holding toxic and radioactive wastes. They contain everything from "low-level" radioactive waste (meutls, gloves, clothes, rags, e1c,) to chemicals in drums, solvents and depleted uranium. Incoming, off-site waste shipments have been buried with records of their contents inaccurately kept or lost. Most are covered with earth now, but during waste dumping, they were left open. Of1en the crenches filled with water during periods of heavy rainfall. The contents of some of the burial grounds are classified as Steret because of the kinds of radioactivity they contain, which places chem outside of state and federal jurisdiction. All the dumping are;is were originally sited for accessibility, and scam attention wos paid 10 I.he geological and hydrological characteristics of the area. Since the rainfall is 60 inches annually, there is a shallow water table and an extensive surface water system. Contamination, i.e. sirontium-90 and uranium, leaks into the water table in all directions, and is carried by water runoff into streams during times of henvy precipitation. '7he leakage from the burial grounds has contaminated not only nearby rocks and soils, comprising a large surface area, but has carried a tremendous amo11111 of radionuclides, thereby conian11naring stream beds a long distance from the si1e. Considering the length of 1he radioactive half-lives contained in the waste, it is doubtful 1/Jat the reserva1ion itself or its surrounding areas can ei·er be returned to a natural s1a1e." -Deadly Dc/t nse. p. 112 "/rt low doses. radiation causes lung, bone and other kinds of cancer, leukemia. premature aging, birth defects, sterili.Jy, blood composition challges and caiaracts ofthe eye. Because radiation ltas the highest impact on growing cells, yowzg children,fe111ses and embryos are the most readily affected. Radiation can also cause genetic mura1io11, the complete effect of which will 1101 be known for gener.a1fons. The likelihood of developing cancer. disease or generic effecis is related tO the OJ11ow11 received by 1he tndivid11,a/, lhe rart ofexposure and the rype of rudiarwn. " Oak Ridge Reservation Wltn Nearby Towns and Strums --Deadly 011/tnst. p. L25 Dams and SetUing Ponds: Last Line of Defense? N t 1 J • ' "' .... "/Ji the excitement, Y-12 misplaced a huge portion of mercury. A J9n Union Carbide audit. compiled largely from the memories ofoperaiing perso1111el, estimated char 2 .4 million pounds were losr between 1950 and 1972. Of 1hi.f anwunr,Jederal officials could not accou111 for I .9 million pounds (they speculated that much of ii lies w1dernea11t rite Y-12 buildings used for lilhiwn separation): 475,000 pounds wound up i11 one Oak Ridge creek; and 30,000 pounds were lost through airborne vapors." --Our Own Worst Enemy, pp.129 Mercury contamination has been just one environmental problem 1n Oak Ridge. After 46 years of "haste and waste" production schemes, the extent of environmental destruction has been shocking. "With a col/ec1ion of unlined pits, unfiltered stacks, lifeless streams and a willingness to use the Great Ouuioors as their filtration system, ORO's waste managers have wagered that dilution is the pollurum solwio11·-tluu a Jwrde of migrating wastes will grad11a1/y dissipote their toxic quali1ies as they meatUier around a11d ojf1he reservaJion." However, "Former Oak Ridge health physicis1 Karl Z. Morgan says tlwr ORNL 1estsfow1d radioactive con10mi11an1sfrom Oak Ridge Reservation 111 river sediment as far away as the Mississippi River." -·Ow Own Worst £Mmy, pp. J32, 136 Xau'.ulfi Journat pa9e 6 "The restrvaiion's three major facilities were built virtually top offour lfibutaries of the Clinch River in order 10 exploit 1hem as sewers. White Oalt. Creek carries ORNL's wasces, Poplar Creek receives ORGDP's and £as1 Fork Poplar Creek and Bear Cr1rek carry Y-12 's." --Ow Own Worst Enemy. p. 133 Ofl Two of the creeks, White Oak and East Fork Poplar Creeks, were dammed, according 10 the DOE, 10 create a "last line of defense to keep ORNL and Y-12 pollumnis from exiting the sites." These and other small dams "...have a rwo-fold function fim, the highly contaminated water in streams becomes di/wed in the large impowzdme11ts created by the dams; second, impounding the water allows time for radionuclid& UJ bind U) particles and seu/e otu, thus creating settling ponds. Both functions are supposed 10 serve to lower the total radia1ion co11111 in wasu! streams eman01i11g from 1he facilities In tliis way 1hefacili1ies try 10 use tire primitive and inexpensive method of dilulion to reduce the concemrations of radioactive co11tami111Jtio11 to 1/te level required by lax federal Standards. Those sra11durds do not limit the total 01n<1111Jt of polluwnt.f tlw1 could be disposed of each day. HSe\·eral problems have resu/!edfrom rhis practice ofdil111i11g waste. First, during heavy rainfall the system fails: the lakes behind 1he tlams can IW longer act as set1lin11 ponds. their waters rise a11d become turbulent, and largt amounts of radionuclides t1W\'e over rite dam and into the Clinch Rfrer. Second. rite beds of these se11ling ponds, over time, lrave become so filled with radioacti-.:e sedill'.en1 1ha1 1/ie process of binditig a1ui sc11li11g om ll'hicli is supposed to occur becomel less possible." --DeadlyD~feJUe. p. 107·108 SumttWT, l 989 �Air Releases For fear of their enemies, humans have unleashed powers have already caused great destruction and threaten co destroy all life unless they are curbed. Governments seem blind to the fa't lhat our greatest enemies are the weapons used to Lhrcaten our human "enemies." . Our paranoid fc:ar of o~er ~umans has doomed us to a path that, 1f we connnue to follow H, will lead to the certain desuucrion of all life - not in a grand holocaust, but as vicrim to a slow toxic wasting disease. ' t~at A study done by rhe Office of Environmental Audit of the DOE in 1986 found 1hat, at 1he Y-12 Plant alone, I.here were 233 b!-lildings with 350 s1acks thn1 rekased one or more pollu1ants to thi: au. Only a few had filtration controls. Eighty-six of the s1acks e!llined U-23.4, 235 or 238. "Normal operational releases'' of airborne uranium had come to 12,870 pounds during Lhe plant's history. Accidents and spills at the Y-12 plant have released unknown quantities of uranium. "EPA Sraiistics show tlUll the Oak. Ridgt Reservation and the Fernald Peed Marerials Producrio11 Ce111er lead all DOE facilities in rel~asiflg radioactive particles 10 the atmosphere Oak. Ridge area resulenrs are exposed ro airborne radio11uclides measuring 50 mremfyear 10 the lungs and 8 mremslyear to the bone--jive times gremer than a proposed EPA limit.'' -OivOwn 1Vors1E~emy,p.137-138 A new i.tlcinerator, slated to go on-line in the summer of 1_989, will increase the risk of air pollution. This incinerator, ltcensed by the EPA. will bum radioactively contaminated PCB's. Another incinerator in the Oak Ridge area has also been licensed to bum low-level radioactive waste. (sec KattJalt Joivnal, Issue 23) "Incineration releases radionuclides such as tritium, carbon-14, and iodine inro tlte air, and can also create the potent car~inoge11 dioxin.This radioactivity is carried by prevailing winds wl11ch blow northeast and southwest along 1he valley without crossing the ridges." -Deadly Defense.pp. 115.74 For 1he r.akc of evcry1hing I.hat lives we must resist this destructive impulse in ourselves and stop our slow slide into oblivion by stopping the production of all nuclear weapons now. References: Our 01t111 Worst Enemy. The lmp()CI of Military Production 011 the Up~r Sow/I • wriucn by Tom Schlesinger with John Gnventa and Jullet Merrifield and published in 1983 by The Highlllnder Research and Educnuon Center (RL 3, Box 370: New Market, TN 37820). D11adly Defense: Military Radioactive la!ld/llls - wnuen by Marvin Resnikoff. Lisa FiM.ldl, 11t al.• and published by I.he Radioncuve Waste Crunp:iign (625 Bro:idway, Scc:ond Floor: New York City, NY 10012) IF '\'1~ J)()N''I1 S'l'() 1>, '1111l~lll~ '\'II.1I.1 JJJ~ N<> ONJ~ 1 1~:.~r<ltllJ~\Jlhis 6 By BriJNJINs FirUtin., Grade Jt,S"'°""JMOW!lmn JllgliSdwol An En1ry 11t w 1989 "\/LnonofPeace" <:onJl!SI spcnwr~dby 1neJOl:UoltCowd1ptauNtrwort The Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance (0REPA) and other co-sponsoring groups are orga.ni~ing the "NEVER AGAIN: March for Peace and the Environment" action on Hiroshima Day, August 6. 1989 in Oak Ridge, TN. You and other individuals and groups rrom the region and the nation arc invired to aucnd. This action is seen as a major event in this "Year of Resistance." People from diverse backgrounds and understandings will come together to create a large, compelling turnout, which will non-violently demonstrate that the issues surrounding peace and the environment can no longer be ignored. The focus of this action is lhc Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Pinnt managed by the United Stares Department of Energy in Oak Ridge. The goals of the march and weekend activities arc to make a statement for: · the cessation of production and deployment of nuclear weapons. - the environmental restoration or the weapons production facilities, and • the use of the talents and money now being wasted in weapons production to be used for goods and servic.~s which meet human needs. March for Peace and the Environment Hiroshima Day August 6, 1989, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Oalc RUJgt E11~/ronmental Ptau Alliantt P.0, Otn llOJ. Kno1CVill6. TN 37901 (615) S7l-2322 Si.unmu, 1989 During the days between Jliroshima Day 3nd Nagasaki Day, a Peace Caravan will proceed from Oak Ridge to the Sav:inn:ih River Bomb Plant near Aiken, SC. to Warner Robins, GA, ending up at the Kings Bay Submarine Base in Sl. Marys, GA on Augusi 9. Free camping 1s available Saturday and Sunday at the peace camp. It is a primitive camping situation and campers should come prepared. The camp is 30 minutes east of Knoxville JUSt minutes off Interstate 40. Please pre-register for maps and information. ./~ P' Schedule or Events Saturday, August 5: 12:()()..6:00 pm· Check-in at Peace Camp 5:00-7:00- Check-in and Potluck Snacks, Laurel Theater, Knox.ville 7:()().8:00 • Premiere of the ftlm 811.iltling Bombs. Laurel Theater 8:()().12:00 - Social, music, Laurel Theater 8:30-9:30- Ecumenical cnndlelight vigil at Y-12, Oak Ridge 10:00-12:00- ''Dan~ Against Destruction• Sunday, August 6 12:00-3:00 pm · Regisuarion, Alvin K. Bissell Parle Oak Rid;;e I:00-4:00 - Non-violence trrumn~ 4:00-5:00 - Aflinity groups meeung 3:00-6:00 - Music, speakers, "Uranium: Tm.ii of Tears" 6:00-6:30 - "NEVER AOAIN: M:irch for Peace and the Environment• 10 the Y·I 2 gates 6:30-7:00 - Rally nnd non-violent civil diso~dience 7:00·8:00 - Jail vigil 8:00-9:00 · Community 5h:iring Monday, August 7 Morning - Peace Caravan depans Oak Ridge �''Do by Patrick Clark The Oak Ridge EnvironmenUl.l and Peace Alliance (OREPA) began in June, 1988 for the purpose of organizing a rally at the Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Components Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This very successful non-violent demonstration on Hiroshima Day, August 6, 1988 saw 170 people march on the plant to oppose the processes of nuclear weapons-making. Five people were arrested in 1he first cases of civil disobedience 10 occur in Oak Ridge, a major clement of the national weapons production complex. Since the 1988 Hiroshima Day event OREPA has continued to be active as well as producuve in its research. uncovering and presenting before the public spotlight the realities of the Y-12 operations and the nuclear industry t1t Oak Ridge. OREPA participated in emerging "Green" world vision looks at issues not as isofaled and separnte, but as co-dependent nnd interrel:i.1ed. The Bomb, a deadly monster in itself. produces a trail of devastation from the mines where the raw uranium is taken from the ground, along the route by which it is shipped to the plant, 10 where its by-products are buried or released into the environmcnL This process, supposedly vital to national security, involves mine tailings, highway spills. accidental releases, and radioactive waste. Is it in 1he imeres1 of "na1ioual securily" for our governmem to poison the environment and hllrnl the local people? Bomb production is causing this environmental destruction constantly, whether the final products are detonated or noi. Oak Ridge is a cenier of highly concenttated nuclear activity. It is "a disgrace to Katuah" and "a blight on the countryside," says Smith. ''What they do at Y-12 is repugnant. The bombs are produced to kill men, women, and children. The whole operation is laced with secrecy, illegitimacy, and intimidation. Employees are threatened with loss of their jobs if they discuss what they do. There is noihing resembling a free exchange of ideas. This runs counter to the values our country was founded on and how humans should treat each other. Thepublicdoesn'thave access to what's going on there. The DOE produces a noxious brew of chemicals that is released into the surrounding airand water. Hidden in their ~ fog of secrecy, they use 'national ~ security' as justification for all this." engages in periodic31 tracking of nuclear weapons shipmen is) in the ~ foll of 1988 and has testified at scoping hearings at Oak Ridge. The group was the guest of lhe US Dep:mment of Energy on a tour of the various Oak Ridge facilities. ft hns also developed a slideshow uboul the situation at Oak Ridge and actions taken to correct itThe presentation has been shown to over 50 church, school, and environmental ln the arena of nuclear warfare, human rights, groups. peace, and environmental issues go hand in The group has also joined the Miliwy hand. Production Network. This is a coalition of national and local groups concerned with nuclear OREPA was founded on direct acuon. weapons production facilities thro1.1ghout the "Direct action is people raking responsibility for country. Delegates from the member groups protection of their offspring and the planet. meet periodically 10 generate strategies for Direct action is not letting those in power decide developing public opposition to the production wbat is best for us. This involves sincerity, of miliu'lry weapon.~ dedication, t\lld, at times, risk. Direct action is a Because of its involvement with the very powerful personnl sutement of one's nuclear weapons industry at Oak Ridge, OREPA values." has become a fairly credible counterweight to the Smllh says that bis experience in 1he government operations there. The group has Y-12 demonstration was a moving and become known as a voice: for alternative views empowering one. It made him realize thnt one of Oak Ridge. person can make a difference. "There 1:> no reason to feel helpless and like you're not being hurd. Direct action shows you this." Whal is lhe conne~tion that prompted Oak Ridge is 45 years of environmental OREPA to adopt both environmental and peace debL Heavy me1als, PCB's, and toxic organic issues in LO its title? According to Steve Smith, a chcmlcnls have constantly been release-0 into the founding member of the group. the peace and surrounding creeks. and rndioactivity is environmental is:;ues are inseparably linked. The ~tUafi 1ounml Ptl941 8 dispersed into the air. Deadly wastes which even the government has no1 tabulated have been buried around the city. P-01luted radioactive groundwater is carried in10 the creeks during periods of heavy rainfall . "Many questions remain,'' says Smith. "What is the migration of the deep-well injections. for instance? We're not getting answers. There are obviously lots of serious problems there." OREPA's immediate goal is to curb weapons production ac Oak Ridge. Uhima1ely the group is seeking a complete halt to the production of nuclear weapons and a timely clean-up of the military mess. This requites exposing the rationale behind nuclear armament to the general public. "Let's stan a debate on what's fueling the arms race," says Smith. "What are the economic realities hidden behind the facade of national security? The money tied up in the rums race is phenomenal. Part of OREPA's goal involves funding other work for the people employed there. Suggestions include research in solar and other renewable energy alternatives. as well as clean-up of the exisung damage. They are not presently fulfilling any useful function, anyway. "The Sovieis are ""illing 10 negotiau:: the people in Europe don't want nuclear weapons. The US cannot continue to Justify its arms production within this current world situation." The next eight months are important ones for world peace. Vital decisions arc being made in Washington which will set the nuclear policy agenda for the next 50 years. The government can go 1wo ways according to OREPA: it can continue 10 build more nuclear weapons for the fu1ure, or it C3II clean up what it hns done so far. Whal will decide !his is people getting involved. How can people get involved? There nre three main ways: I) by becoming informed and informing others; 2) by taking pan in the political process. Write letters. attend public forums, call your representatives, demand 1hat our opinions be hew-d and our money shifted away from nuclear weapons bujld-up; and 3) be in Oak Ridge on August 5 and 6 for the 1989 Hiroshima Day March for Peace and the En\'ironment. Dr""'"'I "1 F.dJiL l/aJJ, 9111 ~rodL Jtlltk111 a18ht& Ri~ lllgh School, Gl#nvil~. ftltXtlt Caro/111(J, an ollry '"rite 1989 • Visfo>i tJf P~~· COflldl •poN<Jritd by w lad.son COIU'oly P~ocr ,,. # , NdWtlTt ~ Summo.;r, 1989 �PLANTING A TREE OF PEACE by David Wheeler In the spring of 1987, a group of parents and peace people in White County, Georgia went to the Superintendent of Schools to ask thnt some pan of the school curriculum to be devoted to peace education. They wanted to balance the unrestricted military recruitment activities that were being carried out on the high school campus. l11e superintendent sent lhe idea on to a committee, declaring that he was a veteran of the Kore::in War and ''a patriotic American." Needless to say, the idea was stifled in 1he bureaucratic framework. Months latl!r the parents returned with another proposal. This time they sugges1ed involvmg the students in a llaudenosaunee (Iroquois} Indian ceremony called "Planting lhe Tree of Peace." At the original Tree of Peace ceremony, the Six Nations {lroquo1s) Confedcrocy was formed; and pans of the US Constitution were actually modeled on 1hat confederacy. The proposed latter-day ceremony was planned to coincide with the observances of the bicentennial of the signing of the US Constitution... ~ well as remind studencs of the Indian heritage of this land. Within this historical context, the second suggestion was accepted, and the group contacted Jake Swamp, peace chief of the Iroquois Nacion, who has brought this ceremony to many places around che world. He Q£l'CCd tO conduc1 the event. Weeks or publicity and preparation preceded the ceremony. School children wrote invitations to 1heir local and national elected representatives asking them to auend. A local journalist helped the children write a press :innouncement to be released to community newspapers. When Jake Sw:1mp ;UTived. he fir:;t spoke to the eigh1h grade children at their school. He opened his Ullk by giving 1hanks 10 the spirits 01 all things 1kn live and the Grc;it Sp1ri1 over all, and told the children that 11 was imponani tel open C\ery gathering by recognizing the: spirits of the '' orld. He nlso spoke to high school soci:il studies cla~ses and gave a presentation at an assembly in the elementary school. At 1he assembly fifth grnde children presented him with gifis they had made.. When he ~poke to second-graders in their classroom. some of !he children were frightened of h.im at first, but Swamp calmed their fo:irs by telling them of lhe tradition of the peace chief among his people. He said he never fought, as that would bctr:iy his trust to his tribe. but r.uhcr worked to promote peace amoni; his people and in the world. The next day, Swamp wen1 wuh his ho~ts to the S:lutee-Nacoochee Presby1 erian Church and spoke to the younger children. His message in the children's sermon was that we should remember to give thanks for all things. and lhnt every gathering should open with a prayer of thanks. Summer, t 96C} prophecies that the day will come when the wild strawberries will rcrnm no more, and all that will remain for the people will be the leaves of the plant. It will be lhat way for everythmg. Swamp said. The day will come when most or lhe living beings of creation will be gone 10 a beuer place where none or this pollution and destruction is happening. Yet, even 1hen, we must sull give thanks for what remains to us. Afcer Swamp's presentation, lhe group ai Sautce placed a white pine tree donated by a local landscaper into :i large hole, nnd the children present covered the roots with dirt. Then four children. representing the four directions and the four races or the world, tied four ribbons· red. black, white. and yello\\ - to 1he tree to mingle together in the wind. Other children came forward and also deconued the tree with ribbons. Traditional lndian dancers from the Cherokee Indian Reservation, led by Richard Crowe, then performed craditional Cherokee social dances. A group of women from the local community presented Jake Swamp wnh ll beaded bell lhnt they had m.nde depicting the White Tree of Pence surrounded by a.II the peoples of the world. The ceremony was completed with a gigantic pot-luck feas1. Tree or Pence Socic1y That afternoon the Tree of Peace Ceremony was held at the Sautec·Nacoochee Community Center. Over 100 people attended the gathering. Elected official~ who Wt.'TC present were recognized and given a chance to speak. Girl Scouts paraded around the site carrying the fings of many nations. symbolic of international uniry. When Jake Swamp ~poke, he cold the story of The Peacenu1ker, who first brouglu peace. to the constlltltly warring tribes of the St. Lm~rcncc Rivcr-ca'1em Grc:u Lakes :irc.i nnd drew them together to form the lroqu<us Confederacy. In the \\'hite Tree of Peace ccrcmony, lcgc:nd s:iys that the Pcncc:makcr tore a t?reat white pine tree from the ground. Ile then bid Adodarhoh, originally the licrcest of the tribal W;lf chiefs, to be the fin;1 of the warriors to thro\\ his weapon!' into the hole which opened into an underground river and carried them away. The tree was replaced in the holt:, and The Peacemaker declared lh:u, "The Y.hi1e roots of this tree will go out in nil 1hc dirc!Ctions, and lhe children of filJ 1.hosc present will be able to gather together under the shade of this Tree of Pcl::icc for all time to come." fake Swamp again emphasized the imponance of giving thanks :ind :.aid that no matter hov. bad things might seem 10 be, it is imponant 10 give lh:mks for what we have. Ile gave as an example the wild strawberry plant, which is very sacred to th1: lribcs of the Huudenosaunce. It 1s said among the Haudenosaunce that thing~ migh1 indeed be bad now, buc !hey know th;u someday things will be worse. because it is given in the tribal The Tree of Peace is thriving in Soulhc:m Appalachian soil The white pine pl3nted in Sautee was surrounded with wildflowers, set around its base the following year. Oo New Year's Day, 1989. bulbs were planted around lhe rrce, which bloomed later in the spnng. The tree is kept mulched and tended by the children and aduhs of lhc community. It il> ;i focus of e:1ch year's New Year celebrauons and the annUjl community fo~1ivals which :in: held at the cen1er. Because it wns positi\'c nod nonconfronianonal in ns nature, 1hc Tree ol Peace.: ceremony softened 1he members of 1he school bo!l!d They cnme to ~c-e that to 1he loc:il group, "pence·• meant brillgb.g pc•ople :oge1/1a rnther than splimng the rommunny apart. l11crcfon:. in 191)9, community members w.:rc allowed to perform ti peace pl.1y at the sd1ool. T/ie Peace C/11/d tdls the story ot nn American girl and a Ru~siun boy who become tricnds and evcnrn:illy bnng 1hc:1r countric<>' leaders 10ge1ticr to discuss di~armament (sec: p. 15). The piny was also presen1cd in a pubhc p¢rfonn:ince. which was :mended by the whole school board, 1he county commissioners, and other eh:cted officials. The play was supponed in pan by local businesses. It was filmed for TV by the CNN Networl.;, and the t0\\11 enjoyed the "idesprcad nucntion it received. 11lc :.pirit of peace has brought changes 10 a small, rur.1.l 1own in Kaniah. (prepared v.11/i tlic 11.:tp ofJ(}{JJmt Steele) Rc:.aun:c; r/:( Grwl law of Pc.:JU and TN! Co11.1111ui1on 0/1/11: UrnudS1aus of./tr111:nca. Tr~ ol Pc!ICCSocicty, c/o Jake Swump. Box 188·C Cook Ro.1!1: Mohawk Nauon: YUi Hogamburt. NY 13655 �. Community Building and Peace: The Vital Connection A look oJ The Fou11datio11for Commu11ily E11courageme111 by Richard Lowenthal Most people, ii questioned, would say that they deeply desire peace and a sense of community in their lives. Yet, despite this longing, most people usually have very little idea of how to creartt pe3Ce and community, and thus end up fceHng stymied and hopeless about it - which le~ incvitabl y to resignation and apathy (two of the of1-dei;eribed hallmarks of the 80's). We need only to look at the course oflhe "peace movement" over the pasr two dCQndes, 10 sec this discouragement and disempowcrmcnt at work. Ccnainly, the peace mov.:ment has had an important impact on many lives and on our social consciousness, but in some crucial respects the movement has been remarkably ineffective. ls our -planet really nny more peaceful now thnn it wns ten or twenty or thiny years ago? ls meani11gful disarmament (as opposed to the token disnnn:uneot now being righteously touted by the superpowers) any closer to becoming a reality? Despite all the efforts of varied peace groups and peace-minded citizens, we are all still churning out more and more nucle:ir weapons. every day of every year - and movement toward la..~ting peace and improved intemationru relations has in most respects been negligible. Why is this? Why has lhe peace movement had such difficulty gaining headway and achieving tangible results? And why do many people srill dismiss the goal of peace as an impractical, visionnry dream? For that matter, why is the peace movement often exactly that· unrealistic and impractical? As we prepare to enter the last decade of the second millenium, it is vital thnt we understand these questions and seek to nnswer them - for the answers we seek may well be crucial to our survival. Ooc oflhe most positive and provocative approaches to these questions is that taken by The Foundation for Community Encouragement (FCE) in Knoxville TN, a non-profit organiiation based largely on the seminal work of Dr. M. Sc0tt Peck and his most recent book Tiie Different Drum: Comn11111iry Making and Peace. The book's introduction begins with a deceptively simple yet astonishing statemcni: "In and through community lies the salvation of the world." It is astonishing • and not at all simple - because the dist.resSing truth is that "most of us have never had an experience of true community." Thus saying that community will be our salvation is like crying "to describe the taste of artichokes to someone who has never eaten one." Until we can truly experience ond savor the taste. texture, and feeling of community, there is simply no way to comprehend Dr. ~1.-ck's opening stntemem. Then four paragraphs into th~ inu-oducuon to ·. . .· . this amnz.ing book. Dr. Peck very mildly expresses his views about peacemaking - in the procC£S answering the questions expressed earlier in this article. His words are wonh quoting 1n full: "... initially. r thought this book should be entitled 'Peace-Making and Community.' But that would put the can before the horse, for I fail to see how we Americans will be able to communicate effectively with the Russians (or any people of other culrures) when generally we don't even know how to communicate with the neighbors next door. much less our neighbor.; on the other side of the tracks. True communication. like the charity it requires, begins :1t home. Perhaps peacemaking should start small. I am not suggesting... that we should abandon global peacemaking cffortS. I am dubious, however. as to how far we can move toward global corrununity • which is the o111y way to achieve intemntional peace- until we learn the basic principles of community in our own individual lives and personal spheres of influence." The book goes oo to explore the essence of community, and the process of community-building through sharing, vulnerability, communication, and real relationship. Dr. Peck is careful 10 explain the difference between "pseudo-community" and the experience of true community, and an understanding of this differece is crucial to understanding FCE's mission and philosophy. While community is characterized by openness, inclusivity, risk-taking, and genuine appreciation of the differences of personalities and opinions, "pseud~community" is based on rigid expectations and beliefs, exclusivity, maintaining an appearance of community, and the squelching of confrontation and differences. As FCE puts it, ''Through the power of genuine community, we seek to offer opportunities for people to bridge differences and reconcile conflicts with authenticity and integrity.'' In practical tcnns. FCE's focus extends into several different areas - all, of course, related to the an (or science?) of community-building. Its primary focus is to share the experience of community through powerful weekend programs called Community Building Workshops. The effectiveness of these workshops is made evident by the fact that in 1988 over 50 were conducted throughout the United States, just three years after the first workshop was offered • which happened to be the 011Jy one presented in 19&5! In 1986. twelve were conducted. and in 1987 lhere were thirty. These weekend workshops are exll'Cmely cxpericmial in narure, as well as participatory - there is very Httle intellectunl material presemed, and no lecturing at nil. This does not mean. however, that intellectual awnrcne:;s is discounted ·quite the contrary! In fact, one of the strengths of the workshops is that awareness nnd community grows ouc of evc:ryone's total experience within the group scning, and not out of some framework or organiwrion imposed on the group (a.~idc from some basic ground rules for the weekend). Since there is very little to grab on LO in order to pigeon-hole or intellectualize what's happening, and the group leaders are not teaching. or lecturing, or giving directions (with a few exceptions), (c:ontinuol cm Ne Z.:J Drnwing by Rob Messick Su.mnu:r, 191t9 �Peacemakers for the Katuah Bioregional Province (a partial listing) American Friends Service Committee Asheville Aikikai Pc<JCe Program 92 Piedmont Ave. NE AtlllllUI, GA 30303 (404) 458-0460 939 Riverside Drive Woodfin. NC 28804 (704) 258-1330 Dan P:ilmcr, lnwuctor Amnesty Internntioruil The pltilos()phy of rukido 1s much different from that of rnt>il f/llJl'tial ans; rather than mttting an Oltachr head-on, studl:nts of aikido lrrarn first how 10 get ow of the way. Then we are 1augl11 l10w to capture an Ollachr's energy and redirect /J, so thr amounJ of tnugy pw fnto the a111Jck. is returned 10 the aiiacku. In a1kldo practice an attQ(.ktr is immobl/iud Ira such a way lhnl, t'Vtn if ht dou11'1 know how to fall, he is brouglll 10 the ground "'ithDUI bting hurL Tht idea is lo immobilize him. The purpose of aikido is 10 ruolv~ a violent conflict without harm 10 one's st.If ar to an auacktr. Practitioners of aikido do 1101 considtr an attacking person as an t11emy. An attacker is simply pr&rcflting us with on opporruniry 111 practice Instead of ignoring an attadc. we learn ID embrace iJ and use 11 as an opportunityfor personal spiritual ~w:lop~111. Tht! most Important thing a/Jou.I nikido i.f Ml self-defense. but self-control It is necessary IO learn to control one's own tnergy o.!ld one's own balance before one can control SOPU!ane. rlsc'J tnergy and balance. Once on4 lia.r mastend st/f-conlral. con1101/ing someone else is no1 so dlflicult. The physi.cal practice of nikido techniqUl!s enhances Jht: developmMt of the spirit. Bodily txptrltndng tlu! principles of nikido 111 training, one gets a btJlt!r feel/or 1he ~truual D$pt:CIS of ti~ practice than a reading of tlte p/tilosophy could give. Then agam. one canMtjust practice, <1ne OIJO has 101hinJ.. l1 worlcs both ways. · Da11 Palmer Soul.hem Region 730 Peaclurce (#982) Atlllll1.3, GA 30308 ConUICt Judi Hom Appalachian Peace Educalion Center 114 Coun Sll:'CCl ~~\.ACJf1. Abingdon, Virginia 24210 (703) 628-4366 ~~ . ~4- ..., /. 1g: ~ (') q: '." ~0Nc~,~~ The Appalachian Ptact Education Cl!llttr is a coalition of~Q(;e groups in the southwestern Vlrginin area as wall as a membership orgallizatio11. Tht! coa/i1io11 i11clu1Us Jhe Sou1liwes1 Peace 1'111e /11 \Vise a11d Lu counties. Pellplefor a Just Pt(l(;e in IVytltcvillt:, S1wkms fur Pt(l(;t and Environrrwt1al Concerns 01 Emory and lltnry College, and the Ctn1raJ America Group. Beyond War/Peace Tree RI. 3, Boit 30-E Clntksvillc, GA 30523 ConW:t: JllllCl Schaller The Center for Peace .Re. 11. Boit 369 Scvicrvillo, TN 37862 Central America Resource Group Box 7411 Asheville, NC 28802 Coalition for Justice in Central America Box299 Blacksburg, VA 24063 (703) 951-7953 ConlllCC N:111cy Qcnlhncr, Nik Jones Cumberland Center for Justice and Peace Scwancc, TN 37375 (615) 598-5748 ConUICc John M. Gcssell Ecumenical Project for Int ernational Cooperation 734 w Locus1 Sc. Johnson Ci1y. TN 37C)()J Ecumenical Peacem:ikers Bo~66 Swllllllllll03, NC 28778 Fellowship or Rt'cundli:iliun f'. 0 Bm 2-71 Nyad, NY IO'JC.O A Ieng t1~ peo.I' or ani:u11< n 11 fuel QJ11(Jn11 0tlv acu,1t1u has pr1Jll'ded sll(lport ond drc:ft CG.w IIille ID pc.ople conmkring (MS cr.llor::roly t1on. s .. nunar. 1989 Foundation for Communily EncouragemenL 7616 Gleason Rd. Knoxville, TN 37919 (see article page IOJ J ackson County Peace Network P.O. Box 1872 Sylva. NC 28779 (704) 293-9230 Conmtt Cynlh13. Gnlltngcr A VISION OF PEACE Tht Jackson Coumy Pear:c Nt1work fJCPNJ brings M.ar.e issues into tht Iota/ .1hcools through the Vi.tiofl of Peace Con111s1, a y~arfy e»cnt 1ha1 awards caslr prius for the moJt ~anmp/ul siattmenu on pcllet 1/it1~ by high ~chool 111iJcnu worJUnK in tire. wrmen or visual arts. Tht contest is hi!ld wrth the pu11UJs1on of the Board of Edurm1on ulUJ l 'mc-11 of Ptut"c projtCf.f art uqu1rM rla.u><-ork In some '" ' t:laJJ<'S. Thi! a>nlt.JJ tr a gerttle. rwn-a>n;ront•ulon:il wav 111 tnCO«T<l,Ef. mulaiJS to respQ/1d 10 t/w prewng ls1 .. c oj1hc nut;lcm tlvcut, ,,.hJch t.t a Jiron£ uifl:.u:1m! 011 J"Wll ptoplt"s 1lunJ.mg.ye1 u a sub;cct tluu lS f11r..:elJ taboo 111 tire /;nots or 1n an dulfo ut i.1/hadults In 1987 JC!'N i. f one of11> IDcol orgw: • tans w #"ft e.vt: 1he NC Go.cr11 1 " " rd for Ouuumding \ufunr.. Ser.rec Theuwardwusli-tllte1cd1abtdur1n large nwzsive II) ti.I! su us of w 1 uion of />ca t: Cc.r.11'..si • l'ar Mor.• t 11111! Cynllua G ,/11111;tr Hand$ In Outreach BoxOne Pen!Md, North Carolina. 28765 Hands In Outreach is a Yancey Counry-ba..rcd educational sponsorship progr(llll for "third world" child.rtn Now in iu sixth ~ar, it is "'"ently responsible for the tducatian of 68 indfrldJUJJ cllildren undtr sponsorship and has ht!lped 10 form a rural wo11~n.s· kniJ1i11g ctn/tr which today has frained !Mre than 50 formally illittra/e girls. \Villi a membership of only 140 sponsoi-s. this .rmall and very pusolllll ouirtach has substantially con1ribu1ed not only 10 r,ons1ruc11ng rwo uw schools, bw a/$0 rwo complete school llbraries. Hands In Outreach is l:ome-bostd and is directed by author Don Willcox andfiber artist Louise Todd Cope. The Highlander Cenler ~ RL 3, Box 370 New Markel. TN 37820 {615) 933-3443 Con1ac1: John Gavcnw. R~ Din:clllr Sinu 1932 Tht lllghlandcr Ct!ntcr has s.en'ell us an tducatialllJl umcrfor 1h11 30uiheas1 on issues such as civil rig/Its, labor ISS~S. tllt tnvironllft!ll/, 'll'Ol"Ur saftty and hlalth The Ctnter i.1 noi.•l:o$ling the STP Schools 10 encourage grassroots s1ra1egits 10 counter 1ndu.strial pollution ond programs 10 help communil)' ITU!m~rs understand tht local and global pokier srrw:tures that infl~ue their lives. EMange progranr.r art. being carried on with groups i11 Indio. NicaragUJJ, Sowh Afrit:a, an.d other countries around tht! globe. ·John Gavtnta Ellie Kincade, M.A. (Conffic1 Management) 21 Hillcnd31c Rd. Asheville, NC 2880S (704)1Sl-6St5 "We have so often liMed htroiJm wi1h warfare, bottling, conq~st, and victl)ry. t/taJ a difftrurt notion of huoism, OM that allows us 111 su nurturing and sustaillin1 as ltvoic activiries, is difficult 10 develop. Yet 1his rs whal must ht! doM Wt nud ta vol~ actions Ira "1hu:h one i~nll/its with, raihtr than opposq, another bt!1ng or way ofbl!111g The idea of bottling or fiahlU.g is only one of 1ht: ways of dealing with /tar. Ci!r/llct, alld difftrtncc. Of1en that which we rtjtct and oppose is tht w:ry ~rson or position 1l:a1 w.- 11ted lo 111c/ude in our tn:brau. Acctptance 1s tl:t:' art of making the obstacle tht! pa1h: thtrefore tmbrace tJ~ tncMy. Thi~ 1s lht ltrson of thi! rivu guldt, Fact the dangtr, mow toward 11 ThaJ's where t/r.t: currtn1 u tl:t stro11ges1, and 111<·i// CJJrry ,vou around tht obstaclr. Uu II. Ir: 31k1do, a Jup1mcu numt.il urr , tht tea. hu turn from your auacJ.trs. Move rrght in ~r.u 10 rlielfl, See tliz "'vrfdfro"' their po1111 of M.'Ou/d sm;, '"Blend Ntlltt ltkntih w1tli 11'.e U.l"IJ and llrqnu:lrlJll;for~d. Oppcfl(IUS arcl1i:d), ti"nt :tar; u-.crgy A Upl W lift Tr.at'~ are Mil p:issne. 1ilkcr. fr m ai1:1do./r m l.t11 11 m 11'.e 11wr 1kty Ja~:nd i:n alcnnts.s an on abuuy 1 uspond tlllJ1 u co1 :plrtt Our fir I 11ul Is lo ht Ill' 1 lr:adu OU( (fi.n lives the /st' t r;j ""' "'" sto·icJ Ir. /ac.t w au )' art "'" hi:> on! 10 dJsaJ~tT wla.J: tfJPl tr.;'®1 Women m 11"' W1I~ b CJ.w; Ga!l:md {[rem EJ1k Kinca:dtJ Xotunh Jo .. uw[ pmii: t1 �Peacemakers Peacemakers Peacemakers Peace Room 'V Madison County The World Grune lnstituie Uruvcrsity City Science Cemcr 3508 Market SlrCct Phihdclphia. PA 19104 (215) 387-0220 The Peace Room is structured sa tlllll row dmo and "inretligcnce reports" from all ovu the p/Olltt CD!l bl! collected. proccssl!d and applkd by its rl!starch staff 10 dl!\list crtoti~ stratl!giesfor solving basic human riud problems. The rcstarch is 1htn madt a1'Uilablt 10 world leatkrs and tht general public through rl!SCOfch rqx>rts and cxpu1tntiJJ/ World Game Workslwps. 90 Mill Ctt.ek Rd. M:trshall, NC 28753 (704) 656-2280 Contact: Drew Langsncr Mnrtin Luther King, Jr. Center for Non-violent Social Change 449 Auburn Ave. Atlanta, GA 30312 Plowshare Peace Center Box 1623 Roanoke, VA '24008 (703) 985·0&08 ConlllCl: Pul Prat;ilJ Plowsharl! Peace Center is on education and rts0u.rct cemu on issu.ts relating to social ju.slice, peace, and non·violtnce. Plowshare wa.r ts1ablished by pcoplt of various rtligiDu.s D!ld philosophical persptctivts who sh,art a commi1rmi111 10 nonvioltncc as a way of life. This commitmtnl flows jrom the spiritual Olld ptrU>rral conviction tho/ active lovt is rht only power by which evil is overcome O!ld tlu! only suflicic111 /xJs1s for human society. Blacksburg Adopts a Sister Mountain Light Nelwork RL 1Bo~229 Dillard, GA 30537 (404) 746-2454 COllUICl: M:srinn McCracken "The Mountain Light Netw0rk. is an intuuional/y unsuucwrtd asstmbfagt ofgroups D!ld indi>'iduals i111l:e IYNC and North Gtorgia ana who havt a dup ct>mmitmenJ to 1ndivuiuaJ and global peace ·· New Providence Peace Committee 70'3 W. BroodWQy Maryville, TN 37&01 Contacc Jean Myers North Carolina Educalion Peacemakers Center for Peace 214 Piusboro SL. Chapel HiU, NC 27514 (919} 929-9821 Offering work.shops and courses on education in w 1111Clear age ond confliCJ resaluiion. Northeast Georgia Peace Council Rt. I. Box 319 Baldwin, OA 30511 (404) 778-0579 Com11cc Patsy Gailey sec "Wt short a commitment to a peaceful world We we IJ.lliud in aclcnowltdgmg that Peop~ Evtrywhut Arc Crta1al Equal (PEACE)." Peace Links: Women Against Nuclear War ~~ !:e~~. Blacksburg, Virginia hos become the 78th US corntnJJ!lity to join the US.Nicaragua sistu city program. Tiit link became official on April 11, 1989 l<'licn 1ht Bladcsbu.rg J'own Council decided (in o 4~3 ''Ole) to odop1 San Jose de Bocuy, Nicau.ragu.a as 1rs s1Jttr Cit) Tlit srsru city program btrween the US and Nicaragu.a is an offshoot of Sisur Cities ln1ernatlonal, a program initiated b)' Prts1de111 Eist!llhower ur 1956 to es1ablish greater fricndJlup (Jlld u.ndcrst011durg 1Ntwtt11 the people of the US and other nationJ thl'ough ptrsonal conUJcl ... Mcmbl!Ts of the Si.tttr City Co1t1111111u (SCCJ told the Council 1ha1 they hove vizcd to avoid politici:ing rht issue. But, givim tht current mood of the country, thi.t 1s very difficult to accompltsh. According 10 Rev IVoody Lta1:h. Virginia Tech Pre.sb)'ttriOll minister, fom1er Council member, aJUJ chair of the SCC. "IVhat is intended 1s for one human contlTlu.nity, Blacksburg. 10 a11emp1 10 build bridges offri.:ndJhip and u.nderstonding with D!lOther humon cammu.ni1y, San Jose tk Bocay. It is the hope of 1he Co1M1f1tu thDl the Town Council will be able 10 htlp the town transcend po/11ical differtnccs through this project. It is one way 1ha1 we CDfl say 10 tht children of the town and to 01hu UJwns; We believe thal hurrta11 beings CIUI work 0111 differtnccs when thtir go11crT11M111S COllllOI .• '" Al leas/ two mambers have already visited San Jose tk 8ocoy, and childrtn from Margaret Becks Elementary School in Blacksburg are currently engaged 1n a ptn pal pro;cct with srudt!llJS in Bocay The Commillte haptS these exchanges wll/ ltod ro regular tducational and cultural exchanges bttwun the 1wo conurnuuties~. • by Mariann Caine (tu.trpttdfrom the New River Free Press) ~f~·'~ I• Wf •I NC 28802 (704)684-mo .~ Contacc Jennie Eblen Peace Links is a non·projit, non-partisan orgoniumon commllltd 10 increasing awartncss of and Cl)nctrn aboUJ the issues of world peace and IN 1hrt!a1 of llJIClt!llrwor. Irr Asheville, Peace Links hos1t!d three Soviet In 1985. promottd o "Kids S~alc Thtir Pt!DCt" program in 1he public Schools. and sponsored "Rock 'n Rtgister, • a musical concl!r/ for voltr rl!gistrotion Far "Peace Day 1989." tht group will sponsor 1he childrtn's play "PtfJU Child.· (sup. 15) • )CMit £b{e11 wa~n visitors Peace Links • 3509 Kcstetwood Rd.. Knoxville, TN 37918 - Box 566, Mountain Home. TN 37684 • 235 Hamburg Rd., Bake~ville, NC 28730 • 734 W. Locust St., Johnson Ci1y. TN 37604 Credo of /lie Peaceful Traveler Gr01cfu.1 for the opportu.nily ro travel and to uptritllct the "l>'Orld and be~ ptau begins w11h the indlvr'dual, I a/flmt my personal rtspollSlbiliry and conunitmtlll IO: • journey wilh Oil opui mind and gelllk heart .at:ctpt wilh grace and gr01ilud41he diversity I Coniacc Judy Sheclccl, Hetb W3ltcts Rural Southern Voice for Peace (RSVP) was fou.ndi:d 111 198/ in response 10 a m:ed on /ht part of people w/lo /tit o call 10 worlc for peace and 1us1ict and against raci.rm. bu.J were i.toloted in snwll. and often coflSl!rvarive, rural comm11.1U11u scattartd 1hrougl11Jul IN sowheast. The group ~gan in a cold ba.s11111tnl room with a $4f)/) donation and o oorrowtd zypewmu. It has grown 1n10 a well·known and respected regional peace orga11ila1ion with thru paid staff people, filling an important niJ:h4 in the spct1rum of social change work. in the South and providing hope and insp/raJion to volu.nttcr aciivisrs Md local citizens. RSVP provides o monthly newsleucr 1ha1 amplifies tlit of1err small, and ~t significant, activities that local people are organizing in their own commu.nitics and connects these events within 1/tt context of change that is beginning at the grassroots in the rural Sowlt. In 1984 RSVP began lls Rural Ntrworking a.nd Training Program in which RSVP staff people visittd small 1owns and solllhern cilic;r providing training O/ld suppon for organi:crs. As a result of this program, 12 new group$ have bttn formed and 20 l!Jds1ing groups h11Vt bun rtvitaliud and Strtnl{thtncd. This wori. eumplifits 1ht commi1me111 ro commu.n11y organizing and citizui empowerment tht.u has cl1aracttriud RSVP tinl:e its inception. A recent brtak1hrouglt in neighborhood COmmJJnications is the Ustcning Project idea, which is bwtg dtvl!foped in procriu by I ltrb Walters ofthe RSVP staff. (Sec report on page J) RSVP offers training and conStd101ion for groups who wan/ to initiate Luttning Projects in their area. Peace Advocacy Network 8945 Sh:illowford Drive Knoxville, TN 37923 t/ICOll.ll/Cf • revere and protect the flQ/uroJ tnvironnt(n/ which sustains al/ life • opprcclOl.e all cultures I discover - respect and tllallk nry hosufor their welcome • offer my hand ln/rlendslrip (() tvtryon.e I meet - support rrovtl services 1h.o1 short these views aJUJ act upon 1ht1r1. by my spirit, words and actions • encourage 01htrs to travel tht world ln pttl«. • from The First Global Confcrcnoc on Tourism: A Vi1al Force for Peace (October 27, 1988) x.atl.iah Journat page 12 ~ura.f Sou//, cm Uice fo,. Pea.ct 1901 Hannnh Bmnch Rd. Burnsville, NC 28714 (704) 675-5933 Peace and J ustice Committee 3219 Kingston Pike Knoxville, TN 37919 Peace TreeJCovenant Box82 Snu1ec, GA 30571 Peacemaking Committee Nacoochee PresbylCrian Church Box 87 Sa111ee, GA 30571 S'4mm4lr, 1989 �, Peacemakers ~t:'3s Peacemakers in the Nuclear A . , g e Warren Wilson College Swannanoa, NC 28778 (704) 298-3325 Coniact: Doug Banleu · options in the Nuclear Age l!XistJ 10 ma/cc wt:ll·informed uniw!rsity faculty members available OJ spcakers (free of charge) for well·establisht!d conununlty groups on topics pertaining to national security • the arms race, 11urorism.1111ervenJion, t/te economy. etc. 1'he aim of Options is ({) hrlp p~ople learn the issues and develop .rophistica11'on in analysis of the complu questions uwolved. It is our belief 1ho1 people ore ~st ab/t to ll!orn and arrive at their own conclusion afttr hto.ring a range of opinions on policy choi<:es. The Options program does not take an advocacy role. The program strives 10 provide the comprehLnsrvenns. openMss. and integrity on which any substantive cducatio!IJJ/ exanunation of the iss11ts depends." Pax Christi - Virginia Tech Peacemakers Soviet-American Video Exchange for Children Vagabond Globetrotling: State of lite Ari (S.A. V.E. fotCh.ildtcn) Boll 1838 Cullowbee. NC 28723 (704) 293-9534 Conmcc Howw-d lUll by Mru'Cus Endicou. A book on conscious iouring, tMlilnblc from lhc publisher. S.A.V E wrll coordinate the exchange of student-produced vidto tapes hl'twecn Russian and American schools at tl:t! ;unror high fevel Tilt' principal objective is. of course. 10 foster awareness • awcvencss that Strips awoy tire fear of the unblown. A11 added bonus wjff be the St/f·owarene.ss that comu from ezpfaining one's own situation w others The undulying intMt of tht pro;rer goes beyond fX!OCl!. Peace is o gfrcnfor surviwd's sa/ce, but there ts a more subtle and/ar·rtat:li111g aware11<1ss that may also be engendered: the consc10u.rntss ofs/:ared space, ofshored r(J:.fponsibility for the globof tnvironment, When friendship replaces r1ustrust, 11 is much easier to see that tire health of the planet a/fem us all. • /foward /fi/f Transylvsnians for Peace Box 451 Brevard. NC28712 (704) 884-1633 Con1$t Connie Nash Coniacc Cale O'Hare 20/20 Vision "Encmyof1/1e Week'' "My command!Mnt 10 you is this· love your enemies. Pray for those who persecme )'OU.• Paz Christi has a custom of praying for an "Enemy of the Wetk" at l!acl1 meeting. The custom arises from our desire 10 follow Christ's command to love tvuyoM, evt'n those who oppose us or hate us. A prayer lealkr chooses a person. gtoup. or organization that is in some sense an entnry. The praytr leader explains in what sense that person. or group ls an entmy. and then leads a Sincere prayer for tht wt/I-being of that entmy. • RL I, Box 1037, Sau.tee, GA 30571 (404) 878-3459 Conuicc Joan King • 20/20 NC I I th Congressional Dis1I1c;t P.O. Box 5855, Ashevrllc, NC 28813 The 20f20 Project is a national, grassroots lobbying organ11ation 1ha1 works thro14JJr Ct>ngrtssional districts. Any cilutn can becor1ll! pclitica/fy involved at trucial points i1t rk political syntm by paying S20 per year and taking only 20 minutes per month to wrrre a letter to a Congression11/ reprtst!nralive about a cho~n pofitical issue. Through the 20/ZO Projea people's effortS can be maximiud. and they can become poliucalfy involved with very li11/e t!J!ort · Krtty BoniSkl! 71 Woodbury Rd. Asheville, NC28804 Contact: John Sicvens Enchiridion lntcmation:il Box2589 Cullowhce, NC 28T.l3 Vietnam Vets for Peace 840 Marion Ave. SE Atlanw. GA 30312 War Resisters' League • Southenst ©l W Chapel IUll SL Durham, NC 27701 Wnr Tax Counseling .t15 Kmharine lane Wood:llOCk, GA 30188 (40-l) 928-8"..52 Conl:ICc Robert R:mdall Women's International League ror Pence and Freedom • 28 Queen Rd.; Cruidlcr, NC 287 I5 203 01cy SL Blaclc.sburg, VA (703) 95 I-0032 Peacemaking Task Force of I be Asheville Presbytery Peacemakers Conlllct: Mllry K!ly uutd • RL 5, Box 694; Franklin. NC 28734 ·Rt. I. Box 486; MotglllltOn, GA 30560 Conwc Barbara Newell Earth Quilts/ Regional Project Norma Bradley 296 Monlford Avenue Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 25J· 079 I "Designed from the elements of the Earth and crt.ated within the Earth"."Combinlng the traditional an of quiltmakmg with lqvt of the mountain environment, Norma Brod/ey, arusrlsculptor, assists school groups and others in crealing their own CtJmmw11ty 11ar11t S(u/ptJVt using nntivt materials. Physicians for Social Responsibility • 5 Alpine W:iy, Swnnnnnoa, NC 28778 - Box I 15, Moun.run Home, TN 37684 SANE - Box 11274, Asheville. NC 28804 • 108 N. Blue Ridge Rd .. Black MounlaUI, NC 28711 - 108 Morchc.'ld SL, Morganton. NC 28655 Southern Dharma Retrea t Center RL I, Box 34-H Hot Springs, NC 28743 In Sanskrit, the c/aJsical language of l11dia. dh31'ma is the word for wisdom. /or mtnd tSstnte or 11atural low, It is bl!lit•ed 1/mt greed. hatred, and ignoranc:e (or our 1nab1/ity to su ourst/1-rs a.~ we really are) art states of11Und that hinder the growth of wisdom and undtrstanding, rJnd art the fundamt11tal caures of hultlilfl sulfcrlnlJ It is also believtd thar through 1h.practret of llU!diwtio11, a focu.rtd a11en11011 , tltest states may be dmoNtd und replaced with more politr~'I staks, such as con".passton and /cJndness. Tiit goal ojthe Southern Dlwnr.a Retu Ctn/tr .<11 is 10 pro•ide a ,·01nfortub/t 11<11hmng pluct, rtmo•ed from tht t\·cryd/JJ dwractions of lift, and to crtatt' <Vt atmospliue of quut r(flect1on where one can nurture a stnse of~Iler and wu:o1-er till' 1tmhs w11Jiin 11'.e heart. x.ntuurl Jo ... rnat pa9c 13 1i~ JeconJ anncw/ Peactfest, ~ponsurcd b) PO;( Christi · \'irgiflla 1'ech 011 Su.n.;fuy April 16, 1989, il!lr.ia,,d hwulrtds OJ srwknt.t and /o<al r~.1idr111110 a brr.rfit conurt cdtbraJrnf /J('a <'. • photn by MariJnn Ca111<'. COW1C$)' of the .Vt" Rrvtr fru Press �'.PEACE CWLLD 0 ne of the most familiar peace quotes IS Gandhi's "If we wish to create a lasting peace.~. we w1U have t0 begin with the children." This autumn, the children of the Asheville, NC community will share !heir own vi~ions for aunining world peace in the mus1caJ fanwy.Peact Cliild. The Ptacr Clrild play taltes place m the ycur 2025, when the world is already at peace. I! uses the device of a s1ory1cllcr to cxpl:un how children helped bring peace 10 the world. The script and music ha"e incredible power as the children unfold their wisdom on life, wur, and peace. This play which has been produced iniemmion.11ly since 1981 and is unique in that the author invites t.ach producer 10 rewrite the ~ript to lit the community. the ume, and especially the cast of children of their particular selling. The members of the cast arc involved m dlscu.~sions on peacemaking throughout all rehearsals and ate given the chance to have their own ideas put into the script. The priority is 10 involve community children in the Peace C/rild process, so that •the central experience or Peace Cliild comes when the children performing 11 feel that they themselves are the pc3CC children of the story." The Peace Child Foundation administers all the Ptact Child activities. They supply communities with a Study Gujdc and necessary production support as well as coordinate national and intern:11ional tours. Peace Child was the first production to use the •space Bridge" program, a satelliic link between the US and USSR. Jn 1985 Peace Child toured the world with a special Soviet-American Ptact Child tour in 1986. For mo.re information,conuicc Peace Child Foundation 39n Chain Bridge Road Fairfax, Virginia 22030 (704) 3854494 The Peace Links' producL is scheduled for ion September 30, October 1 (Pence Links' "Pence Dny. 1989") as well as performances for schools. If anyone is interested in volunteering, in buying advertising in the production's program, or in general information, please call Jennie Eblen at (704) 684·5530. Ethnic Survival The Frie11dsllip Quill ~rh.: frimdship qwlt is n tradition in this COU/llry that camt witll 1/u: peopl~ wlio Stllll!d l11ut/rom 01hu plaC Wt wonted 1 find d luimef or our friendship qui.ft t!S. 0 in the Sovw Uman in a place somewhat 11/te our own lrome It 1/V.lkl!s Tnl! glad 10 1hinfc af 1/rL long journey that our quilt offriendship has had and thaJ 11 hasfound you The quilt has marry/11n11y and sad and 1111eru1ing stories. The pa11trn aroUlld 1J:e edges is a traditional oM ca/ltd 'Flying Gttse'. 1'hey artflying around /ht world ro brillg us 1oge1htr 111 growing UJ;l}erstanding so that we con becomt/ri11nds/rom our distant places In this way we can bring peace to our lands, our children, ourfriends, and ourselvt:s... In tht corntrs ofIlle bordl!rs where tht gttst ort flying art tht phases of the moo11. May sht help us to renwmber 1 change wil/mgly and gracefully, to become 0 wll/ll is ntctssary to bring our /ropes and visiollSfor ptoCt to lift.We /rope 1his quilt of/ritmdship has brought f rom us to you the living thoughts and patltml /ropes with which it was made. Thalllc you/or receiv111g it and giving it a lromt 1n your llvt:s. ·from The Book of Quiltmnkers H Thmy women and mui wlro are members and friends o/ tht Ctlo Commu11i1y in 1he South Tot River Valley crtartd 1ht quilt. ft now li\•es in a school in Klrosta by the Black Sta. For mort lnforma1ion. con1ac1 Kori Loy Wildrclcindt; Box 340. Rt. 5: Bur/IS\lille. NC 28714. Ribbon Around the Earth crc:ue, on pieces or fabric, images or personal meaning In 1985, thous:inds of people gathered in Wash1ng1on, D.C. to lie a RIBBON AROUND THE PENTAGON on the 40th anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima tllld Nagasaki. The Ribbon was compost<! of 27,000 pJCCC:> of fabric on which people from every iiate and many nauons had placed symbols of "what 1hey could not think of to be lost forevct" in 1he event of a nuclear Wllt. S1te1Ching 15 milcs-3/ound the Pentagon. on to the Whiie House and around the Capitol, the Ribbon bcc:unc a gentfo remmdet th:u the earth and all 11.s peoples are vulnerable in this nuclear age. Since lhc 1985 event. the Ribbon panels have become pan of local events and have traveled worldwi~ 10 be in major displays. "Making ribbons" has Dc:en adapted as a peacemaking acuviLy in such places ;u Sri Lanka, Israel. and South Africa to addresS conOict.s m lhcsc regions. Today there is a new mission--10 tie a Ribbon Around The .Earth in 1992. Conunuing in our cffon.' of ~lf.Cll{lrc~sion , we "ill expand our original vision to representing our concern not ju~t for nuclcar war but other pressing global issues mcluding hunger, poveny, human righlS, and the environment. lmagme an abuncL1nce of colorful ribbons in simultaneous displays around the world m nauons' cap1Ulls. across borders, 1n political hotspots, and m ~crt.d pl;ice~ You can begin your own scgmenl showing what you cannot think of as lost forever. A p;inel of sturdy cloth, of any color, finished size l8"x36". including a 2· top:.11tchcd bordct. Embro1Jery, appliquc. bauL., quilting. knitung, needlepoin t. weaving. paanung. c1c. ~y be u'itd. Finished scgmcn~ should h:ivc 9" ues or bias wpc sewn mto each comer so they may be ucd together C3$ily. On the bad; a piece of "pcllon" mterfoc1ng coultl be used to write in pen, matkCI"S, or Lyping 11bou1 you and your Ribbon SC&Jllent JCcituah Jou1 nu( p«IJC 14 Ribbon Around the £:.anh iti 1992 8SS tv'. ltjfrrso11 St. M lingron. VA 22205 Elnh bas approxim:uely 5000 ethnolinguistic groups...and only 159 UN members. M oM of these nations' boundaries were cn:ated nnd are m:tlnt:i.ined at gunpoint Mo~t of the world's wars are civil ww-s being waged by ethnic groups fighting for their cultures' sur.ivitl against hostile nation states. The prOQ:sS of colonization has left Africa. Asia and pans of Latin America in nearly arbiir.uy political pieces. War is bOLh the cause and I.he result of this siluation. How can we revolve our Planet into a place tha1 honors and fosters diversity? Educating ourselves about the problem is a good pince to sl:lrt. We need 10 put pressure on our eleci<!d representatives to end our military nid to nations which use these weapons to abuse their ethnic minorities who rightfully desire their independence. We can bring our vision of One Planet peacefully shared by many peoples into a world m:1de more and more receptive to such ideas by the realization of the magnitude of our common problems and the absolute necessity of our cooperation for survival. We are in need of a second wave of decolonization. The first wave saw the breakup only of the European global empires. The second wave will see the breakup of the smaller empires which they left behind. There will be no real peace here until we see our planet as a whole and end our wasteful and violent defense of artificial boundruies. The Eanh's healing Chris1s is the ecological disaster we are fast waking up to. We will have to cooperate to survive. We are one pl:l.Det. and this simple fact is n million times more imponant than any demarcations we have theorized and armjed into being. The age of nations is ending and a new age beginning. What good is a Kalishnnkov against I.he pollution of the Oceans, what good are jet fighters against the greenhouse effect. We will cooperate or we will cease to operateentin:lyl It is stone cold obvious thm the way out of this mess is by learning 10 look at this world as a unity instead of as meaningless political frogmenLS and in pooling our resowces and intelligence instead of using them to confound each other. We will survive by becoming more reasonable, and become more reasonable ns we survive. The Earth is becoming one community. We are building a true planetary culture. This does not mean an end to our ethnic differences, rather we are building a community of communities, n culture of cultures in which we will provide each other wilh a safe pince to prosper. The EmplTCS have had a vested in1erest in etimimuing differences but the emerging Earth community will have an interest in protecting cultuml diversity as a valuable asset. ,, -Will Ashe Baso11 Suggcstbi Res<iurcc: Cultural Sur~iviJJ Ml.ig:11jnc. 11 D1vin11y Avenue Cambridge. Ma:. ~huscts 02138 �In 1984 rhe glasnosr ("openness") policy was as yet unheard of in the Sovic1 Union. But during that year people from !he small mountain town of Black Moun1ain on lhe Swannanoa River in Buncombe County, Nonh Carolina sent a lecter to another small town, the Sculemenr of Krasnaya Polyana in the Caucasus Moun tams of Black Mountain residems made the first Russia, suggesting the two townships open exchange visit to Russia. They were wannly relationships wilh each other to promote peace received and returned with gifts and good and goodwill between their two nations. wishes for the people of lllack Mountain from Miriam Willey of Black Mountain said, the people of Krasnaya Polyana. Two more "We stancd the Pairing Project because we saw Black Mountain residenLS journeyed to the that the nuclear arms race depended on our fear Soviet Union in June of 1987. They returned of the Sovie1 Union, which was inflamed in the with a large :,;Iver samovar and four originul e:irly Reagan years to support the military pain1ings as gifts for the town. build-up in 1his country. We thought 1hat the Then in December of 1987, while Reagan only way 10 end 1he anns race was 10 get to the and Gorbachev were holding meeungs in rooi of that fear, so we began to develop direct Washington, DC, Chairman Kulii and Elena coninct with the Russian people. And it has Filonova, a school-teacher, visired Black proved successful." Mountain for five days. The meetings were The letter from Black Moun1ain to warm and cordial nod the people of Black Krasnaya Polyana was one of 1,000 sem from Mountain had no doubts th:u Chamnan Kuli1 American cities to countcrpnn cities in the Soviet was most sincere in his "wi,;hes that the Union under the auspices of the Ground Zero American and Sovier people would collaboro1e organization. Black Mountain wac; fortunate in in friendship." being one of 65 towns which received a reply "His deep dedication 10 peace mruches our from the Soviet Union. The response was an own, and we see this relationship continuing to enthusiastic leuerfrom Valentin Kulii, Chauman flower in furure yeurs," in the word.~ of Miriam of the Executive Commiuee of the Soviet of Willey. Krnsn:iya Polyana, which is comparable 10 the During the visit Chairman Kulii was position of mayor. The relationship between the presented wilh a mou111ain dulcimer and a peace two towns was officially initiated in November quilt as gifts for the people of his town. Plt1ns of 1985 through a letter 10 Chaimmn Kulii that was signed by tJ1e Mayor, the Board of Aldemien, and 100 residents I of Black Mountain. "When Reagan :md Gorbachev were holding their fin.1 summit meeting in Geneva in 1985, we fell that we were recapitul:uing :tt the grassroots wha1 was happening there at the national level," said Miriwn Willey. More than 50 Black Mountain residents began the work of exchange by preparing a packet contajni_ng photographs and a 22-pagc descnpuon of their town, leuer.; from high school slUdents, and a copy of the local newspaper to send 10 their Russian sister city. Throughout 1985-86 the Black Mountain group held educational lectures on the life and culture of the Soviet Union, sponsored a film festival of Soviet films. and celebrated the 1,000th anniversary of the Russi.an l'ltcto, top: Am~ricuflJ (left It> flghl) l'otly Cod.v, D1t111t! and Claudell(! Orthodox Church with a community Iii/I :.hare u ml!JJJ witli R11.u1(1fl/nr.r.d.r 1n Kra.1na)'a fo/yana worship service. In 1986 a group of 16 Above W/llu Wt:olh(tford, prts1dtnt of thl' Blad:. /lfoun1a111 l'umng l'rojcct, (/ef/J muu Chairman \'altlllm Klllii of Kru.~naya 1'11/yana. were also made to co-sponsor a sisrer cities friendship calendar, featuring photographs of Black Mountain and Karasnay:i Polyana and notations of both Soviet and American holidays. A 1989 Sister Town Calendar was produced, and I, 150 copies were sold in this country. The $3, 150 raised will be used to sponsor future exchange delegations. A 1990 calendar is planned, to be produced by the people of Kmsnayu Polyana in the USSR. ln September of 1988 n delegauon of visitors from Black \fountain visited Kmsnaya Polyana for 1hree days. This was the first time foreigners had been allowed 10 siay overnight in the town, as there arc no lntourist hotels there. Instead they shan:d facilities used for vacationing military people and found thcm.o;elvcs around a night bonfire with members of I.he Soviet Defense Department and their families. There are plans for more el(ch:ingc delegations between Black Mouniain and Krusnayil Poly:ina. Yuri Filonov, a te.1cher of Englhh and German. will teach at Warren Wilson College in rhe neighboring town of Swannanoa this summ..:r. More lcctun:s and educational progr.ims have been held 111 the Black Mountain Libr:iry. High SC'hool and middle school :.tudc;n~ in Black Mountain are now <."Om:sponding "'ith their counterparu in Krasnay:i Polyana, building relationships that will extend into I.he nel(t generation. Ag:tin, Mmam Willc:y spe.1h for the J>t!Oplt: of Black Mounlllin: ~we feel we have overcome the enemy image. We no"' have a totally different conception of the Russian pe~1ple 1h:1n we did before we Marted the project. We didn't reali7.e "'c'd have so much fun, and we couldn't h3ve received a bener reception from I.hem "The Pairing Project 1s our statement th:11 we Jive in :in inu:rdependcnt world, :ind \\C can't have enemies in a nuclear age. There's 100 much at si.:1kc. "lt's slow, bur n's very exciting, because it's working." ~ Da>1dWIW'tla Summer, 1989 �• • ''lalua." "H1nm?" "Do you know why I brought ;yo1t lzere?" "Mm-ll!Ylm. Same reason as alwa. s: you have some big, bad y 1iews to 1ell me." "Yeah ... Well, db )'OU know what it is, then?" "I think so. You've been drq/1ed. haven't you?" "... How'd you know?" "Easy. Logic. We J1ave11't liad a fight, a11d you've not met any girls •.J dbri't tlti11k-·so it couldn'1 have been w say that you want to break up. Your family never figlus, so it couldn't be domestic problems. And you just got your job, so I didn't really t/1ink you could have lost it already Anyway, you're nineteen, and there's a war. \Vluu else could there be?" "I see. All riglr1. Madan/I! Fortune-Teller, so whm had I planned to say next, if you're so smart?" "Mmmm .. I don't know. What?" "Just this. Laura: I'm going. I'm really going. Arid, l.Altra ... I want you to know. . it's/or you that I'm going. J'd hare myself ifI didn't go, if I backed out, if I leJ (/()w11 my f<Jmily and my courury--..as I very easily could, you know. J'm scared of dying. Bur because ofyou, I ca11't risk hating myself. God! I.Aura, I'm going to war!'' • * sining ml)bile in rhe quiet night hush, rich leaves rustling ow beyo11d our embrace to caJch the wind-1his is love a liglu glows from 1/ie parlor. so/1 frosted glass with the vague shadow ofa pail11ed rose mu1ed 011 tlie lilce curtain no one sees kiss me quickly this is love the lwing chains have ceased squeaking. a faraway distant train swells ils terrible /Ul111U)ny--tlie sadness of le(IVing brings us yet closer w each other, an excuse, like 1he non-existent chill ofperfiuned sow/tern June 11igh1 to draw a tender breaJh as one··· a11d we'll do a.u:tthingfor each oilier? • f shl)u/d have see11 tlte missiles. the bombs. the um:rdesola1e co11/1tSion when i looked into those eyes ofyours. bw i only saw the stars. • • • (Jrruneas11rable) --Do you care? (Doi) --Can you see? (Wiry (/() I brood) ·-Anytlli11g wonhwlule? (About the world's injZLrtices) Child Why Q1'eslion Healthy Respect Fot: Metaphysics, Papa Bui Do You Love Me? Son Were/ In A BcUll)•sphere Wi1/i Bebe • Circu.Jaring In The Vomit Of Armageddon Yes /Do • * i was watching my feet, wa1clii11g the light pass over them an su11day: the leaves like cookie-cutters split a11d nfracted the light illlo animal images on the sidewalk aJid on my shoes. the day was calm, perfectly. to fall u1 love. i /liNer imended i should have seen tlie ripples in tire s1uuigli1- bur 110 alas (a lass!) i, afool, glancing up from 1n)•feet, tripped over yow sJw(/()w into the glorious pools of your eyes, wo swift to hear your liglu "helloH or t'Ven to liear my ow11 splash. i came gasping to the surf as soon as ace l could--dripping, rivuletS coursing dbwn my back-bw yow smile sunned me automatically dry. • • • • •• •.• yes. but are you cluvalroLtS? Do you not recognize your duty to your Lord God and ro llis ~oyal Jligh11£Ss your appointed Mas1err "Yes, yes. yes; pleose stop it, Chloe, I want to sleep. dear" A pause. "Gaah--wai11, do yo11 /01·e mt!? I don 'r think su. realfr. Gawain, tllere ts a war ou1side our "indow. A war. Ga\\YJin, t/,.) yo111Uldcrsta11d what I say? Ga11ai11. Please, Gawain, go fight Jn U! You're fW1 gelling too old, are you. dl:ar heanr "Chloe. Chloe. Chloe, Cltloe, do I lia~e to suffer to make you huppy? Jlave you no faith 111 me? Ridiculous woman-gojeed your peacocks!" • --How much? Wlsen 1 look irr your eyes, i seem)' own reflection. • • • * • • oops. the shell ofthe earth, it's a li11le cracked, spi1mi11g, flingi11g hurtling, off-bala11ce-.,get the/at kid off our ml!fT)"go ·ro1u1d A1id ill Chicago, at 2:00, the s1111 setS i11 six mimttes and ti~ buildillgs break aftto reveal a sub1trb neighborhood benvixt gre1mspring hills Time lriccough.s -my black-eyed susan, you are. my sun, my soul. m.y self-·· (tire plw1ie rings.) 111/ien i look into your eyes (the phone rings.) when i look--". . a singing telegram/mm a mr. martin 1111/ier kiflg,jr. will .\'Oil acceprtlte cluuges?" wiry- "we shall 01/er come, we shaDover come, we shall over come .•• ~ four niliety-five p/1~ tax. i love you. susan! romeo and juliet lli!Ver intended JhiI.. i had a dream once, too, in teclmicolor. The transient w1frerst• swells and re1·olves. Stars wing by, rlie Rock of 118tS and splrere 11msic •.• hear ii."~ sliall! overcome. • • • UNICEF is selling cl:ancc:s r/us Christmas 011 o clwi,i:: one peace or a milliM pieas. A wlwppcr ofan honor. Bl4t ir's lb(> bad. Thi") 're Mt making any mu11ey offit .• aml the W1t1e11burghers a1 I! making a mint peddlfng pardnns, �• • * they are fighting for love. * well, my first dJlly is as citize11 of the universe. but what I wanr to k11ow is, why i'm me and not you ... have i got a special mission or something? it's weird to think that i'm alt there is. what if i'm11tst imagi11iflg the whole thi11g? rw. i dbn't really believe lhaI.. bm, you know, i could think: "i'm the whole u11iverse.'' and chen, i'd be a citizen of myself. • • it's because he's a truck driver. momma. you know that. the only tiling i11 che world that could part /Um from that eighteen-wheeled swee'/iean of his is Iris draft card. if uncle sam yells for him. he's there, one mad rush to the from line where he .na11ds,for all the world like a devoted sclwolkid saying 1/ie pledge: perjealy composed/ace, heels together, hand to forehead in salute. i ca11 just see Jtim. but if i_calt him. 111>w, if it's ll.llt that's yelf/11g for him to come save one of his own babies from drowning in t/11! plastic swimming pool, he says, "you get him out casey, i'm working 011 the tra11smission." the transmission! my God! momma, iin tl()t really bitter oranythi11g; i'm 1w1 lotally jealous of1ha1 gas-guzzling baby ofhis; ; jus1 /01·e him, tnQnuna ••• • • • • They really love me. They 0011'1 wa11t me to die. U11cle Sam j11S1 don't carry no weight with me. I c011'11uulersrand why tltis di.s1an1 relatio11, unknow11 kin, who I never seen before, should all a s1"1de1t turn up, just when he needs me, and ask me to up and die for him. When I got family andfrle11ds who loves me more1n him, who cares about bein' gold-placed in God-thick glory? Thb Uncle Sam ofmine is askin' 100 nwch. Besides, I love my cou.mry. She don't need any more murder on her record than she's already got. • • • ~mommv!" "ah,j11si a minwe. gail.--wlzat jimmy?" "mommy • ·)-est' "mommy, wlw ls Godr "God is love, jimmy. don't pull on monuny's skirt-·! mommy's on the telepho11e: let's not talk to mommy now, okay, jinuny? we ca11 talk about this later.-excuse me gait go ahead." "mommy, where is God?" "i11 htave11,ji1runy. now go play ouwde 011 your big wheel for a while." "mommy; how come God does11't come to the world a11d give people hugs sometimes, mommy?" "oh, gall! your kidding me. no! i k11ow you can't just suy that in a resraura11t.---i don't k11ow,1inu11y. jimmy! look at mommy wizen she's talking ro you now, i asked )'OU to go nwside, didn't i, young man?" • • • God is Love, love is God, God is love •. . • • • the h11ge11ess of the earth smothers them they are caug/11 ben11ee11 the growul and the infini1e ozone-bl~ b1a their love is deep and great mul hean-crescenooing. they are fighting and loving blindly, passionately (ca11 you see it?) look imo their love-shot eyes. just look • * • wlllll js tlie worrh of this love? they dje like • • • mes • • romeo and ju/fez never imended JhiI, i should have k11ow11 when i went to ba11le for you, dear, i should ltave k11own, • • * standing 11p in too-shon sluule eyes sweatiflg salt--the sky U>O blazing clean w cry • Yet oo they k1ww how whar when where why they go? screaming, Jitavillg blood to rouge the barre11 dust, • • so. shall i die for you, the11? shall i die for you? and kill a thousand because i love and serve one? one God, one Belief, one Way, one Cou111ry, one Mother, 011e Child, one Man. one Woman, One anw11g miflio11s? given time. i could team ro love them all. • • • i should have known, swinuning up from 1Jwse pools that how easily I could h/1\le drowned there. had you are your eyes, asked me 10 pick up a sword. a dagger, a bayonet, a machine guri, a bomb a11d prove my love co you·-· well. i should liave k11own, as you knew. didn't you, a/Id wisely showed me that somebody's blood could prove nobody's devotion and thlll w lo\·e t)fll! is to love all. is11't that what you mea111? looking into your eyes. i see tlU! reflection of the universe, don't i? oon't i? * • • one more time/or the time, J;e steps inside the frame, Md out again. and looks back ar d~ impressio11 he has left-· see tire image ofa yowig soldier , young sol· , young my mother lived i11 hiroslrirM. • • )'Oil· • • rlu.• men, the lleros. the womcm. die cowards, thtt cowbays, tiil' soldiers, a11d the priesL\, the rabbis, a11d the martyrs, the be11ei;oh111 dictarors, till! politicians, and sumebody'l dog and the childro1! Photo by Rob Mc5Sltk �Reflections On Growing Peace in Cultures by Mamie Muller The universe irself can be turbulent, tumultuous...so whatever peace is, it needs 10 acknowledge that dimension of re:ility. Binh and death and dying...:md composting..and change exist in the universe...so that, too. needs t0 be included in an imaging of peace. Female and male exist in cite uaiverse...other spt'cics exisr...the eanh itSelf wanants our anention...so peace, if it is possible. needs co acknowledge and honor all those relations. And dreams ...cx.ist in this universe ...and memory...and our interior psychcs ....nnd love...aml absence of love....Can peace ace-0mmodate the ranges of all th:it? When I stretch r.he boundaries of my mind and hean and each time- say "that, 100"...somehow peace stnys with me, and so I wonder as to ir.s nature and origin. As l d.:lve into my concep1/h1ngu:ige reservoir, the closest thing tlr.n l can say peace is---is "to be intcgro.1 with". Being integral with someone, something, some element... means that in some way I participate in a .rlwred existence witl1 I.hem and appreciation of that shared existence contains in it, for me, I.he possibility of shared pence. For peace, though, to be more than just a personal experience or an event between two entities, ii is essential 10 look to 1hc scale of the sodoc11lmral. h is here that our human stories unfold. Culture, 1 r.hink, is best thought of in its most hteral. biological scn~--as a medium in winch to grow something. such :lS bacteria. It seems that th<: tendency towards culture is i11here111 in our very make-up. I !ere we are...a spccies...h:wing grown in communily-fonns for hundreds of thousands of year.. That occurencc: was preceded by an even more ancient fom1ing or single-celled organisms imo mulu-cellcd ones. We seem to be truly crcnturcs of culture. Thomas Berry talks nbout trc111sge11etic mlwral coding, The passing on of "deep mformation" is an essential aspect of the function of any culture. Divcr.>ity among cultures can Ix: ~tounding---language, foods, color.;, designs. sounds, songs. in~trumc:ms, dances. ceremony, ::m:hitecture--but the: fl'arufcrc11ci: of i11fomw1icm---is a comrm)n tr3it Does, as Thom;1s suggesl'i, our cultural coding pasi. on infonn:11ion ...i11 as clt:111c111al a 11ay a.r c/1ro11u15omes do? Doe~ our consciousness have no active part to play in the process of evolution?'! Cm we in fac1 nunun: or crarl imentional cultures that cnfumcc our panicip:nion in the planct:iry prt>Cess? Thomas speaks or the universe as having a psychic dimension...from ib very inception. Not an ntlditivc nor an extra ingredient, it is rather. he insi~ts. an elcmcmal facet of our phy:.i..:al universe. So lei us say th:u the universe, from the beginning, ha:. been psychic 10 itself--through itself. Then, the question becomes: can hununs pltticipatc in this elemental dimension? Can human culture:; consciously allow for the recognition, utilization, and celebration of this full rcnlity?'! It is at this level that we begin im1uiring about thC' possibil11ies of peace. The univer:;e constJnt!y infonns itself. Can we luunm~t be 1nfo1111Cd? h :.cem) that one of the roles of an organic functional culture is to enhance 1hc indi\ id11als' ability t~) he.-u· rhc "infonn.11ion" of the univc.rse. Our relations amongst ourselves nre intimately interwoven in U1c fabric of the universe. Unless we explore and 11ckno~ledgc !he univcri-e in a// the dimensions in which 11 is preseming itself to us, we remain isolated and enelol>ed.. .in~'ap~blc of the exuberance required for ongoing "re!Juonship"...of any son, whether human-co-human or human-to-earth. Western culture's dcufness and myopia tO\\,ird~ thi:. "inlorm;uion" scern 10 h.we occum:J b<!cause of it:. limited recognition of the depth of 1he naturul world*.dcscribing 11 as nll!re landscape and inanimate treasure uove. The pos:.ibilily for communicauon... much less for communion has thus become practically impos:.ible. Yet ironically 1t is here whc~ a great deal of cultural healing mus1 take placc....1n the re:i..lm of hum:1n-eunh relations. Our p:;yches need t0 reconnect in a one-to-one correspondence with these deep psychic inl1uences of the universe and renew a sense of bondedness with the n:uuml world. The infomu1tlon or the universe reveals ltself 111 many \\ ay~ ... but ont of the sirnple)t, closest ways 1s to listen to one's homcplac.e--to 1hc c:nurc ecological life community in whi~h onc·s human community b immersed. "Bcmg integrJl with .. suggests 1hc need to pcrcdve a sense of the natural scale 01 things so that we can more appr<1priatcly and fully be able "to be integrJI w11h" all the varied levels. In 1enns or ecological sc.1lc, it seems that human culture can bci.t relate to the natur.tl world ar. the lc\'el of the regional scale. Going beyond the neighborhood or covc.. beyon<l the li:>cal ...one comes to the n:gionnl. It is here: lhnt Summ1:r, 1989 �one can notice whole ecosystems at v.ork (or :11 play). Watershed, geolo~ic:il form:mon, similarity in plant nnd unirnal spccles...all these 11.rC best comprehended nt the rcglon:tl level...\\ hich h3s us distincl though "soft" n:itur:tl boundaries. A region is wulknble, know:ible -.nnd in crnfting hulll:l11S)Stems10 interface \\ith the ecological systems, this as the sc:ile nt \\ hich 11 ts ntikcs the most sense 10 ..be integr:ll v. ith". Encouraging nccurntc, full pcrccpuon of reality is cntical in developing cuhural model111g ~ystems that will funcuon ru.lcqu:ucly. 11lc m:irk of a :.tiflmg culture, 11 seems, is one in whicl1 the range of sh:ued perceptions of reality remains quite restricted; one in which, for exnmplc, the many ranges of red arc referred to only as "red", thus ignoring the myriad hues of thlll family of color. A restrictive culture relegates drcamtime to the realm of the subordinate and gmnts nonexistence to ull bUl n mengcr spectrum of sounds and senses. An nlivc. functioning organic culture. on the other hand, nurtures individuals' facuhies of perception and encourages their scn~c of rootedness in a shared realiry--both in terms of the human :ind natural \\Odd. EncoUt3ging the development of :iccurate feedback mcch:inisms within I.he infrastruclurc of a culture is also essential. lf a culture does not 3llow for appropriate fcedb3ck, then 11 W:k of internal vibrancy occurs...promoting fossilization of thought P,:tttcms. activi1y, and environs. Spedfie nurufestations of culture such as archuecture, roodbuilding, commerce, food producuon, communications, b:lnking. govern~ e1c. become highly rigid and unduly reinforce the status quo. How can a culture allow for a sense of fluidity as well as solidi1y? llow C3l1 we come iogether in community-forms without domesticating ourselvei; to death .•.ns \\ell ns the planet? How c;in we, not just individually but in a socio-cultural sense, a~·knowledge the whole, rich, diverse range of the dep1hs of the naturJI world as well :is the human psyche? It seems the more in 1ouch we arc with our sense of bondedness to 1he wider Lifo conununity. the more access we have to resolving thc:.e questions. Exchange between humans onJ the nalural world t.ak~ pince nt evcrv level whether we acknowledge it or not. Our fuc:uhing in 1111d our breathing out ••. our intake of food nnd our rele:isc of wnstcs as \\ell ~ mnny other fimctions clc:irly icll us 1h:l1 we live In the pl:mct not on it and we arc a part ofthe dynnrruc process nOl apan from it. I low c:in we nurture the growth of cultures \\hose infrasuucturc designs acknowledge this in1mute ongoing exchange? Cultures usu:illy reflect 11 com:munny's sense of its human hentnge but u is esscnu:d thni they rcllcc1 a sense ofthctr ecological hcniage :is well. 11115 mtim: ey of hum:in CXISlCllCC Wlth lhc n:itUr.J.I world needs 10 be recognized not JUSt on the biolog1cal, chemical level bu1 on the psychic/l>pirltunl level us well Our very sense of personal nnd cultural idemi1y needs to incorpom1e 1he ccolog1cal l111ncnsion. Only \\hen we begin to undcr&iand and l'ncour.igc these "conditions" fur pcncc...cun we come closer to growin~ pe11cl! 111 c11lturcs... Summer, 1969 Some concepts to consider for growing peace in cultures... res~ct for dhe~ty ~UllC:llOO of SJ!CCICS llS w..11 a:s e.uemun:uJOa of ethiue peoples has become :i StVCtC thrc:u throughout lhc pl;inct. ID add1uon to etbic:al constderau~. bomoccnuy and d1m1msh~nt ol m:uufcsuuaos o( hfe llIC 21so blologlc:ally un,.1se. 1be lolth lllld ~bihty of rmy sy m wh.:tha hum;in Of ccologd. rest m a gcnumc rcsp:c1 lllld cclclKatmn or bhluc as u.ell cultural diverS1ty beyond dominanrr Mmy culturtS lll\e become c:nucn:bcd m:i • domiruon °'er" JWod J:m 11.' u C'.'ld.."ll:cd m term, of gender, rllCC. ctlum: hcn1Jgc, species lllld/Of cge. This dom1n1on pi)Sturc c::iuscs ph)'MC:&I, psychologlc:ll, sp1.ntu~1. cc-011omic: lllld cnvaronmcntnl ~ufflX':lllOO, A mocc babncc:ll. cqu1ubli: dyn:umC' mo.tel a n:qu1n:J 1n which mu1uality is 1hc b:is1~ r~1hcr than fol\'e Of co.:rccmcnL tuvp,rntion No longer does rul\lieJ 111d1v1du:ihsm or Da.rw11w111 compc11t1on pro-.Jc tm ulllm:UC mo.let fOI' suN1val. Cooper:.11on 1111d symbio11~ nrc now being recognized as csttr4i:il nspccts or our biologknl hcntasc. Coopc:3lion. CQ-C1.1si.cncc. and conlUcMcsoluuon need w be 01 the bc3r1 or :a "'br.uu culture. Vclucs iUCh u cmp:ithy and imporuncc ol ie:im"ork !so need w be rccbimcd. 11ppropri:ue 'cale Dimensions or sale occur l!uougbout lbe Jl:l1.Ur.ll 11.-orld Crom die microscopic to die lllXtOSIX>pic. Sak ~ :also 1111pon;u11 in terms ol hummJ 11ttavity. In f:ict. ii is an csscnlbl dcmcnt tn dcsl,nmg for qu:il1l)' ol we-.11;hc1bc.r an tmns or technology. c:cooomks, archi1cc1urc Of 1111y odlct l1lU Emplmlzing appropri.ale sc::ilc CDCOU1'3btl the shlfl rrom D bi&flly c:crunhzcd and bicrnrcluail mode IO one lh3.t IUPJIOIU clivcrsificntioo mid dccenlr.l.liution It also nud,cs us to rc-cv:Wi:uc the b:lsic :ugumcms ol ccntr.1h1.:111on such o~ ns110113l sccuri1y, cconom1e &t:ibahty tluoush coloni:llism, homogcncny anJ eullur:il supcr10111y. We begin to recognize the l!eW to oplorc hum:in 'c:ilc, \•illage·JJ:llk 1llld rcgion·sc:ile modcls. ao••crnancc All mhnb11:rn1~ <>f M communny h:ive nghL~ 11m.J nrc cnu1lc<l 1<1 panlc1p:11c 1n appropriule dccision·making lh31 concerns their \HI! lleint Governance. in particular, is directly uffctlCJ by sct1lc. We arc n:llcctcd by nruJ reflect our $WTOumhntt. II lhc boundario:.s 11re defined 1n IOO large 11 l!Qlc, 1hcn It Is d1ffirult for 1nh:lbi1.'.lll1S to ~nsc: thr.mselvo n.s a p:ut of and p:uucip:uang an 11 self.governing process lktcrnlm~ ~ scale: the level 111 v. h1ch dce1S10nS shooW be rn:Uk (commumty-lmcd. rcgton:ll), and the type ol pnxcss to be ~ {m:ipuy rule. conSCISLIS. etc:..) 11rc all pan of a culture's re trcttunng towtirds sclf-go~ = opportunlly for rlgbr lhelaaood All uihab UlnU entitled to the oppanumty for i«Unng food, $hella. jCqXl1diung thclt owa 11;'Cll being. clothing. et:. "''llioul ol thl:ir fellow mhab1lllllH Or that or l~ en• arorunem. Ernplmis oa co:nmun11y ~ cconomu::s c:m c:tlCQ<lilll!C this kind ol rcspocmblc dcsJin and ~lsion-nul:u...- Dc\'CloplRgllll CCOllOm) \tr4 I gJIJUS 1u dependence on the "anh cc<momy" allows fur pcn:cptlOll or rc:al cOStS. 11Us llllJUSU llJC l<b of progrc.u and dc•clcprmnl to encompass •be 11;cll being nr lhc CIUICC Life rommunuy. lhlll 1uillllnability The ccologial life 5)5tcms vmhill a region lltC p31t of lh: 11.-t:ict sclf·susuitihlg pbncWy system It as auc1Jl th:u ow hum:m sysums begm to rcf1a:t and support tbiJ sitstmmb•luy principle. \\c need to develop "'11)'S to ev;iluatc our hum3tl ICliVIUCS (qnculturc, forestry. ~th eve. tr.111q>0rl:lt1on. banhng. u.'21Cf use.. Clelgy use. cu:) an lh3t ~ We. In la=t. need to k:lm how 10 "rcillh:lbil" the boal!>CCgiOn m wludl we h\C, to accumcly lllldusund JtS ccol0£ical c:irr) 111g apxuy. and to design l01ro"lltds rcgion:il suffi 11.!llCy. inlrrdcpt"ndrncc Acknowledgement ot 1ntcrdcpcndcnt'C entoulllges the bioccntnc dc5ign of hum:m sysians. nus 1ccoJ:nh1on nl~o allows for a creative :iwro:ich 10 n.:s1hcuc nnd £unc1101JJI uspccis a.> wcll. i;uch ns opumurn cap~c11y for rc.~ancc and cnh:lncc:mcn101 st1troundinv, mcorporauon oC 11. md, w.:itcr, .sunlight 1n de~tgn: CORS11.kn.H10R of gcogtaphfcal/Sp;IU:ll rtxcmcnt: Dlld llcs1gning with illtcr.spccics communion In mmd. lmpOrllnCf uf rccdbotklre~poos" circuits A 10 receive infonnauon lllld cullure needs 10 be :ible respond to 11_.through reflccuon, cvllluauoa. 11nd pou:ruill! lld;ipt3U00 or ch:mgc. CIC. Prcscnlly. u o~s lh:ll COlllempallt)' cultures do not 113\'C lldcqu:i:e response CtrCUllS bw1t m. Far ~. cuhur:ll dqlcndencc Oil the DUtomOblle JCSUllS in anordinalc consmnptJoo or bumm ll me and fossil Cuc.I. Yet. bccmlsc of 1111 cntrtllChtd u:insporution industry th:u is rcinforctd by p"Cl'lllncn1 m 11;'Cfl 11S pnvau: indastry. crcah-e options ror eulwnl rcconstclbuon arc not lldcqu:ucly supponed...sucb 11J cL'Slgnlng urban vilbges wt= u.ukpbce ll1ld bolncpbcc tile nc:ucr to cXh other, prodllciog cnvironmcnta:lly Slb12lll;lble \'Cllicles. etc. meaM ror transrcrcoc" or illfonaatlon All culwrts have ways for the passing oa ol infonn:uion and wisdom rrom gtOC1111J011 IO gcnc:rauon. The xcumulatcd opericncc or o eullUIC am be siurcd Uirough suirytelling. an, llC'lldemics, child-rearing, education, ~. It is impllfWll 11> OJ1Jll'C:Cl3LC and parUclp:iLC in the craf'ung of this orpnlc ronn Of "i.torl1l:C lilld rctncval". :!»lCrtdntY or ur~ The Dddrcss or 1he tbu De No Snu Nee N:111on 111 the UN Conference of Non-g1wcllllllCnul Orgunlrntions m Geneva 111 1977 voices ttus concept n~ eloquently: '"The origmal 1nstJUaaon1 dilCCt lh3l \\C .i.ho ,.1111: 11bou1 on the E:ulh arc IO apn:.ss a grC3t respect. rm nfk.cuon. ll!ld a grauiudc toward all lhc spmts v.1rich Crute 11114 support life-Our roocs 11n: d«p Ill I.he btidJ 11;'hae 'll'C hYC.-The soil 1s rich from Che bono of thousmJs ot our gcncn1lQnS. E:i::h or 11S 'll'CfC crated 111 1hoic l:uu1s and ii u our dU1y to u1.c grm c.c ol them We wtik nbou1 11.ilb a pCl1l respect. for the f.:rth Is 1 '":tY SXtCd plxe." Eadl cuhurc can help 1his srnsc ol the~ of W'c 11ourisb bolh Oii lhc ~ _, ,.'Cll as euliunl level. crlrbrali!ltl Dnd renectioD Culnuc Hau lijJCCttS' medium sh.lrcd ~ ~wen llS shmd actlcr:lncc. I tlOCll. n:ltural cckbr.1lioD as v.-cll as c:ultwal mod:s of rdlcaion cnh:m:c our cupxtl)' commU!UOll v.1111 the rcsa of the unhcrse-aot jtlS1 on lhc pcrsoo;il ~I bul on t.'ic mnmumty-widc level. Comcaous rct ruuon n::d llrprccllllion of llll1113t!/caltur:ll as \llCll lll coolotial hc11mgc."both "3SarW and h1Uor~I .JS II rorm Of ckmentnl nourishment Ulllt c:m only come m 1 Slwcd ror ror form. -Mamie Muller �The Chalice and the Blade Tht wor.t of Muri1a GimbUJas (The Gods and Goddtssts of Old Europt, 1000 to 3500 BC: Myths, Ltgtnds and Cult /mag1t), Mt:rlin Stone (AnciMI Mirrors of 1Yomanh11od) and others haw! pionurtd tk uplora1ion ofour species' trut: cultural origw. Now with tk publicalion of The Clullce anti lhe Blntlc ( 1988), t~ tvitk11ct of this research along with Eisfcr's f4peful inttrprttmions Is[Ultllly r'ttzeliing brQOder rtaduship such that Ashley Montagu calls it "the IMSt impottant book sinct Darwin's Origin of Specit.r". llrre are two rtsf)OllSts to its t:iJllltlll. Emoft.e B'r<lCZ: Tlte Chalice a11d rite Blade confirms my long-held belief that ''once-upon-a-time" there were peaceful societies (partnerships) in existence on this planet. This gives me hope that we can muddle our way into a personal and global peaceful coexistence. After two readings of the book, the following points su>0d out: •Tue scientific and 1eehnologicnl advanccmcn[S of this century have allowed us IO ~amine nnd re.evalU11te e.arlia a.rchcotogical findings. The initrdisciplin:uy upprooch or t.ntcrprctlng "finds". lhe bte:ikthlO\lgh in es.rbon-14 d:ltlng, and \he dendrochronological dating method yield a diffetCtJl body or work and data on out histOry. ••conqu~1· of noturc h:is no1 always been the prime mover of Out species. • PoJytheislic religious life does not equal anti-christinn ccvility. •Art is a form of symbolu; communkmlon, and much depend.~ on who is interpreting the symbols. •The "might mllkes right" philosaphy is 1111 abbenu.ion. ..not the nonn. • tntultivc knowledge ls a part or the sciences. • "That's hisiory..• 1nd lluu's a fac1· is nn unncccpiable answer to quesliOllS asked. "The domuwor (JX!triltehal) mode or socw order is 111opproprinle nnd dangerous tO our further e11olvcmcnL. edSICOcc and fulW'C, Riane Eisler believes that we are presently al a crossroads. We can continue as we are...and it is inevilable that we will destroy ourselves...or we can try to emulate and rebuild the peaceful societies which did exist. After reading Tile CIUJ/ice and the Blade. I was convinced that peace is possible. The number of role models for us to identify with has been widened immeasurably by this book, There can be a choice for pence and equality even within the confines of our civiliuition. History goes in cycles, und unlike what we've learned in school, it is never a fiJCcd point. It is forever changing, evolving. It is our responsibility and challenge to investigate, to question, and to look at presented ''facts" with an unquenchable thirst nnd unending enthusiasm. I would like to share with you some of the books. in addition to The Gita/ice and rite Blade that have made me yearn for and ponder the idea of peace: General Readers hi p: Think on These Things by J. Krlshnamurti: Too of Ltodarslup by J Header; Grt!ui Politics by C. Sprcm:ik; Grun Alternative by 8. Tab:: Going Out of Our M111ds by S. Johnson: IOOth Monhy by K. Keyes; Johnny Got lfis (iun by D. Trumbo: Da1:u of Angtr by H. Lance: Peace Pilgrim by A. Pilgrim: St:t!1fs of Pt:ou II)' J. L:irson; Gandhi on Ptaet by M. Gn111lh1; Jlov.· Can Ont Sell th( Air. Edit.:d: Chop Wood. Corry \\'attr by R. F'aclds. Chi ldren 's Books: W.tlwm Wants A Dolf by C. Zolo1011: Friend.r by H.Hcmc; Quarter-Note Cow Pou byJ. Poucr. Mrnou by H. Bmgham: Chu:ktn Stew by K. Kasla: Kuper.I oft~ Earth by M. Cuduto; Tru II Niu by J. Urdy; lJ-.< B.imb and tht General by U. Eco: BuJll!T Boule Dool. by Dr. Seuss. Emou B'rar:. an a'td reada t1nd sr.J10lar. 1s the ot<na of frf.Jfuprop'.J Boo*stor~ and Cofi ill AJMvillt. NC. Si:t 011gina1td tlu! suhutft "A11othtT STt111/I Bus111t.fS for Pcau# tmd uwitl!s otkr smafl b1131nes1: ow11as to 11•1n kr 1111tS111g iI on clttir logos and ad•·~rflSt'mtlllS. tt.Uo Clu thr i.e: The Chali ce and The Blade was given to me by a woman-friend juSt after this past Winter Solstice, and it has llad a profound effect on me. Scrangely enough, it had b<:cn shown to me several months before, but I was not aurncted to it. l think when I saw it the first time I thought it was another mytho-psychological analysis of "feminine" versus "masculine" values. I was in a spa.cc of trying to explore my own sense of a ne\li masculine ethos and I didn't want to read what I thought would be a book on women's archetypes or psychological explorations. I needed a more grounded sense of what 11 means to be human n.t this time in history. When I finally opened up the book, and actWllly began to rc~d it, I couldn't put it down. Instead of being t.he psychological or mystical volume I expected, I found a remarkable CJCploration or "our history, our future." as ii says on the cover. Riane Eisler has taken a look at the entire sweep of human cuhurnJ evolution from a new perspective. that of t.he pannersbip, or "gylanuc" viewpoinL Her central thesis is that all the bases of human culture, arts. and civilizntion were developed at a time in which women and men were both respected, in which sexuality was free, and where the technology was of nurturance, not destruction. This is, in shon, the lost "golden age" of myth and legend. It really happened! I Our dr~ms of 1he future have their firm b:isis in a past which has been denied to us because of :indrocratic m1sinterpre1ation of both human nature and the archaeologicfil record. For example, we carry with us the image of early "man" holding a club with which to hit something over the head and kill it; in actuality the fin;t technological invention was probably ll vessel of some kind, either for ga1henni vegel!lble foodstuffs or for cradling children. These were. of course, invented by early women. The implication!> of tJ1is viewpoint are ~taggcnng: this book is justly receiving gre:u acclaim from a wide range of ~ources. The concept of n lost · m:m1archal golden age" is central to 1he more spiritual trends in feminist thought, and i!> a heartfelt belief Summ..:r, 1989 �or wish of modem 01anic neo-p:igans. In fact, Feminist Spirituality is frequently criticized by more materUlist viewpoints for not being grounded in an historical rcal11y. Tltt! Chaliu ar.d tht! B~adt! J?UlS t~e lie to these doubt~ about the vnlidity or Feminist Spintu:ihty by scrupulously an:ilyzing the historic:ll and an:h:ieolog1cal record to suppon its premise A lot of emphasis is placed 1n the book on the imponance or Cretan or Minoan Civilization to the development or Western culture, This highly technologically advanced civilization, which ":is at its height about a thousand years before Class1c:ll Greece (ca. 1400 B.C.E.), honored both women and men equally. was nol3bly non-warlike. and "orsh1pped the Great Goddess. Who has not marvelled at pictures of the bull·leapers, the Snake·Goddess statues, or the dclic:ue painung or lilies and dolphins which adorned the walls of the grc:it J13lace at Knossos'? And let\ not forget the Labrys. or double-axe which is today a prominent iron of Lesbian/Amazon cuhure. 'fbe origin of this symbol b m the Goddess· religion of Crete, The Clzaltee and tlit! Blade ts an inell.pcnsive volume, published by Harper nnd Row. It h llVilllable in your local, regular bookstore (if it's not sold out), or m the library. Since it's inexpensive, it doesn't have glossy color photos of the Minoan art treasures mentioned in the text. I found it useful to have a couple of an or nn.:hacological books by my ~idc 10 be able: to :.1~e lhe wonderful scenes of young Mino:in men with flowers in 1heir h:mds, of priestesses performing the rites of the Gre~ll GodJess. My dreams have not been the sanu: since!! Another imporum1 fe:11urc of I he Chaliu and the Blade is its e:\plorntion of the ":.tuntcd morality" (>f b1bhcal law in reg:ird to \\'Omen. Quoung Eisler: ~we have been taught ttul the Judeo·Christian trndnion is the greatest mornl ndvnnce of our species. The Bible is indeo.I primarily concerned .,.. ith what is right and \\tong. But what is right and wrong in a dommator society is not the same as what 1s right and wrong in a pannership society. There nre...many teachings in both Judaism and Christinnity suitable for a panner!>hip sy:.tem of human relations. But to the extent that 11 reflec1s a dominator society. biblical morality is at best stunted. At worst, it is a pseudo-morality in which the will of God is a device for covering up cruelty and barb.1ri1y." When I learned ancient hhtory in gmde school. the assumption was that law and moraJ11y began with the code or Hammlll1lbi or the Mosaic Laws. ln reality, these dominator law codes were set up after the overthrow of legal and moral systems which valued all human life, female and male. and which governed peaceful, not warlile, wcieties. ln addition, the classical Greek ideas of libcny and democracy (for free men only) were but watered·down versions of the earlier tr.1ditions which had their origins in pre-androcrauc societies such as Minoan Crete. In fact, Pythngonis and Socrnte~ were pupils of women Thcmistoclcn and Diotema, respectively. Much of myth, classical, Biblical, and othcrwi~. rccounis how the Goddess was ovenhrown, r.ipcd and murdered. These myths developed as justifications for the continued dominator/;indrocratic rule following the dcsll\ICtion of the earlier pea~ful, agricultural societies by wnrhke. pastor.ii peoples from the more margmal area:; or Eurasia. Riane Easler also recounls how the partnership or gylanic mode of society has periodically resurfaced, only to be suppressed again. Some or the teachings of Jcsu~ reflect a loving vision of peace and hannony; the later church fathers supplanted this with 3 warlike and hierarchical "Christianity." 1·hc very word "hierarchy" W3S coined to describe the organiution or the c:irly church. The word "gylany" or "gylanic" has been formed by Riane Eisler to describe the type of society which flourished in ancient times and toward \\hich v.e must move today if our species is to survive; it is a combination of "gy." denvcd from the Greek root word gyne, meaning woman, and "an." from andros, or lll3II. The letter ·1· between the l\\O is for linkin&. and is derived from the Greek lytln or Iyo. This verb has a double meaning: to resolve (as in analysis) or to dissolve or set free (as in cul3.lysis). This word and its origin sum:. up the m:un thesis of the book: that how a society organizes the relation~ between the two hnlves of humaniry (men and women) hn~ a profound effect upon all its ins1i1utions and vnlues; and the direction of its cultural evolution, pllrticulnrly whether it will be peaceful or warlike. tmmer, 1989 Needless to say, in a technological era where the "bl:ide" is a thennonuclcar bomb or a nerve gas canister instead of a S\\iord or slingshot, this is a matter of the very survival of our species. While The Chalice and rite Blade focuses m:iinly on the w3ys rcl:uions between \\Omen and men are constructed a~ a gauge of how totalitarian or warhke a society is. there are abundant references to way:. in which men, particularly "sensiuve" or "effeminate" men arc oppressed by androcr:lcy. As we know. and as Eisler points out, these warlike and t0tali1arian wcietie~ (H111c:r's Germany, Khomeini's lran, etc.) arc the most opprc:.sive 10 women and to peaceful tendencies in men or 10 :>pintual m1nori1i~ (Jew , B:iha'is. etc.). • Iow a society organizes the relations bcl\\CCn the two halves of humanity (men and women) has a profound effect upon all its ins1i1u1ions and values, and the direction of its cultural evolution, particularly whether i1 will be peaceful or warlike. ln regard to the issue of maleness and warlike values, nerc 1s Easler· viewpoint: "For 1mllcnia men have fought wars and lhe 8l:1de has been a male symbol Bul this does not mc:in men arc inevnably violent Md w:irhkc. Throughout rcconlcd hif.tory then: have bcc:n peaceful and non-violent men. Moreover, obviously there were both men and women in !he prehisiorico.1 societies v.herc the po\\ er to give and nunurc, v.hich the Olnlicc symbolh:C! , was supreme. The underlying problem is not men o.s a sex. The root of the problem lies 1n a social system in v.hich the power of the Blade 1s idealized - in \\hich men nnd women D.1'C taught to equate true lll3sculinity with violence and dominance and to see men who do not confonn to this ideal as 'too soft' or 'effeminate'." It IS apparent thllt the vision or I gyJanic SOCU:ty is thal of crcauvc dynamic interpersonal relations \\rit large: the vision of gentle loving \\Omen and men living in harmony \l.ith nature 1s \\hat \\e offer for the reemergence of the future partnership society which must be the p:ith of humanuy's future. The basis of any society and culture h the way one person relates to another. This is true for woman to woman, man to man or mlln/~oman relationship:.. Now i~ the time for us co carry our vision forth mto the new world which is being crcrued by all the human vi:oionarie!> nnd poets who sense the turning of the cosmic wheel. The human species is obviously facing a crucial period in history: either we will full b:ick into a kind of androcratic tcchnofascism in which women will be slaves. free sexuality will be suppressed, and the organisms of the planet will choke on human filth or be incinerated/radiated in a nuclear holocaust; or v;e will somehow develop :a new culture which values nunurance, h:is respect for life and hum!lnlly in all its variety :md sc:icual flowenng, and rinds ways to meet its material needs without ciitinguishing other species and tenninaJly fouhng it nest. Khomeini and the Morul Majority understand how Feminism. civil rights. free SCltunlity. ecology. and peace nrc linkcJ, and they oppose them all with a vengc.ncc; we who reali7.C how these values are pan of our vbion and hold the key to our ~urvival must continue co become \\hat we want in the world and create the myths in our laves which will be the stories for our people to live by. The Cho.lice and rlie Blade has given me hope. In this time of rc-<lcdic1uion to the principles wh1ch l have cherished in my heart for years. this book has mengthcned my "·ision and nllowed me co feel pan of a past and a future or joyous. loving, harmonious women and men, liv1ng in deep commimion \\ith the Ennh and iis creatures. Wbo could ask for more'?'? M1hJ Gwlvu: u a co-/oWllkr of 11il ClllnNrl.JNi Grtt11 ColAl!Cil aJlJ a/rt~111 con111bMtor to its publicat1on g1«nhgh1 Prcst111ly. lw spuids hls 111r11 both in DMrham NC and NOJhv1//t, JN whtft /ormaliz1n1 his 1ra1111ng 111 bctanical stiul1es. This revi~ 1.f rtpr111ttdfrom grccnlighL �Lhcm: conscrva1.1on: improving and rtp:tirmg Lhe city/cowuy d4uibution system; and coop:nwng with the towns oi Woodfin and WcavcrvtlJc 111 developing the Big Ivy River v.'aler supply. ALAR • A • LA MODE' poUutanis. These regubtlons wtll be dlscusscd 8l public hearillgs on August 4 m Rllle1gh Md Augu.st 9 in Owlott.c. Chemical mduStrics were the l:lrgcst &OW'CC of polluwus. Olhcr lasge cooLObutors we.re furniture, tcllule. pbsucs and rubber, p1per. nnd prmlln& and N..unl World Ne•1 ~ace publishing industries. C:.,111wba and fors)th counties were the wont Even as Federal health officials tty to calm growing concerns about aJar sprayed :apples, Ilic En · lronmcmlll ProlCCl.ion Agency d«idcd to Ill lcw t.empomnly remove Abt from 1 h$t or acccpublc chcmk:al sprays.; During a sub<ommauce hearutg on the Al:ir-m. Scru!tor John Wamcr of Vqmia Wied Prwdens Bush, • to cxcrc:asc some cri~iJ control" to PfOLCcl lhc apple indusuy dependent on Abt spraying. while other sen310ts suu.ed thcu ()\\.Tl hes11.ancy IO fccJ their children Haywood C:OWU) wu next, and was the only westertn county to cxccod 2 million pounds, th3nks mostly to the Champion Paper mill ""hicb reported rclC4Sing 3.S million pounds of tolic air pollution, mcludmg 810,000 lbs of the carcinogen chloroform, 660.000 lbs or hydrochloric acid, ll!ld 66.000 lbs of sulfuric acid whach conttibut.cs 10 :.cid rain. D:iyco reponcd 1.7 million tons. Figures for other Western counties ase: Ru1bctfonl - I IO 2 milljoo lbs.. Primary so~ - Reeves Brothers, l.S million lbs. and Broylull Furniture lnd~Lties. Transylv111u.11 • 500,000 to I million lbs. Primary source - Ecusta divisiron of P.H. Gl3dfcltcr. Buncombe - S00.000 to I million lbs. Primary sources • Chnsc Packaging, 270.000 lbs; Chcnuronic~ (Jct Research Center), 263,000 lb$: Andre11 lndus111es. 110,000 lbs or tcLtacbloroethylcnc, a carcinogen. Mitchell " S00.000 t0 I million lbs. Primary sourccHcnredon Furniture lnduSl!ies, 600,000 lbs. Burke S00,000 IO I million. Hcndc™>n - 250.000 10 apple products. CHAINSAW BANDIT STILL AT LARGE Nat.uni Wockl Newt Servico As of lhLS rcporung, Beech Mounuin Town Police and the Avery County Sherirrs Oc:p:inmcnt still have no wspccis in tl1c ~11uct1on or lhrc:c b1llboan1s. TOO signs we.re allegedly toppled by a chain-saw on Wcdllcsday, r.tiy 17. Appal\:lltly, lllCIC was some public SUpporl ror thl~ 3Cltion.... l~e pa.id odvcrtise~nt, llunking Ille Wlkoown pcrpcuntor. appeared an a local pgpc:t soon a!W. ll tC1Cmr as if 111311)' n:sidenls were llJl1ICl wilh the "•sual pollution c:cale4 by the b1llboords. and I.bey wished to COQ>lil'QllC people to frequent only those rnctCh:inis who do noc use b1llbootd.s. IL is believed th.1t the absen.:e or 111mcit:m legal tcguWion concarung billhollnb drove lhlS 1nd1..idual IO tcek ~ oulSidc of thc law ro lddreiS a c:ammunuy concem. FORCES OF NATURE Naunl WOl'ld Ncwa Scnlu On April 6 we were all rcrn1nalcd or the inoltOtllblc atnCtion or gravity. This point was espcclllly brought home 10 three ttookcrs on l_.O near the Tcnnc.ssce SIALC line v.llo r«ea"ed l'lllhct lur11c bouldct applicauon~ 10 the side or their llllCtOMrnJIClli u huge rock slabs ri]!pCd o/T from the su:cp wall of rock Fonunrucly, no one was h1111. A retaining wall mode a vnln attcmpt to Slop lhc slide, but was~ crushed. The rock~idc clO!iCd lhe two westbound lallC$ roe su ~as an cstim111Cd IS,000 to 20,000 cubic yanls or d111 and rock had io be movod; dyn.wit.e c:hlllgC$ were 5Ct to dislodge uruubk! 11111LCriol; and steel mc..'h nets were wung on cables between rock bolts set m the chff r11ec.. Every lime U'\IC.k 11ec1dcn11 hliic 1'11~ h;.ippen. 11 ~minds us: 11 c:ouJJ ha•e been nukes! SEWAGE WITH YOuR SUPPER? Nall.nl Worll N Sa>ioc. In Alhcvalfe. No1tl1 Carohllll •octn dttc.iued by 1 1..m-to-onc m:irgm a bcm1' muc lh;it v.ould ll3•e h:ld them drinkma 11".c w:iiu of the French Broad Raver. Supporters of the bond ruuc Cb!llltd WI the French Bro:id 11o :ii.ct 11 .ufo, but opponcn11 ll01Cd ih:n the rc;tl l>S:la WllS that n:ssd.:nts "''CfC nol ready ID dnn\; poll~ hvtf"'1lla IO lh:u bus 11CD proplc !Ind dc'-elQpcri coul'1 CXINI\ I profi OP Wllllll cd llfOV. II U~m from A vii looau th pbn , II pos.s 5 fund hclp "'"'""--""•ill.~ Thea ... dlC othct ~able meet ~ 11tc;1 • w11 r n ~tu1~1 Journ"L pC•(I 22. rTll1I \ \1lltiblc IJ) Ill lbc fuwrc among School disuicu from New Yori.: lo Los Angeles LO Miami ha"e sioppcd serving AIAMaintcd apples in their cafeteri:ls. Alar h:is fOI' )'C4rS bcc:n linked to aincc.r in 11nillllll LCSLS, but recently when o report by the Nuturul Resources Defense Council recc1"cd n lot or :itll:mion, public opinion pushed tbc EPA mto nct1on. The company which mtlkes Alar cont111ues IO msbt the product is snfe and has plans to shin their market to owside the us. 500,000 lbs. CONSERVATION COUNCIL OF NORTH CAROLINA PROMOTES PESTICIDE LEGISLATION NaNRI World Ne"'• S..lYk:e Myo11c 1111ereswJ can ob1a111acopyof1hl' rtpc >rtfor $20 from t~ North Caro/ilia Envirollh:tlllal Dtftnst Fwul clo StepMn L(llitus: 128 llargtll St . Raleigh. NC 27(J()J. NEW RIVER SCENIC DESIGNATION IN JEOPARDY The Conservation Council or Noni! Carolin:a has joined forces with Lhe Agrac:ultur3J Ra:soun:es Cenier/PESTcd to publish I pcsttctdc -ic:nda for 19S9. Some of the bills they arc promoting in the NC Legislature are HB-389 ""hach would increase the atri:il application buffer which 1s cum:ntly only one hundred Uodu the state-federal pLln of 1976 which declared 26.S atilcs of the New River a Scenic: foci (1'11111111 OCC'41•ed bwk11ng, and S8·274 whk.h wuulJ require all pcs1icidc applicators to J>O$l notice of thcu Waa.crw11y, Nonh CAtolina wiu to 11cqui1c; i>C<lnn; e:tsemenis «land along Ille nvcr. Howcvct. since 1976 activities. For furlhcr information conL:lct Nonc:y Barnhardt, Legisbuve Agent, Pcsllc1dc Project of lhc COll3ervatJon Council or NC, Ch~pcl Ifill. (919) 942-8991. "STATE OF THE AIR" REPORT Natuml Wotld New' Sa-vice Last year. ror the first time. more than 800 North Carolina 1ndus111cs were required to file with tho s1111e rcpons on releases of the 328 cbcnucah mdiC41cd m the 1986 fcdcml "right-«>~know" SWtUIC:;. The NC Envi.ronmentlll Dclcn~ Fund ( NCEDF), compiled Lhcsc: reports and found th~t. <tatcwadc. indusUlcs emutcd nearly 100 ma Ilion pounds of lhclit air polluunts. 12.7 million or which arc Cllrt1nogcll$. According lo the NCEDF, these cm1WO<U arc cnurcly legal, and therein hes a probkm. "Touc au polluuon an l'onh Carolina is aJrncm tolollly unrc11ul.'l1Cd." according IO NCEOF dltl!ClOr S~vcn J. U..1ta,, 1andl unlcs§ we dose the skic.s io polJw.c:l'l, lilt cnu-;.siODJ wdl n:rnui the e:isiest way for Noctl1 Ouolma 1nduwic:s 10 get rad or ll:at.:irOOus w.wc." Nawn! World News Sez\.icc only 33 acres or scenic cascmenLS have been ~wrcd by lhc s:wc. In the s:imc umc period the number of priYDte lwldowncrs on the river h3.s jumped 300%. anJ iowns of Jcrterson and Wcs1 Jefferson, NC are currently considering opening a one million gallon per day v.ucr Lreattncnt plant which would utilize lhc river LO dispose of IJ'elUOd discharge. Nllkcd Creclc. a Lribur.:uy of the New River and a disch!lrge sllc for treated water, "wns named :is n •toxic: hot spot' an 1111 EPA repon just rele:i.~ by lhc Oivi~ion or Environmcn1.11I Manngc.mcnt,• according lo Jonct Hoyle or the Blue Ridge Envaronmcn111I Defense l..caauc (BREDL). Ms. Hoyle fears that, though the move unprecedented. Congl'CSS could revolcc lhc design;won ot S<:cnic Rivet. •sCC3U111 lhe \ollu.:s for which (Lhe nvcrl wa.~ protected arc not being prcserved,. .. wc fear WICOntrollcd dcvdopmcru tluc:liens the dcsilJl.ltion". In resJ!Qnsc to this threat. Rep. Judy Hunt (0-Walilugl) has mt.roduccd legisl:ation IO speed 11p Ilic aqumuon of c~scments ami began in ~nest lhc tmplcmcnwtJun of the scc11.1c nvcr pbn drawn up for die l, New )'l:O.ll'S a.go. The measure~ nx:c.-cd house approval, and a·.. 1uu 11e11on 1n the Senate Envuonmenul Comnuuce. In :a pMSibly re.bled m31tct, SCllOl.IC Bill 119!\ lhc N:nural Hm~ Wll!Ct bill 1nll0dllffil by Scn:uor MIUC Blilllghl 11ofll 1ncn::isc the e.\CISC Slllmll l:l\ from Sl.()()/1000.00 tO $2.00 pct $1000 00 Under lhe new bill, COU lleS would rceei•-c S0.50 of a:h doll:ir of Ul me.om- SO.ZS WO'Jld go tO 11.':llU nnd .rcwcr do\'dapmcnt wh ' 11noL'r.:r SO 25 would go io tic: Rec~uon lllld Nat I He c Tr Fund to buy !And for g.un.bnJ f and p.uks. 1111 b II tn rt Cl lCtl S2.S mubun doll.in per )C 10 l1C d lor land aqui uum Flori , S .:!h CarollnA Summer, 1989 �Tennessee :ind Maryland :uc altcody succcsi.fully using 1l11s 1cchn1quc for preserving 1hcir nalurJI an:a.~. IfNC rtsllitllJS urr 1nltrts1td in wntawng their Stnat(Jrl rtgarding this bill, the addresJ ts: Lrgtslu11~t Building, Raf~1gh 2761 I Phone; 733-11 JI Fot r1wri! tnforfniltiOll call Jim Stt•ens (9191782-2686 or Btll Jlof""m· (919)7.Sj.J)Zi} Tt: TRANSPORTATJON I MPROVEMENT PLAN? maHers PUBLIC SERVANTS IGNORE PUBLIC Nirural Wotld Newt Scrvic11 Residcnis or Buncombe County were ou11agcd 10 discover that a suue highwoy improvement., p;ickagc included a plan for a four lane loop to run through SwannanO.'.I, lhrough Recms Creek and Ox Creek Valleys, to lhe Enka-Candler aren. Trnnsporiauon Secre13ry James Harrington said in a leuer 1.ha1 a loop around Asheville would be needed IO lmndle the mcrenscd 1n1mc from nn upgraded US 19-23. John Hill.11 resident of Ox Creek Vlllley. voiced lhcdcepconccm or oVCT 100 people who attended a planning meeting about the issue: No one asked [u:;J, or 1he people in Mudison County, wbclhcr we wnnlCd lhcir lives changed forever, or hcuvy lrucking brough1 in from the Ohio Valley, or 1f we w.inlCd rapid dcvclQpment as in lhc urblln 31'.cas.• The public feeling is that sUJtc officials could ~vc trouble and cmbanassmenl if lhcy would consult wilh locnJ rcsidcnLS befotc uying 1 force 1hrough new 0 1~ for developmea1. Natunl World News Scrvacc On April 3rd lhc state Utilities Commissmn ruled thar Duke Power Co. cnn go ahead wu.h plans for a transmission line through lhc bc:lutiful Pru11hert0wn Vnllcy in Jackson County. lhus dissolving a Scpicmbcr 1988 reslr.lining order, and ending a hard-foughl balllc by lhe Jocasee Watershed Coalition. lhc WNC Allinnce, ond the Conscrvnuon Council of North Carollnn. Thc~c groups fonnnUy prolcsltd lhe roulC lilSt year, s:iymg thal Dulc hnd not eumincd altcmativcs LO their planned route lhrough die "Yosem11e of the E.c.1", und Lhnt a proposed offer from the Tenncsse Valley Au1homy might be the:ipcr nod elunina1e lhe need for lhc tin~ Hun1cr Lovin~. co·foundcr or Ilic Rocky Sununer. 1989 own llands BeflCll Mountain We co no• wea~ l:i< 1t11ery resioen1 uomeowrl!!• or 111s1tor 10 Beech Mouniaon. however a grOWtng numoer 01 ~ .vould l1•e to 111ank you tor aoklg ,•,hal we llavP .van1eo 10 co ro1 some time bul door t ha~ 1110 nel"e You have macie our moun1a1n a more 1Jeau111u1 r.1 .. ~" '£> u.. t. vL1•1 HQO<lh;lly oaver:•sers will nave lll(lre 1cmkc' I - u oeau!ilul mo..in1ain" 11 t" .. lulure & \\ II 001 POLI.DTE th~ " 1" btl'tlOlilOS DELP STOP BILLBOARD BLIGHT Frequent only merchants who DO NOT use billboards Mounuin Institute with her husbnnd Amory, ~'Uggestcd a conference held lllst fall al Warren Wilson College t.h:i1 lhere was no need for adJitional energy cnpacily lllld lhn1 all encrllY n«Wi could be met by practicing least-cost planning and cfhc1cncy improvements which would acwally increase the profiis of the power comp:uues without incurring lhC S36 m1lhon pnce Lag of lhc line, wltich will surely be passed on to consumers. The Commission disngrc.:d wilh this :1SSC5Slllcn1. saying ·11tc evidcoce clearly ~hows that Duke c:ucfully and diligenlly planned !his projccl by examining a wi\lc :irea of Western North Carolinn, n:irrowing the poi;s1blc route nli.cmati\'CS, lllld sclccung J rou1c which m1rum1ud 1hc impact on the en11ironmen1 and cus1ing dcvelopmcni". The Commilision decreed lha1 allcm:ile roulCS suggesltd by lhe cnvironmenw.I groups were too long and 100 c.itpcnsivc. They nlso d1smi!iscd the TV A proposal, elaammg lha1 lhc TV A did not prcscn1 a pe.rsua.'ilvc :irgumen1 that its proposed rotes for Naniahala customers would be lower fl13n Duke's. A bill has been introduced 1n10 lhc NC Ocnet:ll Assembly by Rep. ~1arie Colton (D-Buncombe) which would give lhc Commission authority to review power line siung plnns. 01 SAYING "NO! " TO THE DUMP Niawrat World Ne'Nj Sav"'~ 0 CUTIING A LINE you for t~~ ino arid e 1rnma:an9 tl".e I>• !boards on Natunl World News Scrvk< Thci SS.6 billion Transporboon Improvement Plan (TIP) being heavily pushed by Govenor Jim Manin iOIS II leystone of bis "good rQ.ad$ for progress• Slll!C 1m11gc, passed 1he House of Rcpresenuuvcs. and is upec1ed 10 p:iss lbrough lhe Scruue wi1hout effcclivc oppos1lllln. The Bill culls for a massive road-building progr.lm Wilh the CVl!lltlUll goal Of bringing 0 rruuor four l:ine road "within ten miles of llny North Carohn:i n:sidcnl.• nod paving many or ttic din roads. A fow represcnt111ivcs hnvc e.xpr~d concern bccuuSj: 1he bill IGClcs lln)' mention of mnss 1rw1Sil ns n means of ll'!illsportauon unprovemcm, and lhc lawmakers may :111cmp1 t.0 block p:issage unul su!:h wording can be included Proponcois of TIP sny 11 is 100 ln1c for an~ StK:h coosidcruuon :llld l'1osc concerned should have r.uscd their objcc:tilons long ago, allCmplJng IO change lhc bill now could posslbly kill iL The bill would Ix\ fonded by a five ccn1 gas lll!I. Millly rcsidcnis. especially m Ille Kaulah region. rear lhe bill is :i prune cxrunple of ovcr-dcvclopmcru.. The ncw 1ra~-port.alion scheme would strongly mcrcnse access 10 nnd lhrough lhc mouniains and have a profOtJnd environmcnw.I and soeiul impacL l• iu~ You! Trees 1,000 feet awny from a WllStc dump :u Oak Ridge, Tenncsscc were cut down and c:imed away. because I.hey were emiuing to~ic amounts of rad1odon. Under prc.~t rcgulntions, !heir hobiull would no1 be C:OO.\idcred ll.~ ~ A1 a pubhc hearing in Madison Count)', a woman loll! lhJS sw~ and lhcn posed some simple questions 10 lhe panel of four pale men in dark suiis and one dnrk-sktnned woman repre~ung lhe North Cwobnt1 Low Level Rodio;icti~e Wasic M411agc:men1 Aulhomy. "Would you drink wai.cr from a ~pnng 1000 feet from d1t Oak Ridge nuclC3t dwnp? Would you offer this water 10 your child?" Every head on Ille panel nodded affinmllively. TI1e woman gestured IO 1hc panel and faced lhe crowd, •1 give you the cxpens on low level rndiu.'ICtive wnu: dumps!" Over 600 people, many of them obviously cld\!rly fanning couples, showed up for the forum on u Wednesday evenang, ll'lldiuonnlly church naght in Ibis predomuuntly Baptist c:ounl)'. G1'11SS roolS politics mov~ like o pr.ime lire when 3 hot ~p.irlo; wikc.s. In this- caie lhe networl 1h111 fonned lhc Cbme of public 0111.n1gc wus lhc local min1stty, Voluni.ccrs from 1.lie Mud1.;on Em·ironmcn111l Allfonce contacted muusu:r.1 who cnllcd other preacher; nnd urged ll1c1r congregaLions to exercise I.heir duty of E3flh stewardship, one of lllC precepts of lhe soulh.un Baptist cn:cd. Earlier 1n April :ing.:r flared in Jl.lacoo and Polk Coun1.ics as The Aulhomy's 1rnvcling road show, designed IA.'I soothe fcars.lllld cool u:mpcr~. found i1SClf in an equally unplc:a.'l:lni hill S.:lll. The meeung in Polk Counly dlcw more than 1,000 ouendec.s.. Local residcnis no1cd Lhe impact of lhcse meeung.s - never before had lhcy seen so ITlilllY people of hke mind a1 one l~lion. Said Polk County $hCriffs deputy Chris Abul, "I guess everybody just WDnl'I to say 'no' to lhc dump." J11nc1 Hoyle, director of Blue Ridge EnvironlllC1ll.al Defense l..cque, calls North Carolina "I.he chump of lhc SE" for staying m lhe SE Comp:icl. lhc c1gh1 SL:ltt organWiuon lhal picked Nonh Carolinn to be the recipient or lhc rcgt0n's radioactive WllSIC for lhc next 20 yC81'$. Jonci reminds us 1h.:11 some or lhe w11S1C will remain toxic for 117 million years, EnvironmCllllll1sis lhink lha1 wch state $hould h3tldle us own waste. lnsu:<ld or conuunmrumg a new aren, lhe siate's low-level mdiooctive was1es should be stored nbovc ground al nuclear puwer plnrus. which produce ~ of lhcm. nu~ way they could be monil(Jl'Cd until a va:iblc long-u:nn waslc disposal technology is developed. To dll1e, all existing dumps in lhe rnin-ricll east have lc!lked, even lhe ones drat meet r;um:nt regullltions. The Aul.horily 1s 10 come up with at least two cundid:ue locauons in Nonh Cnrolinn lau:r lhis year and to have picked a "preferred siie" by Nov, 15, 1990. Hopefully tbe loud "No• from Katuah wlll no1 only JcOec1 the dump. bu1 will also prod the ·cxpcns· to rcthinlc their nuclear policy. SOUTH CAROLINA BANS NORT H CAROLINA WASTE Natural World Ne"'s SG\'lc:c By cucutiveorder of Gov. Carroll CampbeU. as or Morch I, 1989. the •U!IC of South Carolin" has prol1ibitcd 1hc di.~~1 or was1e from :my Sllltc &hat refused ID di!i:p()S(l of the WtilC 11.scl[ The b:in elfoc:ICd 32 ~Ulles and Puc:t10 Rico. Hans1ll Truesdale, heud of the SOUlh Carolina Dcpanmeo1 of Hcallh lllld E.nvi.ronmenml Controls H:uardoUJ Wasic Division say~. "WG hope our ac;IJoos will encoUl3gc other sutcs IO move toward developing their own h:u.ardous was1e managcmen1 pro~·. In 1987. Nonh CAroht13 gcnerultd 2.8 billion pounds of l=dous wute, most or which w11S sent to ou1-0f-Slal.C disposal Cac1litles. JCotu~\ Jo1.1rna( PIMJlll 23 �(~ fmlll P11C4l Wh:it is then: 10 keep someone from •1ctung go• nnd •becoming the olh11r person~ so successfully tl\31 !hey come away from a Lls1ening Projec1 full of rc:icrionary nnhudes? Again. m Herb's mind the answer goes back to thn1 shared essence of humrurity, which is deeper than any dogma or se1 of idc:is, but i~ expressed rnther in 1em1s of vnlues. '111c antidote 10 polariz;uion :ind separation," he say~, "i\ to recognize 1he oneness or all life and oi all hum:inity. We in soc111I chMge work need to recognize that all of us, even those people 1iliho are racist or militanst or $eem like they are ou1 to desuoy the l!ruth. are a pan of the great ltfe, and within us au is !he potcnual 10 ch:inge :ind 10 let go ot old iJcas that are destr0ying life. There h definitely that potential. The source of lhat power lies in going beyond the ego and getting down to that place where things change. 'The way I en\ 1sion 11, 1s to look 111 11 person :ind 1111.a.gine them just coming out as 11 new born inf.int, That h3by isn't a r.1ciM. th:11 baby 1sn 1 n milu:inst, that b:iby doesn't w11111 to destroy the \l.Orld. Tb:11 new baby is allvc. lbnt's the essence of hum:mny Thst's in every p;:rsoo in society, -nu11's what we: arc listening for, b:i~iC31Jy. We: ;ue probing through all the cr.iziness. all the accumul:11ed ideas. th:it may h:ivc made a person into a m1l11ans1, or a r<1cis1 or an environment· destroyer, 10 find 1he essence 01 who that person is. f'or 1hc essence is good." The idcolog1cal content 1s pare, but only a pan, of .1 convers:uion. In deep listening the: process of communication 1!> the major emphasis. If a listener 1111d a resident cnn reach a poin1 where they arc each staring right into I.he other's bare and unadorned "'1111, then together they arc atl3ckm& racism, mil11arism. and 1he other 1te1J,:1tive aspects or our i:oaety for the r11C1Gm, the: nulit11nsm, iuid the rest an: the mdv.clhng fear m people's bean~ raised to a pcrm311ent place m the mstituuons of society. Hezb ~ys that, "Underlying all the problems is fear. Our b:lsic fear IS one of rejection. We \I.ant 10 be loved and rc~pcctcd. If we don't gc1 llu11 in !lie wuy we need 11, \l.C use power to get it. That's why it gets back to spiriwa.I values. h gets back to people's need to experience love, communny. caring. nnd connection. Those :ire the fundmnental needs of :ill hum:inity, lllld if we can find w:iys to make that possible for 311 people, I think all the problem~ we: ~cc: would stan d1ssolving.w "Love, community. canng. and connecuon." Herb defines his peace work in tenns of the~ values... When be speaks of ·peace; he spc:ik. of the concept in the broadest po)siblc: \Cose. He decries the divisions tha1 sometimes arise bc1ween people involved in promoting non-violence:, doing soci:ll justice work, or helping IO prc::.crvc the c:nvirunmem He fet'ls that :ictiv1sts would help their cause by ~tressing the connec1cdness o[ 1hesc 1s~uc' lie considers the penod he wotl:cd ns a youth counselor as being part of his "peacework" an.I whhes :ill people involved In 1h:u kind of healing worl.: would realm: 1hc conncction lhc:y share v.1th the pence niovcmcn1. He .s.iy!( he 1~ ''~)rkmi: for peace v.h.n he is weeding hb garden. or Poliucs is usuully perceived 3\ II sc:nes c:intpaigns 10 be c:uncd on unul the foe is vanquished and ,;dory is ~chievcd l·or llcrb, polincs 1s process .und the process 1~ nevcr-endmi;, whelhcr 11 is tor empowerment or tor he:iling. In an mfomul moment he slid, "Yeah, you know, hstening ts an incredible procc)s. I'm still trying to 1ncorpora1e 11 rr.ore d~ly in my person:il lire. 11·~ easier IO v.ork it on the political level in some ways. "What was it someone said? 'Listening is the rim let or love.' "In a sense the Listening Project actually says. 'I love: you. No mauer who you nn:, no mauer what you're doin~, l love the essence of who you nrc.' You may hate wha1 a person 1s doing, but wha1 you !lfe basically ~11y111g is 'I love yo11.' That's where listening is non-violence, too." ~ {tontillued rrocn page 10) p:1rnc1panii; m1m n:ly on 1iicinsd• ~ • thc1t own mner n:sourccs nnd ability to share llnd 'Communicate. In a very~ ~. the ~etpant... create the "orklihop ·and isn"1 this \\h:!t community 1s about anyway? Lc:anung to t;1p IOlCI our iruhv1Ju:il and group r ·sources, and to be co-crc:uors rnthcr th:m ·koocrs" nnd followcn; "? As a group rntwcs out of "pseudo-c\'lmmunny and IO\l.ard real community. it tends to pas~ through scverul d1\1Jnct phases, which Dr. Peck and I·CI.! ro:fer 10 ns "i:haos" :ind "cmpuncss" After the supcrf1Ci:1h1y nnd f.:ilsern:ss of pscudo-communny begins to \H::U- thin, conflicts begin 10 emerge, nnd pe<.>ple usU11lly lil:ln irymg w fa, convert. or ch3.0gc each Other. The rc:sulltn!l rcscnnnent llild nngcr. nobody likes being "faro"· des1ro>s nny feeltngs of group harmony (illusory as 1hcy may h;i\ e bet'n). nnd the group descend~ into confusion nnd "cha()>'". Then llfter a period of turmoil and soul·sean:hmg. group members gradually lc:im ·"uh the tacditntors cxcnsion31 guidance • 10 let go or lhcir prcconcc1vcd 1de:i~. expccunons, IUld pcrsonal agendas. They begin 10 emp1y themselves of these b.'lrriers and blocks, which have kept them lt:cling ~p!lr.lte :ind un:lble 10 Just be tlrere with the others. Thh cmpcying process cnn be d1fl icult and painful . but on the other side of this "valley ot the: shadow of death" lies the cxpc;ncncc or Peace. ot JUSt Being. ,1nd listening, and sharing m co11unun11y ·an CKpenence that seems to eocomp3Ss all oppo~itcs and embraces joy and sorro''. nll kind) of religious ei1pn:ss1on anJ 11thtism. activity and rcccpu-.ity, love and feat. Although a panicubr group m3Y noc rellCh a sustained c~pericncc of genuine community (qwic ~!ten. groups tend to re' en b3clc 10 cha()) 11ntl/or pseudo-community ~incc these modes ol rc:bung 11re more familiar and, in a sense. ~fer· though not really), every group goe.1. throug~ an emptying process and at least touches on, or Wp!> into, the Bemgncss of commum1y. ( Having auended one of thei.c v.eckcnd worhbops, thi' "ritcr can auesl 10 the :iccur:icy of 1he abc)\'e dcscripuon I Xa1uiU1 Journn! pCUJC 2·1 "Through 1he power of gewune commzmity, "e 1ccl to offer opportumries for peopfo 10 brufgc tliffcrc11ces mid reco11cilc c·miflzcts u uh a11thr11ucit) anc/ 111tegrity " ln :idd111on to 1has pnnury fe>..--us, FCE 1s alw m the process of elp:uuimg its focus on comm11nily 11etworbng nnJ refcrra.I servu:c:s. The gwl 1s to pre.wide n~sht11Kc and d1ra "t1on for people v. ho an: seeking to lmk up wtth other; for a ~ctlic purpose, or arc 1C:UChing for community organiz.iuons or groups that c:in asSJSI 1hem m their hc:lling, le:1ming. grov.th, nnd/or sharing. The unllcrlymg recog11lt1on here IS thM rcr~ "1s not 311 1sol:11ed phenomenon, but nithcr a pan of what might be called the community movement" • 11 movement initiated by such group~ as Alchoholics Anonymous nnd ib t\\lelve siep program, the growth of social :tc1ion groups, and the women's movement. l'CE i~ thu~ engaged 1n su:ad1ly bu1ld1ng new links· and sm:nglhcnlng e)tl,Ung ones· in the hv1ng mterconncctcd chllin of community "·hic.h may prove to be.-, m truth, our s;ilvauon. For funhcr mform.1uon about FCE and its umnnunuy Building Wort..~hops, cont.1ct: The Fouo<hltion for Community Encuun1gemenl, Inc:. 7616 Glc:iwn Road KnO%\ille, T~ 379l9 -~ (615) 690-43~ p · Summtr. t 989 �We had some visitors from the Soviet Union. They wanted to make friends with us. We wanted to understand them... Crystal Peace means that I am loved ...Alyson from a drawing by Alyson and Crystal Peace is love peace is caring peace is sharing. If I didn't have any peace, it wouldn't be any peace in my heart .......... Beth 1 I Peace means to be a friend to me Peace means to be kind to others Peace means to be nice to others Peace means harmony to me ....Virg1 nia Peace is like Flying in The sky ........Justin Peace means not hurting animals.... Sefton Peace is loveing and harmony and careing for others and animals. I love cats........Star These are some respo11ses w the l.lhat. ls Pce1ce? Coruest held ar Aslievil/e Altemarive School, an experimental public school in Asheville, Nc>rtlr Carolina. Organized Olld compiled by Abby Bird. age 11 Kstuah's Cliildre11's Page Editor l<.At1.1uf1 )01.lT!'lUt p!UJ~ 25 from a drawing by Virginia Summc.r. 1Q89 j �TIP/ F.ROS Your womb wraps around me, encloses II.lid holds and keeps me, nnJ lets me come nnd co. in and out. DRUMMING Gomg out, away from your bcanh,.)our embrace I JOumcy 1n ecstasy, and I live in p;im. lETIE RS TO Kt\ TUi\H I am Earth walking on Earth, worlds I am or micro :ind rtl3CTO cosmos. wali.ing through. I glimpse the dn:3m - enthralled. in awe. 1n rapture • then lose 11.~aod wander about. .. lost in Isolauon - desolation - despair. Dear Katuah, L011JS OF Tiil! HEART: Coming soon to a mounuun valley near you - 8.6 billion dollars worth of road consuuc1ion. Thats right, Nonh Carolina Governor Jim M.utin wants all of his c11iunry co be within 10 mile$ of a four·hnc wpcrh1ghw:1y, and. 1f by chance you're hindered by a du!>ty ol' travel road - don't worry - he want) to pave those, 100. Access 1s but a n1ckel·a·gallon g:u-tu increase away, so h11 saving North Carolina's reputation as a ·good roads for progre~ sta1e• is a freebie. Say you're not sure about all th1\'>? Ughtcn up. Those who ~tanJ 10 profit the most politically and financs:illy (our mayors, our county comnuu1oncrs, and the independent Chambers of Commerce) have been lobbying your state legisl310~ to push h:ud for the passage of the new slllle •Transponauon Improvement Plan (TIP)." Why, shoot, 11's already p:issed the Uouse and with :ill the hand shakm' and back ~lappin' between this country club governor and the aforc·mcnuoncd 5pccial 1111en:,ts. the Senate will surely figure that the: whole \Hile i~ bclund TIP, Slow down? Come oft 1t. Secretary of Tran5portation Jim llumngton and h1' \hop arc alrc;idy two Mcp:. ahtlld. Not only dOC$ he kno~ the governor personally. but he's had m:ips pn:pmd that will prevent confusion 1 the lcx:il dcclston-m:lling level. :o;o need to worry about \\'ho's gomg where \\ith this TIP! So, \\Ith this much 1ns1ght into )Our future. don t lose another nlght s sleep Raleigh lus once again grasped the moment and fulffiled our needs: our need for a hl&h gas w; our need for greater DCCeSS for more and mon: outlandCIS; our need for mon: highway traft11c, Including hazMdous waste b~ed ea.~t. and our need for increased development prenurcs along sull unpubllcir.cd hii;hway comdors. Why, r.hoot, there's no need 10 fuss' r.;o need 10 look ror a bus' C1vthwion rn all ih urb:ln glory v.ill soon be as close as the nc:1:1 ex11. Your Valley, KAtlWI Province, Southcm Appalachb. USA. 01' Rl1Stus Kutw1h )ourn"t p119e 211 To go naked on thh ~. To m3kc a soft bed In the fragrance of pmc needles To open an eye To the d.uk cool of night And the brilliance of ~13.J"5 To "'-:ilk m the sun's cares:. On bare ~houldcr.t. To cat wild strawberries And golden com. To drink Of pure, cold mounun stre~. And bathe tn tumbling occ:ms. To wau:h and wonder. To be a pan of this hvmg E:i.nh. So v.hy Do I measure out my hfc Jn shOpPmg malls anJ ban~ Jn hosp11..tls and cars And air-conditioning, Jn the v1olcncc ol ciucs '! The wisdom or 1hc uboriginc, The Pcn:in, the Kuna, the llopr. • ,\fury d~ /,a \'ulet1t: Government lsnnold nun Onhts knee,:, With dry, shn~ cited bps Then I enter you again: I come in.•.seeking... nccding your c:mbrncc, renewal-rcdi:.covcry-rebinh. Your womb encloses me, holds me tight, indulges me in bliss. in sleep, in cirummg I awake still within you, lounge !>wec1 moments in between, then slip OUI of you i;emly, bravely then 10 face· perhaps cmbnce - the new light - ktnr Dear Ka11Wl. Ple:ise include my name on your m3iling hst for the • Biorcgional Journal of lite Southern Appalachians." I am a firm ?el1~ver 1n bioregionnli:.m and hope that by JOmrng your cnu~e that I can help deliver a message that so urgently needs to be heard. I um n graduate from Texas A&M Un1vem1y with a degree in Forc~try and I am currcntly a member of the Green Party. I would hkc 10 sum a correspondence with other concerned pcnons living in the Asheville area, and tf 1 can be of any assistance to your orgnm1.:111on please let me know. Sincerely, , W. Eric Becker 7408 LunilllS Lane (1132) Pcrry~rg. OH 43SS1 Rcce~scd To R:\'e.tl thc roots of h1~ teeth. He kneels At the hc:Jld 01 some SU!Jl'S Which lc:id up to a place or sancwary And sells wind up sold1cn To a young boy Bothcm:I by the old nun's Gummy smile. • 11111 llouser C/984 Dear Kaulah, Sure have missed getting the Kau'i:lh. Thank you so much ror your enlightened onJ rn1clhgcnt coverage of our region. Such a blessed rehcf lrom the nightly news, newspapers and such. Lo1.-e the idea of cictcndal wildemcs~ areas. and .,.ouldn"l 11 be neat and umcly 10 have bicycle and toot paths 10 crisscross all the mt~ ("'here po~blc ?) Love, Kalinda Wycoff Sumrtlct, 19811 �HELLO? HELLOl Poems offering seldom have I lhought about this by Charles Rampp begins with M e - everything seems gift for Me. enjoyment but it also ends here unless We make it rules. real I by touching ever so gently its opposites. harmless sparks matches fingers' air grip and l'rn dancing light , joyous. to see that we nre doing an issue on Peace what it means and w~t ii can mean. 1 would like to add a note of tl1anks to all the people who have resisted the contagious call to wnr most dirc4ldy by not becoming soldiers. Either by doing an Alternative Service to military "service". by deciding to dissociate from military "service" while in it, or.refusing 10 panicipate with it in any way 10 the first pince, Conscientious Objectors deserve a song of gratitude wbich springs from some of the deep, moving pools of integrity that can flow from the human psyche. If an individual hears from an inner voice that "militarism is wrong" or that it "denies the sacredness of life" or "the enemy is us" or "violence begets violence" and acts on this voice by doing nothing, or not participating in the further disruption of life, or by doing something to try, beyond violence, to change the medium of forces that createS the disruption - perhaps, we are permitting oun;elves to accept responsiblity for tlte horrors we have made for each other and allow conflict resolution to happen. Too often we have let the chaos of wnr, or suspected war, determine the rest of the pauem for human and non-human being. There is also a sea of great sorrow to be recognized for the many people who have died in the ebb of violent authority and its many manifestations. Those who hnve protested or objec1ed to brutality ll!'ld discrimination and come to futal blows with ils way, the innocem who have been killed, and the unconscionable wru.te of human life to attempt to prove group or individual power all have something to teach us: we are coming to a climax ns a species. from which we must find decisive ways of social order that acknowledge diversity. symbiosis, ond the human shadow as panners within the biosphe~ and ii:; 1en11city. - Rob Messick of Peace First! • Oy, cold ,whisking light's compassionate malh like a matador"s cloak across a turtle's nose It is a joy ... Summu, 1989 IN o. WC>l"k:I \~v.£.-lo QJT LAW u.>o.r,-t.o rv'\QM. pto..cd' peace lntely. suddenly My hand finds emptyness in pockets \ If +hut. 1$ Q.""i ONt. LE.ft A LIV£' ID LtKE tc u.ntu wt*.h ~ To Lhe &iitors: .In reac~ion to Exxon's role in the recent oil spill, I d~cadcd to return my credit cards and to. boycott JtS products. J run hoping that this might become a mass tactic if enough consumers ~ill ~~ow ,th.c~r rejection of corporate 111sens1uv11y by JOming. Enclosed is my letter 10 the president of Exxon. For ecological snn11y, rreside111. Daniel Gruham Ex.xnn Company Chapel Hill, NC M.Qma 's SoNiJ . P.O. 80:1: I 322 llou.sron. TX 77251 Cl!orl..es of Zacfu:.rlJ movi."'} f o nvard. lnto raln , stn9ln9 cta.morol.ls marches of oCcf. hu0\1S, a nc! thunder i;rl.es 0 1.lL n&r tra9tca£ name wni!~ lM drops p ta.IJ a j anci.f uC LUM , a nd fuird. they com e down to JaU. upon u s aCC w asps anc! mop~s . c!andcli.ons , d.ai.s i4:S, tetri.ers , t4b&i.es, &ws, co1vs, f;eans , otd. roof s, odd. st.ones, a ncl you! Get w e&., my son, I had bun looking forward 10 rtuiving my E:uon credit cord, l>ur ofter rhe slwmrfu/ way :f(>Uf company ucred in tltt u cenr oil spill. I co11 M longer acctpr ii . It lws becomr: r/cal' from \larlous m:wJ uport., 1/uu company was not rtady for o spill thr.f JIU, an.I /uu cut bad on vuaf emergency plans, This 1111111 disregard fur l>/J/' comuwn licrirwgt is poor c111rr:nship and 1/are111e1u rlre frog1lt lltl.tJSl<:m iLwlf. I am returning my cudir curds aJ11.l 1<ilt urge 1lll my ftithds and organua110MI t ontcurs to do till' same 1U11il your comp1111y realius that 1hr comnwn gtiod of tht planet i.s much more 1mponan1 1l:m1 the rlror1-1crm prr.'fits t{ your l.QtporUJwn )'<I'" f i.nd JOY i.n the downpo ur I tkaven s:ends iL, ca.rt.Si n:cc~ves U., so w a c!r Lnfl. LL, w ash uur &ocCLe$, quench our s plrHs, and. &y the 9L 9, tt.ve. vi.n GeL Lir~. m y d.or(lnCJ. a nd keep LL wLth you Ln l.M dri.u wtUU:rm:ss of C19e. a rcmcm&ue.c! surnm u·s 1£ci11 w hen you were Le•~ ancL w l th you r rtothu and she saM!, "Yi.sl" llo ouL and. pta.y W\ a.he r a\.n, ln a spouL of Ci£luld. 9Cor 1J thaL f or9Lv"5 our sl u&&ornesio. Say "Ycsl- . ~r Zac:fmr 11, us you S~"'J yo'4r warn.or 's SOnlJ• sa11 ··yes!" a nd "Yi:sl ~ C19uin. M1gh1y smuuly, (.flgn~) - 1'Lcf.anl• Bridl)~ Drawing on tins page by MIOILina Herring, drawmg on prcc;cdtn& poac by Chll<ld Hugey. Both for ·v,.,ons of Pc.ooio" con'"'- Jackson County p......, Nc1..,01k. Kutuah )ou.rna.t pa9.; 27 �eveors JUNE 18 FRANKLIN, NC Oury Bonnelle specking on •The Ascension Principle.• Mounuun l.igbl Network. 2 pm Dl M:icoo Community Ccnlet. Hwy. 441. For more info. call: (40l) 746-2454 llOT SPRJNGS, NC 'Wind Swirls lhc Low.~ l...cuvcs: 1':u Chi lnterptay• with J11y Dunbar and K3Lhlecn Cu!rick. Exercises for mdividuals nod partn¢rs m r11i Chi Ch'Ullll, a Chlne:ic mn11inl Ml end moving mcduallon. No experience, no pnnncr needed Prc-regisicr. SOO. Soullicm Dharmo Rcll'Clll Ccn1a, see 6(.30.7(1. 21·23 HIGHLANDS, NC Workshop, •Techniques for Nature Phoiograophcrs" with Gil Leebrick. Bm Len. wildlife photographer, and bomnist Sill Wylde. S250 includes accommodations. Appalachian Environmenl!ll Ans Center. Box S80: Highlands. NC 28741 (704) .526-4303. 26-30 GOODE, VA Chllnnnel Mel&Y at vortexes 1111d sacred sites in the northern Blue R1dic w11h Rev. Daniel Chesbro, Tom Williams. Pilot MounLllin, Peaks ol OllCr, New River, Fairy Stone Parl.. "lmportnnl work ioward cxp:inding lhc Light." Confon:n.::e, lodging S225. Pre-register. Rt. I, Box 310·A: Goode. VA 24556 '30-7n 26-30 21·25 HOT SPRINGS, NC ·seven Day Zen Soul Recharge• with Sandy Oentai Stewurt. abbot of Squifrel M1'n. Zcndo, Piusboro, NC. Prc·regrsu:r: S 160. S1;>u1hern Dbarma Retre111 Cenicr: RL 1. B()lt 34-H: HOt Springs, NC 28743. HI G ll l.AN DS, NC "Landscape Pho1ogrnphy m 1hc Blue Ridge." large f01tOa1 camera workshop with 0111.c.ebrick :md Sllln Tomi la. S2SO. See 6'21-25. 28-30 HOT SPRl NGS , NC Vipass:ano Mcditntion with Cirol Wilson Pre.register: S70. Southern Dhnrma Rc1rt:at CcnLCr, see 6/30..7fl. JULY ASli EVlLLE, NC "Mounlllin Sweet Talk; a 1wo-ac1 play fe:uuring The Folktellcrs, Barbara Freeman am.I Connie Rcg:lln·Bhuce. The play feriturcs stories and music of Appalachia presented by two very accomphshcd pcrfom1ers. 8 pm ThUl'Sll:iys through S:uurdays. 3 pm Sundays a1 lhc Folk An Center Theatre, caM of A!ihevillc. milepost 382 on lhe Blue Ridge Parkway. Ticket\ SlO, S8 in advance at MalJprop's. l-8/13 6-8 LINVILLE, NC J41h Annual Grundfother Mountain Highhmd Games. Piping and drumming, lhghland dancing. S~ottish alhlctic$. harp, fiddle. tr:lCk and field, ttilidh For more info, wrilC Grnndfa1hcr Mounw.in; Bo" 128; Linville. NC 28646 7-9 NEW MARKF.'r, 1 N STP (Slop the Poisoning) School uL the H1ghland.:t CcnlA:f. Tactics. strJlcgy, 1111d nc:twurkini; for lh05e wocking LO stop industrial polluoon. Prc-rcg1su:r. C:!ll Highlandu 01 C6JS) 933·3443. 12-16 lll Ci ll l.Al'\OS, 'llC "Edible V1s1ons· worksho11 un food pl101ogniphy. Wild foods lor:ig1ng. Mllrlha Strawn. Head of Phologr.1phy. UNC·ChJrluuc. S250 Sec 6/21-~5. 19.23 lllGHLANDS, !\C "l.lllld 3nd l'cuplo: A Dcs1g" AppnXll:h• pho1ogm11h> worl.slmp wi1h Jay Dus:ird S2!i0. See W.Zl-25. ~•Luuh )ounmt JHlfJC 28 AUGUST llOT SPR INGS. NC Vipassano McdiLJtion with John OrT. Prc·registcr: S60. Soulihlm Dhnrmn Rcttc:it Center, s.:c 6/30-?n. 4-6 LAUR INUURG, NC The Summer lnsu1u1c on ·Tc:iching ConOict Resolution. sponsored by Ptofcssional D<l"clopmcnl Team. "Conflict i.s fXl" of living /1 can /Nd IQ ~10/mu and ck11ruc11on Or, 1hrougl1 rraming and pracuu, -..·~can /tarn IQ wtluc conf/ir1 as an opportumty for clwngt and i:ro-..ith." S:J.10 1ncludcs room and tioard.Wrnc to: NCCPE/NC-ESR. 214 Piiuboro St.. Ch:lpcl Htll, NC 27516. Dr:iwing by Rob Messick WAYNESVI LLE, NC ·Techniques for P-crso"nl Sclf·Transfonnntion" with Bing Esaudoro. S1il-l.igh1 Rcucnt Ccn1cr; RL l. Box 32~: Waynesville, NC 28786 (704) 452-4569. 23·27 25-27 NEW MARKET, TN STP (Stop lbc Pois0ning) School 3t the Highlander Center. Tactics. str:11cgy. and nc1worklng for those wor¥ing lO stop mdusltial pollution. .Prc·cegistcr. Call Highlnndern1 (61S) 933-3443. HlGHLANDS, NC •women's Adventure Weekend" • bnck.·packing, visuati1.0tion. relPation wllh Nnncy Shaw Discussion; lier Mo1hu·~ Daughter For info, write The Mount.1in; 841 Hwy 106; H1~hla11ds, NC 28741. 25-27 f>.11 9-13 lllGUl.Al\OS, NC "Ahcmattvc Londscapc· • pho1egn1phy wo1kshop with M;anlyn Bridges. author/photogr.apbct of Morlm1gs: AeTlal t'ic11 $ oj Sar.red lAndscupa. Tran~cending the u~u:il w;iy of pcri:civing the environment IO :irrwe aJ new way$ UJ whicli 10 view the Earth. S250. See 6121-2S. 18·20 uo·r SPRl ... GS. NC Three I.ilks on "Zen and Western Philosophy" by l..ou f'ior.h1rom. PhD. ord;uncd Ztn monk formerly wi1h the Ztn C"111m11n1I) ol NY l'rc·rcgutcr: S.7.5. S ;u1hc:1n l>hQrll\ll Rc1rca1 Ccnttr. $<.'C fi/30-7(1. SEPTEMBER 1-4 ll OT SPRINGS, NC Mindfulnc~s Mcdiution and Everyday Life: Rclntionships and SeAualily wilh Sui;an AugcMtcin. "MinJ/Mfncs, m~diturion endbl~s u..• to src life IJJ II (ICllUJl/y is Ill ,,, IOtality • Ptc-rcgi~ti:r: 590. Southern OharmJ Rcirc.a1 Center, sec 6/30-7n. 1.5·17 WAYM-.SVI LLE. "C Thc Pr.ii;11cc of ·n1Ct:1pcutic Touch" with SuL1 Ccrmak1~. S11l-Ught Rc11ca1 Center: Rt. I. Box 326: Wa)111:svillc. NC 28786 (70-IJ .!52-4569. 0 1'1·'22 ,\Slll,VILl.1~, NC tn1crn11tu>n,1t C1111fu, nu en l'mlcways, Gr(tntH1J1. or.ii R1vcr..c1ys l lit 11'.-v \fort Btriu11jul llihon Inn f're·regmrauon r~q111rcJ fill more mfo, Cllll t\pp::il;1,h1an Con~nau1n ('7Qel) 2C.2·2CJ6.$. Su1111nc1, 191}9 �~Water Sys1em1 WATER PURIFICATION EQUIPMENT SOLAR PRODUCTS Mamber NC Waler Ouallly As50C1a11on HWY 107 RANDAL!. C LANIER RT 68 BOX 125 704·293-5912 CULLOWHEE, NC 28723 (704) 26+-7242 31 S E. King Street, Boone NC 28607 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-'-~~~~ Clti11ue "''11p1111ct11re DESIGNS b~ "' n t:D'LC'LN'.E A.LL'L'.ES Jlerllgiglll Cli11it Rob :'.. l~s~ic k lllustmlion & Dt>~1~n in Pen & Ink and color«< l Pc·n•il Mil llARY RADIOACI IVE LANDFILLS This c1l11<•n g111dt• I~ 1h1 htst compl"l'hcrwve wn cy ol tht rud1<>il(Cb\·c (ontaminallon •••used b> th' pn>du<l1<>n .,1 m1dl'1r ''"~P•ln' Vr1111/y Urfrnst nplJms h<Jw nu<l.:Jr weapoM 4t< madl' hl1W rddh»lrh\'<.' "'~''" '' gt·1wra11-d, Jnd whl'rc lhl' ronlJm1nJtl1111 I• >prc,1d1ng; the 16 pnnMn nudcar \\ ,)..trcm-.. JJi.,litic,. •re ,•x.01m1rh..J tn • d1•t.11I In dddlunn tu ttu murt· than bO mdP", di.,gr.im' phoh._, and 1o1bl1» In th1~ li't}.p.1gcbt1<.1lo., t>Mh 11r.:kr ".l«ompan11"ll "' a dr.1ma11c ~-«ulur II" 22 m.tp shl1wtni; lran•p.. r1,111t111 mu It's u<t.J in lh•• m.111Ufo(· tu r, u1 nucl"·.u \\ .:apon' To ordt•r, >•.'0•1 :>I~ lo L•lt•r.ilurt· Pepi , K.1d10.I• W,,_t, ( ollllj'.llJlll, N'"' Y<or~ , ='' IXll2 Ill,. !>~5 llJ'UJd\\'d\ , 2nd floor "''-=.... .=..,~ 'I I~ ~~ BARE.ESSENTIALS :J .... Natural Foods .... Organic Produce Biodegradable Diapers •: Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains :. Vitamins & Supplements Wheat, Salt, & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes •: H air & Skin Care Products :. lu 200 West Kini! Street. Boone NC 28607 Ill ~ \.... ~~"=" 704-264-5220 ~· In 1bc 11adiuonal Cherokee Indian belief, the cremurcs in the world 1odny an: only diminuiuvc fonns of the mythic beings who once inhabilcd the world. but who now re$idc in Galuna'li, the spirit world, the hlghCSl hca~cn. Bui a few of the original powers broke lhrough lhe spirilU31 bamcr and .:itlSI yet ln lhe world as we know •L These beings 111e c:lllcd wilh revcn:nce "grundfathc.rs" And of 1hcm. the suongcst 111c KQl\Qti. the lighllling, the power of the sky; Uis:i'na1i, I.he raulesnake. who personifies the power or the earth plane; and Yunwi Usdi, "the liule mnn", as ginseng is culled in the sncnd ceremonies. whodr.iws up power from lhc underworld. Each LS the sllongest power m its own domwn. Togclhcr they arc :iUics: their cncrg.ies complement each other to ronn an even grca1tr power. As medicine allies, they repl'\!SCnt the healing pQwcrs or the Appalnehian Mount:iios. The medicine powers of K!!ltiilh have bctn depicted m 11 striking T-shirt design by Ibby Kenna. Printed in 4-color silkscreen by Ridgcrunner Naturals on top quality. all-couon shins, they~ &\·ailnble now in 311 odu.11 si1.cs through the Kalanu bio.regioWll mall-order supplier. Onler shirlS from: KRL RNU Box 282: Sylv;:i, NC Ka1Uah Province 28779 Plc:ise specify ~1.e: Sm., Med., lg., X-Lg. _J~ Cost: S9.50. 111Cludcs ~ge (NC raidcna plo:ae .xi S~ ulC$ LU.) -~~~ 'PJ~e,, 'JWJ\!WI 'Naty.r~ KRLANU T·SHIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN BIOREGIONRL BOOKS ANO TOOLS FOR LI UING IN APPALACHIA ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NAT URE DESIGNS CALL or WAITE IOI' FREE COLOR CATALOG Natural Food Store & Dell TI11: bc$t ICJlt on 0.:Cp Ecolo y. Saacd Land Sncred Sex. Rapture 160 Bl'OIM1Wsy Ashevllle, NC 28801 Whef'9 ~ tNeta t.llrrlmon Ave & J..2«> or Lbe Deep by o,iton:s l:lOrnpcllc wt' ~lror:.Jd bf! glad 1/wrw<' l'.a•cJ uuchcrJ.Judi as Dolum iAG/iapellt • • Kli!Ual1 J0111ll3112J OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday-s.tulday: llam·Spnt Soodsy; lpm-Spm P. Q S\4rn rner, 1989 S23.00 (l'ricco lncludcsJIOlb£<!) r.:a OrJu[rom: KflLRNU Bo~ 182, s,l•a, NC, KDI~ Pr"'·'nt:" ~'C ,~,,/Lille ..,t,f j~ .~Ja 28189 �DRUMS· Custom handcrafted ctramic dumbccks &; wooden medicine drums. Call Joe Roberts al (704} 258-1038 or write to: n8 Town Mountain Rd.; Asheville, NC ~- ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY on beautiful land nc:lf Cherokee, NC scclr.ing families dc.<;iring gr;:41cr cooperauon and sclf-wfficiency. Based on Spiriwal and ccolog1cal values. Propcny now av:iilablc. Call (404) 778-8754 ror info. Tht NatiqnQ/ Dlrtclor;y of Hollmc Practi1ion.tr1. llt!oltrs, Schools. Centers, and Rttrc.its is looking for listings. Make your skills nv:ulablc. Prices and more info on re11uc~t: MichJcl Rosenblum: The Notional Directory.... ; P.O. BoA I'.!733; GaincsviUe, FL 32604 FOREST BIOLOGIST • PhD. to teach corw:rv:ulon, pllllll i.:u<onomy, gcncrlll biology, wpcrvisc work crew (studenlS) m mo.nugemcn1 of 600 acres of college foco:i;L Rescarclt with undergrads encouraged Send resumt io: V. Collins: W11rren Wilson College: 701 W11min Wilson Rd.: Swannanoo. NC 28n8 THE VITAL CONNECTION WANTED. LANO in We$tem NC. Family seeks 5 or more acres. preferably ni:ar Cullowhcc, m preserve :uid eventually inhabit If you have or know of al!ord:iblc lmld, con1ac1 Bob wid Mary 0Jvis; 213 Wcsunoreland Ct.; Ccorgetown, KY 40324 (502) 863-4267 Long Bn1nch Center needs ~olurucctS{mtcrns 10 help w1111 orc:h:1rds. gllrdens, farmwock, rainbow trou1, cncrgy-cfficienl bwlding, cnvironmenuiVwiJdlifc/pcrmacuhure issues nnd orgamring. Room and board negoti3ble. Paul Gallimore: LBEEC; Rt. 2. Box 132; Lcic;c:;ter, NC 28748 rituals, roles, :ind relationships from I.he on:hctypul memory of the pnst., present, and future. S3 to Colleen Redman: One Song Scribe; l;loic 634; Floyd, VA 2A091. M. TREE DESIGNS: lllustrauo11~ and Dc~ign • Beyond the p:ige> of I.his JOU!nill, J worJ. m pencil, colored pencil. ink, cul p3pcr, uml batik. Fine and graphic :ut IO express and enhance nur lives. Logcx, brochures, book.,, portraiture, window :md wall h:ingings. Contact Manha Tree (70-1) 754-«>97. SUMMER CAMP· June 19·30, ages 6-10; Jul)' 1(}.22. ngus 11+ in th~ mounwms o{ MaJ1"°n Co.. NC. Raising the ccolog1Clll consc1ousncss or ruiurc gcncr:mons. For info, wnlC: John or Dory Brown; RL I, Boir. 84·B: HOI Springs, NC 28743. ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITY m lhe Smoky Mt'nt. of east TN. 10 acres wi1h creek. springs, views, good nc1ghbor$. Be 11 p-.irt for S8500. Dill Leslie (615) 4S3· IS38. STIL·LICHT THEOSOPHICAL RETREAT CENTER • a quic1 space for Jll!tSonnl mcdi1111ion, group inu:rocuon lhrough study, and communit)· work. and ~-pirituul semlll!ln>. Contacl l..eQn Fcankcl; RL I, Box 326: W11> oesvillc, NC 28786. ECO-HELP NEEDED Environmental Educa11on Tl/£ PEOPLE OF Tl/£ ONE SONG • booklet or SlOrieS and poems that tell or the people's dreams, EUSTACE CONWAY· Guide and teacher or primiuve E:uth Skills with emph:isis on fire building, ludo tanning. ~helter, nnd foraging. He lenchcs at 11ubhc schools, park~. c:nv1ronmcnwl centers. and classes or ntl kinds. For more 1nfom13ll0l'I contact him ill: 602 Deerwood Drive, G:i."lonia, NC 280114 or c:n1I Allcin St:llllcy :it (704) 872-7972 ADVENTURE FOODS • dehydrated foods for people who work or play 1n 1he groat ouldoors. Entree> and Jide dtsli~. Send for menu and prices. Jemi's O:irden Greats: tu. 2, Box 276; WhittiC!l", NC 28789 (7CV.) 497..4113. MOTHER'S BREATH HERBAL PRODUCTS high quali1y herbal cxll'tlcis. ointments, and oils, lovingly created. Send for free brochure 10 Rt. 2, Box 251: Vila.~. NC 28692 JOURNEY INTO THE SUCK.ROCK Wilderness Arca. Boy~. fo1.her-son, rau1cr-<bughiu ellpcditions. Learn obscJValJOll and woodcraft in the deep woods. Burt Kornegay, C><pcricnced guide. Slickrock Expeditions; Box 1214; Cullowhcc, NC 28723. MOON DANCE PARM HERBALS· herbal salve.~. tincture~ . .t oils for birthing &; family health. Rlr brochure, plea~ write: Moon Dance F31m; Rt I, Box 726: H.lmpt0n, TN 37658 FEEL EARTH beneath yoor feet - wear moccasins. Custom, r.mdilion:ll Plains lndlan style of ellcskin. S50 adull: S35 chlldtcn; SIS baby. Send foet tracing to: P<1tricl Clark.: 47 Panol:i: Asheville.. NC 28801 or co.II 2S t !!250. ADOPT-A· TREE. Trees are the gte:lt consc.rY!ltors of the pllntL The Adopt-A·Tree program will bc:lp mnkc the viUll connection ~wC(ll individual people and mdividwl ttccs. Don:itioru acccpied. For more mfo, wnte to Box 144. Sugar Grove, NC 28679 SKINFOODS • fresh. hund-mado herbal skin prcp;u-:uions a1 to:01$0nable prlc~ Send for price lbt: 106 E. Main St.: John~ City TN 37601 LEAD TESTS • h yuur plumbtng leaching IClld into )"Our dnnlingwal.C'r? Find out for sure • lcad·testing Int from the non-profit Clean W::ucr F~nd or NC. All you nc.;J for 512. Send a check w/ nJmc and address to CWF; 138 E. Chcstnul SL: Asheville, NC 28801 poisonou~ HAND-CARVED WOODSPIRITS, mystical hilung staffs, ;ind w:tll hangings by St.eve DullClln. For br«hurt, plca.-;c write Wb1ppoorw11l Studio; Rt 4, Box 981; Marion, NC 28752. FOUR WINOS VILLAGE • health and sp1t11ual rctre11t: home for chd.Jren m need. For VlSiting mfo.. write· Box 112; Tiger~ CA 30S76. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS. herbs, and organiClllly-gruwn. IDC:il produce 31 the WNC Farmc~· ~1.id:ct! Look for the Fairgkn Farms sun, uniL~ F and C 1n the wholc-<ak area ol lhc Farmrrs' M;irket: 570 Brevard Rd.~ A~hcvillc, NC (70.l) 252-4414 NEEDED: CHILO-LOVING PERSON who loves lO cook to be a nanny and housekeeper for my four children. Hows, wages neg01iable. Rm. t1nd bd. available. Asheville are<1. Cnll Morgan (704) 689-5382. RM DESIGNS · I use the media or pencils. colored gou::iche. pen and ink, and photography m cre:itmg unique line :md grnphic nn I cnn make di11gr:1111~. logo!<, fini~hcd prints, nnd dei;igns ror brochures, <:alcndcrs. cards, book.$. eic. Mandal!ll nnd symbuls nre my tendency among OLhcr s1ylcs. Contacl Rob Mess1rlc (704) 7>1-6097. pencil~. ARTS CAMP • nn intcgrutcd ;in c~p¢ricncc for cluldrcn 4-14 at Marshall Primary School monungs. Chiltlrcn's Ans tn lhc MounuuJl.'I. For schcdul~ mro. call BclSCy StllQChaJ ut {70-1) 689-4699 or El11..:ibcUI Roberts :u (70l) 2S!l-8647. EARTH REACH EDUCATION ASSOCIA TIOI' ltJching prin1111ve skills to c.bildNn and adulLS. Robert Marun, Jr. 11nd Jeanne Moore: Rt. I, Box 178-A: Fcrrum, VA 24088. GREENS BIBLIOGRAPHY over 800 entries on tho: intcmimonol Green pntt.ies 11nd movcmcru. SS {domcst", include! postage) w J;iy Michael Ochs: 443 Mnrkc1 SL: Williamspon. PA 17701. WE.BWORKING 1~ tree. Sent.I submissions Ul: Kotc<ah Journal P.O. Boll 638 Lc1cc.~1cr, NC Katuah Province 28748 Si.unmt:r. 1989 �The KatUtih Journal wants 10 communica1c your thoughts and feelings 10 the other people in the bioregional province. Send them 10 us as letters, poems, stories, anicles. drawings, or pho1ographs, etc. Please send your contributions to us at: KatUah Journal; P. 0. Box 638: Leicester, NC: Katuah Province 28748. ISSUE THREE- SPRING 1984 Siutainabl4 Agricul1111c. Sunnowcts • Human lmp•cl on th1t Forc!l'.I - Childrcns' Edue&1lon Veronica Nicholu:Wonum in Politics • Uulc People-Medicine Allies Wild habitat is disappearing. The wild creatures are disappearing and wilJ be gone unless brave humans Ulke note and act. The imponance of habitat to biodiversity and the effect of human beings on the natuml systems in Southern Appalachia will be the topic of the foll issue of the KatUah Journal. For aUthings wild! Topics for funher issues include Children; Wellness; and Crealing Nurturing Cultures. Please send ideas, suggestions, anwork, and possible anicles on these and other subjects. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH AVAILABLE ISSUE SIXTEEN· Swnmcr 1987 Helen Wal10 • Poem: Vls1ons in a Oudcn • Virion Qucn • Fini Flow • lnilutlon Lctmina in !he Wilderness • Chciolcec Challcngi: - -Valuing Tn:ca" ~LJAH JOURNAL ISSUE FOUR SUMMER 1984 ISSUE El<lHTESN - Winier 1987-88 Water Dnlm Water Quality • Kudzu . Sow Ech!'S¢ . Cl411'CU1ting Trout - Ooing to Wallu Ram Pwnps • MictQhydro · Poems: Bcnrut lee Sinclair. Jim Wayne Millet Vc:mamJlu Aichiiecllll1' DrCfnU m Wood and Stone - Mouniam Home Earth Energies EanJt.Shcllered Llving • Membrane Houses Brush Sheller • Poems: Octoll£r Ou•k • Oood Mcdlcinc: "Shella" lSSUE FIVE FALL 1984 IUNefl . OW Ways in Chctolcec - Oinscng 'luclcill' Waste • Our Celtic Heritage • Biorcgionalism: Past, Prcunt, and Futuro • John Wilnoty • Hc31ing Dllllcncss - Politiei of ISSUE NINETEEN · Spring. 1988 Pcrlcaodra C.nlen • Spring Toma Blucbcrrics WiWOowcr Gardens - Cranny Hi:rbalin • Flower Es~ -rbc Origin of 11¥: Animols· Stary Oood Mcdlcme. "Po,,.ct" Be ATn:e ParucipnllOn ISSUE SIX· WINTER 19114-SS Winier Solstice Eanh C=rnony • Ho11Cp3S1111c R1vcT Coming ol the Ught - Lo11 c.hin Rooca - Mountain Agra.:ul1urc: The Righi Crop WiUiAm Taylor The Fuwr" of the F~ ISSUE TWENTY - Summer, 1988 l'racrvc Appa!Khian WI.~ • Hlghbnds of Roan • ~lo Communuy - Land Trust • Arthur Morpn School Zonma Luue - '1'bc Ridge• • Farmers and the Farm Bill . Ooocl Mi:dicmc: "Land" • Mid Rain Dukc'J Pov.er PIAy • ChclOk.ec Microhydro Projoct lSSVE SEVEN · SPRING 1985 Sus1Jlinabl4 Economic$ · Hot Spring$ • Worker Owncnhip - The Cn:al Eeunomy - S~lf Help Credit Union • Wild Turby · Responsible lnvcsung · WQtbng"' tho Web of l..ifo lSSUE EIGHT · SUMMER 1985 Cclcbnuion: A W~y of Ufc • Kiuuah 18.000 Ycan Ago . SIK"Rd Siles Folk Ans "' the Schools Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle PO<lllls: Hilda Downe: - Chcralccc Heri1J1gc Cenlto:f • Who Owns Appaladua? ISSUE NINE- FALL 1985 The Waldcc l'orC1t The Trus Spuk Migrating Porests • Horu Logging Swting a Tree Crop· Urban TYCCS - Acom Bread - .Mylh ISSUE TWENTY.ONE · FAil. 198ll Ch4Stnu1.1: A 1'111Ural Histmy • Rt11or1t1g the Chulnut ·Poem of Prcsctva&IQO and Prai""• Continuing !he QuCSI • Forests and Wildlife Cllcsmuu in Reaional Diet Chu1nut Re.sources Hotb Note. • Oood Medicine: •Changes 10 Cmnc" - Review: W/lu41 uimdl Li~ 8IOREGIONAl.J0oRNAl OF ™E SOUTMERll APPA~IAN$ ISSUE ELEVEN SPRINO 1986 Community Planning • Cities and Ille Bi.mgional Vision • Recycling . Community Oindenlna· Flo)'d Counly. VA. Oasohol Two Biorcaional Views Nuclear Supplement Foar11c 011111C$ - Oood Medicine: Visions ISSUE FOURTEEN- W1111er 1986-&7 Uoyd Carl Owlc Boogcrs and Mununas - AD Species Day - Cabin Fever Un1vcrsil)' Homclcu in Ka1uah • HumCl!Ulde Ho1 War.c Siovcmatcr"1 N11tTa11ve • Cood Mcd1cmc: lnicnpcc= Communicallon ISSUETWENTY-'IWO-Wintcr. '88.S9 OlobaJ Wamnng • Fire Thi. Tune Thomu Bcny on ·sioreaio#J" - Eu1h Ellmi.sc • Kon: Loy McWhinu An Abundlnceof£mp1incss L£TS • Chton1clas of Floyd • Dany Wood lSSUETIURTEEN. Fall 1986 Ccn1er For Awakening- E11Wicth c.Jlm - A Ocn11., Du.th • Hospice - Emc.11 \foraan • Dcalin1 Crc•tively with Death • Home Burial Bo~ • The Wake - The Raven Mocker Wooclslorc and WIWwoods Wi<dcm - Good Medicine: Thai Sweat Uxfl:" ISSUE FIFTEEN -Spring 1987 Covcrlets • Wonu.n l'or-CSlct -Susie McMalwl Midw1(c • Ahemalivc Contraccpuon Bioscxualil}' • Biorcgional1SJJ1 and Women Ooocl Modicme: MJllriachuial Cultuni • ~ ISSUE TWENTY-TIIR.E.E ·Spring. 1989 Pisgah VUlaac · Plmcl At! - Orccn City Poplar Appeal "Clcu Sky" • "A N"w E.vtl1" Bbc:lr. Swan - Wild Lovdy Ou-µ • Rov1c:w1: Soucd Land. Sacud Sa, Ir• "'" - Poem: truavtes . The a-Chin T111111 ISSUE TEN - WINTER 1985°86 Kate Roac:s - Circlet of S101111 • ln1cmal Mythmaltilt& • Hoh•lic Hco.ling on Trial Poems: Sieve Knaulh • MylhiQ PlacC$ • ~ Uk1ena·s Talc - Crysial Magic: • "On:.mspcaltina- ~U AH JOURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Mamie MuJler (704) 683-1414 Regular Membership........ SlO/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Conmoucor.....................S50/yr. Name Address City Area Code Summer, 1989 Enclosed is S ro give this ejf an extra bOost on State Phone Number "Sudden Tmirils" Zip l can be a local contact person for my area Back Issues Tssue it __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue 4# _ @ $2.50 = $_ _ rssue # _@ $2.50 = s__ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Complete Se1 (3-1 J , 13-16, 18-23) @ S35.00 = $_ _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 24, Summer 1989 Description An account of the resource The twenty-fourth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on peace in the mountains: settling controversies; a look at the Oak Ridge Reservation; and promoting peace through community building. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Judith Hallock, Patrick Clark, Richard Lowenthal, Heather Pittillo, Marnie Muller, Rob Messick, Will Ashe Bason, Marnie Muller, Milo Guthrie, Mary de La Valette, "kent," Jim Houser, Charles Rampp, and Melanie Bridges. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Deep Listening by David Wheeler.......3<br /><br />Life in Atomic City by Judith Hallock.......5<br /><br />Hiroshima Day 1989.......7<br /><br />Direct Action! by Patrick Clark.......8<br /><br />Planting a Tree of Peace.......9<br /><br />Community Building and Peace by Richard Lowenthal.......10<br /><br />Peacemakers: A Resource Listing.......11<br /><br />Ethnic Survival.......14<br /><br />Black Mountain Pairing Project.......15<br /><br />"Battlesong": A Poem by Heather Pittillo.......16<br /><br />Growing Peace in Cultures by Marnie Muller.......18<br /><br />Review: The Chalice and the Blade.......20<br /><br />Natural World News.......22<br /><br />A Children's Page.......25<br /><br />Drumming.......26<br /><br />Events Calendar.......28<br /><br />Webworking.......30<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Peace movements--Appalachian Region, Southern Community life Oak Ridge (Tenn.) Sister Cities North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Children's Page Community Ecological Peril Electric Power Companies Glossaries Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Western North Carolina Alliance Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/1f2e1b45f5e29afd5e7816d6d6f26b51.pdf e62be1d7412c88f48ec27a25918ab429 PDF Text Text ISSUE 26 WINTER1989-90 CHILDREN $1.50 �~LJAt-t JOURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Postage Pa1d l Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 �Coming of Age in the Ecozoic Em .............. l by Tlwma.1 Berry Kids Saving Ratnforest................................4 b) Sama/a l/ir.H Kids' Treccyding Company............ .......... 5 ConOirt Resolution and the Family............ 6 by Ellie Ki,,cade Developing the Creative Spirit. ...................!i h\· /.i1uia J1c1mer The Balloon is a Unicom ............................9 b) Art.1p1ri1 Swdio Birth Power.................................. ............ 10 b) luc111da Flodin amt .Wanlru Pnk111s Birth Bonding........................................... 11 b\ Jan \'erJiaexhe Coming of Age in the Ecozoic Era The Magic or Puppetry: An Interview with Bonnie Blue................ 12 by 111omas Berry by Chriltinll \.forri.w11 uiul Karc11 n mk1m Horne Schooling..................................... 15 II) 001111 Wnmiward and Trilli Scver111 Ceremony................................................ 16 Trailin/llud Mother Earth: The i\atur;1l Classroom.......... ..... .. ... . •IX 111 Sma11 Grie.mwicr Bmdegradable Diapers............................ 1R lw Al'l\'a .Ill/ Romm Resources............ .................................. 19 Gardening Tips tor Children ............ ..... 19 by T<>m )'n1111gblood-Pe1er.e11 \ i\atural World News............................... 20 "From the Diary of a ~1odem Child".......... .. 24 by Roh Messi< k Pocket Culture::.......................................24 by \Viii A.1/ie Basm1 Drumming......................................... ..•. 26 Fon:st Rescue: An Ecological Manifesto.............. 29 Webworking.......................................... .30 We are now at the end of the Cenozoic Era of the planet Eanh's 4.5 billion year history. During the Cenozoic time which has been occuring for the last 65 million years. most all of the lire fom1s with which we are familiar came to their foll development. The Cenozoic is nlso when we humans came into being. I lowever. this era is rapidly being tcm1inated. Not only the human, but even more so. 1he functioning or the entire planet is being altered. The climate, the chemistry of the atmosphere. 1he wa1er and the soil, our relation to the sun, all the bio~ystem' of the planet, e\en the geological structure of the planet: all 1he'e are being altered in the most extensive transformation that has ta.ken place on the planet Eanh in the last 65 millicm years. So extensive is the d1ssolu11on of the life systems of the Earth during the past century that the viability of the human cannot be taken for gr-Jnted. T he long-term survival of our children depends on understanding the depth of what is happening to the planet at present--it is essential to admit that what b occuring 1s nothing less than biocide. It also depends on rekindling a relationship between the human and the natural world that is far beyond the exploitive relauonshi ps of the industrial mode. A different kind of prosperity and progress needs to be understood which embraces the wlwle Life community. All our human institutions, professions, all our programs and acti vities need to funcuon now m this wider Life community context. It is time to evoke the emergence of a new E.'Uth period which can be identified as the Ernzoic era. Even now the shift is beginning to 1;ike place in which a relationship or mutual enhancement between humans and the naturnl world is being regarded no1 only as possible but essential to planeiary survival. I low do our chtldrcn fit in wilh 1his change . . Hea/1hy £111"irm1me111 Our children need a healthy Eanh in which to live. A sickened planet is not conducive to healthy children physically, or to their emotional or psychic security. Continued conu1mination of water, soil, air and other life syMems by unnecessary and unsound production practices is jeopardizing their future existence ao; well as that of the planet. Children need pure air and water and sunligh1 and fruitfu l soil and all those living fonns that provide the context in which human existence can be properly nunured. Only if this context is kept intact and an appreciation of it is passed on will we fulfill our obligations to our children and to the planet. Membership in the l ife Community Our children need 10 be able 10 see that they are members or the whole Life communiiy of the natural world about them, not just members of a local or even global human community. Human society as such is an abscraction. The only real community is the entire community of the natural world. No pan of this integral community has either existence Dra1< tng by Rub Mo.nick t 98S c:ontu1ucd an p. 3 �J<eLlAHJOURNAL ~STAFF THIS ISSUE: Andy Half-baker Rob Messick Marnie Muller Rodney Webb Chip Smith Richard Lowenthal Christina Morrison James Rhea David Wheeler Heather Blair EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Stephen Bartlett Will Ashe Bason Susan Griesmaier Michael Havclin Scott Bird Jack Chancy COVER by Zack Brick, age 6, of Floyd Community. Reprinted from the Blue Mountain School Calendar (for sale from Colleen Redman; Box 634; Floyd, VA 24091) THE SOUTHERN APPALJ.CHIAN BIOREGION ANO MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS PUBLISHED BY: Kanlah Journol PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mountaineer Press EDITORIAL QFACE nus ISSUE: Worley Cove, Sandy Mush Ouk WRITE US AT: Ka1Wih Journal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 TELEPHQNE: (704) 683-1414 Ka/UahJournaJ is on SkYland BBS, Asheville, NC. For information, call (704) 254-6700. Diversity iJ an important clcmeot or bioregional ecology, bolh nalUral and social. ln line wilh !his principle, the Kataah Journal tries io serve m a forum for lhc discussion of regional issues. Signed aniclcs express only the opinion of the authors and arc not necessarily lhe opinions of lhe Kataah Journal edilOl'S a staff. The ln1U1181 Revenue Service has declared Kataah a non-profit organiulion Wlder section SOl{cX3) of the lnicmal Revenue Code. All contributions IO Kataah are deductible from pcrsooaJ income tax. 'LNVOCA.TWN I think ouer ogoin my smell oduentures, My fears, Those I thought so big. For ell the ultol things I hod to get And to reach, And yet, There Is only one greet thing The Only thing To Hue, To see the greet doy thot downs , And the light thot fill s the w orld. - Inuit song STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turile Island; a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natural scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name " KatUtih" as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountai11 and the Georgia hills to the south,· and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorities for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which periuins specifically to this region, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a "do or die " situalion in terms ofa quality standard of life for all living beings on 1his planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Kat"'1h, we advocate a cenlered approach to the concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting 1he challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent information, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes thaJ Ka/Uah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. -The Editors ~ k)t,nt.er ,1989-90 �Coming of Age in the Ecozoic E r a-continued from p. 1 or life apan from the other members or the communiry. We arc awkward at this manner of thinking because many of our religions as well as humanist traditions carry a cenain antagonism toward the natural world. But now the refusal to acknowledge the intimate membership in the corrununity of Earth is leading to their own destrucrion as well as that of the planet. The next generation can survive only as functional members of this larger community. Our children are instinctively aware of this wider sense of identity. We need only foster I.his awareness. Earth Literacy Our children also need to be literate about the Eanh. They need to learn not only how to read books composed by human genius but also how to "read" the Great Book of Nature. Again, absorbing this Great Book is natural to children. Alienation from this primary educational experience has been, in our generation, the source of unmeasured disaster to every aspect of human existence. A true prosperity requires being able to understand the language of nature. Native peoples know this language. II is primarily the language of the Earth, a language of living relationships that extend throughout the universe. We have here within this Nonh American conrinent a superb natural setting in which our children can become Eanh-literate, capable of undemanding what their world is telling them. Energy Awareness Our children need to understand how to function with the energy of I.he sun and wind and the water rather than with the energies of fossil fuels or of nuclear processes. Our inabilny to use these other energies properly has led to a situation in which the planet Earth is covered with grime and poisons. These toxins are not only eating away with their acids the very stones and structures of all the great cities of the world, but they are also harmful to the planet itself. The understanding of more benign energy forms and the skills to interact with them effectively are absolute necessities for the survival of our children in a sustainable life context. In addition, it is imponant 1ha1 these energy systems be designed with sensitivity and a sense of appropriate scale. Our children also need to understand the healthy limits of their bioregion's capacity to provide energy and to suppon life. They need to be encouraged to envision a way of life that can be compatible with Lhose natuml limits. Helping children get in Lhe habit of conservation as well as recycling is an imponant step tn encouraging them to co-exist with the rest of the life community. Food Our children need to learn gardening. The reasons for this reach deep into their mental and emotional as well as into their physical survival. Gardening is an active participation in the deepest mysteries of the universe. By gardening our children learn that they constitute, with all growing things, a single community of life. They learn to nurture and be nunured in a universe Lhat is always precarious but ultimately benign. They leam profound reasons for the seasonal rituals of the great religous renditions. More immediately, however, i'> the question of physical survivaJ. With the ever-increasing loss of soil on which food-growing depends, with the rising innaiion in the economic sphere, with the need for food grown in a proper organic context, and with the crowded situation in our urban centers, the capacity of our children to grow a significant umount of their o~n food on very limited areas of Eanh will become an increasing urgency. Elementary education especially might very well begin and be developed in a gardening context. How much the children could learn! A language related to life! Emotional responses 10 blossoming and fruitful plants. social cooper:11ion, death as a source of life. They could learn geology and biology and ascronomy. They could learn the sources of poetry and lner.iture and the ans. They might even be saved from the sterile and ephemeral world of Atari. WUller. 1989- 90 Participawry Role Our children need to be prepared for their role in the fruitful functioning of the Great Earth itself, the first and greatest of all "corporations". They need to learn that the underlying role of all human corporative enterprises is to enhance the functioning and meaning and value of this primary corporation, the planet in which we live. If the Eanh becomes bankrupt there is no future for anything that lives within the Earth. The remarkable achievement of the Earth in its natural state is its ability 10 renew itself and all its living forms. There is a minimum of entropy in the Earth system_ Energies arc cycled recycled indefinitely. The infrastructure renews itself. No human process can do this. NeiLher automobiles nor Madways, nor subway systems, nor fossil fuels, nor railways, n..ir power plants, nor nuclear generating plants renew themselves_ They Inst but a few years and then rust away and the resources of the planet arc no longer sufficient 10 renew them. A completely different role of the human in relation to the Earth begins to identify usclf. One which functions in a different fashion and with different ideals from the highly entropic, exploitative manner in which our culture functions at present. Recognizing our intimate membership in the whole Life community and becoming literate in its wisdom and language, our role becomes that of dynamic panicipator. ln recognizing this intimate connecLion, we begin 10 understand and align ourselves with 1he natural world's capacity to be self-emerging, self-propagating, self-nourishing, self-educating, self-governing, and self·hcaling. Experience of the Sacred Our children need to understand the meaning and grandeur and sacredness of the Eanh as revelatory of the deep mysteries and meaning of the world. Rather than teaching them to disdain the natural world as unwonhy of their concern. it would be most helpful if our religious traditions would move toward a stronger emphasis on the glorious phenomena of the universe about us as modes of divine communicauon. In a special manner, through celebration and ceremony, our children need to observe and esteem the spontaneities of nature in our own bioregions here in the different areas of Nonh America; spontaneities that give expression 10 genetic diversity which is the most precious endowment of the living world. Without 1he marvelous variety of living forms that swim in the sea and live and move upon the Eanh and ny through the air, our own human understanding, our emotional life, our imaginative powers. our sense of 1he divine, our capacity for verbal expression; these would all be terribly diminished. If we lived on 1he moon, our sense of the divine would reOcct the lunar landscape: our cmouons. sensitivities and imagination would all, in a similar manner. be through a lunar mode of expression. So with our children, they are what they are and have such remarkable expansion of life because of that share in the natural world that they have here within the Nonh American continenL The radiance of their surTOundings is even now reflec1cd in the radiance of our children's countenances. Sc11se of History Our children need a sense of their historical role in creating this coming ecological age. 1hc F..cozoic. This future world is something that has never existed before within the context of the whole planeL We are involved in an irreversible sequence of planetary developments. For the first time an integral form of the planet Earth wi1h all its geological contours, its living forms and us human presence has become possible as a vital, functioning plane1ary whole expressing itself in its unbroken sequence of splendors tn movement and song and an infinite variety of color in the sky and throughout the continents. There 1s truth in the expression--· The Dream is at the heart of the Action. The greatest gift we can give our children is to assiM them in their dreams of a planet of pure air and water and sunlight and soil. where the community of all living beings can:.,;l!I' ~· nourii.h in the celebration of existence. A Thomas Berry noted geologian and awlwr of The Dream of the Earth (Sierra Club Books, 1988), is presently collaboraring with physicis1 Brian Swimme on a new book, The Universe Story. l'lb •'lnoenu Reny �~iftFJ. §trfilkT~ ~ftfp $11~~ ~ ~~T:P41 in '!8~&11. illus~uon by Jermain Mosely Mrs. Woods' science class at Asheville Alternative School has been studying forests and rainforests in particular. We went to the "Discovery Place" in Charlotte to see an exhibit on Rainforests and have studied about forestry in class and at Holmes State Forest. We have learned that if all the rainforests are destroyed then our oxygen will decrease a whole lot. We have also learned that the rainforests are ancient. They are very special and important to us. They give us many products as well as 1/2 the world's animals and plants. Our class is getting together and making money to help save these forests So far we have almost made $300. With that we will be able to buy 10 acres of land out of a rainforest in Belize . Jc.iiWcih Jo1Ul1Q( pllc:Je 4 ' •I We have been raking people's leaves in our neighborhood for $1.50 or more if the yard is really big. All of the people's yards we have raked, have given a little bit extra. One boy in our class raked a medium size yard with his friend tor a man and got $30.00. We have worked very hard on this project and hope that we will encourage other people to pitch in. We put pictures in the halls of our school. A few nights ago we had a woman named Mrs. Jeanne Cummings come to our school to show some slides of her 'Earthwatch' trip to a rainforest in Borneo. We had live entertainment and refreshments that night. It was very exciting for all of us. Do whatever you can to help save the Rainforests, it is important to all of us and we hope that these Rainforests will survive. / By Samala Hirst kll-ntcr, 1989-90 �Ph""'' b~ Karen W•tkin' Hey, all you people out there, have you heard of the new business Kid's T reecycling Co.?? !! It all started when our teacher started talking about how imponant trees and recycling are. We think 1hat this is a great Saving-The-Trees business and a grea1 class project. We sell all sorts of recycled paper producls like paper 1owcls. rissuc and 1oilet paper. On 1hc lirst day we only got two orders. Then we got more and more orders every day and week. We have $65.00 so far. Do you know when we get older there won't be many trees lefl? There won't be hardly any paper. Don't let 1hat happen! We all need to recycle. S1art now at Kid's Treecycling Co. We are in third grade at Asheville Alternative School. South French Broad Avenue. A ... hcv1llc. NC 28801. Ourtcacheris Victoria Maddux. You can call her in the evening at {704)- 645-4593. Call now and become a "Recycling .. Ci1i1en" -·-hy: llana Craig. l.arJ Weaver, Ken;. Wahcr,\Vill lknnen. Molly Ru ... h and Alesia Summey. l./UlU:t, 1989-90 �Conflict Resolution and the Family Conn1ct. Every family has it. Household chores, homework, messy rooms, schedule connicts, ~pace invasion~. values collisions, power struggles, and scape-goating have all been long-srnnding and universal sources of stress in 1hc American family. The quality of family life. though, is detennined not by \.\hethcr or not a family has conflict but by what they do with it. It is commonly recognized that parents have a great innuence on the overall process of dealing "'ith the inevitable conflicts that plague families. What is frequently overlooked. however, is the contribution that children have 10 make in the conflict resolution process. Children are our greatest source of inspiration and creativity; they have internalil.ed fe\.\er rules and limitations and "yes--bu1--tha1 wouldn't work bccause"s and have a natural spirit of discovery that can set the stage for new and more expansive ways of thinking. This article is based upon my own experience as a par.:nt and as a conflict management consultant and educator. coupled with the perspectives of my daughter Dana. age 14, and my son Nick, age 10. We will citplore three imponant variables which operate to affect an individual\ or a fomily'~ response to conflict: Spirit, Personality/Well·Being, and Skillfulnes5. by Ellie Kincade Spiritff he Spirit of Possibilit) Spuit is the auitude with which we approach problems and conflicts, and is the foundation of the process of resolution. Thomas Crum, author of The Magic of Conflict. makes two imponant points about the nature of conflict: ConOict js a na111ral phenomenon. We see it everywhere in nature - the magnificent beauty of mountains, canyons, beaches was formed by eons of connict. In our human relationships, from the intra- and interpersonal through global levels, the choices we make determine whether the intense energy inherent in conflict will be a del.tructive force or as Crum says. will be "the best sandpaper around for smoothing out our lives" ConOict js noi a comest. Winning and losing are goals for games. 001 for connict resolution. Resolving connict is rarely about \.\ho\ right: it's aboul the acknowledgement and appreciation of differences. Dana's summary of a positive spirit toward conflict is: *Trust one another. ,. Approach problem situations with lo\'e. (Y?u can love someone and be angry at the same nme.) t.n.rtrt'r',~90 �•Be flexible and willing lO undersl:lnd another's point of view. Nick adds: •Take responsibilny for your own "stuff' and realize thal whal you do affects others. •Anticipate your own and others· needs and try to prevent conflicts from happening. •Have a sense of humor, even when there are problems! Every family has to find its own unique way of discovering and fo:.tering a spirit of possibility for dealing with issues. Families who creatively integrate faith, hope. charity. and love, and playfulness into their everyday lives develop the flexibility. willingness and perspective to change gracefully and powerfully over time. They bring this creative power 10 every conflict or advei;ity they face. The family who believes that it is possible to find win/win solulions (rather than win/lose solutions) to their conflicb. finds them! A fringe benefit of lhis philosophy about confl1c1 1s that children (and eventually 1heir parents too!) learn that what they do and say makes a difference, thnt conflicts can be resolved v. ithout baules and that problems lhat seem "impossible" to solve arc really just challenges to human flexibility. compassion and creativity. Dana defines respect as the wtllmgness to allow each person the freedom to express their true and unique self. Affirrmng differences, making allowances, and building on those differences facilitate conflict resolution. We've grown up with homogeny as an ideal. Think about the all-American metaphor of the "melting pot" where cliversity becomes lost ma kenle of drab glop. Consider, instead. 1he image of a salad where each ingredient maintains its discrete qualities while adding volume, texture, nourishment, variety, and beauty to the whole. Each individual's personality de1ermines their preferences and style in dealing with conflict. Nick emphasizes that often he needs space and wants to be left alone when conflict arises; when he "cools orr· he is better able to talk about it. Dana usually wants to talk things out nght away, bu1 sometimes wants time 10 think things out alone. She stresses the importance of asking one another for what we need and being considerate of our different needs. Individual differences rue, in fact, one of the greatest resources in problem ~olving. Division of labor conflicts can often be easily resolved by having family members volunteer for their "favorite" chore. For example, Dana and Nick bo1h like to cook: I much prefer the mindlessness of cleaning up afterward. Dana likes carrying in the firewood and Nick builds and tends the fire. or cour.;e those preferences and inclinations do change in an evolving household, so frequent communication and negotiauon arc a musr. In a favorite 'Peanuts' car1oon. Sally is complaining, "I hate everything! I hate the whole world!" Charlie Brown responds. matter-of-factly. "I thought you had inner peace." Sally replies. "I do, but I still have outer obnoxiousness!" We all have outer obnoxiousness. the level and intensity of which is directly relatec.! 10 our general state of well-being. One's state of well-being (or lack 1hereof!) may be lhe most significant factor affecting the individual's ability to respond to conflict with tolerance, flexibility, creativity and a "Spirit of Possibility." The three of us agree thnt a bad day at school or work, exhaus1ion. pressures of upcoming events, or a general sense of malaise is often the root of our outer obnoxiousness which can lead 10 conflict. Here are several things families can do to enhance 1he well-being of individuals and the family unit: Herc are some fun ways families can develop and exercise the "Spirit of Possibility": •Play games like, "There's Not Only One Way 10 Do Anything". Discover throogh brruns1onnmg the many f>O"-s1h1l111cs m a snuauon. How many different wa)'~ arc there to m:ike p<1ll<!akcs? To plant a tree? To w~h a window? Wc"vc ycl IO find an acuvity lhal can he done m JUSl one way. Make the jOlhl)' or brrunstonnmg commonplace. so tl1'1l 11 occurs more na1urally in connict snuauons. •Keep 1rnck of "Impossible Things• that happen an the world Read and d1SCus.s news s1orics, historical evenL~. sporting accomplishmenb. amazing inventions, ulcs of survival and raniaslic JOumcys, and mo~l 1mporwuly, personal life cxpcncnccs m lhc accomplishment or "The Impossible". For example: Remember when ... ..."Nick almost gave up finding a shark's t0olh at the beach-and then found live!" ·~"Grandma 105t her diamond ring m lhc gnx:cry ~iorc parking 101 and wcnL b:lck lhat nighl and found 1L" ..."Dana though I she'd never be able to afford her trip to the Soviet Union and !hen raised all the money for tile lrip by selling hct pocll) books." Our true contcmpornry heroes arc ordinary people in ordinary cin:umslallCCS who occomplish cx1100td1nary tilings. • Acknowledge. and celebrate seasonal changes and cytlical llllnsfonmuions, e.g. watch 1hc moon wax and wane. gardcM grow. birds migraic. cocoons spin and haich. seeds di\-pc.rsc. Notice and honor developmental changes in ram1ly member;: e.g. have celebrations m honor or landmark events. bcginnmgs. endings. and annavcrw1cs-· there's always something IO cclcbrutc, rrom lo<;t w:cth to maJor rites of passage. American l1'3d1tion I\ lacking in mual. Look to other cultures and uad11ions and creaic your own! Gncve the losses and welcome the new growth !hat rollows Personalil~ Factor~ and Well-Being (I) Eyeball the week ahead 10 alert one anolhcr abou1 high ~lre5' limes and ask for cxlr'd supJ10n, e.g. Nack mak<:S school lunches when Dana has a track meet so she can get some cxtnl rest: Dan3 covers dinner when I need to prepare for a worlc'\hop. Communic~ning m advance •Experience and affinn your conna:ledn~ to tile world·•ll·latgc Mike family dcc1s1ons about what contnbuuons io m:t.lcc 10 commumty and global service projects. The needs, a~ we look around u•. arc overwhelming. Learning lO make choice~ aoout how to u<c: our personal energy and rc~rces 1s a b;i~1c hfc skill for hvang m th" age. Remember the story of 1hc person at the edge of the '>Ca, tossing beached si.arfish back mto the occan. A man appro:1chcd und '"I.ell, "Why arc yoo bothering to do tha11 Then: arc so mnny. Whm d11Tcrcncc docs it make io save a few?" 11ui person p3uscd. thought. smiled nnd, tossing ano1hcr \lllffitj\ mto 1hc sea, replied •1t make' a diffcrcnc.: to that one: •explore mull1-cuhurnl perspectives by cncuuragmg c~changc~ through pen.pals. ho,11ng mtcmauonal ''i\ltOrs, or travel D.> your g1fl·shopp1ng lhrough catalog., that \upport collage mdu\trlC\ 1n ,·nrious cuhures around the world. Dana involved our cnurc famil)·. from C03Sl to coast, in her ci111..cn-diplnmacy trap to lhe Soviet Union lhis past summer She enhanced our ·spirit or Po~1l>1hty" by making her own dream come true and ~he created a network of connectedness bctwc:cn many Sovic:ts and Americans \\ho share the larger dream or world peace. &.>Lnte.r, 1989-90 about schedules 1\ connic1 pn:vcnuon! (2) Milke \tree;,; mnnagcmcnt a family alTair. Take walks. have joint "temper tantrum'· 10 let off sicam. talk about your drc3111s, give one anolhcr massag~. have ·,1op-:icuon hug~· (prionty hug> can mltrTUp! any ac11vi1y, C\cn an argument). Plan healthy menu.' together, hsien lO music. dance. LAUGll A LOT! llavc nightly snuggles before bed. Every f;tmily ~ds to discover and invent 1ts own 'tlC'' managcmcn1 plan Suppon one another's mdl\·1du.al \l.l'CSS marugcmcnt programs, IOO. Dana ruid Nick ga>c me space for mcd11auon, racqlldball, or naps. Tran.•;pona110n to tllcir 'JX>rb. academic and ~ul cvcnL~ is a pnoruy for me. (3) Learn w1lh your ch1IJrcn wmc tools for ccn1ermg. n:laxauon 8lld sp1r11ual renewal Pra)'Cr. mcd1ta.t1on, visunli1.ation, brealhmg, }Oga, dance. ~ns. and CCr1ilm man1al JI'\.\ (p:llllCUlllfly the nuid, powerful and non-v1oleni ans suc;h as a1k1do and T11.1 Cha). arc all ways to develop a relaxed, Oc.ublc. balanced. aucnuvc, and strong poMllre. From tl11$ ccnicrcd siate at is easier to move with confidence and care through life's ngors. (oontiml<d an~ 23) �Developing the Creative Spirit by Linda Metzner Imagine a warm, lazy summer's day, sky very blue. You are on your back watching clouds roll by. What do you sec there in the clouds? How docs it sound to you? Can you move the way the clouds move? What are the possibilities? Can your imagination take you places you've never been before? Are there new ways to get there? If we are not utilizing the body-mind's creative capabilities, we are allowing ninety percent of the nco-conex --the largest and most recently-developed pan of the brain--to go unused, an ocean of untapped potenrial. The work of a lifetime, in tenns of mind evolution, is to make new connections, to use the heart-mind, the whole brain and the nervous system, to crave! to new realms on new paths, 10 envision and create ever-greater inter-relationships among things. A deeper goal of the teaching of creativity. and of an, is to offer a starting-point, a vocabulary of the spirit, tools for climbing through the changing terrain of the mind. The dilemmas of our lives are dealt with by looking not just or the problems but with them, around them, inside and outside of them, and beyond them. Imagination, "the ability to create images not present to the sensory system;· involves the creation of thousands of physical connecting links between neurons in the brain. If the neurological structures for creative thinking are allowed to develop in childhood, regardless of the end product of the imaginative thought, then the resulting system of abundant connecting links will be available to the adult as well. Joseph Chilton Pearce, m his book The Magical Child. speaks about a cenain point in childhood, especially between the ages of seven and eleven, where vmually any suggestion can be adopted and utilized by the child, if it is given without doubt or ambiguity. Wnlking through fire, healing ~·ith the hands, clairvoyance, many typ;!S of "paranormal" abilities arc really extensions of creative thinking exhibited by children given "pennission" to experience them. Here are a few travel tips for the lifelong journey of nunuring the creative spirit within ourselves and others: Play. relax, go slow. New ideas will come from places that are beyond your conscious control. Make time for them. Listen to your dreams, your flashes of insight, your intuition. Try not to label mind processes as weird or useless. Don't be shocked if you hear of other sounds, colors, or beings a child is conscious of. You arc tapping into a world Edith Cobb calls "common-plus-cosmic". Give yourself guidelines for creative activities. AJlow the mind to play with one or two small features, and explore all the possibilities: a few colors. a few textures, a musical interval or timbre. Try to have material that presents ever-increasing challenges, but stay grounded in past work. In teaching music, try to stan with the body, with movement. for every new idea introduced. JC.Qiiuih Journat p1t9e 8 "Compe1itions are for horses, not anists" (Picasso). Don't compare, rate, evaluate or "improve" anyone's work. Ask the anis1 to tell abou1 ii and get some insight into her/his thinking. Have some open rime, some open space, and some open materials. Keep a box of bright colored papers, scissors, glue, fabric. markers, pencils; loose clothes for movement: a variety of sound-makers; typewriter or tape recorder for stories. Study and learn. Be aware of how others are taking new leaps and exploring new territory. Look for examples in life of an going outside old boundaries: murals, mobiles, architecture, pantomime, storytelling. This is the same evolutionary process found in frogs, flowers, and blue-footed boobies. Look at how it's been done in other places. In Africa, animal forms become patterns on cloth; in Bali, girls dance as goddesses in a trance state; in China, a five-note scale played on bamboo pipes forms an orchesrra. Other cultures have already transcended some of the artistic boundaries that we've inherited in ours. After working alone, try working with one or two others. Your ideas may expand synergbtically, way beyond what you had alone. Learn simultaneously to respect others' crearions as you create your own. Sometimes this calls for quiet listening or watching others, or spending time with someone else's finished work. What new ways does he/she open up 10 you? A mind that craves new solutions, new paths. can leap out of trenches of conditioning and make miracles happen. This. after all, is how the Universe 1s being created, even as we speak! RESOURCES: CATALOGS • Animal Town CoopcraU\'C Ventures PO Box 2002. S:tnlll Barbara. CA 93102 • Chmabcny Book Scrvice 2830 Via Orange Way Su11.c B, Spring Valley, CA 92078 • Geode Educational ()pllon~ PO Box 106, We.~1 Che.qcr, PA 19381 • Music For Lillie People PO Box 1460, Redway, CA 95560 • Suzuki Musical lnsuumcnis PO Box 261030. San Diego, CA 92126 • World Music Press 11 Myrtle Avenue, PO Box 2565, Danberry, CT 06813 SUGGESTED READING Adams, James. The Cart 01ld Feeding of Ideas. Addison· Wesley. 1986. Amabile, TCIC.~ Growing Up Creative Crown Publishers, 1989. Cobb, Edith. The Ecology of lmDgina11on in Childhood Columbia Umvcrs11y Press, 1977. Gardner. Howard. Frames of M111d: Tht TMory of Multiplt lnttll1gtncts. Basic Books, Inc. 1983. Pearce. Joseph Chihon. TM Magical Child and TM MallU;al Child Matures. E.P. Dunon, New York. 1977 Piening, Ek.lcchan:I and Lyons, Nick. Educating as an Art, The Rudolf Si.cincr Mciliod. The Rudolf Si.cuicr School Press. NY. 1979. Reck, David. TllL Music of tM IVholt Earth. Charles Scribncr'5 Sons, NY. 1977. ~ lmdo Merzner reaches Orff music and co.directs Anspirit, a srudio of creorive orrs in Asheville. NC. She is a composer 011d arranger and direcis rlie choral group, Womansong. H.l~nter, 1989-90 �The :Balloon Ls A. Unworn These ukas /or cJ.vfik>plrJ.9 c:reattvit!I i.n mlldrcn '"" s!Jared U'ith us from A.rtspu1t, 11 i;reato-e art..s studio 1n Asm:i•1Jle, NC. 1'!4:mbcrs 1nc{Ulk: 1'frls A.rrwld. (day). 'BarrU: 'Barron (m<wcment), Norma 1Jradky (paper), Vicki. aadh~UIJ (ft/x:r ), and lmdu 1'f4Urwr (musu;). Xak.e a sefJ-portrait with pieces of coCored. paper. Choose the coCors that you.. IJorr.. as smaU: ' - mmn the most to or as i.ur9e as ~ou Llke. 1.nter , 1989- 90 �by Lucinda Aodin and Martha Perkins We need co recognize how imponant it is that women take back their power· the natural power of creation is ours. While a woman feels most in concrol of the birthing experience in her own home, it is most important that she be able to exercise her power wherever a binh should happen. Women often do not realize the tremendous reservoir of power that is theirs to tap into when they are delivering a newborn. Birthing a child is the most powerful activity that our bodies can perform, and a woman who can binh with power will be a better mother and a stronger woman. No matter where a baby is born, the mother should be able to accomplish it with the full power that is inherent in the act and with the dignity of womanhood. We recently viewed a slide show of binh as represented in an throughout history from cave glyphs to modem obstetrics. Traditionally women are shown birthing upright, strong and confident. A woman helper ·or sometimes a man • is behind her; a midwife is below and in front of her. Paintings and drawings from around the world and throughout the ages of history all depict this trinity of birth... until modem times. As the picrures draw closer to the present, the woman sinks fanher and farther back into the images until she disappears from the picture altogether. In recent photographs of operating room situations the woman giving birth is not even visible. She is flat on her back. her whole body draped except for a gaping vagina, which usually has been cut. She is not mother or a person, but a thing. Watching those slides brought home instantly what has happened since our birth power has been stripped from us. functions of her body, mind. and spirit, and she is delivered. She is not giving birth, or delivering her new-born life. She is being delivered, which implies that she is being set free ... "Deliver me from this childl" ... who is then taken away to the nurseries, to the bath, to be re-warmed after its small body is chilled. This separation creates much emotional hardship for both parents and child. But the love of a mother and a father is amazing. It reaches beyond the hardship and bonds in love with their child • but childbirth and bonding does not have to be so hard. We tend co think of power in terms of its mis-use rather than thinking of power as being healing and strong. A woman's birth power is power in its pure sense: power that is not manipulative, not selfish. Birth power is selfless. Labor is a series of overwhelming surges of energy, powerful waves. Binh is a power act. It is one way in which a woman quests for a vision and finds her pince in this life. In giving birth a woman must exercise the ultimate strength of yielding. In yielding to her labor she draws on the energy of the life foroe. Our culture tends to consider yielding as an act of weakness. But in giving birth, yielding is the strongest act. h is the strength of the whole uruversc that brings a baby into chis world. When birth is a narural act of power, a woman is not delivered. She embraces the power of her womanhood, yields to the strength of her body and her spirit, and gives her baby passage into his or her own life. Watching births we have learned that a midwife's job is to guide a woman into her power· to work with a mother, to educate her, and to help her to use her innate knowledge. It is amazing to watch the change in a woman as she comes into her power. Entering a hospiial a woman feels small and insignificant, like a pebble amid the looming technology. It is unnerving. The situation is out of her control and her mate's control as well. Every intervention tells her that she knows nothing about the procedures of birth and that her instincts arc not to be truSted. The hospital staff is in command. She is not IO yield tO the power of birth. Rather, anaesthesia takes over the We arc successful as midwives when at the end of a birthing the woman says, "I did it. Thank you for helping me." If a woman says,"I couldn't have done it without you," we have not done our job well enough. The mother deserves the credit. After all, she has done all the work. If someone were to ask us, "What is the job of a midwife?", we would reply, "To give back chc power." . ~t.UA.h . . JounwaC p"'.JS 10 �• To rcali1.C the binhing power we must first relearn the birthing process. It is an ancient process, a wise way, and generations of humaniiy have proven that it works. Then, anned with our knowledge, we must demand 1ha1 our institutions change with us. Our hospitals. doctors, nurses, anJ midwives have to allow us as women to have control over our own health - no, we as women must take control. Families will never be srrong until we take back the power of birth...and until we have power and strength in the family. we will never truly heal the Eanh. Lucinda Flodin and Manha Perkins art both motlU!rs a11d work togetlier as a midwife team in the area s11rrn11ndi11g their lwmes in the Doe River watershed. by Jan Verhaeghe Midwives nuending home binhs know the success of their calling-the welfare of the mothers and babies in their care-depends in pan on the special time immediately after birth. No midwife worth her salt, excep1 in a m.iner of life or death, would take a b:lby from the mother. What exactly is binh-bonding? Birth-bonding is the uninterrupted time immediately following binh when 1hc mother and baby establish the foundation for their relationship by re-connecting in every aspec1 of their now separate lives. The most intense and the most important period for birth-bonding is the firlit two hours but cenainly Iasis until the baby falls into 1he deep steep infants experience St!Veral hour.; after binh. During bonding, mother and child becollll! linked psychically in a way that defies our ability 10 analyze the experience. The newborn is extremely impressionable and everything that happens during this period leaves a deep imprinL The natural longing of 1he baby is to re-establish i1s cquilibrium--to be wann, 10 be held, to suck. to hear a familiar heartbeat. To be separated from the mother at this time must leave a la.sung and discressed memory. I believe bonding is visual, tactile, aural, oral, olfactory, and hormonal and occurs most easily when the mo1her holds her baby and interacts wi1h it through the senses during 1hc sensitive period immediately following birth. The "en face" posilion--touching and being touched, hearing and being heard, feeding and being fed. learning each others smells-are complex interactions that occur with case when a baby is placcd--and left--in its mother's arms. The mos1 immediate person to bond wiih a newborn i~ the mother, but it is very important that fa1hers also bond with their infantS. Fathers who have had 1he opponuni1y to bond with one child but not with another 1ell 1he same storie_, as the mothers of these children. Fathers of C-sccuon babies often are better·bonded with their infants than the mother simply because a woman who has just undergone major surgery cannot give her full allention to her infant Siblings bond wi1h an infant v.ith outsianding positive results as .... ell. Many well·mcaning physicians and hospnal personnel feel tha1 a mo1her's holding her baby for a few minuies on !he delivery table constitutes "bonding". However, true binh bonding means mother and baby are nm scpara1ed for hours or even days following 1he birth. While the imponance of binh-bonding has caugh1 the auention of many hospitals, us ~,it.er, l 989•90 specific meaning and significance has often become sacrificed to hospital routine. For citample, the widespread use of anaesthesia in hospiial binh.s continues to be common practice. My first three binhs in 1hc 60's were under Demerol and Scopolaminc, an amnesiac. With "scope;• a mother "forgets" the birth Cltperiencc and is too drugged to look at her baby who is also drugged. Twenty-four hours later, I was given my first look at my baby. I had no memory of the binh, and the baby seemed a perfect stranger. Having missed out on sucking during the minutes following birth, the baby seemed not to know what to do the first times at the breast, and I invariably felt rejected by each of my babies. I also felt inadequate as a mother. With each baby, a kind nurse suggested trying again later and went off to the nursery to give the baby a bottle. As a result I and many other women often questioned our ability not only to breastfeed a baby but to care for an infant. Later on many of us found little satisfaction in raising our young children. b:lby but to care for an intan1. Later on many of us found linle satisfaction in raising our young children. I am fonun:11e to have had another chance at childbinh and an opponunily 10 experience birth-bonding with two babies. With these babies or the 70's, one born in a hospital but with no drugs, the other born at home attended by a midwife, 1 breastfed with ease and confidence. In addition, I never felt any alienation from my babies, never knew post-partum depression, and experienced child rearing as a joyous and fulfilling experience--in my 40's. As a result of my mid-life binh experiences. I became a labor suppon person, childbinh educator. and activist. Undoubtedly the most important a.~pect of my las! 1wo binhs was the binh-bonding I had with my babies. Meeting and observing many mothers and babies over the last eigh1 years, I am convinced 1hat bonding has a profound effcc1 on how we parent and on how our children grov. spiritually as well as mentally and physically. When I first became nctive with childbinh in the RO's, I could not help bu1 noiice that mothers who expressed joy and who had an air of serenity about them as they dealt with their children were mothers who had drug-free deliveries and who were not separated from their newborn. ln 1nlking and corresponding with moihers who had experienced binh bonding with one child but no1 with another, I found the same story over and over. There were many more difficulties of every kind where there was linle or no bonding. These babies had problems feeding, cried more, were often unhappy as toddlers. The mothers often fell rejected by the babies, were frequcnily depressed, and questioned their abilities 10 mother Where there was bonding, the opposite was true. While no one wants a mother to experience any more pain than is necessary, the use of anaesthesia in whatever form is 1he factor most likely to prevent bonding. While an epidural anaesthetic (injected between the layers of the covering of 1he spinal cord) allows a woman 10 be awake, it canies with it many risks that make funherintervention likely. With an epidural, a woman mus1 lie almost motionless for a long time which compromises the baby's oxygen supply often making a C-section necessary. Even if she avoids surgery, she has no control over her body from the waist down and often experience~ headaches which further inccrfen: with the bonding process. Natural childbirth may seem an impossibility 10 women v. ho have been taught 10 fear the experience. However, with preparation and loving suppon. the great majori1y of women experience childbirth a:; an exhilarating even! with binh·bonding the a.\pcct that has the most positive long-term effect. Jan \'erliaeghe lives in tlw Hendersonville, NC are.a and provides c/Uldbirrh prepara1im1 for ho~ and hospilJl/ bin/~ XcltUM )o"-rt1.GL PIMJC l l �The Magic of Puppetry An Interview with Bonnie Blue by Christina Morrison and Karen Watkins Karuah: How did you become a professional puppetee11 You said it was a gradual process? Bonnie: J used 10 be an extremely shy, sensitive, unself-confident person. And going from 1here 10 an outrageous puppe1eer... you could ask why such a change? Kanlah: Was it the positive response to your gift with puppetS? Bonnie: I didn't have the confidence to see my gif1s. ll was playing with children. And by doing voice exercises, breath exercises, mime, developing charac1er, realizing what my body was doing when I was hunched over and covering my hean. And just grokking those things, understanding them, made me open up. That's all. I just got to break my own rules. Katuah: And do all those things your puppets were doing! Bonnie: Yeah, through the puppets I got to do them. And I got 10 realize how fun it was to run around my universe smashing my rules and "supposed to's." And then I got to see this whole new person in here that I liked! You know, self-likin~. It's so much fun teaching self-liking. Kids like themselves... they say, "I made rhis puppet and irs great! Bonnie says it's great. I know it's grear!" Kau1ah: Do you make your own puppets? Bonnie: Yes. Snooge was the first puppet I built. He's a three foot tall abominable snowman with a 2 year-old personaJity. So he says things like, "You! Come! Give me hug! Oh ho, that tickle Snooge; that make me happy!" (laughter)...That kind of lovable fella. And the show was a take-off on Scrooge; that's bow we got his name. Ka!Uah: How do you manipulate them? On strings? Bonnie: I know ... well, I'm glad you're here. (laughter) Frog: You know, its a funny thing about peoplc--thcy'll laugh al anything, won't you? AHAHAHA!! Oh, look at that- there's a gnat! Bonnie: No there's not ... Frog: No wonder I've got a headache... Frog: Right up thcre ...comc on you liule guy...(hystcrical laughter) HUSH! You might sea.re him away! ... bcre be comes!! (buzzzzz·---slurp!I) 1 LOVE GNATS!! Bonnie: And the other hand makes your ann move, and T don't have more hands to rn:ike your feet \lr'alk. Katuah: Oh that's great! The kids must go wild. I bet they can talk to him for hours and cell him all their feelings... Bonnie: Yeah, they do. and I.hey wanna touch him a loL. Frog: Get their hands in my mouth ... Bonnie: These arc moving mouth puppets so they·~ not on strings. I play with Mr. Frog most often in the classroom- he's a good lap puppet. Snooge is hard lo put on my lap, but Frog here... Bonnie: He does a series, Frog here. He comes to the classroom and helps me teach. First of alJ, l teach three forms of character. Physical character-when they build their own puppets they think about how we look and our differences, like hair color, etc. The second fonn is vocal cbaractcr-nol just talking but sound effects: Frog: Hi! (deep, froggy voice) Frog: .... Nyaat...... ncooow .....secceccuurp! ! Kawah: HL Frog! Bonnie: And the third form is movcment--how lo move their hands when they're making it talk. And within moving character you have the concept of gravity. For example, you Frog: Hello...about time I got outta my basket. );:Q Li4an l '' ( . don't let a puppet float because frogs don't float - they jump up, they come down. So we do this and he helps me teach gravity. The' way I do it is he begs me 10 make him walk: and I say, "I can't, I only have one hand-one hand's in your head, see? Frog: Aaarrghhh!!.... But I wanna walk! Bonnie: I'll make you hop! Frog: I don't wanna hop. I never liked to hop. I wanna WALK!! Bonnie: So then he'll say, "Hey. haven't you been teaching these kids how to use puppcts7" And 111 say "Yeah". And he'll whisper to me -and I love making puppelS whisper cause the whole class is listcning·--hc'll say... Frog: ...Maybe a couple of them could help me' walk ...??! Bonnie: So we do. A couple of kids come up and each takes one of his sticks and I say. "Now before you sum, remember we have lb exaggerate everything with a puppet. We're gonna lift each leg high in the air, bringing It far forward ... " Frog: Jllicelegs,huh? Jomrm! pa«Je 12 I I 1\: Winter, t 989-9l ' f I 1 •ll �Bonnie: And then down just a linle in front of the other leg... And then I get them going really fast and Frog'll say, "Oh this is so exciting! So exciting! I get 10 walk!" And his legs are going everywhere and he goes "AAAHHHHI!" and falls down! Major crash!... And then he goes: Frog: .... UUUUHHH ..... .AAARRRGHHH!! ....(painfully pulling his legs up) How long have you two been walking, anyway? Don't you know you don't pick up both feet at the same time? That's hard on the old frog belly... (J1ysrerica/ laughter) Bonnie: (to us) Are you alright? h's a wonderful way to show teachers how 10 use a puppet to teach a concept.The kids don't even know they're learning about gravity... they'rc having fun. try, even when it comes to folding a piece of cardboard. Third graders will say, "I can't; do mine!" And I'll say, "Silliness!, of course you can! If r gave you a snowy hill and a piece of cardboard you'd bring it back to me loonng like a rag!" And then every time, no mauer what it looks like, I'll say, "Perfect!, wonderful!, you guys are so good!" Katuah: Do you stage any productions in your program? Bonnie: No, I don't have time. First I do a demonstration of puppet types. I bring in shadow puppets, string puppets, rod puppets and scenery puppets--trccs that talk. And full size body puppets like Momma and Baby Dragon. Ka!Uah: And they're getting their bodies into it, so it's not just this abstract concept. Bonnie: According to Dr. Joseph Chilton Pearce, who wrote The Magical Child, children ICMn best when rhey use their bodies. That's why they'll be banging, clicking, rocking ... and then they're told to sit ~till! But a lot of rcachers now are using this idea. They say,"When r reach syllables, we drum! Katuah: And your kids also make their own puppets, right? Karuah· They must love having a puppet to take home. Katuah: And do their kids get out of hand when they're with you ... because they need to let loose? Bonnie: No, actually they don't. The thing is that Lhcy're not very creative - they're afraid to try. In classrooms where the teachers are saying "very good," "good for you," "my class is so great!"-- the kids can't wair. They Slllrt throwing their voices right away, they're anxious 10 explore new ground. But where the teachers are afraid and need to have "proper" behavior, the children arc afraid 10 Wlnter, 1989-90 Bonnie: I encourage the teachers to follow up. And after creating and learning to use I.heir puppet I let each one come up and do something wilh their puppet for the class. So they really discipline themselves and focus on it and create an imaginary friend ... and. you know?, its not really imaginary anymore. Katuah: Most kids are taken out of their imaginations and into "reality" way too soon. And all the creative potential that's losL.. Bonnie: It's true. The imagination is a preuy special space. C first learned this watching mime anists. Totally blank scage and they create imagcs...pulling ropes, falling in love, picking a flower. And the audience secs the flower, a yellow flower and it smells like a daisy .... I do a story called "The Fishes' Wishes", where puppets are by a nver, going fishing and there 's a troll under a bridge and all that. And once a 3 year old came up afterward and said, "How come your feet aren't wet after standing in that river all that time?" So there's a magic that goes on between audience and performer... that realm of imagination where you can walk without your body and be there with other people. And it's a place of extreme pleasure. Katuah: It's also unportam for kjds to work through their feelings with fantasy. Like dolls --it's play therapy. But \\.hen they get past second or third grade they get messages that it's not ok to pretend. they're not supposed to play dolls (especially boys). And puppets give them that okay. Bonnie: Yes. They bring in an old sock, knick-knacks, buttons, lace, etc .. and I provide the furl) hlllt and moving eyes. Bonnie : Oh gosh, they love these puppets. First they glue the fabnc mouth pieces together, which 1s prcuy challenging, and I take it as an opportunity to affirm them. Number one, when you're working with puppets you cannot fail. Anything you do 1s brilliant, and the more you do of it, the beuer. So they make brides, punk rockers, little girls, a lot of dragons. Then I say, "Go home and empty your junk drawers!" And the next day they bring in all kinds of stuff to decorate them. Fabric, nut shells, boule tops, yarn ... and we lay a big pile on the table and I insist that the children do all the choosing. And some teachers just can't sra11d it. They'll say, "Red and orange don't match". So I say, "But it doesn't maucr with a puppet- the wilder the beuerl Let's see what it looks like." Its just the "shoulds" we all learned as children that they're passing on ... Kaniah: So you leave them t0 create plays on their own. Bonnie: 1 think kids are pretty willing to pretend up until third or fourth grade. Mostly sixth grade is the oldest age I work with. People are afraid to try puppets with older kids. Kauiah: Why? When I introduce Momma Dragon I say, "One of the things we're going to study is character- physical, moving and vocal differences". And while I'm doing that I'm putting her head and hands on and I say, "Has my physical character changed, by the way?" And they say, "Yeah!" And I spread my body out and start breathing really deep and take a big, slow step. By then they're backing up, staning to squeal. Then I slowly tum around and make her look at one of the kids who's not backing up 100 much. And then I come forward and swallow that child! Katuah: Oh my Goddess! You're kidding! Bonnie: No--the head is so big it could encompass your whole body. And then she stands up and says "YUMMM• " And that's how I begin the program. Then they stan thinking about what they want to make, and the second day, we glue the mouths of the hand puppctS together. Then the third and founh days we finish the puppets and the fifth day we do skills ... breathing, talking, eye contact, gravny, moving. sound effectS. Bonnie: In America, people think puppets are for children ... in the European countries people know puppets are for all ages. And puppetry is also fairly new here, whereas it's thousands of years old in Europe and the Orient. I love the origin stories. I know there used to be puppets of Jesus that opened and closed their eyes and mouths, and most of these were burned during inquisition times--and I imagine so were the puppeteers! And in Java the puppeteer has been their spiritual teacher for cons. He goes from village to village and sets up his scrim and docs a shadow production for 2 or 3 nights ... and of course they don't have lights, so they use the fire. In India and Java they call the veil of the shadow scrim the "veil of the worlds". Kauiah : There arc so many ways to use puppets that most people aren't aware of. I taught French 10 a kindergarten using a puppet who only spoke French. He'd tell me he was embarasscd cause he couldn't speak English and was afraid the kids wouldn't like him. So immediately the children said, "tell him we'll continued on next page JC:ol.UM Jo14rnoC pcaqe 13 �speak in his language!" And they all wanted to learn French so they could talk to Giuseppe. Bonnie: How perfect. I'd really like to work in the depths of the education system and give teachers the tools to usc ...altcmatives. Most are so frustrated with all the paperwork. They say, ''I used to be able to do art work with the kids but I don't get to have fun with them anymore." gone into ans. And their parents have grown up with very little ... but through this program they meet so many different kinds of artists. It gives them an idea of the world other than T. V. and their own backyard. When I first staned "'ith Mountain Ans I was just going to perfonn and teach abou1 puppets. And then I gor the idea for having kids make 1he1r own puppets and so much has come out of it--all the characters- I had no idea. Katuah: Do you ask teachers to stay in the room while you're there? Karuah: Getting the kids involved ... expressing rhemselve~. Thar's the magic of i1. Bonnie: I like the teachers to be there and pick up on it and help our. And I've also had teachers inhibit the class wnh their "supposed to's". Especially with the sound effects. That drives teachers crazy 'cause they've spent all year teaching the kids not to do those things. And then I'll say,"Lct's hear your voice. let's hear it loud!", and the kids arc going wild and the teacher's looking at the door...(laughs) But they've got to realize they can let it all loose. They can take a puppet and be fun and make the kids laugh and they won't lose conrrol or respect, they will gain it. If they dare to share with a child in their realm, then they've gotten inside and can teach much more effectively. If they'll go into the child's world rather than criticizing the child for not being m the institutional world ... Bonnie: The primary value is definitely expression--in every form. in any form--and the accep1ance of that expression. Self acceptance: teachers accep1ing their self-expression, children accepting theirs. teachers accepting children. and children accepnng teachers. At the end of my program when the kids introduce their puppets 10 the class. every once in a while I'll get a teacher who'll do it, too, and the kids love it! They'll say."Wow!. she made a voice for her puppet"' And I know the teacher might feel like an idiot. especially when she's supposed to be a standard in a group and she's asked to do things that are real weird and silly. So going through and daring to feel that sillinesi. and create an expression--daring 10 do that is. I think, the greatest transformer. I've seen it first of all with myself, ho11. brave I've gouen, and I've seen it with the cluldren. In 1his process I've taken a close look at life and how we hold ourselves, the way we look. our hean area. With a puppet. if the bean's covered you know how Lllat feels • it's sad. And with love you're throwing it out. With anger, you cover it, tum it away. look down the long nose. I teach those types of expression. Katuah: Their world ... Bonnie: It's not even the teacher's world - it's the 'supposed to be' world. And they were taught 11 and they're still trying to be very good at it. But there are lots of exceptions... like Mrs. Thompson in Brevard. She takes her lcids out and teaches them to plant trees and grow seeds and mke care of animals. She teaches respect for nature. And she docs ii on her own. Katuah: What's your feeling about the Mountain Arts Program? Karuah: You're reaching a 101 about human relations and the self--much more than just "puppets". Bonnie: h's wonderful. The thing I love about it is we're touching the really rural communities. If it wasn't for Mtn. Ans those kids wouldn't be gelling hands-on contact with artists very often.They have strong spons programs but not a lot of funding has Bonnie: Teachers will say, "Kids that never talk have their puppets talking!" Or, "I learned so much about this child from his puppet and what it's saying." Sometimes I see children who might be abused at home and they'll punch their puppet or the JC.citiwh Journa! pciqe t 4 puppet 1s very aggressive and wants 10 chew and bite. So I might say to the puppet, "What's your name?" And the puppet says. "None of your business". And I say, ''Well aren't you glad to have a boy like this?" "No. I hate him." And I say, "But he sure did a good job making you. that I can say for sure". And the puppet gets quieter, softer ... So I plant a little seed of positive. It's all I get ume to do but it could be taken so much funher. That's why I encourage them to hug the puppet... Katuah: And make friends with their puppet. Bonme: Yes. Because they're expressing to themselves, talking 10 themselves. Another 1hing about problem children ... If you have a class of twenty-eight kids and one or two are hyperactive or disruptive, the teacher usually puts them in the hall because she doesn't have 1ime to deal with them. So I know that child is lacking love. Love really heals a battered child. So the disruptive child I find. which doesn't happen much 'cause with puppets even those children arc usually pretty engrossed ... Karuah: They just want a little more attention from you. Bonnie: Exactly. And that's what I give them. I give them what they wanr. I make them come up front and hold my hand. I'll pat 1heir hand or put my hand on their shoulder if they'll let that happen. And I'll say, "you need to hold my hand, that way if you don't hear my message with your cars, you'll feel it from my energy". I reach them about communication without words. I'll use gesture and mime and rouch because the problem children need to be touched. Katuah: Do you wish you had more time to spend wnh each group? Bonnie: Definitely. It'd be nice to teach puppetry as a full time cumculum. If you have a good puppet teacher you can have art and thearre in the same school. .. and you don't have to use only puppets. You could combine creative writing, theatre and an .•. And you might be doing Midsummer Nigl11's Dream so conum:cd on p. 28 WLntcr, 1989-90 r �by Doug Woodward and Trbh Severin There arc many different reasons pan:nts might want to teach their children ut home. As parents, the two of us panscularly want to nurture in our children the 4u.1lities of love crcativuy. mdcpendcnr thinking, enthusiasm for learning, a po~11ivc ..elf-1mage. and a spim or co-opcra11on (rather than compctiuon) with others. As there is no altcmauvc school in Macon County where we live, we at one point were seriously considering moving to an arc:1 that offered a good choice in alternative education Then we heard mention or homeschooltng and decided that maybe the quality education we sought could best be provided right here at home. The "social problem" often mentioned in connection with homeschooling gave us pause. however. We were afraid that our young one> might become isolated at home and not have enough interaction with other children. Our worries were needless. We found that there were many other families involved in homeschooling m our area, and that there were plenty of activities planned to bring the homeschoolers together. The more we read and the more we interacted with other families, the more assured we were that the "social problem" of homeschooling was not a problem at all. As we watched the children interactmg in small groups, we could not help but think it was a favorable co.1trast to the usual social experience found in a classroom of 25 or 30. If, like us, your family is interested in homeschooling, you might find that you are not as alone as you might think at first. Even in rural Registration The suuc of North Cnrolina requires that 11 child be registered by age seven for public, private, or homeschooling. For informauon on Ille requ1remcnis f0< regis1ntlion of homcschoolcrs, wmc: Staie of North C..olma Division or Non·Public EdllCllltOn c/o Ron Helder, DIJ'CCtor 532 N. Wilmingion SL Raleigh, NC 27604 (919) 733-4276 The states of Virginia and Tennessee regmcr homcschool children through the county bonrd$ of education. Contact your local board for mfonnalioo. areas the homeschooling population h significant, and chance~ are that the.re will be a support group dose by. Homeschooling support groups can serve 1heir member' in a number of ways. l.c:r's loClk at the children first ·1 hough it\ true that the parents can direct the kids toward rradit1on:d mu~ic cla;scs, sports activities, and classes for special skills. socializing with other homcschoolers has benefits all its own. When families get 1ogc1hcr, the age grouping is vertical and scattered. not horii.ontal as is found in an onhodox classroom. A ~ix-year--0ld might learn 1he needs of an infant. share thoughts with a teenager, and deal with adults on a personal level r.ither than as authority figures. Harmony, tolerance, and cooperation are fostered. Even wuhin the fun activities, opportunities for learning abound. For example, our group pressed apples this fall. Children involved in the ga1hering, washing, chopping, pressing, and bouling of organically grown fruit are likely to come away with more than just the mste of juice in their mouths! Adult members of a support group always have their own skills 10 share, whether they use these skills in the course of earning a living, or whether these are activities that they just love doing. And do not forget the emerging skills of the children. They, too, have something imponant to teach the adults. if we will listen. Family activities • planned so that bo1h spouses can panicipate - are the heart of the social opportunities in a support group. Potlucks, field trips, campouts, and service projects are but a few of these. On the other side of the coin, mcntorship Finding Help for Your Homeschooling Program Magazines llomt EdJ<c011011 MogortM Box 1083 Tonaske!, WA 98855 programs offer a one-on-one growing and learning experience. Here a child can select an adult who offers a skill m which he or she 1s interested. The child makes the contact and together the child and the adult work our a time when that skill is being used and the young one can ohscrve or participate. Support groups also offer the parents infoimation to help them get staned and to aid in dealing with legal requirements. The group can also provide curriculum help, creative ideas, workshops, connection to state or national homeschooling organizations. and plain old empathy! We greatly appreciate the nexibility and choice involved in homeschooling. The children's love and enthusiasm for learning has been fostered by studying subjects in which they are most interested and when the readiness is there. We srudy subjects in an integrated manner. always making it "hands on" as much as possible. If the children become interested in Indians, we get involved in native dance,.music, cooking, crafts, st0ries, and more. Since we continue to be actively involved in bicycle touring, canoeing, and ,backpacking, we just take the cllildren along. We can spontaneously take off on an adventure withowt the hqsS'le of school schedules. A family field trip is a highly educational expcriem.:c:! • Leaming togettier continues to be exciting and challenging as our falJlily-continues io.make its own path into eCluca[lpn'. No longer do we ~lk about relocating to anoiher ~a in S8anfh of an education that fits our children's needs, for we've found it right here ~t home. A Bcka Book Publications Box 18000 Pensacola. fl.. 32523 Calvcn School IOS Tuscany Rd. Bnllimorc. MD 21210 Oak Meadow School Bol 712 Blacksburg, VA 24060 Gr11wing Witlwut Sclwo/111g 2869 Massnchuscus Ave. Cambridge. MA 02140 The Sycamon: Troe Ttaching Books and Matt rlals CoSta Mesa. CA 92627 Rainbow Resource Center The loc:al library is a good place to begin your search for aYllllable homeschooling mrucrials. Some local libraries have worked with homeschooling groups in pun:hasing books, petiod1cals, and assisting in the Organlu t ions National Homeschool Assiocialion Box58746 Seattle, WA 98138 (SOO) 486-135 I (S<rvius: o quarterly newsle11u. teoclttng rt-'Ourct file, homuclwol trove/ directory, tttn·IO•lttn program, apprtnticeslups and mtntorships for homtschooltrs. student uchan~, oN1 o 11twslt11tr digest ~rviu.) k'lnwr, l 989-90 Box 365 Taylorville, lL 62568 2179 Meyer Place John Holt's Book and Music Siorc 2269 Massachuseus Ave. dcvelopma11 or vcrucal files on homc.schoolmg. Cambridge, MA 02140 lnrorma tlonal Book1 Educational Spccuums/ JltNnlSdtool RtDtkr Bluestocking Press Box 1014 (Dept. AF2) by Mad: and Helen Hegener Ttaclt Yowr Own by John Holl Pliurvillc. CA 95667 �-If! 1' SUI., J11,,t'J1, Sf (If/ ye fl1•f -nt•i/e ~ ff, , -Ae" ·Ceremony / 6it1 rP'U -Aeor ,,,, e.t /1t fo r~11r 11'1/t(f ( ~I J Ct1'>Ht. c'"'J'"' ye, I httf /.rL 1v?Ake 1~~ pt1fh $wt"o'/I, tf,.f ii fhe br~w 'J' ffte f 'r jf , 1 ff! f: M~Js, CJ,"Js, ~,>t, y;,,.Jf fJ/ f' lf,.f 111 ftt. I /;/II rtsf "'",...;-...,I /h'/o 1""" >tt/J$f 1ft4J e '14W '4/e.. On f ye, I iyl"re,,. Sf,lf 11 /11'1v1 Cini 4 ir Q 11J4~t Ifs?"#, Sht~"1, tf,.f if '114 r,4d '! ifte hnnJ "/ /(,e se<n.J hill ~! ~t Jf lls Valle~s, 1?.ivtrf, L~s, 1 7fe,~, C/r4'~eJ; 1df r of 7'e f4rft. e / /,/&/ r,#11 ftear n.e ! /hfo 'f""4r m//{ff ~o au..~ ti '1e~ /,(~ Ohse,,f '/'' I iH>tff.,rc.. "WJii<~ ii~ /'"'It, SmooH,1 f/,o/ if Jn'!J read -/4t br~w 1 /f,e tJ,1 hi// rJ tk Omalia 1"£an prayer Urtmtm!J introtfucine a new6orn dsi!tf to tk natural worUf. Ofun, in cqnttmporory cultuns, tk new5orn is fo~ introtfuutl w tk fiuman cOtlflflunity and to tk tfiviru orrftr··out not spu.ifially to tk natwTJl ul0rl4. !Here in tliis urem.ong, tk naturof wo& is atftfresstd rllrectly in anrwuntin9 tk arrival of tk diilrl into tk mUfst of tk wfwfe Lift community. 'Ifijs is Illustration by James Rhea .t, ' == ........ Q .,,,. ��Mother Earth The Natural Classroom Early one morning, I sat outside with my dnughtcr reading a children's ~tory .. h "'as a story dealing with bircb, habitat, animal adaptations. predators, and camoullag_c. In the middle of the story. we nouccd the 11n1est bare! dan under the eaves of our garage. How did ii get lhrough? It :.queaked underneath such a small space. !low hard to believe. More careful observation ~howed uo; there was indeed a hidden nest. We could h.'lrcly see the bits of l\\igs showing through. What a pcrf.:ct accompanimem far the story we were reading. It was one of those wonderful examples of ~ynchronici ty. One 1.hat Nature is so famous for, if only v.c arc patient and obscrvan1 CnOUl!h . ~ If only classroom tC.'lching could h:ivc more moments like that in science or environmental studies. In my teaching experience, I have noticed how attuned to nature students become when they arc allowed. More often than not, experiences like that arc reserved for "field trips," and those occur too . infrequently. We are usually forced to bnng natural science inside the classroom rather than r.ake the students directly to the Eanh. Twenty years ago, when l first read Si/enc Spring, 1 was amazed nt how we were S? closely intenwined to the Eanh. Why didn't we pay nuention back when it was written? Couldn't we have avoided many of our recent environmental pitfalls? Now, as we enter the L990's, having had some very harrowing cnvironmenrol disasters, it is clear that schools can no longer ignore the imponance of teaching and providing hands-on experiential cnvironmenlal programs. Leaming has to extend beyond the boundaries of the classroom. For the past three years, I have been involved with the Nonh Carolina Adopt-A-Stream Program which is part of lhe National Save Our Streams Program. The Strcam Program activities are primarily bands-on, very environmentally conscious lessons. Since our school is a five-minute walk from a stream, we are able to rcgulnrly take advantage of the opportunity to visit the stream. The children considered the activities wonhwhile and fun - and could see that they were making a difference. The program integrated well into our second and third grade cwriculum by including science, social studies, languuage ans. creativity, and problem-solving skills. In order to allow children to realize what a unique and precious place our Eanh is and to understand their participation in it, we need to step outside of our classrooms. Mother Eanh can teach us about our home, but we need to make provisions for being th.ere in direct contact with her. Students need to be outdoors · observing, listening, sensing - when Mother Eanh shares her synchronistic lessons with us. Second grade .mlllem Quinn \Vardin andpre-kindergarrner Anna Srein cleaning a srream ne.ar rhe_r 1 scltool on Clean Streams Day, 1988. Photo by Tun Reid Biodegradable Diapers: Not What They Say They Are! It sounds like a dream come true disposable diapers that are environmentally ~fe. "Degradable is a wann and fuzzy word, hke organic and natural," said R.A. Denison, a senior scientist at the Environmental Defcnst: Fund. Unfonunately, "These plasucs are being sold as a way to reduce waste and that is a hoax," says Jeanne Wirka of the Environmental Action Foundation. A truly degradable material breaks down into basic constituents like water and carbon dioxide through natural pr~esses. The n~w diapers do indeed break down 1mo...smaller b11s of plastic. But in the dry, oxygen·~tarved environment of modem landfills, they might not break down much at all. "Li11lc is known about what happens during and after the degradation process to chemical additives, toxic heavy metals. and other plastic ingredients," said Ann Beaudry in an anicle in Motlutring Magazine. And "even the eventual breakdown inr.o small pieces of plastic offers no solution to the landfill capacity crises because the breakdown of throwaway diapers, disposable or biodegradable, take up just as much room in the landfill as the original." Large amounts of human waste arc also - Susan Schneider Gries~!# deposited in the landfills possibily b!'Ceding virulent strains of pathogens such as poho virus fr' Suggested Rtadint: which may find 1.heir wny to underground water SltariJtg Nt111Ut with Children by Joseph Bh3tat Cornell sources. Toxic chemicals also follow the snme Keepers oftlu! Earth by M. Caduto route to the water sources. Streamwalkingfor Kids by Gwen D1ehn and Susan There has been a large eco-marketing Gricsmaict (NC Stn:am Watch Program, 1988) campaign for single-use "biodegradable diapers" C!IMtcling people ONl nlJIJVt, Lesson plans. (Great targeted at natural food stores and environmental Smoley Mll\S. !nstirute at Tremont, Gre:u Smoky catalogs, aimed at reaching environmentally MlnS. National Park. Townsend, 1N 37882) conscious parents. Xl••Unh 7ournnt PIUJ'- 111 For four and a half years our family has "recycled" cloth diapers in the wnshing machine. You can use 1.hem from one child to the next, tum them into rags when they're worn out, and let them truly biodegrade when they're no longer usable. Of course cotton production often uses pesticides, but there is little comparison betw~n that and the daily disposal of 5 to 15 plasuc yes, PLASTIC! · diapers. Most kids are in diapers for 2-3 years. The cost comparison is nbout $84 per month for disposables, $26 per month for clor.h through a diaper service, or a one time cost of about $50 for a few dozen cloth diapers if you buy and wash your own. "Each family that chooses natura l, recyclable conon diapers for their child prevents I ton of waste from entering the solid waste stream each year," wrote Benudry. I hope this makes you reconsider whether f you want to buy into this fal~e dream o_ the disposable diapers or the reality of creaung a healthy environment . Let's stop trying to take the easy way out. For more resources and infonnarion on how and why to use cloth diapers, feel free to call me at the Traditional Binh and .Natural Family Health Colleccive; 36 l Sterling St.; Atlanta GA 30302 (404) 880-9172. ' - Aviva Jill Romm "Doubts are Voices on Dcgracbblc Ptasuc: W3SJ.c." NY Tim(S, 10/25~9 "B1odcgr11dablc Diapers: A Pseudo Soluuon." Ann E. Beaudry. Molhtring Magam1t, Fall. 1989 • "The Ethics or Diapering," R.W. Hollis, Motltering MaglWM. Fall, 1989 ~ Wi.nt..er , 1989- 90 �RESOURCES Tips for Gardening with Children Parenting from Tom You11gblood-Pe1erse11 .\lo1huU1J: \lag;vmc P.O. Bo~ lo'IO; Santc Fe. NM 87'>0-l Start i.mall - a 6' x 10' garden can be a perfect · size for a liule one. N11n1inng Tf>d.1~ 187 Cao;clh Ave.: San Fmnc1S1:0, C,\ Q-l 11-l Have fun! I put this toward the top of the list because remember, beauty b in the c:yc of the beholdl.'r. This means no garden is perfect, and it's as much the proceH as ii is the results, for children. Education /'h(' C)t 11/The Chtld., Rulh \fueller (!'le" Soc1c1y Publishers) The best garden layout is narrow beds - no more lhan three feet wide so the children can work from the edges - and wide paths that can fit two willing and eager workers. Ch1ldhodd- l lu. l\'aldorf Pc·r.1{1('Cli>-c, by ~ancy Aldri.h R1. ::?. Bo~ :!675; We>.iford, VT 05-19-l Grc:en J~ic/Jcr c/o Tim Grant: 95 Robcn Succt; Toronto, Onwrio M5S 2K5, Canuda What to plam? Whatever the children like toe.at and nibble. lf that list 1s shon, you can supplcmem wtth vegetables and flowers 1ha1 are especially fun to grow. Like cherry tomatoes, sunflowers, ever-bearing srrawbcrries and nastuniums. All of 1hese can be nibbled fresh ..... tmmedia1e gratification is one of the easiest ways to keep children interested in the garden. National Dirtctory of Alttrnative SchocfJ, National Coahuon of Al1crnauve Community Schooh R.D. I. Bo~ 378: Glcnmoorc. Pa. 193-l 3 1lorne ~1wn Magaw11: P.O.Box IOIB: Tona.tj{e\, WA 98855 \1t:rlyn s Pt!n P.0.Box 1058: Ea~t Greenwich, RI 02818 Skipping Stones 80574 H:11.c1ton Road: Coungc Grove. OR 97424 Our Fwur<' al Stake: A lunugtr's Gwck 10 Stopping the Nuclear Arntf Rare, Melinda Moore & Laurie Ol'i<:n, ti tJ/ , (New Soe1e1y Puhfohcrs) l.111/e Fritnds for Pt!aa 4405 29th Street; Ml. R.1n1cr, MD 20712 Kid'IArt Nt!WS P.O.Box 27-l: Mt.Sh:lsm CA 96067 Nauonal Home School Assocwuon P.O.Box 167; Rodeo, NM 88056 American Montcsson Sococty ISO Sib Ave.: New York, NY 10011 Waldorf lnstilutc 260 Hungry Hollow Road Spring Valley, NY 109n Stop War Toys Campaign C/o Wur Re''-'lCrs' Lcaguc - NE Box 1093: Norv.•11:h. CT 06360 Who's Calling tilt Sho1.1: /lo" to Re~nd £f/wn·tly 10 Children's Fascina11on Kllh Illar Play and War toys by N311ey Crls.<oon-Pa1ge and Diane Levin (New Society Publishers) Stopping Abuse Nallonal Child Abuse HOl Linc, l-800-4AC-HILD National Association for I.he Educ111ion or Young Children 1834 Connccticul Ave. NW Wa~ing1on, D.C. 20009 Children's Defense Fund 122 C St NW; Wa.'>hingion. DC 20001 The Nalionnl Association for Mediation 1n Educauon 425 Amity St.; Amhcrs1, MA 01002 Child Welfare League of Amcnca 440 First SL NW (Suue J 10) Washington. DC 20001 Nnlional Coaliuon or Altcrnouvc Community Schoch 58 Schoolhouse Rd.: Summertown, Tn. 38483 End Violence Agamst lhe Next Gcncruuon, Inc. 977 Kcclc1 Ave.; Berkeley. CA 94708 Changing Schools Teacher; College 918 Ball Struc l.inivcrsity Mu11cie, IN 47306 ramily Violence Research Program Family Rc=h UiboralOry Univcr~11y of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824-3586 Peace and No n-viole11ce An OutbrC'alc of fi:aci:. Sarah P1nlc. A "fanual on Nonv1oltnci: and Childrtn. compiled ancJ edited by SitphanicJudson (New Society Publishers) ,,li..n t.er, 1989-90 Kidsrights 3700 Progi:c~ Blvd.: Mount Dora. FL 32757 N3UOnal Chtld's RighlS Alliance P.O.Box 17005; Durham, NC 2no5 National Commiu.ce for the Prevention or Child Abuse 332 S. Michigan Ave.; Chicago, 0. 6060 Get real 1ools. (small ones), not toys for your children. No matter how young, don'1 waste your money on flimsy plastic 100ls in toy stores. Purchase smaller-sized good quali1y tools for $4-$5.00 from hardware or garden shops. Have the children wear old clothes and shoes. I telp the child clean and put away all tools when finished. Again, HAVE FUN! Tom Youngblood-Perersen ls director of the MAGIC Commu11iry Garden programs in A!iheville. NC. fie and his wife Berh eat 11aswriw11 buds in their own garden with their five year-old so11, Evan, and plan to imroduce the1r newbofll. Campbell, w rhe fun of it, as well Childre11's Media Four Arguments for tht Elimination of Television by Jerry Mander Action fat Children's Television 20 Unh·ersity Rd.; Cambridge, MA 02138 Council on lnitrracilll Books for Childn:n 1841 Bro:idway; New York, NY 10023 Lollipop 'PoWCJ Press 30S £.Chapel Hill St.; Durllam. NC 2no1 Much of I.he information for these resoiuces came from: lloliftic Educa1ion Rt!'oli<"W, P.O.Box 1476; Greenfield, MA 01302 'Ifuml;s to X/n.!JO'l 'Xlfl9for fufp in cmnpili119 tfiis resourus listintJ. / X4ti4ah ) o'4rnat palJtl 19 �HOSTAGEPANTHERTOWN FREED ACTION FOR BEARS BRINGS RESULTS Nlllrll World News Savice Nlllrll Worid News Service With the aid of the Nature Conservancy and national politicians, negotialions for a major hostage release wcre compleled Monday, No~cmber 27 when 6.295 acres of the Panlhcnown Valley in the headwaters of lhe Tuclcascgcc River WllletShcd were tnWfcrrcd IO the US Forest Scrvke. The valley has been the sub.)CCt of controversy since 1988 when Duke Power Company bought Ille l.r1ICt as part ol ilS land acquisition program for a high-voltage 11811Smission line IO go lhrough the hcan of Transylvania and Jackson counties In North Carolina. Much opposition IO the pawer line cenicrcd lllOWld lhc idea of "Save Panlhcnown Valley." Oulte bought the propeny suddenly in 1988. Ownership of the whole property was a powerful negotiation IOOI 10 help Duke secure 11S preferred route for the power line. Once the route was established. selling the propcsty to the Nature Conservancy was easy for the ginnl energy corporauon, as 11 only required an 800 acre comer of the land for the tmnsm ission line right-of-way. The sale softened some opposition 10 the power line, which 11"ill cause ml1JOT habi1a1 disruption along its route and spur damaging development in its service area, nnd gave Duke ihe appearance of being syrnpnthetic IO cnvironmcnial issues. However, Panlhcnown is a unique and scenic area and home IO several rare plant species. IL~ future appcnrs 10 be much more secure. The Forest Service will temporarily manage the land under a 4-C land management classification, which restricts use 10 non-motonzod recrcauon and favOlli black bear habil31, and promised IO preserve its 'ICCnic beauty and unique geological and biological features. The publrc attention the valley has received will most likely be a strong guarantee for lhn1 promise. A demonstration on behalf of black beats cag on the Cherokee lndioo Reservation for tourist auraction bas apparently brought results. The September demonst.ration, led by PETA (People for the Ethic Treatment of Animals) and allCnded by 100 maJChers including many Crom the rcserva1ion, wallccd from Oconoluf1ce Visitors' Center 1n the Great Smok Mountains National Park to the infamous Saunooke' Bear Land, cited as providing some of the wors conditions for animals among CAhibits tn this country. Chief Ed Taylor mcl the group and told them no ID meddle with internal affairs on the reservnlioo and go home. The response to this was a chorus of shou IS "We are home!" from many of the dcmonsi.nuors wh were residents of the reservation. The Chief then told lh group ihat Indians were tired of outsiders telling the what lO do, app:ircruly forgetting lhal. the exhibit owners on whose behalf he was speaking were all while pcopl who hnd leased space on the rcscrvntion IO cash in on lhe summer tourist now. Muuenng, Taylor then got into hi car and retired from lhc scc.ne. But Taylor was affected by the dcmon~tration. The following month he brought a resolution into th Tribal Council thnt wou Id hnve required that bears kept in "natural habitat areas" on penalty of SI ,000 fo ''iolallon. The Council. however, replaced this rcsolu tio with one that said the caging o( bears 1s "presenting problem• and nuthorized the Council 10 invcs1ig:ue th pol>~ibility of the habitat area. BENTON MacKA YE TRAIL After nine years 3 dedicated group of volunteers has comptcu:d a 78.5 mile hiking trail from Springer Mountain, Georgia Lo the COhuua Wilderness Arca on the Tcnncs.'iCC "lllle hnc. The hiking p:ith is called the Benton MacKaye Trail after ihe founder of the Appalachum Trail system. Pans of the trail follow an early fll3n for the Aflll3l3chian Trail. which was later ch311ged IO ilS prcscn1 route. The remarkable aspect of the Benton MacKaye Troll is that it was constructed entirely by voluntcc~. who have worlccd steadily over a nine-year period to complete the uaJI through the Goorgia mounuuns. Much work still needs Lo be done 10 bring the path 10 11s proposed termination po101 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, but trail votun1cers were jubilant to have completed lhc first ~uge of the route. Officials of the Southern Region of the US Forest Service agreed early rn the llllil's hisiory Ihm they would back the propo:;ed route if the Georglll segment were completed. A Tennc.'iSCC chapter of the trail volunlecrli has been formed IO extend ihc trail nonhwan:t through the Unicoi MounUlill.\ IO reach the Smokies. • scurce: article by John llarmon (n 1hr Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 14. 1989. FOREST PLAN REMANDED Narlnl World News Service The Chief of the US Forest Service, Date Robenson, on September 28, 1989 sent back the bclcllgucrcd Land and Resource f\.lanngemem Plan for the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests, saying in panicular Ihm the plan places too much emphasis oo clC31CuWng as the method of choice for lumbenng and 3Jso allows projected umber sates that would fail 10 recover their CO~ts. While not spcc1ficnlly outlawing clcarcutting or any limits on its use. Robcn.o;on dircctcd the N-P National Forest staffs 10 research altcmauvcs w the clcarcutting technique and to be more nex1b!e m their thoi~ of logging methods. His denial Ytllidatcd yc:ITS of work by conscrvation groups, parucul:irly the Western North Carolina Allianc~. to convince the Forest Service to stop 1ts smgle-minded reliance on the clcarcuumg ux:hnique. The Chiefs directive also said the rorcst rtan did not adequately JUstify proposed timber sales Lha1 would have resulted in the loss of additional tax money IO subsidi1.e clcarcuts in the Southern Appalachians. In 1987 the Nantahala·Pisgah National Forests lost a total of S2.5 million in bclow-<:ost limber sales. (l1lc For~l Service accounung procedure was changed in 1988 lO make it more d1fficull 10 dctcnmnc the economic swtus of timber SJlcs 1n indl\·1duat rorc.sts. hut 11 Is csumated that tosses held steady or rose slightly in that year.) A rccelll study author11cd by the Forest Service, Tiie Southern Appalachian Timber Study. documented a decade-long price drop in hardwood lumber in the Southern Appalachians. Robcnson's memo duected the Nauonnl Forests ndm11ustrauve siaffs to incorporate these more recent figures m their review of timber ~les policies and umber qUOlaS. Chief Robertson's remand order showed most clearly the political nature of the US Forest Service. for the issues of clcarcutung and below~t salcs that he dealt with in his administrative order were drawing much negauve publicity IO the agency. However, the Chief, white urging caution in the construction of fore.~ roads, did noc suggest any specific changes in road pohc1e.s in the N3ntahala-Pisgah Na11onal Forc.,ts. Alw, white he called for specific plans 10 provide hab11111 for 12 threatened and cnd:lngercd ~pccics, he did not cnll for a forests-wide roadlcss areas survey IO determine the noed for wildcmcss areas and undisturbed habnat. as called ror m particular by the rcgion:ll office of ihe Wilderness Society. Thc.sc 1s~~ arc as 1mponan1 as lhc clcarcumng issue. but 11 ~med th31 ihcy were neglected m ihe Chiefs repon because they had not aroused a vociferous public outcry ag111ns1 the For~t Service as h3d the umber policies. The message is clear; 10 bring chnnge to the nauonal forests, stir 11 up. ~uing II WE BRING GOOEY THINGS TOLIFE II Narunl World Ne"'• Service South of Hendersonville Nonh Carolina, in th below the East Flat Rock comm unit where some I 50 peorle draw their drinking water concentration~ of a canccr·causing mduslnal solvcn exceed the siatc stnndard by at least 3.500 times The General Electric lrghting fixtW'Cl> productio plant in lfcndcr,on County has ~ixu:cn undergroun Storage t.anks, two waste water trcaunent ponds, and sludge 1mpoundmcn1 on land owned by the plant. Tw landfills. a recently reported le:tlcing drain pipe, and 1983 chemical spill arc all contribuung factors to lh !isling of this s11c by the Nonh Carolina Clean Wate Fund as one of the 22 WOrsl groundwntcr contaminatio site.~ in Nonh Carolina. The Fund has also C!\llmaled ihat 35,000 peopt in lhe stale arc drinking water w11h some degree 0 contamination. Nonh Carolina has the c;ccond highcs number of household wells in the United States (822,000) as there is a ready supply of gruund water SOlllil of which is working 115 way to the sea from lh~ mountains of the Katuah region. It appears iha1 we Ill' playmg a dcm11I game of "chemical do-or-dare" wnh untamtcd war.er, esscnunl to our health and lhnt of lhc groundwntc~ b~hcre. A~ one of the "toxic 22" shes of sever contamination in Nonh Carohnn, General Elcctri contmucs to release poisons inio the underground wnters which participate in lhe cyd1c now of water through Lhc E:uth. It tna)· seem like these chemical ·sotu11ons' are gone from 'sne', yet when they rc.•wface will G.E. really be bnnging good things 10 life? . To register comments concerning G.E.'s you can ca.II the G.E. coMumer products IOll·frcc number 1-800-626-2000. praeucc~. �PICKENS DISTRICT FOREST WATCH Nanni World News 5cr'1ice WHAT'S H.A.A.P.-ENING?? Narural World News ELA (Ecological Living Ahemativcs), a broad· based eco-forum rccenlly ronned in East Tcnncs.'ICC, is addressing some local problems lhal threaten the Holston River 00..tjn and area rcsidcncs' heallh. One of the group·~ firs1 ac1ions was an 1nformnuonal demonslra1ion to promoic press coverage of an upcoming pubhc bearing concerning a permit rc-issunl for the was1e-wa1er 1tCalmen1 facility or 1he Hols1on Army Ammuniuoo Plani (H.A.A.P.). located in Hawkins and Sullivan counties. The plan1. managed by Easunan Kodak, manufactures RDX, Composiqon B, HMX, HMX·TNT, RDX-Plaslicv.cr and other spe(:1fteally ordered exple>sive compounds used m the U.S. and sold on the in1cmational weapons markc1. The action consis1ed or 15 ELA members cxh1b111ng signs reading "National Dcfen~ al Whose Expcn~?" and "Don'1 You Wish You Could Ea1 The Fish?" as well as posters promoung the lime and d:llc or Ille publt<: hearing. Mcmbcts handed OUl lcallclS to employees ond mo1ori~1S pa~smg through I.he busy faciory inu:rsccuon. !\.lost hearings m Ille o.rca receive small aucnd:ulCe and liU!e or no public eommenL However. the heanng. held Nov. 30. auracicd approx1ma1ely 30 people, indicating the success of the group's action. Al the beanng, comments were scheduled 10 be limi1cd to subject maucr rclevan1 lO NPDES Permit #TN0003671 only, relating specifically to water polluuon control guidelines. Activ1s1S speaking, though, insisted on citing several problems at the plant which contribuLC 10 water pollution. even though they were not included 1n the pcnniL Among these problems is a huardous waste landfill at the plant that has recently been re1llrflCd to service. ft is feared that leaching from this area. as well as other runoff from the 5800 acre plant, could cause additional accumulauons of 1oxins in the river. Among the elcmenis seeping from the munilion~ plant are vinyl chloride, chromium, cyanide and nickel. Some IOxins Ind heavy metals occur m the daily discharge crtlucn1 in amounts grca1er than one pound per day; some occur in ci1cess of 10 and 15 pounds per day. All discharge goes inlO the HolslOn River which must absorb other wastes as well. Eastman Kodak's PET plastic factory lie.:; just a rew miles upstream. On Nov. 15 Easunan cxpcnenced a "typical" spill loosing 36,000 pound., or acetic acid in10 the Holston. These accumulations, as well as ogncuhural run-off, together contaminate the river which is the source or lite Ci1y of Morrisiown's drinking waLCr supply. 1f you would hke IO register comments on Ibis and other problems concerning water pollu11on in Tennessee, wri1e to: TN Dept. or Heallh and Environment (Div. or Water Pollution Conttol); 150 9th Ave. North: Nashville, TN 37219, or call (615) 741-7883. If you would like IO know more about ELA and upcoming activiues, write to: ELA; P.O. Box 851; Jonesborough, 1N 37659. k'i.nur, 1989-90 1 1l '.' While the "Up State" may be viewed as ju~t a smllll comer or South Carolina. it holds a promineni place along 1he cas1.em cscnrpment of the Soulhcm Appl3chain Mountain Range. It is 31so home 10 a growing number or bioreg1onal folks actively involved'" the "public input" process of the Sumter National Forest's Andrew Pickens Dislnct. South Carolina Forest Wa1ch is presently appealing two comparunen1 plans in the Chauga River watershed. 1xlscd on the lack of a prcharvcst "hydrologic survey•. which would have addressed the prot.cCtion or two brook trout sucams and the conversion or the forest IO a pine plantation. Additionally. the planned umber cut was based on a study conducted in the piedmont and not on steep mountain slopes. "Those who arc only good with hammers sec every problem as a ruul." Quoting Abraham Maslow. Forest Wruch ttca..~urcr Richard Cam eqilamed that the 1985 Long Range Pinn for the district reveals a narrow· minded approach to muluplc use. "The Plan relics heavily on the conversion or milled hardwood and pine forests to pllllltations or hybrid pines plan1ed on ten by ten foot spacm~ Wildlife received very llUle auenuoo .• "In order 1ha1 we might co1ribu1e to the re-educa11ng of the Fores1 SCfVicc, we've done a 101 or Sllldy on our own. Aside lrom our meetings with the USFS and private timber interests. our bimonthly mce1ings host a variety or speakers and lcanung experiences. We also manage 10 gel out and cruise management companrnenL~ in the Picltcns Oistr1c1." For more information on the South Carolina Forest Watch, wntc: P. 0. Box 657 we.,tmmstcr, South Carolina 29693 CLEARCUTTING HAS ABAD DAY Natural World News S..,.jc., Research findings reported at a US Forest Service-sponsored work.shop in September di.o;putcd the notion that clcarc:utling provides crucial forage for cen.ain species of wildlife. The audience at the "Wildlife Considerations in lmplemcnung the Land and ReSOUtce Managemcn1 Plan" mccung was addlCsscd by =hers from various soulhcastcm universities. Recent work Bl the Univen1ty or Georgia has shown that deer appear IO be very adaptable 10 a wide variety or forest types. Contrary to popular belief, deer depend less on the type of browse found in clcarculS than they do on a variety of hard mast (acorns and nuts) provided l'y mature forests. Turkey research 11 Clemson h:l.s also revealed tha.l 1urkeys make liulc use or clcarcuts, needing a variety or hard and soft mast. Similarly, Univcrsi1y of Tenncsscc reseateh ha~ shown that bears make very ligh1 and seasonal use of forage in clcan:uts. depending more heavily on a good selection or hard mast. Furthermore. the roads as.<;0eiBICd with logging have proven IO have a severe impact on bear populatlon.s. Bears have been found to use rough woods roads and skid lnlib as they LrBvel in scarth or forage, but they avoid ~ystcm roads, whether open or closed to vehicle traffic. Thus, roads affect bear populations by effectively reducing Ille size of their range. as well as by providing easier access for hunLCr.> and poachers. Representatives from the NC Wildlife Commission also spoke and indicated their concern nbouc the effect of the Forest Servicc·s !'03d·building and harvc.qing practices on wildlife population<. THE CASE OF THE DISAPPEARING TRJTIUM Natural World News SetVice The US Dcparuncnt of Energy (DOE) has again suspended 311 commcrciai ~hipmcnts of 1ritium. the radioacti"e ~ used in nuclear wlll1lc::lds, after significant quantities of it turned up missing. Tritium is used in biological and energy research and in making luminous lights, signs. dials and w:u.ches as weU es being used to increase the power or nuclear warllcads. The halt in tritium shipments was 111nounccd in July or 1989 after an inconclusive search for: five grams or the element that laboraiory records said had been shipped to commercial customers. bu1 which buyers said had never arrived. ln August. the DOE said it would resume mosi shipmcnis after bilS or the missing malerial were found. The dcpartmcnt discounlcd the likclihood or theft at that time. Only a few special shipmenis have been made since then. An in1emal lab rcpon said d~pancies in the shipping records d:lted at least IO 1985. In some cases. customers reportC<I they h3d received 40 percent ~ tritium lhan they had paid for. A copy or the confidential July 20 report and rclalcd Oak Ridge documcnis were obtained through a legally enforceable request under the Freedom of Information Act. lnvesLigators for Martin Marien.a Energy Systems, wtuch nms opcr311on:; at the Oalt Ridge nuclear complex, said in the report that a significan1 amount of 1r11ium had been losL m a lest shipment bc1 ween buildings. It appeared lhat Ille I~~ amounted to abou1 two grams. approxima1ely half thc amoun1 used in a smglc aiomic warhead. According 10 the conliden1ial rcpon, workers loaded the Lriuum into a container, which was sent to another bu1ldmg. There pan of the contents of the coniamer was unloaded for sampling, then repacked and scn1 back 10 11.s ong1nal locauon. Thrcc-qW111CrS of the tritium was lost in that round trip. Leakage and procedural jXUblcms wcte ruled OUL Reprcscniative Edward J. Markey (0) or M3ss3chusctts swd, "You have IO \l/Olldct what kind of Keystone KOJl!I operntion the Dcpanment or Energy ha!. down at O:ik Ridge. when they lose more than 22,000 cunes or tntium in a I.Cl;! designed IO find out why DOE keeps on losing l.nlClt or tritium." DON'T CROSS DA GREAT PUMPKIN Nuunl WorldNcwsSavlcc The WCSICnl North Carolina Alliance undcrsoc:ml lhe gTOUp's opposjuon to wide.~ead clcarcu1ting in the na1ional forests by staging a Halloween day dcmonsLretion in front or the US Forest Service headquaners m Asheville. The action specifically protested a proposed clearcut near thc popular Craggy Gardens area on thc Blue Ridge Parkway. The clcen:ut would be in full view or tourisis at the visitor cerucr. "Even the Great Pumpkin says, 'Don"1 cu1 Craggy.'" rc3d a sign held by young David Gilmour of the group. The Alliance noted that lhis panicular cut. which would be 12 acres in $tlC and less than a mile away from the visitor center, is especially mappropriatc. (Other acuvists were of the opinion. however, that the Forest Service should be required 10 do oil their clearcutting within sight of major IOW'i.\t auractions.) As a result or the aucntion the Craggy clearcut has received, the Forest Service is re-evaluating the !ituauon. lrutcad of allowing the ll'BCt IO be clearcut, the agency may n:quuc selective culling. which would lca.-e ~ or the trccs standing • or 11 may spare the enure 12 11CrtS. The decision is yet 10 be announced. JC.at~ , l Jo\&rnaL p1i9t1 21 ... ' �Natural World News SPE C IAL REPOR T ALARKA CREEK CONTROVERSY by David Wheeler The headwaters of Alarka Creek rise high on the Cowee Ridge, where !he North Carolina counllc.~ or Swain, Jackson, and Macon comer. The creek\ origins are on !he Alarka Laurel properly, l1lOtC than 2,000 :icre.~ of IJlnt.I which includes 35 :icre.~ of a unique red spruce-bog association. The creek runs lhrough 2,000 acres or watershed uninhabited by human bemgs, along !he way wmbting over the Alarka Falls. once a place for fasting and p111ying held sacred by lhc native Chcrokcc people. Until 11 reaches the Alarb Community in Swam County. lhe wate.rs of lhc croelc are clear and support a nallll'lllly-reproducing populntion or brook IJ'Oul However, Alarka Creek is in clanger. The Alarlc.:J LaW'Cl propcny, owned as an invcStmcnt by a panner.;hip or land speculators, has been on the market for years. Only now is a developer showing <iome interest in the acreage. The identity of the developer is a catefully-kcpl ~ret. but it is known lh:lt plans for the Almb Laurel propcny include a golf course and a luxury resort. At the request of William Mcl.amey, an aqu:ttic biologist living in Macoo County, biologists from the NC Dcpruuneru of Envuoruncntal Management {DEM) visited Al:uka Crcd: and ~led the wnu:r.;. Biological and chemical tcsL:i confirmed that lhe wntershcd met the stringent standards for qualirica1ion as a state "OulSlanding Resource Water• (ORW). Streams 11ut 11\CCI ORV/ standards arc lamentably very few. and. clearly, Alarka Crock is an lllca worlhy of protection. But omcu1J efforts 10 preserve Alarka Creek have run Into an ob!<lllCle. There is still resentment in Swain County towards the insensitive acuons or big government, which m the mid-1940\ condemned !;ind in Swain, OSl.CllSibly for the citpans1on of !he Great Smoky Mountains Nauonal Part, but which in ac1U3!11y lumcd OUI IO be largely for lhe bencn1 of lhc Tcnnc.'--« Valley Authority for lhc creation of Fontana Lake. The focus for 1hc ire of 1his generation of Swam County citi7.cns is a promise made by the govemmcm i.ll the time of the land acquis1tOl1$ for a road that would p;is~ on the north side of 1hc lake. now within lhc Park boundaries. That promi~ was never fulfilled, althoogh lhc infamous North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms ha, blocked a bill lhal would have finanC13lly compcnsalcd the cow11y. The uprc_o;s1on for 1h1s anger 1s a group called "Citizens Against Wildemc.~~: which ha.~ a siorcrrom office in Bryson Ci1y. lhc Swam county _,eat. The group owes 1l1 existence and probably much of 1L~ crroc11vcncss to the slrollg wppon of Senator Helms Alway' on the lookout ror a political situation IO man1pulau: 10 has own advantage. Helms took the "Ci111.cn~ Against Waldcmc.s" under his ••mg and has fanned 1hc fires of their rcscntmcnL The group's baule-<:ry 1s; "We are ltvmg poorly because 85% of our county 1s under federal control." Abrka Creek lw been caughl rn the whirlwind This ,.."a$ clc;arly revealed when a reprcscmauvc from the Trust for Pubhc Land journeyed up tO lhe mountains to look at the an:a at William Mcl..amcy's !QQUCSL "He thought he was coming up to look at <1 pn:Uy creek with a waterfall," said Mclarney. "Bui when he 51,.. the area. he said. ilus )!)ould be a national priority fo •ur organi1.ation!' When he communicated h1~ lin1' "I'' IO the nntional office. they agreed w1lh hi$ II.\ <r.lcnt and gave cooseru 10 the project Bui to make a lnJnsfcr, they needed sponsorship from some appropriau: n:itional political figure. such as a senator or a congressional reprcscn1J11Jve but none was to be found. The reason: Jesse Helms. So efforts by the Trust for Public Land to help A!arlca Creek have been stalled: The Alarb Creek issue came to a head when lhe DEM held a public hearing on lhe ORW classification 111 the Bryson City courthouse on the evening or November 2. 1989. The district couruoom was p3Ckod. Over 250 people aucndcd the hearing, mos1 of 1hem on short notice, because the public announccmcn1 or the mceung h:id nol been published in the county newspaper until the week before the hearing dale. Mosl of lhe speakers present were from Swam County, and m~l expressed strong opposition to an ORW classilicauon for Alnrka Creek. Regnrdless of the ickology behind 11. local power is a fonnidablc force and noc to be underestimated. The proposed development on Cowee Ridge seemed to be synonymous with economic pro~rity m lhe mind.~ or most or those who spoke agams1 the ORW classific:iuon. Several dccned the opinions of "oul'idc~· from ncighbonng M:lcon and Jackson counties when they spoke in support or prou:cuon for Alarka. "You're JUst saying that because !'.iacon alre.ady ha.' six malls." called a woman from !he audience at one poim. "!l's very ironic." eommcnlCd William Mct..amcy. "They were calling people who laved 20 miles away 'outsiders.' while a California developer who ha..,n't even revealed his name 11nd was rcprescnicd only by 1wo Georgi.i lawyClS is considered one of lhcir own. "PCISOllally. I would l\OI favor any ~lution to the ultimaic fate of the Big Laurel lh:11 would lock Swain County people out. and a big development would do lh;al more effoctivcly than nnything else anyone could do. The kind or people who would frequent that place don't want locals around Swain County rcsidcnis couldn't afford to buy a membership. and even If they were w gc1 m !here, they wouldn'l find whnt they were lookmg for . 1 don't think any or lhc.<;c people play golf. "There would be short·lerm jobs building lhe resort complex and a few permanent JObs taking care or !he buildings and lhe grounds. Bul by all acounLs 1he m3m access rood is more than likely going LO go down !he Macon County side of the mounuun. Until 1t reaches the Alarka Community. the road into Swnin Cou.nly is cxuaort.11nari!y ~lcep. A four-wheel drive vehicle can make ll prcuy casily...whcn lhc roat.l's dry . However, 11 would be a tremendous JOb to put a first-<:lass. paved highway in lhcn: th:11 would be comrorublc anti snfc ror expensive car;. ·1 feel SltOngly that lhe economic benefits ror Swain Counly are being grcally exnggemte.d. Swain Coumy would receive an addition to their tax base and a few minimum wage jobs, bul lhen lhey would also gel all the run-off and all the golf course pcsuc1dcs, and lhe county would have a 101 of add1t1onal costs for ma.inu:nance and county service.~. • Anolher element of irony 1s lhal dcvclopmcnlS arc rrcqucnlly ralionnlizcd wi1h lhe argumeni lhat property values arc going to go up (which in lhis cnse I am sure 1s true), as if that were a good thing. For a l'C311or or person who has a piece or property and is interested in selling ii, a rise in property value.~ is a good lhmg. Bui for an)•onc else who is Uying 10 hold property or 1s m the market to buy property. a rise m costs is an unwelcome development These people may not be able to alTord to buy land or may lose propeny they already own v.hen the land values go up. The grca1 majority or people from Swnin who spoke up in favor of development arc acwally ca.~ing themselves out the door by calhng for big monc) IO move mto thcll'county." The hcanng in Bryson City did not tell the whole story. When they heard of the Alarka Creek dilemma. other local people, largely from Jackson and Macon coumies, responded with a massive leuer-wnting campaign to tho DEM c;ilhng for protection or 1hc watcr,hcd. Apparently Alarka Creek is well·known and :ipprcc1111ed as o spccanl place by many people in its \·icinuy. There was also $0me reaction 10 1he strong pressure exercised in Swam County by the Ciuzens Aga1ns1 Wilderness group. One local woman lOOk lhc swnd a1 the publu: hC.lling and lCMfully told the audience to pay aucn11on 10 what they value and be cautious about what they would lhrow away. It was obviously a great effort of will for her to male such a swtcmcnl, and she wns the only speaker m support of the ORW mc:isure who received applau:;c from the crowd. 111crc were othcn; who did not dare 10 lake 1h:11 courageous suind. Wilhom Mclarney said lhat he received phone calls after 1hc mecung from Swai n County nntives who had attended the h.:aring, but felt too mumidated IO publicly voice support for Alark.a Creek. "It's a complicated issue." s:iys Mcl.amcy. "The people of Swain County have real grievances. parti,ulatly in rcgnrd to Fonwl\3 Lake. Unfortuna1cly, these gricvanres arc being man1pul3tcd. "The wider issue to 'TIC. which gives me pause when I lhmk about it, ts whnt has the greater soc1cly done lO the...: people 10 create the situation 1hu1 c;cpn:.. \Cd ... 1lo;elf at th;it hcunng?" ~ Or1wmg by Junca Rhc• �The synergy that 1s created when each family member take!) responsibility for their own well-being and suppons the well-being of others, is another resource that serves the process of resolution when conflict docs arise. And of course, the greater the level of well-1>¢ing in the household. the less obnoxiousness and conflict there is! Skillfulness/ Talking it Out According 10 Dana and Nick, "talking it out"--and sometimes over. under. around and through--is the main process for conflict resolution. There are three aspects to that communication process: lisrening, Expressing, and The quality of family life is detennined not by whether or not a family has conflict but by what they do with it. Problem-solving. lisrening. Although the most powerful communication skill, listening remains underused by us all. It is still much easier to give advice, preach, argue, moralize, lecture, or change the subject than it is to reaJly listen 10 what someone else is saying. "We listen with our answers running," a colleague of mine said recently. Reflective or ac1ive lis1ening, on the 01her hand. is listening with your heart, listening for the unique essence of the speaker's experience, and letting the other person know that they have been heard by repeating back to 1hem their message as you heard it. It is particularly challenging to lis1en to another person's point of view in the mids1 of a conflict situation; i1 is, however, the cornerstone for resolution. Listening acknowledges and validates (not necessarily agreeing with) the other person's perspective and encourages important data in the conflict to emerge. Expressing. The other side of listerung is expression statements about perceptions, interpreta1ions, thoughts, feelings, wams, and actions. In conflict situations, it is helpful to state your experience in a way that gives specific information that can be clearly understood by the other party. Such direct expressions arc commonly called "I Statements," (as opposed to accusatory "You Statements.") Nick is the resident expert on "I Statements" in our house these days. His fifth grade class is studying conflict and its resolution in a Mediation Center program called "Fuss-Busters." Through the guidance and modeling of a gifted and committed teacher, the students are learning to express their anger and frustrations in an "l feel when, _ _ __ because " format. The objective of the "I Statement" is to communicate your feelings in a way that does not put down or attack the other and engages their assistance in resolving the conflict. Nick explains that if the other person does not respond helpfully, then it's time to ask the teacher for help. As the year progresses, trained student mediators m the classroom will be available 10 help resolve those conflicts. Dana reiterates that being assertive and letting your family and friends le.now what you're feeling and what help you need from them prevents conflict from building up. Communicating immediately and specifically and in a non-blameful style opens the door for positive resolution. Problem-Solving & Conjlicr Resolurion. Frequently, the simple expression of feelings or needs and a chance to vent or be heard dissolve would-be conflicts. Just as often, however, living in these bus~, high-stress, complicated times, family members need to put their heads together to solve problems. We've noticed that unsolved problems become conflicts to become resolved· if Confl~CtS arc ~Ot fCSOlved, they re-emerge, often growing in magrutude until .a blow-up occurs, or, worse, family members separate and distance themselves from one another in an avoidance pattern. . . Consider these typical modes of responding to conflict snuanons: I. Competition - "I win,• J get all rrry needs !Mt; you get 110thi11g. 2. Accommodation - "You win," I give ui; you get everything. 3 Avoidance - Neithu of ws geu a.ny1hing. 4 Compromiu - EtUh of ws gi11es a /i11/e fJJld gets a li11le. .S CollDbor(JliJ)n - "Win - Win,• we wief111t IN probum aN.i fwJ a crtasive sollllion that sat4fies both of our Mtds. lollnter, J 989-90 ~!though each o~ these a~proaches may be appropriate at some umc, ~oU:iborauo~ provides the m~st longlasting and mutually sausfyang soluuons. In collaborauon. the problem is auackcd - not the people! And what would it be like if the problem were embraced as an opportunity to fine-tune family functioning, rather than attacked? In the process of collaborative connict resolution, a critical stel? is for ~II concerned to clearly define the problem in terms of their own interests and needs. After carefully listening to each person verbalize their side of the conflict. then all can come to an agreement on the definirion of the problem. In their book Gerring To Yes. Fisher and Ury recount che. example of t~o sisters fighting over one orange. Finally, in an effort to be farr, they compromise and cut the orange in half. One sister takes her half, peels the orange and cats the orange. The other sister takes her half, throws away the fruit and uses 1he peel to bake a cake. Clearly, a far superior solution would have emerged had they identified what each person's interesis were. The more accurately the problem is defined in terms of basic interests and needs, the more easily and quickly it can be solved. The process of creatively managing conflict, stress and change in families is a dynamic and continuous one. The more enriching, supportive, compassionate and fun that process is. the less resistance we feel coward it. When conflict is approached in a "Spirit of Possibility" toward healthy change, when individual differences and personal well-being are protected and honored, and when families are committed to using the skills of open communication and problem-solving, conflict becomes a resource for growth rather than an clement of disintegration. Ellie Kincade 1s assisrant director of 1he Counseling Cemer ar UNC-Aslll!ville. She is also a consulranr in t/11! Aiki approach 10 creQlive corf/lier resolutwn. conducring workshops in the fields of edµcarion and human services. SUGGESTED BOOKS Ct11ing 10 Y1.s Roger Fisher and William Ury TllL Magic ofCofl/liCI Thomas Crum Parent E/ftctiveness Traimng Thomas Gordon Swttl D'eamsfo' Lillie Onts: Btdlimt! Fan/IJJks 10 Build Self Estum Michael G. Pappas RESOURCE ORGANlZATJONS Childrcn"s Ctcativc Response to Conflict c/o Fclbwship ofRcconcili.11.IOn Box 271, Nyack. NY 10960 (914) 358-4601 Na-th Carolina Ccn1e1 for Peace Education 214 Piusboro Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (919)929·9821 The Eanh.stcwanis Network cto The Holycatth Foundation, PO Beu 10697 Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 (206) 842-7986 The Mediation Cciucr 408 County Court House. Asheville, NC 28801 (704} 2S 1-6089 The Nauonal Association for Mediation in E.ducation 425 Amity Sueet. Amherst. MA 01002 Parents llld Teachas for Social Rcsponsib.ility PO Box St7. MOtCIOwn, VT 05660 �From the Diary of a Modem Child How can I find a moral sense when falsehood lives protcetcd in governments? \\'hen playing false becomes the norm kids begin 10 wonder what's the form? Our role model> have been S10len our culture hns been stolen, corponue bored rooms determine our feeding, our clo1hing, tnmsp<>rting, and :;chooling style A way of gathering in council has been stolen by govcming images or faces we never see Menning ha:; been ~laced by scllini;, polling. and man ipulaung ... Waste bas been accelerated a~ we consume resources and spil out the remains on pi lcs of rock idols. profiteering religions. and streams of vidio Ulpc Is then: any way we can reclaim our live.~ from corporate and industrial wastelands or pictures that lie, jobs that don't work, :ind 'inter uiinment' tha1 teaches escapism a.~ a way of life that rcsponsibilily is boring· doesn't move fast enough • requires too much undeNanding ... Who is more immature the grown or the growing? At times it is in·sensing 10 think and feel hov. much and how quickly some aspects of human ~ociety are vanishing. It is as though the forces of our ungainly comple~ evolution arc usurping our ability to Ulke the time 10 recognize 1he v.onder and POCKET CULTURES by Wtll Ashe Bason When we look seven generations away we first sec ourselves and our children and then the grandchildren that are on tne Way. This is where our impact on the future is. I low arc we raising ourselves and our children and prepanng for our children's children Now? How can we restructure our lives so as to bener nunure ourselve:. and our children and our children's children? What sort of environmcm is best for growing whole and healthy humans? How do we bring this environmem into reJlilV in Katuah? Many of us "grew up" in the false commumries of modem amcrican cities or suburbs. These were and arc cnvironmenL<; which foster alienation. Almost everywhere is owned hy someone. People are "at home" only at home! lllc streets arc the only common ground around, and they belong 10 cars. There 1s relatively dense population without the community spin1 which would make such density bearable or even pleasurable. In reaction against this, some of us have chosen to live in rurul areas. We have tned to isolate and insulate ourselves from the dominant culture. Our children don't really underswnd this but they do understand that they want to be able 10 sec their friends more often then they do now, living at lhe end of funky driveways at 1hc end of long din roads. Fulfilling this need usually means school and spons and other activities which are driving us to drive. But the driving is not the worst of it, How can we build a new society, one without the faial dis eases of the old, if we send our children during their fol'TTl.llive yC41l'S to institutions whose very nature fosters competition, where s:icredness of place and being arc not even on the graph. Modem )C"I uon Jo~r~ pn9~ 24 necessity of simple enduring cultural bonds. Child "forwaroing" in the context of a dominating culture, or absence of culture, can be a very unsettling, frustrating, and paradoxical experience. Do we re-invent human cullurc again to satisfy the need to bring rights and meaning through the symbols we put into practice? Do we attempt some kind of symbiosis with a decaying power structure that needs a dose of creative innovation? Or do we just open the floodgates and let the grimy warer of predigested images and infonnation come into our senses without any sense of becoming in-sensed? The ad-age of images and sounds coming across screens and speakers 10 thousands of people each day may seem "cool" and scintilating but what arc their effects on the long-range accretion of mind, feeling, and decision for a child? Is it possible 10 create a suppon network that promotes family healing in the face of squashing pressures from a society that apparently doesn't represent or value many of the vital aspecb of its own being? Some of these impon-ances are sustainability, care for those less privileged. more extensive ecological well being, relevant work. a sense of the biological region we inhabit as home, and a healthy supponive extended family. What is the c:ltect of poverty on families m the Katuah region (and not just for us SCRUFFIES or Smanemng C:1retakers, Rurally Urbane, Fueled For Impoverished Ecological Survival)? What is the real effect of turbulence in 'broken homes' and 'instant familes' full of conflicting and compromising inrerests between close relatives and step-relatives on the gcner.il patterns of society? Perhaps 1hese questions arc 100 deep, yet these are the kinds of far-reaching ques1ions often coming to awareness these days. A major difficulty in trying 10 summon the context in which our vitals can flourish, wilhou1 being continually smothered in stress, manifests in the allure of electTOnic media, and its exrensive computer manipulation of visual and acoustic "space" that we all share. As this auruo/video gaming sucks in more and more attention it is essential io realize that it is not a clear expression of the whole mind of our species. The complex whole fields of human life encompass far more than movies. sit·coms, ads. and canoons could ever fuUillingly u:mslate. Commercial media is IJ'Uely an aucmpt by the few to dominate or falsify for the many. The right of choice in the means and content of any particular kind of media hypnotism should be considered~ primarv to essential responsible hum:in freedom . ~• Corporeally. Rob Messick American public schools are lhe melting po1 lef1 on 100 long to boil. They arc tee vec reali1y. At their best. they are only capabk of teaching the parts. Meaning lcs> lhL~ of wurds and dead f~g. organ:.. Our children only choose them because we haven t given them an alternative. We have presumed and pretended that providing an ahemative to school was mostly a mauer of legality and academics. In fact tt means providing a commun11y in which children can find friends as well as intellectual stimulation and emotional security. 11 is no1 enough 10 m~ulute ourselves from the dominant culture. We have 10 create new culture. Not another candidate for dominam culture. but hundreds and thousands of pocket cultures. Pocket cultures that anfully represent unique hum:in ad:ipiarion to unique and sacred places. Cultures m harmony with their environments and thus in harmony with each other. A iangihle culture of l'C.'.11 relationships between people and animals and plants and water and din and stone and architecture and real stuff hke that there and not a culture of tapes and magazme.~ and books and workshops and videos and seminars and full-Oedge~·n8J'$. etc. The culrurc that we have built m each other's heads is beautiful and true and meaningless unless it leads to way of life, which it will. The world is changing rapidly. Humans arc very. very numerous and on the move almost everywhere. Everyday we hear about more refugees and more homeless people. Earth's cities are overcrowded and choking on their own waste. It is a world of villages that will emerge from this nigh1marc. A world in which people once again know their neighbors.!'- ~orld ~ sobered by the environmental con sequences of our unthmking acuons. that respect for and worship of nature will once again be no1 the dommant bu1 lhe only religion. (c:on11nucd on ncxc P•&•) kllnter, l 989 - 90 �I know lll3Jly people of good ecological conscience who have bought land and wish 10 have a comm~nir_y. yet insist on living miles from each other. If a person ts wishing to move 10 one of these communities. about the fauxcs1 pas one could make would be t0 pick a house s!~t I~ near 10 a!1 ~i~ting home, ~nd 100 near usually means vmhin sight of. This 1ns1s1ence on d1s1a~ce seems . downright unfriendly when J_udged by '!ie Cherokee. T1beun. Thai. Dogon, Greek. Zulu, or Zuni (to name 1us1 a very few) standards. There is a very good book called A Pmtern Language by Christopher Alexander and some ~f his friends: and this l?ook i~ very highly respected among arch11ecrs and designers for its radical and coherent approach to archi1cc1ural planning. There is a paucrn called "connected play space"' and the book goes on to cite information to the effect that there is a direct corm;pondencc between neurosis and the number of friends that a child has growing up. Alexander and company used some statistics on family size and average 11ges of children and came up with the figure of 64 families as the number needed 10 insure that all children would have a good chance to find friends. They suggest that what children need is a community of this size in which each home borders on a continuous play area. In such a place, children would do much of the work we now call childcare. This is a much more time-honored and natural arrangement than the pauems we sec non-functioning around us at present. Children learn responsibility in taking care of other children. They also generally have a whole 101 more fun tllnte.r, 1989-90 hanging ar&ind with other kids. Saner and happier kids could help spread these virtues 10 the older folks. Adolescents have a compelling need to be around their own kind, which suits the rest of us just fine. This is sure easier 10 bring about in a small community than in isolated fanns1eads. Young people have a terrible SIJ'Uggle just trying to exist economically IOday. In villages and small communities young people can get good jobs and sec their friends regularly without the expense of a car. The ttansition from child 10 adult can be more gradual and na1ur.t.l 1han the current IJ"Cnd which is usually to move away from parents and friends who can function as a suppon group. Perhaps a 101 of suicide and depression is related to fear.; of nor being able 10 "make it on one's own'.' In a village or small community \\C: make it on our own 1oge1her, a much more reasswing and slllblc arrangemem. Perhaps future generations will look back at the dominant culture's concept of land ownership with the same horror with which we now view slavery. Up until fairly recently most of the \\Orld's people lived an agricultural village communities in which some or all of the land was owned or used in common. This common usage certainly more clearly reflects the basic biological reality of 1he planer we share. Children growing where some of the land is ~hared have a bener chance of learning ro see land as an en111y in it's own right. �Dear KatUah, Another excclltnt issue (Fall, 1989) ·But I mu't Like exception with lhc statement m Pnmck Clark's otherwise Cine arucle on the Eastern cougar/panther/paint.er. He wn1es: •Although it seems fitting and right for panthers tO be inh:lbiung the southern mountains. not one official sighting has been made. Until lhcn, panther ad"ocat~ have no basis for demanding protection for cougar habita1.0 (p.18) Wrong. The burden or proof is on the government to "prove" !here nr.: no pamhcrs. Until then. we must err on the side or lhc cml:ingcrcd cnt1er :llld manage as though lhcrc arc cougnrs. Curr.mil)· wildlife managers go by the dictum, •Extine! until proven ext.anL • We must rever<;e this: "Extant until pro"cn e~tincL • 01hcrwise, unscrupulous and/or incompetent managers c:in ignore even the best sightings. awruung the day someone brings in a cougar carcass to prove ther~ 1ll'C (oops, wue) cougan here. No compromise, Jwmc Saycn Prt.ltnJt Appoluchian IVildl!l'MSS DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH Yts, wt agru. f hanks. Jamie. ·eds. Dear Kaui3h. At first. thank you for sending me a copy of the Katlinh Journal and the U.N. Charter for Na1Urc. I agree wilh your "StatemenL or Purpose·'. I enjoyed about all lh.: Joumal's articles, you're really on the right way; I wish every 81oregions should have a journal like yours. Herc in ltaly, the BiOregional Movement is ju.st starting. That's fine. but I lhink. they're sull a bit humon-ccnu:rcd. I. as member of lhe Italian Wilderness Association's D1rec11ve Council. am trying hard to spread an ccoccnuic awarcncSl; among i~ members.. O.K. Happy llllils tO all of you. Cioo, Morcul Giuseppe Mantova, Italy Dear Folks, Congratulations on your grc:it "For All Things Wild issue! I, IOO. am deeply concerned nboul the "Norlh Carolina road binge." The same insanity grips Virginlll. We need 10 form a coohuon ag:Unst the most environment.ally dcslIUCtivc clement in technology. (I wrote an article about it in lhc earth First' Jow-nal, Vol. IX, No. II. 1988). The on-going and looming cnv1ronmcnuil destruction is truly pl:inct-shalung and i~ the mojor clement in lhc "grccnhot1~ effect" when the infrastructure is considered Unfortunately there seems to be a strong block, e"cn among cnvironmcntahSlS, r.t. the automobile. We need t0 overcome lhis nnd tach individual mu.it act to reduce dependence drastically Tunnies ngoin for a great issue. Enrlh Firstl Bob Mueller Dear Kaltiah, I have enclosed several pamphlets explaining lhc Na11onal Peace T3X Fund Bill. This bill 1s designed to allow !hose persons consc1cn1iou.~ly opposed IO war IO have thc military ponion Of their taxes dirccled toward peace rclaled proJCCl.S. Over onc-lhird of our 1ru1 dollars arc going for current military expenses, 10 say nothing or lhe add1tionnJ 19% t0 take Ct11e of past military expenses. Fof mon: inform:iuon aboul lhc Peace Tax Fund Bill, please write io: National Campaign for 11 Peace Tax Fund 2121 Decatur Pt. NW Wa-.hington. DC 20008 (202) 483-3751 Mrs. llarold Sir.Idler Dear Ka.Wah People. I think you JUSt keep geuing better and bcuer! Congrntula11on~ on puumg t.ogethcr an cons-1stently fine JOUmal. But I'm upset! I can't believe Kataah of all plaec.,. lhousht 11 wns ok to pnnt a want ad for "Christions Only." J really gOt goosct>umps when I '1111\ that ad. I wonder why none among you removed 1t from pnnt Did you think it would offend no one? (Why?) l~s so out or your charnctcr 10 print something discnmin:itmg "'h1ch could only be painful to members of our emerging community I'm sure you won't do u ngain. bu1 I want to let you know how I feel. Sincerely. Randee Brenner GoodslJl<h Thanh for )'011.r kind words for 1~ Kaulah Journal. l\'t fttl that inc/1Uw11 of 1~ ad is not 11uusarily n11.1 of choracta for ·1\'eb,.·orl11111" which fr 111tt.ntkd to h('/p connect people cf t~ rtgwn with rach mhu. Thll.S ii rtfkcu the divusity ofpeople and 111tuc1.11111~ rtgio11. To i11dicatt that a f1U1ctio11 is "for chrwians 011/y" dot.< not necessarily co1Utit11.1t discrimlflaJiDn. bw rather Is 1ntt!ndtd to connut "'.t:mbus cf a s~cijic interest group. • tds JC.a• ah Journm ptu)e 26 l.ltnlcr, 1989-90 �Hau Kauiah, I am wriung lh1s lcllcr to you m reference to our ncwslcucr called 'echoes of lhc drum'. I am interested m pulling 11 m the wcbworkmg section of lhc Katllah Journal. Bui I wlll explain a liulc about ii before I go any further. 'echoes of lhc drum' 1s no1 your onlinnry ncwslcucr. It is not hke the of the ocwslcucr~ that only put news in 11. The news thnt we put in the newsleucr revolves around und1tional teaching or the Ntui\'C American Indians and lho1r Sacred Red Road. h eamo 11bou1 as a need to be able to get 1r.1du1onal tcachmgs m10 the iron houses (prisons) throughout Tunic hlJlnd. rcs1 I was a member of the Thunderbml Pmon Alliance. but when I saw that their goal was ne>I to tench but to become an acthl't sort of group. I separated myself from thc organi1.a1ion. And followed the mcditmc teaching thu1 I was brought up in. As a Lakot.a and descendent of several medicine icachers and trad1uon;ll leaders of my people, I left the radical a' u vi st ways behind and chose 10 seek a more aauvc involvement in gcmng the trnduional tcoch1ngs ms1dc the 1ronhouscs. And since money wns a big factor 111 not being able to buy books frQm publishers. I <;ought a \•isie>n "hlte I was inside lhc solitary confinement MX"llon of the Staunton Corrccuonal Center. As I fasted and prayed to Wnkan Tan~a. the vision came 10 me. And m the vision l saw the Ancestors calling out 10 me 10 tca.:h the teachings of all indigenous tribes. and not just only the Lakota way,. Because 111-.dc the iron houses there were more than JUSt Lakol<ls and behind the iron doors. The vision told me 10 remember bad. to when the drums sounded out with messages 10 the different villages. To become one with th•· 'ound of lhosc drums. And Ihm was the bcgmmng of the' ision or which I now follow. And 1hal 1s where the ncwslcucr got 1lS name from. II h called 'cch<X!s of 1hc drums'. The hardcM pan afterwards wa.~ to spc.ik to the Eld.: rs and TClKhcrs of the different tribes, to help me in this end<'.a,·or. And they saw the sUlt'Cfll)' in whal I wa.~ doing. And th.:y have all come 1ogcth.:r and pro' id~ me 11. ith teachings I will cnclo'e a copy of the ncw,lcuer. The next part was 10 resolve the issue or nm to wruc each and every warden of the different iron houses 1hroughout Turtle hland. So I went to the Lihrary of Congress m request for an I S S.N permit. And u 11.as granted. and therefore clc;mng another step m getung the teachings inside the iron houses by way or a ncwslcucr And from the initial 75 ncwslcncrs that were sent lo 1hc guys and women 1hroughou1 Turtle hl:md, the ncwskncr has grown to a ma1l111g l"t of over four-hundred and flfiy now. And 1hc 1mponan1 thing 1s thal 1hc ocw~lc11er 1s free or chargc. This is in ;icc;ordancc wnh the traditional 1c:11;hcrs that I have gi,cn my word to, that I would m no way ~II what 1~ given to us by th.: Grl'lll Sp1nt. And therefore I have done so. And II will be the pohr~ thal th.: newsleucr will never be sold, nor will then> Ile a -.uhscripuon r.i1e ror ll. The one message " 1hu1 the ncwslcuer is nQI onl) for 1nmale<. bu1 for ull who wisll to lcum from the teaching th:u arc in the newsletter>, We don't a.sk for any donation for the ocw~lcncr. we asi.. that 1f anyone wishes IO receive the ncwslcuer, tha1 lhcy help with the postage of it We give to all that Wl.'h 11, whether they can aHorJ to send postage or not. It will not be denied to anyone that wants 11. And our mo1lm1t hst 1s growing daily. So 1f an)·onc who wishes to rccc1\'C it. they c311 do so by writing the following people and they will be pul on the mailing li\t. I.) Thundcrhawk, 157372, Editor Rt.2Box Ill BIWld, VA 24315-9616 2.) Moonyccn Scay, Publi:>hcr P.0 Box 860; Vcron;i, VA 2441!2 3.) Zandc Griffith, AsM. Editor, 'echoe.~ of the drum' R.R. 1; Box 11 l·B: Pamphn. VA 23951! From v. hat I ha\'c 11. riucn you may lake anylhmg oul of 11 and put 11 the Wcbworkmg scc1ion. Or 1f you choose 10, you may me and wnt.: nhou11hc ncwslcucr once you have read 11. I will do~e thi' lcuc-r for now. lllld m clo~1ng I Jlf8Y that th.: Four Wm<;h do grant you the People of Kat~1 Jllany of beautiful 'iOngs of joy. \\'akan Tanl;a ntCI un wclo. I rClld your wonderful papcr and was cxcucd by it. You arc really doing a grea1 thing by pubhshmg the kind~ of things you prin1. One cmicbm: 11.hy nOI prim on recycled p:ipcr'! Sintetcly, Lonna Richmond Kno~villc, Tcnncs.~ Good question! Ont wt've often cn11sidertd. With all our local pruittr.<, rtcycltd paper would nu:an tlrat 1<-e would havt to bu}' o full roll of rtcyclt:d new.<print UI an enormous prirt wt cll!lnot anywhere near afford. Rccytlahlc f'<ll'e.T u tht be.ft wt con dQ riRht now. ·eds. Dl:ar KatU.lh, I just had 10 write and express appreciation for your summer '89 issue. It 1s a very thorough message mspinng all who read 11: to act rather than to ri:act. JOin wilh others for peace, listen mlhcr th.an shove. Welcome messages to a world or people rc.idy to run if we ,,lightly scno;c a hmt of bcm!l pushed. And lhcn ...as I looked for your address I saw a book review on /hr Chaliu arid Tiit Bladt--an incredible book I'm currently rtadmg Some things ju,1 fall in place, don'1 they! My heartfelt th:inks, Brcc1.e Bum.\ Quincy, Florida in Visual comments on tefc~·ision by Thom Preston (left) and Rob Messick (above). Muakyc Cya.,m. Thunikrhawk 1t K.Ul®n • 1.1 nDI paqd 27 ;r. '' Jour r '~ ft �New ELF In Town For six years Franklin and Susan Sides have been head gardeners at the Mother Eanh News demonstration gardens in Hendersonville in the upper reaches of the French Broad River. Now they have taken the first steps to distill their collective experience into a self-published newsletter that, in their words, "chases the soul of gardening." Rather than emphasizing the "how-to" aspects of gardening, their small publication will concern itself more with the delights and fears, the successes and mistakes, the small revelations and moments of humor that gardening brings. The Sides are asking for help for their infant publication. Quotes, shon articles, humor, poems, prayers, leuers, diaries are all eagerly solicited. And, of course, chan er subscribers are also welcomed. The first issue of this infant publication is scheduled for March, 1990. To contact Franklin and Susan Sides with submissions or inquiries, write them at: Rt. I , Box 57; Fairview, NC 28730. continued from p. 14 The increasingly critical planetary environmental situation has led many activists, both young and old, to the conclusion that polite protestations are not enough ro solve our present ills and that means of direct action arc necessary to save life on Earth in all its many manifestations. This holds true for the Ka1uah Province as well. A core group of fifty activists has fonned a Southern Appalachian chapter of Earth First!, a continental group known for its srrong stands and creative actions on behalf of the planet and all its species. The local chapter has taken the name Earth Liberation Front (ELF). The new group is action-oriented. At its first meeting the chapter decided to make its initial focus the controversy over cleareutting in the watershed from which the city of Asheville draws its drinking water and took 11 field trip out to the area the following week. "This is only a beginning," said one activist, identified only as Roadkill, "The natfonal forests are being decimated by roading and habitat destruction, and rampaging development is taking over more and more available habitat area. Our goals are to bring an awareness of the ecological law of 'carrying capacity' to the human population he~ and to restore wild habitat hy creating a large biosphere preserve in the Southern Appalachians that would be linked by connecting corridors to other preserve areas up and down the whole Appalachian Range " To jom ELF in its effons as pan of Eanh Fu-st! or for more information ahout the group, write them at Box 17 I: Alexander. l\C; Katuah Province 28701. '-''= 'I $ ~~ BARE .~ ..=.,.; 11' :J ESSENTIALS Natural Foods .~ .. Wine Making The Spirit of the Wild James Rhea's artwork that was the logo for the "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference and the cover of Issue 25 of the K011iali Jmmw/. is now available to ;ill as conference posters and T-Shins. The poster. are beautiful. four·color 11" x 17'' renditions of the native species portrJll with conference information below and are available for $2.00. The T-shins arc heavy-duty, all-cotton. silkscreencd by Ridgerunner Naturals. Only large and extra-large sizes remain. They are available for$ l 0.50. Prices include postage. NC residents please add 5% sales tax. All proceeds from the sale of these items will support rescue actions for native habitat in the Southern Appalachian forest. Order fmm· KALANU Box 282; Sylva, 1\C Katuah Province 28789 •: Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grmns Vicamins & Supplcmcnrs Wheat, Salt, & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes •• Hair & Skin Care Produus • I11 200 west Kini! Street. Boone NC 28607 .. \.... ~\)-=- :c :c 111 __)~ 704-264-5220 ~· =4'.. 1 124 broadway ashevJlc. nc 28801 ]04-252-8..(04 carolina costume compa11y Katuah: Approval - giving 100% approval so there's no failing involved - that's what's lacking in our schools and why there's so much fear. It's incredible when you see how receptjve kids are to approval • 'cause Lhey have so much to give. Bonnie: It's attitudes. As the teacher walks through that door - how the children respond as a group is directly related to her attitude. Directly. I've seen it so many times that l feel it's an absolute truth. If the teacher is affirmative and listens to the children and inspires creativity then the children are eager to learn. Teachers all have to take psychology but if it's not their interest they may nor use it. But everybody's interested in what's fun and funny. They say people learn 80% mo~e effectively when they're laughing! Ev~~ tf you're not using puppets you l'lln be pos111ve and have joy in th.: classroom more often than not. Katuah: Could you say what you love most about your work? Ilonnie: h 's fun' I have a great time. ll's definitely not something I cho:,;e - the puppet:; chose me. / ~ Beer & Supplies you could get literature in there, 100. But there's so much specializing in schools that you don't get to put things together. And puppetry puts it together. I'd like to see the<ltre become a standard pan of elementary education ... for teachers to have to take puppetry in order to be educators. I've created workshops where I teach teachers how to use puppets in the classroom and Textend that to counselors and therapists ... anybody who works with people. I'd like to get rid of some of the rules and standards and replace them with imaginative, affirmative attitudes and teaching methods... then you're right on the crux of the whole problem in the institution. 801111ie Blue ca11 he camacted a1 PO Bo.\ lo57. Asltcville. NC 28802 (7()./) 6./5-9918. l\10LNTAIN ARTS PROGRAM C'rc.1w.I 1n I IJ1!3, lh~ Mouniam Mts Progr-dm (\!AP) ha." 'J'O!Nm.'d hundred' of ani,t·m rc,11kncc rrogram< for sd1ool • in wc,tcm 1'C. \' isu;il anisl< . dr~mall\IS, Jugi:lcr'. clo" ns, rn1111~'· mu,1cians, crafl<Jl<.'Of>l.: and wr111 ""orl. in >ehool\ r11r a wc.:I••11 ;i umc, 1yricall> '11<.·nJmg al kasl l\\O week' In a rnun1v. Rcs1Jcnc1c' i:"c -iudcms an opponuniL}' 10 r:it1ic,1patc m tfifktcnl an forms With \\Or~ing profc""onJh who ha'c ll tugh lc,cl of energy :inJ ,111hu,,..1.,m for their a.t. An) one intcrcslCJ m ha•mg .1n ar11s1 1n their .s<. hoot may coma< I a "chool .1dm1ni,1talor :ind rcq11~,I a 'l.tAP rrogr.un C'urrcntl)· \IAP 1s .;cr,·mg 14 coun11c' with 27 .ir1""· An"tlrom ;ill d1sc1pllnc\ arc cnrnuragcd 10 a[>f>I). For inronnouon or to reqllr\l llll ap1•ha111.. n, ""tc \11\P. no, 11611. Bumw1lk:, ;-;c 21!71.!, (7(>1) f.8~·721' t.>rntlr . t 989-90 �FOREST RESCUE IN THE KAT UAH PROVINCE (An Ecological Manifesto for the Southern Appalachian Bioregion) These are program ideas drawn from the discussion at the forest rescue action workshop. "For All Things Wild," held on Saturday, OcLOber 28 at Warren Wilson College. The workshop was held on the day following the conference "Restoring Biodiversily in the Southern Appalachians: A Strategy for SwvivaJ" and drew heavily on the ideas and analysis presented at the conference. All human use wirhin the biosphere preserve area must conform to the demands of old-growth habita1 10 maintain ample numbers of all native species. A grassroots initiative will be needed to bring this issue before the federal Congress. 2) There can be no funher road construction within the regional biosphere preserve, and we must begin clo~ing exi~ting roads that in1erferc with the needs of old-growth habuat species. The context for these proposals is the Preserve Appalachian Wilderness proposal envisioned by Jamie Sayco of New Hampshire. Put simply, the PAW proposal calls for a system of large evolutionary or biosphere preserve areas along the AppaJachian Mountain Range connected by wide mignuion corridors to enable the movement of individual species and genetic information up and down the length of the mountain range. The preserves would maimain a variety of viable habitat areas and characteristic ecosystems in protected landscapes large enough to suppon the largest native carnivorous predators and diverse enough to maintain all representative native species. (For a more detailed explanation of the PAW proposal, see Ka11iah Jour1111/, Issue 20.) The "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference clearly demonslTated the necessity for profound and immediate change. The Appalachian hardwood forest is being severely compromised by human activities It may soon be unable to fulfill its integral role in local and planetary life support. We arc already in a crisis situation, and we need to think .and act boldly to meet the ecological demands of our time. The current political and social realities are self-serving and irrelevant due 10 a distorted world-view which values the continued dominance of Lhe human species al any cost. To conform to these present realilies would only lead us further along a suicidal course. A bold new vision based on ecological reality is required instead. To correct the imbalance beLWeen the human inhabitants of these mountains and our natural habitat, and to preserve the original inhabitants - the native species - we must act. These arc necessary first steps toward ecological sanity in the Katuah Province: l} A// the 3.5 million acres of public lands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains shall be mandated to be a regional biosphere reserve. AU inholdings need to be incorporated a~d the national forests shall be extended to the purchase boundanes to complete the biosphere preserve area. 'lljaee, '1\!tllngl 'Na@raj,s T-S HIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS For ADULTS and CHILDREN ORIGINAL HAND·PRINTED NATURE DESIGNS 3) Commercial logging in the biosphere reserve area must cease. This would not be an undue economic hardship for the region, as only 10% of the wood cut in the Southern Appalachian region comes from the areas presently in national forest. Compared 10 the ecological and social value of a large preserve area, the dollar value of logging in the national forests is inconsequential! 4) The Southern Appalachian Biosphere Preserve must be connected to other natural areas. To this end: - create a wide, viable wildlife corridor between the Cherokee National Fores1 in Tennessee and the Jefferson National Fores1 in Virginia - re-define all major waterways as aquatic habimt corridors from the mountains to the sea - and create a corridor connection between the Southem Appalachian bioregion and the Florida Peninsula biorcgion. 5) Bring human population lo a level within the ecological carrying capacity of the bioregion - a size which does not interfere wi1h the integrity or functions of the natural life community in the Southern Appalachians. , Rather than promote accelerated growth, we must work to decrease human numbers and impact to bring our species to its proper level of influence within the region. 6) T ake a leading role in efforts to end atmospheric deposition/air pollurion that is destroying the Southern Appalachian forest and contributing to global warming. 7) Change our individual and social consciousness and lifestyles to harmonize more closely with the natural conditions:# the Southern Appalachian bioregion. p .. - David Wheeler t!lti11ue At11p1111t/11re all Jler/J111D111 t!li11it CALL or WRITE for FREE COLOR CATALOG DE..5 1GNS by Rob \lessic.k Jllus1ra11011 & Design in Pen & Ink and Colored Pencil Natural Food Store & Dell 160 Broedw9y Ashevllle, NC 28801 Wher9 Broedw9y ~ Mmmnon Ave & ~40 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Mond.)'·S.un:lay: lllim-8pm Sund.y; f ptn-Spm (704) 253-7656 Wl.ntcr, 1989- 90 ~t.Uah )ournGt P'"Je 29 �RECYCLED PAPER! - Directory of products sources for the sou~ Suggcsacd donation S 1.00 ao Western Norah Carolina Alliance, PO Box 18087. Asheville. NC 28814 (7~) 258-8737. HOMESCHOOLING FAMILIES gaaher on a weekly basis. weather permitting, at Lake Louise in Weaverville, NC on Wednesdays from 11:30 am until 1:30 • 2:30 pm. We arc a small group, very mfonnal, and open to anyone who wanas to join us to exchange energy, infonnauon, ideas. and playume. For more information, call Alice Coblcnu (7()4) 6S8-2676. BIODYNAMICALLY GROWN Com seed. Mini-pops to giant fillers. Varieue.~ for no-aill wilhoua hclbicidcs • and fOf compos1 ralher lhan salt rcnilization. For caaalog please send SASE 10 • Union Agriculwral lnstituae, Ra. 4 Box 463S, Blairsville. GA 30512. MOUNTAIN DULCIMERS • m3de of black walnua, red cherry. or maple. Tops available in wormy chestnut. buuemut, swcctgum, o;o~fras. western cedar, and other woods. ConlllCt: Mize Dulcimer Company; RL 2. Box 288; Blounaville, 37617 (615) 323-8489. GREENING CARDS· concspondencc and advocacy cards for people who care. Onginal an reproduced m color. (10% of proc;ccds don<lled ao proJCCLS ror peaoc and jus11ce.) Wriae to Ginny Lentz. LovEanh ™ SEA KAYAKfNG ·Come enjoy peace and solitude llllvehng wiah lhe rhylhms or lhe sea. Classes. day trips, overnight aours, cusaom charters. Kayal;/Sallboat tours 10 lhe Bllhamas. Knyak tours to Cosaa Rica. For more informntion contaca: Charlie Reeve:;; Sea Level Inc.: POB 478; Tybee Island, GA 31328 (912)786-S8S3 Creations: Box 144S: Black MounaaJn, NC 28711. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS· habaJ salves, tincaures. &: ojls for birthing cl family health. For brochure, please wriac: Moon Dance Fann: RL I, Bolt 726: Hampton. 37658. ™ SCffiNCE TEACHER, ecologically aware, dcsm:s land in KatUah, preferably E. Tenn. or W. North Carolina for evenaual il\Mbiaauon. Mu.~1 lie well w/ road fronaage. Conaaca: B. Bicmullcr: Soulh Brunswick H.S.: Mammoch JcL, NJ 08852. AUTHOR SEEKING RECIPES for wild fOOds 10 comribuaors JR book upon publication. Recipes needed for fi'lh. game, wild plants. Thomas K. Squier, N.D.: Ra. I, Box 216; Abcrdc<:n NC 28315. cookbook. Will give c.rcdia CONSCIOUS COUPLE & infana, wish 10 learn/wort on organic farm for housing + slipcnd OR carelake a residence on acreage. Very comm1aed and sincere. Wana to leave ahc cuy and profcss10ns to work IOW8rd scU sufficiency. Can rcloc:ue Cllrly June '90. Open to Options. Please Con13c:1; Dan & Barb Umbcrget: 347 Sinclair Ave. N.E.; Allanm. GA 30307. (404) S21-2971 SKYLAND • log on to the computer bulletin board or the Smokies. Networking. plus new~ on the environment. natwc photography. giuncs. compuaer utilities, much more. Conaiiet Michael Havelin. sysop, (704) 254-7800. NATIJRAL CHILDBIRTH CLASES 'PCCiali1mg In Lile Bradley Method. Classes arc small and include nutrition physiology. consumerism. parenting skills, and rclaxaaion and labor SUJll'O'I techniques. For more informaaiOn call or write Maggie Sachs; 808 Florida Ave.: Bri~tol, TN 37620. (61S) ?M-2374. "THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT" • a complete report on our changing cmironmcna for lhc ncxa 60 years. $17.00 po~tpaid, or write for more information. Lorien House; POB 1112; Blac~ Mountain, NC 28711-1112. • PURE SORGHUM - and sorghum based dcsscr~ toppings and chocolates. Handmade m the Appalachian (OOthiUs. Free sorghum recipe bto.:hure send SASE. Candy sampler (2-KY Buckeye~ & 2-Bourbon Balls) S2.00 J>Cl'\lpaid. Golden Kcntuc:ky Products; POB 246: livmgslOO, KY 40445. (606) 453-9800. X.Oti&ah Jo\4rno! p"'Jl' 30 WANTED: HOUSE TO RENT. Profo.. "S1onal ccllha and arust with one child are IOOking for a country house. m lhC SUITOUn<ling A1.hev1llc, NC area from June I, 1990. Please conuact Ron & Rachel ClearfielJ: 7800 Colhn.~ Avenue; Miami Beach Fl.. 33141 (305) 86S-048 I. CIRCLES RETURNING • a new cassette by Bob Avery•Grul>cl' This JS music 10 touch lhc soul and heal ahe heart. Lynes included. To order send SIO per casscuc to: Bob Avcry·Grubcl; Rt l Box 735: Floyd, VA 2400 I St..~FOODS • fresh. hand-made herbal skin prepwaaions at '="able onces. Send for price list~ 106 E. Ma111 SL. Johnson City. TN 37601 REMEDY FOR rnE COMMON COLD?· I've found one; it\ natural and 11 works Send S3 and your SASE to: Heaven on Enrah; 482 Whue Oal. Cle Rd.; Burnsvlllc, NC 28714. RENEWAL PROGRAMS· I prov1Jc mdiv1dual and corporate renewal programs for bus1ncsse~ & organi1.ations interested m hcahng thcmsclvc~ and providing cmpowcrmcna 10 oth.:~. Wrote· Kalh1c Pieper c/o Pieper A~~oc1ntcs: Ra I, Box 238: Waync.~v1llc, NC 28786. CREATION SOAP- lund·crnfacd herbal soaps from the Blue Ridge Mounwn.~. Rose and bvcndet soaps, mo1>1uri1.mg bar, slumpoo/cond1t1oncr bar. Contnet Anna: RL I, Box 278; Blowmg RoU, NC 28605 (7™) 262-2321. YOGA FOR ALL AGES- Ongoint; cla.<;:;C.S m the Asheville lllC;l, workshops for group~. aml rnvaac sessions. Give your..clr the s1fa or wellness and peace. For more 1nfonna11on .:all Bo~ Kelly (704) 2.S4-8698. ORGANIC HONEY· Tulip Poplar, Sourwood,and Wildnowet. From Patrick Counay, Virginia. No chemicals. no white sugar, no hC11t, ever. Strained through cheesecloth and packed JR heavy glass canning J31'S. For a 4-oz. sample of our premium sourwood and our catalog, send S4 10: Wade Buckholas & Megan Phillips; Route 2. Box 248: Stuart, VA 2A 171. (703) 694-4571 STIL-LIGHT THEOSOPHICAL RETR EAT CENTER • a quiet sp3Ce for personal mediaalion, group inaerneaion through study, and community won:. and ~p1titual '1Cm1rnir;. Conmca Leon Frankel; RL I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 287116. MOCCASINS, bnndcruftcd of elkhide in ahc trlld1lionnl Plains Indian style. W:ucr rc,~iswna, resoluble, and rugged • gtC<lt for hiking! Children's and infana sizes available. \'/rue: Blue Feather Mocca~ms: Box 931: Asheville. NC 28802, or call Pollick Clark Bl (7~) 2S3-5<};7. NATURE LOVERS' COMMUNITY • Chrisainns only. S1000 gives you hfctimc owncl'>h1p righlS on .S acres. Whole propetty consists of -is acres of wooded calm and privacy. Write: Gospel Ministry; P.O. Box 6S4: Clinton, TN 37717. RHYTHM .6LIVE • Handcrafacd African- Style Drums, workshops. learning tapes, drumbng_~. and aacssoncs. Please send SASE IO Rhythm Ahvc!; SS Phaux Cove Rd.: Weaverville, NC 28787 {704) 645-3911. NEW AGE · group forming. All mtcrc~aed m \haring about spirit to spirit commun1cotion, channchng. v1suah1auon, hc;ihng, chokrns, IMOI, etc. Emphasis on spmt and our connccaion to Mother Earth, v1suaH1mg po~11ivc growth and nurturing Conaact· Thcrc"a Carlson; ?SOI Ruic Rd .. Knoxville. TN 37920. WJ:BWORKING 1s free. Send submLssioos to: Kattlah Journal P.O. Box 63R Lc1.:.:,acr. NC Katllah Province 211748 Wint.er, 1989- 90 �The Kan1ah Journal wanrs ro communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as le11ers, poems, stories, articles. drawings. or pliowgraphs, etc. Please send your comributions to us aJ: Kati/ah Journal; P. 0 . Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kati/ah Province 28748. The Spring 1990 issue of the Ka11foh Journal will be focusing on "Wellness in the Mountains." We are looking for information and aniclcs on !hose who contribu1e to the heahhful quality of life in our southern mountains; especially through activities which promote self-responsibility and a high level of wellness as the normal living state. Issue 28 of the KatUa11 Journal (Summer, '90) will take up the topic of "Carrying Capacity" and the burgeoning impact of the human presence and human teehnology in !he mounrains. The issue will look beyond the last induscrial smoke-cloud and past the end of real estate, when we apply !his imponant ecological principle to our own selves. BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE · SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agricuhure • SunJlowcn • HWTWI Impact on Ille Fon:st • Cltlldrcns' Education Veronica Nicholas:Wom1n m Poli11cs • Linle People • Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR · SUMMER 1984 WateT Drum • WalCT Quality . Kudzu - Solu Eclipse • Clc.vcuuing · Trout • Going IO Waler Ram Pumps - MICIOhydro - Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, nm Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE . FALL 1984 Hll'Vcst • Old Ways in Cherokee . Girucng · lofuclear Wu1e • Our Celtic Heritage · Bioregionalism: Past, Pre""t, and Future • John Wilnoty • Healing DatlaiC$S • Politics of Participation ISSUE SIX · WINTER 1984-&s Winier Solstice Eanh Ceremony • Horsepastur< River • Coming of the Light • Log Cabin Rooia • MO\llll&in Agiculture: The Right Crop - William Taylor ·The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN · SPRING 198S Sustainable Economics - Hoi Springs • Worker Ownership - The Great Economy . Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey • Responsible Invuting • Woricing in lhc Web of Life ISSUE ElGIIT - SUMMER 198S Cclcbntion: A Way of Life · KauW. 18,000 Ye«n Ago • S-W Sites • Folk Arts in Ille Schools • Sun Cyclr./Moon Cycle • Poems: Hilda~ . Chuobe HaUa&e Cenll::r. Who Owns Appilachia? ISSUE NINE· FALL 198S The Waldu Forest - The Trees Speak • Mi&ratin& Forata • Hone Louina - Swtini a TrecCrop • UtbanTrea -AQQQI Bn:.od . Myth Tmo ISSUE TEN · WINTER 198S-i6 Kate Rogers • Circles of Sionc • Internal Mylllmaking • Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: Steve Kmulll • Mytltlc Places • The Uktena's Tale • Crystal Magic "OrcamspW.ina" ISSUE TWENTY ..ONE • Fall, 1988 Chutnuts: A Natunl Hwory • Restoring the Chc:AAut . "Poem or Preservation and Praise" Continuing the Quest - Forests and Wildlife Chestnuts in Regional Diet - Chestnut Resources • Herb Note . Oood Medicine: "Changes to Come" • Re•iew: Wliuc legmds Live ISSUE ELEVEN · SPRINO 1986 Community Pl1nning - Cities and the Bioregional Vision - Recycling • Community Gardening· Floyd County, VA - Gasohol • Two Bioreglonal Views • Nuclear Supplement Foxfire Games · Ooocl Medicine: Visau ISSUE TWENTY-TWO · W°U11er, '88--89 Global Warm.ing • Fire This Tune - Thomu Berry on "Bioregions" · Earth E.xcrc:is4' . Kort Loy McWhiru:t - An Abundance or Emp<inea LETS - Cllroniclea of Floyd • Darry Wood .• TheBIOlltClm ISSUE THIRTEEN . Fall 1986 c - For Awakening • Elizabelll Callari - A Gentle Death • Hospice • Ernest Morgan Dealing Creatively with Death • Home Burial Box • The Wake • The Raven Moc.ku • Woodslorc and Wildwoods Wisdom • Oood Medicine: The s.._ Lodge ISSUE TWENTY-THREE - Spring, 1989 Pisgah Village • Pl111e1 An - Orcen City Poplar Appeal - "CllOllt Sky" · "A New Eulh" Black Sw1n • Wild IAvcly Days - Reviclwa: Socred Land Socr«d Sa; Ice "6«. Poem: "Sudclcn Tc:ndrits" ISSUE FOURTEEN . Winter 1986-87 lJoyd C.rt Owle • Boogers Ind Mummcn • All Species Day • Cabin Fever Univonity • Homeless in Kaulah • Homemade Hot Wat..Stovemalter's Narrative - Oood Medicine: Interspecies Communic:alion ISSUE EIOITTEEN. Winter 1987-88 Vamcular Archilecture • Dreams in Wood and Sione • Mountain Home • Earth Energies • Euth-She.llcred Uving • Membrane Houses • Brush Shelter • Poems: Octobu DWJt. • Good Medicine: "Shell.Cr" ISSUE FlFTE.E.N • Spring 1987 CoverlelS • Wom1n Forester - Susie McMahan Midwife • Alternative Contraception • Bioscxuality • Bion:gionalism 1nd Women Oood Modicinc: MAlriudW Culture - Petarl ISSUE NINETEEN · Spring. 1988 Perelmdra Cl~ · Spring Tonics • Blueberries WildOower Gardens - Cranny Herbalist • Flower Eucnces • "The Origin of lhc Animals: Siory. Good Modlcinc: "Power" - Be AT"'° ISSUE SIXTEEN · Summer 1987 Helen Waite • Poem: Visions in a Garden • Vision Quest - First Flow • lnitillion • Leaming in the WUclemess • Cherokee OWJcnp - -Valuing Trees" ISSUE TWENTY · Summer. 1988 l'luave AppaJacru.n Wildr:mw · HiaJ!landl of Roan • Cclo Community - l.IDd Trust Anh11r MOf1111 School - Zonin1 luue • .,,,_ Ricl&e" • Farmers and \he Farm Bill • Good Medicine: "lMld" - Acid Rain - Duke's Power Play · Chaokee Miaohydro Projoc:t ISSUE TWENTY ·FOUR - Summer. '89 Deep Listt:rting · Life in AIOmic C"lly - OiftlCt Actlonl · Tree of Pe.ce • Commuruty Buildlftg Pcaccmaltcrs - Ethnic Survival • Pairing Project • "Ba.tllesong" • Growing Peace in Cullurea · Review: Tltc Clta/iuOlld IN Blatk ISSUI! TWENTY-FIVE· FALL. 1989 The Gn:at Forest • Resl.orina Old Orowtlt • Regional Planning • Tunbcr • Forest Roada Poem: Sparr- Hawk. · A Pl..:e f« Bun • '7/uu FLU 1/tc RtWi HLaElfl" • l!utern P1nthcr • Oak Decline • People md Habiw Wtld S--n.s - Daner Fair - - - ---- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- ---- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ~UAtt)OURNAL P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Formo~info: Name Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address City call Mamie Muller (704)683-1414 State Zip Enclosed is $ to give this ejfon an exua bOOst I can be a local contaet Area Code loll.mer, 1989-90 Phone Number person for my area Back Issues = Issue# __@ $2.50 S_ _ Issue# _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue#_@ $2.-59= $_ _ Complete Set (3-1 J, 13-16, 18-25) @ S3s.oo =s__ 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 26, Winter 1989-1990 Description An account of the resource The twenty-sixth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on children and parents: their roles in family and in the bioregion. Authors and artists in this issue include: Thomas Berry, Samala Hirst, Ellie Kincade, Linda Metzner, Lucinda Flodin, Martha Perkins, Jan Verhaeghe, Christina Morrison, Karen Watkins, Doug Woodward, Trish Severin, Susan Griesmaier, Aviva Jill Romm, Tom Youngblood-Petersen, Rob Messick, Will Ashe Bason, Jermain Mosely, Marnie Mikell, James Rhea, Martha Tree, and David Wheeler. This issue also features an interview with Bonnie Blue, puppeteer. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-1990 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Coming of Age in the Ecozoic Era by Thomas Berry.......1<br /><br />Kids Saving Rainforests by Samala Hirst.......4<br /><br />Kids' Treecycling Company.......5<br /><br />Conflict Resolution and the Family by Ellie Kincade.......6<br /><br />Developing the Creative Spirit by Linda Metzner........8<br /><br />The Balloon is a Unicorn by Artspirit Studio.......9<br /><br />Birth Power by Lucinda Flodin and Martha Perkins.......10<br /><br />Birth Bonding by Jan Verhaeghe.......11<br /><br />The Magic of Puppertry: An Interview with Bonnie Blue by Christina Morrison and Karen Watkins.......12<br /><br />Home Schooling by Doug Woodward and Trish Severin.......15<br /><br />Ceremony: Traditional.......16<br /><br />Mother Earth: The Natural Classroom by Susan Griesmaier.......18<br /><br />Biodegradable Diapers by Aviva Jill Romm.......18<br /><br />Resources........19<br /><br />Gardening Tips for Children by Tom Youngblood-Petersen.......19<br /><br />Natural World News.......20<br /><br />"From the Diary of a Modern Child" by Rob Messick.......24<br /><br />Pocket Cultures by Will Ashe Bason.......24<br /><br />Drumming.......26<br /><br />Forest Rescue: An Ecological Manifesto.......29<br /><br />Webworking.......30<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville</em> <em>Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Puppeteers Conflict management Natural childbirth Child rearing--Appalachian Region, Southern Home schooling North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980s Agriculture Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Definitions Black Bears Community Education Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Katúah Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Western North Carolina Alliance Wilderness Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/6ac3b2d6326ea4a47a252670915b7c24.pdf 39d93874ae21ffbb586dcabe91047fcd PDF Text Text ISSUE 27 SPRING 1990 $1.50 BIOREGIONAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS �Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 P.O. Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �Personal and Planetary Transformation: A Holistic Model of Healing.......... ! by Richard Lowenthal The Healing Power...................... 4 by David Wheeler Peace to Their Ashes .................... 6 by Sam Gray Healing in Katuah........................9 by Doug Aldridge "When Left to Grow" ................. 10 a poem by Rob Messick "Calling to the Ancestors, Calling Our Relations" .......... 11 poems by Stephen Wing PERSONAL AND PLANETARY TRANSFORMATION: A HOLISTIC MODEL OF HEALING The l3elly .................................. 12 by Lisa Sarasohn by Richard Lowenthal EARTH DAY 1990 !!. ................ 15 a special pull-ow supplement Food From the Ancient Porest.. .. .19 by Snow Bear Natural World News ..................20 Good Medicine .......................... 24 Drumming ................................ 26 Leners to Katuah Journal Events ...................................... 29 Webworking ............................. 30 It is abundantly clear that the Earth is in the midst of a tremendous ecological crisis. Human societies the world over are also experiencing phenomenal changes and crises as are the individuals who live in them. Our collective destiny seems to be shifting rapidly, and may well be careening out of control. A very good question, at this point in our evolution, is "What is happening to us and to the planet - and where are we heading?" Our planetary crisis, like all crises, combines great danger and great opportunity. If we are to meet the challenge successfully, we need to understand both the dangers and the opportunities - and learn how to deal with them. The best model I have found, to help us approach comprehension of this planetary crisis, is derived from the holistic understanding of health, illness, and the healing process. In order to better understand what is happening on a global scale, we need to consider the recently-articulated possibility that the Earth may in fact be one huge living being, with its own self-regulating systems. Both the Gaia Theory of Lovelock and Margulis, and Peter Russell's work on "The Global Brain", point in this direction. If the Earth is truly an individual, indivisible being, the processes of personal and planetary healing may mirror each other in many ways even more, they may be inseparable. In the holistic view, physical i!Jness is often the result of unresolved emotional and spiritual issues, as well as the build-up of toxic waste-products in various organs and tissues of the body. Our increasing understanding of the human psyche, and of the interaction between mind and body (if indeed they can even be separated), has shown that suppressed emotional traumas and long-buried negative self-concepts have a constricting, deadening effect upon the body/mind. They, too, may thus be considered powerful toxins which 'poison' our entire body/mind system. Their effect is reflected in, and amplified by, the accumulation of chemical toxins in the body an excellent example of the mirroring effect implicit in the holistic model of healing. That is, our body/mind system is an integrated whole, in which toxins on one level indicate (continued on page 3) �STAFFTinS ISSUE: Susan Adam Heather Blair Rob Messick Mamie Muller Lisa Sarasohn Scott Bini Jim Houser Richard Lowenthal James Rhea Chip Smith Rodney Webb Manha Tree David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Will Ashe Bason Trip Halbkat Michael Red Fox Phil Ross Jack Chaney Michael Havelin Marsha Ring Kim Sandland COVER by Martha Tree Special thanks Kitty Boniske for providing a home for this issue, and to Phil and Allen for their hospitality and forbearance. PUBLISHED BY: Kat"'1h Journal PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mounraineer Press EDITORIAL OFACE JHIS ISSUE: The Cenier for New Priorities, Asheville WRITE US AT: Kar"'1h Journal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 TELEPHONE: (704) 754-60')7 KalUah Journal is on Skyland BBS, Asheville, NC. For information, call (704) 254-6700. Diversity is an important clement of bioregional eoology, bolh natural and social. In line with !his principle, lhe KatUalt Journal 1rics IO serve as a forum for !he discussion of regional issues. Signed anicles express only lhe opinion of lhc aulhors and are not necessarily lhe opinions of lhe Ka1Ualt Journal edilOrs or slaff. The lnlCmal Revenue Service has declared KatUalt a non·profit organization under section 50l(cX3) of lhc lnlCmal Revenue Code. AU conlributions IO Ka1ao1t aic deductible from personal income tax. 'LNVOC:ATWN From the dark below The young stem curves upright Green into light Leaves open their cluster In the sun they sing Wisdom of the stars And blossom in the life of all creation 1l!E SOUTHERN APPALACFDAN BIOREGION ANO MAJOR EASTERN RJVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here in the southern-most heartland of the Appalachian mountains, the oldest mountain range on our continent, Turtle Island; a small but growing group has begun to take on a sense of responsibility for the implications of that geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of responsibility centers on the concept of living within the natzual scale and balance of universal systems and principles. Within this circle we begin by invoking the Cherokee name " Kat1'ah 1' as the old/new name for this area of the mountains and for its journal as well. The province is indicated by its natural boundaries: the Roanoke River Valley to the north; the foothills of the piedmont area to the east; Yona Mountain and the Georgia hills to the south; and the Tennessee River Valley to the west. The editorial priorilies for us are to collect and disseminate information and energy which pertains specifically to this region, and to foster the awareness that the land is a living being deserving of our love and respect. Living in this manner is a way to insure the sustainability of the biosphere and a lasting place for ourselves in its continuing evolutionary process. We seem to have reached the fulcrum point of a " do or die " situation in terms ofa quality standard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a voice for the caretakers of this sacred land, Katuah, we advocate a centered approach to the concept of decentralization. It is our hope to become a support system for those accepting the challenge of sustainability and the creation of harmony and balance in a total sense, here in this place. We welcome all correspondence, criticism, pertinent information, articles, artwork, etc. with hopes that Kat1'ah will grow to serve the best interests of this region and all its living, breathing members. -The Editors "'-t\&nh )ournaL Pci<Je 2 / SprLnlJ, 199 0 �(conlinued Cmm peac 1) toxic build-up on other levels as well. Spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical problems :ire completely intertwined and interdependent. There 1s no separation between them, yet there is a twist to this scenario - there is usually a "time lag" involved in physical manifestation. This idea of "time lag" is imporunt, because it indicates that we may not sec visible, outer effects or iMer trauma or constriction for a long time. Conversely, when we do see outer effects, or when we consciously "feel bad," we can be pretty sure that toxic ideas or feelings have been poisoning us inwardly and subconsciously for some time, and/or our bodies are overwhelmed by toxins and stress. Since all the various "levels" of our being are interacting to produce "disease" (dis-ease). the most effective healing method addresses what is happening on each level simultaneously. In particular, it deals quickly and directly with any physical "presenting problems", especially those that are imminently life-threatening. (This is the fort.e of modem medicine.) It would also - and even more importantly - prescribe a process of gradual detoxification, "remedial learning", and therapy to help the person heal on the deeper, more intangible levels as well These deeper levels of healing present some problems, usually of a psychological nature. What happens is this: as the body/mind starts releasing toxins - physical or emotional - we enter a "healing crisis" which can take many forms. Often there be brief l'CCUJ!Cnccs <?fold illnes~s which were suppressed with drugs; chemical toxms st.an coming out through the skin, which can brcalc out in pimples, boils, or rashes; and we may experience nausea, weakness, and dizziness. These physical symptoms are not "problems" in themselves • in fact, they arc pan of the solution. Problems arise when we give in to fear and believe we arc "getting sick", instead of understanding that we are releasing toxins as we heal. But here's the rub: since repressed emotions arc themselves mental and emotional toxins, it is likely that we will experience a lot of fear - or anger, or sadness - as buried emotions are surfacing to be released. We wiU also be releasing and experiencing our cultural fear of emotion, and our training to be afraid of our fears! For this reason, we need extensive preparation and prior education about the nature of a healing crisis: what it means, what to expect, and how to deal with the emotional discharge. The crucial clement is that we learn to look beyond OUlU appearances or the temporary ill feeling, and ro trust that the body/mind krwws very well how ro heal itself when it is w!" properly supported in doing so. Withour this krwwing, this faith, healing is much more difficult. 4) Simultaneously, humanity as a whole is starting to awaken to the mind-boggling depth of the issues involved. Tremendous social problems such as drug and alcohol addiction, di~i~tegration of the familr, distrust of government, teenage suicide and pregnancy, SOCJal apathy, and overall deterioration of education and our quality of life arc spurring people to seek new ways, new answers. The success and rapid spread of the Alcoholics Anonymous movement, its many off-shoots, and therapy and support groups is one facet of this process. The primary toxin being released is our toxic belief in separation - our misunderstanding of our relation to the universe, nature, and other people. 5) The entire planet and all of humanity is going through a healing crisis involving the generation and release of toxins on every level. The crucial issue seems to be this: whatever we refuse to deal with inwardly MUST eventually appear outwardly, and KEEP appearing outwardly until we 'get the message'. This means that our 'inner' psychological reality and the 'outer' ecological reality are in fact ONE reality. Because we have allowed such a toxic build-up within ourselves and our societies, and have NOT dealt with our inner and interpersonal realities effectively, our world is mirroring our internal denial--by manifesting externally the pain we believe we've 'avoided'. Thus unbelievable amountS of deadly toxins arc being produced either intentionally - i.e. plutonium and chemical/biological weapons or as industrial wastes. And these toxins arc either stored away for 'safe' keeping or dumped directly into the planetary ecosystem, with disastrous results. This process is the 'outpicturing'- the outer result - of psychological toxins that have been accumulating for several thousand years. The primary toxin being released is our toxic belief in separation - our misunderstanding of our relation to the universe, nature, and other people - and with it the overwhelming fear and defensiveness this disempowering belief generates. 6) As humanity's emotional negativity and toxic belief systems rise up from the depths of the collective unconscious and come to the surface (become conscious). they at first cause an increase in violence, immorality, greed, exploitation, and narcissistic behavior. Initially, people identify with these surfacing negative patterns and act accordingly; they may temporarily become even more fearful, self-centered, and exploitive (as we've seen during the 80's). This 'regression' is Now, if we apply chis practical, yet visionary, model of healing to our planetary crisis, we might arrive at the following "diagnosis": part of the healing, difficult as it is to accept; it is making our inner reality outwardly visible and tangible - and inescapable. 1) We arc now experiencing on a planetary scale the destructive outer effects of long-standing, toxic beliefs and feelings operating within us, and within our social structures. The intensifying pollution and degradation of the Eanh is a reflection of humanity's inner pain, denial of interdependence, and emotional and spiritual degradation. The outer problems we arc generating arc mirroring back to us, in no unccnain terms, the concrete, tangible, and inevitable results of our arrogant and divisive belief systems. This outer reality is making our intangible INNER reality visible. Though we have prided ourselves on our 'enlightened self-interest'. we arc now being forced to see that our modern way of life is neither enlightened nor in our best interests - or the best interests of the planet. 2) Some of these outer effects are threatening our survival and the life of the planet - effects such as tropical deforestation, over-population, the "consumer mentality", acid rain, the world arms trade, erosion of topsoil, production of huge amounts of nuclear and chemical hazardous wastes, etc. 3) These life-threatening problems should be dealt with immediately, to at least reduce their impact and buy time so the body (of humanity and of the planet) has the time and strength to recuperate somewhat. This would require ecological, political, and social activism on a very broad-based, grass-roots level. It would also require that we institute educational processes that help people oo COMMUNICATE and COOPERATE more easily. ~~S!J'UCtivc tendencies we have set in motion may really be the We thus need to recogniz.c that all the "terrible" events and SprLnq, 1990 1moal messengers of a far deeper, positive change; we need to remember that appearances are not always what they seem. And we especially need an educationaJ approach that can help us get through the darkest moments - or years - of this planetary "healing crisis." A vision of the positive end result - the proverbial "light at the end of the tuMel" - will be absolutely necessary, if we arc not to lapse into judgementalism, impotent rage, or despair. Fonunatcly, we already have such visions available to us. Many writers and 'futurists' are exploring and communicating a~ut the incredible transformations already occurring in such diverse fields of human endeavor as physics, biology, the psy~hology and treatment of addiction, 'citizen diplomacy', sohd-waste management', economics, and world politics. All these developments have one thing in common: the gradu~I shift from a mechanistic, separative, controlling mode of consciousness to an ecological, holistic, relationship-oriented mode. This shift aligns us with the Earth; it is the fundameotal inner shift which will allow us, as it progresses, 10 adapt to the immense changes we arc experiencing. The old order based on separation, exploitation, and fear is dying. Let us assist in this tremendous transformation process, and panicipatc in the birthing of the new, with courage, determination. and love. ,, JGQt®h Jo1Mnat PQl}e s �THE HEALING POWER by David Wheeler The Appalachian Mountains are old, and their power is subtle. But their power is yet strong. Standing over the eastern seaboard of the Turtle Island continent, the intangible influence of ~e Appalachians racli~1es out over all the lowlands so thickly mhab11ed by human bemgs. As surely as that power is invisible and inexplicable, its subtle influence is also vital 10 maintaining the balance of life of the eastern half of Tunle Island. To the original inhabitants of the Southern Appalachians "medicine" meant power, and the mountains were always know~ to.~ sacr~ and powerful. Traditionally, Cherokee Indians of a spmtual mind would plunge every morning into the river that flowed by each village. Thus they partook of the medicine of water and mountains. They ate wild foods and healed bodily ailments with roots dug from the ground, roots lhat were full of the medicine of the mountains. C:Cnain peaks or waterfalls or other special spots in the mountams were known as sacred sites where the spiritual energy of the mountains was concentrated. The native people went to these places for fasting and prayer, to find who they were when they came of age, and, if they could, to die when their time was at an end. They knew that these were sacred places, for they could sense the energy directly. And did not Grandfather Eagle, the most sacred of creatures, choose to live on the mountain heights? The ftrst white people who came to the mountains were in awe of the imposing presence of the Appalachians. On the ~urface, the fi~t immigrants who followed 1he early explorers mto the mountain coves and "hollers" seemed to be too engrossed !n sim~ly making a livelihood .fo~ themselves, and too caught up m praying to an abstracted Chnsuan God, to recognize the power of mountains - but inside, deep down, they knew. Others, coming 100 years later, recognized the power of mountains and came for healing. First by carriage, then by ~I, they came to escape the flatland heat and to cure a variety of ailments - most often tuberculosis, for which the only cure known in both Europe and North America was to retreat to the mountains. Well-known resort centers, spas, and sanitariums were .built, an~ their prospe~ous ~de became an important early cash mdustry m the mountains. This type of commerce was at its peak when the lumber barons were just beginning their exploitation of the region's timber trees. Only the rich could afford the healing offered in the mountains, so the patrons of the fashionable resort/healing centers were largely southern aris1ocra1s with a sprinkling of northern industrialists. The Line between "healing" and "vacation" often became quite blurred. It was sometimes hard 10 tell a popular spa from a resort hotel, as the same building often served both purposes. The warm springs of the town now called Hot Springs in Madison County, and other mineral springs along the French Broad, became known as healing places, and several spas were constructed during the middle 1800's for people to "take the waters." Wilma Dykeman tells of the great resort/healing centers in her regional history, The French Broad. She wrote: "Health and pleasure were the attractions of the watering places: the first providing a worthy excuse for the indulgence of the second. Advertisements of the period mentioned immediate cures, upon use of the mineral waters, for 'Diseases of the Liver, Dyspepsis, Vertigo, Neuralgia, Opthalmia or Sore Eyes, Paralysis, Spinal Affections, Rheumatism, Scrofula, Gravel, Diabetes, Consumption and Chronic Cough, Diseases of the Skin, Tetter, Indolent Ulcers, General Debility, Sleeplessness, and Nervous Prostration.' The waters of many places were reputed good for barre nness in wives and impotence in husbands. th~ Drawing by Rob Messick Spri:rMJ1 ! 999.• �''The Wann Springs, most famous of all the French Broad watering places, mentioned in one of their brochures that partaking of their minerals would 'bring the bloom back to the chec_k, the lustre to the eye, tone to the languid pulse, sr:rcngth to the Jaded nerves, and vigor to the wasted frame.' From all co~tcmpo_rary accounts of t~e social life of the place, its patrons amved with cheeks already in full bloom, eyes overflowing with lustre,_ and pulses. in no need of stimulation beyond that of moonlight on the nver or the shady tum in a lover's walk." The city of Asheville became the hub of both the health and society circles. In 1888 a German doctor named Carl van Ruck established the first large tuberculosis sanitarium, arid, as word got out about the beneficial mountain climate, others soon sprung up around the area. . . . To ~he wealthy visitors, who knew only the highly c1v1hzed life of the lowlands, the mountain landscapes were exotic and wild. The fine "foreign folk" thrilled at the rugged scenery, the waterfalls and swift-running creeks, and the mountain air, so cool and crisp even in the summertime. T?<1ay, muc~ the same attractions bring people to the mount~1ns. Ostensibly, they say they come for tourism and rccrea~on, but the deepest _need is for healing: the healing of relax~on from ov~·paced lifestyles; healing from crowdedness, poll~uon, and existen?Cs overfull of people and machines; healing from banal rouones, fast food, and TV-screen lives· but most of all, healing from an inner emptiness of which they~ no; know the source. Easy accessibility has brought the culture of civilization ~eep into the m.ountains. They are no longer strange, exotic, isolated, and wild, as they were to the early socialites who thronged the fashionable watering spots during the late I800's. But there are what seem to modem urbanites to be great expanses of unbroken forest. There is water that is actually drinkable as it ~m~s out from a spring! This is a functioning native habitat this 1s wholeness, the world as it could be. There are so few examples of natural native environments in the eastern pan of the continent that the forests and mountains of ~ppalachia serve ~ ~ important grounding point for urban v1s1tors. From a hfe in which the human influence is omnip~nt, from an environment that is largely manufactured or synthesized by human hands, the Appalachian hardwood forest is a d.ose of reality. The ~~man spirit needs places like this by which to refresh our sp1ms and to judge our actions - a mark from which we can see if our culture is straying. This sense of wholeness could be the cornerstone for a whole new relationship between the human species and the mountains. As it becomes increasingly rare, that sense of wholeness becomes increasingly precious. Restoring the heaJth of the. Appalachian forest by ending commercial exploitation and allowing the forest to grow towards its natural climax state would be the key to this new relationship. It would transform the physical landscape of the mountains and would perhaps also work to change the inner landscape of human society as well. This new balance would require a greatly reduced human prc~nce in the n:iountain habitat area. The primary use of the region at present is as a resource base to support a large number of human beings - but this is obviously not the purpose of existence for the mountains. This has to change. The "resources" of the area, the continuing life cycles arc needed instead to support large numbers of trees, herbac~us plants, and native wildlife. There must be a core habitat area that is no.t violatc;ct by human beings, but used only in ways that are consistent with the demands of the natural habitat - a biosphere preserve. With conditions throughout the world already under so much pressure from the human presence, the mountains should be primarily a place for restrained visits. But there is a possibility that a greatly limited number of humans could create a right livelihood in a buffer zone that surrounded the central preserve by leading others to the wholeness .~f the land - relating specifically through healing. learning, spintual exploration, art, recreation, and initiation. SprlrMJ, I 990 . These kinds of activities need, of course, to be approached with great care. When the value of an experience is in the wholeness of it, then practitioners must be careful that the sense of wlwle'!es~ is not ruined by the number of people arriving to take part in 1t. Access would need to be carefully rationed. This level of experience is obviously not to be degraded with crowded parking lots, souvenir snips, or giant ridgctop condos. People come to the mountains to treasure what is rare and special - and strong - about them. It destroys their special ambience to make them over to appear just like every other place frequented by humans. At the Cumberland Island National Seashore off the coast of south Georgia, ~mping is by permit only and reservations must be.made well 10 advanc~. This policy is intended to protect the fragile nature of the seaside habitat. A similar policy would serve well in the Appalachian biosphere preserve to protect the fragile sense of wholeness. This sense of wholeness could be the cornerstone for a whole new relationship between the human species and the mountains. As it becomes increasingly rare •. that sense of wholeness becomes increasingly precious. Thinking .in t!tis vein leads to visions of the possibilities of a new way of life 10 the buffer zone - a way of life that could partake of the power of the mountains without diminishing it The beginnings arc already in place. Carefully and respectfully, the rest can grow. Th~re are .~dy many summer camps and several outdoor leadership tra1mng programs that draw on the natural surroundings and provide challenging expeditions, environmental education, and initiation experiences for young people (sec KatUahJournal #16). There are already several major colleges and universities in the Ka!Uah province. They need to re-orient their direction of study to focus on the ~l~gical context of their region, but they represent excellent fac1h11es that arc already available. Like the University of Tennessee in Knoxville and North Carolina State University do at present, the learning institutions of the region could provide headquarters and support for extended field expeditions and field schools in the wild. Like the Great Smoky Mountain Institution at Tremont they could teach the knowledge and the values of the wild. Other courses of study could be les$ fonnal such as tracking sch~ls that taught skills and deepened awarcn~ss of our plant and animal relations, and nomadic primitive Eanh skills schools that created their own camps wherever they were. A new vision for the mountains would also include more ~calin~ centers scauered among the hills, where people could retreat to convalesce, or choose among a variety of healing programs. These centers could also be used for educational seminars and conference/retreats. . Spirit~al centers, like the existing Southern Dharma Center m Hot Spnngs, NC, could also hold seminars and spirituaJ retreats, as well as guide long prayer fasts and vision quests deep in the uninhabited biosphere preserve area. In this way the mountains could contribute to the r7juvenation and ~nrichment o.f the human spirit. At the same ume. by approaching the land m a manner that was once again respectful and reverential, the humans could continue the work of transforming our relarionship with the land. The mountains will heal themselves, if we allow it. If we can bring ourselves to allow it, then the mountains will be here with all their power to heal us when we need their healing. It. all could come around. The ghosts of the grand old mountain health resorts could return once again to inspire a new transfonnation in mountain life. �Peace To Their Ashes by Sam Gray The earliest myths of the Katuah bioregion available to us are those from the Cherokee people collected by James Mooney a century ago (1887-1890) on the Qualia Boundary in interviews with tribal elders who were among the last surviving links with the most ancient oral traditions of the tribe. It ~011/,' be fitting to observe the centenary of this important cultural transmission with an invocation of gratitude to these elders: John Ax, Swimmer, Taywadihi, Suyeta, Ayasta, and to the spirits, creatures, all our relations about whom tl1ey so eloquently spoke. In Mooney's words, "peace to their ashes and sorrow for their passing", for wit/I them pa~sed away a universe of animated grace, subtle wit, profound teachings, and recitative power that will not come tllis way again. James Mooney was an ethnologist, a skilled tta.nsmittcr of oral traditions, who included ethnographic and historical data in his book Myths of the Cherokee. He refrained from interpretive comment about the meaning of various themes within the narratives. Int~rprecive th~o~cs about mytholo~ical discourse arc very ancient. Hellerusuc and Roman wnters as diverse as E~emerus, Ovid, and Pausa_nius made interesting, though bnef, comments on the funcoon and nature of myth. Within the last century a great many, more complex ideas about myths have been developed by anthropologists, psyc~ologis~s. and culrura_l hi~torians. An unbiased survey o_f this vast liter.uurc leads inevuably to the conclusion that no single theory, idea, or typology can satisfactorily account for all the myths of a given culture. This literature. as a whole, does estab~ish that ~yths have imponant links to various psycholog1ca1, social, and cultural themes within and beyond th~ society of o~gin and that the centrality of mytbopocs1s to the evoluuon of human consciousness is indisputable. For the anentive there is, somewhere within the mythological narrative, an opening - a door through which the things spoken of in the narrative connect with things unspoken inside ourselves. The legacy of the Cherokee elders, transmitted by Mooney, and the accumulated awareness of the function of myth in consciousness permit us to respectfully approach the ancient myths of KatUah. JUDACULLA . On Caney Fork Creek in Jackson County, NC. there is a large stone about the size of a recumbent bison. h is of steatite-sandstone composition and is covered with incised graffiti, pictographs, pcuoglyphs, or "Indian writing." The local name for this stone is Judaculla Rock. A few miles to the east, high on the ridge above the Caney Fork watershed at a ~lac~ _wh~re Jackson, Haywood, and Transylvania Counties Join, 1s a cleared area known to the white sculcrs as Judaculla Fields which was often used by them as a summer pasture for livestock. This ridge, grassy bald, and the vast watershed beneath was generally known as the abode of him who some thought of as "The Indian Satan": Judaculla. I have known this place and the name Judaculla since binh, having descended on the maternal side from those earliest white settlers in the Caney Fork the Scotch-Irish clans of Parker and Coward (cow-herd). My grandmother grew up on the farm that included Judaculla Rock and her brothers, father, cousins, and uncles used to drive livestock up the long trail each spring to take advantage of the lush grass covering Judaculla Fields. My grandmother related to me that when she was a li!tle girl she was told to sweep and clean the rock. Whether this was to occupy an energetic child on a long summer day. or expressed the notion that it was better to have the satanic writings exposed to the christian light of day than be covered by din and undergrowth, to lie there, eventually forgotten and unsuspected, and work some mischief on later generations, I never learned. She also told me that on occasion, groups of Cherokee Indians would visit the rock, camp beside it and "sing and wail all night long". These and other stories were told me about this place when I was a boy, and at ftcqucnt intervals over the four decades of my life I've visited the rock and the Caney Fork watershed, drawn there by an energy I could neither wholly identify or describe. It was upon reading Mooney's Myths of the Cherokee that I learned further truths about the place. Judaculla is an English corruption of the Cherokee name, Tsul'ka/u me~ing "slant-eyed," and he was a mythic hero of th~ ancient Cherokee. The Judaculla Fields arc known in Cherokee as Tsunegun'yi, meaning 'white place', referring doubtless to the uninterrupted whiteness of the snow-clad bald in the winter and resonating further with the ancient Cherokee cosmology in which the color white was associated with peace and well-being. It was in the peaceful fields of Tsunegun'yi that the slant-eyed giant Tsu/'kalu had his abode. TSUL'KALU . A giant, a great bunter, lord of all the game, wild, sohtary, of monstrous aspect, never seen, but heard often enough during summer storms, rumbling around up there on Tsunegun'yi ; this was Tsul'kalu. And like all who are solitary and monstrous, Ts"l'kalu knows loneliness and in time, goes looking for a mate. There is a beautiful Cherokee girl, call her Sada'yi, who lives with her mother down (continued on page 8) Sprl."'J, 1990 �.,~(~) Spc~. 1990 ~ �(continued from page 6) along Caney Fork. Sada'yi has begun to sleep apart from her mother in the asi, the cave-like dugout made of logs and earth that was a common feature of Cherokee homesteads. By sleeping in the asi, Sada'yi indicates the autonomy of her young womanhood and her receptivity to the unknown. So one dark night Tsul'ka/U comes to her. She tells him that her mother has said whoever she chooses for a mate must be a great hunter and provider. "I am that," says Tsul'kalu and, though she has not yet seen him, she senses his power and his truth and she lets him enter. His huge body fills the darkened asi and there is just room for her own small body to lie beside him. ln the morning, he is gone and outside hangs a freshly killed deer on the drying poles. They continue in this way for many ni~bts. Eventually Sada'yi's mother, ever practical, points out that they have enough meat, could her mysterious and still unseen lover possibly provide some wood for the winter fires? The next morning they find whole trees, tom roots and all from the eanh, piled in the clearing. The mother, though puzzled, is pleased and $he presses for funher se.rvice: could he chop the wood for \hem? Next morning all the wood has been removed; the clearing is empty. Chopping and stacking wood is an activity embedded in the human order, and Tsul'kalu has emphatically pointed out that he is not of that order. Sada'yi's mother, an irrevocable voice of the human order, begins to insist upon seeing her daughter's strange lover. She wants to know more about him, take his measure, encompass him, and harness his prodigious powers. Sada'yi conveys her mother's request to the giant and after some persuasion he is willing. He insisrs that she (the mother) must prepare for a shock and above all she must not react to the sight of him by losing control and screaming out, "USGA'SETJ'YU!" meaning "frightful". So next morning, he remains in the asi past daylight, and when the mother lifts the flap to peek at him she, of course, goes away screaming, "USGA'SETl'YU! USGA'SETl'YU!" In spite of her intentions, the encounter with this intrinsically wild, monstrous, disproponionate being from outside the human order obliterates her control. Tsul'kalu vanishes and does not return for a time. Meanwhile Sada'yi has her menses and there is a copious flow of blood. Her mother, disappointed there's been no conception, and meddling now ever closer into the affairs of the lovers, gathers the blood and throws it into the river. When next Tsu/'ka/u visits Sada'yi, he asks, "Where's the child?" When told there's been none, he asks, "Where's the blood?" She takes him to the river bank where the blood was thrown in. Something calls silently to him from the river and he goes into the dark waters, dives down seven times and emerges with a small worm, which he carries cupped in his hands toward the asi. By the time be has reached it, the worm has grown into a baby girl which he hands to Sada'yi saying; "Your mother does not like me and abuses our child, so come, let us go to my home." She embraces the child, takes leave of her mother, and they go together up the mountain to peaceful Tsunegun'yi .. T he New Garments Although the figures and events in a mythic narrative arc usually distinct, the narrative as a whole sometimes seems inconclusive and directionless, as if it were silently linked to other myths or to moments outside itself. The myth connects with ourselves and with the world but in ways that are elusive and not always subject to articulation. In this, the myth is like the dream. Upon waking we often feel that remembered elements of the dream are meaningful; chey connect with and inform consciousness. Sometimes a patient analysis of the dream will elucidate these connections but this process is never free of a potential collapse because we know there is always more; that the recollected dream arose from a region that remains disordered, directionless, and connected to material we cannot reach. Recognizing the original unity of myth and dream, the Australian Aborigines call the source of their myths and scories, "The Dreaming". The myth of Tsu/'kalu connects us with the relationship between the human order and the wild, almost incomprehensible order of nature itself. Tsul'kaltl is of this latter order. He is, in a sense, lord of it by virtue of his disproponionate, monstrous aspect, his magical energies that supply food and create life from what the human order discards (menstrual blood), and his refusal to be fixated by human seeing and judgement. Tsul'kalll's huge hands can make love to Sada'yi , silently kill the deer of the forest for her sustenance, and fonn a womb for the gestation and birth of their child. Like the forces of nature, be sustains the human order and, at the same time, is irrevocably in opposition to it. There is but one way the human order can experience and comprehend Tsul'ka/u's order, and that way is indicated by the monster giant himself in the final episode of the myth: Sada'yi's brother has come to Tsunegun'yi to see her. He asks to see her husband also. She relays the message to Tsu/'ka/u and he instructs: "You must put on new garments in order to see me." The brother indicates he is willing to do this. "Go then," says Tsul'kalu , "and tell your people to gather in the townhouse and fast for seven days. During that time they cannot leave the townhouse or raise the war whoop. At the end of seven days I will come to them with the new gannents and then they can see me." The brother recurns and explains all this to the people. They very much want to see this giant lord of the game and immediately gather into the townhouse to begin the fast. Now there is one man among them who is not of them. He's from another place and of another clan. This man steals out of the townhouse at night and eats. On the seventh day the people hear a great roaring coming down from Tsunegun'yi. As it comes closer it becomes deafening and they are all terrified. Suddenly, he who has broken the fast can bear it no longer and runs from the townhouse and the village shouting the war cry. The roaring ceases, then is heard receding back up into the high mountains around Tsunegun'yi where it is silent. The people never c lothe themselves in the new garments, and they never see Tsul'kalu. The meaning of this episode offers profound insights into the nature of Cherokee spirituality. The new garments the purified desire of the people - have no exact equivalents in contemporary secular experience. They are the necessary transformation that a people must undergo in order to face sacred power. Sada'yi was made "new" by the purity of her erotic surrender to the god. The people as a group were co be transformed by their surrender to the God's discipline. It was this discipline that would have sustained their well-being, their courage and their silence in the face of the mind-destroying power of the slant-eyed monster Tsu/'kalu. WA DON' 8prLfl9, 1990 �HEALING IN KATUAH by Doug Aldridge Hin the search for wisdom, the soul must sojourn upon the earth, and dJUing this stay it will be enlightened as to the purpose and care of the earthly temple, the body oft/ie soul, or the body. Children can be taught the uses of growing things and their prepara1ion. Many have not the desire to learn them, and seek not the knowledge which is all abow them. These then must rely upon the medicine man, such as I, to help correct the results of ignorance. Mankind must experience and grow through all phases of wisdom before becoming evolved into the higher realm. If the spirit is moved, then shall the knowledge be acquired. The Grear Spirit speaks to all." - Mauzsan Powhatan shaman, 1603 I - A Karuah Healing I am a relative newcomer to Katuah. In seven years here my family and I have taken root, and with each passing year we have found greater aliveness in our relationship with the land and its people. This growth has emerged primarily through a closeness to the eanh - found in gardening, foraging, wood gathering, and living in increasing harmony with nature. Two of our three children, Autumn-Leaf and Forest Hean, were born at home in an old house perched at the edge of Cherokee Forest. The attendants at their births were friends, not technicians, and they came to suppon us in the growth of our family. The skillful assistance of Lucinda Aodin (see "Birth Power" issue 26 Winter 1989-90) was instrumental in the success of our homebirth experiences. Living this close to nature - a half mile from the nearest neighbor, a half-hour from the nearest four-lane road - cultivates a trust in unseen powers. We sense that we are surrounded and supponed by the same forces that suspend the stars in the clear depths of the heavens above our house, that sustain the grasses through the freezes and thaws, that warm the eanb from within, while they hurl the sun in its daily changing arc above the ridgetops. Our home wasn't built here for convenient access to anyplace else. It's a steep, winding mile of a dirt road down to Highway 321 as it curves around the mountainsides that drop down to Watauga Lake. And the TV reception is about the worst on the East Coast. But it is well situated in other, more important ways. Abundant springs, up behind the house, kept us in plenty of water through the driest days of recent drought. Strong winds rarely reach us in the shelter of the ridges. Water flows into the house by gravity, and the kitchen stove doesn't care about power outages, because it bums wood. In winter, a sheet of plastic around our front porch cuts our heating needs and creates a sunroom for the whole family. Closeness to our environment has had a profound impact on our faqlily's health of body, mind, and spirit. Plenty of fresh air, pure +.tater, sunshine, and relative freedom from noise and light pollution make this a nunuring place for a young family and contributes to our peace of mind. Spiritually, our homeplace draws us closer to the Oneness of All Life. It is that spirit - The Great Spirit - that called us here six years ago. And the lessons we've learned here prepared us to find another home, larger in proponion to our growing needs, and well-watered, wellSprl."'J, 1990 sheltered by the lay of the land, with good southeast exposure and plenty of garden space - another old homeplace where generations of Kauiahans have been born, raised, and grown old. "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God," said Jesus of Nazareth, "and all these things will be added unto you." I believe that. I also believe that seeking the Kingdom, today, means returning to the source, and I thank God that it is still possible in KatUah. II - Seeking Guidance In the winter of 1987-88, friends from Charlotte, Nonh Carolina recommended that we get in touch with Harold Green, a healing ans practitioner. While the family was thriving, we hoped Harold could teach us more ways of preventing disease and promoting our own well being. We had never had cause to turn over our responsibility for our children's health to anyone else. My wife Barbel and I felt we needed more guidance than we could get from books. When Barbel first spoke with Harold on the phone, he looked inward for guidance, as he often does when asked questions; he "got a yes," and agreed to come up from Charlotte, where he was teaching healing ans and giving personal health consultations, working - as always - for donations. I have seen him work for no personal gain, and I have seen him accept a feather and a stone with the same sincere thanks he gives for an offering of money. The most imponant thing, in his view, is that each individual take responsibility for his or her own welJ being. Harold Green, it turned out, practiced Native American healing ans. He is an associate of Chief Two Trees at the Native American Studies Institute in Old Fon, North Carolina. Both Harold and Chief Two Trees teach that each individual must become a healer in order to be cured of "dis-ease." As the Chief put it when I asked him recently about the philosophical basis of this teaching: "Everyone is a healer - everyone - but the art of healing is studied only by a few. What we're about is to teach people to heal themselves. The Christian Bible says 'Physician, heal thyself.' So everyone becomes a healer. Now the art of healing has been passed down through generations and generations." Commenting on the surrender of personal power involved in our transition from an agricultural to an industrial society, Chief Two Trees said, "People got into the habit of paying somebody else - to raise their garden for them, to manage their health for them, to spend their money for them. They even pay their minister to manage their spiritual being for them. They gave away all their power, kept nothing for themselves. So what we're about is to teach people again to go back to growing their own garden, even in the smallest amount. Learn how to identify, to be in harmony with nature through a garden. I don't care if it's in a window, in an apartment Know the value of fresh food with life force in it, freshly harvested within a few minutes of being eaten. Second, we also teach people to think for themselves in a spiritual way. Because no one can walk in your moccasins." Harold Green's first visit to our home in the winter of 1987-88 was an experience that opened up for our family new avenues of knowledge and practical, usually simple, techniques of healing and preventive medicine. We quickly recognized in him the teacher we bad been seeking. The home remedies he (continued on next page) Drawing by Rob Messick �(continued from page 9) taught us 10 concoct from leaves and roots, berries and bark, herbs and flowers, brought us greater strength and vitality. And the act of gathering and preparing natural tonics and remedies deepened our kinship wilh the land, making real the concept of the interconnectedness of narure, humanity, and spirit. Gathering black walnut leaves and hulls in summer 10 dry and hang in the pantry can be mere ritual (which has value). Drinking black walnut tea, on the other hand, can be merely medicinal. But when I gather them myself and prepare a tea and drink it and serve it 10 my family, then I combine lhe healing virtues of rirual and medicine, and the benefit is greater than the sum of the pans. Harold's work with us has helped our whole family 10 heal huns ranging from physical to spirirual dis-ease. Sometimes through common sense advice, a1 other times through the intuitive gift by which he channels divine guidance, and always with a rich fund of practical knowledge, he has 1augh1 us to reclaim personal power and heal ourselves. The responsibility for ta.king or not taking his advice is ours, and we do what we think and feel is right. Although we were strict vegetarians, we have introduced medicinal quantities of meat into our family fare at his recommendation. We have been strengthened by it More slowly than he would have liked, we have taken to sharing the knowledge of healing arts nutrition, iridology, herbology, reflexology, acupressure, massage, crystal therapy, dream analysis, hydrotherapy - that we have been building over 1he years. ill - A Katuah Healing Continues When I slatted seeing Harold Green, I thought I was in good heallh, despite a bout of blood poisoning a year before that could have killed me had I not gone to a hospital. By the time Harold came there was only a scar on my right hand to remind me that when it came to preventative medicine, I had a 101 10 learn. In fact, my immune system was still dangerously weak. I began my own healing by taking responsibility for my condition and accepting Harold's guidance. I attacked parasites first with herbs and later colonies. I strengthened organs, whose weakened condition showed in my irises, with specific foods and supplements. l treated my ears and mouth, which had bred a systemic yeast infection, with tea tree oil (mixed, for use in cars, with castor oil in 1:10 proportion). All this strengthened my body and helped eliminate toxin-producing, energy-sapping parasites. (Chief Two Trees maintains that 85% of all diseases are caused by parasites.) Gradually, I made gains in overall vitality. . \'(hen I was strong enough in spirit, mind, and body (whtch 1 really one strength), I entered a deeper level of healing. s My new-found strength was drawn inward, focusing on the work of healing from the inside out. The ground I had gained physically was apparently lost during this time. I feh weak and listless. I developed rashes as toxins were discharged through my skin. I had to trust my intuition that I was getting better, because I felt sick. At that time, in the fall of '88, I intensified my use of therapies Harold taught me. lridology helped 10 identify organs and systems that needed nutritional suppon. The "laying on of hands" through massage, acupressure, and reflexology improved energy flow through my body. Hydrotherapy sped up the elimination of 1oxins. Through dream analysis I was able to lay hold of the taproot of my trouble, a parasitic liver condition. This period of intense healing lasted about cwo months and subsided in the winter of '88-'89. The evidences of its passage are 1he presence of healing signs in the irises of my eyes, along with a general reduction of iris discoloration associated with toxicity. I now have a new vitality that includes a much stronger immune response and heightened energy and productivity. Through this experience I have learned that medicine which is limited to relieving symptoms maintains the underlying causes of disease. True healing leads back through the symptoms to the underlying cause, making the cure complete. The ripples of my well-being have spread outward into other areas of my life where progress was blocked. I'm writing for a wider audience. More money is coming in. We will soon be moving to our own home from a rented one. Barbel and I are sharing more widely in the healing ans movement, and we have found another teacher in Rudolph Poss, Ph.D., Director of Boone's Life Energy Center. We are both working at the Life Energy Cemer as therapists. Barbel recently returned from the first of a series of trips to New York City where she shares her knowledge of healing ans. Yes, the ripples of my own healing carry the work of teaching and healing far beyond my horizon. Change starts in your head and works its way out from y.our guts. But it doesn't stop with you. Heal yourself and you'll heal your world. Physician, heal thyself. Doug Aldridge is afather, a healer, and a writer. He also teaches at The Kid's Country School (a homeschool in Doe Valley), and is a lecturer in English at Appalachian State University. He practices pressure point therapy at the life Energy Center in Boone. ~ WHEN LEFT TO GROW Surrounded by forest That clothes the land Wilh fallen leaves From sleepy trees The warming sun An occasional breeze The ever flowlng creek By this peacefully calm day Closely following this windey stream Us cool motion over rounded stone That makes a constant sound Coursing the way lo an open sea Hovering in the wind Being like lhe white cloud In clear blue sky Gliding over rolling countryside These hairs like limbers When left to grow Become long and full This body like rolling hills When lefl to grow Becomes intrinsically well and appealing A mind like integral relations When left to grow Becomes clear and tuned to pattern JC.atUah Journal: pc:iqe 10 Poem and Drawing by Rob Messick Sprl.nq, 1990 �Calling to the Ancestors, Calling Our Relations: Poems by Stephen Wing Feather and Shadow We have come to the lime of the choosing of ancestors. This is the place where my ancestors came down from thcir square hole in the sky The world is bigger than we can see, that long horizon promised. So they built ships. My ancestors grew com here, this is the clearing where they danced the year Preparing to abandon their bodies, they built cathedrals where the ancient groves had been. The world is bigger than we can see... One by one the monks fell unconscious in thcir cells. My ancestors camped here in the Winter of the Early Snow, they knew th<? spot by the stars The unknown continent grew vaster as they conquered, the invisible cities grew richer in their delirium: each Crusad<?r, each Conquistador conjuring a private mansion, lying in his fever and his cloud of mes. This is wh<?re the young men came fasting and singing, alone in the sacred land It might have been my great-grandfather bending, the boy at the plow too young to remember that horizon of unbroken acreage, hanging back against the pull of the mule to pluck a flint-shard from the vanished prairie grass - Visiting the Deer This is where my ancestors came to honor their dead, this windy ridge in the sky He looks up. Douds break into feathers, streaking over the horizon. He sees one sweep across the sun and the bright land of his father falls into shadow. We have come to the time of the choosing: This is my native place. This mountain. This creek. This is my native place. • Sp r Lr19, 1990 Going up to visit the long view at the top of the hill today I have travelled the deer-trails: bending to duck under where the deer duck under branches, leaping where the deer l<?ap dry ravines, coming at last in to open sky: gazing down where the deer gaze down on human hospitalities with wild shy suspicionWhen I caught my breath I looked down and saw only the houses of my neighbors, the loop of road. Going back I travelled as usual down the track of tires in the dirt. Drawing by James Rhea JC.atUah Journm pQ4Je 11 �Pabllillg ofVislutM Krisluta Jaipur, India The Belly Your Belly Pulse ls The Earth Mother's Heart Beat Your belly pulse is the earth Mother's heart beat. Press into yourself: exit the breath, expireand sink, sink down in to the consecrated center intense, dense, compressed, the consolidated possible; life engaged unto itself, life drawing light unto itself, life compacted to the one still one point. And press yourself out again: be filled by the breath, inspired-- to live, to live in to the world that's ever being born from you: galaxies expanding, stars chasing stars, filling, bursting the radiating joy, life swelling beyond itself, life exploding light, life spiraling outward, the turning world. Your belly pulse is the earth Mother's heart beat. The earth trembles her rhythm through us; our feet skip along her surface while beneath she beats her molten drum. -Lisa Sarasohn C Lisa Samsohn 1990 by Lisa Snrasohn Our bodies are a gift from the earth: the solid substance of who we are comes from the soil. By the powers of sun, water, plant and animal life, the soil's minerals undergo a change in fonn and we incorporate them as organ and gland, corpuscle of blood, muscle fiber and bone. Our bodies arc the gift of a woman's belly. It is in a woman's womb that our Lives begin to take on form. The umbilical cord links our bodies to our mothers, bringing nutrients directly into our bellies. The belly is the measurable center of our bodies: it is at the mid-point between the crown of our heads and the soles of our feet. Healing traditions the world over -- the ancient cultures of Egypt, India, China, Japan, Greece, and the Americas -- know the belly to be much more: the center of our vitality, the place from which we live. These ancient traditions recognize the belly as the source point for our physical and emotional well-being. for our sense of individual wholeness. Clearing and strengthening the belly through movement and breathing techniques leads to resrnenl health, freedom from fear, self-mastery, and the power of personal presence. These same traditions also recognize the belly as the source point for our spiritual well-being. Clearing and strengthening the belly allows us to experience our individual Sprl.f\9, 1990 �connectedneu to the universe, to sense our intimate participation in the Great Life. Although our original. physical connection with our mothers' nourishment has long been severed, there's a subtle cord mnaining between our bellies and the mother-world. A vortex of primordial. creative energy swirls into and out of our bellies, feeding our spirits and sustaining our vitality - if we allow it to do so. A clear, strong belly provides a secure feeling of being "at home" - at home in the body, at home on this Earth, well-rooted and generously nurtured, kin to the creatures with whom we share this planet. In this light, attending to the strength and health of the belly not only enhances our personal immunity from disease, such attention also brings fonh our personal contribution to healing the planet When we embody the knowledge - when we feel it in our bones and know it in our guts -- that we are one with the Earth, preserving the integrity of our natural systems will no longer be a political issue. It will be a mauer of self-respect. Jn writing this anicle, my intention is to inspile you to honor your body, and particularly your belly, as you would have others honor the Earth. Drawing on my studies of biology. regional planning, yoga. and lhcrapeuric massage, I'll outline the anatomy of the belly, indicate a range of cultural attitudes regarding lhe belly, and explore their influence on our well-being. What's In a Belly? The Vital Organs The abdomen ranges from the pubic bone of the pelvis to the muscular diaphrngm at the base of lhe rib ca~e. It houses the vital organs of digestion, elimination, and reproduction: stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestines, large in1estine, ovaries, uierus. The digestive organs process and absorb nutrients, satisfying our hungers and providing the energy and substance we require for all our life processes. It is here, too, that toxins and waste products arc neuttalized, soned out, and prepared for discharge. Without regular physical exercise, mental stress and shallow breathing tend to increase muscle tension and reduce circulation throughou1 the body, increasing the accumulation of toxins and unbalancing the flow of glandular secretions. These factors can contribute to a host of abdominal dysfunctions, including common ones such as indigestion, intestinal gas, constipation, and menstrual discomfort. From the poini of view of Western anatomy and physiology alone, exercising 1he body, wilh particular attention 10 the belly, would seem to offer substantial health benefits. The Body-Mind Connection Jn her books You Can Heal Your Lift and Heal Your Body, Louise Hay suggcs1s the specific patterns of thinking which set the stage for various physical conditions. She indicates lhat the accumulation of fat in general represents a person's excessive sensitivity and his or her need for protection. The fear a person feels, lhough, may be "a cover for hidden anger and a resistance to forgive," she writes. ln particular, a fa1 belly may reflect "anger at being denied nourishment." She offers a positive affirmation to replace the negative partem of though1: "I am always safe and secure. I nourish myself with spiritual food and I am satisfied and free." The psycho1hcrapis1 and bodyworker Lyn Davis Genelli considers lhat the "pot belly" or "beer gut" which some men develop reveals their "need to protecl their vital organs from an attack." A large belly, she suggests, offers a sense of protection in "the 'wars' of the production plan1 and corporate suite..... Despite 1heir protesta1ions, men unconsciously love their fat [belly) and feel tha1 the ownership of one... is a sign of security, prosperity, and survivorhood." My experience working with people who come to me for therapeutic bodywork is in accord with the ideas these writers Sprl."'J, 1990 have proposed. The condition, shape. and inner sense of the belly reflect a person's willingness and ability to nouriJh himor herself emotionally, to digest new expcrieoces, to release the past, to be courageous in the presence of risk, to generate the self-approval which helps a person feel safe and secure. ln working particularly with women, I find that imbalances in the belly often relate to issues regarding creativity. A bloated belly is like a storehouse, the place where enormous creative power has been stuffed because expressing that power has seemed to be either impossible or unbearably risky. A woman who has not yet found a satisfying way to express the fertility of her imagination may well embody the image of the "pregnan1 virgin." A woman's belly also ponrays her feelings abou1 her sexuality and womanhood. Conflict.s related to sex, pregnancy, child-bearing, rape, incest, and abortion will often influence the belly's health. The Belly Center Japan: Hara ln Japanese cuhure, the point two inches below the navel is named "tanden". To indicate the whole abdominal region, the Japanese use the ierm "hara," which literally cranslatcs as "belly." Hara refers to this central physical region of the body, and 10 much more: the rich human potential for psychological and spiriiual development. The person wi1h hara is, as approximated by our language, "gutsy." He or she has developed the clari1y of his or her "gut feelings" and consistently acts on the strength of this inner knowing. In Hara: The Vital Cenier of Man (sic), Karlfried Graf Von Durckhcim details the role of hara in the Japanese tradition and also characterizes the physical, psychological, and spiritual benefits of developing hara 10 people of all cultures. According tO Von Durckheirn, the qualities of a person with hara include: a feeling of boundless energy; enhanced immunity from disease and rapid recovery from illness; easy and graceful movement; creative imagination; tranquility, pa1icnce, inner calm and flexibility; confidence, endurance, conienonent; penetrating insight; a capacity for quick and mature decision-making; the experience of security and lhc ability to mee1 changes with equanimity and poise; a sclf-<:ollected harmony. Von Durckhcim indicates that hara is significant for us on two levels. For the individual, possession of hara "gives one a special strength for living in this world." And on the universal level, through hara "one is enabled to realize consciously one's own being in the Great Being which is the ultimate meaning of life." As hara develops and a person senses his or her own immersion within, and identity with, the Great Being, he or she "joyously experiences a new closeness to the world, to people and lhings, to nature and God..." India: The Ch.okras The spiritual and healing traditions of Japan have evolved from their initial source in yoga, the science of self-development origina1ing in India more than 6,000 years ago. Yoga recognizes a subtle core of life energy moving through lhc body from the base of the spine to the crown of the head. Along this column there are seven energy centers - seven "chalcras." Each chakra corresponds to a location in the body as well as t0 specific issues and concerns. The belly region includes the firs1 three chalcras. Muladhara chalcra is at the base of the spine, and rela1cs 10 our sense of physical security and our individual survival, issues of trust and mistrust. When lhis chakra is weak or congested a person may typically experience fear - including fear of death, worry, anxiety, and a fear of !erring go: "I feel threatened by ..." On a regional and global level, solid was1c disposal and pollution control seem to be "firs1 chakra" issues. When it is clear and strong. the energy of lhis first chakra generates self-sustaining instincts, urges, and initiatives; a respectful awareness of the body and its functions; and a healthy concern for self-preservation. I think of wilderness survival training as a healthy "first chakra" activity: "l can take (continued on next page) JCQtUah Jo1.4mat PacJ'I 13 �(continued from page 13) care of myself; I am always safe and secure." 1be second chakra is Swadhislhana, corresponding to the reproductive organs and relating to sensuality. When energy is congested here, a person typically experiences boredom, frustration, and disappointment, often as the consequence of overindulgence: "I feel incomplete unless I have ..." On a larger scale, the problems related to over-production and over-consumption of material goods arc "second chalcra" issues. In its clear expression, the second chalcra suppons the faculties of imagining, generating ideas, recognizing distinctions, and making choices. Enjoying beauty - savoring tasty foods, appreciating good music, talcing delighi in vibrant colors and rich texrurcs -- seem to me to be a healthy "second chakra" expression: "Everything I need is already available to me; the Universe supports me with abundant joy." lower body, and belly center--between Heaven, Earth, and the condition of being human. In order to perfect any pose, holding its alignment with minimum cffon and maximum relaxation, a person must discover for him or herself how to intensify and use the strength of bis or her own belly. In this process, a person also discovers how to sustain a balanced relationship among upper body, lower body, and belly center. 1 see the belly as the point where energy descending from the heavens through the torso meets energy ascending through the legs from the Eanh. Such is the condition of being human: living between the poles of heaven and earth, embodying spirit, enfolding energy into matter, incorporating consciousness. The Cultured Belly: Views From Around the World "If we are to heal the Earth, let us start as close to home as possible: let us start with the portions of Earth which are our bodies." The Wisc Woman tradition of herbal healing seems to take a similar view. This ttadition perceives the intention of Life to be so nurturing that our immediate environment provides exactly the plants we need for promoting our well-being. And these plants arc so abundant that we tend to regard them as common weeds. The third chakra is Manipura, ar the navel. It relates to issues of personal will and the sense of emotional security. Energy congested here often reveals itself in feelings of jealousy, anger, resentment, hostility, and greed, resulting from comparison and competition: "I bet I can make him do .... " In a regional and global context, a third chakra issue is political domination of one group of people over another. As the energy at the third chakra clears and resolves, an individual feels a secure sense of personal identity. I think of healthy third chakra expression as self-empowerment - taking assertive action in one's own best interest, motivated by self esteem, and acting upon one's values no matter how unpopular they may be: "I am at peace with my own feelings; I approve of myself." The stretching and breathing exercises of yoga energize and clear the first three chalcras by bringing awareness to the belly and by stimulating the flow of life energy up through the central core. Some poses, such as Standing Leg Stretching and Shoulder Stand, invert the torso and so apply the force of gravity to draw the flow of energy down from the base of the spine towards the crown of the head. Other poses, such as Bow Pulling and Balancing Stick, require standing and balancing on one leg while raising the other; they are difficult to do without maintaining a sense of the belly as the pivot point around which the body turns. In order to maintain balance for more than a few seconds, a person must compress the belly in towards the spine, increasing the density of the belly center. Poses such as Cobra, Locust, and Bow clear the abdominal energy centers and also develop the power of muscles in the abdomen, buttocks, and lower back. While in these postures, a person must press the belly into the floor, grounding it securely. Given this firm central contact and support, the upper and lower portions of the body can lift almost effortlessly: establishing the connection of the belly with the Eanh allows the spirit to soar. The poses of yoga bring the body into a configuration which demonstrates the relationship between upper body, As already mentioned, Oriental and Asian cultures regard the belly with greatest respect, understanding it as the center of life itself. Other cultures have given special attention to the significance of the belly as well: belly dancing in the Middle East and the vigorous ttaditional dances and midsection massage of the South Sea Islanders ensure that the abdominal muscles remain well-toned. I understand that two Australian aborigine women will greet each other when they meet by touching their bellies and foreheads together. In American and European culture, the prescription for physical beauty has included "belly in, chest out", as if the best belly were an invisible one. Current fashions-high heels, tight jeans, "tummy conttol" devices in underwear and pantyhose-work to flatten the belly, increasing the relative volume of the upper body. Hiding the belly and bringing attention to the upper body signify the value our culture places on mental activity, speed, and agility. Our attempt to raise Lhe body's center from the belly to the chest, says Von Durckheim, reveals how we reject our relationship to the Eanh: "The urge to transcend gravity is quite natural to man (sic) as a spiritual being, but the desire to break loose from the vitalizing bond with the solid earth is in conflict with the law of his (sic) terrestrial existence." European culture did not always consider the belly with such distaste, however. Von Durckheim writes: "In the Romanesque and Gothic sculpture the belly is clearly stated and expresses strength...and calm acceptance of the bond with earth....The Gothic belly seems 10 say: 'You cannot win Heaven if you betray Earth."' In The Obsession: Reflections On tire Tyranny of Slenderness, Kim Chemin links our cultural attitude about women's bellies with attitudes about pregnancy and childbirth. She suggests that a womanly appearance-including a naturally round and ample belly-- is threatening. It reminds us of a time when as tiny infants we were helpless, totally dependent for our survival on this huge, looming, rather frightening creature called our mother. To see a woman with a large belly is to revisit a primal sense of woman's awesome power. Conclusion A friend of mine often says, "How we do anything is how we do everything." How we relate to our bodies and to our bellies tells the ttuth about how we tend to the Earth and its natural resources. If we arc to heal the Earth, let us start as close to home as possible: let us start with the portions of Earth which are our bodies. Going beyond conceptions of good and bad, of opposites and adversaries, to recognize the sanctity of all that exists--including our very selves--this is the consciousness which heals our bodies and will be healing our planet. And we have a practical way to develop this consciousness, by clearing and strengthening our bellies. ~ 8pf'l-n4j, 1990 �~~ ~UA~Jjf>URNAL . SPECIAL EARTH DAY 1990 EVENTS SECTION Earth Day Just Dawning........ . Earth Day affords us the opportunity to publicly recognize our home planet as our source of sustenance and nurturancc, and to acknowledge the need Cor it to be honored, protected, and appreciated. It is a time to admit that it is home and life support systell\not just ror us humans, but for the whole ecological life community in whjch we participate. It is a time to celebrate its beauty and diversity and its incredible cvolvement. It is also a time to take responsibility for this richness which we have been given. We must recognize tha t our Insatiable demands are darkening the future of life on this Earth. Even as we accept that grim reality, we can rejoice in the fact that by realizing our responsibility, we also realize our power-that when we begin to change ourselves and our lifestyles, the planet can begin to renew Itself. Let us mark Earth Day 1990, not as a one-day affair, but as the beginning of a decade of change, a decade of action toward an ecologically sound future. Earth Day has the potential to be a significant catalyzing influence. It can help to mobilize an ongoing, citizen effort towa rds ~luating our environmental crisis and responding to it. Earth Day can also provide an opportunity to engage a much broader constituency on local and regional levels. Environmental action, the green pledge, the environmental audits for home, business, and institution, the pledge of allegiance to the Earth, the Earth flags .... All of these need not become "have-beens" artcr April 22; ra ther, they need to become habits. Earth Day provides practical guidelines and tools which can be shared with the wider community --on an ongoing basis. Our actions on behalf of the Earth during the decade lo come are what will make Earth Day 1990 a mearungful even t. The problems we face are global in nature, but our actions must begin here at home in o ur own region: • The extinction of Sp<'Cies threatens the future of evolu tion. We can work to slop the extinction of species by helping the black bear here. •Exploitation of the Earth as "rcsoun:cs• is eroding the basis for life. We can help to stop exploitation by protecting the forest here. •The life cycles of the Earth arc being poisoned by our pollution. We can join the effort to stop the poisoning by demanding the beginning of the end of acid rain. We can do something to stop the poisoning by purifying our waler here. It is almost 400 years since European people first stumbled upon this continent. The invading culture has been changing the face of this land ever since. Now it is time to change ourselves. As we celebrate the Earth, let us also accept our responsibility ror lt.s future. • The Editars of the Karuah Journal ....·..·:::·.·.·.::::::·:-:.:~..----······ ········..• ·····... ... ·········... ·. 'R.1-tu/uina a/ 1111~/wi4 ww1wns afW. '.UIM. inWuli"8 •IS ""'iJru!ir.fol4 (will• taj/) ill rtfatiDn 10 W. pfantti 6y 111ntr um. ~6 Musi4._ �Join in the celebration... EARTH DAY April 22, 1990!! Celebrations and events will take place "locally" all around the planet. In our Katuah bioregion, there will be a variety of events on Earth Day and surrounding it. Here is a partial listing ...Come join in the celebrations! WATAUGA COUNTY, NC APRIL 17 *Children's poster exhibit and Area environmental exhibits. At Boone Mall. •concert by Bill Oliver, well-known educator and environmental follcsinger. At ASU Rosen Conccn Hall, BroyhHI School of Music. Cont.act Harvard Ayers (704) 262-2295. APRIL 18 • Environmental Exposition all day • Earth Day storytelling with Karen Wallace. Al Watauga Public Library. •Bill Oliver, mid-day conccn; Judy Hunt, St.ate Represent.alive, speaking, 12:30 . 12:50 pm ; Earth Garnes, I - 2 pm. At ASU Mall. •Speaker: Michael Robinson, Director, Na1.ional Zoo. 8:00 pm. Reception to follow. At ASU Fanhing Auditorium. Contact Melissa Banh (704) 262-3098. APRIL 19 •Environment.al exposition a.11 day: Janet Hoyle, speaking 12:30 - 12:50 pm; Children's concen with Bill Oliver, 1:30 - 2:30 pm. At ASU Ma.II. •8:00 pm, Speaker: Thomas Berry, in1emationally known speaker and author of TM Dream of IM Ear1h. Reception to follow. Al ASU Farthing Auditorium. Contact J. Linn Mackey (704) 262-2418. APRIL 20 •s1eel drum band, 12 noon, a1 ASU Ma.IL Tree planting on lhc ASU Mall, then moving to the Boone Greenway. •Plant sale. a.i Rankin Gn:cnhouse. • Awards, Children's poster exhibit, 7:00 pm. At Boone Malt APRIL 21 •Music on the ASU Mall. Bike-a-thon. New River and Watauga River Clean up.• AJJ Species Day Parade, starling 10:00 am, al the parking lot at inlefSCCtion of King and Water Sts.. ending a1 ASU Mall. Prizes for elerncnt.ary, middle, and high school lellehers and studcnts...everyone invited to participate. 11:00 am, free ice cream. Cont.act Karen Lohr (704) 262-4089. APRIL 22 EARTH DAY •Morning, Interfaith worship.• Fun Run/Walk.• Earth Day ceremonies, Earth games, storytelling, and music, beginning 12 noon. At ASU Mall. Cont.act Karen Lohr (704) 262-4089. APRIL 22 EARTH DAY • Sunrise Ceremony with stories and song. *Nature and wildlife hikes throughout He nderson County. •Earth Day Celebration, hands-on activities, storytelling, music, recycling demonstration. Jackson Park, Hendersonville, NC. Coniact Ms. Freudenberger (704) 693--0135. BUNCOMBE COUNTY, NC MARCH 19 • APRIL 30 Tree Planling. ConLact Monte Wooum, Quality Forward (704) 254- I 776. MARCH 29 Asheville-Buncombe EARTH DAY 1990 Community Meeting, 5:30 pm at the Unitarian Univcrsalist Church (Charlolle SL). AJJ are encouraged IO plan events for our own neighborhood or area and IO voluntccr to help with local projects and events. To be included in an area-wide calendar of Banh events, call Dory Brown (704) 622-713 1 or write: Asheville-Buncombe EARTH DAY 1990, P.O. Box 5855, Asheville. NC 28813. APRIL 2 • 7 River Awareness Weck sponsored by Warren Wilson College. Culminates with Swannanoa River Clean-Up on SalUrday. Info: (704) 298-3325. APRIL 7 Glad-Bagalhon open 10 groups and individuals wanling 10 participate in litter clean-up project and weigh-in contest. Contact Jane Wilson, Qwilily Forward, (704) 254-1776. APRJL 9 • 13 Project Pride Weck. sponsored by Quality Forward and Asheville-Buncombe EARTH DAY 1990. Experiential environment.al education through lhe ans and sciences for students of Buncombe County Schools. Info (704) 254·1776. APRIL 16 *Free day al lhc Nature Center, Gashes Creek Road, Asheville. (704) 298-5600. • Artisl°s Earth Day exhibit unveiled; artists will exhibit !heir environmental an in the unoccupied storefronts on Haywood St. and Pack Square, Asheville. APRJL 16-20 • Earth Weck at Aficrschool Programs; Monte Wooten of Quality Forward is willing to come to Asheville afl.erschool programs to give t.alks on our earth and its environment. Cont.act Monie Wooten (704) 254-1776. *Landfill Tours for EducaJOrS: group or organization opportunity to tour local landfill. Cont.act Steve Heisclman, landfill recycle coorinator, or Monie Wooten, Quality Forward, (704) 254-1776. APRIL 20 Conference: Resources a1 Risk: The Effee1s of Acid Precipilation and Ozone on 1he SoUJMrn Appalachians. 8:30am-4:00pm UNCA Owen Center. Sponsored by: Western North Carolina Tomorrow, USDA Fores t Service-SE Forest Experiment Station and UNCA Environmenlal Studies Program. Registration $5.00....Caten:d Lunch $5.00. Contact: Fn:d Huber (704) 251-6104. HEN DE RSON COUNTY, NC APRIL 21 Art Auel.ion. Work donated by notable area artists, proceeds go to saving the wetlands in Henderson County. Cont.act David Malpass (704) 697-9557. APRIL 20 Ctltbra1 IM Earth Story Thomas Berry, ing intemalionalJy-known spealce.r and aulhor of The Dream of IM Earth (Sierra Club Press, 1989), will give a talk at Owen Conference Center. UNC-A as pan of community-wide Earth Week aclivities. 7:30pm. No charge. Reception follows. APRIL 21 The Sixth Annual Environment.al Summit: Al IM Crossroads: lmpacl of Devtlopmenl on Environmenlal Qualily. Speakers include.: Thomas Berry, Cynthia Sullivan, BilJ Holman and others. UNC-A Owen Conference Cent.er. Cont.act: (704) 251-6104. APRIL 21 "Earth Energies" talk by Morgan Eaglebcar, an Apache medicine man and great grandson of Geronimo. 10:00-12:00pm; Opponunity to partake in a sweaL Two lodges builL Beginning 12:00 noon. Love offering accepted. At Eanh Center, Swannanoa, NC. Cont.act: Zoe&. Jim Martin (704) 298-3935. APRIL 21-22 Chez Op1 ion plans to show environmental videos and distribute pamphlets in SLOrcfront location on Haywood SL, Asheville, NC. APRIL 22 EARTH DAY Celebration!! EvetyOllC is invil.ed to wear Green for show of Earth solidarity! • Bike ride for children and adults through downtown Asheville. 12:30 pm. Contact Steve Millar (704) 254-0414. •Earth Day parade begins a1 2pm in Downtown Asheville and marches IO City/County Plaza. Everyone encouraged Lo join in!! • Earth Games, Rainbow Games, and environmenlal exhibits geared toward children. after the parade, at Radisson Plaza Parking LoL •RALLY, wilh music, speakers, sLrCCt lhealcr, and booths offering food, environment.al products and information. •Bring your recyclables; Scot Sanderson will have a recycling booth and will be accepting plastic milk jugs. green and clear plastic soda boules, aluminum, and sorted glass. Pr oj ect EARTH (Environment.aJ Arrangement Requiring Transportation that's Homemade) will aeate a moveable environment.al display and show it in the parade. ConlllCt: Project Eanh, PO Box 5855, Asheville, NC 28813. Re-invent Fair Have fun creating inventions from recycled malCrial. Ideas can be pratical like making sandals from old I.ires, or imaginative, like making a perpetual motion machine from odds and ends. For form and details, cont.act: Quality Forward, PO Box 22, AshcviJle, NC 28802 by April 16. KNOXVILLE, TN AREA APRIL 16 Murray Bookchin will speak a.t University Center, UT campus. 7:00 pm APRJL 21 • 22 EARTH DAY ECO-FAIR. Earth Day Office: (615) 974-0643. APRIL 21 EARTH DAY Benefit Concert. Earth Day Office: (615) 974-0643. APRIL 22 EARTH DAY Events • 5-K "Run for the Earlh", sl8rtS a1 9 am a1 UT Vet School • Dance againSt DeslrUCLion Marathon Benefit Dance• Video festival •Earth Day Office: (615) 974-0643 or Center for Global Sustainabili1y: (615) 524-4771. �JOHNSON CITY, TN NORTH GEORGIA OTHEll RESOURCES: APRIL 22 EARTH DAY CELEBRATION, Downtown Johns on City, 1:00pm -5:00pm. T~·planting, Music, storytelling, displays, recycling fundraising, and Adopt-a-planter program. Contact; Beuy Anderson, Director of Downtown Association (615) 926-8546. APRIL 17-22 Earth Skills Gathering. Twelve individual ~ showing a wide variety of Native American skills. Contaet: Darry Wood (704) 389-0428. Eco-Net, an international computer network link, will carry a national bulletin board for the sharing of information, graphics, and ideas for EARTH DAY events. EcoNet, 3228 Sacramento Street, San Francisco, CA 94114/ (415) 923-0900. KINGSPORT, TN Earth Day Activities and events throughout Nonh Georgia, contaet: Jirn Sneary (404) 226-0116, Dalton, GA; Andrea Timpone (404) 535-1976 Gainesville, GA; Christa FrangiJunorc (404) 351-3456 Atlanta. GA. APRIL 19 "Young Ecologist" Action Award presented at Watauga Audubon Society Meeting. GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLI NA APRIL 21 EARTH DAY ACTIVITIES at Bay's Mountain State Park, near Kingsport. Info: (61 S} 229-9447. Also Glad Bagathon and Recycling evenLS in Tri-Cities area. Then. gathering at Davy Crockeu Stale Park. APRIL 22 EARTH DAY CELEBRATION sponsored by Watauga Audubon, State of Franklin Sicmi Club and ochers. Bluegrass music wilh cnvironmenUll lyrics, storytelling, T-shins, 1-5pm at Bruce Park in Kingsport. FLOYD COUNTY, VA APRIL 2 1 EARTH DAY AcnVITIES/ FUN DAY FOR KIDS Kite flying. rccycUng exhibits, music, food, local speakers. Contaec Mary Day (703) 763-2000. EnvlroNet sponsored by Greenpeace Action and open to the public. Greenpeace Action, Bldg. E, Fort Mason, CA 94123. (415) 47U767. APRIL 21 Earth Day Activities at Roper Mountain Science Center. Speakers, music, booths, distributing ttceS, ceremonial ucc-planting, free Ben & Jerry's ice cream, living farm demos, and organic gardening, nature walks, 9am-3pm. • Recycling Fa ir at Greenville Braves Stadium, 8am-3pm. Contact: Linda Elmore (803) 281-0090 . •Parade from Ci1y Hall lO Heritage Green, 3pm-5pm. Contaet Jay Rogers: (803) 232-3690 APRil.. 22 EARTH DAY CELEBRATIONS around the area. • Music at McPherson Park, 3pm-5pm. Contact Mary Ellen Settlemycr (803) 240-4326 *EvcntS at Furman University, coruact: Amelia Fusaro (803) 233-1232. Otl>cr Earth Day Activities &: related events, contaet: Earth Day Steering Committcc for OTHER EVENI'S IntemaUonal ECO-City Conference will take place in Berkeley, California, March 29- April 1, 1990. Keynote speaker. Dennis Hayes, Earth Day Director. Info: Cerro Gordo Dorena Lake, Box 569, Cottage, Grove, OR 97424. (503) 942-mO. Earth Day Wall St. Action on Monday, April 23. Contact: Brian Tokar, P.O.Box 93, Plainfield, VT 05667. Greenville, George Actehef (803) 288-8782; OTHER EARTH DAY CONTACTS: BLACKSBURG, VA APRIL 17 Rainforest Sympos ium. Conl8ct: Si.ephanie Trimmer (703) 951-5173. Klds Netwotk Students all over North America can share environmental data. National Geographic Society, Ed. Services, Dept. 1001, Washington, OC 20Cll7. (800) 368-2728. Earth Day 1990 National Hdqtrs (415)321 -1990 Earth Day 1990 SE Regional HdqLrs: (404) 352-4080 Earth Day Southeastern Campus Coordinaior: ~i Calloway (404) 876-8634 EARTHWEEK "MESSAGE OF THE DAY" Earth Weck will nationally focus on an "EnvironmcnUll Message of the Day": Monday (April 16} Energy; Tuesday (April 17) Recycling; Wednesday (April 18) Waicr, Thursday (ApriJ 19) Alternative Transportation: Friday (April 20) Toxics Information; Saturday (April 21) Outdoor/Recreation. For more info: Diana Aldridge (41S} 321-1990. APRIL 18 Environmental Teach-In. CEC Auditorium. 1:30pm-9:00pm. APRIL 20 •Earth Grove Dedication. Tree-planting. ConL&ct: Heather McEllroy (703) 552-7897. • Rainforest Benefit Concert. Buddy's ResL&urant 9:00pm. APRIL 21 •Broomln' & Bloomin' Clean-Up 9:00am1:00pm •Bike Parade 2:00pm-3:00pm •Earth Festival at Duck Pond 3:00pm-6:00pm. Contaet: Linda Binner (703) 961-0586. APRIL 22 PEACE-EARTH DAY CELEBRATION Noon 'ti! Dark. At Amphitheater, Virginia Poytcehnical Institute. Contact: Elizabeth DuFrane (703) 232-2338. Environmental Audit Information for Arca Colleges and Businesses. Conlllct: David Hirschman (703) 951-8949. ROANOKE, VA AREA (jreen P{etfge I pfeage to /Q my sfiare in savin9 tfu plamt 6y f.tttin9 rny conum for cfu environment sfiape fww !: Jilct: I pf.t49e to tU1 my utmost to recycle, UJnserve tMl'//!J• saw fl/OUr, use efficient transportation, arul try to atfopt a Gfestyf.t as if every tfay were 'E.arlli 'Day. Purcfuue: I pfuf9e to 6uy l11llf use only tfwse proi{uct.s feast fuzrmful to tfu environment. ?rlorwva, I wilI tlo 6usiruss witli corporation.s tliat promote 9{06a{ environmental ruponsi6ili ty. 'J/ote: I pk49c to vou arul support tfwse uuufufaw wfw tkmonstrau an a6itflne UJnurn for tfst erwirrmment. Support: I pfufae to support tfu pass49e of louJl. stau arul fuftrol laws ana inurnational treaties tliat prouct tfu environment. Earth Day Activities &t related events. Coniact: Chris Barlow (703) 774-0581 or 989-0802. You COii return this pledge to your local Earth Day group or mail ii 10 Earth Day 1990, P.O. Box AA Stanford Uni..,ersity, C.4 94309 �SUGGESTIONS FOR PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT ·ElkinglOll, John, et al. The Green Conswner. Penguin, 1990. •Capl:in, Ruth and Staff of Environmental ActK>n. Our Earth, 011rstlwts. Bantam, 1990. '.You tTUtJ(u want tQ......... ~ a hih - ~ a 6~ - diiM a tru - /Jiflt. t1ie 'Lartli a !Jift - (U{qpt a struzm - plant a tru 6e a utter·critter - astfast footf places tq use fess protfur.t padc.Jiuitlfl - fimit use of pesticitles ion't tn:at soil fi{(J 4irt - avqjtf petro·cfilmicDl transportation - fast for t1ie tlay -wal(.. G9fitfy. jl Recycling • Help start a recycling routine at your school or workplacc...aluminum cans, office paper, glass, CIC. •Encourage your city and county governments lO set up a curbside recycling program • Get your local newspaper to print on recycled paper • Help gel a "boUle biU" law passed by your Stale legislat.ure Alternative Transportation • Get bike lanes adopted for your city and county Have some streets closed periodically, open only to bicycles. • Ask that public uunsponation be improved in your area and that mini-vans be explofed as part or the solution. Pfeage of jt{{egiance to tfie 'FArtfi I p(eage affegiance to tft.e 'F,artft., arul to tfie /fora, fauna arul fiuman (ije tftat it supports, one pfanet, irulivisi6(e, witfi safe air, water ana soil economic justice, equal rigfits arul peace for a«. Education • Encourage your school to use the Earth Day '90 Lesson Plan and Home Survey which looks at energy conservation, home toxics, transporuilion, water conservation, and recycling • Encourage schools and colleges in your area to conduct the Environmcnial Audit • Adopt-A-Stream or other environmenllll project at a natural area near your school • Tree-planting aroWld school, and food for wildlife landscaping Community Awareness • Award businesses that use environmentally sound practices • Help convert an urbnn vacant 101 inio a parlc. or community gardens space • Support regionally and locally owned businesses. • Buy products grown or produced t11 lhc region • Invest in regionn.I businesses Flying the Earth Flag! Now is lhe time to encourage businesses, schools, scout troups and others in the community to get in the habit of publicly displaying the Eanh Flag. Sizes available: Large 3'x5' durable nylon for inside or outside use; Medium 2'x3' cotton for parade or inside use; and small 6"x9", on 15" stick. Available regionally and nationally. One regional source is: AshevilleBuncombe EARTH DAY 1990, P.O. Box 5855, Asheville, NC 28813. Corporate Accountability The Valdez Principles A coalition of leading environmental organizations and social investment firms have drafted a set of ten guidelines for corporalC conduct concerning the environment. They ore referred to as the Valdez Principles. They address the issues of pollutants, sustainable use of natural resources, rcducuon and disposal of waste, energy efficiency, conservation, riSk reduction IO employees and surrounding communities, maarketing of safe products and services, damage compensation, disclosure of poienulll hazards, need for environmental representatives on corporate boards of directors, and the value of annual corporate environmental audits. A copy of the Valdtz Principles is available from local Earth Day groups as wrell as the Earth Day 1990 national ojfi~. MAGAZ I NES •Earth Island Journal. Enrth Island lnsutuLC, 300 Broadway, Suite 28, S:in Francisco, CA 94133 •£ -The Environmental Magazine P.0.Box 6667, Syracuse, NY 13217. (800) 825-0061 •Raise the Stakes. Planet Drum Foundation, P.O.Box 31251, San Francisco, CA 94131 •World•Watch. Worldwateh lnslltut.c, 1776 Massachu:.eus Ave., NW, Washington, OC 20036. THINGS TO DO... •The Earth Works Group. 50 Simple Things You Can Do To Save The Earth. Box 25, 1400 Shlmuck Ave., Bcrlceley, CA 94709. •MacEachcm, Diane. Save 011r Planet: 750 Everyday Ways You Can llelp Clean Up the Earth. Dell, 1990. -Council on Economic Proiorities. Shopping for a Beller World. 30 Irving Place, New York, NY 10003 GOO D BOOKS... •Raven, Peier H. The Global Ecosysuim in Crisis. The MacArthur Foundation, 140 South Dearborn St., Chicago, n.. 60603, 1987. •Berry, Thomas. The Dream of the Earth. San Francisco: Siena Club Books, 1988. •Sahtouris, Elisabet. Gaia: The Human Journey from Chaos 1 Cosmos. 1989. 0 •Lovelock, J. E. The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of our Living Earth. W.W. Nonon & Co., 1988. •Myers, Nonnan Dr., Gen. Ed. Gaia: An Atlas of PlaMtary Manageme/I/. New York: A(IChor Books. 1984. •World Commission on Environmentand"DevolopmenL Our Common Fui11re. Oxford: Oxford Uni.vcrsity Press. •Nash, Roderick. The RighJs of NaJurt, A History of Environmental Ethics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. •Taylor, Paul W. Rts~ct for Na111re: A Theory of Environmtntol Ethics. Princeton: Princeton U. Press, 1986 •Berger, John J. Restoring the Earth: /low Americans Are Working to Renew our Damaged Environmtnt. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986. •Register, Richard. Ecocily Berkeley: Building Cities for .4 lleaJtlty F"""'°~· BcrJco!Qy, Nortll Atlllntic Books, 1987. •Berg, Pe1er, et al. A Green City Program For San Francisco Bay Area Cities & Towns. San Francisco: Planet Drum Books, 1989. •Tokar, Brian. The Green Alternative: Creating on Ecological Future. San Pedro: R. & E. Miles, 1987. •Renner, Michael. Rethinking the Role of the Automobile. Worldwaich Paper #84, 1988. •Todd, Nancy Jack and John. Bios/1e/1us, Ocean Aries, City Farming: Ecology As The Basis of Design. Son Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1984. •Margolin, Malcolm. The Earth Manual: /low io Work on Wild land Without Taming It. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1985. •LaChapellc, Dolores. Earth Wisdom, 1978. Also Sacred I.And, Sacred Sez-Rap111re of the Deep, 1988. Finn Hill Arts, P.O. Boll 542, Silverton, CO g1433. •Henderson, Hazel.The Politics of the Solar Age. Alternatives to Economics. Doubleday Anchor, 198 I. · Sale, Kirkpatrick. lluman Scale . New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1980. · Fulc:uolca, Masanobu. The Ont-Straw Revoluiion. An ln1roduction 10 Natural Farming. Emmaus: Rodalc Press, 1978. °:Meclter-Lowry, Susan. Econo1T11cs as If the Earth Rl'ally Mallued. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1988. •Sprctnalc, Charlene. The Spiritual Dunensions ofGrun Politics. Santa Fe: Bear & Company, 1986. •Seed, John, Macy, Joanna, et al. Thinking like A Mountain : Towards A Council Of All Beings. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1988. This regional EARTH DAY 1990 EVENTS section is compliments of Kaluah Journal; Bioregional Journal of /ht Southern Appalachians , P.O. Box 638, Leicester, NC 28748. Published Quarterly. Subscription: $10/year. �FOOD FROM THE ANCIENT FOREST by Snow Bear In all the seasons, these mountains speak to us of their beauty and sacredness. But ln the springtime rebirth of the plant people, that beauty is projected in vibrant colors, awe-Inspiring forms, fantastic abundance, and incredible diversity. It is a good time for human beings to go to the coves where ancient trees stand, to rest and watch, listen, and learn; there Is strength, healing, and sustenance to be found there. Some of the richest soil on Earth can be found In these coves; In one such place I pushed my arm into deep, black loam up to my elbow. In such soil grows Incredibly nourishing, vllal foods. As you gather food from these coves, remember that the old forests are disappearing beneath the chain saws and bulldo:ters of a nation hungry for lumber and profit. I have been told to speak prayerfully and announce my intention to the spirit running through the life of that mountain. Pass over at least four plants before picking one. Restore earth and leaf mold to any holes left from digging roots - in fact, leave no visible traces of your plant gathering. Do not gather plants in a heavily trafficked area, such as hiking trails. I have been taught to acknowledge the taking of any life with prayer and a gift (of sage or t. bacco). o •In April and early May, the flowers known to botanists as the spring ephemerals blanket the mountainsides. Many of them are choice edible plants that grow abundantly to allow gathering for food. Some of these Include: TR0UT ULY (Erythronlum americanum) A yellow lily emerges from between two green and brown mottled leaves. The leaves have a sweet flavor and may be added to salads or cooked as potherb. The leaves that have no blossom are choicest; after blooming there may be a slightly bitter aftertaste. The bulbs are edible when cooked. TOAOSHAOE TRILLIUM (Trillium sessile) • The young leaves before fully unfolded have a sugary, sweet taste. Bitterness makes the leaves unpalatable when the blossom emerges. This trillium (and T. erectum, T. grandiflorum) are good raw or cooked, but harvest only where abundant. SPRING BEAUTY (Clayton/a virgin/ca and caroliniana) and RUE ANEMONE (Anemonella lhalictroides) - can often be found together in immense patches on wooded mountain slopes. The pea-sized tubers are an excellent addition to soups, stews, and steamed greens. •The ephemerals described above grow, blossom and die quickly. Their growth cycle ends when the trees leaf out. Other edible spring wildflowers have a longer growing season. These include: INOIAN CUCUMBER ROOT (Medeota vlrgln/ana) This wildflower occurs in so many different plant tribes such as: mixed hardwood climax forest, hemlod< glade, dry oak soils, or moist creekbanks. It often grows in large patches that may be thinned. Its root ls while, crispy, and watery, similar to cucumber or water chestnut in flavor and texture. It is best eaten raw. (continued on next page) Sprl.ncJ, 1990 Drawings by K.im S111dland �SC FOREST WATCH GROUP WINS APPEAL Nlllnl World News Savico The South Carolina Forest Watch group worting foa.<£.sfia<f:e -Jr.ill i u,m, (continued Crom page 19) SOLOMON'S SEAL (Polygonatum biflorum) Until the end of August, the leaves and roots may be harvested. In spring, harvest only lower leaves to avoid disrupting the flowering cycle; after seeding, the top leaves are more tender. The leaves, like the root, are sweet and slightly mucilaginous. The roots are often three-quarters of an inch thick and ten inches long. Try harvesting the oldest (back) end of the root, leaving two-thirds of the root undisturbed. The root Is a good source of complex carbohydrates when cooked In soups and stews. RAMPS (wild leeks - Allium ttioocum) Ramps are the only wild plant still honored with festivals by entire towns! At these festivals, people may saturate every cell in their bodies with the pungent, garlic-like smell of ramps without being shunned by family, friends, or neighbors. I have found this mountain gourmet food in huge quantities in moist, gravelly soils (subsurface springs) and in the yellow birch-grass meadows of the high mountain gaps. Cream of "potato• (Solomon's seal root) leek soup with bluff mustard greens or ramps steamed with puffball mushrooms on the side makes a gourmet foraging meall The raw ramp bulbs are very strong and health-giving as a blood purifier and tonic. BROAD LEAF TOOTHWORT (bluff mustard - Dentaria diphylla) - The white, cross-shaped flowers are abundant in late April. The plant grows in shallow leaf mold on creek rocks and banks. The leaves are available throughout the winter, but the hot mustard taste gets milder in the spring. The Interconnected roots of the bluff mustard patch taste just like horseradish - finely grated with mayonnalse and vinegar it makes a good hot sauce or dip. To eat the food of the mountains where the beings of nature live in the undisturbed patterns of the long-ago forest attunes our bodies with the seasons and climate of Katuah, our minds with the beauty of Katuah, and our hearts with the nature spirits of Kaltiah. May we walk In beauty and balance in these ancient mountains. in the Andrew Pickens District of the Sumi.Ct National Forest in South Carolina has successfully placed itself between the chain saws and trees of Compartment 43 in the Chauga River walelShcd. The proposed timber sale would cut three different timber siands tomlling 90 acres in one of the two largest unfragmented mauue hardwood stands in the Sumter Forest. fl consists of 300 contiguous acres of mawre hardwood irees and contains the oldest hardwood sLBnd in the forest. The cul would divide mature stands almost in two and would border on lhe oldest group of uees on two sides. Late in September, 1989, Forest Wa!Ch members heard about the sale only nine days before Lhe appeal period was to end. A flurry of activity produced an appeal based on four factors: fragmentation of Lhe forest resulting in deleterious edge effects on native forest species. lack of a site-specific analysis, overcuning of lhe site, and Lhe impact of the clearcutting on the water quality of Crooked Creek. The appeal was quickly sent o(f to the regional forester's office in Atlanta, and four months later, the Forest Waich group received a five page reply that seemed to be almost a complete vindication of the Forest Service's position. The only concession to the Forest Watch appeal was a statement saying that the .district ranger had not documented his cumulative effects analysis on water quality. Therefore, the group was surprised to read at the bottom of the last page, "For these reasons, lhe appellant's claim is upheld." However. tile victory is only a panial one for the Forest Watch group and the forest. The appeal was upheld on only one of the four basic contentions set fonh in the document: the water quality issue. The regional forester's decision said Lhat, as there was no mention of Lhe other issues in Lhe Sumter Forest's Land and Resource Management Plan, they were not legitimate bases for appeal. The Forest Waichers fear Lhal forest supervisor Donald Eng, a hardline timber man, will quickly return a revised timber sale plan for Comparunent 43, so the saws are delayed as little as possible. Undaunted, lhe group has decided Lhat by refusing to consider the issues or forest fragmentation and overculting, and other possible uses for the old timber stand and Lhe forest as a whole. the Forest Service has escalated the action. SC Forest Watch feels that since such imponant considerations have been neglected, Lhe forest plan ilSClf needs to be amended. The Sumter Forest Land and Resource Management Plan is up for a live-year review this year, and the Forest Watch organization is requesting amendment or a complete revision of Lhe plan. If the Forest Service denies Lhat request, the group will then appeal Lhat decision. SC Forest Watch is determined to bring about a long-term change of policy in Lhe Sumter National Forest.. Contact SC Forest Watch Box657 Wesaninster, SC KatUah Province 29693 SNOW BEAR Is a herbalist, naturalist, environmental educator, and director of the Pepper/and Farm Camp. He can be contacted by writing to Pepper/and Farm Camp; Rt. 4, Box 255-B; Murphy, NC 28906 or by phone st (704) 494- 2353. Sp r1.n9, 1990 �..•. ................·.·.-.;.,.._.. ··~-~.•••,,.. .;·•·•••······ .. ..... ·;... .. ····· DIOXIN vs THE ENVIRONMENT ~ ;· .t.l ~ NATURAL ~ (PART2) Nani World News s.vice ~... ~ ~ ~ WORLD ~ == . l ·• :. .. ~ ~ !· ·-:... NEWS . .. r ~ ·~. ~ l .... .. ... ·t~:. ·'!~~~. .................... . ~ ... . !'!!'!" .~'!:-~· •.•.•.•!''!'··'!'··~·. HELMS "STUMPS" NC FORESTS As pan of an experimenlal pilot project, Ille Bush administration recently released a list of southeasiem national fon:slS where below-cost timber sales would be slOppCd for two years. North Carolina forest.s were mystenously removed from that list. despite a Congressional study showing that the Pisgah-Naru.ahala National ForeslS lost $2.S million in 1988. h toter came to tight that, although originally on th.at list. the Pisgah and Nanuthala forests wcre om1ued aflcr sarong persuasion from Scnaior Jcs.sc Helms. A Nonh Carolina Forestry Associauon (NCFA) newsletter article titled "Helms Helps National Fon:slS in N.C. • reveals, "Helms used leuers from NCFA members, Appalachian Multiple Use Council, and the Appalachian Hardwood Manufacturcl'S Associauon to no1 only remove Pisgah-Nanlahala, but to force a review of the whole below-cost initiative." There arc 12 southeastern forests on the below-cost liSt. including the Cherokee in Tenncsscc, the George WashinglOll in Virginia, and Lhe Chatahoochcc in Georgia. Bjorn Dahl, supervisor of Ille national forests in North Carolina. was uncertain why Nonh Carolina forests were rcrnoved Crom the program. "I know we were on Ille original list." Dahl said. "We were advised we were on, but when Lhe list came out we were off." The proposal in the fiscal 1991 budget submiued IO Congress in January would reduce the amount of timber removed from the Wgeted foreslS by about 38 pcn:ent during a one-year test. One method of offsetting the loss of pronts in timber sales was a pilot project that will experimentally increase recreational use of the forests. The prognun would mean higher fees for some recreational uses and new fees for previously free activities, such as picnic areas, boat ramps. and parking lolS. According IO the Forest Service the program will have insignificant impacts on timber interest.s around the 12 national forests. Should the program continue for the Delli five years an estimated S2S jobs would disappear. Mary Kelly of the Western Nonh Carolina Alliance poinlS out that the Pisgah-Nanuthala may have a more sustainable future in recreation rather than timber hqwdation. Kelly states, · we have a large number of bade country and whitewaier outfitlCIS, and a large lOUrist economy that 1s much more important than umber resources IO our local economy, and it's unfortunate that we weren't given the same chance to Lest out our ability to manage for these resources." Sowct: Asheville Citizen, Mat'ch 2. 1990 Spr L"'J. 1990 In the continuing saga of wa1et quality vs. dioxin, we fmd owselves, once again, at a pulp and paper processing plant. This time, we've moved over the l1IOWllain from Canion and Olampioo Colporalion IO Lhe Ecusta Corporation mill, on the Davidson River in Transylvania County, NC. The story is quite familiar. Chlorine is used as a bleaching agent on wood pulp which, in tum, is used to produce white paper products··m this case, lightweight paper for bible pages and cigarette papers. Diollin. a highly carcinogenic IOXin, is produced during lhis ~ and subsequently rclc.ased in the plant's discharge. In the case of Ecusta, dioxin has been found in fish sampled downstream from the plant in the French Broad River. A considerable amount of wrangling has been going on between Ille NC Department of Environmenlal Management (DEM) and the EPA over whether or not Ecusta's waStewater needs to be monitored. In February 1989. the DEM released a list of the state's toxic discharge sites which would be required to clean up their acL Ecusta was not on the lisl. The EPA disagreed with this decision and 1n June released ilS own clean-up list which contained Ecusta and nine other Nonh and South Carolina mills. EPA then informed DEM that Ecusta must also be included on the state list, or they would overrule the state and seize control of Ecusta's was1ewater permit, as allowed by the Oc.an W31.Cl Act of 1979. In July, the state capitulated and included Ecusta on an amended but still preliminary tisL Finally, in February 1990, the state released its final list, which included both the EcUSta and Champion mills, and EcUSLa was given a deadline of June, 1993 to comply with newly developed state limits on dioxin discharge. In a scenario familiar from Champion days, Ecusta's parent company, the P.H. Glatfelter Company, based in Pennsylvania, claims ii may be forced to close the plant if required IO meet Ille st.aodards by 1993. The EPA 's rote in pressing the state IO control Ecusta's wastewater permit has been the focal point for much of the prolCSl by those rallying to the side of the county's largest employer. In a front page anicle io the Asheville Citizen on 1/17/90, Esther Wesley, cxecutivc director of the Transylvania County Chamber of Commerce, was quoted as saying "Ecusta doesn't have a problem-EPA has a problem. They rcally expect entirety IOO much from a manuf.acturing planL • The Glatfelter Company apparently agrees with Ms. Wesley and filed a fcdcral lawsuit in January asking US District Judge Richard Voorhees to prohibit the EPA from invalidating OEM's original decision not to include Ecusta on its cleanup lisL Much of the dissension among Ecust.a, the state, and the EPA centers on confusion about bow and where to measure dioxin in the river. Fish sampled last year just below the plant had up to eight times more dioxin than fish sampled 4.4 miles downstream. However, state and mill officials point out th.at farmland and the town of Brevard's wastewater treatmenl plant could pocentially contribule diollin. To confuse mauers further. periodic samples of Ecusia wastewater have not revealed mcasurcable levels of diollin (although dioxin is more rctiably detected in fish tissues than in waler samples). In addition, there is liule agreement over how much dioxin is IOO much. Despite insisting that Ecusta discharge should be controlled, the agency has never established wastewater limitations for l'lax·pulping mills, or which Ecusta is one of two in the U S. The DEM did not adopt a diollin standard until October. It is not a uniform standard, but one based on the quantity of a plant's efOuent and the receiving waterway's ability to dilute iL ract Tbe one which la 1101 coolusillg is that dioxin is a very dangerous substance., especially when it is on tbe loose in unknown quantities in the envilOnmenL It is ""' acceptable to have communities along Lhe French Broad River living in fear of dioxin conramination. The NC Division of Environmental Management (DEM) is seeking comments on 1 proposal to identify and set special proccctive standards for stmuns in the SllllC iclcnliflCd as "High Quality Waiers." Over 900 miles of streams in the western part of the state are up for n:classificalion. Write 10 the DEM in support of the High Quality WalCtS rcclassifteation. Address comments to: Greg Thorpe NC Division of Environmental Management Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 THE DEFENSE OF WRIGHT SQUARE Nlllnl World News Service Wright Square was a small green arc.a amid the mini-malls in Highlands, NC. Sill 45 year old dogwood trees and one old arbor vitae tree stood there until the Town Board decided it needed additional padcing places for downtown shoppers. The November elections had brought some changes to Lhe Lown. Voters had made their choices clear. For the first time a woman and an environmentally-leaning candidate were elected IO the Town Board. The old board members saw that there was going to be some opposition in their ranks, and decided that before the new board was convened they would take care or one tittle project: Wright Sqwirc. Townspeople had thought th.at the square would be one of Lhe fll'Sl topics IO be addressed when the new Town Board was installed, so they were surprised one Friday when bulldozc:n appeared in the square and started to work demolishing the trees. Immediately women from local garden clubs came to the defense of the bit or nature left in the square. It was a school holiday, so they were joined by some high school students, members of a studen t environmental group, Youth Advocating Planetary Improvement (YAPI). Carrying a few Earth flags, the townspeople stopped the demolition work for the day. Workers lounged about their machines as the women clustered around the trees, and a few of the students occupied the branches of the dogwoods. At the end of the day the workers left, and the protc.slOrS also went home, congratulating themselves on a job well done. However, unknown to anyone, during the night Lhe bulldozers plus worters with chainsaws were ordered IO return to the scene, and when morning broke the town woke up to find Wright Square leveled to the pavement. The Town Board may have won a temporary victory, but they stirred up a furor in the town of Highlands. As one woman put it, "Certainly we're concerned about the trees, but it wasn't just about the uus. It wa<1 about a large number of people who cared deeply about their environment not being liStened to by the governing body of the town. It was also about the issue or representative govcnwent.." (continued on neut pigc) Xat~ Journa£ pCMJ"- 2 1 �"~, '1051 ! P\R. ll~D. W ~"° 01111. LUNCH "10 KEEP IT (continued from page 21) F~ESM !" Canoon by Docta 1)' HAYWOOD COUNTY P ROPOSES GARBAGE FEAST FOR BEARS Na11nl World News Service County and municipal govcmmenis lhroughou1 Ka1Uah arc wrcsl.ling with the looming specter of mounlains of trash, and no place lO pul lhem. Haywood Coun1y in western Nonh Carolina is no exception. The prcsen1 IMdfill (i.e.• dump) 1s Casi approaching capacity and will be closed wilhin lwo ycnrs. Efforts by Lhc coun1y commissioners lO siie o new dump in lhe CrabU'Ce community failed. Sirong opposition, well-developed during Lhc "Siop Lhc Nuclear Dump• efforis, derailed 1hc comm1ssionecs and lhe11 handsomely-paid "front man•. engincct Gary "Mackie" McKay. Not lO be dclencd, McKay (who n:poncdly will receive IO'h of the engineering COSIS LO site a dump) proposed a new site in Lhc While Oak community on Fines Creclc. While Oak is lhe most isolated and leas1 populaled area in lbe county. It is adjacent 10 Lhc once-magnificent Pigeon River. close 10 the Grea1 Smoky Mounlain National Parle, and lbe Hannon Den Bear Sanctuary. It is here lhat McKay proposes a IOO·acre dump. A representative of Tribble and Riclwdson, lbe engineering company McKay h11ed lO conduct groundwaicr lCSLS at lhe site, bas said, "We couldn't have found a belier loc4tion for a landfill.• The inhabitants of While Oak community disagree. One residcnl, Bob Hessler, is worried aboul pollution leaching from lhe proposed dump into lhe Pigeon River. Hessler approached lhe county commission wilh lhe idea of municipal trash composting and was amazed lO find that no one knew what ii was. Composting garbage reduces disposal problems greatly. Through a biological fcnnentation process. municipal waste producLS (liquid sewage, sludge. and garbage) are Lransformed inlO a valuable, marketable produce "Class r composL. Additionally, comp0s1ing roduccs the built of garbage IO a mere 15% of ilS original volume, which would require a much smaller landfill sile for the remaining plastics and non-biodegradable wasteS. As an al1cmative disposal method, composting a a s proven, eost-cffcctivc solution. McKay seems oblivious to 1be fact thal composting works. As County Commissioner Noland put ii, "There may be a connict of interest with McKay." There are olher problems with the location of the proposed landfill. White Oak residents sought the opinion of black beat researcher Mike Pelton, a professor m lhc University Of Tennessee's Dcp:1rtmem ofForesuy, Wildlife and Fisheries. In a prepared stalCment he swd. "Landfills, garbage dumps, or any olber conccnLraled source of human food or ~e serve as an awaction LO bears. Throughoul Nonh America, wherever lhe two occur in close proximi1y, problems have arisen. These problems tend LO be particularly bad in or near zones of protection for bears, such as national parks or designated sanctuaries. "The proposed landfill on Fines Creek in Haywood County, NC meets all the criicria for being a polential problem. Its proximily to lbe Great Smoley Mounlains National Parle and the Harmon Den Bear Sanctuary in lhe Pisgah National Foresl are of special concern. ln addition Lo the above prollimily lO areas of pro1ec1ed populaiions and high bear numbers, olher factors add 10 the concern over lhe location of the proposed landfill. One is its proximity to historic release siu:s of problem bears by lhe National Park Service, and the other is lhe vulncrobilily of bears attracted lO lhe site while trying 10 cross 1-40.• Because of lhe limited road system in the Park, there are only lhree areas to relocate problem bears A landfill adj3CCnt 10 lhe CaUlloochee area, where almos1 30 percent are released. could hnve sign1fican1 implications regarding bear management. A majority of visLorlbcar interactions occur on lhe central or wes1 end of lhe Park. Therefore, ii is importanl lha1 a remOle rclocallon area be available oo the easl end. Caialoochee is the only reasonable area for consideration. An ongoing study wilhin the Harmon Den Bear Sanctuary suggests lhat lhe landfill as also wilhin the reach of mosl snnclU31)' bcrus. Breeding-age fcrnales could be drawn ou1 of lhe prolCCted confines of the sane wary, where they would be exposed 10 much higher nsks of mortality. Hunters frequent lhe borders of lhe sanctuary area, and a ncarl>y landfill would encourage more bears to aucmpl lhe dangerous crossings over lntctsta1e 40. In response, McKay has suggested ughl.ly bundling the garbage and wrapping ii in plastic--a la Saran Wrap--to conlain the auractivc aromas. Additionally, McKay proposes hiring a game warden to patrol Lhe dump, to educate the local folks aboul "dump bears," and 10 control poachers. Presumnbly, this warden would also act as a traffic guard, halting traffic on 1-40 lO allow bears to cross over from lhe Hannon Den 8CM SanclU31)'. Reahsucally, a composting opcrauon offers Haywood County a much safer disposal mclhod thal could be more centrally located on a smaller S•le tha1 would not present a danger lO the alrcady·abuscd Pigoon River or to the local bears. say, have been CSUlblished in geographic areas other lhan lhe mountains and are not valid in lhe mounl3Jn locale. Despite well-organized. suong opposition, lhe Deep Gap generators will be buih if lhcy receive approval in early March from the NC Utilities Commission and lhc federal Rural Elecuification Administtation. The "deep gap• widens .... DON'T GO NEAR THE WATER Nawral World News Servoc:c Sedimenta1ion is the Kaiuah region's mos1 common form of waler pollution. Until January I, 1990 state and private forestry operations were exempt from any lcmd of sedimentation cooirols • namely, the NC Sedimcniauon Pollution Control Acl (NCSPCA) of 1973. Now, even on privale and state con1111Cts, loggers must adhere LO the following provisions 10 prevenl sedimentation due to land-disturbing acuv1Lies: I) Establish Bild mllinlain a sLrCWnsidc manage men I zone along all bodies of waier. 2) Prevent any debris and wasies from entering bodies of walCt. 3) Consuucl occess roads and skid trails so lhal sedtmentation is minimized. 4) Apply pesticides and fcruliu:rs according to labeled uses, and in such a way as 10 prevent adverse impacis on water quality. 5) Leave shade over streams. 6) Provide erosion control for all large-scale din-moving projcclS within 30 working days after ceasing any phase of an operation or when bcgiMing a period of inacuvity. The NC Slllte Forestry Commission is rcsponsable for reviewing loggang operations, writing individual sedimentation conirol plans, and referring CLOSING THE DEEP GAP Na11nl World News Service Moonlain People for Clean Afr (MPCA) and the Blue RR!ge Envaronmcntal Defense League (BREOL) arc leading the effortS lO s1 construction of diesel op generators in lbe Docp Gap area of Watauga Counly. The generators are planned by lhe Nonh Carolina Electric Membership Cooperative lO supplemen1 electrical power supplied to lhe Deep Gap area by Dulce Power. Opposition lO the proposal has been voiced for many monlhs, and has included protests presented at public meetings and picketing in fronl of the electric co-op's Raleigh offices. The NC Division of Env1IOnmental Management hlls altc3dy issued a pcrm11 lO the CCH>p lO build the generatOrS. Protesicrs state I.hat Ibey have nol received fair representation from 1he state organi1.a1ion sci up LO mediate between lhe people and the utili1y companies. MPCA and BREOL have both taken the stand thal lhcrmal inversions and fog common 10 the Occp Gap area should prohibit the building of diesel gcncnuors and lheir inevitable discharges of sulphur and nitrogen oxide acids. The co-<>p has argued it will comply wilh state emission standards, but the opposilion groups say lhat these standards arc not sufficienL These regulations, they non-compliant opcra1ions 10 the NC Division of Environmental Management (DEM). Your assistance in notifying lhe county foresicr or the OEM of violations will malte lhis new "non-exempt" law work. Contac1: NC Division of Environmental Man3gcmen1, Land Quality Secuon 59 Woodfm Place Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 251-6208 Drawing by Rob MC$$iclc Sprl.nq, 1990 �YOU OTTER BE THERE Nlllnl World News Savice "They're cu1e and cuddly. bul lhey're wild animals, and they'll bi1e," says wildlife biologis1 Mike Carraway. River OllcrS lllC once again making a saand in the mountains and foothills of KatLiah's eastern slope. Ouers have been released by b1olog1S1s mos1 rcccnlly in the Ca1awba River in Burke County. Plans include future releases below Lake James near Morgan1on. Oucrs were once bunted for lhe1r beautiful fur eoais, and !hey have been absenl from Kn1uah since lhe early I 900's. Rcmuoduccd oners seem to be strongly eslllblishcd in lhc Great Smoley Moun1ains. where they have migrated over high ridges and through forests IO slake oul new ierritones far from lhe1r original release si1cs. As lite newly-rclcnsed ot1ers make !heir way upsueam. 1bey wi ll pencira1e in10 01her mountain wa1ersheds. Since Ibey are now proiecied from pell huniers, ouers should be able to conunue !heir strong comeback in K.aUiah·s walCrS. Drawin& by Jomes Rhea PROTECTING BLACK BEARS OAK RIDGE ON TRIAL NC SOLID WASTE BILL N.nnl World News Savice Nlllnl WOfld News Savice Nllll.nl World News Scrvi<ie On May 2, 1990 lhe NC Wildlife Resources Commission will bold special public bearings on lhe topic ol raising the minimum hunting limll for blaclt bears from SO pounds IO 100 pounds. Thac will be two hearings tba1 nigh!. one scheduled for 7:00 pm at lhe Smokey Mountain High School in Sylva, Jackson Co., and anolhct at lhe same time a1 KinSIOll High School in Lenoir, Caldwell Co. The entire Sou1hem Appalachian black bear population is estimaled a1 2000 bears. The number of cubs born each year varies widely depending on lhe food supply, bu1 averages approximately 200-300 cubs per year. Given the legal kill of 300 bears each year and a poaching ra1e llta1 is llto ugh1 10 equal lba1, lhe bear population appears 10 be barely holding its own or even declining at !his time. Yc1 habi1a1 stresses such as loss of bard mast production due to oak decline, damage from lite oncoming invasion o f lhe gypsy molh, increased road construction and use, and continued clcarcuuing promise 10 pu1 additional pressure on lhe existing black bear population in lhc near fu1ure. Research by wildlife biologists bas shown that lhe average age of female bears being killed in the moun1ains is between 3.5 and 4.6 years. The average female docs no1 bear young until age four. For a creature wilh a poiential hfe cxpcclllncy of 20 or more years, lltis early age mortali1y drastically reduces reproductive capabiluy and lltrcaiens lhe species' abilily 10 rebound from babitn1 pressures. There is much to be done to guaranlCC lhal lhe black bear will forever roam lhcse mounLains. Raising lhe minimum hunting limil for black bears 10 100 pounds is one measure lhlll is now up for deb:ue. Those who arc willing IO speak up for lite black bear should aucnd lhe special hearings on lhe evening of May 2. Those who canno1 auend lite hearings can cornmunicale lhc1r opinion to the: NC Wildlife R~ Cornm1~~ion S 12 N. Salisbury S1. Raleigh, NC 27611 Renders may well remember lhe announcement for the Hiroshima Day demonstration al Oak Ridge (Ka1iiall Jow nal #2A). Over 700 people joined in diRc1 action io procesl lbc Oalt Ridge facili1y's manufacwring of nuclear weapon components. Of lhe more lhan 700 demonstrators, 29 were ancsted for crossing lbc line a1 lhe galCS of lhe Y-12 plan! in a ges1ure of non-violent confron1:11ion. Two of the 29 arrested, Bonnie Kendrick and Kathy Brown, enlCICd a plea of "llOI guil1y• and an: preparing for lhcir trial, which is scheduled for June 7. The women hope their uial will successfully ques1ion lbe morali1 of the manufac1 y unng and deploymem of nuclear wcnpons. They plan to focus on lhc environmental problems associated willt bringing these implemenis of ca1astrophic destruction into The Staie of North Carolina approved new solid wasie managemen1 policies a1 the las1 session or lite General Assembly. Legislation adopted SlalCS lltat lhe preferred melhod for handling the swe's solid waste problems is IO reduce waste volume al the source. Following tbal. the nex1preferable mclhod is recycling and reuse. If malUials caMOI be reused, then composting is lhe preferred disposal SU'al.Cgy. The least-preferred melhods of disposal arc ancincralion and landfill dumping. The solid W8SIC managemen1 legislat.ion also SIClS an objective for 25~ of the slalC's wasie IO be recycled by 1993. Local governments lhroughoul 1he SIBIC are required 10 institulC recycling programs by July of 1991 to help achieve this goal. The legislation also stipulates lltal large plastic containers will have 10 bear labeli ng indicating !heir composition, in order to help in recycling. h bans the sale of packag ing containing halogena1ed chloronuorocarbons (CFC's) and polys1yrene food containers effective Oc1ober I, 1991. II also stalCS lhai. beginning in October 1990, used oil will noc be accepted &1 landfills; by 1991, lead-acid b:wcrics will be forbidden: and lh:ll, beginning in 1993, yard trash will no longer be Sprl"'J, 1990 existence. Kendrick and Brown will base !heir plea on the grounds of necessily. and will bring up case histories from the Nurcrnburg Trials. The defendants arc galhcring evidence of Ibo radioactive and toxic dangers in lhe Oak Ridge area. They also have cxpcn willlesses who will verify lheir plea of lite neccssi1y for civil resis1ance. Among the witnesses appearing will be Robert Aldridge, who designed lbc missile delivery syslCm for lhe Triden1 11-05, bu1 is now an ardcnl anti-nuclear pcaoc activist. Francis Anlhony Boyle, a professor of inLCmational law and author of lhe book Defefldjng Civil RtsiJtanet Under Inttrnaticnal Law will also take lhe Sland. The women feel lba1 we canno1 afford to carry on "business as usual" while industrial pollution and weapons production lhrcaien lhe life cycles of lhe planet. Unul the threat is stopped, !hey say, lhcre will be ever more public ou1cry, and more trials lhal raise lhe imponan1 quesuons of cnvironmentnl safely, communi1y heallh, and moral responsibilily. Anyone who i~ inLCrcslcd in rinding ou1 more aboul 1h1S trial or wishCli to make a dona1ion to the defense fund, please coniact: Oak Ridge Envuonmenllll Pe:ice AllUlllCC P.O. Box 1101 Knoxville, TN 37901. 8CCCplCd. The solid was1e management bill also aulhoriz.es suppon and training activity 10 help s1a1e agencies and local governments fulrill lhe objectives of lhe new slalc policies on solid wasLC. This will be 1mplcmcnLCd by the NC Dcpartmenl of Environmeni. Health, and Natural Resources and lhe Commission of Hcallh Services. II also charges the NC Department of Economic and Communi1y Developmen1 to assist in rinding and developing markets for composlCd products and recycled mmcria.ls. Source: News/ti/tr of tht IVattr Resourcts RtSearch lnslitutt of TM Unilitrsity <!North Carolina �HEALING THE WHOLE SELF These are the words of a traditional Cherokee medicine person... Sometimes to understand something, it's necessary to dissect it, to take it apan into pieces. Western culture does that well. But they have become so expert with the parts that they have forgotten how the pieces fit together as a whole. Western medicine dissects people by seeing them as spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and physical. But there is a unity between those pans. If a person gets sick spiricually, and if he or she ignores that, the imbalance will evencually show up in his or her emotional and psychological make-up. And if that person keeps building walls to avoid facing their problem, eventually it will manifest itself on the physical being, where it will put the person into such a situation that he or she can't ignore it My grandfather used to say that what we call the common cold isn't a sickness or a disease at all. It's the Spirit's way of saying, "Stop! Slow down! Here's an opportunity to see what's going on in your life." When you have a cold, you feel too bad to go rush and run about But if you take the time to sit down, examine your life, and be really honest with yourself, as you come to some kind of conclusions, that so-called "cold" or sickness will go away. But not all sickness comes from the inside, because one half of the world is eating the other half right now, and there's viruses and bacteria and accidents that can happen to the body. A part of well-being is to be spiritually strong, psychologically and emotionally. You do that by not avoiding things. You make peace with your mother and father, if they've messed you over. You forgive them, and you forgive yourself most of all, because of the bad feelings you had, because they didn't meet your expectations, real or not real. You come to peace with that You can come to peace with the other expectations that have not been met in your life, and other people who turned out to be not what you thought. Then, if something attacks you, it's less likely to be severe, and your recuperative powers will be much stronger. We have been placed in this world to strengthen our spirit. We are here to learn, to overcome, and to take responsibility for being here. People who totally neglect their spirit, and do nothing to carry out the purpose for which we are here are more likely to be susceptible to those external things that attack us. They might stop a bullet, be attacked by viruses or diseases. Of course anybody who makes love continuously with someone who's got AIDS is likely to get it. We still have to learn common sense, and take care of our own selves on that basic level. Then there's the mental part of ourselves that comes in two pans: there's the up-front, linear/critical, intellectual mind, and then there's the emotional part. The linear/critical pan of our brain is very limited in its function. Its job description is that it deals with problems. If it doesn't have a problem, then it makes one. And 99 times out of 100, the problems that it creates are negative, because that part of our brain only wants to solve things. The Creator gave us this ability so we would have a better chance of survival, so we could figure out how to keep a lion from eating us or how we were going to survive this freezing winter. It's a gift The lion's got his claws and teeth; we've got this conex. Solving problems is what it does. So to be healthy, you have to present that pan of your brain with a problem - a positive problem. The other part of our mental self is the emotional part. This pan contains all our emotional feelings, positive or negative. The catch is that the linear/critical part of the brain acts as a doorkeeper. It locks the door to bad news. It locks the door to things it wants to avoid. If I mistreat someone, even if I know it's not good to mistreat people and HnowT did it .wrongly, my mind may not want to admit to that. lncidentstike thar stagnme in my emotional mind. All the feelings that arose when other people injured me or hun me, all the anger and frustration from incidents that 1 have not yet resolved with myself, all of that is hidden away in my emotional mind. I cannot avoid those feelings, even if my linear/critical, problem-solving brain doesn't want to hear about them. So if I build walls around that stuff with my conscious mind, it waits there until night-time when my defenses arc down, and then it comes out through the back door, through my dreams. To maintain spiritual health, resolve as many of those things as you possibly can up front. That's hatd, but it makes it easier if we recogniu that we are going to make mistakes in our lives. All life is is an education. We arc here to learn from this experience. But sometimes we punish ourselves our whole lives for mistakes we have made. As much as possible, we need to deal with all those incidents and the feelings they raise consciously at the moment, because what happens to us in our dream state is as real as what happens in daylight, and it's just as important Deal with those things and go on. That is the way to be where your power is. Personal power is when we stop and take responsibility for our own actions. We have a tendency to blame other people for things we do or don't do. We blame other people or events outside ourselves for most of the things that happen to us - particularly the bad things. Actually, most - not all, but most - of the good or bad that happens in our life is dependent on our own level of attention and caring. But as long as people relinquish their responsibility by attributing events that happen in their own life to something or someone else, then they will never have personal power. They are giving it away. Along with personal power go happiness, sadness, and joy - all those things are our responsibility. They arc created internally, not externally. My wife is not responsible for my happiness or my sadness. rt is me. It is happening inside here. This is where I create these responses to the circumstances of my life. SprLrM), 1990 I �Most people walking around in the world are separated from their power. Their power is far in the future, or their power is the past dealing with regrets and pains, unfulfilled expectations, a lack of love, or whatever else is troubling them. The result is that, while they are right here, they have no power. They are always ahead or they are always behind. because they are waiting for a future opponunity that never comes, or their energies are behind them dealing with yest.erday. If those people had their power right here, they could deal with things. The only place we can deal with things is in the present. We cannot spend our lives behind or ahead. We have no personal power if our power is not located in the present Otherwise, life is a question of "Eat, shit, sleep, and die." People like that are the same as one-celled creature. That kind of a life is a waste of soil and energy. That kind of person can do nothing. The way of healing used by the old Cherokee medicine men involved conjuring. Conjuring means manipulation. "Manipulation" is a bad word in the dominant culture. You don't say you manipulate people even if you do. But manipulation is alright as long as it is used for the benefit of the patient and not for one's personal benefit A good conjurer never conjures for himself. If a medicine man conjures for himself, avoid him, because he will manipulate a situation for his own personal gain. If a medicine person charges you for anything, he's profiting from the experience of another person's suffering. Traditional native people won't have anything to do with that kind of person, unless it's a maintenance-and-repair doctor practicing western medicine. That's just the way those doctors do it. The old Cherokees used to say that the white doctors caused disease. They knew it, because the doctors charged for their help, and obviously they didn't wanr their patients to get well. That was how they made their living. There are three levels of conjuring or manipulation. People use the elementary fonn of manipulation every day to get their way. A man often uses bis manliness, bis male aggressiveness. That touches primal instincts in women or children. When the dominant male is rowdy, they have a deep programming that prompts them to split for cover. If a woman wants to manipulate a situation, she uses her feminine sexuality. Those are oversimplified examples of conjuring. In actual life we do it mucl\ more subtly. There is a higher fonn of conjuring, and that is by using knowledge. Understanding how things work allows one to manipulate a situation. A lot of things that western doctors or scientists do seem like magic to us, because we do not comprehend the principles involved. It isn't magic to them, because they understand how it works. It operates in another manner as well. Everybody has within themselves a force that I call the Physician Within. If a healer or a conjurer has a deep understanding of people, he or she can contact and activate the Physician Within inside their patient. But it talces a great degree of understanding. For example, I knew a young fellow once who fell off a rock cliff and was badly hurt. He was carried to a bed and Jay there, drifting in and out of consciousness. A medicine man came and looked at him, and then came over to us and said, "I don't think he's going to live. He's hurt bad inside." They called another medicine man, a really old guy. He came over there. He talked with the first medicine man. Then he went over there and studied the victim, looked him over. He knew the boy well. knew his situation. The old man leaned over and was talking to the victim for quite some while. The young man started moving around a little bit He moved his body, and after a while he sat up and was looking around. He was weak, but that old man had provoked the instinct to survive just by saying some words to him. Spr""'J, t 990 It took me three years to find out what words the old man had whispered to that boy. Finally the old man told me. What he had said was, "Your best friend, Everett, is messing around with your girlfriend. I know it. I've seen him slip in there a couple of times, and before you die I want you to know that he's been putting one over on you all this time." It seems so simple when you know the secret. But that was a powerful statement for that boy. It made him mad. The old man understood that. He had a practical understanding of the laws of nature. If he did not know what was said, a western doctor would not have understood. He would have thought that the old man had been using some form of magic. We all have cenain requirements as human beings. We all want warmth, we all require nurturing. It's just as imponant to us as supper. We want that hugging, we want that gentleness. A good healer understands these things. The better we understand these instinctual requirements, the better we will be able to understand other human beings, and the better we will understand ourselves and why we do what we do. The spiritual form of conjuring, which is the most powerful and the hardest to explain, is when individual healers pull their whole being together - they are not hindered by their limitations, their human nature is not getting in the way, their self-interest is not getting in the way, nothing is blocking their potential - and then they arc able to hook into the power of the whole universe, the One. When it all comes down to equations, the answer is One there's but One, and we're a pan of that One. There is incredible power in being able to move that energy into the patient. This energy provokes the Physician Within to give the energy center a boost when nothing else will. This is a direct transmission of Life Force. The old Chinese conception of the Tao is much like what I call "medicine." In this sense "medicine" is something very different from the way the western people mean it There's yin and yang. We might be tempted to call them "good" and "bad," but they refer to the pairing of any and all opposite forces, whatever they are. The two forces come together. They come close to each other, but they never touch. One comes moves toward the center and becomes dominant. It stays until it's fulfilled, and then it pulls back. As it pulls back, the other one is pulled in. It's a dance. Everything is moving. What moves that process is call~ the Tao. And the center, or the space between the two opposite forces, is medicine. When traditional healers study medicine, they study everything in between the two opposite forces. Without that action there is no life. My grandfather said, "God is the energy that started movement Whatever started motion is God." And the motion God started was this. From that space in the center, we can tap into the energy of the Whole. When we do it ceremonially, we can concentrate the energy of a group of people on the healing process that needs to happen. A group of people can create a powerful phenomenon when they can stop their own personal self-indulgence, even for one split second, and move collectively on the same issue. It doesn't happen often anymore, but when it does, it is uplifting. Things happen that defy the understanding of the rational mind. There is an old saying, "Magic comes when all doubt has been removed from the mind." �DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH Dear KatUah, I was reading in the Wildlife in North Carolina magazine about the Chestnut trees and I hadn't thought about them much, but I think it would be nice to have some big ones around. I saw your address in there and they said that you had an old issue of the Ka!Uah JourNJJ, which was about the Chesmut tree. I would like to get one if you have any more. I live out in the country about ten miles from Statesville, a couple of miles from the small town of Catawba. It is across the river though in a differen1 county. Let us hope that the tree can make a comeback. James Ford Editors' note: We were pleased and surprised to receive over 75 requests for the ChestllUl Issue due to that menti()n in Wildlife in North Carolina . Dear KanJah, I was recently adopted into the Seneca Nation, and I'm seeking information on the Seneca People. Their language, dress, spirits, and everything else I can find out. I would also like to receive information on KatUah JourNJ/ to be sent to my fianccC who got me very enthused in researching Native People. She enjoys collecting artifacts or anything that resembles Indian an woric. While I helped build her collection I became interested in the reading of the history. She is part Indian, but I forgot the People. I am now in prison and me and her went our separate ways before my arrest, but I have not stopped caring for her or sending infonnation I uncover to help her. I get out of here in 5 months, and hope the Great Spirit will rejoin us once again. I would very much like you to send her a subscription of your Journal as a gift from me. Please bill me for it and I will cover the cost as soon as I can. There is a friend on my dorm who is starting to receive your Journal, so I will be sharing his. Please send me any information you can on real books on the American Indian. Than.le you for your time and help in this matter. Sincerely, Robert Stigleman Dear Kazuah Journa.J, I am writing to lei you know about the establishmen1 of a new organization in South Carolina, the Action Research Forum. Our aim in founding this group is to promote peace, justice, and environmental pro1ection through research, education, and communi1y-based action. We are currently compiling information about effons in the deep south to achieve greater social and economic justice , ro end racism, and to protect the environmen1. We hope that your organization will send us some of your recent pubhcations and reports, and that you will add us to your mailing list so that we may receive regular news of your work. Jn exchange, we will spread the word as best we can about your organii.ation through our resource listings, and we will keep you up to date about our effons (we plan to have a newslener). We also plan to eventually have enough funds to make donations to organizations such as yours. If you have any questions, please feel free to write us or ro get in touch by phone. We look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Bill Hall Dear KanJah, Recently, on a trip to Georgia, I came across an issue of the KmUah Journal. I was very excited to find a publication with such infonnation. Though I don't live in the area, rm interested in the information you are compiling. I eventually plan to move, and I may well move to the Southern Appalachians. I am interested in self-sufficient living, organic farming (which I am doing now), and similarly minded people who don't worship the microwavable, plastic shrink wrapped, computerized world. I've enclosed money for a year's subscription and two back issues. If you would kindly send me addresses about organjc farming and small self-sufficient communities in the bioregion I would be much obliged. May the Great Spirit bless you for doing such work, Daniel Shoag Action Research Forum P.O.Box 176 Starr, S.C. 29684 (803) 352-2757 Dear Kanlah, Your statement of purpose tingled my bells, and scanning the sample copy you sent clinched it. Now I'll go sit in the garden and read every word of the issue. But first, here's my SI0.00.1 want to see more. Blue Sky Sprlcn(}. 1990 �STONESCAPE Dark morning tangled with the mind A labyrinth by wind designed. But like a storm the window of the eye, Shattered a depth beyond the will to cry. Pale light littered the rooftops with our grief. The wonder of it mirrored in each leaf. We saw ourselves in shadows of a chill Flickering the stonescape of our will. - Sandra Fowler .>ear Katuah, We have been fortunate enough to receive your paper from a friend who lives near Washington, D.C., where it is more available than in our area. I was so happy to see your issue on children and wished to comment specifically on the article "Binh Power" by Lucinda Flodin and Manha Perkins. The predominant misconception is, in this piece and others like it, that midwives, free of the sociological trappings of organized medicine will permit women a more natural embrace of birth as a life changing force. It is true that midwives often permit a couple to birth more in the setting of their choice-what appears as untruth is that they give parents back their power. Birth is the completion of a circle, a psychobioecosystem if you will, as fragile and complex as the Gaia. This circle, begun in the embrace of conception, requires no orchestration or observation by a 'professional", either in its beginning, or in its completion in the act of binh. Do it yourself homebirth, as presented by Marilyn Moran in her 1st book, entitled the same, and in her collected birth accounts, entitled. Happy Birth Days, is the tuest form of empowerment. It is no wonder, considering our socially promoted birth norms (from hospital technology to midwife at home) that the world is seeing more and more divorce and breach of commitment. Instead of Poppa caressing Momma, and assisting the life of their love into the world, the father is assigned some minimal position behind mother while either a doctor cuts, or a midwife massages the mother's genitalia. Through the binh of our first child we experienced such transcendental communion, such ecstacy, such fulfillment as one in the universe. This would have been impossible should anyone else have been present besides my husband and myself. Midwives do not give back power by assisting binh - they would empower by providing prenatal care and encouraging fathers to fulfill their position as soulmate and companion in the act of binh. True empowerment comes through accepting complete responsibility. I would love to see this view presented in your journal. Marilyn Moran is a wonderful and eloquent woman, who I am sure would appreciate the opportunity of presenting our conflicting view - should it be your policy to provide open forum in this way. Her address is: Marilyn Moran c/o The New Nativity P.O.Box 6223 Leawood, KS. 66206 Thanks for all the wonderful work you do! Praying for Peace, Teresa A. Rasmussen Nore: The editors would like to caUJion couples to be aware of safety considerations when considering undenalcing an unassisted birth. Sprl.nq, 1990 The Fourth Turtle Island Bioregional Congress (NABC JV) will be held August 19-26, 1990 at Lake Cobbosseecontee, near Augusta, Maine in the Gulf of Maine Bioregion. Faced with the developing ecological crisis, the Congress sees its mission as deciding whether the bioregional movement is to become a ''visible and viable social/political/ cultural transformational movement" (and creating the bioregional and continental organizing strategies to fulfill that goal) or to be primarily a philosophical concept that permeates other movements for change. The movement does not need to further refine its resolutions. Rather, it is time to apply these principles in practice in our bioregions and across the continent. People from the Karuah Province will be attending the NABC IV, so please contact the Katuah journal (Box 638; Leicester, NC; KatU.ah Province 28748) if you are going, so that we may coordinate transportation and consider how we will represent our region at the Congress. Mail Congress queries or registrations to: Turtle Island Bioregional Congress Gulf of Maine Books 61 Maine St. St. Brunswick, ME Gulf of Maine Bioregion 04011 Places for the Congress are going quickly, so register immediately, if you are interested in attending this important event. Registration is $175 for adults, $100 for children. �ENVIRONMENT-AL PHOTOS WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM The Spirit of the Wild James Rhea's artwork that was the logo for the "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference and the cover of Issue 25 of the KatUah Journal. is now available to all as conference posters and T -Shirts. The posters are beautiful, four-color 11 .. x 17" renditions of the native species portrait with conference information below and are available for $2.00. The T-shins are heavy-d uty, all-conon, silkscreened by Ridgerunner Naturals. Only large and extra-large sizes remain. They are available for $10.50. Prices include postage. NC residents please add 5% sales tax. All proceeds from the sale of 1hese i1ems will suppon rescue actions for native habitat in the Southern Appalachian forest. Order from: KRLRNU Box 282; Sylva, NC Katuah Province 28789 The Womens International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is 75 years old this year. The group was organized in 1915 at the Hague, Netherlands. It has been an interracial organization throughout its history. The League came about when more than 1,000 Women's Suffragist leaders from 12 nations met at the Hague to mount a campaign to abolish war. Jane Addams of the U.S. chaired that Congress. The participants chose the name 'Women's International League for Peace and Freedom' and resolved to work to end intervention, promote disarmament, negotiate regional conflicts, and work for peace and freedom by non-violent means. Those resolutions and our commitment to undoing racism as an influence in our society still form the basis of the programs of WILPF. The Asheville Branch of WILPF meets for a pot luck lunch on the third Saturday of each month at 12:00 noon at the Friends Meeting House; 227 Edgewood Rd. (off Merrimon Ave). Join with us. For further information call Dorothy (704) 298-9082, Brita (704) 667-0287, or Mary Kay (704) 667-04630. SEE "EVENTS" for details a bou t WILPF's?Sth BIRTHDAY FUNDRAISER on APRIL 71 The Appalachian Environmental Arts Center is issuing a call for environmental photography to be entered in an Eanh Day photography exhibit to open in Greeneville, SC on April 22, 1990. The exhibit is intended to bring attention to abuses of the natural world as well as to celebra1e !he environment Complete details on photo categories and entrance procedures may be oblained by writing Gil Leebrick at !he Appalachian Environmental Arts Ce nter; Drawer 580; Highlands, NC 28741 or calling (704) 526-4303. THE BURNING QUESTION ...AND JUST WHAT IS A YAPI?? A YAPI (Youth Advocating Planetary Improvement) is a species of concerned and aware high school student committed to making beneficial changes on the planet. The idea began in Highlands, NC. where the Y API's have organized and publish their own newspaper, Reflections, for others of their ki nd. They stand for world peace, the environment, and an end to world hunger. Y API supporters or individual Y APl's wishing to stan a new chapter can contact the group at this address: Youth Advocating Plane1ary Improvement Box 2136 Highlands, NC Katuah Province 28741 MYLES HORTON MEMORIAL t!lti11ae .,4(11p1111e/11re ul Jler/111"1111 t!li11k 74 EAST OESTMJT SmEET ASHEVIU.E. NC 29801 70t·251MIOIG EU.EN Hlf'IES, M.Ac.. ~ M, UC. .MU'UNCTURlST HUMMINGBIRD The career of Myles Horton, Jong-lime radical activist and co-founder of the Highlander Research and Education Center, ended with his death early this year. Myles was well-known nationally as well as regionally for his work in the causes of labor organizing and civil rights. Friends and admirers of Myles Horton will gather at Highlander early in May for a memorial service dedicated to his memory. Any who arc interested in attending the event may call Alissa Keny-Guyer at (615) 933-3443 for details. Bulk I terbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplcnwn1s lf?!~faw WhC<ll. Sall & Yeas1-Frf'C 1-cxxfs Dair} Subs11tu1cs I lair & Skin care Natural Food Store &Deli 160 Bl'Olldway Asheville, NC 28801 Wher'9 BroedWlly 11*ts Mlrrlmon Ave• ~240 OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Monday·Slllurd.y: 9 am·8pm Sunday: 1pm-Spm (704) ZSS.785& _, f]\iagei 'JWtt~r 'Natyr<\l~ 130 N. Main Street Waynesville. NC 28786 (704) 456-3003 'Tht' t\ft'';ffl';: S~~~ Oldl'SI & Ull<WSI N111urc11 FoocLs Gmn•n( 704-264-5220 200 W. Klng St. Boone, NC 3 Bloclts from Campus SprincJ. l 990 �€V€0t'S 18-2 1 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC The Black Mountain Festival. Traditional and folk music weekend with Tim and Molly O'Brien, Ethel Kathy Austin (black vocal), Liz Carroll (fiddle) wilh guitarist Daithi Sprouce, Figgy Duff, Harry and the Cajuns, The Buzzard Rock String Band, Summe.r Puppetry Caravan, more. Ans and crafts festival, 5/21-24; contemporary and international music weekend, 5!25-Zl (see lhose dates). Cost: $12/day on weekends (vehicle camping $5 extra); $40 for weekend w/ tent camping or bunks; $5/day Mon.-Thurs. For more info; Grey Eagle and Friends; Box 216; Black Mountain, NC 28711. MARCH WESSER, NC Nanl.3hala lnlCmalional River Rally. Paddlers from the Soviet Union and Othct countries will compete. Sponsored by Nanlllhala Outdoor Center. Call fOC' dclails: (7().1) 488·217S. I S-26 17 ASHEVILLE, NC Shadow puppet workshop and demonsll'ation for children 7 and up with Hobie Ford and the Goldenrod Puppeis. 10:30-11:30. Free. 22-23 BROWNS SUMMIT, NC Lex Mathews Conference on Theology and EnvironmenL Keynote: Thomas Berry. $25. Call The LMd Stewardship Council (919) 821-4391. 19 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Forests and Trees of the Smokies." Visiting lhe various forest associations of the Great Smokies. S25. Sec 4/21. 2A ARDEN, NC "Bringing A Course in Miroclts into Application," workshop with Aliana Scurlock at Unity Center of Arden. 10 am • 4 pm. $65. Write: Dr. Frank Trombcua; 671 Balsam Rd.; Hendersonville. NC 28739. 25-27 25 SWANNNANOA, NC Willaru Huayu, lncan spiruual messenger from Cuzco, Peru, will speak on lncan prophecy and spirituality at The Earth Center; 302 Old Fellowship Rd.; Swannanoo, NC 28776 (7().1) 298-3935. 28 Brevard, j\IC The Traveling Ecological Road Show featuring lhe YAPl's, hjgb school students for the environment, at Brevard Episcopal Chun:b, 6:30 pm. For information, call: (7().1) 526-92482. 21-22 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Wilderness Wildflowers.• Two-day instructional wildflower identilicat.ion. Easy 8-milc hike, camping. $50. Coniact Smoky Mountain Field School; University of Tennessee Non.Credit Programs; 2016 Lake Ave.; Knoxville, TN 37996 (800) 284-8885. APRIL 22 IS EARTH DA y THROUGHOlJf THE KATUAH PROVINCE· SEE SPECIAL PULL-OUT SECTION, PAGE 15, FOR DETAILS APRIL 7 JOHNSON CITY, TN "Wizard of the Wind," an environmental fairytale, and shadow puppet workshop on dental care. Museum BClmission fee. For info, call: (615)928-6508. 7 ASHEV ILL E, NC Fundraiscr Concert fOC' International League fOC' Peace and Freedom with David Wilcox. Joe and Karen Holbert, Womansong. Jubilee Center. S7. Call (7().1) 298-9082. HOT S PRINGS, NC "Daily Life as Spiritual Practice," four-day Zen retreat wilh Cheri Huber. Sl60. For more info, write: Southern Channa Retreat Center. Rt. I, Box 34-H; Hot Springs, NC 28743. 23 ASHEVILLE, NC The Tra veling Ecologicnl Road Show featuring lhc YAPl's, high school students for lhc environment.. at lhe Asheville School. For info, call Evereu Gourley (7().1) 254-6345. TUXEDO, NC "National Forest Service Reform The Time l s Now!" Randal OToole, J eff DeBonis, David Wilcove, Leon Minckler, Ned Fritz, panels, field trips. Camp Green Cove. Registration; $10. Meals and lodgi ng; $49. For more info, call Western North Carolina AUiance. (704) 258-8737. 2.S-27 BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Block Mountain Festival contin ues! Contemporary and international music with Leon Redbone, Ephlat Mujuru (mbira player from Zimbabwe), Aor de Gana (Latin band), Lucy Blue Tremblay, Stark Raven wilh lhe Twister Sisters (folk rock), White Boys in Trouble, Goldenrod Puppets, more. See 5/18-20. 26-28 MADISON, VA "Woman/Earlh/Spiri1 • gathering on feminine spirituality. $210. For info, contaec Sevenoaks Pathwork Center. RL I, Box 86; Ma<lison, VA 22727 (703) 948-6554. MAY JUNE 4..S 17-22 HELEN, GA "The River Cane Rendezvous," the Eastern Eanh Skills Gathering for 1990. Jim Riggs (wilderness skills advisor for Cla11 of the Cave Bear), Darry Wood, Snow Bear, Steve Wans, Scott Jones, Eva Bigwitch, and Eddie Bushyhead and other practitioners of aboriginal ans will teach flintknapping, firemaking, plant lore, native hide-1anning, split cane basketry, primitive weapons and tools, and more. Pre-rcgis1er: $125. Contact Bob Slack; Unicoi State Parle, Helen, GA 30545 (404) 878-2201. Sprlnq, 1990 5 FRENCH BROAD WATERS HED Clean Streams Day • clean-up effons throughout lhe French Brood River wniershcd. For info: Transylvania Co.· Rich Fry (7().1) 884-3156 Henderson Co. · Jim Volk (7().1) 684-1423 Buncombe Co. ·Quality Forward (7().1) 254-1 TI6 Madison Co.· Jane Morgan (7().1) 689-5974 1·3 HOT SPRINGS, NC "Non-Duality and Social Awareness" workshop wilh Catherine Ingram. WOC'kfog for social change while living in an understanding of non-duality. SIOO. Southern Dharma Retreat Center. See 4/4-8. 5 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Geologic Evoluuon of the Great Smokies.• Learn the language of the rock record to lnlCC the history of the Smokies from one billion years ago. Dr. Don Byerly, instruct0r. $25. See 4/21. 10 ASHEVILL E, NC Matthew Fox of Lhc Center for Creation Spirituality to spcalc ot Jubilee Center, 46 Wall SL. For more info, call: 252-5335. Drawin& by Susan Adam NOTE: Tlie Founh North American Bioregional Congress (NABC N) will be held August 19-26, 1990 at Lake Cobbosseecontee in the Gulf of Maine Bioregion. Those who want to attend should register immediately, as space is filling up fast. See page 27 for details. J{.Qt.Ucih Journot JXlCJll 29 • �SUMMER CAMP, July 9th thru 20th. EnVironmeoaal ICtivitica sbated with die Eanh, plus swimming, hilciq, bones, locs or run. Send brochure to: Cllnp Wildlirc in the Meadow; lobo IDd Dory Brown; RL l, Box 184-B; Hot Springs, NC28743. ror DREAM TABLE GROUP on Western Carolina University campus. Cullowhee, NC. Next meetings Jn.2, 3/l9, 4/S. For more infomwlon, call Joyce Prcwiu al (704) 293-5403. RA WKWIND RENEW AL JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES (Sunroots) organically grown • to eat or as seed tubers for spring. contact Sicvco Knopp; S06 Menimon Ave.; Asheville, NC 23g04 (704) 2S8-2S86 or (704) 682-3573. EARTH CO-OPERATIVB • g7 8Cre primitive rweat IDd working community rarm in northern Alabama mountains, j ust 1 lS miles nonhwest or ~ta. Classes on alternative lifestyles and Nauvc American philosophies. Earlh Renewal gatherings planned on a quancrty basis. Facilities availiible for private organizational use. For craft catalog or schedule of events, call (20S} 635-6304. SPIRITUAL PERSONAL ADVICE. Correspond with your Native Gnndfather. All questions addressed Crom Medicine Pctspcctivc. No charge ever. SASE with teuer to: Blue Sky; Box S387; Largo, Fla. 34649. ADVENTIJRES FOR EVERYONE· Backpacking, canoeing llama ltddting in the NC mountains, SC barrier ~lands. Congaree Swamp. Families wi!11 young children and seniors wclcoc_ne • ~ w~ cany your gear. For moce informatson wnte: Magitt TrUs; P.O . Box 6876; Columbia, SC 29Ui0. MIND MAPPING • on-going classes in wriuen ICChniquc integrating right and lei\ hemispheres Of the brain. Groups and organizations welcomed. Call Catherine Faherty at (704) 298-0077. BIODYNAMICALL Y GROWN Corn seed. Mi.n i-pops to giant fallers. Varieties for no-till without herbicides , and for compost rather lhan salt fertilization. For caialog plcau send SASE to: Union Agricultural Institute, Rt. 4 Box 463S, Blairsville, GA 30Sl 2. WOODSCRAFT • Seeking to correspond with persons interested in primitive woodscraft s~ills such as, bow/drill rirc-making, t rackang, snarc/deadraJ I trapping, cic. Have auended Tom Brown's basic class. l.T. Garrison; RL 4, Box 667; Spring City, TN 373g1. ORGANIC HONEY · Tulip Poplar, Sowwood and Wildflower. From Palrick County, Virginia. For a 4-oz. sample of out premium sourwood and our catalog, send $4 to: Wade Buckholts cl Megan Phillips; Route 2, Box 24g; Stuart, VA 24171. (703) 694-4S71 I AM LOOKING FOR A POSITION with an environmental awareness/action organization in Asheville or neaiby. Prefer pan-time, beginning In summer or fall 1990. Please contact laneicc Ray; RL I , Box 1gg.J; Quincy, FL 323S l (904) 442-6474. CREATION SOAP- hand-crafled herl>al soaps from the Blue Ridge Mountains. Rose IDd lavender soaps, moisturizing bar, shampoo/conditionct bar. Contact Anna: RL 1, Box 278; Blowing Rocle, NC 2860S (704) 262-2321. YOGA FOR AU. AGES- Ongoing classes in the Asheville area, workshops for groups, and private sessions. Give yourself the gin or wellness and peace. For more infonnation call Bonnie Kelly (704) 254-869g, WHITE CANVAS MATERI AL • 42 yards of 12 oz. unused canvas, 6 ft. wide. Enough ror a full-size tipi or very large tenL Cost $380. Wilt sell for $220. (704) 29g.7639, Asheville. SEERSUCKER BABY SUNG, with colonul beads auachcd for baby's tccthing pleasure securely nestles newborn through young child. For immediate delivery, send $ 12.00 and parental shin size (S·XL) to COZY CRADLES; P.O. Box 514; Tahlequah, OK 74465. SKYLAND • tog on lO lhe computer bulletin boanl of the Smokies. Networking, plus news on the environment, nature photography, games, computer utilities, much more. Coniact Michael Havelin, sySOp, (704) 254-6700. MOUNTAIN DULCIMERS • made of black walnut, red cherry, or maple. Tops available in wormy chestnut, butternut. sweetgum, sassafras. western cedar and other woods. Contael: Miu Dulcimer Company; RL 2, Box 288; Blountville, TN 37617 (615) 323-8489. MlNl-FARM with beautiful mountain views. IS acres: tn. woods, ln. fenced pastures. Modem 2-story Log House. 45 min. to Asheville. Please contact: Pat Palmer: 409 N. Trade SL; Tryon, NC 28782. 90 ACRE MOUNTAIN PARADISE • We arc seeking environmentally conscious buyers lO share and help protect a unique cl beautiful ttact of land. Call (704) 258-2586 or (704) 682-3S73. RHYTHM ALIVE • Handcrafted African-style Drums, workshops, learning iapcs, drum bags • and . accessories. Please send SASE to Rhythm Alive!; SS Phenix Cove Rd.; Weaverville, NC 28787 (704) 645-3911. NEW AGE COMMUNITY FORMING on 57 acres of land. Located on sacred Cherokee Stone Mountain. Visions of healing the earth cl our children. Contact Sue Ann Ritter; Rt 2, Box 314; Vilas, NC 28692. CONSCIOUS COUPLE cl infant, wish to lcam/wolt on organic £arm for housing + stipend OR Clrelake a ~dence on acreage. Very comrniled and sincere. Contacc Dan & Bast> Umberger; 347 Sinclair Ave. N.E.; Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) Sll-2971. VEGETA.RIA.N MASTERPIECES • tacto-vegetarian cookbook designed to provide recipes for Slandard rare as well as gourmet dishes. Over 300 recipes. Spiral bound, 403 pp. $ 14.9S ppd from: 2122 Forest Dr.; Owloltc, NC 28211. ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE LANDSCAPING SERVICE • Lawn maintenance, trees, shrubs, nowc.cs cl edibles. Organic. Patrick Clark, 254-8116. NATURAL CHILDBIRTH CLASSES specializing in the Bradley Method. Classes are small. and include nutrition physiology, consumcnsm, parenting skills, and relaxation and labor suPP?"' techniques. For mon:: infonnation cal~ or wme Maggie Sachs; 808 Florida Ave.; Bnstol. TN 37620. (6 lS) 764-2374. ASTROLOGICAL CHART with aspect grid and key to astrological symbols. Send SIO, SASE, and birthdate (mo/day/yr), binhlime (00:00 AM/PM}, and birthplace (city, state} to Sw Charts; P .0. Box 18205; Asheville, NC 28814. NEW AGE GROUP forming. Emphasis on spirit and out coMection to Mother Earth, visualizing positive growth and nurturing. Contact: Theresa Carlson; 7501 Rule Rd.; Knoxville, Tiii 37920. MOCCASINS, handcrafted of clkhide in the traditional Plains Indian style. Water-resistant, rcsoleable. and rugged - great for hiking! Children's and infant sizes available. Contact: Pauick Clark; Earth Dance Moccasins; Box 931; Asheville, NC 28802 (704) 254-8116. RECYCLED PAPER! • Directory of products sources for the southeast. Suggested donation S 1.00 to Western North Carolina Alliance, PO Box 18087, Asheville, NC 28814 (704) 258-8737. WEBWORKING is free. Send submissions to: Drawing by Rob M~slclt KotUah Journal P.O. Box 638 Leicester. NC K:uUah Province 28748 Sprl.nq, t 990 �The KatUah Journal wan rs to communicate your thoughrs and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to us as letters, poems, stories, articles. drawing~ . or phowgraphs, etc. Please send your conrriburiollS to 1LS at: Kattiah Journal; P. 0 . Box 638, Leicester, NC; Kattiah ProvirLCe 28748. Issue 28 of Lhe Karuah Journal (Summer, '90) will take up the topic of "Carrying Capacity" and the burgeoning impact of the human presence and human technology in the mountains. lf we are to continue after the last industrial smoke-cloud and past the end of real estate, we have to apply this important ecological principle to our own selves. Articles deadline: April 25 - Editorial meeting: May 12 Layout: June 2 until... "Water ls Life" is a principle with which we are all familiar. Issue 29 of the Kat"'1h Journal will concern itself with water and watersheds in the Southern Appalachians - the blessing of water, how it affecLs the lives of all of us who live here, and what we can do to protect iL BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE · SPRINO 1984 Sustainable Agncultutc - Sunnowcrs • Human lmpacl on the ForcJI · Children.I' Educalion Veronica Nicholu:Woman in Polilics • Liule People • Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR · SUMMER 1984 W11cr Drum Wa1er Quali1y . Kudzu - Solar Eclipse • Clcucutung • irout • Ooing io W11a Ram Pumps · Microhydro · Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair. Jim W aync Millu ISSUE AVE · FALL 1984 Harvest • Old Ways in Cherokee • Oinseog • Nuclear Wu1c • Our Celtic Heritage • Biorcgionalism: Past, Present. and Furure • John Wilno1y • Healing Darkness • Politics of Participation ISSUE SIX · WINTER t984-8S Winiu Solslice Earth Ceremony • Honcpasturc Rivu • Conilng of the Light • Log Cabin Rooca • Mountain Agricullurc: The Righi Crop • William Taylor . The Furureoflhc Forest ISSUE SEVEN · SPRINO 1985 Suslllnlblc Economics • Hot Springs - Worker Ownenhip • The Orcat llconomy • Self Help Credit Union • Wild Turkey • RcspoNiblc Investing • Working m the Web of Life ISSUE EIOHT · SUMMER 198S Celebration: A Way of Life • Ka1l1ah 18.000 Years Ago • Sacred SilU • Folk Arts in lhc Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle • Poems: Hilda Downer · Cherokee HeriLage Center· Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NlNE · FALL 1985 The Waldee Forest • The Trees Spcalr. Migrallna Forais • Horse Logging • Starting a Tree Crop • Urben Trca • Al:«n Bread - Myth Time ISSUE TEN . WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers • Circles of Stone • internal Mylhmaking • Holistic Healing on Trial · Poems: Sieve K.nauth • Mythic Places • The Uk1cna·s Talc • Crystal Magic • "Drcamspcaking. ISSUE EIOIITEEN . Winier 1987-88 Vernacular ArchilCCrure . Dreams in Wood and Stone • Mountain Home • Earth Energies • Earth.Sheltered Living • Membrane Houses Brush Shelter • Poems: Oc1obu DMSk • Oood Medicine: "Shcl1cr" ISSUE TWENTY-THREE - Spring. 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet Art • Orecn Chy • Poplar Appeal • "Clear Sky" • •A New Earlh" Black Swan • Wild Lovdy Days • Reviews: Sacred Land Sacred Sex, Ice Age • Poem: "Sudden Tendrils" ISSUE ELEVEN · SPRJ.NO 1986 Community Planning • Ci1ies and the 'Biorcg1onal Vision • Recycling - Community Olldcrun&· Floyd County, VA • Ouobol • Two Bioregional Views • Nuclear Supplcment Fo.Uue Oames · Good Medicine: Visions ISSUE NINETEEN · Spring, 1988 Pcrelandta Carden · Spring Tonics - Blueberries WildOo wCT Oarden.s • Oranny Herbalis1 • Rower Eucnces • "The Origin or the Animals; SIOry • Good Medicine: "Power'" - Be A Tree ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR · Summer. '89 Deep Lis1ening · Life in Aiomic City . Direct Aclionl · Tree of Peace • Community Building Peacemakers • Elhnic Survival • Pairing PTOp:t • "Baulesong" - Crowing Peace ill Cllltures · Review: TMCMUceOJtd IN Blode ISSUE THIRTEEN · Fall 1986 Ccniu For Awakening • Elizabeth Callari • A Ocnllc Dealh • Hospice • Ernest Morgan • Dealing Creatively with Death • Home Burial Box • The Wah • The Raven Mocker • Woodslorc and Wildwoods Wisdom - Oood Medicine: 'Tlic Sweal Lodge lSSUE FOURTEEN · Winter 1986-87 Uoyd Carl Owle • BoogCTS and Mummen • All Species Day • Cabin Fever Univenity • Homeless in Kalolah • Homemade Hot Water Siovemaker's Narrative • Oood Medicine: lnu:rspccies Communication ISSUE TWENTY · Summer. 19&& Prcsctve Appalachian Wildcmcss . Highlands of Roan • Celo Community • Land Trust • Arthur Morgan School • Zoning Issue - 'The Rid8c" • Farmers and the Farm Bill • Oood Medicine: "Land" • Acid Rain • Duke's Power Play • Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY.ONE · Fall. 1988 Chcs1nuis: A Natural History • Restoring the Chestnut · "Poem of Preservation and Praise" Continuing the Quest • Forats and Wildlife Chestnuts in Regional Diel - Chestnut Resources - Herl> Note • Oood Medicine: "Changes lO Come" · Review: Where ugmd.s Uve ISSUE AFT'EEN · Spring 1987 Coverleu • Woman Forester • Susie McMalw\ Midwife • Allemativc Contraception • Biosexualily • Bioregionalism and Women • Cood Medicine: Malri.vchal Culture · Pearl ISSUE SlXTE.llN - Summer 1987 Helen Waite • Poem: VisioN in a Oarden • Vision Quest • Firll Flow • Initiation • Leaming in lhe Wilderness • Chcrokeea Olallengc . "Valuing Trca" ~UAttJOURNAL For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6097 Name City Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Area Code Spr LrMJ, 1990 State Enclosed is$ to give this effort an exrra bOost Zip I can be a local contact person for my area Phone Number .. "., .... lSSUllTWENTY..SDC- WINTER. 1989·'90 Coming of Age in the E<iotoic Eta • Kids Saving Rainforest - Kids Tree.cycling CornpMy • Conllict Resolution • Developing the Crcativ& Spirit • Dinh Power • Dinh Bonding • The Magic of Puppetry • Home Schooling • Narnint Ceremony • Mother Earth's Classroom • Oatdening for Childrcra ISSUE TWENTY-TWO · Winter, '&&-89 Olobal Warming • f'tre This Time • Thomas Betry on "Bioregions" • Eanh Excteisc • Kor6 Loy McWhirw • An Abundance of Emptiness LETS • Chroniclea of Floyd • Oury Wood The Bear Clan Box 638; Leicester, NC; KatUah Province Address ISSUE TWENTY -FIVE • F.All., 1989 The Orcat Forest . Restoring Old OroWlh • Regional Planning - Timber - Forest Roads Poem: "Sparrow Hawk" - A Place for Bean "There Fell the Rain Healing" · Eastern Panther • Oak Decline • People and Habitat Wild Sanctuaries · BllUI" Fair 28748 Back Issues Issue # _ @ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $ _ _ lssue# _@$2.50= $ _ _ · Issue#_@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18-26) @ $40.00 = $_ _ postage paid � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 27, Spring 1990 Description An account of the resource The twenty-seventh issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on holistic healing: personal and planetary. Authors and artists in this issue include: Richard Lowenthal, David Wheeler, Sam Gray, Doug Aldridge, Rob Messick, Stephen Wing, Lisa Sarasohn, Snow Bear, James Rhea, Kim Sandland, Sandra Fowler, and Susan Adam. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Personal and Planetary Transformation: A Holistic Model of Healing by Richard Lowenthal.......1<br /><br />The Healing Power by David Wheeler.......4<br /><br />Peace to Their Ashes by Sam Gray.......6<br /><br />Healing in Katúah by Doug Aldridge........9<br /><br />"When Left to Grow": A Poem by Rob Messick.......10<br /><br />"Calling to the Ancestors, Calling Our Relations": Poems by Stephen Wing........11<br /><br />The Belly by Lisa Sarasohn.......12<br /><br />EARTH DAY 1990!!: A special pull-out supplement.......15<br /><br />Food From the Ancient Forest by Snow Bear.......19<br /><br />Natural World News.......20<br /><br />Good Medicine.......24<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah Journal.......26<br /><br />Events.......29<br /><br />Webworking.......30<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Cherokee mythology Holistic medicine Health resorts--Appalachian Region, Southern Alternative medicine--North Carolina, Western Mind and body Wild plants, edible--Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Black Bears Cherokees Ecological Peril Education Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Health Katúah Plants and Herbs Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling Stories Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance Women's Issues https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/9f2387ce382112b7b0a8bda018a48500.pdf 09fa3efa31f6a47dc90c3efbe5b45134 PDF Text Text ISSUE 28 SUMMER 1990 $1.50 �~UAH JOURNAL PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Kaluah Province 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 �Carrying Capacity ....................... 3 by David Wheeler Setting Limits to Growth: Interview with Dr. Gary Miller.......•.•.•. 5 Recorded by David Wheeler What Is Overpopulation?................... 7 by Stephe11 Bartlett The Road Gang ......................... 8 by Rob Barro11 The Highway to Nowhere ............ 9 Opening Pandora's Box: The 1-26 Projec1 ......................... 10 by Rob Barron "Caring Capacity" .................... 11 by Will Ashe Bason People and Habitat. .................. 12 by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawcett Designing the Whole Life Communicy.............. 14 by Marnie Muller Steady State ................... ........ 15 by .Tim llouser Poems by Will Ashe Bason ............. 17 Good ~lcdicine........................ 20 Transportcrnativcs .................... 22 by Pmrick Clark Imagining the End of Real Estate ................ 23 hy Jlecrdire P. CotUic'Cllt Naturnl World Ncws .................24 !\Jan and the Biosphcrc ...............27 Drumming ............................. 28 l.e11crs to Katuah Joum31 Review: Cohousing .................. 30 by Will Ashe Bason Events .................................. 33 Wcbworking ...................... .... 34 ---- , A f': are blesL The Katuah Province V V~f the bioregion of Appalachia is a place of beauty with abundant rainfall, verdant forests, rich bottomland soils developed from the old rocks of the hills, and a wide diversity of plant and animal species. The highland forests have provided well for a human population for 14,000 years. They have maintained sttong populations of other animal species for eons longer than 1hat. And they consistently perform important life suppon services for the entire planet. Yet today the growth and development of human culture in the Southern Appalachians is threatening the viability of the system as a whole. And we do not seem 10 know how to conttol ii. We cannot control it because the idea of physical "growth" is enshrined on a cultural pedestal and is considered to be among the ranks of the holy - beyond question. Physica1 "growth" is the economic watchword of our society, the one tactic that has never failed us. It is the measure of our economic success in the concept of our Gross National ProducL It is seen as the panacea for all our economic ills, local or national. But now our concept of infinite growth has collided headlong with the physical Limits of our biosphere. We have passed the point of diminishing returns, and our response is to squeeze our environment all the tighter, even as it becomes increasingly apparent that our world can no longer stand the strain. But we still seem unable to give up our addiction to the: concept of infinite increase. We mochfy the word "growth" with the limiting adjectives "quality" and "responsible," but vinu~lly no one is willing to publicly bring up the idea that here in the Katiiah Province we have alreotly surpassed the ability of the l3nd to suppon our great numbers and our grea1 enterprise. This is because the idea of carrying capacity is not widely known. Carrying capadty means the extent of a habitat'~ ability to suppon a conunuously sustainable population of a particular species. Any aspect ofhabita1 can be the critical clement that limits carrying capacity for a given species, although food or water are usually the determining factors. Even 1hose human beings familiar with the notion of carrying capacity are reluctant to apply it to our own species, feeling that it violates some unspoken human ttusl to admit that we, too, are bound by the inevitable laws of Oeation. The truth be known, in the Karuah bioregional province we need to work to lessen our species' impact on the ecosystem that sustains us. But instead our numbers and impact continue to rise. The two-headed bogey of growth and development is going to be one of the most crucial issues facing all of us in the Karuah Province in the decade 10 come. In the mountains, developmem is synonymous with access. Access today means roads. Where the roads go, habitat destruction follows. In some ways, the futare of our . region is as simple as that "'for Cife. in t~ mountains is fi'Tling in tfanger Of too many people., too many macftine.s... • S""8 {yriu 6y Jolin 'Dentler To understand whaL is happening to us and to our region we need to understand the idea of carrying capacity. We need to be able to wield that idea incisively in order to communicate to others about what is happening and to bring about change. The solution is for us to redefine the relationship between our species and our mountain habitat We need to see that we are the mountains, that we are the forest Our model is the old-growth forest itself. When a forest is in the early stages of succession, i1 grows aggressively. using up great amounl.'i of energy, producing great amounts of biomass. This is known as a young forest. In the study of anthropology, a society such as ours that expands aggressively into the world is also known as a young culture. A young forest is constantly growing toward whaL is known as the climax condilion. In the climax, or old-growth. forest, the processes of growth and decay are maintained in a precise balance Lhat is sustainable indefinitely. A forest in the climax stage is considered 10 be a ma111re forest. Like a mature forest, a mmure culture emphasizes conservation of energy, makes less demands on the world around it, and is capable of continuing 1ndefini1ely in a condition of sustained equilibrium with its surrounding habitat. We, at the height of our destructive cultural adolescence. need to decide: are we going to add yet another ecosy_stem to our list of conquests, or are we going to grow into maturity as a culture ~d come once . again into balance with this beautiful land m which we are blest to live? Drawing by Rob Messick -The Editors �~LJAH JOURNAL STAFF TI IJS ISSUE: Susan Adam Patrick CJark Karen Lohr Stephen Banlett Jim llouser Mamie Muller James Rhea Chip Smith Tersh Palmer David Wheeler Manha Tree Rob Messick EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Will Ashe Bason Jack Chaney Michael Havelin Scott Bird John Creech COVER: by Rob Messick © 1990 BACK COVER illus1ra1ion by Joaquin Wlu1e Oak. a na1fre o/1he Chumash tribe of the west coast. The Chuma.sh cul/lue has all but bun destroyed- there are fl() full-blooded tribal memben, and 1he language and sp1ri1ua/ traditions hU\/t1 been lost. All 1Jra1 remains is o/ 1he old ways of the uibe is in tlu! art tradilion, which Joaquin and a few others carry on. Joaquin and his family are currently li1•ing ln Black /.fountain. NC. PUBLISHED BY: Katt'talr Jo11ntal PRTI\'TED BY: The WayneSVtlle Mo11nrai11eer Press ED!ffiRIAl. OffJCE THIS ISSUE: The Globe Valley WRITF US AT: Kattial: Joumal Box 638; Lcices1er, NC; Kaiuah l'rovincc 28748 TEI EPllOl'l:E: (70-i) 754-6097 Kaniah Jaurnal is on Skyland BBS, Asheville, NC. For infonnation, call (70-i) 254-6700. THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BIORECION AND MAJOR EASTERN RIVER SYSTEMS STATEMENT OF PURPOSE /Jere 1n the southern-most hear1/and of the Appalachian mou11tains, the oldest mounUJin range on our continent, Turtle Island· a small but growing group has begun to 1alte on a sense of responsibility for the implications of tha1 geographical and cultural heritage. This sense of rcsp0nsibility centers on the concept of living wit/Jin the natural scale and balance of univer.ral systems and principks. Within this circle we begin by invoking tht Cherokee name " Ka11lah" as the old/new name for this area of the mountain.fund for us journal a.swell. Thr. pro»ince is indica1ed by 11s natural boundaries: the Roanolc.e Rn·u Valley to the nnrtl1; tl1e foothills of thr pit'dmont area ro the east: Yona MouMain and thr Georgia liill.t to the south; and the Tennessee Riw~r \'alley 10 the wcs1 Thc cthtoria/ priori tie.< for us are to colleet and dinemina1e informn11on and cnerJ!Y wliich J'(rtain.1 ,Tpecifica/ly /fl this region. and to foster tltr.11...,wenr.ss tlt111 the land is a living bdng dcsl'rving of our lo»c and respect. LMng in this manner is a way 10 ins1ue the .mstainabiliry of the bio.fpht:re and a /a.wns: p/au for aurstfrc.f in its continuing tva/111t0nary proctss. We sum to luwe reached thi: fulcrum {'<Jint ofa· do or die si111at1on in terms of a quality .ttandard of life for all living beings on this planet. As a \'CJ/CC for the rautllUrs o/ tht1 sacred land, K111"'1h, we advocate a rrnttrcd approach 10 th.: conupt of dccen1raliza11on. !1 i.f our hope to become a suppc•rt sy.flem for thou accepting the challenge o/ .fu.flainab1/iry and 1he crca11on <if lwrmony and balance in a total scMe, hetc in this place. \l'e we/rotrU! all correspondence, criticism. pertinent information, a.rticlcs. artwork, tic. w11h hopes tlrat Kattlah will grow to scr1•e the best 111urem of this rtgion and all ils li\•ing. breathing trU!mhers. .~ • The Edi1ors p-' H D1vcrs1l) 1s an tm(IOl'l:lnl dcmcnl of l:>1oreg1onul ecology, both natural and social. In line w11h lh1s prmcipk. tho: J.'atWih Journal tries to serve as a forum for the discussion of regioml JSsucs. Signed nttic k~ ~xprc!>.~ only the ormion of the authors and arc no1 ncccssar1ly the opinions or the KatWih Journal tditors or staft . The Internal Revenue Service ha~ declared Kattlnh a non·prolit organizauon under sccuon 501(<:)(3) of the Internal Revenue Cod.:. All contributions to Kat"'1h are dedoc11blc from personal income uu. 'LNVOCA.T'LON The Wonder of lhc World Nature's Beauty and Power. The shape of things Their colors. lights. and shades. 111esc r saw. Look ye also while life lasts. - InscrlpUon on an old English gravestone ~ KATU~RlN·1Ht·YEf\~- 2022.? Cart.oon b) Rob Messick .. . Summrr, 1990 �CARRYING CAPACITY by David Wheeler ln 1944 a small island in Alaska was stocked with 24 reindeer. There had been no reindeer previously on the island, and 1hc animals had no natural predators. Lichens and other na1ural foods were plentiful and 1he reindeer prospered. They prospered ro the extent that by r963 there were 6,000 of the animals inhabi1ing the island. By then the island was badly overgrazed, and the severe snowstonns tha1 s1ruck the area that winier decimated the herd. By the winter's end there were only 42 reindeer left, only one of them a male. all of 1hem probably sterile from nu1ri1ion deficiency, living in a badly degraded environment. This small tragedy was recorded by David R. Klein in the Journal of Wildlife Managemem. It is known today as a classic case of the consequences of violating 1he carrying capacity of a defined habitat area. The moral for 1he wildlife managers reading the story was that the reindeer herd should have been managed to stay below a maximum density of five reindeer per square kilometer, a level that 1he island could have supported indefinitely. In the natural world, when a species exceeds the carrying capacity of 11s given habitat, if it canno1 expand its niche, then 1ha1 species sufferi; a dicback, usually from starvation, until its numbers once again drop back wi1hin the limits or its habitat's carrying capacity. Although we recognize the idea of carrying capacity, we are reluctant to admit its relevance to our own species. The concep1 arose from the observations of ecologists. who apply i1 as a mauer of course to any popula1ion being "managed" to fit into a particular human-dcfmed habitaL But even though we have reached the geographic and resource limits of the globe and human habitat is now limhed as well, we still hcsi1ate 10 apply the concept of carrying capacity 10 our own kind. There is a myopic assump1ion that somehow our own selves are exemp1 from this natural law 1hat applies to every species in Creation. The na1ural area in which to calculate carrying capacity is the bioregion, as the bioregion is the basic uni1 of habitation, for the human as well as 01her species. It is relatively uncomplicated to estimate the carrying capacity for plant and animal species once their habiiat needs are known. In nature all creatures are closely linked 10 their habitat and when one crucial clement of 1heir life support system is ovenaxed, usually food or water, the species begins to experience dicback. It is Summer, 1990 characteris1ic tha1 overpopulated animal species, like the unfortuna1e reindeer herd on St. Mauhcw Island, usually degrade 1heir local environment 10 some extent, sometimes irreversibly, as they anempt to scrape out the last shreds of sustenance before the population is pruned back 10 sustainable levels. The role of a predator species is co srrenglhen lhe gene pool of their prey and 10 keep the population of 1he prey species within the limi1s of carrying capacity, preventing this environmental degradation. The classic equation for figuring the impact of a human socie1y is: population size x 1mpac1 of technology =effect on the habitat. These factors are modified by the spiritual and ecological altitudes of 1he socie1y. This equa1ion is no1 useful in arriving at specific number values, but rather it illustrates relationships. II tells us, for example, that a slight rise in population among the people of Turtle Island has a much greater impact on the planetary environment than a large rise in population in most Third World counties because of the garganiuan appe1ite of our energy-iniensivc technology. Human industrial technology has complica1ed the idea of carrying capacily as it applies to our own species. A habi1a1's carrying capaci1y can be s1ressed either by over-occupation, by excessive resource extraction, or by waste disposal overload. Modem society, supported by our high-intensity technology, can stress a regional habitat by the sheer volume of resources i1 consumes, by simply monopolizing much of the available space, by turning out more waste than natural systems can process, or by 1uming out wastes so exo1ic or so toxic 1ha1 digesting organisms cannot assimifate them. Mos1 imponamly, however, we humans have learned how to reach beyond our own bioregions to import resources necessary for life. Early human beings were dependent on their immediate bioregion and the well-being of the other species with which they shared iL Today we can exhaust the resources of one region and then put off the ecological consequences of our ill-use by en1ering another region and ex1racting from there the resources to maintain, or even to expand, our bloa1ed levels of consumption. Each time we reach beyond the bounds of our own bioregions to find 1he materials to suppon life or to dispose of our waste products, we drain the vitality of the victimized region and bring hardship 10 all its inhabitants - plant, animal, nnd human. We also are able 10 extend our reach through rime. By drawing off fossil fuels deposited in pas1 millennia, we have boosted our numbers and our rares of resource consumption to extravagant levels, c~ting an ecological debit that will be lef1 for coming generations 10 pay. For example, energy-intensive industrial agricuhurc is "mining" soils, causing severe long-tenn degradation by forcing them to feed much greater numbers of people and animals than their capabilities allow. Another example is our fossil fuel wastes, which for centuries will remain toxic momenioes of the brief flowering of industrialism. While we have all the fun, our dcscendents will have to resolve all the long-term problems crea1ed by our energy bonanza. It lends a sense of urgency to 1he ques1ion of carrying capacit)' when we realize that we are driving 100 species per day into extinction and habitats world-wide are constantly being degraded by our Himprovcments." We seem quite willing to sacrifice the existence of any other species, even the greatest and grandes1, rather than relinquish even 1he slightest aspect of our prodigal lifestyle. When we drive other life forms to extinction, clearly we have gone too far. ln doing this we not only diminish the present world; we threaten the planet's evolutionary future. Carrying capacity is not the only balance to which we have to pay attention in this world, but for the purposes of evaluating our success as a species, it is a most useful one. Predator species have (continued on next page) JGQtimh ) 01unm p1a9e 3 �Photo by Doug Woodward CARRYING CAPACITY (conunucd from p. 3) instinct~al popul~tion. controls that help them keep t~e1r.~pulauons m ~ance ':""ith their prey • temtonahty, no maung during lactation periods, long gestarion times. In some cases infant monality rates are helped by adult males wh? will kill and eat young cubs in their temtory. Predators "know" somewhere in their make-up that il is to their advantage to keep their populations Jean and spare. Humans seem to have retained this sense of survival while living as nomadic and semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers. Tribal people had a variety of contraceptive melhods: herbal magical, and ritual. ln some tribes wome~ would nurse their children into their founh and fifth year, thus decreasing fertility. In some hunting societies when times were hard, mothers would sometimes bury a child rather than let it live to face possible slow starvation. Even nomadic hunting societies had unspoken, but clearly defined, boundaries to their wandering. Primitive people bowed to the nece~ities imposed by their role as a predator species. The development of agriculture is marked as a turning point in our conception of ourselves. Agriculture allowed much denser le~els of population, and a large number of children per family became a desirable goal in most agricultural societies, as it meant help in I.he fields and a buffer against the high infant monality engendered in the more densely populated, unsanitary agricultural villages. It is accepted as a general rule that when peoples tum to agriculture, their populations shoot up. However, on Turtle Island agricultural/hunting societies contradicted that rule. ~ere in the Southern Appalachian Mountams che Cherokee Indians maintained balanced numbers in chis region of abundant resources for many generations. The Hopi, the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) tribes, and the Man~an repf7sented other native people:> who pracuc:ed agnculture yet kept their population levels in tune with the ability of their regions to provi~e. It ~s t><?ssible to have resources enough and soll ma.mlalll a balance with the land. Recent archaeological finds show that Neolithic agricultural societies in Europe also JGcitUah Jourt;'QL ~Cl~, 4 had achieved that balance. However, the Inda-European nomads who conquered the continent never learned that an. Europe was already filled to overcrowding when Columbus opened up the New World for exploration at the end of the fifteenth century. The Black Plague had diminished the population somewhat, but it had quickly recovered. There was not land enough for all, so under the primogeniture system fathers gave their holdings to their oldest son and the younger sons went viking , to the Crusades, or to the monastery. They saw I.he world as theirs to plunder. Immigration to the New World vented the building population pressure in Old Europe and postponed the dire predictions of Malthus in the late eighteenth century concerning the miseries of a land overcrowded beyond its carrying capacity. Conditioned by life in the Old World, the white immigrants coming to Tunic lsland saw the. cont~ent in terms of opponunity: economic capual, untouched resources, and productive land - opponunity, in other words ' for exploitation. Today, with world population at five and one-quaner billion and the population on this contin_ent.at 420.100.000, returning to Carrying capac11y 1s, more than ever, a necessary goal. Yet the etruc of today is "growth." Growth is seen as being synonymous wilh prosperity. But when cells grow without heed to the needs of the greater organism, this is called "cancer." And this is precisely the nature of industrial society in the world today. We need to regain the predator's sense. As a species, panicularly here in I.he Southern Appalachians. we need to reverse the growth et~1c. and restore the balance. If we are not living wnhin the bounds of sustainability for our own bioregion. then we are leeching energy from other people and other species in other bioregions or from the non-human species of our own reJ?;ion. For 500 years on this continent the dominant influence has been to direct our energy outward. to change the world to meet our perceived wants and needs. We are now realizing that we are not greater than the world, that we are part of the world. With that realization comes responsibility. Now the wsk is to change ourselves and our society to fit the demands of the Greater Life, specifically life as we find it in our respective bioregions. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to set aside large areas where native species can find a home and the narural processes prevail. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to curb our appetites ("Live simply that others may simply live."). It is imperative that we use all appropriate methods to limit our numbers. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to c:ease. the productio~ of all slowly-degrading rad1oacuve and 01herw1se toxic materials. Once pr<>?uced, they inevitably end up in the life chain, and the destructive influence of their poisons accumulates in the body of the Eanh. For the sake of the Greater Life, we need to honor and show respect for the process of death as well as for 1he process of birth. Although the fact is masked by the of latter day civilization, we are JUSt as dependent on our regions as our earliest forebears. As stated above, bioregions are the basic unitS of habitation. They are our sphere of influence, o~r gift and our challenge. We may venture out mto the world, but our bioregion is always "home." When we are willing to recognize our limits, we wilJ find them clearly stated in the life offered by our biorcgion~ ~omogeneity ~ JAJI. ADDITIOS A EASURE OF PROGRESS ~~ Phow counesy or lhe N&1 Ri- Fru Prus Su.m,mer, 1990 �SETTING LIMITS TO GROWTH: ANINTERVIEWWITHDR.GARYMILLER KaJ(talz Journal: How does carrying capacity work in nature? Gary Miller: The limits of a habitat's carrying capacity for any given species come into play during what 1 call the "pinch period," when one of the basic factors of that species' life support - available food, proper conditions for reproduction, growth space, water, etc. - becomes a limiting factor. A species will reach carrying capacity when one of these limiung factors stops population growth or causes population decline. To carry that over to the human population, we are now seeing clearly that certain areas - like Central Africa - are having a very difficult time feeding themselves. Many pans of the United States are now running out of water, so water availability is becoming a critical limiting factor. There is no doubt that there is a whole series of limiting factors that are going to affect human carrying capacity, whether in terms of a region or in cenns of the planet. We don't know what the planet's ultimate carrying capacity for human beings is. It's highly variable according to the different parameters at work in different regions of the world. Some ecologists are saying that the human population is double the planet's long-tellll carrying capacity for our species. In other words, the true biological, long-term, sustainable carrying capacity for the people this planet can support is presumably somewhere in the 2 1/2 billion range. We arc now approaching five and one-quaner billion people. KJ: Having fossil fuels available really complicates it. GM: The fossil fuels that we are now extracting allow us to exceed carrying capacity, because they offer an artificial way to support great numbers of humans. However, that energy supply is finite. Natural gas and oil will run out in the near future. Coal will probably last some 200-400 years in the United States. If we were 10 lose these fuel sources immediately, it \\'OU Id cause all sorts of misery for the human population, because vinually all the methods we in the West use to grow our food and create our extrnvagant creature comfons arc based on fossil fuels. Food production, one of the most important issues defining carrying capacily for humans, is clearly now a function of fossil fuel subsidies in the developed countries. We live in a world agricultural economy based entirely upon readily available and relatively cheap sources of fossil fuels. The orange juice produced in Brazil, the apricots and strawbemes produced in Spain. or the couon products grown in Egypt can be shipped any place around the globe in a very shon period of time. Water from the mountains of Nevada irrigates produce grown in the San Joaquin VaUey of California. But try to accomplish that when fossil fuel supplies are exhausted! That's when the real issue of carrying capacity will be felt and understood by our species. KJ. Also for human beings. the qucsuons of values comes into it, too. Right now we are continuing our own support at the standard to which we are accustomed by sacrificing other species' life suppon systems, thereby driving them to extinction. GM: Based on our present population numbers and level of resource consumption, we are basically incompatible. We have a tendency to monoculture virtually everything, and once we take out the native grasslands, the native upland forests, and wetlands and replace them with monocultures, about the only thing that can survive are the plants and the animals that are broad generalists and a few parasites and predators that thrive off of those monoculture species. KJ: How about in the mountains? Arc there ways in which it is evident that we are violating our region's carrying capacity? GM: One thing 1 think of right away i~ the _rapi.d rat~ of loss of flatlands the mosc suitable farmland 10 this b1oregton. Those bouoml~nds are also prime areas for industrial and Summe~, t 990 • Phoio by Rodney Webb commercial s11e development, which means shopping malls and all the things associated with malls and strip development. Concentrated housing is also going up on relatively flat land. The best farm lands available should be set aside for farming so that we can support ourselves if and when we find ourselves in a pinch period. If our supply lines are ever cut, whether because of a war. or because we run out of fossil fuel energy, or because of a natural disaster, we will have to rely on our ability to produce food locally. But much of our prime farm land is going under pavement and building structures, never to be reclaimed. For all intents and purposes, that land is lost forever, and with that land we have lost our ability lO cope should any of these hypothetical disasters actually occur. Mu~h of the bouomland habitat has disappeared, and as a result na11vc plant and animal populations have declined. Very few mountain wetlands exiSt today. I question the quality of our present political leadership. It seems like we need to call a moratorium on growth. There needs to be time set aside to plan for the future. We need to plan now how we are going to accommodate all species' survival. How many people can we accommodate here before we do irreparable harm t0 our support ecosystems and to the natural biota? KJ What would be the most effective way to put a moratorium on growth? GM: One of lhe ways is for the citizenry to demand it. That isn't likely to happen. Another way would be for the lcad~hip of the community to call for it, realizing, in their wisdom, that we live within finite systems. Another way is simply to not extend the ~ecessary infrastructure services - such things as roads, electnc power, water, and sewer. KJ: Those items are presently thought of as services, but they act in a much more aggressive way. Simply having those layers of infrastructure in place guarantees growth. GM: Absolutely. If you want an area to grow and dev~lop. extend water lines, streets, power, and sewer. and ll 1s guaranteed to develop. There was an article in the Asheville Citizen on March 7, 1990 that told how the Asheville City Council approved a subdivision by a 4-3 vote despite testimony from the fire department stating that they would not be able to ~uarantee fire protection to that development, be<:ause the slope 1s too steep to get the fire trucks up under icy conditions. What the city council said was. "We want to keep growing." �What the leadership should be saying is, "If we can't protect the people who would be living there, then the developers shouldn't be building there." I think that in this case our leaders were shirking their responsibility and cenainly not looking out for the general public's best interestS. KJ: But on the other hand, not having the infrastructure in place effectively prohibits growth ... GM: ...Or at least keeps it at a very low density, because most developers are going to be wary of developing a large project where they can't be guaranteed infrastructure. Kl: So the infrastructure has a pivotal role as far as the extent of development. GM: Yes. One of the biggest problems we now have in Asheville, NC where I hve, is is the controversy around extending the water supply infrastructure. The first choice of the city leadership was tapping the French Broad River. For various reasons the public said no. If the voters were to say forcefully, ''No, we don't want a new water supply, let's make do with what we have," saying in other words that conservation should be a first priority, that would put a crimp in long-term growth here. The same thing is true for the sewer system. The sewer lines are continually being extended. We have hundreds of miles of pipeline that arc in critical disrepair, with leaks showing in different locations throughout the city and the county, and still the only time the administration ever hesitates to extend the sewer lines is when the state threatens them with a lawsuit saying, "You already have too many leaks in that area and the manhole covers are popping out whenever it rains. You can't possibly extend." So the city calls an emergency meeting, and they give a million-dollar contract, rush in and repair the immediate problems, and then they can extend the line and add more houses in that area. They repair the sewer system just enough so that they can go further out, which stresses it all over again. Kl: Then the new power lines that Duke Power Co. is going to put through the counties south of here is not just a neutral kind of thing. GM: Any time you extend any major form of infrastructure, it cannot be defined as neutral. Any time those services are punched through, they definitely tend to promote growth. KJ: In the mountains one of the most imponant types of infrastructure is roads, because in the mountains access is always one of the major limiting factors. When access is gained to an area, that means that the people come, and as the access improves and becomes easier, that brings more people. It happens very consistently Wt as soon as there is access, the maximum number of people come in. GM: Absolurely. It's creeping incrementalism. Everyone assumes that this linle road here or that little activity there really doesn't make any difference. But this occurs hundreds or thousands of times every single day in any given region, and when one translates it to a world-wide scale, one can see that we are forcing lms of organisms and the habitats that are required to suppon them into siruations that are life-threatening. There are 5 1/4 billion humans out there; each of them, every day, has some son of effect on the environment.We all make decisions that are in our own best interests. We rarely think in terms of the best in1eres1s of the woodpecker, the salamander, 1he migrating songbird, or the oak tree; yet all the creatures of the forests and of the waterways perform critical activities that benefit us both directly and indirectly. Kl: In this region the major effects of roads would be to ei1her increase the density of human beings in certain areas or to bring human beings into areas that were previously uninhabited. GM: An example is the proposed Route I-26, which is to link Asheville with a Tennessee state highway to Johnson City. AU of the areas through which this new route will pass are going to experience a period of extremely rapid expansion, simply because they are going to be accessible to an estimated 12,000 vehicles a day. Any time a major interstate is put through a rural area where there is relatively low-priced land available, there is a likelihood that someone is going to buy up land for industrial and commercial development. There will be a lot of strip development and probably small mini-industrial parks will sprout up along the route. As a result, an increase in air pollution will occur as nicrogen oxide, a precursor for tropospheric (low altitude) ozone formation, is formed by all the passing vehicles. We now know that low-level ozone is a major toxicant to plant Life in the Southern Appalachians. But of course that is what the growth and development people m this area are willing to settle for. They are willing to sacrifice a high quality environment for a middle quality environment The wisdom of that approach is highly debatable. Someone looking at the long-term sustainability of all species, not just the human species, quickly comes to the conclusion wt we just can't keep growing indefinitely in an area that has such very special features. To my mind the Southern Appalachian Mountains need to be recognized as the highest kind of bio-rescrve, as opposed to just another location for industrial and commercial development. The mountains have exceptional physical and biological traits. Large sections of the moumain habitat should be set aside as a major genetic reserve area. There should be guarantees that this special bioregion is not subdivided into a thousand small biological islands surrounded by human developments and the resulting pollutants. (continued on page 21) GM: A big boom occurred here as a result of the opening of the 1-40 interstate. It was a coast-to·coast route that brought thousands of new people through this area each week. many of whom found the Southern Appalachians to be delightful and decided that in some form or other they were going to come back here and spend more time. Many of them have returned to visit, and many of them have in fact moved here as permanent residents. KJ: That principle works on all levels. l-40 meant that more people came into the region. a road going up into a new cove or hollow means that there will be an innux of people into that hollow, and a road going out into 1he national forest, means that more people use that pan of the forest. G.\f: Any rime we humans can open up access, sooner or later people are going to use it. and that leads to increased use of the area where that road has been added. KJ· So stopping roads and roadbuilding would be an imponant pan of limiting human territorial expansion. JGal.Uah JourrmL PR9& 6 Su.f!\ma-, 1990 �WHAT IS OVERPOPULATION? Reflections on China and Karuah by Stephen Bartlett My Chinese friend had jus1 arrived m Madison, Wisconsin in order to spend a year s1udying English. He was hom~ick and in culture shock. If I had no1 spent two years wilh him in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. the People's Republic of China, 1he commen1 he made 1hat warm July evening would have been completely incomprehensible 10 me. We were sitting on a lakeside pier when a family of ducks came circling around overhead in the pink dusk and splashed down into the wa1er nearby, a stone's throw from the towering University waterfront Chen broke the silence with this innocent question: "Whose ducks are those?'' After a stunned silence, I managed to reply "Nobody owns them. They are wild ducks." My words plunged Chen into a deep contemplation. Finally, be said, "How marvelous! Bui who will eat them?" Behind this cross-culmral schism there lies both tragedy and hope. For China is not only a land where humans have devastated Nature, but also a place where people have learned some profound ecological lessons ~nd p_u_t them int? practice.. Ah.hough the 240 million human beings mhabmn~ ~e United States 1s su_ll a s~all number compared to China's 1,080 m1 lhon, we have a per capita environmental impac1 somewhere in the range of 40-60 times 1hat of a common Chinese person due to our s1unningly "afnuent" culture. We have been on 1his inherently rich conuncnt only a very short time in Chinese tenns, yet we have already managed to lay waste ro a vast area of our land and deplete resources at astonishing speed. What then can the Chinese teach us to allow us to avoid the terrible des01Jcoon they have experienced over the centuries? Can we live beuer wii~ less, live more fully on a smaller scale, live more humbly in our bodies and on our lands? Jiangsu Provin~e is a sophisticated humanized landscape. There where deer ~nc~ frohcked perhaps two thousand years ago, 77 million people_ now live 1n a well-watered'. canal-irrigated alluvial plain the size of Georgia, on the ba~ks of che Hum and Yangtse Rivers. Seventy-five per cem of th~ pe~ple live on uny rural plots of less than one acre per family: the rest hve m crowded, bicycle and coal-powered cities encircled by dense seulcmentS of truck gardeners who supply nil lhe produce the city will consume. Despite a dense population, the rural landscape is relatively diverse ecologically, and almost entirely edible. Rice grown by hand in paddies is irrigated by canals and ditches swarming wich fish which in tum feed Oocks of domesticated ducks and geese who supplement Lhe rice/tofu diet of the humans whose wastes arc returned to the fields, which yield bountiful harvests of grains. beans, oils and vegetables, whose leftovers go 10 the family pigs. Travelling bee keepers migrate northward in spring as the flowering trees blossom. reaping honey harvests and cross-fcnilizing the crops and fruits along the way. Water buffalo wallow in canals in summer and huddle behind hay stacks in winter and resolutely turn the soil the rest of the time. They endure extremes of temperature and live on both water plants and dry land foods, making their upkeep easier. Wild birds are sometimes trapped, and the bountiful rivers are fished for the protein foods they can provide. Sunflower seeds arc munched by the ton in movie theaters and the husks arc used as mulch the next day. Occasional woodlots and windbreak trees between fields and along roads improve the microclimate, reduce erosion, and supply wood produc1s for tools and other uses. Almost nothing is wasted, but almost everything is put to human use. Where we lived in Yangzhou--a small city by Chinese standards wi1h its 350,000 odd mhab11ants, life was made bearable and even frutiful due to these charac1eristics of the Chinese lifes1yle: 1) Bicycles arc the main source of transport and local shipping. Air pollurion and noise from vehicles is minimized. People are fit. Stephen Ban.km in a field in China 2) All. of the myriad vcgetnbles. fish, eggs. tofu and meat arc purchased directly from the farmers themselves who, hv10g within a 2 mile radius of street markets, make their way by pedal power. Thus, Lhc food distribution system is extremely efficient and avoids Lhc use of fossil-fuels. 3) Farmers rely mainly on human wastes for fertilizing (ir being the most abundant source!). They double as sanitation workers by collecting all the "night soil" in "honey buckets", caning it to their fields to sit in holding pits, and using 11 on their crops, most of which will in tum be consumed by the city folk. The quality and tas1e of the food was cxcelleni, as was the variety. The only drawback is the danger of the spread of diseases such as hepatitis, a danger avoided mainly with the technique of quick and hot stir frying of foods in fuel-efficient woks. 4) Shoppers go out daily carrying their purchases in straw baskets. There is very little plastic or paper waste generated. Produce sellers appear at dawn at almost every street comer in the ci1y where staples such as cabbage, noodles and tofu can be boughL 5) People maintain healthful routines. They ride or walk to their jobs which arc invariably near their homes. They arise early and enjoy afternoon naps during most of the year. 6) A sophisticated, human·shaped ecosystem has been evolved lhroughouc the countryside where many ecological niches are filled with edible creatures. Frogs and other beneficial creatures nre protected. Female fish at binhing age are thrown back. Fanners use land intensively. double cropping rice in summer and reaping a winter harvest of wheat or barley as well. Yields are on Lhe average of 2 to 3 times those of American farme~. per acre. Humans rely mainly on vegetable protein, thus enabling every acre of land to suppon at least JO people with basic grains and soybean products. Sophisticated crop rotations are standard practise. 7) People do not bum fuels to keep warm in winter but tum to high energy foods such as pork fat. and many layers of flannel underwe:ir. Even goose down stuffed co:tts and pants are common in rur.il as well as urban areas. Air pollution from burning diny coal is thus minimi~d. (Note: in the bitter cold of nonh China, coal burning is common and is cause for terrible air pollution.) Lest we anempt to idealize the Chinese way of life, we must be awttre that they have arrived at such an ecological and egalitarian lifestyle only after laying waste to much of their land, especially in the vast Yellow River Valley in nonhem China, the cradle of early Chinese civilization. So ~at has the destruction been that the majestic Yellow River 1hreatcns to change course yet again and is perched prccariouslv behind dikes at a height of 9 meters above the arable plain of Shandong Province. It is kept m check only through the continual effom of millions of man-days work to constantly reinforce the dikes with soil dredged from the mouth of the River! (conunucd oo pace 30) Summ£T, t9!JO Xlituah Journal pa!JC 7 �THE ROAD GANG: PORT RAIT OF A STATE TRANSPORT AT ION DEPARTMENT by Rob Barron During the Depression years, when local governments were going bankrupt, and the economic fabric of the state was coming unravelled. the s1a1e government of North Carolina, in order to keep the road system solvent and functioning, took over all the counry roads and all the major city roads in the state. Since that time, vinually every major road in the state has been under the domain of the Nonh Carolina Depanment of Transportation (DOT), a proud and arrogant bureaucracy that wields great political and economic power. The DOT is responsible for maintaining, and expanding when necessary, North Carolina's 76,000 mile road system. The DOT executes the will of the state Board of Transponation. The Board numbers 25 of the most powerful people in the state. Board member~ include pre~idems of trucking companies, an execuuve of a billboard company, construction executives, and one woma~, the daughter of a family that develops shopp10g centers. They are all politically prominent and won their appointments to the Board through their valuable contributions of money. and influence to the governor's political campaigns. These are the people who make the transponation decisions for Nonh Carolina. To have control over roads is to have political leverage within the state government. The DOT has an enormous budget. It has a dedicated source of revenue and does not have to come back to the legislature every year to plead for a budget and submit its workings to legislative scrutiny. And DOT funds are discretionary, meaning that the Board has complete control over how they arc spent. Thus road funds also act as political capital. Lobbyist Bill Holman, who works in Raleigh on behalf o f the Nonh Carolina Chapter of the Sierra Club and the Conservation Council of North Carolina, says that, "Paving somebody"s road, or widening somebody's road, or opening up somebody's propeny with a road ~s one of the wa>'.s tha_t a governor can help out h1s supponers. It is a rune-honored practice in North. Carolina politics, spanning both Democrauc and Republican administrations. The building of highways is the single biggest pot of discretionary pork barrel in the state budget and it is almost tota ll y under the control of the governor and his appoin tees. .. 'They are into more Political wheeling and dealing than any other agency J know. The amount of money and the amount of discretion they wield is truly incredible. It's an unbelievable hassle for the Division of Parks and Recreation to spend several hundred thousand dollars renovating a park - and it probably should be that way, so that there is some accountability for how public funds are spenL But go over to the Highway Dcparunent. and there is an enormous amount of wheelin" and dealing going on involving projects i~ which millions of dollars are at stake. "I don't think that there is much out-and-out, undcr·the-table, illegal corruption involved. There is a 101 of what I call "legal corrup1ion," which is not illegal, but ii sure Xatunn Jotnnal'. pnlJi: 8 does stink. There is a lot of politics in the paving of roads. The location of a road determines that some people make moot. on land use speculation and others don't. Paving contractors, the people that mine 1he rock, consulting engineers, all those people wire themse.lves into the political process with campaign contributions. There's a lot of patronage in the DOT. So, although it's not illegal, let me just say that I'm not convinced that it's public money well spent." "I've worked wi th the Forest Service before. and the DOT makes the Forest Service look like warm, fuzzy teddy bears." - Bill Holman, Sierra Club lobbyist The Board of Transportation's greatest power is control over the future of development m the state. In Nonh CnroJina, it is fairly easy to get a septic tank permit, a well permit, and a building pennit. The state is notorious for its lack of zoning regulations. Thai means lha1 the only barrier to development is siting a road. Since the counties lost control of their local road systems, virtually all road decisions go through the B~ai:d of Transportation. Local county comm1ss1oners may, however, request changes in their county's priority roads list, and the DOT almost always accepts their amendments. It is easy 10 see why roads are almost the exclusive focus of the Board of Transponation. Roads are power. Roads are money. Roads are influence. Rai I roads, public transportation programs, and energy conservation programs do not offer such personal enhancement and charisma. The DOT believes in roads. Roads make changes happen. Roads produce results. The agency takes pride in doing itS job, laying the pavement so that people can drive their cars and trucks to get there faster, wherever they want to go. They are engineers. Their task is to find the shonest distance between two points. But the agency also sees itself as the the facilitator of economic development. 11 is a strongly-held myth that highways bring prosperity. Around the State House m Raleigh it is almost axiomatic that, "~o~ds mean jobs." This is a corollary of the prm?1ple .that, 'Gro~tb is good" - growth almost mvanably meanmg the conventional model of industrial factories and shoppmg malls. Since "growth is good," the DOT sees no" reason why local governments should have plans m place before new highways are laid ~own. :ro the _DOT, urban sprawl isn't ugly and inefficient, tt s growth. And if developers are geui.n~ rich because the people's tax money subs1d1zes the sewers. w:1ter, and roads for their projects, why. the people should be grateful. llley arc gettmg growth. As an agency. the DOT seems to think of the environment as something that has to be moved aside to get a road through. The National Environmental Policy Act and the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act now require environmental assessments and in some cases more thorough environmental impact statements for highway projects. ll still is a :;truggle, however, to get the DOT to follow environmental regulations. Road construction has massive direct ~ffec1s on the land. ~t best,. a new highway involve~ eart~·mo.v1ng, soil turning and compacuon, obbterauon of trees and other native vegetation, fragmentation of forest habitat, and of course habitat displacement in favor of the usual pavement and grass highway landscape. At worst, rondbuilding involves all this plus stream siltation, filling of wetlands, and destruction of rare and endangered habitats. But unquestionably the most destructive aspect of highway construction is the increased human use and inevitable permanent devel.oement that moves in along every road once 11 IS in place. An interesting dichotomy occurs here. Jn selling their road plans, politicians and DOT of!icials trumpet the amount of development that will follow once road construction is completed. They wax eloquent about the new factories. malls, homes, and additional people the new road will bring. Once the road plan is adopted, however, and it is time to prepare the environmental assessments and impact statements, that same development becomes completely insignificant. It is a "secondary impact," implying that it is not at all of primary imponance, and the public is assured that this project (whichever project is under discussion) has been carefully planned to have little effect on the local environment. Jn the language of the DOT, that same developmen t that will have such a tremendous ecomomic impact on the community wiJl be only a speck on t~e local landscape, hardly enough to menuon. Up Aga inst a D·9 'Dozer Environmentally-concerned citizens have found the DOT to be an obstinate agency to deal with, especially as the Depanment considers real estate developers and contractors to be their special constituency. Holman says, "I've worked with the Forest Service before, and the DOT makes the Forest Service look like warm, fuzzy teddy bears. The DOT is a relatively arrogant agency. It is an agency that is used to getting its way. It is an agency that is convinced that it is right, and it doesn't take kindly to environmentalists or anyone else proposing alternatives or criticizing a particular route. So far, we have had very little success in working with the DOT. They have had so much clout, they haven't needed to negotiate." I low the DOT comes to have such clout is apparent in the story of the Highway Trust Fund, the $8.8 billion highway construction bill that the Nonh Carolina legislature passed nearly unanimously in 1989. Eugene Brown. a political activist from (contmucd on ncit p>.gl') Summer, I 990 �THE HIGHWAY TO NOWHERF. 1he Durham area, tells 1he s1ory of the Highway Trust Fund legislation: "Jt was an example of the old saying I.hat there are two things thar you should not watch being made: sausage and state laws. It epitomized the pork-barrel approach to enacting legislation. "When the legislators arrived in Raleigh last year, most of them knew I.hat there would be some type of a highway bill. Governor Manin h~d promised that there would be a highway bill. (Speaker of the House} Mavretic wanted it, along.with some other key legislators. So they esrablished a Highway Study Commission. This commission traveled throughout the state and held a long series of public meetings, basically with the Chamber of Commerce people, elected officials, developers, and bankers. The commission came and basically said, "Well, do you need any new roads here?" "What do you think the response is going to be from folks who fi1 into any of those categories? h's going to be, 'Sure, we need some new roads!' The Highway Study Commission turned into a "gimme" session. h was almost like asking fraternities if they wanted free beer or asking the Pentagon if it needed any new weapons. ."During the course of this study, very few questJons arose about economic priorities, cost/benefit ratios, alternatives to automobiles, or mass transit. The politicians wanted new roads, and they used the Highway Study Commission to instigate what they called "grassroots suppon" - but basically it was big money support. "Once the Highway Study Commission report was in, the leading politicians came back 10 their colleagues in the I louse and the Senate and said, "We need this road bill." So someone from Charlotte said. 'Well. 1 know that you need a few roads down east. but what can you do for me?' and someone else said, 'What can you do for me up in Winston-Salem?' "It was a mushroom effect. ft blossomed, not like nowers, like weeds. The strategy that ""'.as used to pass this bill was a very simple one: give everyone what they want. And that's exactly what happened - everyone got promised everything they wanted." . Almost all of North Carolina's legisla1ors capitulated to the power of the growth ethic, and the $8.8 billion Highway Trus1 Fund was adop1ed wi1hou1 any serious opposition on the noor. Stalling the Machine Bill Holman secs some hope in legislative slrategies 1hat can chip away at the roads package. "Remember," he says, "that one legislature cannot bind another, and legislators often change their minds, especially when they hear from their constituents." Even if the DOT received all the $8.8 billion allotted for roads, it would still be impossible LO build all the roads listed in the bill. And getting all $8.8 billion may be a problem. The state government is already $419 million overdrawn on its budget. All the other depanmcnts of the state government arc feeling the pinch and may begin to hover around the smell of pork fat coming from the Highway Buildinl? in Raleigh. ln i1s eagerness 10 build roads, the DOT is itself falling behind in its own maintenance program and may have 10 divert construction funds to care for roods already built. Ed Harrison. Transponation Chair for the NC Conservation Council and the NC Sierra Club chapter. says that one lesson 10 be learned i~ vigilance. He emphasizes that transponation planning is a long·term process, going in seven steps from conccpl, to proposal, 10 planning, to Traveling slowly along a winding secondary road I 0 miles from the town of Robbinsville, North Carolina, drivers are often surprised when they come upon a major highway development that leaves the small county route and strikes off into the far mountains. They have stumbled onto the entrance to The Highway to Nowhere. h is also known as the Tellico Plains-Robbinsville Road. It extends '>i7 mil"S through the Nant;ihala l'\ational forest bet\\ ccn the two towns, one in Monroe County, Tennessee and the other in Graham Count\', Nonh Carolina. The tWO•l:tnc highway runs on a wide, graded ro:idbed that cuts through terrain that is steep, wild, and dangerous, disruptini: n remote habitat area I.hat was once a sanc:tuary-for the most reclusive of native wildlife. It is a road that should never have happened. From its very beginning the project "as ill-advbt:d, and its history is one of destruction that has become more Wld more expensive each s1ep along its route. The road was begun in the nurry of public works spending during the War on Poveny years. Residents of the two towns requested the road, dramatizing their appeal with a wagon train from Tellico Plains 10 Murphy, Nonh Carolina 10 show the distance they had to travel. The projec1 was authorized in 1962 to be cons.tr~cted by the F~der~I Highway Adm1n1strauon (FHA) as n 'scenic highway to spur economic development in the two towns." Construction began on both ends of the road in 1965. On the Nonh Carolina side 4.6 miles of pavement were laid up Santeetlah Gap along what is now the boundary between the Joree Kilmer.Memorial Forest and the adjoining Shckrock Wilderness Area. Work s1opped in 1969, however, wilh the passage of the National Environmental Policy Acr (NEPA), which required environmental impact SU1temen1s for major projects throu~h sensitive areas. Environmental groups successfully protested the route through an ar~a soon 10 be designated "ildemess, and a new alignment was chosen. The roadway already buih was abandoned and still can be seen. a monument to the folly of The Highway to Nowhere. Construction was resumed until 1977 when excavation in I.he Hemlock Creek-McNabb Creek drainage on the Tennessee side uncovered a deposit of pyriric rock material, which releases a highly acidic leachate that kills stream life. The short-term response was to release a 20% solution of sodium hydroxide, a highly caustic but shon-lived chemical, that raised the pH at the mouth of the creeks to 5.8. Then the pyritic rock deposits were buried under topsoil which wa~ limed and reseeded as a permaneni control measure. . li?wevcr, continued wa1er quality mon11onng revealed that, although the addition of the sodium hydroxide solution had temporarily raised pH to levels tolerable to fish nnd other stream life, as soon as these ll1:atments were stopped the rneams had become acidic again. The permanent mitigation measures had failed. (ccntilwcd on page 27) (continu<d on page 11) S\lmmn, t 990 ,........ ... �It is 3!' innocu~us-seeming Listing among the many in the thick TIP (Transportation lmproveme~t Plans) book published by the Nonh Carolina D~P!1f_tment of Transportarion (DOT): NC D1111s1on 13 .. ID number A-10..•. .30.4 miles from 1-240 in Asheville, NC to rite Ten11essee state line a1 Sam's Gap fo11r-la11e freeway, part on new /ocation ... $136,700,000 .... But these few simple_ phra~es spell more change for the mountain region. A1 present Route 19-23 leaves Asheville North Carolina as a four-lane highway on th~ way to the Tn-City area of Johnson Ci1y Kingsport, and Bristol. Tennessee. Just north of \1ars I lill the route divides. with Route 19 veering east to Burnsville, and Route 23 continuing as a two-lane road, improved with a passing_ lane on some grades, over Murray Mountain and up 10 the Tennessee state line at Sam's Gap on the Appalachian crest. On the 01her side of the mountains, 1he road winds dow!l through the Cherokee National Forest, passing t~rough massive earth-moving and road construcuon before reaching Erwin, Tennessee and 1hen continui~g <?n 10 Johnson City, Interstate 8 1, the Ohio River Valley, and points north and west. T~e 15 miles of road construction proceeding on the Tennessee side will widen the route to a four-lane all t11e way to the state line at Sam's _Gap. The Sme of North Carolina is prepanng to do the same, either by improving Route 23 along its present route (Alternative A) or by creatin g Route 1-26, a contr0lled-acces~ freeway that would rake a srraigh1ercourse from Mars Hill 10 the state line (Alternative D). Just for the sake of discussion the DOT also offers a "n<? ~uild" alternative 1ha; would leave the route as It IS. . . "Alternative A" would cos1 the state $48 null_1<?n and would cause the relocation of 77 faauhes and five businesses. "Alternative D" would _cost $64,850,000 and would require the relocanon of 52 families and six businesses. The DOT, lhe "Chambers." lhe bankers, ~e truc.kers, .. and the developers favor Al~emauve D, of C?u~. They promise 5,400 vehicles per day bnng10g money, Jobs. and goods for the backward and impoverished people of th~ moumain region. They say that Route 1-26 will open the door of opportunity for the So~thern Appalachians, connccling them more directly to the eastern population centers and the midwestem industrial centers. However, I-26 is more likely 10 open Pand~ra's mythical box of troubles. H1stor:call}'._. new roads bring increased auto polluuon, increased land prices. increased mfrns~cture taxes, and increased crime and congestion wherever they go. Most of all. however, they ~ring more people. "ow quiet rural areas. Madison and Yancey Counties will never be t~e same after the opening of 1-26 channels inter-state traffic throug h their m?untains and the side roads are upgraded and "'1dcned to ex1cnd !he development. As Ed Harrison, Transponation Chair for the NC Conservation Council and ~C Sierra Club Chapter, tells us. highway projec1s are a OPENING PANDORA'S BOX: THE I-26 PROJECT TO COLUMBUS TO CHARLESTON long time in the making. The idea of upgrading Route 23 was first proposed in 1973 in the Appalachian !-lighway Development Program. Study began m 1977 and the alternative route now touted as the 1-26 corridor was ~ecommended in 1978. The concept was stalled m the early 1980's, but interest was renewed wh~n T~nnessee began widening the corridor on ~heir. s1d~ of the state line.. Preliminary 1den11ficauon of the alternative routes now being c?mpleted. 1he .DOT is now analyzing the different a!1em~11ves. An environmental impact statement 1~ bemg prepared by the J.E. Greiner Co. of Raleigh. The final environmental impac1 statement is schedule~ 10 be completed by August, 1991. The design phase will continue until the spring of 1994, when the DOT will begin 10 acquire right of ways. Consrruction is scheduled to begin in the spring of 1996. The environmental impact of the new highway corridor would be immense. Thc:re is no such thing ru. an environmentally-sensitive four-lane highway project, and the DOT is notorious for causing sedimen1a1ion problems. The proposed 1·26 route parallels or crosse:; 15 stream~. The road plan calls for an interchange on Big Laurel Creek, known as one of the 1en best trout streams on the the French Broad river watershed. The four-lane ..., ill make a wide break i~ the Appalachian Trail at S:im's Gap. There 1s talk of a welcome center on the ridgeline of the Appalachian crest. But Appalachian Trail hikers are nor the only ones walking the mountains. The widt:ned 1-26 highway clearing will be a significant b~rrier l? migration, particularly for wide-roaming black bears. It will eliminate native forest habitat for one-half mile on either side of 1he roadway and cause further opening an~ frn~mentation of the Pisgah National Forest. which is already patchy, ragged. and poorly conncc1ed. ~Vhcn a forest is broken open by n road or other 1mrusion, interior-dwelling species 1ha1 pr.:fcr shade and larger trees lose their habitat and rerrem 10 poorer habi1at areas. They become more vu!nerable 10 more aggressive edge-dwelling creatures that take their territory and .raid th.cir food s~pplics: The gene pool declines as II becomes increasingly difficulr for shy, backcountry species to find breeding partners, because the once-extensive habital has been cut into smaller and smaller islands from which individuals find it harder and harder 10 escape. Biolo~is'ts propose various mitigation sch~mes:_ using European "bridge and tunnel" engineenng, as opposed to the traditional American "cut and fill" method. Bridges and tunnels leave natural wildlife crossings 1ha1 are safe fro~ l~e highway traffic. However, they funn~I w1ldl. fe traffic_ into lhesc few designated 1 cro.s~mg pomts, making them easy targets for wa1ung hunters. To avoid this unfair advantage hunting would have to be banned for one-half mile on either side of the roadway. Leaving c~ver and thick underbrush 10 the edge of the n!lht of way would help protect crossing am ma ls. Th~ primary problem in highwa>· c?nstrucuon, however, is what is termed by the h1ghw~y department as "secondary effects.'' Essenually, these are lhe results of human access. Because of the highway, there will be more people traveling through. More of these p~ople will stop and stay. Because of the highway, more people will move funher into !he ru:al areas of t~e counry - it will be easier to drive 1.nto the cuy 10 w~rk. Land prices will go up. srnctly because of highway access. Those who live along the 1-26 corridor now may not be able to afford to do so ten years in the future. The area may not look the same, and they may not want to live there ten years in the futu!.~· The proponents of the 1-26 plan talk of 1hc 101crchange developments" that will se.rve as_centers from which economic growth w~ll radtate ~ut 1n10 the county. They will do this; there will be convenience stores. used car lots, fa~t food restaurants, and shopping centers extending along the roads away from the 1~1erchanges in every direction. The "mterch~nge developme!1ts" will sci the pace for growth in the 1-26 comdor, and they will also set the style for growth : fast. cheap. and dependent on automotive transportation. F~land will be traded in for parking lots. and Madison and Yancey Counties will begin 10 look like every other area "along the slab." -RB~ NO BUILD® XatUah Journaf '>IMJe lO S\&mmer, 1990 �THE ROAD GANG continued rrom ~c 9 program, to final planning and design, followed by land acquisition. and then cons1ruction. He emphasizes that the first stages, concept and proposal. are where it is easiest 10 block road cons1ruc1ion: 'The planning process gets voted on by local officials, and having liason with local elected officials is really the best way to keep IJ'ack of what's going on. I find that what works is to keep them in office and tell them, 'Anything that ever happens with a road, tell us .. .' "Catch a new road early when it's just a sketch line on a map." The $8.8 billion road bill may be an expensive lesson for environmental activists and taxpayers as well. Bill Holman renects on the lesson that hopefully has been learned: "The highway bill has served 10 wake up Lhe environmentalists about the imponance of these transportation plans. We have played a very small role in the transportation debate, but trnnsponation is behind the sprawling kind of gTowth we have in North Carolina. Now the DOT has woken us up." Because the behavior patterns of deer or bear arc not likely to change greatly. it is possible 10 come up with a number which represents the carrying capacicy of of a panicular IJ'aCt of land for these and other animal species. People have much more complicated behavior and their numbers matter much less than how they choose to live. What do they eat and where does it come from? What do they wear and where does it come from? What type of buildings do they live in? What type of fuel, if any. do they bum, and what do they burn it in? Are they spread out or focalizcd in their habitation pauem? Where do they shit? What are their recreational activities? What kind of shoes do they wear? What kind of pets. if any, do they keep? Where, how, and how much do they travel? What is their water usage? What is their attitude towards wildlife? The number of people in any given area is only one ~f many variables in a carrying capacity equation. We can imagine a community of people who ride to work on bulldozers, cut trees all day, and keep a gun with them at all umes for shooting anything that moves. At night they retreat to a nuclear-powered castle and cat several pounds of songbird tongueburgers. What 1s Katuah's carrying capacity for this type of rugged individual? It is also easy to imagine tribes of people wirh a religious reverence for nature and their own place in it. Their homes and clothes are modest. Their villages are powered by the Sun and by the people themselves. Bicycles are the means of transportation. Amaranth and com Summer. 1990 "CARING CAPACITY" grown in river bottoms are the main foods. They tend huge oak and chestnut groves and share their bounty with all creatures. Their waste is recycled so that there is really no waste. What is Katuah's carrying capacity for these people? What right do we have to say?! "What is our carrying capacity for love?" is a much more relevant question. There will be n srrong tendancy to rry 10 form some simple equation such a~ "number of people x level of technology = carrying capaciry." ff rhis could be divided by level of conciousness. ic would be closer to the truth, but it leaves out the factor of land suitability, and leaves me wondering what we arc trying to prove with this son of argument anyway? Anyone we talked into leaving with this line of reasomng would be the very person we wanted 10 stay• Overdevelopment and the degradation of our natural environment is a terrifying disaster and we are so frustrated in coming up with solutions that it is very tempting to point to human numbers as the root of the problem. This is a dangerous oversimplification. It takes away our own culpability, which i~ a considerable factor in the case of everyone I know. With very few exceptions we still use cars and/or plug into the main electrical network. Few of us recycle everything possible or use recycled products in all the places which we could. Few of us, at present. use composting toilet~. Few of us grow more than a symbolic amount of our own food. Our clothes f114ly be made of cotton and wool. bur where did these fibers come from? What is sprayed on the couon? What happens to the lambs? What mills knit the fibers into cloth? We are a culture in transition. It is, in some respects. a forced march into the future in which we are panicipating. A trail of tears where our own sorrow at the plighr of our people and our planet moves us ever onward toward simpler and belier ways of living. To sit down now and cast blame on others is not a very honorable thing to do. Most of the people who are most vocally concerned with the environmental quaJity of Kauiah arc themselves transplants 10 this region. This makes it especially hypocritical for us to blame newcomers or the simple gro~th of numbers for the area's problems. We should concenlnlte instead on developing a satisfying, low impact life-style which is so atlnlCtive that it is irresistible. There is no percentage for us in ma.king people feel guilty for their existence. There is everything for us to gain in maintaining and spreading a positive vision of humans living in harmony with Earth and Spirit. As we work to raise our level of conciousness. our lifestyle becomes sustainable and our population growth stabilizes, not as a burdensome discipline, but as willing and joyous obedience to our own besr interests. , • Will Asht! Bason X.Otulih Jou~n4' pa9c l t -- �PEOPLE AND HABITAT: An Historical Overview the entire region before white comacL The native people manipulated their environment with a technology based on fire and stone tools. Even though they had developed a sophisticated system of agriculture before the arrival of the first white people, it is clear they never exceeded the ability of the region to support them. They did not interfere with the capability of the habitat ro provide for other fonns of life; quite to the contrary, the native by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawccu This is a first. The Kan1ah Journal is reprinting one of its own articles. This article first appeared in a longer fom1 in Issue 25 (Fall, 1989) and was the seed rhar developed into the current issue on carrying capaciry. lss11e 25 is sold 0111 and no longer ll\lailable, and this article provides valuable links in denumstrating how carrying capacity works in our region, so we are running this shortened and revised version of the original piece to give a complete treatment ofthe topic. While many view the pastoral scenes and remote majesty of the Southern Appalachians as all-enduring, trends in human population migration and unrelenting resource extraction have had monumental effects upon wildlife and the diverse flora of their native habitat. Today little remains unaltered by the effects of human activity. The landscape we view today is a threatened glimmer of what was once, but it srill exists as one of the most diverse ecosystems on the North American continent. A historical perspective of human manipulation of the Kauiah province will help raise the question of the proper carrying capacity for human beings in our bioregion - the level that allows for the preservation of wild habitat. people relied on that capability for their continued existence. The arrival of the first Europeans, however, changed conditions drastically. The first immigrants represented the overflow from a land already subject to conditions of dire overpopulation. The Old World represented a vinually inexhaustible well of humanity that flooded over the new frontier. After the Early Inhabitants and First lmmigrants The Cherokee lndians and the indigenous people before them lived in balance with their world, utilizing the offerings of their Eden. Best estimntes give the native population as anywhere from 22,000 to 50,000 individuals throughout mountain highlands were first penerrated by DeSoto in 1540, the question of access was of paramount importance in the development of the Southern Appalachians. The native culture, tied to the land and her offerings, was rapidly overrun by the streams of white-skinned senlers that moved m along the major Indian trails through the Shenandoah Valley and from the Atlantic Tidewater area, widening the trails into roads as they went so that others could more easily follow. The first small communities sprang up along the river valleys and larger coves of the Watauga, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee watersheds. Although few and far between, their presence was marki:d by the agrarian need for cleared land. The bottomlands and wetlands were cleared or drained first, and then trees were felled on the side slopes to make room for more fields and pastures. As the first settlements became towns, the clearings spread deeper into the mountains following small and muddy roads that wound along the river and stream tributaries. These first settlers lived largely off the land, much in the manner of their native predecessors. Like the Indians '" before them, the white settlers annually burned off the forest floor. However, because of their greater numbers, this had a much greater effect on the forest than it ever had before. Even so, until the end of the 19th century most of the mountain highlands remained an impenetrable wilderness. Daunted by the richness of the New World, the Europeans regarded the productive capacity of the land as limitless, leading them to farm ard hunt carelessly and without regard for (/) 0 Q) (/) c: £ (II :c £ c: u c: 0 ~ (/) c .~ .D llS llS ·- .c: £ c: llS ns- E ig_ :E ~ OE Q) Q) u..S c: !:I Q) 0 ~CJ) as .!!! 'O ig_ .E a. Q) <( ~E 0 Q) .... .c: ~ 15 -·0 0 0 (/) c: (/) ~ c: e .a ~::; ·- 0 > Q) Q) ~ c: 0 (/) "(ij c: ::> CD "O 0 "O 0 E c: c: CD E (/) <II ~ ·c: I tl ::> E E (II c: 8 0 (.) c: c: llS QI QI ·o :e !:I a. e ::> w (/) ~ u: 0 m 0 0 0 N" .- ::> c: 0 .... M ID oo oo oo N"o C\I 1540 '° - 1650 .- HUMAN POPULATION OF KATUAH PROVINCE~ 1700 1725 1750 1760 (') ..... 1790 1800 1810 CD "'E • a. co .Q Ma> ~~ --o ~g llS c: CV QI I- a. c;o ..!- -~ I- iii 0 ID .,; .c: (/) u: 0 0 0 -'- llS en .0 C\I CD .... 1820 1830 1840 Summer, 1990 �also arrived on the rails, and sanitariums and luxury hotels offered all !he comfons a ~ and ailing flaLlandcr could desire. Commerce was the primary reason for pushing through the railroads, and in the Soulhem Appalachian region, commcrce meant timber. Large tracts of land, often 30,000-200,000 acres in size, were opened up to exploitation and soon surrendered their bounty. Temporary company towns were built at the base of major watersheds and railroad lines extended into the highest coves. The early timber barons were industrialists, not foresters, and !hey neither knew nor cared about the ideals of sustained timber yields and forest regeneration. Their the future. Because they were completely ignorant of ecological balances, they exterminated game species of animals and birds and slaughtered the native predators so that their domestic livestock could free-range in the woodlands. Hogs and turkeys were particularly well-adapted to the forest environment and thrived on the fall mast provided each yea.r. Once fattened, these were gathered into large "droves" and walked along the "drovers' roads" to markets in the piedmont. Mountaineers also traditionally foraged for medicinal roots in the forest. As commercial demand for these natural remedies began to grow, medicinal roots became a prime baner item in town and at the crossroad country stores. As wagonloads of ginseng and other potent roots and herbs began to roll down the twisting mountain roads to the eastern ciries, the rate of trade began to threaten the survival of ginseng and other herbaceous forest plants. The Industrial Era Grinding mills and small saw mills were the height of industrial production in the highlands until the mid-1800's. The baner system was the usual means of exchange. The US Census estimated the population in the 18 western counties of North Carolina at 200,000 in 1890. The lifestyle was still based primarily on subsistence agriculture, hunting, and foraging. However. in 1880. the first train into the mountains pulled into Asheville, and the Southern Appalachians were changed forever. The railroads represented a new degree of access. and they brought exponential population growth, absentee land ownership, and industrial commerce. The population of the city of Asheville (which today is only somewhat greater than 65,000 people) mushroomed from 2,000 in 1880 to more than 10,000 by 1890. Tourism rainfall. and severe flooding occum:d in J896. 1901, and 1909, and periodically into cbe 1940's. A mountain native, the Reverend A.E. Brown provided first-hand insight in an interview in lheManufacruru's Record in 1910: "•.. these mountains were full of sparkling brooks and creeks which required a rwo or three week rain to make them muddy; today a few hours of rain will muddy them.... Many of the mountain streams are dry throughout the summer and fall, while in winter. the waters descend in torrents and do vast damage rendering wonhless the bottom lands... The sides of mountains have been denuded of their topsoil and bottom lands h~ve been overflowed and swept away ... Shonly after the end of World War 1, most of the timber barons had rom up their tracks and moved on to the Pacific Northwest. By 1930 only a few companies, such as Champion Corporation, were left. In the wake of the timber rush, and at the onset of the nation's worst drought and the chestnut blight, litLle was left for human or beast: T he Present-day Forest or (What You See Is W hat ls Leh ) mastery of the new steam technology gave them access to the most remote reaches of the mountain forest, and the destruction they wrought there was unprecedented. The damage to the species composition of the forest was irrevocable, as was the damage to the soil. By the early I930's 80 percent of the mountain landscape had been burned over. Lmle was left to shield the soil from the area's high levels of Between the 1940's and the 1960's the population growth of the Kaufah province slowed. The mountain binhrate remained high. as it had in the past, but many young folks left the mountains to find wage work in the cities of the cast and the midwest. The bumpy roads offered a way out of the mountains to seek the American Dream. During the l 960's and the l 970's, however, a change took place. The isolation of the "backward" Appalachians began to look appealing to flatlanders sick of noise, crowds, and pollution. and perhaps sick at hean at the (conanuod on page 32) iii E Q) ::: 0 I'll 0. E I'll (J c oE -;:; 0 0. c (/) c ' iij c ::J 28(ii .!Q Q) 0 0 '0-o (J c c E ·- I'll Cl> li Q) e := u; ~ <ti.":!' Q) E 5 OI .!: c 5 ~ .,,. .,,. !::. I- :.: 'O >U Q) ;C :l - (il c: E E 0 0 Ci> D (/) I'll al _g 'iij a: C3 -c <D 0 )( 'E (J 0 ,g (/) CX) > Q) ~ N <O R CX) Ill ~ § >• E ~ '" E m l'lloE 0 'O Q) > 0 ~~ Ci> u CD a.!~ I.I) (/) 0 N N 0 ~ (!) ,... It) C') O> CT> 0 N <O N N - M ~ O> N CT> M a> C') It) <O 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 Summer, 1990 t: "O 0 r.l <D:: "O '- · .£) c ~ >- 0 " I'll ~~~ a. .... .c ~ - Cl "0(5 - E 0 .c 00 .,,. . N '8 25 >- Q) .... (Jc Cl> Q) ..... O> u 00 0 N O> N ,__ 1900 .,,. <O <O O> ..... a> co ..... It) It) N C') .,,. .,,. en M M It) Cl) Cl) co O> ..... ..... 1910 1920 1930 1940 0 00 It) C') M c - CX) ff) ..... . <O ..... N ~ ... 1950 1960 ,... 1970 1980 �When we design our human systems, we need to assure that we are not disrupting this flow of life, which is integral to our own llie. .. .: ..... . ....... '' ,··..... ,,._., .. • . . ··. . • "' • ~ =:::. ·~ • ~ ~ • . . .. . ,,,· .. ,... ~···.· . ·· ~./. . ·.. ....~•..~,{...:....: ·,;. ,,,,,-··:··.....---··-,·. :: • • .i• •• ·~: :,, _./ .;.:. , /, , , ... , -.... ,.,,,,,,., , _,,.,,,.-. - . ,. ••• • / , Designing with the Whole Life Community in Mind by Mamie Muller The solely human<cntercd approach to design in which the environment acts as in.1mmate baclcdrop lo human activity is n9 longcr possible. It has resulted in disruption of the wider life community of the planet and has begun threatening our entire biological life support systt>m. We in this Euro-culture .ire finally beginning to realize that we al"t' of the Earth. Advances in tht' scit'nccs are bringing to us the information th;it we arc literally in the planet not on it and that our human activities are intimately interwoven with the water cycle, tht' air cycle. the carbon cycle. We al"t' beginning to rcahz.c that the way we form our :.culcmcnts, our transportation routes, our commt'l're, and other hum.in functions not only affect hu1rJ1n culture, but the whole ecological community of which we arc a part. At present. our contemporary capacity for accclerallon and cxpont•ntiali1..:ition has brought the question of human impact on the natural world out ol the rc:ilm of "a ni<e thing tu consid(·r· in dl'Slgn and placed it squarely in front of u~. asa qul'Stlon 0f sur11h•al. Yet, our ability to rL'-<.'Onstcllate our human systems m response to dirL'Ct fceclti.1ck falls short o{ what is required. One consideration In understanding this dih:mma ts to rcJlize that wens n culture may not be fu/111 ugzstering the fccdb:lck wc arc n.'« 1vmg as to the dcllllstation of the planC't. The mformatton coming in m.1y be octually outpaang our oomprchtns1.0n of 11. It may also be th.it our perimeter& of rcahty have become so limited that we arc not fully "hearing" the natural world ~peak to us about this cruoal information. Our insular patterning of urbamzat1on. including concrete pathways, processed nutrihon, and televised m1lity m;iy bi! blocking us from this information. We may simply be recording ~·hatcver is coming in a5 "noise" or "static" and may not, in fact, be fully not1dng the drasllc d1m1rushmcnt in quality of life. What now-Those of us who arc catching ghmmcrs of the vibrant, !unctioofng life communuy that surrounds us and co-exists with us need to revive our capacities to sec, hear, taste, fccl ...beyond the "broadcast1xr Kati'mh Jou!nnL PC19C 11 boundaries of the rontcmporary world. We need to discern what is supcrfioal to our hfe support system and what is elemental We ncecl to Ix-gin insisting on design models that describe to us the full reality of our situation-both human as well as IX'Ological. In our modclhng, we nl'cd to ac:knowlcdge natural boundarit'S, not ju5t human-m.1dc boundancs, and to lillc.c into full account ecological systems suc:h as watersheds, wind patterns, gcologiCll formations, etc. Our models ncecl to incorporate ecological prindpf('!; such as entropy, renewal, biological exch.1nge, canying cap.1dty, and appropriate scale in an integral way We ncecl 10 be factonng m rra/ costs o( projects not just the "set prices-. Rc.11 costs include environmental considerations, hc.ilth considerations, as well as cumulahw affects and long·tenn conscqut'n<X?S. A primary asp<>Ct of th<.> ecological modd is oni:? of orculatio11. The cll'$1gn of hum11n routes needs to be done in the context of other kinds of routes and patterns of orculation. The water cycle, the air currents. (even the Eiirth m ll5 orbit, and the moon in us orb1t)".all circulate and h.wc a tX'aring on each othl.'r. /II ignition routes or animals; routes of :5(.'(.<ds m the wind, pathways or the sand-sharing dune s~k'ltl; animal route:, for Bl"CCSS to water, tocxl, and for returrung to br<"Cdmg grounds; routes of bees p(lllin.-iung flowers, etc. arc all ilspc<"ts of the ctmil:itory p.ittcm of thl' \\id~ Life community. Human route~ arc ill tht context of thb symphony of movement. In this culture we tend to think ufthc farth nsa "noun·, but in act1L1hty, a grt'at deal of Earth functions as "verb" And our models need to reflect that. \\'hen we clcsign our human systtms, we need to as~mrc that we arc not disrupting this flow oi hfe, v;hich is mtt'gt'al to our own life. lntercstmgly, with our culture's sencral overall design promoting cxcc:;sivc mobility. our chihzatlon is bl'\."Omlng "verb" as well, whether we like 11 or not. Our nc:ccss to work, school, social ach\~tics, and so forth requires th.it we "circubtc". The fact is that many of us arc conung to "dwdl" m our automobiles as well as our homes. Poor or non-existent urban planning as Summitr, t 99!1 �well as other physical and psychological factors have created forced mobility and diminished the quality of life not only of humans but also the rest of the Ufe community. When conditions reach such proportlons as they have now, in tenns of the welfare of the planet as well as that of humans and its other inhabitants, what is required in our modelling and our problem-solving? In order to develop comprehensive models, we need to be in touch with what values we want to nurture as a culture. No culture is value-free. Form informs. The forms that we craft to encompass and facilitate our human activities inform and shape us at every tum. Form reflects values whether we itttenlionally ascribe to them or nol IL is important that we bring into consciousness the values we want to nurture and let them become an integral aspect of our d1?Sign of human systems. It is essential to understand what is elemental to the life support system and what is superficial. We need in a public way to acknowledge our community priorities and encourage policy-making and incentives to support these priorities. We also need to develop comprehensive indicators for ecological health. In this culture we tend to think of the Earth as a "noun"... but in actuality, a great deal of Earth functions as "verb". Also in our modelling. it is essential that we employ more than 1ust linear logic. Linear logic gives us solutions such as "add a lane"' to deal with population increase and the rise in motor vehicles on the highways. Relying on this kind of logic, we end up with the solution of "44 lanes of interstate traffic". Multi-dimensional logic is required. logic which encompasses questions of scale, cumulative effects, appropriate use, multi-level interplay of factors, etc. And logic is only D7U! facet of our neurophysiological capacity for perception and problem-solving. We have available to us whole ranges of perception and creative interplay for interacting with the Life community in which we live. We have the capacity for in-depth perception and imaginative reflection as to how our human designs would interact with and affect the whole...both spatiallyI physically, developmentally, and psychically. We have the capacity to kinesthetically perceive rhythms as well as the disruption of rhythms, and we have the imagination to envision restoration. Design can serve to obfuscate or reveal the natural world to us. It can heighten or reduce our capacity to synchronize with other life rhythms besides our own. A culture can actually design for symbiosis, CXH>peration, mtegratton, and inclusion with the wider ecological Ufe community. What is important in design is the reliance on fresh, attentive perception regarding the nature of our multi-dimensional reality rooted in the natural world. This is a pivotal time in our planers history. We have the capacity to witness whole ecological systems at work and to design our human systems to comprehensively interlace with these wider processes. It is up to us to renew our inherent capacity to "'listen" to the natural world...and to act in concert with it. Only when we let its full reality be present to every aspect of our senses are we capable of designing for our own well-being in' relation to the rest of the Life community. This paper was part of a presentation by Thomas Berry and Marnie Muller at the Third Biennial International Linear P11rks Conference held in Asheville, North Carolina, Katuah Prouinct, ~ ~t~ ~ Steady State The Economics of 'Biophysical Equilibrium and Moral Growth by Jim Houser "Ecology means the study (-logy) of the home (eco-), while economics means the management (-nomy) of the home. Accordingly, economics is merely a branch, or discipline, of the larger study of ecology." The coming of Spring makes me realize the KatUah region is quite probably one of the last few paradises left on Earth. Perhaps, it is one of the few places on Earth that have ever been paradise (or as close as we on an earthly plane can get). Whatever the case may be, it is undoubtedly a paradise now. The air feels clean to the lungs. It is crisp and soothing. and fills one with a strength and a sen~ of well being. The wat<.'r Is abundant and clean, making the soil rich and fruitful. The flowers bloom everywhere in the Spring; a wild panorama of colors and sublime beauty which I don"t quite understand why we deserve. But then 1 realize that we don't "deserve" it. It is just here, and so arc we. It ts part of us, and we are part of ll There is no question of whether or not we deserve it, we are simply here. The question 1s whether we can hve on this land "'lthout ncccssanly destroying it. As Wendell Berry says in the Gift of Co()J Land, To live we must daily break the body and shed th!! blood of creation. When we do this loVlngly, skillfully, reverently, it is a sacrament. When we do it ignorantly, grccd.ily, clumsily, destructively, ii is a desecrallon. ln such dcsccration we condemn ourselv1:s to spintual and moral lon<?hness, and others to want. There is a new group of C<"onomists who decry the lack of moral and c!thical judgements in modem economics and cite this ddicicncy as one of the reasons for our current economic: and ecological d~tenoration. They arc led by Herman E. Daly, an economics professor presently employed in the envtronmcntaJ section of the World &nk. S"'mmcr, 1990 Daly maintains that modem economic thoory docs not concern itself with ultimate endS- The standard textbook definition of economics states that it is "the study of the allocation of scarce means among competing ends, where the object of the allocation 1s the maximization of those ends." But modem economic scsence has taken on the guise of an exact science, like physics, and has, accordingly, made itself devoid of ethical questions, focusing all of their attention on what Daly refers to as Intermediate Ends, hke food, warmth, and education. Jn current economic thinking, success is attained by achieving these goats, regardless of the means employed, whether they be a tolilhtarian state, environmental degradation, or destruction of life. Daly likes to point out, however, that economitS began as a branch of moral philosophy. T.R. Malthus m htS classic work the Pnnriples of Politiazl Economy wrote, "Political Economy bears a nearer resemblance to the soence of morals and politics than to that of mathematics." For the early economists like Adam Smith, who wrote Tht Thtory of Moml Sentiments, the most important test of economic institutions was thcir effect on moral character. For economists to cut themselves off from knowlcdgt' obtainC'd through introspc-chon 1s a perversion of their dlidpline. What has happened as a result is that economists have li\'ed up to the observation of Oscar Wilde who pointed out that "an economist i5 a man <sic> who knows the pnce of everything and the value of nothing". In h1> three books, Strady-State Economics; Economics, Ecology, Ethics: Essnys on iz Sltady State Economy (which he edited); and For tht Common Good, wnttcn with theologian John Cobb, Daty attempts to bring economists, and everyone else, back to a realm where they can (ClOllllnll<d on ncitt pegc) Ju.u.\+nh Journ~ ptUJC IS �(oonlinued &om page IS) discern the true value of things. He calls this realm the "steady-state economy;" an economy consciously directed according to the laws of ecology, as all economies should be, since ecology 1s the basis for understanding the conditions under which economics and humanity must function. Ecology means the study (-logy) of the home Ceco-), while economics means the management (-nomy) of the home. Accordingly, economics is merely a branch, or discipline, of the h1rger study of ecology. Orthodox economists do not realize this, says Daly. He cites the futility of considering a rise in the Gross National Product (GNP) as an indicator of a healthy society. Obviously, any theory which espouses unlimited growth in a finite biosphere 1s absurd. Modem economists get around this by claiming that GNP is a measure of value. while ignoring the physical aspects of this value. As Daly points out, the fact that wealth is measured in value units (dollars) docs not negate its physical dimensions. We could place a higher and higher value on anything for an infinite length of time, but the actual supply of any material is clearly finite. To give raw materials "value" we must use energy, and, according to the second law of thermodynamics, that total pool of energy 1s always decreasing. As Daly points out in Stcady-Stalt Eco1wmics, Daly calls the flow of production and consumption "throughput." "Steady-state" implies equilibrium, in which the rate of inflow is equal to the rate of outflow. A balanced rate of throughput is the key to maintaining the equilibrium or the "constant stock," (the life support capability of the natural world). Daly uses the analogy of a lake to make this point clear. In order to maintain the level of a lake, the amount of water flowing into the lake must be the same as the amount flowing out. Ir more water flows out than nows in, the lake would eventually dry up. A constant water level can be maintained with either a high or low rate of flow. However, a high rate of flow runs a great amount of water through very quickly. Daly points that at the present time our rate or throughput should be as low as possible, so we at the same time conserve our resoun:es and minimize the amount of refuse. M<?asuring our economy by GNP encourages mmumization of the throughput flow. 'A'hile the human household has been rapidly grow;ng. the environment of which it is a part has steadfastly remained constant in its quantitative dimensions. Its size has not increased, nor have the natural rates of circulation of the basic biog<.'<X:hcmic;il cycles that man e>.ploits. As more people transform more raw materials per person into rommodihcs, we experience higher rates of depletion; as more people transform more commodities into waste, we experience higher rates of pollution. We devote more effort and resources to mining poorer mineral deposits and to deaning up increased pollution, and then we count many of these extra expenses as an increase in GNP and congratulate ourselves on the exlTa growth! Thus GNP can increase every year without ever indicating a decay of the ecological u nderpinning of the production system. That ultima tely, is the main point: by overproducing we destroy our production capability. Daly likens the steady-state economy to a mature ecosystem. A young ecosystem, like a newly growing forest, emphasizes production, growth, and quantity (high production efficiency). A mature ecosystem, such as a climax rorest, emphasizes protection, stability, and quahty (high maintenance efficiency). Daly claims that we have reached the mature stage of our system and we need to emphasize quality over quantity, maintenance over production, or otherwise, as we see happening today, we will bury our life-sustaining ecosystem under a pile or our own garbage. He insists that the flows of production and consumption must be minimized instead of maximized as they are in the infinite growth economy. This docs not imply, however, that Daly is advocating stagnation or regression of human society. It 1s a grave mistake to consider a constantly rising GNP as the mark of an advancing culture. As John Stuart Mill said, It is scarcely necessary to remark that a stationary condition of capital and population imphcs no stationary state o f human improvement, there would be as much scope as ever for all kinds of mental, cultural and moral and social progress, as much room for improving the art or living and much more likelihood of it being improved when minds cease to be engrossed by the art of getting on. ln the steady-state economy the central concept must be the stock of wealth (people and capital, in its widest definition which includes natural resources and processes), rather than the flow of income and consumption, as wealth is defined at present. rn reality, the entire concept of generating income is an illusion. Humans cannot "generate income", we can only take what is here. The key is to not use up the life energy a t a rate raster than nature can regenerate it. Obviously, we are not following that principle. In the case of fossil fo<?ls, as E.F. Schumacher points out in Small Is Beautiful, we continue to treat an ever-scarcer resource as income rather than capital. Ecologically, we a re burning our "business capital" even as we proclaim the health or our "business." I. One of the bases of a low throughput economy is a greater durability or goods, which applies not only to how long they last, but also to how easy it is to put them to another use (recycle). Our current economic system encourages planned obsolcsccnC!!, since we have to maintain a constant market for our ever-increasing production (which led to the downfall of Detroit). A low rat<l of capital throughput also means that we would spend less time on production and create more leisure time. Under our current economic system, we rear decreased production and leisure lime, because that would mean people are out or work. Timc-int<?nsive activities like rricndship, care of the elderly and children, meditation and reO<?ction, are sacrificed in favor of commodity-intensive activities. Hence, we ha,•c the Shopping Mall as the social center of the 90's (have run, meet people, L.lkc the kids, and CONSUME), rather than social centers which promote and help strengthen community and family values. The steady stat(! economy also implies a low throughput rate for population (the other component of the total stock), which would me>an a balanced birth and death rate, and a long life expectancy. Our society docs not seem to recognize that an ever-growing rote> of per capita consumption for an ever-growing population is impossible. A steady population depleting resources and creating pollution at a slow rate is the ideal. The limits regarding what rates of depiction and pollution are tolerable would be derived from our understanding of ecology. These limits address the question of how many people can live in an area and still maintain paradise. The question is: at which point or human population does the desecration of creation become unavoidable? This limit is the "carrying capacity" of an ecosystem. It has been demonstrated that when a population significantly exceeds the carrying potential or its ecosystem, there then results a sudden die-off within that population. So we need to reach an optimum population based on the carrying capacity of our biosphere. My suggestion Is to do away with the GNP and substitute a CNP {Qlrryi~ fotcntial) as the true measure of our economies success. CNP reflects the needs which Daly says our economic indicators need to monitor. Rather than measuring growth Ilk<! the GNP, the goal for the CNP would would be to maintain the population;CNP ratio at one. In other words, H the goal is to maximize our population while preserving ecological integrity, t he ideal would be to keep the population as close to the determined carrying potential as possible. (connnucd on page 29) .. . )(.Qtuah Jourrml. J>"ge 16 .. \' ... ~ -- Summer, 1990 �Hoedad I throw my hoedad into sandy loam, thinking of my children's children as I bend to plant a tree. I throw my hoedad into a rock and experience more fully the pain in the swollen joints of my right hand. I throw my hoedad again and again and again and again and again in the strange and savage dancing of the mad treeplanter leaving lines of pines across the hills of Tennessee Eagerly i press my taproot firm into dark moist slit gumbo, sand, rock, and churt duff or dust or just plain dirt Slam Barn Cram and jam I throw my hoedad, stomp and scram. I grit my teeth and throw my hoedad and place a wimpy little pine tree in what was recently a hardwood forest. Covering a little piece of grid and a bureaucrats ass for him. Making sure there will be cellulose for adult pampers for aging baby boomers. I throw my hoedad, pull back on the handle and am brought to my senses by the powerful brown smell of wild ginger and Here i am on this Sunlit mountain in the early Spring I throw my hoedad and pray the people will re member Earth I plant a tree and p ray that We will all remember. Will Ashe Bason Slimmer-, 1990 Compost I'm composting my past empty rinds of just deserts broken shells of old barriers the coffee grind I'm composting my passed bullshit raps and chickenshit fears 111 throw them to the microbes let lhem bum a little quicker and hotter in the flame of living and dying. Fork it all, i'm chunking funky pumpkin headed notions on the pile and turning over a new leaf mold. Leaving my leftovers. I'm composting my past. Free carbon now! break down all cellulose walls. I'm not for getting it i 'm just for letting it rot and when it's cool and dark and doesn't even stink, i'll shovel it up and use it in my garden. I'll grow roses and rootabagas in re memberance that Here i come, back again. Will Ashe Bason �I 1).)1 I D~gn IJltd calligraphy l1y Marnie Muller �• l ' I �(l'bcseare !he words ofa traditional Olerolcco medicine person.) Archaeologists estimate that the Cherokees first migrared into the Southern Appalachians 6,000 years ago. They figured this by carbon-dating potrcry that they found at the Old Echota village. The poucry was tempered in the southern way, but it was lroquoian in design. That showed that it was Cherokee. The Cherokee have lived here for a very long time. Our population was always expanding. but very slowly. It was told to me that there were about 50,000 Cherokee when de Soto came through. If the white people had waited 200 years to make it over here, they would have had to deal with just two lribcs in the east, the Cherokee and the Iroquois. I think the people's effons to limit their population were quite conscious. We weren't troubled by plagues, and life expectancy was better than that of the white people when they fLCSt came here. The Cherokee chief Junaluska, for example, was way up in his nineties when he died. We were a healthier people than we are now. If children got past their first three or four years, they generally lived to an old age. There were several methods of birth control. Dodder is a commonly-seen fungus. It grows in long, yellow strings and wraps itself around other plants, because it's parasitic. As a contraceptive, it was given to men. When it worked. it worked; but it wasn't that dependable. I wouldn't trust it. But they probably had more faith than I do. There was another method. When a woman had .a baby and the man took away the afterbinh, he would cross one ridge for every year he didn't want to have another child before he buried it But l wouldn't trust that either. Thar's why it wouldn't work for me. Magic comes when all doubt is cleared from the mind. They had no sex when the women were in the moon lodge (during their menstrual period), and a man would always fast from sex before hunting and war. Those things helped. Every time people were involved in a spirirual ceremony, they would fast from sex for three days before. Young people got married any time after puberty. Girls could get married after their first menstrual period. And they didn't wait long. But I think that attirude made a difference. The native people didn't have all the sexual taboos that arc a part of the white culture: that sex is wrong, diny, evil and bad, and that a person has to have a piece of paper and a preacher to do it. The native people had a different attitude about sex. And I think that made a difference in child-bearing as well It seems that people who were closer to the Eanh had natural population contr0ls. Their populations always seemed to hold steady. That usually hinged on food availability, but a.round here food wasn't a very good control. The people grew crops, and there was a lot of game and wild foods in the woods, like berries and chestnuts. OC course they still encountered hard times when their crops were short and there was no game. There could be late floods lhat would wash out the com, or a late frost would kill a lot of the acorns, or it would be dry when the chestnuts were supposed to blossom. Such things would happen. Times like that would trim off some of the marginal people, some of the old people and some of the babies. The people had a different attitude about death back then, too. They accepted it when it came. They didn't cry to hang on to life or to people they were close to. When it was your time to go, it was your time to go. In our tradition it was said that the spirit wasn't fixed in a child until it was three or four years old, and no one was surprised when a young child died or an old person died. The clan system was an important pan of our culture. There were seven clans in the tribe, and there were strict sexual taboos about marrying within the clan. I was told by my grandfather that the tribe had capital punishment for two. n:asons, and incest was one of them. 1!1cest meant marrying anybody within your clan. Clan members were your kin. You could travel to a small village 300 miles away, and even if you'd never been there and none of your people had ever been there, if there was one family of your clan there, you would be taken care of. Tho~c peopl.e would not be biologically related to you, but they would take you m ~ thell" family and treat you like family. But you sure couldn't mess around with one of the girls. That would be like fooling aroun~ with your cousin. ~d ~ou had no desire to ... well, maybe you had a passing moment, bur you d think about that capital punishment and said, "Naaah." The clan system didn't slow anybody down from getting married, but it did keep everybody's genes spread our, so thar people could live in small groups without becoming inbred. It made possible a smaller gene pool. The people had different ideas about technology, too. It's like my grandfather said, "We knew about the wheel, but if you make a wheel, the n you have to make a road. If you make a road, then you have to build bridges and keep it all up. So why bother to put yourself to all that trouble?" He would always make that remark to me when I would tell him Lha t one of the white people's justifications was that "we never used the land." He was amazed by that. He was always quite upset about that, because the native people used the land as much as the white people did, but they used it in a different way. They left much less of a mark on it. But the white people thought that the land was not being used unless it was used with the attitude that it was for the humans, instead of seeing the humans as being a part of it. We did slash and burn agriculture. We would use a stretch of bottomland until it was poor, and the com wouldn't grow big anymore, then we would move down the river to another patch of river cane, bum it, and live there. Meanwhile, the first cane patch would grow up, and in a few years we'd move back to that fLCSt cane patch. This is how we used iL Passenger pigeons were part of our diet, and we'd eat as many as we wanted. Even so, when the white people came here flocks of passenge r pigeons still blackened the sky. We had bufffalo and elk and large animals like that in the mountains and they were plentiful, and we had what we needed. But we don't have any of those now. Today, if your com patch gives out, you can't just move dow_n the s river, because somebody else owns the land downstream. Now there 1 the concept of private property and so many more people. It's hard to explain about a culture with a "non-propeny attitude" toward the world. Trying to explain our attitudes toward dying, birth control, and population control is like crying to explain the fourth dimension in a three dimensional language. It's the same with the attitudes behind the taboos about not pissing, vomiting, shitting, or throwing your trash in the river. When I was a kid, going down the mountain roads I could sec outhouses on logs out over the branch. I'm pessimistic about the fate of the human race. It's hard to be an optimist when I sec that no one is willing to give up anything. Our future is going to require sacrifice. It used to be that people didn't sec themselves as creatures that were superior to narurc; they saw themselves as part of nature. To move evenly with everything was the ultimate goal of the Indian's personal growth spiritual and physical, and to be out of harmony meant that you weren't moving with everything. If you killed a deer, you said prayers and apologized. There was no hostility. It was no personal thing. If a bear killed you, it was the same way. The idea was to move in hannony with the planet instead of seeing it only as your personal resource or as an enemy that you had to conquer. Keeping the ceremonies was important to maintaining that relationship The ceremonies were a way to pull the community together, and they wer~ also a means of seeking hannony with the environment Summer, 1990 �{continued from page 6) KJ: Do you think zoning could be significant? GM: I! seems 10 have worked everywhere else it's been tried. Unfortunately the people here are notorious for opposing zoning as an option for limiting grow1h. Their general reaction is, "Don't tell me whal 10 do with my land," and that's where the argument ends. There is generally never any extended debate, and there is generally never any opponuni1y 10 consider voling in something like this. In areas of the country severely impacted by growth and development, people now recognize that ins1i1u1ing zoning is the only way that they are going 10 reduce growth to sane levels. Without zoning, everything is done in a hnphazard way, and industrial and commercial sites grow up next 10 housing. and so fonh. Florida is now making zoning mandatory in almost every community. Other states that have experienced large increases in population in the past now use zoning as an effective way to control development and to protect cnvironmencally sensitive areas. KJ: Another factor in 1he whole equation is loco! transportation. Being an essentially rural area, the mountains lead to a lot of vehicle traffic. GM: Yes, that is correct. This terrain does not lend itself to car-pooling or mass transit. because 1he population 1ends 10 be somewhat dispersed. There are rew easy-access, straight-line transpona1ion corridors, which means that mass tronsit is difficult tO SCI Up. KJ: On the other hand, 1hough, the s1eep terrain has made it difficult for industrial developmen1. GM: There is always going 10 be limited industrial development here, because the region just isn't favorable for thn1. In that sense our steep terrain is a saving grace. We might be ove~m by shopping malls or hamburger stands - we might be "Pigeon Forged" · but I don't think that we will be over-industrialized. KJ: But in 1erms of habitat destruction ... GM: ...Having second homes and malls is 1he same as having an industry. There will be continually more strip development, de-centralized shopping in all directions. KJ: As far as reacting to out-of-control growth and supporting maximum habitat in the mountains, what do you think people can do? GM: It is going 10 be dirticull to do anything abou1 it, because usually all the people in power arc growth boosters. My suggestion is, if people want 10 understand the dynamics of 1he politics in their area, they should look into the backgrounds of 1he Jl'Ople who hold public office. Check out the people on the water boards, on the sewer boards, and see if there are corporate or real es1a1e affiliations. Voters should look at the people on the town councils, on the county board of commissioners, see who lhey are, and ask about their environmental agendas before returning 14em to office. Summer, 1990 a The next thing people should do is to encourage people with views similar 10 their own 10 run for public office and then work hard to have them elected. lf people want to decrease the rate at which growth is tal<lng place in their area, they need to seat candidates representing lha1 viewpoint on the governing boards of the sewer districts or the water authorities {or the transportation depanment at the state level), so that biodiversity is a priority for those key agencies. At present virtually all the infrastruc1ure boards arc controlled by pro-growth people. Those people who want to expand this area's role as a sanctuary for biodiversity need 10 ge1 cracking politically a1 all levels, because right now their message isn't getting through. KJ: One of the reasons the message isn't gelling through politically is because people are thoroughly convinced that our economy is based on growth, and 1ha1 the success of our sylilem is Phoio by Rodney Webb measured by the amount of growth, rather than by water quality, clean air, and ample habitat for all species. What kind of opnons do we have in a situation like that? How can we change people's consciousness about ii? GM: In this coun1ry we do not have mnny good models of communities or regions that have a long history of no-growth development. So l guess 1he thing to do is to point out examples where communities - even entire regions - have ta.ken the "grow at all costs" direction and have ruined what were fonnerly nice places to live. Florida and Sou1hem Calirornia are examples of large regions lha1 once had exceptional qualities which were lost in a very short period of time. That is why Floriclians are now moving here, and Californians arc moving to Oregon and Washington. Tl all goes back to 1he whole mind-set tha1 says we have 10 keep growing, growing, and growing. Somehow people believe that growth is for everybody's good. Yet in thiny years people look back and ask, "What did T loser' The answer is, "You lost everything." "What did I gain?" "You gained one problem arteranother." Dr. Gary Miller has been director of the Environmental Smdies Program at U11iversil)' of North Carolina Asheville since the fall of 1983 Ar that rime the program had one majoring smdent; now it has almost 100. Miller holds a BS in biology. a masters degree in botany/zoology, and he received a doctorate in plant ecology from the Uni\'ersit)' ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill. For 15 years he lfred in New York State where he was primarily interested in research on vegetation in freshwater bodies. lie still spends his summer months exploring rlwtfield of research. lie and Ids wife have a daughter, who gradumed with a BS in biology from UNC-CJiapel Hill, and a son. who is majoring in biology and chemisrry in his last year at Chapel Hill. • lnttrvlew rtcordtd by Doi# \Vhttltr I \ �TRANSPORTERNATIVES By Patrick Clark NaturaJists Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and John Muir all knew the secre1 long ago. They saw the senselessness of going around in motorized vehicles, when the feet do just fine, thank you. Why spend time cooped up in a box on wheels when you could be our 1hcre gcuing around by foot, with the birds and fresh air, and getting good exercise? These words of Thoreau from Walden arc as true today as they ever have been: "We do not ride on the railroad, the railroad rides on us ....If we stay at home and mind our business who will want railroads....Why should we live with such hurry and wns1c in our life?" Automobiles give the illusion of being a fas1 means of cransporration, allowing users more free time. Yet after considering the time spent to finance, operate, and maintain an aiu?m~b~e (nor to mention time for building and mamtammg roads and traffic regulations), rhe automobile doesn't seem to get us anywhere any faster than our own two feet. The auto has been and is a needless waste of the environment and rhe human spirit, bur we've gouen ourselves into a fix. Our entire economical system is built upon fossil-powered transponation. Roads have desecrated the "land of the free". Noise. pollution. accidents, and vi~ual decadence (i.e. America's transponarion system) are woven into the fabric of American society. The need to get around will always exist, but perhaps our society travels more 1han is necessary. There arc ways to i;1ruc1ure our communities and lifestyles to eliminate much of the traveling we do. Where do we go? Work, s~hool, rhe sto~. library, movie. pany, dance, fnends house, Sierra Club meeting, conference. the beach. What 1f mosc of these destinations were closer in--lct's say biking di~tance. (The conferences and the beach would require either carpooling, public transponarion, or extended time off for bicycle touring). Roads would be narrow soips of concrete or gravel with flowers JC.awQ(~ Journa( pca«Je 22 and 1rces on either side, raking us through pleasant countryside and neighborhoods. No cars or ttucks roaring by with fumes and smoke. By slowing us down 10 a human-powered speed, self-propelled uansponation connects us to the Earth and 10 ourselves. It is a link to our past and could be an integral pan of our present. Grecnways (linear parks with hike/bike paths) are catching on all over the country. Hiking and biking paths arc being constructed to ger us all around the continent Today a person can walk the length of the Appalachian Mountains and beyond on the legendary Appalachian Trail. Throughout Karoah arc numerous n:crc.ational trails built and maintained by groups such as the Carolina Mountain Club, including the new Mountains to I.he Sea Trail (which has 260 continuous miles already completed). While the tourism industry is promoting aesthetic and recreational values in this area, roads arc still more numerous than is compatible with the forest Recreational walking is fine, but it is not going to stop the acid rain, noise poUution. and the habitat disruption/ destruction caused by the millions of vehicles driving through the Kanlah province each day, some of them 10 get to the hiking rrails. The bicycle is Jess impacting than most other forms of transportation on the environment. With it, one can get to places mostly unreachable without a car or a lot of rime. And yet bicycling is still slow enough for face to face human contact and cnjovmenr of birds, flowers, and sky. Costs· to the environment arc minimal and monetary expenses are a fraction of those needed to own and operate a car. So stress is lessened in more ways than one. Enlightened engineers are working on solar-powered vehicles. These will be great, and J'll be the first to invest in one, but the need will still exist for walking and biking. What can a person do 10 adopt a more self-propelled lifestyle right now while in transition to our bikeways/walkways society? Getting to work is one of rhe most imponant aspects of self-propelled rranspon· 0raWll1g by Rob Mcuick ation, because this is a trip most people take almost every day. There arc tricks to doing it right such as dressing for the weather, carrying items needed at work, and being presentable once you get there. But once in the habit, this commute is quite satisfying and relatively stress-free. I know bicycling works. ln metropolitan areas. people commute many miles by bicycle, contributing to clean air by reducing oil consumption and lessening traffic congestion. I joined them for awhile when t lived in Washington, DC, and biked eighteen miles round-trip through the Rock Creek Park Greenway. There I met people who decided cars were not for them. With sidebags and trailers, even families were getting around without difficulty. Some third world countries have never had auto-caused problems because bicycles have always been a necessity. Herc, bicycling can be more challenging. Bike paths haven't caught on much ye4 distances arc greater, roads arc narrower, the terrain is rugged. and !here are blind comers. Still, it can be done. We need to keep pushing for bicycle facilities and educate city planners and motorists. (Join your local bicycle club.) Recycling and organic vegetables and solar energy arc fine, but wi1hou1 sustainable transponation they will remain futile anempts a1 environmental restoration. Resources: Worldwatch Institute P.O.Box 6991 Syracuse, NY 13217 For information on the Bikcways Task Force. contaet Mary Helen Duke (Transponation Coordinator) Land of Sky Regional Council 25 Hentagc Drive k;heville, NC 28806 (704) 254-8131 The Bikcways Task Force needs volunteer help for a bike route mapping project and bikeways legislation. Summer, 1990 �IMAGINING THE END OF REAL ESTATE by Hectfilre P. Condeau There arc munncrs about, for those intuitive and sensitive enough to hear them, that our relationship with Biosphere as in need or profound reconsideration and even rc--invention. Many of our current attitudes about the Earth and its capacity to sustain life arc reflected in the continuing musty precepts or Feudal "tenants" and practices. By such methods land is to be held as property by those in power. It can be bought only at a price by those who h.:ive the means to pay olf others in power for the right to "own" the land. Military service is required by the "lords" of thl:' kingdom in order to protect its sovcreignty and to maintain obedience to the kingdom. If Feudalism ended with the creation or a declaration that stated "all people are created equal" why arc there still Landlords that relish in raising prices, Corporate Castles in far-off lands, and Kings of Business that wear crowns of excess profits on their heads while "vassals" must suffer through the best they can· with little opportunity to get past class structures designed and maintained by those unable 10 relinquish their grip or economic power over other people in human society? What is called for is the crcation of different value systems m mediating the relations within human societies, and particularly in how human societies rclate to the Biosphere. By maintaining systems of lnduslrial Oass (ie; capitalist or socialist) where money and resources are "bottlenecked" by the State, Corporations, or privileged classes, those who arc not involved with such 'elites· are often lert out of the primary decision-making or the society. Then a dangerous situation can develop in which there is a lack of communication in the society, and it becomes fragmented This fragmentation is easily transferred onto our relations with H~hit"'" •·thcr than our own, and the many forms or life that inhabit them; from bears to bugs to bacteria. What would be the consequences or human beings regarding the health or ecosystems other than their own as crucial to the viability of all life including its own? I think ii would mean th.it individual ownership of the land would come under intl'OSC scrutiny, and that for human beings to be able to "settle·· or live in a particular area they would have to be able to prove their worth as caretakers or 'friends' of the land. This would have to be done in the context of the inhabited region, and also in light of current awareness or lhe complex inter-relationships among many fonns or biota that make a region of the Earth what it is. Ultimately, It would mean that our basic models for economics, business, industry, and even our own day-to-dny existence would change from that of a rigid dominancc-<!ulogi%ing system of Real Estate, Development for the? sake of bloating growth, and Factories dispersing contaminants into vital air, water, soil, and biota or the planet. The models would change into Ecosystems· With multiply mixing long, medium, and short duration circulation patterns, or feedback luop~. 'These cycles moving through the Biosphere int~atc the ingestion, absorbtion, and excretion or various forms of chemical and radinnt energy from multiple Types or organisms and the solar wind. We exist in a complex array of feedback loops, within the region we co-mhab1t. The C5SCntlal inter-rclahonsh1p between organisms and l'nvironmcnts at various SCOJ'L'S of the Earth is the basis for a difforcnt kind ot undcrst.lncling than thl! prevailing ''bch.lve as though machines arc the only model of reality that matters" kind of athtude that we h.:ive been fed by the bulk of modem science. The emphasis now shifts from co~ntrating on lnch\;dual kinds or ~y~tcms thcmsch-~ to the energy or mrormatlon that is moving between many kinds of s~tcms. In this spirit let's focus on the relationship between human communities, institutions. neighborhood,, hou~holds, ramih(.'S, and indh'lduals in the context of the broader and more ecologically diwrsc Bion.'t;10ns they inhabit. In this century our emph.1sis ha~ been on the mtel\Slve "h.1rVC$ting" of energy in the forms of ruel, building materi.ils. rrunc-rals, foods, water, and other n.'-sourccs from the greah'r hfc community or the region. Our paras1uc tendencies as a spccics have ortC'n been ewer· looked because of ingr.11ncd habits through which "profit" ramcd m this way from ecological .1nd geological sources became 1 HE way to <'nsure that our families or communiues would survive. This was p.uUally due to a past of scarcity and harsh~s, and our relative 1Mbility to undcr:>tand and change the basic patterns of susta1n.1bihty in the planet. Now thb has changed, and so h.1s our rclallon with all other living beings. The lndustnal era with all its far reaching efrccb or cont.lminahon and 1labitat d~lruclion has paradoxically come around to face us with a ~ery mto our own values as a 'body" or humanity. The "power" put into mdu~~ 1s now showing a potential or rar Jess scarcity than previously c;xtsted m the ~lk'Cllve h_uman endeavor. Yet the "price" for being able to bve m some kmd or rdnllvc harmony with non· human Pabilats and have a Summer, 1990 ''THE IMPACT OF liUMANS IS NOW MATC\llMG 'fHAT Of ME.TEORS'' technology th.it is able to be efficient and does not drastically interfure with the basic morphology or health or a given rcg:on 1s this... We need to regulate our numbers because our impact is proving unsust.lmable not only for ourselves, but also in regard to the diversity of habitats around us which are the source or potential well bcmg for such complex creatures as mammals. The main predators we now have to worry about are Ourselves, colliding asteroids, volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, some micro-organisms and viruses, and our own industtatcd excreta such as bombs, plutonium, dioxin, and a plethora of other toxic chemistries cookcd from petroleum. Thus we ne«! to create ways of internalizing, with our minds and hearts, some fonn of species population limits. One question that comes to mind when thinking about the potential 'carrying capacity' or human beings in this Mountain Bioregion of l<atUah is: What arc we to do with thl! Feudal Legacy of economically unjust and environmentally unsound concepts and pmcticcs that have bcC'n accepted as the only way or "doing business" in the region? What if the "upper classes" can afford to buy land or houses and arc unable to make sound decii;ions about its destiny and the destiny of the people living there? Is there any real Sense to be found In a rash of second homes being built in an area where wages are low and there is homclcssne!.57 There will need to be some 50rt of sy~tcm of mediation and justice m working through the relations within the hum.1n community and th.lt o( the many communilic:. or lifo that su~tain the human community. This appears 10 be one of the great challengl'S to the pol(!ntial maturity of human beings Into a non-scl£ish role within the Biosphere. To ch.:inge our attitudes about the land around us from treating ii as a machine, deshned to be both our "raw fuel" and our scwl!r, to that of <'ClllogiC'al or inter-recycling modes, would change both our thinking and our everyday experience of how our hvcs can be organized. Ry slowing the overall flow of energy through our community systems~ maybe nblc to reduce some or the conlusro ambitiousness and ch.1os that 15 b«oming the norm for many people on the North American continent. We exert stress on biogrogr.:iph1cal cnvironmcntS around us by extracting too much from th('m and sluughing off too much of the energy we can't recycle onto them. This energy takc:; th•" forrn or i;asrous compounds :.uch as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and sul(cr dioxide exhau,;tmg from po\';L'f "plants" and automobiles. It ~1kcs the torrn of finite '\lrcams of once-US(' packaging around many "products" from foods to motor oil. It also takes the forrn of fluids such ns solvents. rCB's, dyes, and pcst1C1dcs.. Our 'work' now seems to be that of re-Inventing our technologies and the effect~ of our tcchnologi~ on the greater ecologies or the Earth, so that the rollccttve and personal force of our Impact can be reduced without continuing lo use "props" as ever more l'fl\1l'Onmcntally expensive energy slaves such n~ automobiles and coal burning power 'plants'. Who dcadcs what is environmentally appropriate and what ls not? Would it go to a Global type consensus, or would the people of each Biorcg1on be nblc to fine tune their practices in .1 :>pcctrum of specific areas from Humanlcss Preserves to concentrated human actil.-ity? (continued on ~ell) Cazto0n by Rob Messick JGntimh )ournci( pcuJe 23 l �REQUIEM FOR OAK RIDGE Nanni World News Service HOW BIG IS A LEGAL BEAR? Nanni WC>rld News Service More than 350 people jammed the bleachers 111 the Smoky Moun1111n High School in Sylva, NC in one of two bC<lliogs called by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) io hear opinions on a proposal lO raise the legal hunting limil for black bears 10 a weight of 100 poun~. Many oC those m the gym wen: bunters who wanted 10 keep the present 50 pound weight limit. but approx11na1ely 50 people aucnded the hearing In support of the higher limiL Unifonncd wildlife offiCCIS were slBtiOllCd a1 the enlr.lllCcs lO the hcanng. hnodtng out a s1:11emcnt by the s1a1e chap1cr of lhe Wildlife Socic1y. a biologisis' organiui1ion, lhat staled tha1 group's opposition 10 a higher weight limit, and a program printed for the even1 by the NCWRC that also contained a statement saying that such a change was incffcc1ivc, Biid lha1 habit.al was Ille primary factor in block. bear survival Several of !he speakers vehcmcn1ly sugges1ed 1hnt 1h1s acuon compromised the impaniali1y of Ille NCWRC 111 the hearing. Discussion at. the hearing wa~ heated, fueled mostly by dwigrcemcnt about the si1,c and statu~ of the bbck bc3r population. Proponent<; of 1hc higher weight lunit argued 1ha1 at the prcscm 1ime 1he black bc:it population was reproducing cilher just a1 or below the minimum lc\•cl ncces"'1ty for continued viabili1y. They s:iid that an occurring o:ik dcxlinc, atmospheric polluuon, and the advcn1 of Ille gypsy moll! "'ouJd put further pr~sure.~ on the black bear popul:11ion, p~urc.s 111:11 the bears could not ~usl3in . Raising the weight limi1, they said, would ulklw female bears more years m which 10 breed nnd odd lO the populauon Humers defended 1hcar ethics and pracu~ ;,ind S3id, "Besides, there'~ hclb of~ ou1 lhcrc.• h wns no1 ~urpnsang to those who attended the llC:ltlng tha1 one momh later the NCWRC voted ll-0 10 !'Clain the pound we1gh1 l11ni1 ror Ille black bear. Paul Gallamore of the Sou1hcm Ap113lachian Bl.lck Bear Federation. wh"h lud been a major force behind lhc we1gh1 change proposal, said, "This as d1scouragmg, however. considering 1hc runount or mpu1 1he commission rccch·cd. We know 1ha1 they go1 more than 1,000 lcu.ers m favor of r.usmg Ille hm1L" so Xatuaf1 Journat pn~ 24 11 was a damp dawn 1uming slowly into a mis1 y Sunday morning - Earth Day, 1990. Seventy mourners gathered and held hands in a circle at the ga1es of the Y-12 N11Clcar Weapons Componem Plllnt in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The sad strains of Moian's "Requiem• played in Ille background. "We begin Earth Day with a time of mourning for the Enr1h in O:ik Ridge. Beyond this fence. in these buildings, the brightest of human minds have overlooked Ille most profound and obvious iruth • that our place in creation is 10 be p3t1 of it. in rclntion.~hip 10 the Earth and all crcatwcs, and to care for Iha! which susuins us." the Rev. Ralph Huichison told the black-robed circle of friends with foces p:ain1ed whiic. "This morning we acknowledge that the rclmionship be1wcen humankind and lhc Earth is broken. Jn this pbce we have abused the Enrth from which all life comes-· twisting the gift of life into forces of death. In what was once the gentle f:itming communi1y of Whe:lt. we have beaten ploughs.hares into swords. Md we have lost our priorities.• Following the brief ceremony, a young maple tree was planted in front of the Y -12 sign. Ney Pinedo, a Pcruvirul Indian in 1hc United SUllllS raising support for the Amazon rain fores1, spoke "in Ille nnmc of 2,000 tribes" and gave a blessing 10 the sapling. "This is a symbol of life away from death." Pinedo said. REPRIEVE FOR ALARKA Nanni World News Service The NOrth Carolina Dcpar1mcn1 of Environmenllll f\.13nagcment (DEM) made a political compromise :ind decreed that the waters of Alarkn Creek arc no1 "Ouisl31\ding Resource Waters." as biological tesis show. but •High Quality Waters." a sligh1ly inferior classification. However. that ruling was still enough to hold off developers inicrc.~tcd in turning the well-known na1urnl area inio a golr resorL The developers decided not to citercisc their option IO buy the propcny. and Alarka is safe· temporarily. Opinion in lhc three counties coniiguous lO Ille property was mixed. At a public hcnrmg in Swam County in November of 1989 the reaction was overwhelmingly m favor of the dcvelopmenL Of the lcuers received by the DEM, however, I IS were for prolccting lhc crcclc, while 25 s1ood opposed. Two hundred and eighty-seven people signed petitions supponang proLCCtion and 195 signed agains1 ii. Most of !he opposition was cenlCted an Swain Coun1y, •vherc Ille Citizens Against Wilderness group has organized voters io oppose any fedcrnl or suic land protecuon programs. WHAT WOULD THE TREES SAY? N11un.J World NcwJ 5.,....., Two hundred acuvists from the soulllcasl and 01hcr regions across the conuncnt came ioge1hcr f\.by 2S-27 10 131k aboul S3\ ing Ille 1hrcatencd l'orcsts or this land. Tiic fifth · Nnuon:il Reform lhc ForeM Service Pow-wow" mc1 a1 Camp Green Co,·e an Tuxedo on 1he Green River in North Carolina. A maJOnl)' of 1he group agreed on a statcmcm called "The Green Cove Pl;itform" lha1 outlined wa~s to return native d1vers11y 10 1he fore.\! and create mccntivcs for a more ecological rcla1ionsh1p wuh na1ural forc.<llanch. Ned Frit1. of Texas. 3 leading elder in the movcmcni to resist clearcu1ting, :<p<>ke to 1hc conference :ind led discus.<aons. Jeff DcBonis, a founder of the Association of Focesl Service Employees for Environmental Ethics, which agiuuc.s for ecological forest practices from wilhin the Forest Service ranks, spoke about the sllltus and program of the AFSEEE organization. Dr. Roben Zahner, professor emeritus or forestry at Clemson University, outlined the steps necessary 1 0 restore the eastern old-growth forest; Walton Smilh , a retired forester and membeT of the Western Norlh Caroli na Alliance, spoke abou1 lhe system of uneven-aged forest management he has developed al his Waldce Forest in Macon County; and David Wheeler urged auendccs to approach forest Issues from an ecologically realistic rather than a politically •reatistic" standpoinL Bun Kornegay, a wilderness expedition leader lllld president or the Bartram Trail Socie1y. offered valuoblc insighis as he considered what Henry David Thoreau would think aboul today's environmental movcmena. Bill Oliver and Glen Waldeck rocked the house with their songs of Ille movement that were al once inspiring and emcrtaining. FREE THE FOREST! FREE THE BEARS! NAnnt World New1 Service In a daring daylighl raid, six nmja commandocs from the Earth Liberation Front (ELF). lhe Kaulilb chapicr of the group Enr1h Firs1!. rescued and released Smokey the Bear from the Nantahala-Pisgab National Forest hcadquan.c:rs in Asheville on April 17 The rescuer$ approached lhc building and rc1umcd with the Conner hosuge, who, when asked about his condi1ion, said, ·rn be alrigh1 when l get ou1 of these damn panis. • before 1clling of the horrors of captivity and Ille brainwaslung techniques used in a vain effort to erase his innntc mcmoTics of hfe in Ille wild. Not to leave the Forest Service wilhout 11 mascot, I.he group inuoduced the prcn to Stumpy, lhe paper mach€ stump. their cllJ'ldidatc to more accur.iicly rcprcscm Forest Service policies 10 the public at latge. As black-su11cd commandocs esconed Ille bear to safety, Ran,gcr Fred and Rangercltc Fredericka came on the scene, evidently io pacify the crowd and 10 1um the unscttling event to the advanlllge or the govcrnmcnL Ranger Fred fim gave a discourse on silvicultural economics for those present: "We in the Farce Circus manage the nauonal forests in a muUiphtudc of uses 10 maximize profiL Got a question? Keep 11 '1il Inter.· He then regaled the nudiem:e with folksy, friendly siones m the warm, caring manner of a Ir.lined publicisL "Some day you here arc gomg to take your young ones out inio the fonner forest slump communi1y, and you will be able to impress lhcm wnh your knowledge of woodslore. 'Now that over there; you can tell them, 'is a popl:ir siump. And over !here is a hemlock s1ump.' And they will listen for hours to en1cr1nining and educauonal stories abou1 our r1:11ional stumpland.• Jeff Smllh then re;id the "Ecological Manifesto for th~ Katliah Province" (5CC Kt11UJth Journal #26). which "'as complcicly ignored by 1hc media, who focused !hear coverage on the more frivolous pans of Ille action and tttillatcd their public w11h occnsional mention.~ of "trcc·~p1king" in relation to 1he ELF group. One month la1cr, on May 21 , in ano1hcr vain a1tempt to focus media aucntton on the ecological needs of 1hc fores1 hab1ta1, 1he ELF group and members of n new group, Rescue Rangers, returned 10 the Forest Services. Two members of Rescue Rangers, Da,·id Wheeler and Rodney Webb. posted copies of 1he "f:eologacal M;imfc~IO for the Kaufah Province• and !hen ch3incd themselves 10 the orricc doors, complc1cly blocking them for onc·h:!lf hour unul taken into cus1ody by federal marsh;ils. Dcmonslr:ltors on the sidewalk sang 3nd charalcd. Swmmcr. l 990 �"Stop the logging! Close lhe roads! The hardwood f~t has to grow!" as lhc two resistors were lllken away. "The US Forest Service has lost 11S mandate." Wheeler told lhe press. "It has shown itself incap:ible of caring for lhe forest lands entrusted IO 1L The ngcncy sees iL~ mission as representing human interests in lhe forests, rather lhan serving the ecological nctds of lhc forest 11.SClf.• The "Ecological Manifesto for lhc Ka1uah Province" calls for lhe public lands in the Southern Appalachians 10 be cons1i1u1ed as an evoluuonary preserve IO keep nauvc species from exunclion as a result of the present ecological crisis. All further logging and roadbu1lding would be prohibited in the evolu11onary preserve, and human use would have 10 confonn to 1he nctds of habitaL The program also calls on the people of the province to stop atmospheric pollution. 10 adapt their lifc.~1yles to fit within the carrying capacity of the rci;ion, and 10 cultivate an ou11udc of respect for the natural world. For their act of civil disobedience, Wheeler and Webb face 30 days in jail and a S50 line, and an additional S5,000 fine under a special government law. Cont.1CIS: Rescue Rangers Box 282 Sylva, NC 28779 Earth Liberation Front (ELF) Boit 171 Alexander, NC 28701 For copies of the "Ecological Manifesto for the Katunh Province," write 10: KmUahJournoJ Box 638 Leicester. NC 28748 CLEAR CUTTING: WAY TO GO? OR GO A WAY? RETURN OF THE RED WOLF MIDDLE CREEK FALLS Nanni World Ncwl SCl'licc Natural World News Service In March, I990 three pai~ or red wolves wen: released on the Tennessee side or the Gre:u Smoky MountaiM National Park. If this rein1todueuon IS suecc.~sful. n permanent population of SO 10 100 woh·es will roam this pan or the red wolf native hab1U11. Just over ten years ago lhc red wolf 11.·as extinct in the wild. Forty wolves along the Gulf coast were captured by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and placed ll1 captive breeding programs. Originally the program was at Point Defiance Zoological Park m Tacoma Washington, but it wa~ later expanded IO include six1ccn other facilities. By 1989 the populauon had grown 10 105 animals. However, it is only through reintroduction 10 a free eitis1ence that they can regain the vigor as a specie.~ that millcnia of evolution hnvc given them. The Fish and Wildlife Service released a drnf1 Red Wolf Recovery Plan in 1989. which aims al establishing a tollll populauon of 550 animals, v.•ilh 200 animals living m wild rar"s and other protceted areas. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park 1s considered a pnme inuoduclion site. By reintroducing the wolves 10 the Smokies it is hoped that the smaller coyote. which has migrated 10 the Smokies since 1985. will be driven out. This logic is somcwruu skewed, however, since the coyote, through the process of interbreeding, was considered one or the major thrcais 10 the small surviving population of red wolves on the Gulf coast. Why this phenomenon would not occur again is not uplained. If the first release proves successful. a second stage will be implemented in which twenty wolves will be released in the more remote areas or the the s17.000 ocro part. The last wild wolves in the Smokies were killed m 1910. A shy animal, the loner red wolf, which docs not hunt in packs. is absolutely no thrcal IO humans. The Middle Creek Falls lie n0t far from lhc rood between Scaly Mountain and the town of Otto in Mlcon County, NC, but not many h:ivc seen them. However. they arc well·known :ind wclf.Joved by those who ha"e clambered down 10 visit them. Since 1916 they have been public propc.ny as pan of the N:intahala National ForesL Now Dudley M:inning. a resourceful developer who has acquired property around the falls, wants lhcm for the crowning jewel and main selling poml for a residential development he is planning for the site. The US Forest Service h;is a practice called land-swapping, in which they publish 11 list Of private lands that they f.:el are stra1cg1cally important 10 the completion of the national forest, and offer 10 swap for these parcels with other Forest Service land of equal value but less Slrotegic imponance. Manning has bought 1wo parcels of land on the Forest Service swap list, one a 1.252 tract along the French Brood River m Madison County, and 1he other a 157 acre traet along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Jackson County. He is offering IO trade both these properties for the 665 acre~ comuinmg the Middle Creek Falls. Local people are upset. Jonathan William~. a writer and publisher from Highland~. t\C, says, "There :ire sacred phlccs here and there on the Earth, where a person can develop depth of feelings . and this is one of lhcm ... I want ii left alons. Change around these pans too often mcansrumation.· And Keith Day. a member or the Bartram Trail Society, has begun an active grassroots campaign on behalf of the falls. These people and their neighbors arc asking others lo write to Gary Benneu; lligblnnds Ranger District; RL 2, Box 385; Highland~. NC 2874 1 asking that the US Forest Service raise additional funds IO acquire necessary lands and not uade off beautiful scenic places like Middle Creek Falls. NATURAL WORLD NEWS continued p.26 Nalllral World News Service Three recent announcements by the US Forest Service give a comment on lhe agency's forest management policies. On April 23. the day after Earth Day, Forest Supervisor Bjorn Dahl announced 1ha1 as a part of the revised forest management plan for the Nantahaln-Pi.~gnh National Forcsis clearcutting would be dc-empllllsizcd as the Forest Service method of choice for timber cutting. He cited public opposiuon 10 the prac tice and instructions from Forest Service Chief Dale RoberlSon in his remand of the Nanlahala-Pisgoh I S-ycar management plan. "We can change, and we are changing." Dahl said. There is good reason for skepticism. Less than one month after this dcclaralion, 1he Forest Service announced anol.her timber sale, called the Bee Tree Sale. in the Pisgah National ForcsL E:o:ccp1 for a ~moll area close 10 a creek, the entire sale tract is to be clearcut and hauled out by cable-logging equipment, which L~ rc-.crved for work on steep slopes. Envtt0nmcnt.11is1S arc up in arms about the sale, and the We.stem North Carolina Alliance, which has led 1hc oppos11ion 10 c:lcarcutung in the mountain province, plans lO appeal the sale. The Forest Service made ilS own comment on its ctearcutting policies when it revealed that clcarcuuing 111 the Nation:il Forests in Nonh Carolina had cost lallpaycrs S2.64 million in bclow-cos11imbcr sales in 1989. The losses in the N:uuahala·Pisgah National ForcsL~ were grc:ucr th:m that, bealuse the Uwharrie l\'a1ion:1l l"orc~t in the piedmont area milk.cs a profit on its timber sales. Summer, 1990 b ~Limh Journm Pa1J"- 25 �(ocmlinucd &om pege 25) on them the invisible stress and reductJon in lifcsp:in continue to be a plague and consequence of our excessive human over- depe:ndancc on fossil fuels. rubber, and mined metals from far away places. From this we structure our socicocs, from this they may also become dcsUucl~ IT MUST HA VE BEEN THE ROSES Narural World News Sc"'ice Orawmgs by James Rhea EASTMAN CO.: WORLD-CLASS POLLUTER Nanni World News Savicc The Tennessee Eastman plant, ~dqWlltcn; and the largest production plant of the Eastman Chemical Corporation has been r:mkcd as the l(>p air polluter in Tennessee and 14th in the Uni1ed Swtes in a study recently released by the Environment.al Protection Agency and the cnvll'Onmental group Citizen Action. The Eastman plant rtlC.'.lSCs 40 million pounds of 1oxic chemical~ into the air each ye.v. 1l1e chemical ace1one makes up 80% of the annual COilie release. Kodak reported tnfornuuon nbout its polluung ncliv1ues in accordance wuh lcgist::uion en11llcd 1he Emergency Planning and Communi1y Right 10 Know Act. The Kodak plane employs 11,000 people and makes fibers, chemicals, and plas1ics. II has been caJlcd co cask bcf<>tt by cnvironmenlal groups who documented tha1 plant emucn1.s were also polluting the Holston River. CAN WE SA VE THE DEVIL '? NllUral World New. s~.,., On Marth 14th 1990, the TruSI for Public Lands (fPL) decided to purchase 828 acre.~ in Macon Count)' known locally as the Devil's Courthou;;e. which is loca1ed on the upper wa~ed of the Chattooga River. The Devil's Courthouse as composed of sheer granite cliffs which drop from the height~ of Whiteside Mounlain to the cove below. Al~o an this upper watershed 3.l'Ca of the Chatcooga River are =kb und a wnter fall named Silver Slapper. This upper aru of the river (five miles west of Cashiers, NC) ha.~ been thrcaccned by developcmem for some ume. The lower pas..<:;iges of the ChaltOOjµ are well known and tm1·elcd by river raftc~. who paddle and slosh throug)I what is dc•ignaled by the federal government as a "Wild and Scenic River." The US Forest Service attempted 10 acquire the lands 111 the upper water \hcd or the Ch:mooga earlier this yenr for inclusion in the Nantahala NatJonal Forest. Fund.~ for protecung this enllle wa1crshcd have not bocn fonhcomrng from Congress. The area has now become the cop priori1y land acqui~ition of the USFS. The Tru.<t for Public Land~ is encouraging the public to support Congressional fondrng necessary lO conscrvc thi5 viwl 11.-:ucrshod. By 5paring u from the ravages of the l'C$0rt Xatiuih Journa( pll!JC 26 market. perhaps its bcau1y and integrity can still be enjoyed by ooming generations. LIFE IN THE OZONE (revisited) Nanni World Ne~ Scrv""' Most of us do it every day: get in the car and drive to the store, or to work, or to drop off the kid~ somewhere. The effects or doing this are generally not apparent to our senses, except for perhaps the smell of exhaust or a p:lUl in the wallet when the car needs rcpall'. Bui the foct is that every tJme we ignite those flaming engines of au1omotive "progress" we create a brew of gasoous cxhnust thm ha~ far more effcet on the current atmosphere than we at first rcali1e. One of the gases created in the "ake of the.~ comb1m1ve cauldrons is ozone • a deep blue, explosive, poisonous, and pungent gas th:l1 exists as three combined oxygen atoms (OJ). The existence of 01.one in the outer "1rnle>5phcrc is essenual 10 screening excessive ultraviolet radintaon from the surface or the Eanh. Yet iL~ cooccntmuon m the inner atmosphere causes rcsparruory problems an mammals, and mh1b1ts the growth or sortwood trees and flowering plants. For human bcmg.s 11 is the elderly and the young that are the mOlil adversely affcclCd by life in the 01.one. 1lydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which are emitted from puttering cars and trucks. come into chemical rc~c:tion in the presence of sunlight and create these insidious tt1unc molecules. Cnrs and truck~ arc the primary source of o~one in these mountains. Summcmme can find us with levels of this molecule exceeding the 113tion.:il ~L:lndards of public health. A nauonal study mto the sources and effects of OlOne contam111a1ion wa.~ ordered ten year ago by the Congress or the United States. As the study nears completion, it has cost 5 million dollar~ and included over 1,000 sdcntJsts and engineers. Final rcpons on the 01one in the air of the inner atmosphere over western North Carolm3 are due later this year. What the rcpon found 1hus far 1s tha1 ozone 1s the worst form of air contammataon an the Katuah Province. Acid rain, a related problem, affects higher clevauons primanly, and according to James Mahoney 11 as the concentration of acid~ m wa1cr..hcd soils and forcsL~ at these elcvauon~ thJt i~ currcnuy causing the gn:.-ucst concern, The lower elevations have yet to show damage as seven:. Our strCCts and highways appear as s=t trac:ks of 1numstve chcm1cal conversion and d1Spcrsion. For the pcclesu'iln moving across them, or the passenger passmg A rcpon recently released by the Swte of Nonh Carolina showed that the Champion paper mill in Canton, NC is responsible for some of the dirtiest air in the enure swte. From January 10 June of 1988 the concentrations of particulate.'\ in the air of the area exceeded state standards five times. These cases account for all but one of the major violations of air QW1l11y in 1988. Suspended particul::ucs or this area were the hig)lest of 74 site.~ studied statewide. The state standard for these aerial molecules is 150 micrograms (mg) per cubic meter. The average at the Canton site was 78 mg, but it reached heights of 216 mg during that y<::Jr A spokesman for Champion International attributed the increase or partieulmcs to a new road built for carrying lime thnl was not watered down tO keep ll1e dust from nying off. A tack or rain that year also incn:a.o;cd the potential for moving dusL They claimed that the problem diminished when they increased effons to keep the lime powder down. Since then the ambient air conditions have cleared somewhat and the slate now consider,; Champion to be an compliance with the Stllte Slalldartl. The dan:ctor or the Western North Carolina Rcgioru:il Air Pollution Control Agency, which is an independun1 group that monitors air quality for State officiaJs, claims 1hat conunucd hii;h levcls of particulllte would be a "nuisance· anJ did not ncceS!>arily indicJtc o danger to anyone breathing it. However, the report they produced also claimed that extreme exposures to panaculate-fillcd rur c:ll1 cause aggmvation of heart and lung dascru;c, and e<m increase the likelihood of cancer and other respirn1ory problems. A broken filler ma ltme kiln at the Champion plant was also cited :is a concributing factor to the increased concentrations of particulate. As complaints "filtered' m from local residents the lime kiln was finally rep:ured in 1989. How muc:h airborne pollution is IOO much? Ask not for whom t.he smokestack fumes. n fumes for thee. TURNTI\G DOWN THE POWER Nanni World News Smlicc The board of directors or the NC Electrical Membership Corporation (NCEMC) voled on May 29 to drop all plans to construct a diesel-powered peak generating system a1 Deep Gap in Watauga County. The board also made it clear that it would not undertake any further plans for building diesel-generated power St:ltions. The board cited licensing delays, public opposauon to the project. and "respect for the wishes or the BREMCO (Blue Ridge Electrical Membership Cooperative) board." which in a face-saving gesture had requested an end IO the prOJCCL ln spite of a loud public outcry. NCEMC had been aggressively pressing ahead with plans for the generating stauon until the Rural Electrificauon Adm1nastra1ion. which had yet to approve the proposal, made a public announcement that it had questions as to the Stalion's effect on the local environment Oppo:;1llon to the Deep Gap swtion was led by the group Mounutan People for Clean Mountain Atr and the Blue Ridge Environmcnt.ll Dcfcno;e League. Summer, 1990 �SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN NlJl"f.7 Ai lD Tl..J:E B10SPFJEit.:E !PROGRJ11Vl The Man (sic) and the Biosphere Program is an international program started by the United Nations Educational, Cultural. and Scienrific Organization (UNESCO) in 1971 to work in particular habitat areas "to build a harmonious relationship between man (sic) and the environment on a scientific basis." The international MAB program has identified a network of biosphere reserves in characteristic biomes (natural regions) around the world. Each biosphere reserve is based around a core zone, a wild landscape which contains as much of the representative diversity of the region as possible. Outside the core zone are various special use areas to promote preservation and study of rraditional land use techniques of indigenous people, in-depth rcsean:h into the ecosystem, and demonsr.ration and study of habitat restoration methods. Surrounding these inner areas would be a multiple-use zone, or what is called an "area of cooperation," where sustainable human use would be practiced. The project is regional in scope. This is shown in the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere (SAMAS) project, which has outlined an area almost identical to the Katuah Province as the Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve. SAMAB was created by the agreement of ~even government agencies in 1988. Southern Appalachia was chosen by UNESCO as one of the first biosphere reserve areas because of "the region's unique and globally significant ecosystem" and because "the Southern Highlands, like many other regions of the world, have been subjected to largely uncontrolled growth in population and auendant development, particularly in the past two decades." UNESCO recognized the Southern Appalachians as "one of two areas in the United States which best exemplifies biosphere reserve concepts." The SAMAS organization already has several projects already underway. Among these are: - developing a computerized ecosystem data base for the region, ~ training specialists to inventory biological diver.;ity (planned are links with Latin America to monitor migratory bird populations). - detecting and chaning climatic changes and ecosystem responses, - developing environmental education programs for elementary schools, - encouraging an environmentally-compatible tourism industry, - and creating a coordinared resource managrnent plan that could be offered to developing countries. The basis of SAMAB is cooperative regional planning. While the regional model being promoted by the organization is excellent, and the project goals arc largely laudatory, the project now consists only of the regional divisions of six federal agencies - the National Park Service, the USDA Forest Service, the Southeastern Forest Experiment Srnrion. the US Fish and Wildlife Service. the Economic Development Administration, the Department or Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Tennessee Valley Authority - the same federal agencies now watching over the rapid degradation of Kattlah's natural habitat The SAMAS concept is still in its infancy. Optimistically, the organization could renect a new outlook and a new commitment on the pan of its member agencies and the organizations, public and private, who join subsequently. The possibility is there. But SAMAB could just as easily be "business as usual" under another guise, if operating policies and power relationships remain unchanged throughout the region. ~ The organization is also interested in beginning a program to tally the botanical and pharmaceutical values of Appalachian plant life. lndrdefeinr lte / " bo f I I I I I I I I I I I I / \. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Multlple Use ArH (Alea of CooP41ratoon) Human senlements, forests and rangelands. and other us4s m11nagad lo ach•ove greillost possiblq hnrmony with tha porpose of th11 biosphere "' Rohabllllallon Ar11 Demonstration of m11tll0ds lo restore degraded landscapes \. 18591119 , ......,;.;;.:.;....:__ _ _ _ _~--_..,1 "Core Zone 1 "" Conservation or natural &eosyslams and biological drvars•ty, baseR111> , 9COlogical monrto11ng ,) , Tradlllonal Us. ArH Experimental Auearch Area Conservation Md study ol Manipulative rese;irch twmomous land uses, Ion managed ecosyslems . 1y.p.,ally by 1nd9nnous ~ ,) I I I I I I I I ~----~~~-----~---------J HIGHWAY TO NOWHEREwnunucd from p. 9 FHA planners returned to the drawing boards. After locating other deposits of pyrilic rock ulong the proposed route, they reloca11:<l the roadway 10 another alignment lhat avoided much of the acidic rock deposits. They then let ne'' construction contracts for the revised route plan. Smee the new contracts have been h:t, pyritic deposits have been encountered in one of the four segments built in Tennessee and three of the six segments in "ionh Carolina. Where pyritic deposits have been uncovered, they have been "encapsulated" in an effort to prevent :mv contact '' ith water. which brings the acidic con1ponents into solution. The rock is excavated, placed over constructed drains, covered with agricultural lime, and then capped with concrete. The success of this method is being evaluated by a research te.1m from the University of Tennessee. and .stream monitoring is being done on a regular basis in cooperation with the US Forest St:rvice. St4mmet, 1Q90 The highway project has also suffered slumps and slides that have added to the expense of the work. David Govus is a grading contractor in Ellijay, Georgia who goes frequently to the wild country below I looper's Bnld to hunt grouse. He says, "It's an unbuildable site...They arc hanging the road on a very steep ridge just above Santeetlah Creek. It's getting close to a 45% gradt: along in there. There are places you can hardly walk up. "They're having to gouge out the ''hole side of the mountain, and they've already had several major slides. Pan of the road coming from lhe Robbinsville side just slid off the mountain. It came 300.400 feet down and wiped out a Forest Service road that ran parallel below. "This was last December. even before \\.'C had the big rains in February." Repair work on lhe slides are currently in progress. and one more contract for the final eight miles of road is due to be let this year. The section 10 be completed passes over Wright's Creek, known locally as one or the finest native trout streams. The road plans call for the highway 10 cross over the creekbcd five times. This threatens the stream's survi\'al. as the headwaters area of Wright Creek contains some of the steepest slopes and some of the largt:st deposits of pyritic rock along the entire route of the new roadv. ay. Da\'id Govus says. ''If somebody could go up there and look at it, it would make them sick enough that they would understnnd how stupid it is. Somebody who appreciates the Southern Appalachian Mountains and who undernands the pressure that's on them can see that the Forest Service land is the last bit of the landscape that's not being totally developed. And here is a wild chunk of !:ind lhat ~hould be a wilderness area, which instead is having this useless highway pu1 through it." , )(.Qt~ )owncal pmJeo 27 �Dear Sirs. Your spring number is a bi1 difficuh to accept as good Ecology. I refer to Snowbird's illustration and write-up on edible wild flowers! We need to protect them - as they are disappearing as development and poor foresU')' practice ruin their habilllt and areas of growth - Why eat wild flowers? • Better way to conserve. • Yours truly. Miles L. Peelle Brevard, NC DRUMMING LETTERS TO KATUAH To Whom It Concerns: Howdy there! I mec1 David Wheeler at the Environmental Summit at UNC-A Saturday. He mentioned that Kat1u1h JC1urnal had a write-up in your last issue on the black bear in regards to the White Oak Communi1y and landfill. This community is my home. I've been working real hard to stop lhis siting. I gave David information regarding this. My concerns are grnve as r feel the noise will ~isrupt the nesting pil~at~d woodpecker and other birds ·the red-tailed hawks, etc. that reside m my mantre hardwood forest that will never be disrupted. I love the sounds of the birds. I really feel for the black bear, the ones 1hat will be poached and the young who will learn an un-natural way of being. The situation was o~e of politics. If th.e bear could vote instead of people, they would wm. My community 1s remote and small · only 90 households. The black bear will be severely affected and the damage permanent. We need help from all who love this wilderness species. I do know without help from the outside, our politicians will win. They're determined. We do have . . people allying with us now, ~ut we need ~verybody. . Enclosed is money, of which l would hke the last issue pertammg to my concerns with the siting of a landfill in White Oak. I'm very active in the light to stop it, your resource might should of sought me out. The rest is for the cause. Thanks. Editors' Note: People on th~ editorial staff had some questions abow this initially, bm after smne discussion we decided to go ahead and prillt tire article. Thank yo11. though.for voicing your concern. WIU7t Snow Bear tells us is: "\Ve certainly don't want to drive wildflowers to extinction. Tire particular plants I chose co write abolll grow in large numbers where. the\' occ1tr in this area. "I also ga~·e specific instr11ctions for gathering the plants ill a respectful ll'a)' The whole point about writing abo11t the wild plams and their 11ses is to com·ey a respect/or those beings. ~1 think that people lfring their lil'e.1· i11 harmony with rite mo11111ains. knowing rlre edible and medici11al uses ofthe native wild plants. would be more inspired 10 preserve the plants and their wild habirat. I don'1 tlii11k that the number of people who go inro wild areas and pick a salad are going 10 mean the end of the wild native plants. b1u if a species becomes rare, we certainly should not gather it. The major threat is in the wholesale destruction oflzabitac." ?lie Sinners "ITU sun gives tfie 'East a ji111J{ slupy norf am{ slips away 6eliina a rosy fii[f. 'IHiife I, at peace for once, suting on my [1".rcft, 'lfien, 'Listen,· a cric~t sfui{(y calfs. 'Listen!' .?l.na tfte evening gossips 6e9m. Sincerely, Carolyn Gann Rt. 4. Box 191 Waynesville, NC 28786 '?(aty tfU{, • a malicious tattfttak si119s out. ·x..a1y aU!n 'tr a wyalf nemt replies. '?(p.ty aitf.' '?(p.ty aitfn t.' '1(.aty tfit{.' ''])itf11't/' Cfiarges am{ counter ones tftstur6 my soul 'Ofi, Lori{,' I 9roa11, 'ls tfrere no e111f to si11?' Dear People. . I discovered your fine journal while staying at the Hot Spnngs Inn last weekend. T was so taken by your issue on "Children" that 1 intend. to incorporate some of the ideas into the environmental educau<?n curriculum of my school · The Montclair Coopcrauve School 1n Montclair, NJ. ... Also (please send) a back issue on "Forests". I became concerned with the clearcutting visible from our hike on the Appalachian Trail and would like to get your views. Thank you, Lora Cooper Berkeley Hts, NJ 'Stop it!" I sliout into tlie noisy crowtl '/won 't liave s(anaer in my own 6ac~arti.' Yet as I speak_! 6fusfi for ptrfuly Jts my tfissem6lin9 mina ~eps wontfering too · '!JUI s(u.? · Marie 'Woori Dear Kauiah Folk, I live in the New River Valley, which ha5 become grist for the DEVELOP • DEVELOP • DEVELOP mill, indiscriminate and insntiable. A green Conservancy has sprung up, but oh so tentatively. unfueled by the real estate busine$$. I hope for ideas from Ka11lalt, as well as good company. Many Thanks! Sally Spangler Rt. 2. Box 4 Christiansburg, VA 24073 Union Acres An Alternative Community -SrrwJr;y Mcnmtain living Ulilh a focus on spiritual and te0logiC11/ 1JOluts• Acreage for sale/ Beautiful lrnCIS of prh'lllC land available for homeSICllding. Approxim:ucly eigh1y :ic~. surveyed into 24 lots of ooe. two. or four acres each. ~vcn acres of common land including cn:dc, meadow. playground, and scenic views. Common property managed by communily conSCl\SllS. Eartb sttwardsbip/ consensus democracy( organic gardening! noopoUuling ttebnolocia/ atttrnalhe children's schoolf rttyclini: «Dier/ retrtalS and .. orkshops/ aod other rooptrali"t tndtu·or~ 5uch as food co-op, etc. For more infonnauon· C. Gmnt. RL I Box 61 J, \\'hittier. NC 18789 (704) 497-4964 • The editorial staff would like to extend a special thank you to Thomas "Breeze" Rums for his donation of a 10% lit11e lo Ka11ialz Jownal. P.Jd AdvcrtlSCmCDI JCnltmh Jatnnul P"9C 28 Summer. 1990 �STEADY STATEcon11nucd from p.9 CNP also satisfies the missing ethical component in modern economics which Daly foments. The CNP of an ecosystem can be increased depending on the amount of care, concern. and respect the indinduals within tt m;imfcst for their hfc community. Carelessness, dii.dain, and a lack of respect lower CNP. The Spirit of the Wild James Rhea's artwork that was the logo for the "Restoring Biodiversity in the Southern Appalachians" conference and the cover of Issue 25 of the Kaulah Journal. is now available to all as conference posters and T-Shins. The posters are beautiful, four-color 11" x 1 renditions of the native species portrait with 7" conference information below and are available for $2.00. The T-shirts are heavy-duty, all-couon, silkscreened by Rldgerunncr Naturals. Only large and extra-large sizes remain. They are available for $10.50. Prices include postage. NC residents please add 5% sales tax. All proceeds fror;n the sale o_f these .itcn:is will support rescue acuons for nauve habitat in the Southern Appalachian forest. Order from: KfllflNU Box 282; Sylva, NC Ka111ah Province 28789 Ultimately. all of lids investigation and discussion has to do with choosing a quality or life in Katuilh. However, as Daly writes, "quality involves difficult judgements. and imposes self-definition and respons1b1ht;-•.. quantity (the CNP measuring stick I involves merely count mg and arithmetical operations that givt' everyone the s.Jme answer and impose no responsibility". It is easier, but not necessarily more accurate, to measure progress by the quantity of concrete, buildings, parking lots, people, and/or dollars in an area. But is this real progress? Cannot progress of society occur without physical growth of structurus and/or people? The building of a home, or of a community, is more than just the erection of structures. It is the creation of a living environment which will help meet, in a sustainable way, the needs of those people who live there. Arc not improvements in the quality of food, air, water, justice, and community relations, progress? Could not the successful maintenance of ecological diversity, and the support systems which are the foundation of this diversity, be considered progress? This is the supposition of the steady state economy "Progress" is the maintenance of the "best" conditions - in a word, quality. In the growth economy, "progress" is the ever-increasing growth in quantity of physical goods and services, leading to the destruction of production capability and life support potential. (cost) $24 milhon in state and students money, and promote the growth of the univer:>ily. An increase in the quantity of dollars to an areil is by ddinit1on .1 ~good" thing for that area. But would the present supporters of lhe construction project still be clamoring for the government money if the dollars were being offered to build a radioactive w.Jste storagc facility? Of course not. In th.JI instance they could easily see the difference between quantity and quality. John Stuart Mill put it \'cry simply and clearly over 100 hundred years ago when he spoke of a steady Stille economy: If the earth must lose a great portion of its pleas.1ntncss which 11 owes to things that the unlimited increase of wealth and population would extirpate from it for the mere purpose of enabling it to support a larger but not happier or better population, I sincerely hope for the s.ike of posterity that they will be content to the stationary long before necessity compclls them to it. , RESOURCES Berry, Wendell. 1987 Tht Gift of Good Lo11d. Nonh Poinl Press, San Fransisco Daly, Hcnnan E. 1977. Steady Stott Economics. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. Daly, Herman E., editor. 1980. Eco110mics, Ecology, Ethics· Essays on a Steady Stott Eco110my. W.H. Fn:cmnn, S::111 Francisco Daly, Hcnnan E.. nnd John B. Cobb. Jr. 1989. For the Common Good. Beacon Press, Bosion. Schulll3chcr, E.F. 1973. Small is Bca111iful: Economics os if Ptoplt /ltartertd. Perennial Library, New York. MOO N D ANC I NG The proposed regional activities center at Appalachian State University is a good example of this conflict between quantity and quality. In the minds of many, the proposed coliseum is "good" because it will increase seating capacity for events to 11,000 people, create a number of jobs (mostly temporary) for local workers, bring in Gift• of Cdebrauon (EARTll WA\1 bOOKSTORE) <! Books • New Age MU$ic Wildaafted Htrbal Product~ Gmutones • Unrqul' Card.i Maga~mcs • & Mort (704) 264-7242 1 IOB Wc..>!>t King Street, Boone, NC 28607 by Jomes Profitt Down in Sylva bear claws haunt the while clapboard town ~rung briefly between two mountains, and the breathing or wild Appalachia moves m and out of the mill's steam spirals up into the sky. A creek dribbles half-heartedly through the edge of this pince. Cherokee lies twenty miles west. There, a hundred Indians ride the bed or a red Chevy pickup with a cooler of beer, lawn chairs, and ancient, laded Levis. Al lhe trading post a small, stunted bl.Jck bear p.1ces his days evenly. Oh-God-am-l-immort.11-never-to·melt-my-bonesand-fur·a nd -hot-brca th-into-I he-stone-of· thisplacc? cries a wee; disgruntled bear soul into quiet hillsides. In the summds fading. men move into those hillside~ carrying nfll'S and trailing dogs lhJrsting for blood in the ho.trsc, secret l.mguilgc of hounds. S\&mmcr, 1990 e1ti11ae ,At11p111ttl11re WILDLIFE "' Jlerbp/gl/I e1i11it T-SHIRTS. SWEATSHIRTS 'l\iage, 'JWfl~I 'Nat!Jraj_s '''" ~~ ~o'~ ~ C/~~ 130 ILC IAAJEBE. I.I. S, Ac..O UC~T v•~ 0 , vo'f.t,·,;p'> ~~:C,o·" Dept. K N Main Street Waynesville. NC 28786 (704) 4~~3..Q03 ,.~ ........ ~·" �Review: Cohousint A Contemporary Approach I• Housing Ourselves This is a book about bringing tile small community back to modem society. The authors, Kathryn McCamant and Charles Durrett, are a husband and wife design team who visited 46 cohousing communities in Denmark. the Netherlands and Sweden before writing this book. They lived at many of these communities for days or months and this gives their book depth and autnenticity. This is a nuts and bolls guide to gathering a group of like-minded folks :ind building a community. The communities the authors studied in Europe were all quite different from each other, but they also shared important features. The groups were all democratic, and there was a refreshing absence of charismatic leaders. They all had various amounts of resident participa1ion in !he design process. AU of the communities provided private dwellings for families as well as common space for group activities. Some of the groups were cooperatives, some had owned units, some rented units, some had both owners and renters, and many had ownership similar to condominium arrangements. The communities varied in size from 6 to 80 households. There was a scrong consensus from both of these extremes as well as from the middle ground that groups in the range of 15 to 30 households is optimum. Some of the communities were buih entirely by hired help while in others the residents did various amounts of the cons1J'Uction work. Some of the communities were very poUlically-mindcd, some very ecologically-minded, some didn't seem to mind at all. lbe advantages of a small community are almost too numerous to mention, but lower cost of housing, children's playgroups, music ensembles, protection from crime, teenage music rooms (Most of the communities had them!), greater energy efficiency, laundry rooms, saunas, soccer fields (or baske1ball courtS), workshops, walk-in freezers, darkrooms, and any other resource one can imagine being shared profi1ably, make a good beginning of a list. My own favorite advamage is enelly efficiency. Through a cen1r.1l heating sys1em and co-generation, a small community can have wannth and power at a small percentage of the ecological and monetary cost 1hat a comparable number of independent houses would use! Small communities can take advanrage of the solar, wind, and water resources which would be beyond lhc reach of one family and beneath lhe notice of a 1own or city. Efficiently congregating humans in small communities leaves much of the land for other species. All of this makes basic good sense. The quesuon left is "how do we get there from here?". Colw1ising is a very good guide for this journey. It is a beautiful as well as a practical book with plenty of color photographs and thoughtful architectural drawings. It is published by Habitat/fen Speed Press and well wonh the $19.95 it costs. If you are interested in living in community, you ~ should read this book. ·reviewed by Will Ashe Bason Cl-ONA conlinucd !Jom p. 7 China's remaining 12% of forest cover is threatened by population pressures and by the demands for wood of the industrialized areas of the country. (One day I saw a 100 foot long log of Washing1on State Douglas Fir being caned down 1he street by straining peasants!) Modernization and rising expectations funher threaten this evolved system by polluting the supplementary sources of protein foods found in the waterways, by acid rain, and by the loss of prime arable lands to urban sprawl, rural industry and private house building in the countryside. The lure of modem lifestyle now projected on millions of TVs is a powerful destabilizing force throughout China. Dut the lessons of China seem unequivocal. If we are to avoid her terrible mistakes and if we are to find harmony with the Nature of our own continent, we can learn from intelligent observation what the Chinese have had to learn by dire desperation. We can avoid China's plight by applying the solutions the Chinese (far too late perhaps) have developed to deal with the ecological challenges they face. We can ignore China (or Ethiopia, Mesopotamia, India, Egypt, etc...} nt our peril. Consider then for a moment what life in Kaniah would be like if we could emulate the present resourcefulness and humility of the Chinese. The intensively farmed prime lands of a few valleys around Asheville could feed the entire population without strain. Thousands of acres of pastures could be returned to forest/woodlot, since we would be eanng soybeans and grains instead of beef and pork. These could provide fuel for home heating and cooking (not to mention vigorous exercise for axe wielders). Since we would be a low energy society, we would have to be doing crafts, farming and domestic arts close to home. We could dispose of our automobiles. Noise, carbon emissions from fossil-fuel burning and the mental stress of the modem lifestyle would deminish. Our communities would, of necessity, be closer knit and less mobile and would thus be stronger sources of social solidarity, so lacking in our ultramobile, treadmill "American life". We would require less things to have as we begin to be farmers, craflSpcople, musicians, artists, woodsmen, poets. Our forest lands would become less accessible and therefore more wild. Old growth forests would come into their own again, since our economy would be one of sufficiency, not cancerous growth. Nature could move closer to us, even as we become more natural people at home. The artificial demarcation between the Wild and the Civilized would fade and the two would intermingle and fuse. An economy of small farms, sm.111 businesses, and mutual interdependence would blossom. People would look on their surroundmgs with a keener eye to the deeper rhythms, functions and mystery. Like the Chinese. we would 11lways know at a given moment which way is nonh and which way is south. We would be closer to the we;11her and be in tune with the seasons at a deeper level. XRtt".nh Journot pnl)G 30 Summer would last longer in our minds and be sweatier. Autumn would be more poignant and festive with community harvests. Winte1 would be leaner, more intimate and contemplative. And Spring would simply mean more. When Spring came to Jiangsu Province! It meant an end 10 the wet and cold with no cenrral heating. nn end to 9 layers of clothing, 1 0 jumping jacks and pushups at dawn, to sponge baths. to turnip soup, to grim faces. Spring meant new life, hope and comtort. The first cucumber never tasted so good as ii did in Jiangsu Province. Let's try to avoid the kind of situation where someone will have to ask this question, "Whose ducks are those?" Let the ducks remain wild in a healthy wilderness. Let a lone hiker ask permission to kill it and give thanks for eating it. Let the mystery of isolated bears return to our psyche, as we tend our gardens of plenty gazing at the distant mountai ns. The Way. the Tao, exists. Let us follow it. Stephen Barrleu c1urefllly lives on the campttS of Warren Wilson College in Swamwnoa, NC where Ire leaches and directs the International Smdent Program lie and his family plan to move w land they have purchased in the Dominican Republic, where they will farm and encourage rural development. ~ - .... · ~ :'litm 1r1 I .,,. ,, , ,,,JCf'IU 704·264·!)210 200W. KlngSt. Boone. NC 3 Blocks Crom Campus Sumn~cr. 1990 �END OF REAL ESTATE coru.inued l'rom p 23 CurTCntly, much human attention 1s put into designing ever more effective ways of killing each other. In many governments this approach has proven disastrous to the ecology o( their regions and to their own economies. By diverting even a fracbon of the now of human 'money', attention, and concern involved with 'destructo-tcchnol9gies' into those forms which work with the timing and material energy cycles of the sun and livmg bJO'Phere it is possible that we can d~1gn basic humAn scale systemS which fulfill the needs of housing. food, he•lth care, travel, tcachtng. and rommunicauon without thrusting our energy discard'! he; pollutants) onto the hfc sustaining environments around us. It means our new "job~ will be to monitor the flow of many fonns of energy •nd make sure 11 is ~cLlble or reusable "ithm the human community, and that what 1s released into the habitat of other animal, plant. and microbial communities is d1Scstabll' by thl'm. PCB's for instance are vl'ry difficult for bacteria and fungi to decompose, while some other chemicals such as organic 50aps are degradable. II would mc.1n adopting a similar kind of energy respos1bihty as we would find in a forest, a creek, pond, or meadow - not allowing a valuable form of energy "go to waste". It would mean de5igning stores and industries with systems and containers that are re-usable. Also worth considering arc food producers that work directly in a villagl' or town in which foods arc made fresh and the need for wrappers and containers would be minimized. Our "ncw~mploymcnt" would also mc.1n finding and using 11\dteri.als that arc more organically digestable by the rest of the biosphere, or at least digestablc in a more reasonable time range. The utterly ironic process of going away from the home or homestead to earn money from someone else to be able to purchase land and housing that some great day m the future you hope to live in and enjoy (perhaps with a family) is a sad •nd telling story of the lack of clear prionhes in modem life. ln a region where Real Estate was NOT long (or queen), there would be encouragement in finding a "house and land" for people who are, or are to become good stewards. One responsibility of the Village would be to keep track of lhe turnover (le; births and deaths) of lhe population of the vlllage and relay this informabon to young couples for example, who are awaiting ho~. Within local Village agn.'Cmcnl!i about the canymg capacity of a farm or pan:cl of land their payment would be in the eifort and skills they applied "on sight". It may abo be appropriate In such contexts to have LETS trading 5)'5tl'IT\S (sec Katllah Issue 22) far goods and services not e)!Changed through cuh or precious metals.. Banks charge "intCl't$1" to thO!>e who 'have not' now for the chinc:e that the)' may possibly 'h3ve' later. This *interest" has traditionally been coming from the workings of the Sun and 81o~here through pLtnts, animals, rung;, and bacteria Now we have replaced these renewing forms of Interest with numbers and the Earth's storage of fossil fuels- which were placed there inadvertantly by the death of living organisms - perhaps in order to keep carbon atoms from contnbuting to the over-concentTation of greenhouse gasses in lhe atmosphere. Could a system be created through which land or a house would be "worked" and taken are of by a person or a family and "paid for" by the work they actually do while living at the residence? It would certainly assist the effort in reducing the now of harmful and mundane molecules (such as automobiles spitting out their weight in carbon-dioxidl' m one year) which is creating an enVJronmcntal crisis for many of the larger multi-cellular organisms like ouselves. The overarching context of the present economy prescribes that there must be a middle person involved to retail, or scoop-off some extra money m the transaction between a human family and the land. Most of lhe "monitary profit" from someone actually living on the land they are trying to acquire goes off to someone else wllO is free to walk off with it, through the craft of law and Instituted customs. By giving value to what the source of wealth is; the know-how, plants and animlls, materials, tools, hulTWl and other than human relations, and the capacity of human bciilgs to be adequate stewards in this process - we could possibly find ways to g;ve back to the land the attenhon that is being taken away from ii l?.Y 'Working Jobs' that •re often meaningl~ (or ha\•c htllc to do with actual hfe support) and become nearly purpo$Clcss to the attempt of finding harmony in human relations. and within the relations of the region they inhabit. Mind you. there would h<l\'C to be some stnct prohibitlons to people that would abuse such a woy of "eamfog a living". No ultimate guarantee exists that ways of hum.ln fundamentalism. trickery, commcroahsm, and "nus-m.11"1gcment• that have been C\idcnt In our past will not find l~ wny into such a Re-'"ISiomng or the basic pnnciplcs of Real Estate. At the same time, how could we prevent such regulation from becoming too rigid and burcacratic7 One s11ggcs11on comes from Anthropological studies showing that groups, or etrclcs, of "primitive" people numbering only as many as 40, were able to communicall' about b.151c assumptions mtlsl clearly and clfoctivcly, e\-en though the ways they organizl'CI their affairs were not always linear or Summer, I 990 'rational'. Perhap; this kind of organizing in the context of non-lethal technologies would aid in decision making more than large, overly cumbersome 'bodies' of people haggling over agendas and policies for long periods of ttmc, •nd insi5ting on rigid heirarchical fonns of order. There would be hard work involved for those choosing to be a ~rt of such an ecologically minded approach to human hre support in the greater contCl<t of H•bitat rreservatlon. A justice syMem that involved inhabitants other than human, along with the repo0$ib1lity or human caretakers And the carrying capacity of the land would be one very different from the primanly urban and l'llCdlJlmainy mdustnal slate as it exists now. Such a system would involve biology as a cruelal aspect of such an intcr-spcoes JUStire. The main problem With this would perhaps be find mg Agreements about what such a fonn of justice v.ould ~n. and how offenders to it would be dealt with. Would we samply rccapttulatc our CWTent shamefully inadequate ways of "lmpnsoning" people an an Ecological State, or would there be community service penances? An l'COnomk system of accounting the direct work done on or from a "peace" Of i.nd for housing. or the ability to hve ma given plare and obtam life suppprt in a VJllage ronk'ltt, ls also quite foreign to our way of life now (though II has rc-ci.1~ted many tim..'5 through the human past). Instead of proving you are Worthy to an employer, perhaps you could prove 11 to a council within a community or village <or group of villages). Would such villages be patterned afkr collccllve socictil'S m which crucial lands, tools, and foods arc distributed more l'Venly among the populace? Or would it be fashioned after market l'COnom1cs 1n which what a person or fAmily is able to create and sell on a market dl!tcrm1~ their wealth and status in lhe community? The collective notion seems to prove too uniform in character with a sti!fiing of diversity and often of helpful innovations as well. Capitalistic notions appear to be too diverse - the markets fill with multiple products that require specialized means of repair and the pooling of capital becomc?S paramount to overall ecological health. I thtnk there will be some of both ol lhesc ways of cultural organizi!ll; involved 1n an ecological approach to human commumhcs, much as in th~ practice of Land Trusts (see Ka!Uah lsue 20). In a Land Trust the foundcn determine 'guidelines' whlcb pcrchascrs of land in the rommunity must agrre to in order to '1nJy" anto IL The land is removed from lhl' "frre market" of busmess. and IS open to the decisions of loCal residents who are in rlttd of maintaining the land's integrity ~or their own survival. Our current lnduslrial Chaos in ~l contributes to the stiffHng of human CMrgf cs and experiences in finding collective and perso~I ways of M<lture (or climactically stabalizing> ecological relauol\lhips with the many cycles of energy and form found in the ·nch" and rare environments of this Uving Planet. To find an order now, that is not a throwback to a supposed order of long ago, is our current challenge. An option for ecological in~ty, an which industries would perhaps become Tnl '"plants", is not an absolute proposition, however. An astcrlod rould collide with tliC Earth and throw the Earth's living systems into a chaos far more inteMe than what we are doing with our bombs and industries now. Can we retrieve from the self-Initiated chaos and fear from whicli we have been building Into "mlhtary industrial complexes" for hundreds of years? C..n we create a polity that does not seek to manipulate and scavenge the lives of the •common people" thay proport to support? The expericnct' of human corruption. greed • .and power struggle5 for social positiorung cannot be left out of consideration when. imagining ecological villages. Yet if the bulk of Non-roal estate societies revesred women, m1nontics, relative honesty and ea>logical health, apprenticeship. •nd non-partici~hon in militarism more than It does the previou!lf mcn11oncd "attributes", the chances or more JUSI social ~ems rould have a greater potent1<1I of cof!Ung Into existence. In ~· there ili now a.c1oler mutual ronsistcncy brtwecn our own ~II being .and that of the enVlronmcntal context of the Earth Unpredic;tabillty and tunnoU arc likely to percolate in human societies. Even (r we can design villages that are ecologically sound there arc no guaranl1?6 that OUT social and personal Ills "'ill be cured. Such secnunsly "fmrretenal" concerns as conflicts of assumpuons. violent behavior, drug addiction, croWding. lying and dcrual, romantic relatio~ gone sour, ~ge rebellion, disfunctlONll famihcs, ond other maladies of the human coru:huon are os mbmatcly ln\•ohro with these so called 'Green Technologies' as the design of the systems themsclvcs. It may be true that by Cl'l'attng a more healthy context between oursdn.-s and the blola uf 1hc rq;lon we Inhabit :;ome or ou~ current social malaise C'an find a plare to heal old wounds, yet it is too easy to think that there Is some •fix" that we can put on our soctelli.'S that will heal this once and for all. There must also be an nccompanying inner ab1hty of the personality to become 1nll'g1'.tll'CI into a group larger than Itself, v:·h1le . rcuunmg the self-assertiveness nl'Cl'SSlry for identity and protc<:non. , . JCatUah Journat pa9e 3l �PEOPLE ANO KABITAT ccnlinued &om p.13 manner in which they earned !heir wealth. The very isolation that bad protected the mountains fro!11 induslrializatio~ for ~ long now proved their strongest attracoon. City-dwellers realized that they could "have" that isolation - all they lacked was a way to get there. Thus began the era of the four-lane. The Appalachian Regional Council brought in federal money to help state governments upgrade old roads and build modem expressways. . During th!s same period agriculture dcclmed sharply m the mountains • and with it declined the traditionally high birthrate that had always characterized Appalachia in the minds of outsiders. With the construction of new roads in-migration became the driving force in th~ population growth of the Katuah province. Today the rate of biological growth (the ratio of the bmh rate to the death race) remains at flat zero or in fractions of a percentage point (0.07 percent in 1984), while the rate of in-migration continu~ to rise dramatically, putting the overall populauon growth of the Southern Appalachians we.11 above the national average. The number of reurces tr3nslocaling to the mountains raises the percentage of monality and skews the biological growth rate somewhat, but a look at the figures shows the dominant influence of migration on the regional population. Lack of access has always been the limiting factor on growth - the growth of human popul~tic:>ns'. ec<?nomic development, and mdusmahumon • m Appalachia. Lack of access protected the wild nature of the mountain habitat. Now the cork is out of the bottle. The sporadic stream of in-migration has turned into a flO<?d. As ov~r-populatcd Europe once offered an mexhausnble supply of humanity to fill up the New World, the large eastern cities now do the same for the mountains. as the interstate highway system offers an easy means of travel. Along with the increase in new residents, there has been a tremendous increase in demand for recreational opportunities in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the national forests. Today. human management and hullllln use penetrates to the deepest reaches of the forest on 4,900 miles of forest roads and touches every aspect of life on vinually every acre of the mountain forest habitat. Meanwhile, wildlife has been pushed back to the most remote areas of the forest in search of food and safety due to the clearing necessary for roads and development and the associated noise. The Norlh Carolina High~ay Bill (or Come One, Come All! ) . l n 1989 the North Carolina state legislature passed a $8.8 billion Highway Bill. Go~emor.Jim Martin's plan is to place "every resident m the state within 10 miles of a four-lane road," build by-passes around seven urban centers (including Asheville). pave 10,000 miles of ~e~ondary gravel roads by 1999, and the remaining gravel roads in the state by 2006. To hear the road boosters talk. the new roa?s are g?ing to bring in all 1he good aspects of 1 n~ust~al culture and none of the bad. There s big bucks in it for everyone, we are to!d, an~, because we live in 1he mountains, thm~s will be as nice as they always were. The Envaronment Committee assures us th:it all this development can proceed with no impact k:otMm ) 0 1.0 ·\iQL pJ9 e ~i whatsoever on the "beautiful mountain scenery that is so important to all of us" • in fact, it'll be even better, because there will be m()re people here to enjoy it with us. THE FOURTH TURTLE ISLAND BIOREGIONAL CONGRESS (NABCIV) In reality, the greatly increased volume of traffic that will pass over the new highways will h~ve a tremendously damaging effect. New highways mean more use, more commerce more in-migration, and more human demands on the already over-stressed habitat. Since the 1960's the word "access" has taken on a new and more sinister meaning with the widespread use of the television set. The TV has had a rapid and unprecedented effect on mountain culture. With a TV in almost every home, the cultural isolation of the mountains is at an end. The greater society comes right into the living room almost every night of the week. The cultural model is no longer local, but is broadcast from New York and Los Angeles. and the image now permeating the minds of the mountain people is the same as that being received by the rest of the population of the continent, wherever they live. There are no regional distinctions in this model, it is bland and homogeneous. It is also urban in nature. as most of the dominant culture is urban-based, and it causes dissatisfaction in the minds of rural viewers, who begin to feel that they are being left out of the American Dream when they see urban consumpuon patterns and urban lifestyles on the flickering screen. The TV has caused great changes and great contradicrions in the Appalachian way of life. With Lhe powerful weapons of the TV and the automobile, the cultural conquest of the mountains is nearly complete. will be held August 19·26 at Lake Cobbosseecontee, near Augusta, Gulf of Maine Bioregion As access opened the mountains to the ravages of unrestrained technology at the cum of the century, so now is it bringing in an outside culture and unrestrained numbers of human beings. We are the greatest threat to habitat in the Southern. Appalac hians. Rampaging development will be our greaiest local concern in the decade ahead. We long ago overshot the capacity of this region to support the weight of our population and our induslrial technology. Now, rather than manage the forest to meet our unending demands, we need to manage ourselves, our numbers and our way of life, that the forest may continue. In the long run, this would be the best for all the inhabitants of the mountain forestlands. ourselves included. This process requires values that arc at once new and at the same time very, very old. These values are the subsmnce of the bioregional vision. We need to learn/remember them and pass them on. Only then will we be able to approach a reasonable carrying capacity of human beings in the Katuah province of the ,, Appalachian b1oregion. S pecial thanks to Tersh Palmer a nd Karen Lo hr for their contribulion. The fourth continental Bioregional Congress is convening to plan strategies and share energy to meet the challenges of the coming decade, which is shaping up to be a crucial one in the development of the present world culture. The species of life on this planet are being hard hit by the weight of human numbers and human technology. The future of planetary evolution is at stake, and we cannot waver or hesitate in defending the other creatures of the world and their habitats. They are disappearing rapidly, and once gone, they are gone for good. But our actions would be in vain if we did not establish new and different cultural styles ways of living that are specific to the natural regi?nS that support them ... ways of being that tap m10 the deepest roots of their natural living plaee...these are what will endure. The potential of the next ten years is tremendous. Let us come together for the sake of the world and all that is wild. If you arc interested in at!Mdiog NABC lV from lhe Katuah Province, conl.3Ct the K a1uah Journal (Box 638: Leicester. NC; Kalu3h Province 28748) to coordina1e transponation and consider how we will represent our region at the Congress. Rcgis1rn1ion for NABC IV is SJ75 for odults, SIOO for children. Mrul Congress queries or rcglstrntions to: Turtle lsland Biorcgio113I Congress Gulf of Mnillc Books 61 Mainc SL New Brunswick, ME Gutr or Maine Bioregion 04011 .r!!J' ,te:.-' WNC ALLIANCE HIGHLANDS-CASHIERS CHAPTER A new chapter of the Western North Carolina Alliance has been formed in the Highlands-Cashiers dismct, the uplands of southern Jackson and southeastern Macon Counties on the Blue Ridge Divide. This area comprises the headwaters of some of the most important water sources in the southeastern quarter of Turtle Island. The Cullasaja, Cha11ooga, Tuckasegee, and Whitewater Rivers rise here, as well as Tessentee and Middle Creeks, important tributaries of the Little Tennessee River system. The new Alliance group states its purpose as being an effective grassroots organization promoting a sense of stewardship and caring for the mountain environment. Their goal is to protect and preserve the quality of the land, water, forests, and air through education and public participation in policy decisions at tll levels of business and government. For more information about the group, ca!J the WNC Alliance office at (704) 2588737. .,(4m'mU, 1990 j �27-29 JULY SWANNANOA, NC Vision Ques1 wi1h Morgan E:igle Bear. Offerings. Those wishing to paruc1pa1e, write Morgan C/o The Earth Ccn1cr Sec 6123-24. HOT SPRINGS, NC ~ Cherokee Law and Holy Land: Leaming About Row to Live in Nonh America..• Woricshop with Dr. Robert Thomas, raised in a traditional comunity m the Eas1em Ozarks. Storytelling. fasting, discussions, Sacrifice to the Fire, Salu1c to the Sun, Pipe Ceremony. $95. Pn:-regis1cr. Southern Dhanna Reuca1 Center. sec 7/13-15. 4-8 12-15 Asheville Anisis' Markel & Fes1 on Lexington Ave Downtown Asheville. NC. Thru 1he summer on Fri, Sal, & Sun, 10 am • Sunset Exhibi1or.; will include local anisL~. environmental, educational, & social concern groups, food. Local musicians pcrfonning and an open slllgc daily. For info. call (704) 251-2313. in Full Moon Sweat Lodge every Saturday closest to the foll moon at the Eanh Center, Swnnnanoa. NC. Call (704) 298-3935. JUNE 21 SUMMER SOLSTICE CELEURA T ION 23-24 SWANNANOA, NC Drum-Making Workshop with Pal Slark. Building a medicine drum. S150. supplies included. The Eanh Cemer; 302 Old Fellowship Rd.; Swannanoa, NC 28776. Call (704) 298-3935. 24·30 TOWNSEND,TN "Teacher & Naturalist Weck.• "For classroom tcachen, nar.uralists, and anyone intercs1cd in learning 3boul the natural world." With Doug Elliou. Eustace Conway, music by Lfa and Lynn Shaw. Sl50. Contacl: Great Smoky Moun1nins Ins1itu1c al Tremont; Townsend, TN 37882 (615) 448-6709. U..27 KNOXVILLE, TN Economic Dcvelopmcn1 as ir Women Maucred Conference. Co-sponsored by Levi Strnuss Foundation, Tennessee Valley Authori1y, Episcopal Diocese of Eas1 1N. Info: Vicki Creed, Community Aff3ll'S; Levi Strnuss & Co.: P.O. Box 15906; Knoxville, TN 37901. 27-7/1 tu GH LANDS, NC "Landscape Photography in the Blue Ridge Mountains" with Gil Leebrick and Dan Rohn. Dcmonsuations, field trips, and darkroom session.~ S200 includes lodging. Appalachian Environmental Arts Ccn1er; P.O. Box 580; Highlands, NC 28741 (704) 5264303. 30-July 8 CELO, NC Rural Soutticm Voice for Peace Office Building Workcamp. A specu1I week for volunteers. skilled and ull$lt1llcd, 10 come help build RSVP's new orrice building on the Celo Community Land Trusl Info: RSVP: (704) 675-4626. \I LI NVILLE, NC 35th Annual Grandfather Mountain Highland Games and Gathering of Sco1tish Clans. Pag3entry. pipe bands, Scottish athletics ceilidh. For more informa1ion, wruc Box 356: Banner Elk, l\C 28604 or call (704) 898-5286. HOT SPRI,GS, NC "Po1n1ing at the Sun; Holding Up the Moon: The Five Ammal Frolics" w1rh Jay Dunbll' and Kathleen Cusick. Workshop on ancient exercises from China used to prepare mind for both martial arts and meditation. $70. Pre-register: Southern Dharma Rctrea1 Center. RL I, Box 34-H; Ho1 Springs, NC 28743. 26-8/5 FOLKMOOT PERFORMANCES Folk Performers from Austria, Bulgaria, France, Greece. Hunmgary, Indonesia, Ireland, the Ukraine, Phillipines. and possibly Haiti. Performances in Haywood, Buncombe, Macon, Henderson, and Madison Counties. Call the Folkmoot office for schedule and prices: (704) 456- 3021. 13-15 14 15 SWANNANOA, NC "Women's Ceremonial Mask-making"with AniLD Maloney. teacher wuti the Bear Tribe. Free per.;onal power through the use of ceremonial masks. S 100. The Eanh Center, see 6123-24. AUGUST 2 SWAfliNANOA, NC Buck Ghost Horse at the Earth Center. Open talk. Love offering. See 6{23-24. 2-4 HELEN, GA "Mountains or Imagin:uion" Puppet Fesllval Helen Festc Halle Pavilion For info.. call Pat Minnaugh (305) 925-6833. 3-5 16-22 WILLIS, VA WOMEN'S WELLNESS WEEK · Nurture and Heal Your Body, Mind and Spirit. "Womerls Wellness Week gives us the time, energy, and gifts of our sisters and the E.anh to help us heal ourselves, our species, and our planet home". Pre-register: $350. For more information write or call: lndian Valley Retreat Center; Rt. 2, Box 58; Willis, VA 24380 (703) 789-4295. WEAVERV ILLE, NC The Golden Rod Puppets perform! with friend Hobey Ford. Weaverville Library 11 am. SWANNANOA, NC "Sacred Teachings of the People." Buck Ghost Horse (uadluonal Sicangu-HunkpaJD Lakota). The Coming or the Sacred Pipe, Pipeways. Arrival of the Seven Sacred Ceremonies, HlstorY of the Sioux People. SI 00. The Eanh Center. Sec ~3-24. 19-26 LAKE COBBOSSEECONTEE, GULF OF MAINE The Founh Nonh American Bioregional Congress to be held this year in the Gulf of Maine Bioregion. (sec facing page) 19 22-27 HI GHLANDS, NC Workshop on "Sexism and Peacemaking" featured as pan of "Mountain Great Escape" wcck a1 the Mounlnin. Pre-rcg1stet in advance for wcrk.<hop or fer the whole week. See 7/1·6. 26 WVTHE\'JLLE, VA The Golden Rod Puppets pcrfonn! wilh friend Hob<.:y Ford Wylhc·Grnyson Libraries. 11 om. Drawings by Suwn ~ 24-26 LOUISA, VA "Celebrating Our Diversity• • Women's Gathering. At Twin Oaks Community. Sliding scale S35-S95. Info: Women's Gathering, Twin Oaks, Louisa. VA 23093. (703) 89-1-5126. SEPTEMBER 11-12 UlGHLANDS, NC "The Political Landscape" with Roben Dawson. An with a purpose - the photographic image in the environmental movement. $200 includes lodging. Appabchian Environmental An:; Cen1cr; sec 6127-7/1. �wwrac~~.~O~ unused can,·as. 6 fL wide. Enough ror a full· size TIPI or very large tenL Cost S380. Will sell for $220. 298-7639, Asheville. Living Wheel Herb Company.Ceremonial and culinary, wildcrafted and organically grown herbs. Send for a fn:c cat31og. P.O. Box 427 Tonasket. WA 98&55 WOODSCRAFT - Seeking to correspond with petSonS mterestcd in primitive woodscraft skills such as. bow/dlill fire-making, u-.ick.ing, snan:/dc:Utlfall uupp1ni;, etc. Have attended Tom Brown's basic class. J.T. Garrison, RL 4, Box 667. Spring Cuy, Tn 37381. Wicker Worker. Wicker fomilure restored. Cane. spht. and rush sealS woven, ba.~keL~ repaired Experienced SC3l weaver. "If you can't, we cane." Andrea Clll!kc: 27 MaJt SL, Asheville, NC 28801. (704)253-624 l. MOCCASINS, h311dcrafled of clkh1de in the tnld1tionsl Plains Indian Style. Waicr resiSlant, resalable, and rugged • great ror ltilcing! Children's and infant si7.C.~ available. Wntc: Earth Dance Moccasins; Bo-.. 931: Asheville. NC 28802, or call Patrick Clnrlc at 254-8116. The Infinite Light Fellowship is opening a Meditation Center which will offer mid-day medi11u.1ons, as well as evening and Sat. worlcshops on spiritual growth, dreams, healing. Open IO all. Ant Iron Bldg., 20 Bauery Parle Ave., Asheville, NC. Info: Al Bouchard, (704} 254-2080. CIRCLES RETURNING • a new cas~cttc by Bob Avery-Grubel! This 1s music to touch the soul and heal the hcalt. Lyrics included. To order send SIO per casseue to: Bob Avery-Grubel: Rt. I Box 735: Aoyd, VA 24091. Sl<lNFOODS • ftelih, hand-made hcrtxll skin prcpar.11.ion~ at n:a.o;onable pnces. Send for pncc hsc 106 E. Main St.; Johnson C1ty, 11'1 3760 RSVP is building an ofllcc home of our own and asking for your help. Half of the S25.000 cost already raised or pledged. Solar design and help wnh appropriaic tcch :iJso doll3tcd. Labor will be by Volunteers for Peace and regional voluntccrs. Please join us in making big ~tcp into future. CREATION SOAP· hand-crafted h~rbal soops from II~ Blue Ridge Mountains. Rose and lavender soap$. mob1ur1<.ing bat, •hampoo/condi1ioncr bar. Comact Anna; RL I, Box 278: Blowing Rock, NC 28605 (704) 262-2321 . Wanted: Home & Shop Space for Light Woodworking. (400 sq. fL+). For rent or exchange: would prerer within IS miles of A~hcv1llc. NC. Needed 9/90. We are responsible and caring. Md would love C3J'lhconscious neighbors. Brce1.c Bums, Janc1cc Ray &. Silas, Rte.l. llo1188-J. Quincy, Fla 32351, (904) 442-6474 I AM LOOKING FOR A POSITION with an cnvironmcnl.'ll awarcnc,s/acuon organi:i.alion m the Katfuh region located m A~hcv1llc or nearby. Prerer pan·llme, beginning 1n summer or fall 1990. A writer/ncwslencc editor by trade, I have cxpenence in lobbying, rccruttmg and tr.umng volunteers, leading and organi7.mg cvcnis. Please contaet Janc1ce Ray, Rt. I, Box 188-J, Quincy, FL 32351. (904)442-6474. J(.Qt®h Jo,muaf. pa<]& 34 SPIRITIJAL PERSONAL ADVICE. Concspond with your Nauvc Grandfather. All qucsuons addressed from Medicine Perspective. No clurge ever. SASE with letter to: Blue Sky, Box 5387, Largo. Fla. 34649. ADVENTURES FOR EVERYONE • Backpacking, canoeing, llama trekking m the NC mountains, SC barrier islands, Congaree Swamp. Families with young children and seniors welcome • llamas will airry your gear. uam MINIMUM IMPACT rr.chmque.~. r.cology, plant and animal identification, rockchmbmg, whitewater C311oemg. etc ... Emphasis on perlOllal growth. For more information write: Magik Trek~. P.O. Box 6876, Columbia, SC 29260. GRE.ENll'G CARDS • correspondence and advocacy cards for people who care. Onginal an reproduced in color. (I 091: of proceeds donated to proJCCIS for pc.ace wid justice.) Write IO Ginny Lco12. LovEarth Creations; Box 1445: Black Mountain, NC 28711. ENVTRONMEl\'TALLY SENSITIVE l..Ai"IDSCAPL'lG SERVICE- Lawn maintenance, trees. shrubs, Oowcrs &. edibles. Organic. Patrick Clark. 254-8116. WORK FOR PEACE. STOP PA YING FOR WAR! For informauon about conscientious resisl3occ to war Ulllcs, including resources. local contaCts, phllosophy, how-1o·s. and consequences, contact the National War Tax Resistance Co-ordinaung Commill.CC, P.O. Box 858 IO, Seattle, WA 98145. (206)522-4377. MOON DANCE FARM HERBALS • herbal salves, unctures, & oils for birthing &. family health. For brochure, please write: Moon Dance Farm; Rt. I, Box 726; HWTlpLOn, TN 37658. Spiritual Knowledge shared. advice given 10 those who are seeking or m need. Always personal and strictly confidential. Contnbutions acccptod, but never required. Send SASE 10: Circle Communications, Boit 412, Dillard. GA 30537·0412 NATURAL CH1LDBTR1ll CLASES speciallLlng in the Bradley Method. Clas...cs are small and include nuDition physiology, consumerism, parenting skills, and rclaxauon and labor support techniques. For more informa11on call or write Maggie Sa.ch~: 808 Florida Ave.; Bristol, TN 37620. (615) 764-2374. NEW AGE COMMUNITY FOR~IJNG on 57 acr~ of land. Located on sacred Cherokee Stone Mountain. Visions or hc.:iling the c.:inh & our chi ldren. Parcel~ avadable. All Southern Exposure, strong creek runs through middle, with little creeks on either side. Many springs. gentle land. Contact Sue Ann Rmcr, Rt. 2. Box 314, Vila~ NC 28692. SKYLANO • log on 10 the computer bullcun board of the Smokies. Networking, plus news on the cnv1ronmcn1, nature photography, games, computer ullhtics, much mate. Contact M1ch.:Jel Ha,·chn, sysop. (704) 254-6700. ASTROLOGICAL CHART with a.~ct grid and key to astrological symbols. Send SIO, SASE, and btnhda1e (mo/day/yr), b1rthtirne (00:00 AM/PM), and birthplace (cny, Sl.3.te) 10 Star Charts. P.O. Box 18205, Ashev11le, NC 28814-0205. HAWKWrND EARTH RENEWAL CO-OPERA11VE is an 87 acre primitive retreat and working community farm.. Located in the Northern Alabama mountains, just 115 miles northwest of Atlanta. Classes on altcmauve tifcstyles and Nau"e American philosophies nre available on a regular basis. A schedule or events is 0\'311.lblc upon requCSL Healing Arts and Ean.h Renewal gatherings arc planned on a quarterly basis and facitilJCS are available for private organizational use. For infonnntion or catalog of Native crafts & products. call (205)635-6304. MOUNTAIN DULClMERS • made of black walnut, red cherry, or maple. To~ available in wormy ches1nu1. buttcmut, swcc1gum, sassafras, western cedar and olhcr woods. Contact: MU.e Dulcimer Company; Rt. 2, Box 288; Bloumvillc, TN 37617 (615) 323-8489. SPECTRE OF THE WITCH • Call for slides. Artists within a 200 mile radius of Asheville, NC arc invited 10 submit work exploring images of the Witch, from goddess power through feminism. Deadline for reception of slides is September 10th. Send to: "Spectre of the Wnch:" 37 Baltimore Avenue: Asheville, NC 2880 I. ORGANIC BONEY • Tulip Poplar, Sourwood and WildOower. From Patrick County, Virginia. No chemicals, no white sugar, no heat, ever. Strained through cheesecloth and p:ickcd in heavy glass ammng jars. For a 4-ol. sample of our premium sourwood and our catalog, send S4 10: Wade Buckholts & Meg311 Phillips; Rouie 2, Box 248: Stuan, VA 24171. (703) 69-i-4571 STIL·LIGllT THEOSOPlllCAL RETREAT CENTI:R • a quiet ~cc for personal mcchtallon, group interaction through study, and communuy work, and spintual seminar.. Contact Leon Frankel: R1. I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786. Let MEDICINE WIND blow through your mind! Exotic handmade Bomboo FlutcS. rare scales. fine tuned. Free hrocurcs. Wntc: Mcdicl!IC Wind Music: 86 NW 55 SL. Gainesville, FL 32607. RHYTHM ALIVE • Handcrafted African· Style Drums, workshops, learning tapes, drumbags. 311d accessoncs. PIC.1SC send SASE lo Rh)thm Ali\'c!: 85 Phenix Co\·c Rd.: Wcavcrv1lle. NC 28787 {704) 645 3911. V..'EBWORKl?l:G is frtt Send submL~sions to: Ora"'1ng by Rob Mu..ck Kat1illh Jour110/ P.O. Box 638 Lciccster, NC Kattlah Province 28748 S"mmu. 1990 • �Tire Katuah Journal wams ro comm1111icme your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional pro,•ince Send rlzem to us as /euers, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs. ere Please send your co11tribwio11s to 11S or: Katuah Journal; P. 0. Box 638; Leicester, NC; Ka11iah Provillce 28748. "Water is life" is a priflciple with which we are al/familiar. Issue 29 of 11te Katuah Journal will concem i1self wil/1 wa1er and watersheds in 1/ie Sowhern Appalachians - the blessing of water, how it affects 1/ie lives of all of us who live here, and what we can do to protect it. Ariicles deadline - July 20: Edi1orial meeting August 4; i.A)•oUJ - September 8 until... "Jobs" IS a word tha1 is ust!d like a club to silt!nce dis.uni and beat dO\\n tht! impulse for creutivl! living. In tht! .~ense of "right l1velilwod," worJ; ho~ on important place in our lives, and we nud 10 acknowledge its role while questioning how it is used as an instrument of oppre.rsion by the dominant culture. The regional economy is the physicol /oundalion of the l:>ioregionol vision. /low is it being realized? BACK ISSUES OF KATVAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE- SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agriculture • SunOowcrs Human Impact on the Fo!C$1 · Cltildrcns' Educa1ion Veronica N1cholas:Woman 1n Politics • Liulc People - Medicine Allies ISSUETEN-WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers - Circles of Stone • Internal Mythmaking - Holistic Healing on Trial Poems: Steve Knauth • Mythic Places · The Uktcna"s Talc - Crystal Magic · '1)rcomspcalUng" ISSUE FOUR SUMMER 1984 Water Drum • Water Qualily • Kudi.u • Sow Edipse - Cliwcuning · Troul • Going 10 Watet Ram PwnJll Microhydro Poentt: Bennie Lee Sinclair. Jim Wayne. Miller ISSUE FIVE - FALL 1984 Harvest - Old Way• in Cherokee Omscng Nuclear Waste Our Ce.Ilic Heritage Bioregionali1m: Past. Prescn1, and Future John Wilnoty - Hc.alutg Darkness - Poliuc:s of Paniclpation ISSUE SIX WINTER 1984·85 Wmtcr Sobticc Eanh Ceremony • Ilorsc!""'lutc River • Corning of the Light • Log Cabin R00te - Mountam AS""ul111"'; The R1i;ht Crop • Willi= Tl)llnr . The Furur< or th~ Fore.-i ISSUE SEVEN SPRING 198S Swtamable EconomK• Hot Spnng• Woikcr Owmmh1p • The Orcat Economy - Self llclp C"rcdn Union • Wild 1 urkcy • Respo1U1ble Investing • Working m the Web of life ISSUE EIOIIT · SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Katliah 18.000 Years Ago - Sacred S11A:S • Folk Alu. m the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle Poc1m: Hilda Downer ·Cherokee Hcntagc Ccrucr Who 0wm Appd111:hi11 ISSUE NINE· FALL. 1985 The Waldec Forut - The Treu Spe.ak Migr&11ng Forests - HO<$C Logging SWhng a Tree Crop - Urban Trees . Acom Brc.d • Myth ISSUE El.EVEN SPRlNC 1986 Community Planning • Cities and the Biorcgion.al Vision • Recycling - Community Gardening· Aoyd County. VA - Oasobol Two Bion:gional Views • Nuclear Supplement Foxfire Carnes - Oood Medicine: Visions ISSUE THJRTEEN Fall 1986 Cent.er For Awakcnmg Eliu~th Callan - A Oentlc Death - Hospice • Ernest Morgm Dealing Ctcauvcly with Death Home Burial Box • The Woke • The Raven Moeltu Woocblorc and Wildwoods W1..tom • Good Med1cmc: 'Ilic Swc:.it l..udgc ISSUE FOURTEEN · Wm1er 1986-87 Lloyd Carl Owlc • Boog= and Mummers • All Species D•y • C•hm Fever Un1vcrS11y Homcleu in KatUAh - Homemade Hot Water Stovemakct's Narrahve • Cood Medicine: lntenpec;11!r. Communic:1tion ISSUE FIFTEEN Sprmg 1987 Co•crleu • Wom1111 Forester - Susie McM""4n Midwife Ahcmauvc Conuaccpllon • Bio..:xuali1y • Biorcg1onah•m and Women Good Medicine: Mattim-chal Culture · PCtJrl ISSUE SIXTEEN - Summer 1987 Helen Wlitc • Poem: Visions in 1 Carden • Vision Quut • First Flow - IJlitlalion • l..caming in the Wildemcss Cherokee.a Challenge "Valuing Trus" ISSUE EJCIITEEN Wintu 1987-88 Vernacular An:hitcc:ture Drums in Wood and Stone . Mountain Home Elll'1h Encrgiu Earth-Sheltered Living - Membrane Houses • 91U5h Shelter Poems: October Dw:s:k • Oood Medicine: "Shelter" ISSUETWENTY-TIIREE-Spnng, 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet Art Crccn City • Poplar Appeal • "CIClll" Sky" •A New Earth" Bio.ck Swm - Wild Lovely Day.t • Reviews: Sacred Land Sacred Su. Ice /\g«' • Poem: "Suddai Tendrils" ISSUE NINETEEN - Spring, 1988 Perclandra Canlcn - Spnng TonK:S Bl114bcmcs WildOowcr Gardens - Ormny Httbllis1 • Flower Essences · "The Origin of the Animals: Siory. Good Medicine: "Puwcr" - Be A Tree ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR· Summer, '89 Deep l..is1cning - Life in Alorruc City • Direct Action! Tree of Peace Communily Building Peacemakers • Ethnic Survivll - Pairing Project - "Baulcsong" • Orowing Pc111:c in Clllllll'Cll Review: TM Chaliee and IN 8/4de ISSUE TWENTY • Summer, 1988 Pr_..., Appabcli1.,., Wildcmcs:s Hight.nds of Roan Colo Community 1..and Trust • Arthur Morgan School · Zoning luue • 'The Ridge' - Farmcrs md lhc Farm 8111 - Oood Medie1nc: " l..md" • Acid Rain • Dukc"s Power Play · Cherokee Microhydro ProJl.-.:1 ISSUE TWENTY ONE - Fill. 1988 ChcsUluts: A Natural Hmory - Rcstorin& the Chestnut - .. Poem of Preservation and Pr.uc" Continuing t11c Qu.:.st • Forc•ts and Wildlife Chestnuts in Rcg1oruil Diet • Chestnut Resource' • Hctb Note - Oood Med1c1ne: "Ow>gc• to Corne" • Review: W}we vgpiJs Uw1 - - - - - - --- - -- --- - --- - -- - Box 638; Leicester, NC: KatUah Province For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6097 Nrune Regular Membership ........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address City Area Code Summer, 1990 State Phone Number Zip ISSUETWE.NTY.SEVEN • SPRIN0, 1990 Tr1U1Jformohon - llcahni; Po11.cr • rcxc to Their A•hes • Hcalins in K111uah P~m: ''When left to Crow" • Poems: Stcphrn W'm& Tl>< Belly • Food from the Ancient f'arcst ISSUE TWEJIITY-TWO • WintcT, '88419 Global Warming • Fi"' ThiS Time • Thomu Berry on "BiorcglOI\•" • EaJ1h Exctcuc • Kod Loy McWhiru:r - An Abundllncc oCEmpttness LETS Chronicles of Floyd - Oany Wood Th<> Bear Clan rune ~UAH JOURNAL ISSUETWENTY.SIX WINTE.R, 1989.'90 Coming of Age in the Ecoro1c Era • Kids Saving Rainforest · Kids Trcccycling Compau~ . ConOict Resolution - Dc•clnping tl1c Creative Spirit - Birlh Power • Binh Bonding The Magic or Pupp:uy H<>m< Sci-ling • NllllUllf Ceremony Mother Earth's aassroom • CardC'ning for Children Enclosed is$ to give this effort an extra boost I can be a local con1ac1 person for my area 28748 Back Issues Issue#_ .@ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue # _.@ $2.50 = $_ _ rssue # _ @ $2.50 = $ _ _ Issue# .@ $2.50 = $_ _ Issue# ~ _@ $2.50 = $_ _ Complete Set (3-11, 13-16, 18-26) @ $40.00 = s__ postage paid � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 28, Summer 1990 Description An account of the resource The twenty-eighth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on "carrying capacity:" growth, development, and population of human systems in relation to the environment. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Stephen Bartlett, Rob Barron, Will Ashe Bason, Chip Smith, Lee Kinnaird Faween, Marnie Muller, Jim Houser, Patrick Clark, Hectáire P. Condeau, D. Goode, James Rhea, Marie Wood, and Susan Adam. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Carrying Capacity by David Wheeler.......3<br /><br />Setting Limits to Growth: Interview with Dr. Gary Miller | Recorded by David Wheeler.......5<br /><br />What Is Overpopulation? by Stephen Bartlett........7<br /><br />The Road Gang by Rob Barron.......8<br /><br />The Highway to Nowhere.......9<br /><br />Opening Pandora's Box: The I-26 Project by Rob Barron.......10<br /><br />"Caring Capacity" by Will Ashe Bason.......11<br /><br />People and Habitat by Chip Smith and Lee Kinnaird Fawcett.......12<br /><br />Designing the Whole Life Community by Marnie Muller.......14<br /><br />Steady State by Jim Houser.......15<br /><br />Poems by Will Ashe Bason.......17<br /><br />Good Medicine.......20<br /><br />Transporternatives by Patrick Clark.......22<br /><br />Imagining the End of Real Estate by Hectáire P. Condeau.......23<br /><br />Natural World News.......24<br /><br />Man and the Biosphere.......27<br /><br />Drumming: Letters to Katúah Journal.......28<br /><br />Review: Cohousing by Will Ashe Bason.......30<br /><br />Events.......33<br /><br />Webworking.......34<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville</em> <em>Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Human ecology--Appalachian Region, Southern Appalachian Region--Population Regional planning--Appalachian Region, Southern Transportation--Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Black Bears Community Economic Alternatives Electric Power Companies Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Pigeon River Poems Politics Radioactive Waste Reading Resources South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Transportation Issues Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c5ee330c977312a17d828d214a7916e6.pdf 05640bd372243437e62e080e13bbb8ac PDF Text Text ISSUE 32 FALL 1991 $1.50 �Drawina by Rob M~siclt ~UAHJOURNAL PO Bo:,,. 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 Printed on recycled paper Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �CONTENTS Bringing Back !he Fire................. . by David Wheeler A Bil of Mountain Levity................. by Barbara Wickersham 5 Climax Never Came....................... by Henry Wender 7 ls the Southern Appalachian Ecosystem Endangered?.................. by John A. Freeman 9 'Talking Leaves": Sequoyah............ 10 by Tom Underwood Green Spirits: Seed Saving ............. by lee Barnes 12 Walking Dis1a11ce......................... by Will Ashe Bason 13 Angle: Environment...................... by lvo Ballentine 13 Good Medicine: .......................... 14 Poem: "A Rotting Log".................. by Brownie Newman 15 THEGRANOLAJOURNAL.......... 16 Livin' By Their Wits recorded by Rob Messick An Old Family Tale by Bess Harbison BRINGING BACK THE FIRE The Slide by Rob Messick Recorded by David Wheeler How Can You Lose Anything as Big as This Ego? by Maxim Didge, Paintings: "Mountain Stories".......... 18 by Robert Johnson Natural World News..................... 20 Dying Soils, Dying Waters............. by Emmelt Greendigger 22 Songs in lhe Wilderness................. by Char/011e Homsher 24 500 Years of Resistance!................ by Emmell Greendigger 25 Save James Bay.......................... 25 Drumming................................. 26 Off the Grid: Solar Ovens... ,........... by Dennis Scanlin 29 Events..................................... 32 \Vcbworklng.............................. 34 Ka11fah Konfusion....................... 35 foff, 1991 While Walker Calhoun is II/JI the only person working ro keep alive the old Cherokee practices and values, he is definitely one of the people most dedicated to restoring the traditional ways. When he speaks of "the Fire," he means the spark of life irself. and also the spirit behind the Cherokee spiriwal life • so strong in this region until even JOO years ago. But, like the Cherokee white flour corn that was cross-fertilized with the white people's Yellow Dent \•aricty, Walker's spiriwal way also shows traces of the white people's Christian religion. \Vhen I drove 11p 10 Walker's house, he was sitting by a small fire in the side yard. He had a ra1: wrapped around one pa111/eg, and he was Ito/ding lo11g pieces ofriver ca11e over rite blaze until tltcy became pliable. then s1raigluenin1: them across his leg to make blowgu11s. lie stood to greet me. He was a slight 111011 with a ready smile that showed the worn nubs of a few teeth. "let's sit 011 the porch," he said. "It's too hnt to work around this fire anymore." I showed him a copy of rite Kattiah Journal and, ofter consideri11g it a mmure. without further prompting he began talking .. Walker Calhoun: Katuah - that's the name of the tribe. We're not the Cherokee. When lhey wrote a history, they called us the Cherokee, but really we're the Katuah tribe. They've got the Katuah Band in Oklahoma, and lhe Katuah Medicine Society out there. That's our religion· lhe Cherokee religion· the Katuah Society. I'm supposed 10 put the sign up at our stomp grounds we have just a.cross the river up here in Big Cove... the name is the Raven Rock Nighthawk Ceremonial Grounds · Katuah Society. We have dance there every month on the last Saturday. In August we have a big celebration • a Green Com Celebration. We have a big time. I was chosen to bring lhe Everlasting Fire back here to the Eastern band. The reason they picked me was because I was the only one keeping our culture and heritage from disappearing. That's why they chose me to bring the Fire back where ii belongs. I didn't know much about the Fire until three or four years ago. Two men from Oklahoma came and told me. We were sining right here, and these two men came. They mentioned Katunh. One asked me about it, but I didn't know what he meant. It was later when I learned what they were t.1llcing about. Now, the Fire... people misunderstand the Fire. At the ceremonial grounds we've got a mound where the spirit is. We build a Drawing by Rob Messick (con11nucd on page 3) X,ntunf, Journo( pn9c I �~ LJAHJOURNAL A BAD CASE OF EDITORTALSTAPH: Susan Adam Jim Houser Lee Barnes Anomal..ee Heather Blair Rob Messick Emmett Greendigger Mamie ~lullcr Charloue Homsher David Wheeler EDlTORIAL ASSISTANCE: Chris Green Scou Bird and Li'I Matthew... Mountain Gardens Family COVER: by Rob Messick ©1991 PUBLTSHED BY: Kart'iah Journal PRTNTED BY: The Waynesville Mowitaineer Press STATEMENT OF PURPOSE EDITORIAL OFFlCE THIS ISSUE: The Globe Valley WRITE US AT: Kat(iah Journal Box 638; Leicester, NC; Katuah Province 28748 TELE Pl IONE: (704) 754-6097 Divcrsi1y is an imponam clcmcm of biorcgaonal ecology, both nntural and social. In accord with !his principle Katuah Journal Irie.~ to serve as n forum for lhe discussion of regional issues. Signed :iruclcs expross only lite opinion of lite aulhors and arc no1 ncccss:irily 1he opinions of lhc Katuah Journal editors or stllT. The Internal Revenue Service hns dcclnred K01uah Joivnol a non-profi1 organizntion under sccuon 50l(c)(3) or lhe lnicmal Revenue Code. All contributions to Ka,uoh Journal an: deductible from pcrson3l income l:lll. Aniclcs appearing m Ka1uah Journal may be rcprimcd m 01hcr publications wilh permis.~1on Crom lhe Ka1uah Journal slllff. ConUlCl lite journal in writing or coll (701) 754-6097. CORRECTION: m our las1 isssuc (Summer, 1991) lhcrc was an error in lite article •Jack-o-Lanicms, Acid Ram, and the Elcctncal Life of lite Earth." Brown Mountain is aclllally IOC3lcd in Burke and Caldwell Counues of North Carolina. Wltat would the world be, once bereft Of wet and of wilderness? Let them be left, 0 let them be left, wildness and wet; Long live the weeds and the wilderness yet. Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once the Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Southern Plain on this Tun le Island continent of Mother Ela, the Eanh I lcrc, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection LO the spirit of the land. We bring this connection into the being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we listen and we act We tune our lives 10 the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preserve, defend, and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good Hannony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As the land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. Ka11iah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems, and anwork we speak to the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, the human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. The Editors - Gerard Manley Hopkins KATUAH JOURNAL wanes ro communicare your thouglus and feelings ro the 01/zer people in the bioregional province. Send them ro tlS as lerrers, poems, stories, articles, drawings, or photographs, ere. Please send your contribwions ro us at: Katuah Journal; P. 0. Box 638; Leicesrer, NC; Kar(ltlh Province 28748. OUR NEX:r ISSUE is concerned with the role of the element Fire in the life of the mountains...forest Fire, how humans changed the landscape with Fuc, Fire in the heanh, Fire as tool, Fire of the spirit. Please submit all material by October 30, 1991. JC.ati!Qn )ournat pa«Jc 2 THE SPRING, 1992 JSSUE will be concerned wilh "Sustainable Agriculture and Regional Diet." We need your input on topics including: sustainable agriculture (alternative ag., low input, appropriate ag., pennaculturc, biodynamics, etc.); seed-saving techniques; wild-foods and medicinals; regionaVcommunity food production and marketing; seasonal diet and recipes; food preservation; green manures and composting; agroforestry; and especially recommended resources, guides, and contacts. Please send material to Lee Barnes; Box 1303; Waynesville, NC 28786. (704) 452-5716. Ta(t, 1991 �(con1inucd !'tom page I) fire on top. A lot of people misunderstand it they think that we worship the fire. That's not it. The spirit of Fire is in that mound. The Oklahoma people fixed it (put it there). They said that was !he sll'Ongest Fire they had ever fixed. It came from the Redbird Community in Oklahoma. That's the original Fire. They've got some more at other stomp grounds, but they get the spirit from the main one, at Redbird, !he same one that this came from. We've got the seven clans of the Cherokee. We've got seven arbors around the fire, each clan sits in their own arbor, and when we start dancing, each clan comes from their own arbor, and when they quit, they go back to their own arbor. We went a lot of different places to get that place fixed. We went up to Clingman's Dome to get a piece of dirt to put over here. That's where the wisest medicine men of the Cherokee had their meetings. I guess they would go all the way to Clingman's Dome to talk with God. People forget about their culture and heritage, they're going with the rest of the world. The Green Com Dance has been handed down from our forefathers, but it almost went out of existence. It was going down slow. They hadn't done it for about 50 years, until last year. I was just a young boy when they did the lllSl one 50 yean. ugo. 1 remember how they danced. The women would be dancing away from the men, while the menfolks were doing the Green Com Dance. When the men got through, the women came over, and they would stan doing the stomp dance, and then the women would join in. When the menfolk were dancing, they would carry shotguns - each one would have seven shots. They would go around a singer, I believe they'd go around seven times first, just walk it, and then on the eighth round, they'd Stan singing, they'd go completely around, and the second time 'round, at each side the men, they'd shoot, each one. That's the way we did it. When we dance, that's the prayer co God. We've got the Fire on top - smoke takes what we're saying up to God. What we're saying, God is the only One who can understand it. We can't understand it ourselves. Sometimes in Oklahoma they dance all night. That's when there's some reason, like the Green Com Celebration or the Fire's birthday. There was one time at the stomp dancing in Oklahoma, it was broad daylight, it was still going. They ran out of songs, they started singing "Old MacDonald." 0L:J.l:J~ f'n{t. I 99 1 The leader sang, "Old MacDonald had a fann." They answered, "Hee yi, hee yi!" I tell you, when they get warmed up, tlleY_'re airing th~ Fire as they dance, making mouons. They sing songs about God while they're dancing, how they appreciate God. Our Fire's birthday is September 29. That's when it was lit, September 29. The man who lit it, his name was Hickory Star. He was the one who wanted the fire brought back here, he said that this is where it belongs. He just barely made iL He lit tlle fire, went back home - he died there last February. He brought the fire back, and tllen he died. Karuah JourMI: Do you sing old songs at the stomp dance? WC: Yeh. I don't know how old. This was done before white men came to America - way before. That was the way they worshipped. Kl: I'm glad you are starting it back again. It would be a tcnible thing if we lost that. WC: Yeah. They've got a lot ofit back now. Some of it they have in Oklahoma. They know more about it tllan us, of course. The Eastern Band, we just came from the few who escaped and hid in the mountains. When they came back. they didn't have nothing. They took the Fire with tllem out west. The Fire, that was their religion. That's the spirit - it was within 'em. They carried the Fire of the spirit. They staned back doing it. To begin with they did it in secret, because the government didn't allow tllem to do that. But they kept it up. Then the government passed a low about freedom of religion (Native American Religious Freedom Act), and then they came out with it. When I was a boy, I guess about 12 or 14 years old, I always heard my motlier and some of the older people talking about the Fire - the Fire in Oklahoma. l thought tllat they had taken the name of the real fire with them when they lefL That's tlle way a lot of people believe yet. Up at the Mountainside Theater (in Cherokee where the drama Unro These Hills is performed), they've got a name burning, that they bum by gas, I guess, so that's the not the Eternal Flame, for when they want to clean it, they put the fire out. That's a commercinl fire. When they brought it back from Oklahoma they actually carried the fire back. I don't know exactly how they carried it, somehow they kept it burning until they got it to Cherokee. They called on a man in ~ Oklahoma to give them the Eternal Fire. He didn't know what to do. They wanted the Fire, so he gave them a name to bring baclc. He didn't know what to tel1 them. There's a lot of people interested in Indian religion, I don't know why. I guess that they think that they (tlle native people) might be more right The Indians respect the Mother Earth. They respect just about everything in nature. You don't hear of any Indians inventing something to kill people with. They don't even talce part in inventing everything. 1 guess they're thinking it's not right. I believe it's not right, the way white people use their inventions. The first thing !hey do with an invention is they make it into a war material. That ain't right. The Indians, they're not involved in that. Maybe tllat's the reason (white) people think that they (the native people) might be more right. God didn't intend it for that way, when He created Man and the Eartll. We were supposed to share the Earth and get along equally. Everything that the Indian goes by, it makes sense, even the legends. It makes sense, all of it. There's a lot to it. Back when I was a kid, it seemed like they kept everytlling. They kept the culture and the herirage, but it gradually went down. When I found out, I had to decide to bring it back. Nobody was trying. YJ: It's important to save whatever you know. WC: We are trying to keep the ll'llditional way. We don't allow alcohol at the stomp dance - no alcohol, no drugs, and a woman that makes her period (who is having her period) can't take part. KJ: Now why is that? WC: That's just traditional. They can't eat with the rest of the family. they have to have their own plate. And a married couple, staying in the family way, they can't take part in the dancing, either one of them. KJ: Is that the way you do in your house? . WC: No. Like I said, it's going out of ex1Stence. The old-timers said that kept a lot of sickness away. I believe it, because Indian people were bigger people than they are now. Now you see a lot of shon, fat Indians, they used 10 be tall - tall people. So 1 believe that. You don't hardly see a big Indian man anymore. (continued on pa,., 4) �(c:ontinucd from page 3) KJ: Will it help the young people in the tribe to bring back the old traditions? WC: We can't drag 'em. The drunks know that they can't go there (lo the ceremonial grounds) unless they're sober. I believe that's going 10 work out slow. They'll be wanting to go there, but they can't go unless they're sober. I think that's the way it's going to work. J know that there are a lot of 'cm peeping around there. They've been drinking. You can see them way out in the weeds, peeping out. They can't come in, though. Within four days, if they've been drinking, they can't go. KJ: It's good work you're doing, Walker. WC: The first 11me I went 10 Oklahoma, the head man explained 10 me all about how that Fire was kept. While he was explaining it, he said, "As long as you are doing God's wiU. that's all that's required." Well, that's all that's required for anybody anyway. As long as you are doing God's will and believe in Jesus Chris1. KJ: How about the white people, Walker? The Ind fan people have been hcrc a long time, and they have old traditions that they can get back in touch with. But the white people haven't bt-cn here so long, and they don't have such old traditions. ls there anything they can do 10 get back in touch? Cartersville and Albany. Georgia. Instead of having Fire, they had a bale of hay. KJ: That takes the power out of i1. ll's hard to think about in the same way after it's been commercialized. WC: There's another thing: we can't build the Fire unless we use a spark out of a rock. My son's a fueman, he builds fires. A man gave him a striker, it makes a big spark. You can·t use a match or a cigarette lighter. KJ: Do you ever use a bow and drill? WC: No. This man said it wouldn't be right. That's somebody's invention. The spark was 1he real tradiLional thing. KJ: Are you teaching somebody to come after you? WC I don't have to. The spirit's there forever. If I die, 1ha1 won't bother i1. The spirit 1s still there. they know 1he spirit is there, so I don't have 10 Lc:11 1hem how i1's done. lt's the Everlasting Fire. KJ; What else are you trying 10 ,~ach people? (remedies). I'm not a medicine man. A lot of people call me medicine man, but the Medicine Man is down in Cherokee (referring to the Medicine Man Gift Shop). 0aughs) KJ: So these are plant medicines. You don't do any conjuring. WC: No. I don't go for that, it's against my religion ConJuring and religion don't go together. Just like alcohol. KJ: llow did you learn the remedies that you know. WC: From my mother, she taught me. Someone can teach you the different medicines, but even if you understand what kind of medicine a person gets, and you just went and got that same kind of medicine for everybody, it wouldn't be any good. We've got to put our Creator first, because we ain't got power ourselves unless we put God in front. Then we can do it. Thc medicine is just a point of contact. Goel is the One who heals you. I understand that. The medicine is just something 10 get you closer 10 God. If you don't believe in the medicine· no good, it won't do it. You've got to have faith in the medicine, too. / WC: I'm trying to teach medicine, "hat little mcdidnc I know. I ju$t know a few WC: Well. I don't know. They're supposed 10 keep up their tradition. their culture, of whatever they arc. Each nationality should keep their own. KJ: It's hard for white people because they have been away from 1he land for so long. h's been hundreds of years. WC: Thar's like these two men who came from Pennsylvania. They were curious about what l was doing. "Our people ain't got nothin'," 1hey said. "We're just here, that's all." KJ: I think that's why a lot of white people are interested in the native religion, because that's how they feel. It's imponant for everybody tha1 you keep the old customs, the s1 omp dance and all of 1ha1. WC: That's a religious dance, and we can't do Lha1 dance away from the ceremonial ground. The only place is down around the Fire. We can do the other dances 10 honor the animals, the Bear Dance, the Beaver Dance the Quail Dance. But the stomp dances we ' have to do around the Frre. There's one big bunch from the Creek tribe that has commercialized theirs. I saw them do their stomp dance down at Xatuah Journat page 4 WrUTEPATII Moving in10 my solitude, he wrestles me from stolen moments of peace among the grand green pines, golden poplars, and brawny. brown oaks or rides a <1uie1, sure-footed mount along 1he ml.ii that conscience leaves into my sleep ChiefWhitepath moving his people from Georgia. I le doesn't speak, but I can hear others weeping, and often there's a scream of death that deepens his frown. ln his eyes I can read the desperate question "How can so many people rest on the carcasses of murdered souls, and not be thought savage?" · Dtborah J~s ran, 1991 �A Bit E)f Mo~ntain Levity "Laugh and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone; For the sad old eanh must borrow its minh, But has trouble enough of its own." Ella Wheeler Wilcox In the minds of each of us, there are worlds which no longer exist and which we can visit only in memory and in i;haring with others. We cnn not walk the same trail twice. It has been my good fortune, however, to have some of the people of Roan Mountain share their hidden worlds of yesterday with me, especially those of the Depression era. I discovered therein a fascinating culture of isolation, independence, and great good humor. They refer to the Depression years as "hard times but good times" and their wonderful sense of humor seems to have been the glue that kept heads on straight and held families together during those "hard times." Banter, affectionate teasing, story telling, and practical jokes were a way of life . .. and still are. I remember one day when I became hopelessly lost in my ramblings around Roon Mountain. I stopped at an isolated country store. A porch rnn the full length of the small building lllld held a number of ladder-backed chairs. In one of these, tilted precariously against the wall on its two hind legs, sat a very old man eyeing me a bit suspiciously. I C:lrCfully explained my predicament and asked for directions. Without changing expression, he surmized "You can't get there from here." He paused, looked very stem, then a big grin broke his face. A little levity goes a long way toward turning problems into laughter. I must have seemed really uptight. The language of their stories is filled with subtle and not so subtle humor, sometimes even a bit caustic, sometimes it bruised a bit but served as a gentle reminder of what path was allowed. Admonitions such as "Do something, if it ain't nothin' but carry water out of the branch and put it in the creek. It'll keep from wearing the rocks out," indicating that laziness was simply not allowed. For children too young to work in the fields but not out playing, "You're as lazy as a pet pig. If your breathin' didn't come and go by itself, you'd be to0 lazy to breathe." At the table you might bear "Let your vittles stop your mouth" when children got a bit too rambunctious. About someone who got up "feelin' poorly," "He got up cranky and hasn't gotten over it." Then there's "You look like the hind wheels of hard times" and "You sure took your time. You'd a-been a good hand to send for the doctor if the devil was sick." Oaildren were the target of much good natured teasing, a son of initiation rite. Jim Street tells of one such incident when he and his brother Aoyd were on the receiving end of a bit of "funnin'." Will Garland, a close friend of the family, had brought Sam Brinkley to talk with the boy's father about :Foff, 1991 buying some property. Now Sam Brinkley was famous for his long beard that reached to the ground and which he kept carefully stored in a pillowcase tucked inside his shin. The boys, aged four and eight, had never experienced that beard. "We were playing head and beard. h skeerd us so bad we run and jumped in the hog pen with the hogs. We couldn't find no place else to hide. Daddy then came and got us out and said Will, quit skeering these boys: they're already crazy enough.' Garland was always aggravating and making cornstalk horses," Jim said. us, telJing us these big stories about what was going to catch us and everything. Ever time I seen Brinkley auer that, he'd laugh, but Floyd never did like him much." Floyd was a born prankster himself. Hear this one: Visiting preachers, especially during camp mecrin's, wen: regular visitors at the Street family table. One day when there see~ 10 be an especially large number of them and the children were having to wait second table, the fried chicken seemed to be disappearing at an alarming rate. Young Floyd peered around the dining room door and called to his mother, "Don't let 'em eat all the chicken, Mom!" Turning, he ran out into "We'd cut off a long piece and make his head and we'd use a little stick or a slip off that comswllc and make his neck and stick it on that and then put on his legs and tail and his mane and everything and we'd have cornstalk horses. That's what we were busy a-doing and we didn't think they was anybody around. So Will Garland talked Brinkley into sticking his beard around an apple tree and a-scarin' us. We didn't know they was anybody in a mile. He was about maybe fifty feet away. We didn't sec him and he stuck his head around that tree and Garland said 'Oh yes, I've got you this time' and he was hid and all we could sec was the old man's (COlllllluod on page 6) Xnti1af1 Journat page S �(coounucd l'rom piigc .S) the night. 1 don't know if he go, a~y chicken or not! Humor was not always up front, and as Malone Young so aptly put it, "Old time lying wasn't really a vice. Land Sakes! Life would have been dull as a froe if people didn't stretch the truth," Storytelling was a real an. Old men would sit around the country store and see who could top the next one or swap stories at bean stringin's or com i;huckin's. During interviews, I was not always sure if the story I was hearing was true or not. One day I asked, "Is this really a true 5tory?" The answer came quickly "Honey. if I'm a-I yin'. I'll tell you." He didn't say when. Sometimes the story would be quite true, such as this one told by Howard Shell, but in order to make them interesting they might end with a funny questionable twist. Howard was sining in the swing on his front porch when I askc-0 him about witches. Ile immediately got a mischievous linlt: twinkle in his eye and 10ld me his mother was a great believer in witches. The story goes that she was having difficulty geuing the milk to chum and decided chat her cow was bewitched. She and her son built a big bonfire. Then she went to the woods and got two haw branches. stripping the thorns to make a good handhold but leaving them on the ends. She put her daughter on one side of the fire and her :;on on the other. As she poured the milk into the fire. they beat it with the haw br.inches and the cow wa.,; cured. Then he told me their chickens became sick nnd his mother decided they were bewitched. Again she built the big bonfire, put one of the sick chickens into a bag and threw it onto the fire alive. I waited expectantly for the rest of the story which didn't come. Finally I asked warily, "Well. did they get un-bewi1ched?" "I don't remember," he replied wilh a sly grin. One charming lady has taken practical joking 10 a long-running high. We'll call her Anna 10 pro1ec1 the innocent. Anna is married 10 a very serious, reserved, channing holiness preacher. bm ,his did not deter her yen for fun. Let's call her husband Joe. Every year, come April Fool's Day, Anna auempted 10 play a joke on Joe and much 10 his chagrin, she always succeeded. Joe logged and farmed, was generally hardworking and steady as you go. His horses were of much value and importance to him and were greatly cherished. Early one April ls1. Anna slipped ou1 of bed early,ju~t :11 daylight. went outside and came rushing back into the bedroom screaming that the horses were tangled in the barbed wire and were cuuing themselves badly. Joe, who slept only in his wherewithals, rushed out into the frosty. cloud-heavy morning, only 10 find 1ha1 he had been taken again. The next year he threatened 10 whip the children if they helped their mother play her linle game. Anna had been after Joe 10 move a hig pile of logs stacked in !he yard because she was afraid the children would get hun playing on 1h·em. but 10 no avail. There they were. stacked 100 high for safety. Before anyone else was up. she wen, 0111 into the yard. pushed 1he logs over so they rolled in every direction. then carefully maneuvered herself under two of them in a way 10 appear badly hun. When one of the children peered out the window and saw her, he screamed for his father. When Joe saw what he- thought had happened, he leaped through the window 10 run 10 her rescue. only 10 have her sit up when he go! there and say "April Fool!" Could you live with a woman like that? He has for some 60 years! Another one of her delightful stories in\·olved "siuing up with the body." The custom was when a person died, the body was kept a1 the home until it w~ interred. During 1ha1 time. even a, night, friends and relatives "sat up." One such night Anna was a bit bored and she looked around for some mischief needing to be done. She saw two very pious women sining in straight chairs leaning against the wall - sound ash:ep! She took some soo1 from the chimney, mixed in a The air is fine for it gives me what J need to live •• .~· $' ~: ::: .•. \ · The water is my mother for it holds me as she would in dream ~ .• Fire is my pride and foe for when it snaps it says it will overtake me ... .•. ·• . .•. And stone, stone is my best friend for it shows me the hardness of the world -1.smanl Cirino JI I I h •,. . -~. • Hard Scrabble .!. the ground I stand on I by Barbara Wickersham .• ! . as it prepares I The judge could no! solve ii and the man went free. It was later solved: 1-Ie had killed his wife, dug a hole 10 put her in, and his name was Fox. And then chere's the story about the man who had 100 much moonshine anti killed his cat ... bu1 we'll save that for another time! They still remember, these people of 1he mountain~ and they laugh and share their funny stories. I love 10 laugh and r did so enjoy listening - hope you did 100. / • •• .•· The earth is good t 1 \' Riddle 10 my riddle to my right, Guess where I srayed las, Friday night. The wind did blow and my hean did ache To see what a hole that fox did make. .. ·· ·· · . .... .•..~·......-.:•:•:•:•:•:•:·........·•..•.... ..·•· ....•. ... The Elements Xotimf, Jou1 nnC pn9c 6 little water, and painted their faces lndian style No one would betray the culprit v. ho had done the dastardly deed! Recently Anna 1old me she asked one of the women if !hey wanioo 10 know who did it. The lady replied "No, not now. I might get angry all over again." So Anna didn't tell - and her secret is cenainly safe wi1h me. Long hours of plowing. hoeing com, chopping wood, washing, cooking, etc. se1 these very bright people of devious minds to crca1ing riddles. An nnicle about their humor would be incomplete without a, least shanng one nddle with you. Here is my favori1e story of riddles shared (supposedly a true story). The wife of a man who lived back in the deep woods had disappeared without a 1rnce. Her family became concerned and there was an investigation. The man was brought before a judge and accused ofkilling his wife. Apparently the judge musr no, have been ahoie1her sure of his guih and he 10ld the man if he could make a riddle tha1 the judge could not solve. he could go free. Here is the riddle: ·• .•..•. ... ............ ·•· • ·~ • Appalachian mountainside, more rocks than grass. Three cows graze sideways round, short legs up hill, long legs down. Farmer says there's green enough to put milk in their faucets, and maybe there'll be milk enough to put green in his pockets. { ._. ::: ~: } •. ~ •. .•· .. ·•· .. ..... ·•· -Mlba Barr. e . .......·-•:•:•:•:•:•:•·.........,;.•· . •· .• • · • .. rnff., ,.19!1 I 1 . '1 �CLIMAX NEVER CAME have ever been in an old-growth forest thm contains tulip trees, you can see that they have a Iarger crown than other species, Like hemlock, sugar maple, or beech. And as tulip trees fall over. they create an open patch that is bigger than a gap left by one of the other tree species. Intermediately tolerant or even intolerant ttecs that wouldn't come up in the space left by a sugar maple or a beech, come up in the gap made by a fallen tulip tree. So even in an old-growth forest you can have a (OMlinncd on~· 8) by Henry Wender The idea of a "climaxfores1" has been an appealing one w sciemists interested in validating the idea of a 1111mral order in the world. It has also been a term usedfrequelll/y in the pages of the Katuah Journal to describe the old-growth hardwoodfore.\'l. Now it appears that n111ybe there has never been a climax forest in the Southern Appalachians, that the theory is too restrictive to accurately describe the dynamic processes of na111re in the mowuain highlands. JIere is a report on the controversy Scientists looking back at the magnificent hnrdwood forest that once covered the Southern Appalachian Mountains felt a sense of awe at the splendor of the big trees. The old forest had a feeling of permanence and "rightness" I.hat was justified by the observation of "succession" among forest plants: after a disturbance smaller, fast-growing plants repaired ecological damage and prepared the site for larger tree species and their accompanying understory vegetation. The dominant uces and the plants associated with them were termed the "climax forest," for these trees were shade-tolerant 10 some degree and succeeded themselves in the forest canopy. It seemed that unless an outside disturbance threw the forest back into an earlier stage of succession that the dominance of ccnain tree sP-CCies was inevitable. Certain species appeared 10 be ideally adapted 10 the conditions of the region and. unless interrupted, could maintain their reign perpetually (or at lea.st until the conditions of the cnvironml!nt changed). Succession, the scientists said, always reached a climax: "a self-reproducing 1cm1ina community." As with almost any abwlute statement in science, contradictions began 10 appl!ar within the idea of the climax forest. During the 1970's, scientific questioning turned into open revolt. One of the leaders of the rebellion was Dr. Peter S. White, then a researcher for the National Park Service at th Uplands Field Research Laboratory ,n the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. White is now the director of the Nonh C-irolina Botanical Gardens maintained bv th, University of Nonh Carolina at Chapel I iill. In a conversation in his office. he spok, about how his observations clashed with the climax theory: " 11tey (the climax thcorhts) would pn.-dict that in time a cenain cove site would become a hemlock forest or a beech forest. But th:it ~ocs nor happen everywhere without interruption. "Fire is an example in many ecosystems. but 10 use an even subtler example, tulip trees (locally known as yellow poplar) are shade-intolerant, early successionaJ trees. They colonize where there is on abundance of resources and nutrients and light and water. 'Tulip trees have a large crown. If you :ft1CC. 1991 Phoio by Rob Meutck Xatum, Journot PCIIJe 7 �of climax. They_ inU'Qduced "Polycli~cs," a mosaic ot different climax situations across the same landscape, and even "dis-climaxes," climax situations based on recurrent patterns of disturbance. Others referred to climax as an ideal situation that was valid for an (ainunucd frum pqc 7) persistent succcssional tree, just because of their great size. "So the ultimate progression towards climax would occur only in some rare situations. It docs happen. In a deep ravine, it CARIHEAN ISLANDS GIJ' MOOE LS ,-,....... $MALL WATERSHEDS DOMINICA CUBA ' ' r--"---, RECREATIONAL FOREST IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS 1 .. 111* C C w ~ • C ~ ,,. ----,\ 1010 C ,r, 0 OIUIIRICANES HITTING CIRCULAR ISLANDS I / \ EFHCTIVELY NONEOUILtlRIUM LANOSCAl'ES E . . -1"---- \ -- / I ""' C 10• } AUSTRALIAN ~REST FIRES FIIQM 1954 ,.,, IIY YEAR . __ ..., } } ) IJ''ALACHIAN WILDFIRES AREA IN THE 11.tlNGES OF COMMERCIAL A\ISTIIALIAN ~IYSl'ECIES Sc.le of dinurbonce and ICale of bnclscapcs for •umple ecosyslefflS. The hne between lhc dTcctive.ly nonequihliriwn and 111c quai-eqwlibri1m 1.-,d,apcs is based 011 a SO: I ratio of landsape cn:a to diJllllt)enu au. Cornbina&ions of disn.wbance and laidscape scales illu.waied uc: (a) Trerfalls Oii imall W111Cn!w,ds; (b) W'llcl!n, on ama11 walaShcds; (c) WildfiRS on reaeaiioml foruu: (d) AIISlnliln Corua ms on I.be nmie of Auslnlli111 £colyp1i,s specie$; and (c) Hurtian<s OC1 Carribc:m hllnds. (from A Theory of Forest Oynamies by Herman H.Shup.rt) might just be shady enough that hemlock is able to exclude any intolerant plants eventually, providing there is freedom from fire or hurricanes. So in a cenain sense there could be dominance by a few of the most shade-tolerant species. But in most other cases, I think thar that end-point of succession was still a mixed forest which never quite got to climax." Key to the idea of climax was the qualification "unless interrupted... " In climax theory, disturbance, even natural disturbance, was looked on as "endogenous," something that came from outside the system and interrupted the "normal" progression 10 a stable climax. White and his scientific allies maintained that disturbance was a natural occurrence in the life of most forests and needed to be included in any theory of forest dynamics. 'There was a certain sense that evolution creatcS ctiversity," White said, "There is a reason why early-succession plantS such as birch, pin cherry, or blaclcberrics evolve in a system. and that reason is that there is periodic disturbance, so it felt that 10 look only at the end-point was the wrong focus." In nature, it is said, "change is the only constant," and trying 10 deny disturbance an integral role in the forest ecosystem seemed 10 be setting up a Static model lhat left out the clement of change. Scientists defending climax recognized this, and they began to redefine the concept Xawan Journat - • , J. ". h. t P™Je 8 environment whether it actually occurred or nOL There came to be so many "climaxes" that, in the eyes of White and his cohons, the concept lost its meaning. "Every species is climax in that it evolved within some environmental setting and is extant within that setting," he wrote in 1979 (emphasis added). A nonhem hardwood forest setting provides an example. The dominant species, such as beech or sugar maple, depend on a shady, liner-covered forest floor to germinate their seeds. They are slow colonizers but are very tolerant of shade and play a waiting game. sitting as small saplings in the understory until an opening appears, when they use their height advantage and leap 10 fill it. While these species arc clearly dominant, other early-succession species persiSt. Yellow birch has light seeds which it disperses widely, starting many seedlings on I.be forest floor. But these seedlings arc completely eliminated, except for those which manage to take root on disturbed soil or on moss mats covering rotting logs or rocks from which they drop trailing roots 10 the forest floor. The fire cherry has persistant seeds that live a long lime in the soil, waiting for a ctisturbancc 10 open a gap in the upper canopy. By such strategics, these "early-succession" species, although never dominant, keep their place in the the northern hardwood forest. When larger gaps open up, the "climax species" arc out-competed by stands of the fas1-growing, light-loving trees. Rather than a linear model always approaching the goal of a final climax, 1his appears to be a shifting balance of different species competing amid a constantly changing set of conditions. "Dynamic equilibrium" or "patch dynamic equilibrium" is how White describes this continuing process. He mentions the work of Herman Shugan, a professor at the University of Virginia. ln his book A Theory of Foresr Dynamics, Shugan modeled a forest with disturbance patch size (maybe a burned area plus the gaps opened by fallen trees) on one axis and the total landscape siz.c on the other axis. If the total siz.e of the disrurbanccs was one-fiftieth of the size of the forest, Shugan said that the forest was in a state of "quasi-equilibrium." If the disturbance area included more than one-fiftieth of the forest, Shugart said that the forest was in "disequilibrium." Shugart also drew some conclusions about habitat ctiversity by examining patch sizes on a landscape over time. ln his model, maximum ctivcrsity was obtained when one-fiftieth of the landscape was stirred up by small, concurrent disturbances. On the other band, a single massive disturbance, like a hurricane or a large fire, would not produce that same diversity of habitats, because the character of the whole forest would be altered. This analysis is more relativistic and flexible than the traditional climax model because it incorpocatcs disturbance as pan of the picture rather than trying to exclude the influence of change. It can also give a picture of relative stability. While there is constant change and constant activity happening at the local level, seen from a wider viewpoint a forest's rate of food production, the average amount of biomass, or the average size of animal populations may bold steady over an extended period of time. 'That equilibrium." says Peter White, "since it has changclessncss within change, could be seen as a climax landscape. It's a big landscape with lots of inctividual local dynamics, but they're all canceling out over the whole. One could call that climax. "Historically, the tenn 'climax' would not have been applied 10 the patch dynamics equilibrium, but given freedom from people, and a constant equilibrium on a larger scale, there is a stable landscape configuration that could develop." Change is constant The key is balance. This viewpoint frees our minds from a linear and goal-oriented perspective. lt integrates the forest species and the forces that influence them together into a larger whole. In this view of evolution, the cycles of successfon yield stability in its time while providing necessary diversity to meet the challenge of unceasing change. Thuw to Or. Peter White for I.he infonnation ror this arti<;lc. For more in-depth infonnalion. - his article -Pattern. Process. and Natural Diswrbancc in Vcgctation" in The Botanical Rrv~. Vol. 4S, No. 3 (Swnmcr. 1979) and TM &oleo ofNOlrval Distrvbana and Pasch Dyll(tlflia. edited by S. T.A. Piclcca and Peter While (Academic Press, 1985). f"n(L, 1991 �.. 1 IS THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN ECOSYSTEM ENDANGERED? by John A. Freeman The Southern Appalachian area is one of the beauty-spots of Earth. Yet there are signs that this ecosystem is in trouble, that it is breaking down, perhaps much more rapidly than we are used to thinking ecosystems can. There is ample evidence that ecosystems break down quite rapidly due to stresses from overuse or abuse. Ln early classical Greece, trees were so abundant that the land was basically forest with isolated clearings. Yet within two centuries trees were uncommon enough that travelers mentioned individual trees or small groves as guidepost~ along their routes ln the American West 130 years ago, travelers described the grasses as reaching halfway up 1he sides of their horses. Today, some of these areas seldom have grasses more than a few inches tall and the carrying capacity forcanle has been reduced by perhaps 98 percent. But surely our beautiful area wi1h its forests is not on tha1 slippery slope,. Or is ii? Fifty years ago, as a graduate student at Chapel Hill, I chose 10 use three common aquatic snails in a research project. One basis for the choices was that they were readily availnble in nearby srreams - I could collec1 1he seveml dozen of e;ich that l neede.c;I in a matter of minu1es. Fifteen years later, in. Piedmont ponds two of the snails were common. The third, always found in small streams and pi:eviously common throughout these mountains, was rare. In 1956 r saw the last one I have seen in this area. Six or seven years later, the pond snails had almost disappeared from the ponds where 1 once collected them in large numbers. By 1he mid-'60's, even superficial observation showed that stoneflies and mayflies were much reduced in the areas r visited. Except for fishermen, most people would not be concerned about the decimation of these insects. However, the fact that they are major sources of food for trout gives them significance. Their loss has been responsible for the need of frequent stocking of trout streams 10 enable tr0u1 fishing in most of the area. Other small creatures nre rare in many areas wbere they were once common. Some that come 10 mind are snakes and other reptiles, and a wide range of amphibians (frogs, toads, and salamanders) which, as a whole, I estimate have been reduced in numbers by perhaps 99 percent. Many songbirds are also much reduced in recent years. Taking a longer historical perspective, the top predators were reduced 10 only token levels many years ago. Wolves, for example, were once important in the balance among animals in our area. Now, in an effort to restore some semblance of balance. red wolves are being reintroduced. The predatory birds (eagles, hawks, owls, etc.) were once reduced to small populations but fonunately with some suppon by humans are makmg comebacks. :fa(£, 1991 In recent years, among the most conspicuous changes have been among trees, especially Fraser firs and spruces at higher elevations, such as Mount Mitchell. As yet less dramatically affected arc various oaks, pines, dogwoods and 01her trees extending thing of the past, possibly within decades and almost surely within a century. What can be done, if anything, 10 get our beloved area off the slippery slope? Unfortunately, about the only rhing we can do locally is 10 apply as many "bandaids" down into the valleys. That we have some explanations - or tentative explanations - of the changes we sec docs no1 reduce the fact or significance of the.c;e changes. Based on my own per;onal, though not systematic, observations, I conclude that our Appalachian ccosys1ems are under attack. Once the slippery slope of ecosystem degeneration i.~ reached, ecosystem breakdown can be rapid. It leads 10 a nc:w and different system that develops rapidly unless remedial steps are taken promp!ly and vigorously. The new ecosystem has a lower tot.ill life suppon capacity than the original from which it developed. My conclusion is qualitative, not quantitative: based on my observntions over a lifetime in the Appalachian and nearby areas, our ecosystems are already onto tha1 slippery slope leading to dramatic changes, including towered productivily. Just when sharp and dramatic changes will come is unccnain, as it is uncertain just whru the changes will be. Unless dramatic steps are taken soon, the ecosystems we know and enjoy will be a as possible, for the basic causes of the problem are much more widespread. Any steps which lower the pollutants known as acid rain or acid precipitation will help. Global wanning and the depletion of stratospheric ozone are widespread problems 1hat require more than local actions. Fonunately, there is developing wide intereSt in this country, especially at non-governmenllll levels, in these problems. Accords and bws mandating changes are ei1hcr already in effect or arc being developed. Grassroots activists instinctively ask a crucial question: "What is there for me 10 do?" Fonunately, there.arc several overlapping areas in which we can be effective. Foremost, in my opinion, is increasing awareness on the pan of the public and of government officials that the mauer i~ critical and that we cann0t afford to wait until all is kTiown about such matters as what causes damaged vegellltion. Drawing by Rob Messick (COIIIIIIUed on page 24) 1Gatuah Jo1..rnn£ PCMJC 9 �uTalking Leaves"·· 1 ,,, The Life and Influence of Sequoyah based on an interview with Tom Underwood Sequoyah was unquestionably a genius. He developed an 86-character syllabary of the Cherokee language that enabled his tribe to become the only one of the North American Indian tribes 10 become literate. Sequoyah's invention allowed the Cherokees to publish a tribal newspaper and preserve many of their old teachings and beliefs in written form. He is the only man in recorded history known to have devised a system of writing without knowing how to read or write in any language. Sequoyah was born in eastern Tennessee sometime around 1776, the half-breed son of a while man named Nathaniel Gist and a daughter of one of the Cherokee chiefs at the village of Echota. There has been much discussion among historians about his parentage, but today there is little doubt that Gist, the son of a prominent Virginia family, was Sequoyah's true father. Gist was a friend of George Washington, and it is said that he was working secretly for Washington, looking for purchasable land in Tennessee. He lived with the Indians for quite some time at the Echota village. He did not leave there until the Revolutionary War, when there was discussion in the Virginia legislature of d~laring him a traitor because he was living with the Cherokee who were actively aiding the British. Gist traveled to Virginia and presented himself before the legislature. He told them that he was not a British sympathizer and that he would recruit Cherokee to the colonial cause. He brought 14 Indians to fight for the colonists, but he did not return with them to E~hota. After the independence was declared, Gist settled in Ohio, and his family became respected leaders of their time - one was a congressman, another became a well-known innkeeper in Washington. After Sequoyah had invented the syllabary and was on business in Washington, he visited the Gist family on one occasion, evidently at their invitation, and was accepted by them as Nathaniel's son, George Gist. Some of the best written information on Sequoyah is included in an odd collection of documentS on the Cherokees compiled by a white man named John Howard Payne. Payne was a contemporary of Sequoyah and transcribed first-hand n:collcctions of the man. "The Payne manuscript," as it is known, says that Sequoyah's family on his mother's side "was of high rank in the nation. The famous John Waus was one of them. Two of his uncles were men of great distinction - one of the two was named Tah-lon-tee-skee (the overthrower), and the other Kahn-yah-tah-hee (the first to lcill). "Kahn-yah-tah-bee was the principal X.Otuah Journal pac.,s 10 chief of Old Echota, the ancient town of refuge, over which he presided, He was called The Beloved Chief of All the People.' 1t was his exclusive duty and delight 10 be a peace preserver. "During some public assembly, there was an onset of the whites, notwithstanding it was a time of profound peace, and all the Tndians fled, excepting Kahn-yah-tah-hee and another chief, of whom there was some distrust in the nation. They were both in the square where the ceremonial had been gone through. Kahn-yah-tah-hce arose from his scat, and with a white flag waving, met the marauders as they broke into the square. Both chiefs were murdered brutally on the spot. "Some days subsequently, the invaders having withdrawn, the people returned. Carrion birds had devoured the body of the one chief, but that of the other, Kahn-yah-tah-hee, the Beloved of All, was untouched, and unchanged even in death. His hand still grasped the violated Flag of Peace, and upon his dead lips lingered a benignant (sic) smile." Se.quoyah grew up a Cherokee and identified with his tribal heritage. He never learned to speak English. He had no wish 10 learn the white people's language. Even after ~eh~ invented the ~yllabary and was being interviewed for a sencs of newspaper articles !n Washington. he spoke through an interpreter. The boy and his mother lived at Echota until he was 11 years old and then moved down to Wills Town, in nonheas1ern Alabama. He never showed signs of his genius when he was a child. He was 100 busy helping his mother find a means of survival. She ran a small trading post and outfitted fur trappers on credit. Young Sequoyah would go out in the forest 10 pick up the furs owed to her for payment. He was alone much of the time. He learned self-reliance and supplemented the family's meager larder by hunting. When he was older, he learned several trades. He was a silversmith for a time. The Cherokee loved 10 decorate themselves with fine jewelry - ear and nose rings, armbands, bracelets, gorgets, and chains, and Sequoyah became proficient at creating these ornaments out of silver. He prevailed upon a white man 10 write his name in English and engraved his signature on each piece of his work. He also began 10 draw and was highly regarded among the tribespcople on this account. He latertumed to blacksmithing. But he was never much of a farmer; he never could get interested in hoeing com. It was also said of Sequoyah that he was "greatly considered among all the handsome women." The Payne manuscript tells us: "...when he discovered that he was so greatly considered among the handsome women, he began to pay less attention to his employment He neglected his silver worlc and his drawing and went about visiting one and another, and every day he had more and more friends. The young men were always pleased to see him coming where they were. When he would arrive at any place where a number of them were assembled around their boule, they would call out to him, 'My friend, my friend, let us drink whiskey together... ' "But at that time he drank only water; though he would. when thus invited, always go fetch a quart bonlc of whiskey. and give it 10 his friends and then wait and let them drink it by themselves. He went on thus for a long while, but was at length tempted now and then to taste a little with his friends - and soon, a little more: until at last. he would often get tipsey (sic) with his friends: whereupon his friends increased upon him so fast, that instead of a bottle, he would have to bring a three gallon keg for their supply, and he would make them all drink with him, until the keg was empty." One night Sequoyah and a couple of his friends went to a Bible reading. They listened, and going home that night they talked about how wonderful were the "talki.ng leaves," as the Cherokee described pages of paper. To them the pages of a book sounded like leaves rustling in the wind. Sequoyah's friends said, "This is a wonderful gift of the Great One to the white man. We could never have this." He said, "1 could do this." They laughed at him. "No, you couldn't do that," they said. He said, "I can do it I can find a way to make the talking leaves speak in Cherokee. They laughed again and said, 'You're crazy.''' That set him off. Sequoyah went to work. He first tried 10 devise symbols to make sentences, then symbols to make words. Everything wound up too compli_cated. He started over again trying 10 figure It all out. From when he began, until it was completed, Sequoyah worked off and on creating his syllabary for over 20 years. He eventually broke the Cherokee language down into 86 basic sounds and assigned a symbol for each. He could not devise enough signs 10 designate the different sounds. so one day when he found a discarded newspaper, he picked symbols from the pages and adopted them into his own system. That is why some of the characters in the Cherokee syllabary appear familiar to English-speaking people. Sequoyah would become absorbed in his work and retire to a small outbuilding on his propeny to ponder on the syllabary for long periods of time. He abandoned his farm fields completely and left the raising of crops and family entirely to his wife. She became infuriated about this project that was taking her husband away from his responsibilities. One day, when his work was almost completed, she burned his little building with all his notes while he was away from home. But he would not quit He staned over. No one else in the tribe believed in his work. The other members of his community disrrusted his long periods of solitary labor. The word began to go around that Sequoyah was engaging in witchcraft He was losing the respect that he had gained in the community. Finally one day a friend named fo(t, 1991 �tribal council, Sequoyah received wide recognition. Now a famous man, he remained quiet and withdrawn. The Payne manuscript described him as follows: "His manners were never forward and are now become somewhat reserved. lt can be seen that his mind is always busy within him, and, especially when smoking, he seems absorbed in thought. He is thin and above the middle heighL 1n dress he :idheres 10 the old costume of the nation, but without ornament; wears the turuc and robe, leggings Tunle Fields came ro visit Sequoyah. The Payne manuscript recounts what to0k place: "'My friend,' Turtle Fields said to him, 'my friend, there are a great many remarks made upon this employment which you have taken up. Our people are much concerned abour you. They think you are wasting your life. They think, my friend, that you arc making a fool of yourself, and will be no longer respected.' "Gist replied, 'Lt is not our people who Cherokee Syllabary Da -$-ga t ho 'Vha W,a ,/"ma Re l"ee T. rhl' .oh, f ,e Ctme f ,, H m, 0 n l.hnaGnah J\.n a e Yii, Iln, Q Que 'fqu, l::fsa OUs 4 ,e h s, W,.. d1a .Ct1d i G,.a G.wa tDva ~ mo J'mu ,,,. . , 4 nu O'nv quo le}quu f; quv ½$0 If'$, Rs., Z no ~ qua t da . Ou J.., A eo J gu .Egv J.lho r hu &-hv G,o M,u 4 1 v o)o I Sde't1e .,L ] ,, Vdo Sdu I ~ do L ,,p C,11 ,J ,,o -'i'P 11u P 11v lr,s, K ,so cJ,su C ,sv 'J',se /Jwu 6w v 4£JWL' J3ve nv fi vo Gvu Bvv have advised me to this, and it is not therefore our people who can be blamed if 1 nm wrong. What 1 have done I have done from myself. If our people think lam making a fool of myself, you may tell our people that what ram doing will nOl make fools of them. They did not cause me to begin and they shall not cause me to give up. If I am no longer respected, what l am doing will not make our people the less respected, either by themselves or others; and so I shall go on, and so you may tel1 our people."' We sometimes call Sequoyah's symbols an alphabet, but 11 is actually a syllabary, which correctly describes a system of signs for the sy11ables of a language. lf one knows Cherokee. it is fairly simple to learn Sequoyah's symbols and write the words of the language. Not many go 10 the trouble 10 do it anymore, but the fin;t person Sequoyah taught was his six year old daughter. She was the one who demonstrated his system to the governing council of the Cherokee nation. When Sequoyah t0ok his syllabary to the council, the members refused 10 believe it. It was 100 complicated, they said. There were too many sounds. They would never learn it. He said, "h's so simple 1ha1 that I have taught my six-year old daughter to use it." They put him to the test. She wrote down what they said while he was out of the room, and when he came back, he read ii. After the syllabary was accepted by the rnrt, 1991 ~ WI ~ WO sometimes of buckskin, sometimes of blue cloth - moccasins instead of shoes - and a turban." By this time there was intense pressure on the Cherokee from white people who wanted their land. Sequoyah left Alabama with a group led by Chief John Jolly and settled in Arkansas. He worked some salt springs and taught the written language 10 the Cherokees there. At one time, there were more literate Otcrokees than there were literate white people in Arkansas! When the first Cherokees forced to travel The Trail of Tears arrived out west m 1839, there was much resentment among the earlier settlers because "the newcomers" were talcing up the land. There was violent dissension that threatened 10 destroy the tribe. and Sequoyah turned his talents and reputation toward the causes of peace and tribal unity. The tribal leaders met and decided 10 write a constitution that all factions could abide by Sequoyah was elected president of the group, and if not for his presence, there probably would have been much more trouble, because he was a man who did not take sides and did not harbor grudges. He was a leader and a man of peace, and it turned out that he had great powers of diplomacy. When the constitution was negotiated, the Cherokee moved all their belongings 10 Oklahoma. Scquoyah's final trip was a mission to Mexico undenakcn when he was about 67. He journeyed the<e to bring a whole village of Cherokee people back to Oklahoma.. The group had starte.d west without a guide during the Removal, and had wandered down the wrong river and ended up across the border. ln seeking for them, Sequoyah died in the small town of San Fernando, Mexico in 1843. ••• Words become only insO'Umencs, expressions. The written syllabary significantly changed the world of the Cherokees, but it is difficult even now to give a definitive analysis of the impact that Sequoyah, singlehandedly, had on his tribe. I think that will have to wait for future historians. But one thing is clear: Sequoyah wanted his people to be able to read and write like the Europeans, and through his genius and his efforts he allowed the Cherokees 10 have their own written language. It gave them a chance to read, and many Cherokees became better informed than their own white neighbors. They took pride in that. and they took pride in the fact that it was their tribesman Sequoyah who had made ic possible. Once the syllabary was widely circulated, the tribe installed a printing press in a log cabin office at the tribal capital at New Echota. It was set with specially cast type and printed documents and a bilingual tribal newspaper. TIie Cherokee Phoenix. There followed translations of the Bible, hymnals, and prayer books in10 Cherokee. After the Removal, literate Cherokees sent leners back and forth between Oklahoma and the Eas1. Directly or indin:ctly, the printed word broadened the horizons of every member of the Cherokee tribe. It gave the Cherokee a significant advantage over other Native American aibcs. Because they could read their own language, they were able to become acculturated ro white society easier than the other native people. That gave them a better chance of survival in the world they had to face. Of course, this acculturation had its negative effecL~. 100. In some areas the new literacy increased the jealousy of some of the Cherokees' white neighbors. And at the same time that it was increasing the Cherokees' pride and sense of tribal accomplishment, literacy was also helping to destroy traditional foundations of tribal society. lndividual Cherokees became confused about who they were and turned their back on their native heritage. As the Cherokee Bibles and prayer books helped to gain convcns to the Olristian religion, the power of the medicine people was eroded and the ages-old spiritual life withered away. But because ethnologiSt James Mooney found small journals in which Cherokee medicine people had ~ e d their magical formulas, he was able to preserve a written record of ancient lore that was lost to many of the other tribes. Other valuable information wrincn in Cherokee was preserved as well. There are medicine chants written by Bird Partridge in the Museum of the Cherokee Indian that were written in the native language, and I am sure I.hat there were other items of the same natuTC. (0l>lllinlled <lll P-'CC 24) 1'ati1 fl Jour nd. a po(JC 11 �GREEN SPIRITS: Human societies, cultures, and cuisines originally developed around the ecological cycles of plant growth and dormancy. seed set and tuber development in their regions. Today it is still highly desirable for each bioregion to be more self-sufficient in its own food production. Diet should become more regionally localized and more seasonable, with different foods available at different harvelit periods. Produce .,,. hich is storable or dryable (potatoes, winter squash, etc.) would come to be of greater imponance in the regional diet. Regional food production (especially production utilizing low-input organic methods) would act 10 stabilize regional economics by decreasing our dependance on foreign inputs, especially oil and pem:x:hemicals. Any region can become more self-sufficient in its food production, distribution, and marketing. Critical to the successful development of regional agricultural economies is the preservation of the dwindling amount of remaining world-wide plant genetic diversity. Thousands of locally selected vegetable and fruit varieties have been lost in the last century due to the change from growing predominantly local, open-pollinated varieties to the almost exclusive use of F1 hybrid varieties. Modern hybrid plant varieties have been developed for characteristics such as high yield, case of production and uniform harvest, but not for the generic diversity which serves as biological insurance against disease or insect attack. Hybrid crop varieties have the disadvantages of (1) genetic uniformity, and susceptibility to major insect and disease attack; (2) seeds produced from hybrid plants cannot be saved and replanted, since their offspring would not produce a uniform or stable crop; and (3) hybrid crops require massive amounts of outside inputs, such as fenilizers and pesticides, to achieve high levels of yield. With the loss of genetic diversity in our food crops, we are losing the diversity which has developed over millions of yea.rs, the same genetic differences which allow plant populations to survive climatic changes. PlanLc; which have diverse genetic backgrounds are generally termed "opcn-pollinnted" varieties (also called "non-hybrid," "standard," "heirloom," or "old•timey" varieties ). Open-pollinated varieties are more or Jess, randomly pollinated from genetically diverse parents, resulting in unique offspring with a wide range of physical and biochemical genetic expressions Seeds from open-pollinated plants contain a great deal of genetic diversity from which agriculturists can select for features such as taste, disease resistance, and suitability of use. By selecting parents with desirable characteristics. and by crossing them in selected combinations. improved varieties, which are more adapted to local climates, soils etc., can be isolated. Another major advantage of open-pollinated varieties is that they retain their genetic diversity, preserving genes which may be more :Kcit.i'.w h Jo1.m mt pQCJe 12 Seed Saving to Preserve Biodi:ver~sty, adaptable to changing environments. II is of grem practical value to be able to produce and save one's own seed. 1hereby being able to gradually selec1 for desired improvements and bcner local adaptability (i.e. better gene combinations for a panicular climate or soil). while retaining genetic diversity. SEED SA Vl~G REFEREI\CFS Robm Johnson. Jr. 1983. Growing Garden Seetlr: A Manual/or Gardeners and Small Farms. Inexpensive and easy to understand. Available from Johnny's Selected Seeds; Albion. Maine 04910. $1.95 Peter Donelan. 1986. Growing ro Seed. A more detailied presentation. Ecology Action, Self-Teaching Mini-series# 13. Order from Ecology Action: 5798 Ridgewood Road: Willeis, CA, 95490 $3.50. Suzanne Ashworth. 1990. Seed ro Seed Seed-saving techniques for over 160 vegetable crops. 240 pp., $20.00 ppd. Order from Seed Savers Exchange (sec address below). SEED SA VJNG ORGANlZATIONS The Flower & Herb Exchange (FHE) Rt. 3. Box 239 Decorah Iowa 5210 I ($5.00 annual membership) Fonunately, there is a growing number of individuals and developing organizations which recogni1.e the imponance of preserving natural genetic diversity in agricultural crops. The most widely known is the Iowa-based Seed Savers Exchange, which is a loose organization of people committed to seed saving and exchange. The Seed Savers Exchange believes that the best way to preserve historical varieties is by propagating them and distributing them to a widely scattered number of seed savers. The group publishes lists of available varieties and addresses of members with panicular varieties for exchange or sale. By keeping open-pollinated plant varieties in the public domain, the Seed Savers Exchange ensures that they will be widely propagated and distributed. We highly encourage Kan1ah plant caretakers to identify and promote the preservation, propagation, and distribution of local "follc-roce" varieties of vegetables, ornamentals, and fruits. Local county fairs can be better orgnnized to identify local varieties still grown by the old-timers. Talk with dedicated seed-savers to identify their favorite varieties and then offer to purchase or trade for seeds when they arc available. Multiply these varieties and be sure to further distribute and "spread the wealth" to help prevent the loss of these natural treasures. Secondly, interested gardeners should seek out open-pollinated varieties and encourage their use and distribution. Try growing these varieties and selecting for plants with improved qualitic:;. Lastly. plant caretakers need to produce extra seeds to pass along to other seed-savers to encourage their increase and serve as insumnce against the loss of these irreplaceable heirlooms. Seed saving can be a simple and economical hobby. General and specific information on saving vegetable varieties can be gained from the books listed below. Seed Savers Exchange Rural Route 3, Box 239 Decorah Iowa 52I01 ($25.00 annual dues, with reduced r01esfor "reduced income" membership), specializing in plant listing ofvegetables and fruits. Native Scc<VSEARCH 3950 West New York Drive Tucson, Arizona Specializing in S011tllwest indigenous crops, such as peppers, beans, dye plants, etc. Dues $10.00 per year. COMPANIES SPECIALIZING IN OPEN-POLLINATEO/HEIRLOOM SEEDS Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Box 158-N Nonh Garden, VA 22959 Caralog $3 .00, credited to first order. Redwood City Seed Company PO Box 361 Redwood City, CA 94064 Caralog $/ .00 Bountiful Gardens (Ecology Action) 5798 Ridgewood Rd. WilliL~. CA 95490 Abundant Life Seed Foundation Box 772 Pon Townsend, WA 98368 Seeds Blum Idaho City Stage Boise, Idaho 83706 Caralog $3.00. Johnny's Selected Seeds Albion, Maine04910 Dr•wmg by Rob Mc.nick - by Lee Barnes 1'nrt, 1991 �Walking Distance Our transpotation addiction is responsible for massive ecological and social damage. Our society is built around the use of Lhe automobile. It is now necessary for most people to use a car or bus to get to work, school, to buy groceries or see most of our friends. This is a very expensive situation in currency oflife, money, environmental qualiLy and in social disruption. Our highest priority should be to establish villages and re-establish neighborhoods in which the day to day needs of the people can be met within walking distance. A pattern of local self sufficiency would have many good effects on our lives and on the environmenL Fuel use and polluLion would be cu1 dramatically and people would save a 101 of money. People be/long in a walking based society. Children grow up m greater sccuri ty, and oldt:r folks can live longer in their own homes when supported by a caring community. In local economy we empower each other as we disempower huge political and industrial cartels. Wal.king and biking as means of rransponation reintegraLc people with their environment while providing a moderate and appropriate execrcise schedule. People would live longer and be happier. Inter actions with actual people would tend Lo replace video reality. We live in a world designed for cars instead of people. In a world designed for people, kids can find enough other kids for a ballgame any day with decent wcaLher, and adults can either have the solitude of the woods or the compt1ny of friends within walking distance. Native peoples the world over have almost always chosen to live in villages. Synergy is the reason for this. a village is more than che sum of its pans. In a village there is more protection from wild animals and violent people, cooperation in labor, the sharing of resources such as ox and plow, GASOLJtlE JS A DAJ\JGEHOUS CHE},JJCA!. ADDJc·r JON. and there is the possibility of specializing for greater efficiency. Even as rteenily as the 1960's most of the people of che world lived in agricultural villages with forest and field out the back door and friends and neighbors out the fronL One of the reasons people moved to cities was that the rural villages were cultural backwaters. This has changed in an era of satellite communications and U.P.S .. Now the ideas and goods of the world are readily available in the wilds of anywhere. ANGLE: ENVIRONMENT Fifteen years ago I wrote in my journal that l had three jobs. The first was for money so I could keep a roof over my head, eat. and function in society \\ith a grasp on self-reliance. Having been a Boy Scout and raised with respect for nature and a vision of caring for it, I wanted my job 10 be a pan of an ecological wlution and not more of the problem. 8111 I remember thinking at the same time that "Job One is for money 10 pay my bills." 1 had to begin wi1h my self-reliance and forge my conscious ideas in the marketplace as l went along. Working as a mechanic. I sometimes wondered if cars weren't one of our major problems. Eventually realizing that it was true, I also had 10 keep in mind that I had learned to make them run more efliciemly. So I was able to organi:r.e my thoughts and ideas with the security my paycheck gave me to work on Job Two. For Job Two I recycll!d cars. This was more of a hobby than a job-type job. I did not do tt for money, bu1 for the environment. If I made money that was line, but I figured tha1 I would do this job as part of a solution. It was a feeling l kept in my private heart, but I knew my work muse feed it. If I wns to grow and strengthen and become a man in the business world, I had to help in designing that world for health. I was looking for my own true man rather than the businessman and trying to keep the roof over my head. So roff. 1991 ii was my goal not to let this work tax the environment in nny way, but to engage me in part of the cleanup. My own system of Earth first. In the college town where I lived, students abandoned cars everywhere. It didn't seem to mailer how simply they might be fixed, with their own studies and graduation on their minds. and maybe sights set on soon buying a new car, off into the field the old cars went. I fixed cars man>' times by putting in a new bauery. Other times I took two cars and made one good one...feeding them back into the :,ystcm... seeing that no good pans were wasted. Though technology might give belier fuel economy from year to year, we must consider the "Bic Clic" mentality in the throwaway car industry, keeping in mind the horsepower it takes and the 1ax on our environment to keep up the new car cycle. Seeing the rate at which so many of these '"dead" cars got crushed, only 10 create a demand for another ne\\ one, made Job Two feel very good environmentally. It seemed 10 go out and out. if only in my own thinking, towards my goals. My third job was solely for the environment. 1 would not use fuel nor generate money: I picked up trash. II felt so good when money was not my motivating force. People around me thought I Photovoltaics can give electricity to the most remote community. A modem rural community is an atttactive idea in a time when cities offer more in the way of crime and less in the way of cultural attractions. It is now possible to have the best of civilization and the best of rural life. The village is an idea whose time has come again. The industrial revolution has brought us great progress in many areas but the pattern of social disintegration and ecological degradation that it has fostered must be changed. Consumerism must be replaced with a more broad minded philosophy that cares about the welfare of the entire system. In a localil.ed economy there are micro-<:conomic niches for pan time bakers, appliance repair people, haircuucrs, chicken keepers, cow milkers, etc. The industrial revolution separated and scheduled life, work came to mean job, education came to mean school, and all of society came to revolve like a gear around the needs of industry. People's lives took on the same scheduled and sequenced rhythms as the assembly line. Extended families shrank into nuclear families and then to one parent families. Prosperity came to mean economic growth instead of a state of well-being. Now there are other trends at work, and these will eventually produce an age of self-sufficient villages that produce much of their own power and food and at the same time can choose co be active members of a global civilization. The world needs models for this new generation of rural community. / by Will Bason Drawing by Rob MC$~ock must have really tlipped. And though a1 fir..1, 1admit, ii did feel a little crazy, I had begun to realize "new profits" and decided 1hnl linering was indeed crazier. I also pickl!d up aluminum. There were liuer baJTCls up and down both sides of the street from my home all the way across town. So every day after work r walked and picked up paper and cans. The barrels came up like clockwork, and in them I found an aluminum mme. There was a can buyer along my route, so that was my "bank" right on my path. If I thrcatencd anyone's sensibilities, f soon didn't care. Because of the social nature of the work, I was discovering more of what mnde what tick. Before long I added up what it was costing me to go to Job One, and realized I couldn"t afford ii anymore. Since that time I've found that I cannot afford 10 work for money as my chief motivaung force. The things I do, I do for different reason5. I get a strong feeling that a lot of the problem~ in the world, the ones we inherited and the on~ \\e perpetuate, began and continue because we have been so busy making money. And as we start 10 find the things that rc3lly can s:uisfy us. we also find we don·t need so much money anymore. I've learned that sclf-n:liance actually begins with me - and not with the roof ove~ myhead. ,P' by lvo Ballentine x.ai.urui Joun\OL page 13 �SERYING TI IE OREAT LIFE These are the words of a traduionaJ Cherokee medicint ptrson: 1 have said that there are three levels of conjuring: the personal levt>I, the level of knowledge, and the spiritual level. (See Kartfoh Journal #27.) The first fonn of conjuring is the ways we know to persuade acquainmnces or people we are intimate with - every day sort of smff. The next level is conjuring by understanding how things work. what I call the laws of nmurc. The more knowledge one has at this level, the more ability one has to conjure. The highest form is the spiritual fonn or conjuring. This level requires more than lenming 10 accomplish it. One can learn how to do 11, one can completely understand how it works, and still not have the ability to make it work. The reason a person may not be able to do it is because his or her individual self is in the way. The whole key to working the higher fonm of conjuring is to get one's self out of the way. That's the hard pan. To be a conjuror requires a personality that 1s strong. willful, and persistent. Tt takes super courage 10 confront one's own self. That's the biggest enemy. the biggest monster that ever existed: our own ego. The equation for conjuring is One. There is One Spirit that flows through us all trees, plants, animals, the Eanh. That is our connection to all things. Getting our individualistic self out of the way allows us to hook into that One SP.irit. which is moving all the time. It is very difficult to get one's self out of the way, but someone who can accomplish that may use the spiritual power for conjuring. Conjuring, as I know it, corresponds most closely to the western concept of "manipulation." And in the dominant culture, manipulation has bad connotations, because people don't like to feel like they have been manipulated, when actually we arc manipulated all the time. We are manipulated by our culture. The German people were manipulated in World War Il. Americans are manipulated by capitalism and glittery, materialistic things. Many of the Jewish people a.re very tied in to their own culture and their history as a people. We arc aJI constantly being manipulated. In a world in which we a.re manipulated all the time, conjuring can be very useful. The conjuror can heal people. The conjw-or can heal people who might otherwise be dead. The conjuror can interfere with their fate. For instance, in this culture it's absolutely terrifying 10 be told, "You have Xotuan Journal p!MJC 14 cancer." Cancer is known to be so bad and usually fatal. When a doctor tells a patient he or she has cancer, it's devastating. ln some cases people stan dying right away. They surrender and relinquish them~elves to the disense. The will dies. Doctors can't usually do much about cancer. But the mind and the spirit together are so powerful that somerimes they can make a cure. Sometimes they can provoke the spirit of the Physician Within to heal a person, And one does that through conjuring. If a conjuror is successful, it's amazing what can happen. Sometimes conjuring on the third level produces results that seem impossible 10 people who arc looking at it from an conventional viewpoint. What they see cannot be explained in a rational, linear way. ''Magic comes when all doubt is cleared from the mind." I don't see events th:11 occur on the spiritual levels as magic. I see them as facts - events that can happen all the time. They only seem extraordinary to people who are caught up in the physicaJ, materialistic, self-oriented culture. Healing may appear to be magic and mystical, but it isn't. It's a law of nature. Everyone has the capacity and the ability to do this if they can get their own self out of the way. A conjuror can also do terrible things. He or she can do absolutely hideous, horrible things to other people. The same energy that can heal someone can be used 10 make another person to sick - just by reversing the process. But in my experience of watching people who had the ability to use that power, the majority of them never did horrible or terrible things. The simple reason was: the consequences. There is karma, and it affects one's spirit. Misusing spiritual power is one way to destroy the spirit, kill it. How could that not affect someone spiritually? Sending a sickness used to be called "spoiling the saliva." The old peoRle believed that the spit was the secret way to a person's spirit. They believed that by spoiling the saliva they could make a person's spiri1 sick, and then, since everything is connected, the biological or emotional being would also become sick. The conjuror used to concentrate on the saliva. using it as the focus point for a strong meditation. When a conjuror is using a spiritual form of conjuring, he sees himself, his real self. He then visualizes the Whole, and sees himself dissipate into the Whole. The thought that he takes with him is of the saliva of the person he is conjuring. When he rerums with the saliva spoiled, he sends it back 10 the person, and the person gets sick. Using the spiritual fonn of conjuring is definitely interfering with fate. It is the fate of all of us to die, yet 1 know people who were healed from their cancer after being given up for lost by the western physicians. That's interfering with fa1e. There are consequences 10 interfering with fate, and the consequences could be positive, or they could be negative. Conjurors don't feel that the spiritual burden of interfering in someone's life rests on thcm. When they are asked to do things, they do just what somebody asks them. The person who requests the conjuring is the one who picks up on the good or bad consequences of the act, not the conjuror that's our reality. Conjurors consider themselves to be like the pistol in a murder, and, by asking chem, their diem pulls the trigger. h's not the pistol that goes on trial, it's the trigger-puller who goes on trial. In tribal times the conjuror was honor-bound to carry out any fequest. The tribe used to set apart people to be good hunters, chippers of arrowheads, or com ~ planters. That was their task in life. A medicine per.;on was set apart 10 conjure, LO be a healer, or to be a priest - and there could be no personal limits set on ii. The only request a conjuror could refuse was one lhat would require him or her to hurt the Great Life, the Whole. lf someone asked me to conjure the State of Nonh Carolina to let them dump their toxic waste along the highway or 10 poison the river, I would be injuring the Great Life. I could refuse. Otherwise. a conjuror relinquished his responsibility. Still, there were ways to get out of conjunng acts that one considered distasteful. One way was 10 get the client to participate in the conjuring as much as possible. A conjuror could drag it out for several days to test their will. Often a person would change their mind in two or three days. Or the conjuror could have the person do some things that didn't absolutely necessary need to h:lppen. "Get me a cenain plant up on Clingman's Dome. There's a li1t1e rock up under there with some moss that grows on it. You have to be there in two hours, and you have 10 hop in from the north on one leg," and when they brought that, he would say, "I need this one other thing. You need to wade across the river and..." There were always means 10 slow people down and make them think about their actions. As a lasl reson a conjuror could say, "My will is not going to be into this, and I don't know how effective this is going to be. I suggest you go sec another medicine person." Because conjuring is manipulation, the 'Fn(l., 199\ �11 idea seems negative and threatening LO many people of Lhe western culture. But who is 10 tell what is positive and what is negative? One would have to have a seer in order 10 know before the fact. As an example, neighbors often do Lhings against neighbors when they have bad feelings and resenonems. A medicine person could do mild fonns of conjuring which would relieve them of their bad feelings toward their neighbor, because they felt that they'd taken action. In the long run, it could possibly be more positive to do some superficial conjuring than to let those people sit around with their resenunents festering and their bad feelings gening stronger and stronger. It's a psychological and emotional pressure release. It's hard to try to justify that to western people. It could conceivably be a positive action to cause somebody 10 get sick. In the culture that we live in, there is no excuse to relinquish responsibility to go out and smell the flowers and just be. Sickness is the only valid excuse. And sometimes there's so much stress and pain in the lives of people involved with the dominant culture that they will create a sickness just 10 meet that need to relinquish responsibility. A good healer shouldn't limit him or herself to biological matters; a good healer shouldn't limit him or herself to social matters. A good healer should understand that there isn't anything in this culture that will let us relinquish responsibility but being sick. He or she is a priest A healer should be able 10 say, "Listen, take a week off. Go to the beach, do what you like 10 do." Conjunng • manipulation - is good when it serves the Great Life. That's the governing principle. Through the whole process, the conjuror has 10 keep the ego out. Of course, it is true that "Where I go, ego." There's a very fine balance there. I am constantly asking myself the question, "Who does this serve? Who does this serve?" Because if l felt I was acting just to serve myself and my ego, I would stop immediately. Conjuring puts one in a position of power, but it has to be done without a sense of power. Working on the spiritual level is powerful, bul if the conjuror is receiving a sense of power, rhen he is manipulating the situation for his own individualistic intereSt One of the ways you can tcU a good healer or a good priest is that they just act They do n0t think that ii might be benefiting them. They accept it as pan of their individual spiritual path. Things just keep happening. Each incident could be a challenge, a test. a blessing, a joy, or ail of these things. Myself, rm not special. rm a human being, trapped in a body that eats, shits, suffers, and die~ just like everyone else. And sometimes it's a curse and sometimes it's a blessing, but that's just the way it is. I accept iL This role of medicine person has been something that I needed spiritually. It's been an ego challenge for me. There have been times in my life when I've wanted 10 manipulate people for my own gain - and known that I could have done it. Without the slighiest bit of doubt, l knew I could get what I wanted from these people simply because I understood things that they didn't understand. But I felt that doing that would damage me in some way. It wasn't worth the immediate gratification. It just wasn't worth it. People who are conscious, really conscious, cannot be conjured or manipulated in any way. But most people can be conjured because their mind is someplace else constantly. I have yeL to run across one person whom l couldn't conjure 111 some time in their lives. I have met gurus and ail other sons of people, and at some point each of them would slip into self, or imponance, or "my trip," or some other negative state. Yes, it would be wonderful ro live in a world where people were so clear that they could n0t be manipulated or conjured. That would be the ultimate goal. But we are going to have to be more advanced than we are, much more advanced. I hope that we can reach that point. It's one of those things that are possible for the future. Things wiU be different when people stan seeing that we are pan of a living / organism, the Great Life. A Rotting Log Call ii a waste. Call it a shame. And you are numb to this other life. 1lusoldoak has barely had lime to die. Alre.idy mushrooms grow through mosses against hues of amber, brown, and gold. A snake is rurll!tl up in a hole beneath her weight. A bear will winter ,n the heart twelve feet h11,h where lhe trunk broke off from the bottom. To build a ncsl a woodrat crawls into the ca,,ty. To her life and dl'alh smell the same. And arthropods th:it h\'c nowhcN! else arc mo\'ing through the 50h wood, laying eggs. Thl'Y too arc dymg. Ra,pt,crrics ,ind gr.ire:, grow up around for slw ha!> falkn hgh1 1s ll't into the for<.'SI. Four years from now t"-o nroms will fall to grow on this rothng log I win trees c,f the same mothc-r. This de.ith 1s so ferule. The fc,rcst keeps its promises. PholO by Rob Mcss,cl. rnrr. 1'191 J(ntunh Jou111n[ pnlJC 15 �i., , .. • vJ -,,..f...,.,. ..i.:J •• . J - \ , • •• •1 . ,, •--1r, .,~;..,, ._ ... . •••\,,11,io.., .. .... ... ;., . . . . . . . , • " .. /2,. .....,.,.~')·. .·," :, ·'·' r. .,,,. -:J.l· . ' • f ~ CT •• .. ' ~ ~1/8 , \ . ~ ..'!:,.•jl':t'tt._-t:. .1• .. .,,. • ,.. .·, ... 4'J,-·~,. I.. • t.'·..1 r 1 •r • RANOL~f}tu>URNAL ·:·t· ,,. ·~• 4J,. G .... . ·-~~ . ,....... ,/'I ;,.~···"'",. BIOREGIONAL BURNABLE OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS Livin' By Their Wits It sure is a stitch watchin' all these "back-to-the-land" people and the tourists come to the mountains lookin' for serenity and a good life. Those poor young folks come here with these notions of raisin' a family and havin' a piece of land 10 work. while at the some time they're in need of a high payin' job to get the land and the house. Why the prices those tourists can afford are enough to drive anybody whose been here a while right through the roof! Not only do they come with these high minded ideas about doin' everything the organic way. like that was some kind of religion or somethin'. half the time they don't even know the basics of tendin' a place and they st:ut belly•achin' cause the works too hard, or the bugs are drivin' um crazy, or they can't get things happenin' the way they wan't um 10 in the first couple years. I know dern well we can't go back to the old subsistance days like they were when my folks grew up here. I guess I have to give some of these young people a little credit for tryin' to find a good way 10 live with the land. But they always seem to be squablin' amongst themselves about somthin' or another. One wants to live on a piece of land with a bunch of other people. while another is satisfied to stick it out where they are. Most of um can't figure out where they want their kids raised either. and there's hardly a school they feel is fiuin' 10 send um to. h seems like when I was raised it was a little clearer where a person stood. Livin' by your wits wasn't just some nice thing to do on the weekends, it was your bread and butter. Usually it was our of necessity that cenain people did ccnain things so a family could survive. Nowadays theres all these splinteriud groups like feminislS, environmentalistS, pro-business factions, and government people tryin' 10 tell everybody what they think is besL I think they're all too big for their britches if you ask me. Men sum beho.vin' like women and women start behavin' like men; the timber people and these self-appointed environmental rescue squads go at each other; these dem franchises come in and pay people next 10 nothin' while the money moves off to far away places; and college trained officials from down in the piedmont come and show off the version of zoning 1ha1 seems to suit um best. It all seems like some big jumbled mess to me. As long as everybody is in it for themselves I don't see how we are ever goin' to conduct ourselves in such a way that families survive, and schools can be places of leamin', and govemmenlS don't have their hands in everybody's business. It's like there's too many vultures buzz.in' around these mountians and not enough decent folk to talce care of um and protect um. 1(.Qtuar~)ou.rna1 p09e 10 Some of these back-to-the-lander types are more than a linle spoiled 100. They come from cities where things seemed to be fed to um all the time. They kinda remind me of tourists thar hang around a little longer till the money dries up. or their kids move away, or they get tired of it and they leave. rew of um have the backbone 10 make it through hard times, but some of um learn how 10 li<aen to the mountainside and how it can provide medicines, food, warer. and materials for shelter if they don't me~s around 100 much with its own state. There's a lot of leamin' in store for um if they take a likin' to it, but most of um get huffy and impatient. l just hope that if the cities start havin' more problems and geuin' more congested that they all don't keep comin' here thinkin' there's some easy life just waitin' for um. Maybe its good that mountain life is hard. But that ain't goin' 10 stop um from comin' 10 have a look. that is as long as the price of gas holds out. recorded by Rob Messick An Old Family Tale My mother's youngest brother, James Francis Dresenbury. came 10 Conway, SC 10 visit his sisters and brothers when I was a linle girl. One day he gathered all his nieces and nephews together and told this tale of a happening when he was a little boy. He began by praising his mother for her thrift and saving ways. made necessary by the ume just after the War Between the States. Then he told us it wa.,; the time of year when cherries were ripe. The trees had a bumper crop and a bushel or more had been seeded and made into cherry preserves. The seeds had been left on the back porch for several days. One morning my grandmother told a little helper boy 10 empty these seeds into the chicken ya.rd. The next time anyone noticed the chickens they were all lying prone around the yard. Grandmother was not only sorry to lose her prized chickens. but since she did not know what had kilkd them. she could make no use of the meat. But she decided she would not have 10 lose the feathers too • so they brought the chickens in and plucked the feathers to use in pillows and feather beds. The chickens were thrown our into the yard to be buried later. About an hour after that, someone exclaimed, "Look at the chickens!'' They were gawking and walking around stark naked. Their little tipsy spell had worn off! The sun was beaming hotly and 10 keep them from getting sunburned, the girls took some calico and made clothes for them. by Bess Hwbison The Slide lt was a hot day in nonheastern Tennessee. Leslie had been bugging her parents for hours 10 take her and her little brother to a campsite with a water slide. After driving for hours, the family finally found one and pulled in. Leslie's dad paid the fee and made some small talk with the rotund female auendant. After they chose a spot and got the camp ready for the night Leslie's mom let her get her swimming suit on. At long last she took her younger brother by the hand and \\Cnl over to the big double tunneled water slide that emptied into a cool pool. Her brother wus more than a little scared at the idea of whizzing around in these coiled slippery runnels. so Leslie 1old him to stay at the pool while she went to the top where au the action got staned. She saw the water gushing out of the pipe when she got to the top. and the excitement was growing inside her. The man watching the entry instructed her 10 lean into the curves and off she went. She squealed with excitement around the first bank. Then aU the sudden the people at the pool noticed a distinct change in the pitch of her squeals. They had transformed into blood curdling yells, as her brother and some other grown-ups watched her come 10 the end of the ride twirling a large copperhead above her head like a wild laso rope. As she hit the water her grip on the snake loosened and it was flung into the woods, where presumably it got away unharmed. That water slide has been closed ever since. by Rob Messick How Can You Lose Anything as Big as This Ego? Back in my formative years. Actually a little after what is considered the normal formative years in terms of physical maturity. but 001 in mental maturity, or emotional or spiritual or whatever you want to call that other pan of us that isn't the meat. Of course, I'm still in my formative years for that other thing. or stuff, and probably always will be. Hopefully. a1 least. I wonder how many parenthetical thoughts you're allowed 10 hnve in a row? Sometimes I think all of my thoughts are parenthetical. And so on. Anyway, back in my formative years during college, when r became exposed to a world of ideas and the evolution or revolu110n of the human being. Being human. f vowed 10 become a better person. By God, or nature. or whatever, I was' going to become a near perfect human being! raft. 199 1 �No one is perfect. The fust step on that evolurion, I learned, was to lose your ego. r should have seen it coming. The idea of striving to be perfect and at the same time losing your ego is, to put it lightly, a quagmire. Perhaps the contradiction is obvious. The closer you feel (your ego feels) that you (your ego) is corning closer 10 perfection, the beuer your ego feels. In fact, it's damn pround of itself. And the bigger it grows. I suppose that is the pitfall the mystics always talk abouL 111ey always warn amid their other mumbo jumbo that all of this mumbo jumbo, and ego losing, can be dangerous. I never understood that. Sitting, contemplating one's navel, or chakras, or marimbas or whatever. Never seemed very threatening to me. It now occurs to me, that what is really dangerous, and what they were probably talking about, is thinking, or suffering from the delusion, that one is actually losing their ego. That's because, while you think you're losing your ego, it's actually growing. And your life becomes a hypocrisy. In other worlds, you think you're o ne thing but you 're actually 1he opposite. Which leads 10 lots of embarrassing moments when you're suddenly acting unlike the perfec1 person you arc supposed tO be. As a matter of fact you're acting like a perfect asshole, but you're ego's so big that it's in control and won't let you blame it. As a ma uer of fact, it's telling you that it doesn't even exist. A clever subterfuge to keep the rest of your meat ignorant of the fact that everything it's doing is to feed this ego that's grown so large it needs constant nourishment to keep from collupsing into a stinking rotten heap that can be smelled by anyone within visual distance. So it blames others. It couldn't be because you're selfish. Only people with egos are selfish. You don't have an ego so it must be them. It couldn't be because you're not envious. Only people with egos are envious. You don't have an ego. So they must be assholes. Eventually. everybody becomes an asshole, except yourself, of course, and the world no longer deserves your unselfish administrn1ions of good works. Actually, 1he whole damn world can go to hell in a handbasket, for all you care. because you have your own world which is your ego, which by now has grown 10 the size of a small plane1oid. I measured mine recen1ly, when arter ten years I found i1 hiding behing the nas1y remarks I was making 10 my wife in order, I have since learned, 10 make pillars for my enormous ego 10 rest on since it had grown so large that even in the airy netherworld of egos, it could no longer suppon its own weight. It is currenly the size of Pluto. How did all this come abou1? rnnocently enough, at least if you were 10 ask FausL It was initiated by a commendable desire. I wanted 10 become an enlightened individual who would nunure the splendorous miracle of life and make it reveal its most beau1iful aspects 10 me and those around me, and eventually the whole damn world. Yes. l was going to improve the general lot of humankind through the exercise of my perfec1ed egolcss will. Of course, it would take me a few years to reach this state. The method by which I would reach it was meditation and aceticism. Hedonism, raCC., 1991 ac.rually. We!I, a[rcr all, I wasn't going 10 nuss out on hfe JUSt because of this ego crap. And soon. Actually, just pure naked experience was my goal, and women. I was actually the product of a damaged ego. Damaged by was doing. Of course, it probably assumed from past experience that if l did know I would have stepped in somehow and screwed up the whole process. Which I think is the whole point of meditation - gcniog yourself out of the way so that you can just constant female reJection during those aforementioned formative years, meat and 01herwise. So I strutted my naked experience among the dregs of society. Playing wi1h 1hem. parrying with them, but always (of course) somehow feeling above it all. Superior. Each day expanding my awareness through mcdiiation ... consciousness expansion (i.e. ego expansion). Whal is ;1 human being without ego? Whom am I, anyhow? A boneless chicken. And so on. All throughout my stru1 I was doing great acts. Or so I thought. Trying to s1op nuclear weapons by having a conference of six hippie college students in West Virginia, and sleeping with the best looking one after she played wilh my knee under the.: table. Didn't do much to stop nuclear weapons, but it did wonders for my ego. More fuel for the fire Very linle effect on world peace. But a great person (i.e. perfect human being. Don'1 forget, that was my destination) must do great things. Or at least things with the stamp of greatness to feed 1hnt giant ego which I was supposed to be losing. What I was losing, was my meat. I staned 10 gel quite thin. This ou1sized ego, which I had convinced myself. was diminishing, drove me 10 do all kinds of ~trnnge things. II used my intellect to r.itionaliz.e every ego foeding acl as a philanthropic act. It used my meal 10 take it places where it could feed . But it didn't feed on organisms, ii fed on ~piri1s. As I said, I now realized 1hat this was, all along. the pl:in of a severely damaged ego (an ego which had been victimized and punished again and again for no apparent reason, by a very confused piece or meat), to save icself. First, confuse the meat with all types of inscrutJble mysuc mumbo jumbo and convince it that you are leaving entirely. Next, make the meat go into self-induced comas periodically so it won't be aware of you as you sneak back in and take con1rol of nerve central. Then make the meat go ou1 and do all kinds of things with the veneer of goodness. no matter how ineffcetual the acts are. Make the meat think it is on a Godly mission, maybe even a messenger or disciple of God, so that it's willing to put up with all kinds of nasty physical deprivations, while the ego feeds, and feeds, and feeds. Now don't get me wrong, I'm not saying this is all bad. My ego did need fixing. I just wish it had let me know what it take over. But now it really has gotten om of hand. My ego has grown much to large and has become an independent agent which seems 10 care little, if a1 all, for myself, and only keeps my meal around so tha1 it can have corporality. But I chink its beginning to be confused. For instance, it can't understand why world leaders haven'! noticed its magnimity and come to it for advice. Of course it probably has something 10 do with the fact that it has ignored its meat to the point that it has got it working in a sewer plant. Maybe tha1 is all pan of its mas1cr plan. It stuck me in a sewer plant shoveling shit, and gave me a beautiful little boy and wife, to show me, finally, that it really isn't gone, but is actually the.: size of Pluto. Really much too big 10 ever be s:uisfied. It needs to trim itself down. Get back to fighting weight. Big egos are seldom happy. They're always hungry. Maybe I really can lose it this time. Maybe the stink of the plant will drive it away. Maybe I need to meditate, not on my connection 10 the cosmos. but on the true insignificance or my acts 10 the world at large. and the very real significance of my acts 10 one very litulc boy and one very ~pccial woman. The only good things my ego ever did for me. Actually working at a sewer plant has probably done more to help me lose my ego 1h.in all the meditation and good acts could ever do. Not JUSI because of the work, but because of the male bonding of 1he work crew, which consists of the mutual destruction of self-wonh. Maybe it's due 10 an inherent understanding 1hey have of the immensi1y o( the male ego, and they practice this form of humiliaton 10 keep it in check. While we of the enlightened new age SIJ'Oke each others ego. until they devour our very relationships. In any evem, my ego is now shrieking. Ifs starved, and it has revealed itself. It can no longer hide (amazing that something as big as Pluto could hide all that time). Though, actually, I think everyone else could see it. Everytime I looked around, however, 10 see what they were looking at. it ducked ·· out of the way. Preuy nimble for such a big fellow'/' /J!f by Maxim Didgct �.. ,J.''',• ' , .... - Mountair t .u Near Todd at a bend on the New Rh·er there is a spot b-.nown as Peggy's Hole. It was named that because of an incident that occured there at the beginning of the 1800's. An elderly woman named Peggy Clauson \Vas going to church on Sunday morning when she saw a dog run a bear off a cliff at that spot. The bear landed in the water and was stunned. Peggy waded in, grabbed the bear by the ears and held its head under the water until the bear was drowned . ~ .... T..-.i. ,.,; .. ~ ... 'lb. 11- .-11... ... ... ~ . _ - p"'!!:'I,> !>..lo li-.,.._......1:Do.t..,__.,_-,..:,:-».t~ °" ~-----' r~ :.,_...., .. """ ,._ .. ~... ... ~ c!-i<iDo1t..,.t11.i-'l....w -.i-.J f-m p,....z11oo.~.jt>.-.. - .....-i,;1:)-i, - ~ ~ ... - i.. • - - - ~ :u. ..... L\~ .... .....l ~J.l. a.;.~-.. .,.J:;,.. ....:;r..l,1>.i..o.....-.i..-...J. ~tJfl..- ...i..t I,.. -~ • An old lady near Canton told me her grandfather was hiking near Shining Rock when he was a young man. A panther started following him. I Ie started running and the panther sped up. To slow him do""'ll, lhe man took off his shirt and threw it down. The panthc>r stopped long enough to rip it to shreds, then started chasing him again. The man kept throwing his clothes down as he ran down the mountain. By the time he got home, he was completely naked. This series of paintings came about while 1 was hiking and drawing in remote areas of the mountains of Western North Carolina. There I met mosUy older people who had grown up in the Southern Appalachians. Many of these people were very friendly and once a conversation started, they would communicate their knowledge of an area by telling stories. These paintings are not meant to be illustrations of the stories, but a freer form that incorporates commentary, associations, my own subjeclive reactions, and elaboration on the images provided by the story and its place of origin. I'm attempting to develop a fonn between illustration and pure painting. As each day passes, we tend to lose our intimate connection to the Earth, and also �n Stories ..", , I 1, by Robert Johnson At Cranberry when the old folks there ~ere young, the parents used to tell them that the pools of water in the iron mines didn't have a bottom. If they ever became unstopped, all the water would go rushing out and take the children, all the people and the whole town of Cranberry with it. I asked a young man how Standing Indian Mountain got its name. He said. "1 don't know. I guess an Indian just stood there." I asked a middle-aged man. He said, "During the Civil War a band of Cherokee Indians fought bravely here and stood up to the enemy." I asked an old man. He said, "Before white men came here, Lhere was a monster who lived on Lhe mountain and would carry off people. So the tribe posted a brave up on the mountain to keep watch. The thunder spirit saw Lhe monster creeping up on the brave and sent down a bolt of lightening, shattering rocks, destroying the monster, and turning the brave to stone. Today one can see shattered rocks and a stone Indian on top of the mountain." stories like these that come from the pre-industrial culture of the Southern Appalachians. These simple but powerful stories have an almost mythical quality, and they embody a connection between the land and oral knowledge of the land, which is a culture that is dying out. This project is my attempt to get to know Lhese stories and to keep them alive a while longer. Robert Johnson's paintings of ''Mountain Stories" are on display until September 27th 1991 at the Blue Spiral I Gallery; 38 Biltmore Avenue; AshevilJe, NC 28801 (704) 251-0202. The paintings will later be shown in the six counties from which the stories came: Yancey, Macon, Haywood, Ashe, Avery and Rutherford. �, ~~TER~HEQ.JWI..J?.S" ,,,.,.,t. NIIIUnl World News Service In 1989 the Water Supply Watershed Protection Act sailed through the Nonh Carolina legislature. The bill w~ passed unanimously in the Senat~ and 1ll .~e House there were only six votes ~ opposmo~. !he legislation enacted protecnons for mumCJpal drinking water supplies so that n~w . development did not endanger Lhts basic resource. . , In August, 1991 North Carolinas Deparnnent of Environmental Management (DEM) held public hearings across the Slate on the implementation of the new water regulations. Public reaction was . unprecedented. Across the state the heanngs were long and stormy. Each of the eight meetings drew more than l.~ people. The hearings in Asheville and Hickory were anended by more than 1,500 people each. The state was completely unprepared for the surge of public interesL In Hickorx, the . meeting site was changed 10 ~ locan~n with a larger capacity, but after heaTlllg tesumon~ for one full day the speaking roster ~s soil only one-half completed and the heanng had 10 be continued at a later date. There was clearly-defined, and sometimes biller, controversy at the watershed protection hearings. The theory of the Watershed Protection Act is that development must be contr0lled in . watersheds that provide drinking water in . order to protect the purity of the supply. This raised the boogie of land use management, the "Z word - zoning," in the mind of many traditionally conservative landowners and farmers. Some saw the bill as a direct threat 10 their property rights. Others saw it as the first step in an insidious government plan to gradually enact a full set ofland use management contr0ls. As ~'lolly Di~gins of the state Sierra Club orgamzauon said, "Where locru governmcntc; should be seeing 'protection,' many are seeing only 'restriction."' Development interests played on these fears with a concencd public outreach campaign, and aroused a strong opposition to the w:uer protection measures. These . . interests see a loss of profil in any rcstncuon of development The opposing pole at the public hearings were environmentalists who supponed the protective regulations and protested that they were not strong enough. Agricultural and silvicultural opcr.itions should be regulated as strictly as construction, they said. Presently the rules provide water bodies only a IO foot buffer against agricultural activities, which often _arc major sources of erosion and wnter polluuon, whereas buildings have to be outside a 100 foot buffer around protected streams. There was also concern that "grandfather" clauses. under which existing buildings and projects would be exeml)t from the provisions of the watershed protecuon measures, would weaken the regulations to the point of uselessness. Also supporting the regulations were town residents who did not take a supply of pure drinking water for granted and wanted 10 ensure protection of their !Own wa_ter supplies in the face of ever-encroaching X.Otuof, Journal'. poge 20 development. This round of the drinking water protection fight is not yet over. ln light of the controversy generated by the regulations, the DEM has extended the public comment period on the watershed protection regulations until October 31. It is particularly imponant that the DEM hears from the people of the mountain region. Direct co=nt.f 10: Sttvt Zoufaly Division of Environ~IUQI Management 8ox29535 Raleigh. NC 27626. YES MORE WILDERNESS! N1111r.il World Nev-s Sa-vice Saturday, July 6, one of the bu~iest rafting days of the year, there mystenously appeared across the Nantahala River a long banner saying "Yes More Wilderness! Save Cheoah Baldi" Rafters taking out downstream were met by activists from the organi1ation SouthPA W requesting responses for a "Forest Service Evaluation Sheet." . "Did you know that the Forest Service is planning a timber sale only 1/2 mile above the Nantahala and within sight of the river?" More than 95% did not know "Do you think that the Cheooh Bald . area, the: largest unprotected roadies.~ area in the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests should be allowed to return 10 old growth?" 99% thought it should. "Do you think that the Forest Service should stop logging in the national forests?" 98% thought they should. South PAW struck again at Forest Service credibility at the agency's Reanalysis Checkpoint meeting concerning the re-evaluation of the Land and Resource Management Plan for the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests. South PAW calJed for a boycou of the meeting, saying that the Forest Service refused lO consider the relevant ecological issues in its planning. The meeting was billed as a scoping meeting, but a SouthPAW handout said "Wrong End of the Scopel" declaring that the Forest Service had its priorities reversed, since it seemed to be more interested in sellin-g,tirpbgr:,tJw!,pwJe:C~Jlll~~// i, diversity o( the forest. In the flier the group reiterated their position that the national forcstS in the Kaninh Province should be habitat areas free from roads and commercial exploitation. There were about equal numbers of people inside and outside the Owen Conference Center at the University of Nonh Carolina Asheville where the Forest Service meeting was held. But in C<?n~st _10 the restrained and orderly mcenng ms1de the building, those out on the lawn boisterously chanted, laughed, and played drums and kazoos. At lunch time the activists congregated at the student open forum in the lobby of lhe university center to hear Buddy Newman read lhe alternative forest protection plan he authored for SouthPAW. Nantahala-Pisgah Forest Supervisor Bjorn Dahl was among the audience listening 10 the proposal and later invited South PAW representatives to a meeting with Forest Service personne! to discuss 10 their ideas for the Appalachian forests. To take action on behalf oftlu: Appalachian forest habitat. write: SouthPAW Ba:d/41 Aslu:ville, NC 28802 KILLING Lm'LE FISH NIIUnll Wodd News Scrv,cc A series of five different spills over a seven month period last year that dumped untreated wastewntcr, oils, and concentrated foams into the Pigeon River will cost the Champion International paper mill in Canton, NC $60,000. These are the first fines ever levied against the company by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).. According to Champion .~pokespe:Son David Craft the mishaps were the first m recent mem~ry" at the plant. The ftrst spill, of an unknown quantity of untreate~ wast~":'ater, was evidently the most damaging, killing, according 10 Craft, "270 little fish." Croft_ maintained th:u neither the foam nor the oils were hazardous to human or aquatic life. Champion had originally faced a $125,000 fine from the EPA;the m~imu~ allowed by law. However, after meeung wuh mill officials last February and March, t11e agency downgraded the fine. The company representatives maintained that Champion should not be assessed the full fine because the spills were caused by malfunctioning equipment and not by human error or deliberate neglect The EPA seemed to agree. Craft said that another reason for the reduced fine was evidence that "Champion has taken steps 10 mitigate the damage," from skimming escaped oil off the nvcr banks to closing the malfunctioning valves that Champion maintains caused four of !he spills. However, the EPA also penalized Champion for failing to file a formal repon of one of the spills within the required five days, an oversight Craft blamed on an "administration problem." Oaft said that Champion would probably not appeal the fin 7 "~e.~o bel!eve that the amount of the fine 1s fair, he said, calling the accidentS "a series of unintentional and unrelated failures within the mill." 1'c:afL, t99l �NEW PERSPECTI•VES 0N TRE "~'· CHATTOOGA .. Natural World News Sctvice EnvironmcntaJ groups from three states and three national forest administrative areas have combined 10 form the Chanooga River Watershed Coalition (CRWC). The Chatto0ga is a beautiful river, one of the most popular recreational rivers in the Karuah Province. Pan of itS length has been designated a Wild and Scenic River, and a large tract in its headwaters area beneath Devil's Courthouse near Highlands, NC was recently bought by the Trust for Public Land and transferred to the US Forest Service 10 preserve its pristine character. The CRWC has wriuen an alternative Land and Resource Management Plan for the watershed which they are requesting the US Forest Service 10 adopt. The plan is important, first of all, because it proposes a unified forest management program based on watershed boundaries, rather than along state or national forest tines. At present, the Chauooga watershed is managed under three different, and somerimes conflicting, national forest management plans. "A landscape with natural ecological integrity is the desired future condition of the watershed," says the CRWC proposal. The coalition suggests a new, standardized management unit, the Ecosystem Management Area, 1hat would base management on complete forest habitats rather than on timber sale companmems. The CRWC is requesting a meeting with Forest Service supervisors and regional and national personnel to discuss implementing their plan in the Chattooga watershed. interest. the DO.Ii e11ct&fup with nver four days of testimony which they scheduled concurrently in auditoriums in two different locations over a two-day period. ("Divide and conquer," said one activist. "It's an old tactic.") Attendance at the hearings ,vas about equally divided between opponems of the plan and workers from Oak Ridge nuclear facilities bussed to the hearing from work. Although the workers, wearing T-shirts saying "Complex 21" superimposed over n map of Tennessee. made their presence felt, of the 376 speakers more than 68% were opposed to the pluronium plant, in the estimate of the Oalr. Ridger newspaper. The testimony was sometimes brilliant, always heartfelt. Speakers talked about cancer risks. damage 10 the environment, the possibility of nuclear accidents, and the need for disarmament now that the primary adversary had dropped out of the game. In the afternoon of the second day srudents from Oak Ridge schools testified a1 the hearings. One student presented a petition with 65 names of students against Complex 21 in Oak Ridge or anywhere else on Eanh. Several high school students also testified at the hearings, all opposed to the planL The DOE will ruei~t written comme111s 011 tht Rocky Flats pluto11ium plant rdocatio11 until Ocrotn~r 30. Mail r.omme111s to the Dtpartmi!fll of Energy. clo: Oak Ridgt E11vira11111t11tal and Ptace Alliance Box 1101 KnoX\/ille. TN 37901 T~ Chattooga Riw!r Wattrs~d Coalitio11 Box368 Clayton, GA 30525 PLUTONIUM OR. .. NO! Narun! World Ne..,, Service "Please let me introduce myself. I am Plutonium, the God of unnatural death and suffering." The black-robed figure with the grisly skcleial face stood before the impassive bureaucrats presiding at the "Reconfiguration of the Nuclear Weapons Complex" hearings in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. At issue was the future of the nation's nuclear weapons program, specifically the plutonium processing facilities at Rocky Flati., Colorado. The plant has contaminated its site in Colorado and has to move. The DOE is considering locating it either at Oak Ridge or the Pantex plant near Amarillo, Texas. For the first rime ever, the Depanment of Energy (DOE) had called for public input on the future of the program. The agency scheduled 15 hearings around the country. TheorericaJly, they would listen 10 what was said and consider the opinions offered in their program and policy decisions. People responded, aroused through the effons of area peace groups spearheaded by the Oak Ridge Environmenuu and Peace Alliance. The hearings were scheduled to last one day. Because of the outpouring of public Tai(, 199 1 "WE DON'T BUY YOUR LINE" The Appalachian Power Company wants to build a 765,000 volt power line through southern Wes1 Virginia and southwestern Virginia. The tine is ostensibly 10 provide extra power in Richmond and 1he eastern pan of the state of Virginia. To sell their idea, the ucility company se1 up a series of hearings along the line's proposed route. They met with solid opposition aJI along the way. The company came to the meetings well-prepared. They brought a 30 page handout, coinplett Willi ~li~.'gl-Jphs:'~d maps. They also distributed a report. "Faces on EMF' (electromagnetic fields) to dispute scientific evidence that high volrage Lines cause genetic damage and degenerative disease. But the people were not buying it More than 50 people opposed to the power line showed up at the meeting in Giles County, VA and 300 people attended the meeting in New Castle, VA. Another meeting in Hinton, WV also brought out strong opposition to the line. A meeting in Monroe County, WV was canceled because hearing officers feared violence. The meeting was rescheduled, however, and 300 people peacefully declared their strong opposition 10 the power line. As well as health concerns, people attending the hearings feared that herbicide spraying would contaminate their water supplies, and that the power lines would mar the scenic beauty of their area, which they considered an imponant asset. Critics also questioned the value of the plan, saying that the new power line would encourage higher levels of energy consumption and sidetrack attempts to promote energy conservation. Baud 011 a report ill the New River Free Pre,;.,;, available from Box 846: Blacksburg. VA 24063. 1165 MEGAWATTS OF POLLUTION Nawn.I World New. ScMc:e The Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League (BREDL) is warning thar Duke Power Company is planning to build a 1165 megawau electric generating plant in Lowesville, NC in the piedmont county of Lincoln. The plant would be fined to operate on either diesel fuel or natural gas, but the primary fuel source would be diesel. When running on diesel fuel, the plant would tum out 4,278 pounds of sulfur dioxide per hour, according to BREDL director Janet Hoyle. Sulfur dio,ude is a main component of the complex of pollutants that produces acid rain. The plant is proposed as a peak power generating plant. meaning that it would only operate at times of peak power demand when electricity is most profitable. Duke originally asked that the plant be allowed to operate 3,500 hours per year, but later reduced their request 10 2,000 hours per year. The proposed site for the plant is 56 miles southeast of the Linville Gorge Wildeme:.s .Arca. Data collecred by Duke Power and the NC Department of Environmental Management (DEM) show that prevailing wind patterns would bring the acidifying pollution directly into the Class I wilderness area. In their initial application. Duke admitted that operating at 3,500 hours per year, the plant would inetcase acid deposition in Linville Gorge 400-500%. Even at the scaled-back operating time, acid pollution from the plant would be considerable. The US Fore.st Service will have the right to review the plant to see if it would adversely affect the air quality of the gorge. For mare information· Bl~ Ridgt E,wironmenra/ Dtfe11St uag~ Box8JJ Gltndalt Spr111gs. NC 28906 �DYING SOILS, DYING WATERS: Natural World r-iews SPECIAL REPORT Pollution, Collusion, and the Future of the Eastern Forests by Emmett Greendigger The 1990 Clean Air Acl seemed to many citizens to be a sign that lhe federal government would finally begin to rectify a decade of willful neglect of envirorunenlal issues. Now, however, little more than a year after the act's passage, scientists are beginning to conclude that the reductions in atmospheric emissions mandated by the bill will not be sufficient to protect sensitive forest areas or mountain streams. Resean:hers are discovering alarming damage to forests and streams, damage that to a great extent was ignored or soft-pedaled by the government studies that led to the Qean Air Act, and many scientists and environmentalists charge that the research on the effects of acid precipitation carried on by the Reagan and Bush administrations was full of design flaws, done in collusion with industry, and guided by politics more than by objective science. They charge that the research was, in effect, rigged in favor of "business as usual," rigged to such an extent that many feel that the Oean Air Act is merely a baby-step toward protection of the natural landscape. Scientific srudies of atmospheric deposition began in earnest in the late l 970's when the governments of US President Jimmy Carter and Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau initialed cooperative research of the freshwater acidification that was beginning to appear in eastern Canada and the Adirondack Mountains of upper New York State. The bilateral rcseareh was carried out with the understanding that by 1980 an agreement to reduce sulfur emissions by 50% would be in place in ordec to protect freshwater bodies in eastern Tunic Island. But the regressive environmental policies of the Reagan administration delayed nnd diluted the bilaternl rese~. and several imponam US researchers were fired from the study and replaced by scientists who were willing to tolerate the new administration's stalling. Throughout the I 980's, to deflect crittcism, Reagan's people pointed to the $570 million National Acid Precipitation AsS¢ssment Program (NAPAP) established by Congress in 1980. By 1982, the US-Canada project had been terminated. [n its place was I\APAP. whose smted purpose was to gather a database of information about the effects of atmospheric deposition to guide Congre~s through the rewriting of the Clean Air Act. llowevcr. throughout NAPAP's history, scientisis of both the public and priv:11c sectors ha~·e tried to \\1lm environmentalist, of collusion between government and indwmy on the study. Funds from electric unlity companic~ and the papc-nnaldng industry - obviously not dis1nten.:stcd observers - backed large portions of the study, ,, hteh intlucnccd the condusions brought in by the NAP AP research. These charges are based in part on the otherwise inexplicable w:iy that NAPAP nam)\\t!d thc Xn111nf1 )0111110{ ne::: == scope and range of acid-induced forest decline studies. Vermont's camel's Hump and Hubbard Brook in New Hampshire were omitted as study sites, despite the fact that these rwo eastern sites have the longest record of soil changes related to acid rain. Until 1986 forests in the Ohio River Valley the source of many of the pollutants that cause acid rain - were not studied, simply because there had been no papers published in scientific journals suggesting that there was a problem in the region. Scientists also assen that the results of the research were manipulated by a design flaw: NAPAP's forest studies were limited to a single measurement of the nuaieru content of the soils at study sites, rather than a methodology developed in Europe which measures the rate of change in values over time. Again, it is difficult to figure out why NAPAP researchers chose the older method. when a study of true rates of change would have been far more useful to Congress. Not until 1985, halfway through the research period, when William Ruckelshaus replaced Anoe Gorsuch Burford as administrator of the EPA, did serious research into forests and soils begin in eamesL But by then it was too late. There was little time for the imponant "reality checks," field work, or the peer review and publication required by NAPAP of all its researchers. Consequently the Clean Air Act was rewriuen while important new findings about acid-induced forest decline were still being evaluated. Nonh Carolina State University pathologist Roben Bruck received NAPAP funding for seven years lOstudy forest decline in Kalllah's high-altitude spruce-ftr forests. I !is findings were largely omitted from NAPAP's final repon to Congress (despite the fac t that they were completed, tested, nnd reviewed as specified by NAPAP). The final repon asserted that an invasion of aphids was responsible for spruce-fir deaths on some of Kaufah's highest peaks. According 10 Bruck, this flies in the face of the research he submitted 10 NAPAP, which showed that only 35% of the dead trees at such sites as Mount Mitchell, Grandfather Mountain. and the Grc:u Smokv Mountains National Parl.. were infested with aphids. What Bruck found were soil pH levels as low as 2.7 and 2.8 and rampant aluminum toxicity levels in the forest soils. (See Kattialt /()11mal #9). This kind of data, for obviou~ reasons, is not pleasing to electric utilitr and paper companic~. and evidently the .government shan.:s the corporate distaste for emissions reductions. a~ it chose rather to blame nature for fon:M decline in Katuah. Bruck and other scientist~ now tlclie,e that one of the m:ij(.)r cause~ of fir die-back and forest decline in eastern Turtle lslnnd 1s the change m soil nutnents that occurs a~ lhl" soil becomes increasingly acidic. Nurogcn compounds found in acid min an: 1hought to be a primary culpri1. Levels of nitrogen exceeding by 20 to 40 times the wnounts that soil could assimilate have been found in declining forests all over the East. These findings correspond to research results in Germany, too, where nitrogen deposition is thought to be a primary factor in the catastrophic waldsrerben ("forest death") in the Black ForesL Recent European findings also indicate that in order to halt the damage, nitrogen emissions must be brought down as close as possible to the levels found in unaffected soil communities. Despite all this, NAPAP still seems determined to understate the problem. In a position paper published last summer, NAPAP officials stated that Eastern forests do not show any "widespread problems," a position that seems unforrunatcly consistent with their apparent lack of concern about forest decline. Already, the much-ballyhooed Clean Air Act begins to look like nothing more than a "first step" toward reversing the acid-induced damage to the forests. Scientists now believe that nitrogen emissions must be reduced by 75% (rather than the 15-25% required by the Clean Air Act) to halt the damage from atmospheric pollution. In contrast, the NAPAP repon to Congress stated that fonnerly "nitrogen deficient" soils in commercial pine forests in the South were being "enriched" by nitrogen deposition, and its comments about the effects of nitrogen compounds on other forest types is so rife with qualifying phrases like "might ...could...potentially" that it seems bent on dismissing or discounting the findings of many of its own researchers. It seems that it will be quite some time before we will see any tightening of the Clean Air Act's controls on nitrogen emissions. Meanwhile, concerned researchers believe that eastern forests will collapse within fifty years, as undernourished and weakened trees give in to insects and disease, not to men1ion a newer nemesis: lhe stress from climate changes associated with the "greenhouse effect." As if the sl)\.-Clre of forests thinning, browning, and dying were not enough, it also appears chat Kauiah's seemingly pristine mountain stream.\ are also extrJordinarily vulnerable to the effects of acid pn.-cipitation, A spate or recently released studies shows thc11 extensive damage has already been done to manr headwmcrs and streams in the Central and Southern Appal,1chians, including heavy losses to native brook trout popula1i(.)ns. Like the forest rescar\:h, these studies indica1e that the emissions reductions mandated by the Clean Air Act \\ill barely begin 10 solve 1hc problem. 111c dire condi1ion of Appaktchi,1n mountain \\aters has been rnost thorough!)' documentL'<l by Dr. James Gallov.uy of the Environnk'nt:il Sciences Dcpanmcnt at the University of Virginia. who since the mid-1970\ h~s published widely nbom Lhe many ,1spccts of the acid precipitation problem. In 1979, rnrr. 1 in9c 22 - 1991 �Galloway and a research team began the Shenandoah Watershed Study (SWAS), a ;om1 project undenaken by the University of Virginia and the National Park Service 10 "understand the processes that govern b1ogeochemical cycles'' in the streams of Shenandoah National Park (SNP). Since the SNP receives the highest sulfur deposition load of any national park. the SW AS turned out to be a far-sighted study of the potential effects of acidification in freshwater aquatic ecosystems in the Southern Appalachians. After a decade of research, the final SWAS repon indicated "a poor prognosis for aquatic watcrsystcms in Shenandoah National Park, due to a combination of watershed sensitivity and elevated acidic deposition." The Galloway team concluded that 1hc dcposi1ion of sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrogen had increased as much as tenfold from preinduslrial levels. The SW AS process of sampling streams on a weekly basis over the ten years of its research enabled it to make three primary conclusions: "1) that a large number of SNP streams were poorly buffered against acidification; 2) that the acidification process was being temporarily delayed by sulfate re1en1ion in v.a1ershcd soils: and 3) that the acidification of SNP streams was an ongoing process.'' SW AS researchers predict that some 38% of 1he streams will end up with pl I level~ below 6.0, the "biologically critical" level for such streams, while the pH levels of 25o/i: or the streams will decline 10 a pl I level of 4.7, near-total acidity. In 1987, 10 broaden his study area, Galloway and his researchers and a crew of volunteers from Virgioiu's Trout Unlimited organization began to monitor 350 streams in Virginia's mountains. Preliminary repons were alarming. The researchers found that 93% of the streams were sensi1ive to acid deposition, and that some 49% of those were extremely sensitive. Only 7% were found to be adequately buffered by watershed soils. Additionally, 10% of rhc streams were already found to be acidic; in a natural s1ate 3% or less would be normal. Galloway then chose 65 of those streams for further monitoring. In June 1989 his research team reponed its findings, concluding tha1 in spite of the fac1 that the state's mountain streams drain "relatively TnCt, 1991 pristine catchments proteeted from direc1 man-m.'lde impacts," they were ''receiving heavy loads of sulfur from man-made sources." They predic1ed that, assuming l 990 deposition levels, at least 32% and possibly as muny of 88% of the states 450 native trout s1reams will become acidic, with pH levels 100 low 10 support the forage fish. trout, amphibians, and aquatic insects who presently live in and around these streams. We can expect to see che same here in Kaufoh, and soon. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park receives the second highest level of acidic precipitation of any region of the eas1~rn United Srntcs. While the lower deposition levels in Katuah have delayed the kinds of effects seen in Virginia, as early as 1978, NacionaJ Park Service researchers had no1ed 1he poor buffering capabilities of the streams in the park\ higher elevations. And in 1984, EPA researchers found the Davidson River near Brevard in the French Broad River watershed had a pH level of 6.55, dangerously near the biological threshold of 6.0, placing it in 1hc "extremely sensiuve" range. According to scientists. this rrcnd will worsen with 1ime. Among them, conscrva1ive estimates hold that sensitive streams in Kattiah's watersheds will undergo coipplete alkalinity loss within 40 to 50 years. Since levels of acid deposition follow a nonh-south gr.tdient along the Appalachian chain, we can look to moun1ain s1reams farther nonh to predict our own future. In the Pennsylvania highlands, researchers found no living trour in 20%.ofthe headwater streams and concluded that "the streams having no fish as a group had significantly lower pl-I and alkalinity and higher dissolved aluminum than those with fish." More ominous evidence comes from West Virginia. According to Don Gasper, a fisheries biologist with the Wes1 Virginia Department of Natural Resources, the Cranberry River rqrinllXI rrorn TMG/acu,J E.rr01ic in the south-central pan of the stale is already "lost." Fish population data for the Cranberry have been kept since 1957. making it one of the few eastern rivers for which historical change can be documented. Over the past 30 years, fish biomass in the Cranberry has decreased from 15 pounds per acre to less than five pounds per acre, and 1he number of fish species in the river has declined from 15 to eight. Since the Oanberry drains one of the largest wilderness areas in the East, Gasper believes that "the only disturbance in that watershed is that acid rain has been falling on it for 40 years." The higher deposition levels in the north account for the rapid changes and drastic losses, but Katuah's lower acid deposition levels do not mean that we will not see similar effec1s. In fact, the reduced pH and alkalinity levels found now in our streams are familiar 10 chose who have becm tracking the nonhem streams for the pasr decade. According to Mark Hudy, a fisheries biologist who studied the St. Mary's River in Virginia as it died from acidification, "The St Mary's may be a precursor of things to come, what we'll all be looking at in 10 years...the water quality on the St. Mary's when I sampled the river 10 yean; ago was like what we have now on rivers farther south." Whal can be done 10 reverse the acidification of Katuah's streams? Can we learn anything from the damage to northern streams? Most scientists arc pessimistic. They lament that the region's streams were neglected during the I980's as the Reagan and Bush ndministra1ions stalled essential environmental research. And, like their colle,igues in soils and fores1 research, the freshwater biologists do not feel l_ha1 the reduc1ions mandated by the Clean Air Act will be able to reverse the damage done. They believe that a 70-80% redui;tion in emissions might begin 10 restore acidifying streams. According to Rick Webb. professor of Environmental Sciences at the Universi1y of Virginia, the n:quired 50% reduction in sulfur emissions will mean that "only a small number of the strea,n~ will incrca-.e in :ilkalinity; most will still decline." The state of West Virginia and the US Forest Service are trying mitigation measures - adding limestone to streams and lakes to bolster their alkalinity - to reduce lhe damage done by acid precipitation. But this method is costly and strictly temporary. It is not a means of rcs1oration for mountain streams. Most biologists feel that the the money and effon devoted to mnigation would be better spent on funher research, and they believe that only one thing will begin 10 save freshwater ecosys1ems in the East: drastic reductions of acidic emissions. Political analy~ts think it unlikely that there will be any funhcr emissions control measures from Washington for at leas, a decade. They point out chat even the Clean Air Act levels represent a compromise, that allies of the coal and u1ili1y industries auempted to drive sulfur emissions reductions as low as si:it million tons, from the original call for a 12 million ton reduction, and did succeed in having the number sliced to 10 million ions in the finnl version of the net. This does not leave many scientislS optimistic about the future of forests and streams in the East Aske.cl if he 1hough1 that Southern Appalachian streams would ever recover, Jim Galloway replied, ''Some will recover," he said, .. but not most" It appears that after the long twilight of environmental neglect in the 1980's, the Clean Air Act is a case of "roo little. too late" - a political pacifier too rife with compromise and collusion to address in any honest, meaningful way the damage already done by acid min and atmospheric deposition - not to mention the damage not yet e1,ident and the damage still occurring. An old maxim says tha1 politics is the an of compromise. But unless politics can be put aside, dead forests and dead streams will bear out another U\lth: nature bas its own bottom line. And nature bats last. / X.Otuaf, )ournn( poCJC 23 �SONGS IN THE WILDERNESS From the time I was two years of age J spent most or my childhood summers on my grandparent's farm in nonhem Colorado. In the small town where I lived I was surrounded by a warm extended family. There was plenty of activity and always another child to play with. But on the farm the days dragged on. l can remember walking up the dirt road away from the farm, acutely aware of my loneliness, feeling overwhelmed by the vastness of the rolling hills and endless grasslands that extended for miles in every direction. It seemed that I moved aimlessly through a landscape which had nothing to do with me. In this self-consciousness of monality I became aware of myself as separate from nature. It was a moment of primal loneliness such as everyone must face. This modem human condition is not that far removed from the tribal legacy. We still require a personal initiation, a way for each person to make peace with the natural world. We have separated ourselves by our ability to create worlds outside the cycles of nature, yet ii is our creauve abilities that offer us ways back in - into wholeness, communication and love. The pathways, the links, the mediations, the magic needs to be made at a personal level. We must ovcreome our animal fear of isolation and death, and reach out with our consciousness if we are to mature as human beings. IL was at this moment of acute loneliness that I first began to sing to the Eanh and the sky. I found that the ttan~fonnative power of song was miraculous. From that day on, there was a connection for me between the Earth and my walking on the Earth and the song. I remember walking down that same din road in a state of bliss, singing my heart out in thanksgiving for yet another spectacular sunset I found that when I sang, the world seemed 10 light up and lighten up. Phenomena that was of n transitory nature, such as a cloud shadow passing over a rolling hill, was suddenly revealed to me in breath-catching splendor. Sometimes I sang loud, sometimes soft. Sometimes r skipped and sang, or danced and sang at the same time. Special evencs, such as the bright crispness after a summer thunderstorm called for celebration songs. There were songs waiting for me everywhere; songs in the elm grove in the pasnm: and dJffcrcnt songs down by the river. Singing is a great protection. It sets up vibration which cuts through time and space. With our voices we extend the boundaries of our bodies. In metaphysical terms, singing causes the aura to radiate, which strengthens the body. In ancient primitive societies, everyone danced and sang their feelings about the inevnable passages of life. There were min dances and war dances and songs to help rhe com grow. There is evidence that the use of music as transforming was much more sophisticated than the simple melody, lyrics, and rhythm format that we use today. ror instance, at many ancient sacred sites the acoustics arc very unusual. Circular walls and passages can warp, bend, and amplify sound. ln such a place, a single voice could have created modulations, ovenoncs, and vibratos. Add on the possibility of a chorus with echoes, a drum or two, and a flute, and the sound must have been magnificent. What these sounds were used for, whether for healing, initiation rites, or simply for the sheer joy of creation, we no longer know. The Peace Chamber being built by Joseph Rael, at the Earth Center in Swannanoa, NC and scheduled for completion this fall, is a modem example of a Native American sound chamber. Joseph's vision of an oval shaped sound chamber has resulted in the construction of 17 of these chambers worldwide. The purpose of each is to amplify chants for world peace. I visited the roofless building at the Earth Center in spring. Even without a roof, and possibly because of the circular walls, the acoustics were already unusual. Also worth noting is that the chamber is on a very potent earth energy site. The combination of sound, eanh energy, and architecrual design should pack some real power into songs for peace. Looking back at my childhood songs from the adult perspective, I realize that the singing put me into an extended altered state, that it was magic at its height. ft pulled me completely out of the depression of loneliness and gave me practical tools for survival. It taught me to appreciate solitude. It is only in solitude that songs come to me again. If there is a song waiting for me, J try 10 leave my adult cares behind and enter into the woods with the innocence of a child. I make no judgement about the quality of my voice or how ridiculous I might sound if someone should happen to hear me. There is a great joy and freedom in this. by Charlotte Homsher Dnawmg by Rob Mcs,ick / (<ontin~ rram l"'i• 9) We must convince the public and our officials that a healthy environment is an absolute requirement for a healthy economy and not the other way around. The measure of what should be done 10 protect the environment is nor a mailer of good "business as usual" economics. We must work ar the local level to do whatever is possible to move toward a society that protects its ecosystems. We must lower as quickly a.\ we can the strains society places on our ecosystems. This includes land use practices, development of less damaging and less energy intensive transponation, protection of enough critical area 10 suppon all native species, and controlling our population within geographic areas so that the carrying capacity of the area is not exceeded or is balanced within a larger regional complex. Finally, we must lead in an accelerated movement to lower the environmental impact of human habitation on Eanh. This involves limiting the numbers of of humans Earth is . JCnt.i'mfi Journnl pQ(Jc 24 asked 10 suppon, making marked improvcmcnis in our use of natural resources, and bnnging human activities down within a safety buffer set by the rates of geological, geochemical. and biological processes. John Freeman is 1he chair of the Pisgah Group of the Sierra Club. lie was a profcs.'ior of billlogy at Wimltrop College fnr 30 years. He is al.w uwhor of 1he b()<J/c Survival Gardening, which he and lu"s 11'ife Grace self-published. The Freemaris are presemly retired in Brevard, NC i11 the headwaters of the French Broad River waterslted. This article 11-as reprimedfrom Foor notes. the 11cws/e1ter of the North Carolina Clwp1er ofthe Siella Club. The 11ewsletfer is al'ailable to Sierra Club members ill the Stale For membership i11fonnatio11, write the Sierra Club, 530 Bush St ; San Francisco, CA 94108. (conllnucd from P"te 11) Overall, I think it was Sequoyah himself who best evaluated thi: impact of his \\1'lting sy:acm: ''What I am doing will not make our people the less respected." - r«orded by OW Tom Undi'rwood. a liftlong rt.<id,·nt of the Qua/la Boundary Rt.<en•aJion has always been rnlt!rtsred ,n tht Clu:rol.Lt! cultural and arti.<tic traditions. lie 1s a con1tnuing .rouru of knowledge on the old wuys oftht tribe (stt Kn1tfah Journal 115) as wdl as be1n11 a mo1or suppoNu of conttmporary Indian arnsu. 1'om had ,.,;urn a manuscript for a hworical booklet on tk lift qf St!quo>·ah which was,,, his Mt:d1cint: Man Craft Shep the night tht! building was thstroycd byjirt!in 19..~Z. llt: has since bun rebwlding hisf/lt!s on the nativt! gcmus. llt! is ._·ell acquaintt!d With thl' life of ti~ man who brought 1k Chuoktt 1ht ,.,illt!n "'ord :Fa(f., 199 I �S00YEARS OF RESISTANCE! In October of 1492, as we all learned in grammar school, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue and landed in the Antilles to become the first European to record his encounter with the land and people of the Tunle Island conrinent. Of the land he found, Columbus wrote: "Large and very green trees, and great lagoons, around which the trees stand in marvelous groves. Flocks of parrots darken the sun and there is a marvelous variety of large and small birds, very different from our own; the trees arc of many kinds, each with its own fruit, and all have a marvelous scent." Of the native people he met in the Antilles, who later were named the Taino, Columbus wrote: "They are so affectionate and have so little greed and are in all ways so amenable that there is in my opinion no better people and no better land in the world. They love their neighbors as themselves and their way of speaking is the sweetes1 in the world, always gentle and smiling." Within a year of Columbus' landfall, the "miraculous groves" were gone, cleared to make way for the rancheros and plantations that would make the large contingent of Spanish seulers wealthy, and mining had spoiled the "great lagoons," not to mention rivers, mountains, and native farmlands. Within that year too, several thousand Taino were shipped 10 Europe as slaves, marking the beginnings of the slave trade. Those who remained fell victim to European diseases against which they had no resistance, and to the barbarism and tyranny of the colonists. Thus was set the pattern of ecocide and genocide which has been the dominant force in the modem history of the Americas. As the 500th anniversary of Columbus' "discovery" of the "New World" approaches, it appears unlikely !hat the myriad official festivities sponsored by governments of Europe and the Americas will expose the darker legacy of ~uropean conquest. What they will offer instead is a "QuincenteMial Jubilee" marked by all the hoopla, pride, and patriotism that modem technology can stir up. fo!C, 199 1 r However. a grcA1nd weft qf publi{ , opposition. led by moigendus groups in Nonh and South America, is gathering force to assure that the celebrations do more than glorify the ecocide and genocide wrought by Columbus and the other colonists and missionaries who followed him. In July of 1990 representatives of 120 indigenous nations, tribes, and organizations met for the first time in Quito. Ecuador to discuss their peoples' slruggles for self-de1ermination and 10 organi1..e a unified lndi:tn response to the official 1992 Jubilee celebrations. Their plans call for alternative gatherings 10 celebrate 1he resistance chat has enabled Indians 10 survive the centuries of genocide and opprei.sion chat 1hey have suffered at the hands of the Euro-Americans. The coali1ion is also recalling that many myths and prophecies of native peoples throughout Turtle Island say 1ha1 chis period of oppression would la.~t for 500 years, when it would be replaced by a period of change ("Pachakutek'.) that will lead ro a better life for the people, a life lived once again in harmony with Molher Eanh. At a time when the Euro-American way of life is threatening lhe survival of all peoples and of the planet itself, we all would do well to listen and 10 follow lhe example set by the indigenous people of a more harmonious way of being. It is up to us to make 1992 the first year of Pachakutek, not the 501st year of colonialism. Resource pacuis for those inttrtsted in organiting local alttrna1i11ts to the official/ts1111i11ts art availablt from the following: - Scarborough Fortign l,fiS$ion; 2685 Kingston Rd.; Scarborough. 0111ario. Canada MI M IM4. Jnclude a nwney donotion 10 CO\ltr prillting ONJ postagt. - Cltrgy ONJ Lairy Concerned; Box /91J7; Decatur, G~ 3003/ for $5.00 postpaid The Sowh and Mtso-American Jndim, Information Ctnttr. which strvts as a liason betwun Indian people of the sowhcrn and the northern con1intn1s. Is a good sourct of1nforma1io11 aboUJ the alttrnativt ac1ivi11es plan11td throughow the Americas. Write to SAJJC: Box 7550, Berktlty, CA 94707. 1/'Jf)U art illltresttd in helping 10 organiu ahernativt 1992 t~nlS in Kataiah, write Jeff Smith at 207 Coxt A~.: Ashevillt NC 28801 or call (704) 259-5333. - by cmmtll Grundiggu Save James Bay Stop Hydro-Quebec! Ancestral lands of the Cree and Inuit cultures as well as the entire James Bay ecosystem are being threatened by a mega-hydroelectric project known as the James Bay Project James Bay, a shallow salt water bay which forms the southern tip of Hudson Bay in Canada, is the largest nonhcrn river drainage system for Tunic Island. Fresh water from vinually every major river in the hean of 1he continent flows into James Bay where it mixes with the Bay's snit w:lter over marshy tidal flats to create a vast and diverse ecosystem. 'These rivers make the Bay a rich ecosystem teeming with caribou, moose, :i: ~;wer as wellbearseals.1he manyl3cluga as walrus, whales, polar and anadromous fish that return from the ocean 10 spawn in the fresh water rivers of James Bay. This is also the nesting and s1aging ground for the 'central flyway' for most migratory birds from geese and ducks to some shore birds who may carry ou1 a migrncion that brings them as far south as Tierra del Fuego.....(Thc land around James Bay) has a dclica1e ecology of coastal mmhes, muskeg and pinelands that provide a rich garden in which the animals and Native people have lived for tens of thousands of years." (Winona l..aDuke) The fames Bay Project is a mega proJect of Hydro-Quebec. Quebec's Premier, Robert Bourassa. sees 1he entire province as "a vase hydro·elcctrie plant in the bud... ". Phase I (1971-1985) of the Project has already destroyed a great deal of habiUlt and lands. Phase II and Phase lll are even more massive undertakings. Phase II would impact an area greater than New York State and New England combined and would destroy 15 major rivers. However, Phase III is the most extravagant. h is a $JOO billion scheme to build a 100 mile dike across the mouth of James Bay so that freshwater from 1he Bay can be pumped (possibly by nuclear pumps) to the Great Lakes, and then to the Midwest and Southwest United States! This project if completed would cause devastation of the entire James Bay ecosystem which is the hean of the largest remaining wilderness in Tunic Island as well the cultural genocide of the native people who would lose their traditional means of subsistance through hunting, trnpping and fishing. Already ten thousand migrating caribou have drowned crossing the Caniapiscau River during a 1984 Hydro-Quebec water release. If all the dams proposed by Hydro-Quebec arc built, 350,000 square kilometers will be directly impacted, Over 25,000 ~uare kilometers \I.ill be flooded. Countless lakes, ponds and temporary ponds will be drowned. Critical wildlife habitat will be fragmented and migration routes destroyed. Destruction of chis habicat will doom thousands of migratory bird~. In September of 1990. the Canadian National Energy Board approved the expon of Hydro-Quebec electrici1y 10 the US. There are formal efforts in Maine. Vermont, and New Yorlc to call for the cancellation of any contrnc1s with Hydro-Quebec. lndividuals and organizations around North America art' joining the fight to save James Bay. For more informa1ion. contacr: Northeast Alliance to Protect James Bav 139 Anrrim Street / Cambridge, MA 02139 .. (617) 491-553 I • X.Ot uc:ih Journot J>CIIJC 25 �. ", DRUMMING LETTERS TO KA TUAH Dear Kmualt, This kulwie says that idle hands arc the devil's wockshop when iJs preuy damn obvious IO anyone who sits down and thinks about it that idle hands nrc definitely not a workshop and that the devil's worbhop has m1111y many busy busy hands. Ovec achiever type A workaholics with hyperactive thyroids have predictably lllken over at the throUle of neatly everything and ate proceeding to make the world a miserable place to be for anyone who likes to go fishing or read a boolt or simply to do her pan in the effort to conserve energy by silLing down and bcmg quiet. Motorboats chum our lakes into oily froth. AirpLllles arc aJmo:.t always whining in our cars. All terrain vehicles defile the America others pass by. shnttcring silence and leaving ruts that open into gullies lhat are geo logical re minders of the passing of some busy idiot who wos out SpiMing his wheels and wasting all sorts of resow-ces when he should have been home playing with his luds or l:lying in a hammock. Poople in general and rncD m particular QJ'C taught that Ill order to be respected we should make our mark on a world. The world is nlrcady llWkcd up with graffitti-like doings of the do-do culture and what we now need 10 learn moSt is s10pping. Don't just do something, Slalld there. Will Ashe Boson Floyd, VA DcarKmuoh. Vour article about dowsing slruck an inu:rcsting chord with me. I have been fortunate 10 get to hike with a group of Retired Citi,..cns or Gatlinburg over the past sevcml months, and because of that have met some very fascinating people not the least or whom is a man named Herb Oabo, a real mountain man who gi-ew up in the Roaring Fork section of what is now the Great Smoky Mountnins National Park:. He now lives in that same area about two houses from the Park bouod:IJ'y. He still climbs the mowitnins and walks the ridges almost every day. At 80 he is still ahead of the pack except when he siops IO share a bit of history or a talc of sons. It i.~ one of t!lcse talcs that came tO mind when I read your article. Herb can divine for bodies! • and find them. The rods arc held loosely in the hands and when he comes IO the grave. they tum in. I have watched him do this and it is exuemely fascinating. The Parle Service asked him and Frank Cart.er, another dowser. 10 help them with a cemetery in the Roaring Forlc section which had been badly damaged by tourists - roc:ks which were really old grave m:utcrs had been knocklxl over and some even canicd out of the cemetery. With 1he1r dowsing rods, Hcrb and Frank were able to rcnlign the graves, replace the m:IJ'kcrs, and arc now c:nrrying fill din to cover the IOOlS and ftll in washouts caused by the he.Ivy lrllff'ic of many feet. For the umc being. the ccmelCI)' is fenced off and will be unul the n:pciiring and =ding arc compleled. In that ccrnclct)'. thctc iS a grave for a leg. A man lost his leg in a logging occident and Xnti1af1 JounmC p119c 26 insisted on having it buried with a formnl funeral. Herb u:11s another inlelCsting story about finding the grave of Jasper Mellinger. Years ago Jasper had "l:ud-by" his com crop and was going to Nonh Carolina 10 work a few days tn a blacksmith's shop. Instead of walking the long way around, he took the "nigh" way through the hills. Art Huskey had a bear uap set and Jasper got caught m 11. On finding him there. it is alleged, Art or his son knocked poor Jasper in the head with a pine knot and buried him m a shallow grave. Herb was detenmncd to find lhnt grave. long since heavily overgrown. He walked the hills for about a year bcfo,e he loaltcd the grave only 10 discover there were four bodies buried in the =e area. He ha.~ cleaned out lllOUlld the graves • and a path lending 10 them and 1s now placing mnriccrs for t!lcse people. He has deccnnincd who three or the bodies arc and will mark the other "unknown: Hero is a real storehouse of knowledge and mountnin lore. Barbara Wickersham DcarK01111Jh, I read with great in~t the interview with Tom Hendricks, "The Responsibilities of Dowsing,· in the Summer "91 issue of Kmu.o.lt JournLJI. Hoving recently writu:n IO the Amctic:ln Society of Dowsers expressing concern at the non-holiSllc actions of some dowsers, I found Tom's comments cncoumging. I have been dowsing for a number of YeaA, mostly locating with L-rods. More recently I hnvc been conccntroting on trying to undcrslll.nd Eanh energies. I rend, and dowse., and find, but feel the need to work with someone who really knows what they arc doing. Look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Joy Doheny DeatKmuah, s Something a wrong with the U.S. Forest Service le:idcrship. They can't 11\llnage our forests properly due to a spurious pl31l they adoJ)led 25 years ago. h can be likened 10 a disease in its effccL Call 11 "clcarcuHLtS." Ever since they've been obsessed with denuding our forestS. They promoted the spread of this infection to colleges and univen;iucs th.It prcp:ire future foresters. Certain limber interests, long affiicu:d with th IS dlSCaSC. have wdcd and supponcd the Fore.st Service leadership m iL~ addiction and arc confusing us with a SS0,000.000 misinformation campain. Their purpose: 10 cut the 5~ left of our ancient forests at huge profits to them.,;elves within the neitl 5 to 10 years using the befuddled Fo~ Service leadership to gnm their end. Once it was the people and the Forest Service versus timbcrers. Now it is umbcrcrs and the Forest Service versus the people. A tide of public concern is rising IO stem this disease in its devnsiation with powerful mcdicruion to be pn:scribcd by Congress. Previous prescriptions have failed because the Forcst Servioc leadership refuses 10 swallow the medicine that would return it to its fonner stnte ofhc:llth. The "Santa Claus syndrome." of practically giving away our trees hntvesu:d at our expense. is also of gi-eat concern to people. tn lodinnn 120,000 people signed petitiOns and wrote thousands of leuets, including congressmen and lhe governor, ealling for protection of biological diversity and regeneration of old growth. A poll of voiers 31'0und the Hoosier National Forest showed 69% are so upset they want to bnn all logging. The entire congressional delcgnuon or fllinois is demanding the Forest Service Stop being Sania Claus with below-cost sales. Arl<ansas and Texas have asked for a halt 10 clearcutting. South Carolina people arc asking for a ch411ge m mn~cment. In North Carolina over 16,000 people and over a thousand businesses signed pctiuons in a shon period of time 10 halt clearculting. A number of Forest Service employees and supervisors, not willing to allow this disease to reach epidemic proportions. are organizing and asking thru the infected leadership accept prescribed congressional medication so that the Forest Service can survive. I must add that a number of private forest growers with large and small forc.~ts arc not infccu:d with "clenrcu1-1tis." They arc surviving low prices caused by Rnst Service leadership direction. These forests are a JOY 10 visit compared with the shambles pre.sent m our ll3tionaJ forests. These many growers arc not liqu1d3tors. They believe in a tomonow for themselves and their children. Why can't this be true for the nntional forests? Grandfather and Grandmother, we have the time. We love this land and want 10 leave it beucr for our children and grandchildren. We've seen the umber locuslS consume our forest before. It doesn't have to happen to the Inst gr.md trecS standing. Th.rec bills in commitu:c need support; HR 2S01, HR 1969, and HR 842 to help k.ill the infoction. Three congressmen 10 reach arc Harold Volkmer. Eda la Gana, Goorge Miller (House of Rcprcscntativcs, Wnshington. DC 20015). There arc also three senators; D.ile Bum~, Pntricl; Leahy, and Wyche Fowler (Scn.,tc Office Building. Washington, DC 20010). Even though our hands arc tired and weary, \YOn't you pick up a pen and write? Let's inspire them in Washington. Bob Gerry Franklin, NC Drawing by Rob Messick rnrc., 1991 �Dear Ka1uah. A friend gave me his copy or your Summer'!) I Ka1uah Journal. nnd I am impressed by lhe imcgri1y of lhe journal. One of my grcn1-grnndmothcrs wns a full-blooded Cherokee, plus my family hns roois in 1he Miami Nation. Sadly, I never paid any heed to this heritage until the last yenr or so. though I have always been an enrth person. ever drawn 10 nature fascinated by forcsis, ~ueruns, wild Iire, lightning. I rc.ili:u: that this is pan of my being, and am beginning 10 look more closely at the wisdom of thOl,e who came before me. I would hkc 10 know if a publicauon s1m1lar 10 your; cxisis in the Indiana region. I would be interested in lellming more about my foreflnhcrs, but I'm n0t too sure where 10 start. Thank you for :iny help you can offer. and 1100k forward 10 hearing from you soon. Since my return home I have fell myself often "losing focus· with nil the technology nnd matcriohstic vibrations that surround me. I h3ve found th3l one thing I can do 1s make my way to a stnnd of treeS very ncnr here and allow myself 10 recapture lhc feeling of the Smokies, the •me· I am working with the Appalachian Women's Guild on the Monteagle Mountain ~lion of the Cumberland Platc3u. It seems lO me, thot this mountain could be an exemplary bioregional devclopmen1 - it cou.kl become self-sufftcienL ll is at this lime extrcmdy depressed economically which Respectfully, Jeff Zaclulry Dcar Ka1uah. IC I h:id closed my eyes and envisioned the perfect. most harmonious appro:ich 10 life in the Soulhem Appalachians I could not have crentcd :i more beautiful image than lhc people who conlribute 10 your journal and those who arc the rtal members of the Katu:ih Province. I think I hove found my venue, and my only regret is that Tdid not have the courage 10 head such a wonderful movement myself. I'm a graduate student at Appalnchian State University in Boone, NC studying and working lO preserve the biodiversity and ecology of these great mounlllins. I have struggled with 10lerance of the modern, dcvelopmcn1-00nsumcd elite of this town and this region. I am so happy 10 find the power in your numbers. Please let me know more about your cause. your people, and your apparent passions 10 prcscrvc the way of the conscious man and womnn. I wnnt 10 be a part of the movement, and be counted among you. God Bless, J1mmy Bnrbcc -=---- Dear KaJuah, I was recently introduced 10 your wonderful publication and would like 10 know more about K01uah and how I can become involved. In the past it seems I made less lime for myself 10 read or enjoy the beauty or life nround me. However, due 10 a recent car occident I've found myself with the time lO do anything and the physical ability 10 do almost nOthing. So I n::id. I probably never would have come 10 know my world, or Katuah, if it were not for the accident and a special man in Lake Toxaway who lOOk the time 10 talk 10 me about life, healing, and Ka1uah. For th:11 I am very thank:ful. I thank God as I grow physically and spiritually stronger everyday, and look forward 10 living as I never have. Seize the Dayl Paula Flanks Dear K01uah, I live in a very popul:itcd, "built-up· pan of Florida. and decided in June to e,;plore the Smoky Mounuiin.~ with my friend 10 Slill, nnd re-center myself. We had a wonderful, amazing, and lr.lnsforming lime • and while there I discovcrcd your publication. Tm!, 1991 Paintina by S\1$111 Adam rediscovered there. The Olhcr is 10 open Ka,uoli Journal lO any page and begin IO~. The commitment :ind dedication to Life of your writcts. people like myself - puts me back on my chosen pnth. Thank you for sharing and afrummg. Yours in light, Susan Rueter To the Editors: I was given a copy or lhe Kaiuah Journal. Spring, 1991. by a friend, Cicio Myc1~k. I have just this morning read II and am moved to find such an enlightened group ru work. II IS like finding a pan of your family that had been ml$mg. r want to connect with you as projects in which 1 am im,ol ved p:irnllcl yours in this issue. I include my story which r have JUSt wriuen for the Episcopal Chwch. (see excerpt below) The opposition to a hazardous waste incinerator (three limes the size of any existing facility which promised to take haw-dous waste from at k:asl 20 sta.ics) which I organized, changed my whole life. I now work full lime on establishing a true grassroots environmental nerwork m Tennessee that will connect with other similar networks nationwide. (Thank God I hnve a husband who C113bled me lO give up my gainful employment in order 10 do this volw:uecr work.) I attended the Episcopal Church Envaronmenlal Conference ,n Kanuga. NC in April llihcte I met Jeremy Rifkin, president of the Grecnho~ Crisis Foundation in Washing10n. He invited me to auend n conference in Wa.mington at the end or Scp!Clllbcr lhnt will plan a grassroots Conunental Congress for May of 1992. I Ulke great hope that this Con tinenlal Congress will have sufficient impact on the political paities to change the t.otal disrcgrud for the environment (my opmjon) that both parties have been exhibiting. gives llS fcrtilc ground for movmg in lhc direction of interdependent living. I also work with a group which ,s creating a vision of community when: physicnlly and mentally handicapped and non-physically handicapilcd can live in an interdependent relationship where the arts and celcbrauon oflife you spcalc of will be an integral part of our circular community. We will have a biodynnmic farm, a gteenhou~. woodworking shop, Appalach1311 cmfis, design and making of allcmative clOthing for the physically challenged, a printing operation. and opportunities and encouragement for all 10 develop their individual spirituality in an atmosphere or love. In fighting the evil of the inciDCnllOr, people were brought together who have the underlilanding and cnprabililics or making the Biorcgional Economy or the whole mountain IOP work along with the special community. I celebrate your enthusiasm, your dedication, and your Being. Light and Love 10 all of you, Marilyn Williams Chau.anooga. TN ~rpttdfrom Marily11 Williams' story: Morion County LS an economically depressed, rural county comprised of a long valley swrounded by mounlllins, indented wilh coves traversed by the Tennessee River. This topogniphy results in a phenomenon cnlled thermal invCTsion. Very often, tempcroturc changes will force the air down and hold it against the floor of the valley so that it cannot escape over the mount2ins. Any kind of smoke-t;toct indu.«ry would be unusually bad ror the area. I blcr lcamcd that lhcnna1 invcnion was ·no problem· for those who warued to site a haz:lJ'dous wastt incineralor on lhe TenllCS5CC River in our county. (c:auinued on I"'&" 28) JC.Qtuah 1oumnl J)(IQe 27 �(continued from pa,:c 27) I alt.ended a meeting of our County Commission and heard lhe president of a commen:i:il hllzardous was1C incinerator COfflJXUlY IC.Jl lhe commission and all present he did nOl care whwier we voted to have him there or nol; he certainly wouldn't icll us he wouldn't be the.re. We later le:uned the same group had been defeated in four olhct counhcs through use of the Local Veto Option which we voled to hnve him there or not; he ccnainly wouldn't tell us he wouldn't be there. We lat.er learned the same group had been defeated in four olhcr • counties through use of the Locnl Vct0 Opuon which was a Tennessee law. We knew quiic well that our legislature had jus1 removed this law that gave citizens ~ right to protect their property ond lhe health and welfare of lhcir children. This 1s a constituuonnl nght bom of n Ocmocmcy. I C:lmC from Ilic rooeting angry. I was angry tlmt in a land where freedom was supposed IO nng from every mounlllln IOp, a man could siand before us and arrogantly icll u.~ he 11o us - in so many words • gomg 10 force on us something that we knew would dcsll'Oy our property values and endanger our children., lives - and for what? For profit • My anger 1ncrenscd with the rcalm1tion that the citizens of this Staie have every right to expect thc,r elcc!Cd, paid official\ to make laws to protect Ilic Jives and property of lhe people of their Staie, I snw ourselves in the posiuon of bemg forced to do the JOb for ourselves. I called a meeting or friends to organv.e n protesL I sent announcements 10 both the newspapers, but they did not print 1hcm, We had IS people ai the rll'St meeting. We each IOOk rcspons1bili1y or getting others at the next mccung, and we prepared notices to be ID.ken to the papers. At the ncxt meeting we h.ld 26 people to plan a town meeting to discuss the opposition to the incinerator. At that meeting we had press from lhe city of ChatUlnooga and 400 orderly people. After that we had the attention of the clcclcd offici.l!s and the loca.1 press and radio stations. Two months later, at 7 AM over 3,000 finn, but orderly, infonned people gathered in the .square at South PilL~burgh to confront the rcprcsentauves of FTI who came with armed Pinkenon gu:ll'ds, The people with their children wore T-shirts reading, "Two, Four. Six, Eight; WE WILL NOT INCINERATE." Cars had bumper stickers saying "DANGER - NO INCINERATOR." Posters staung firm opposiuon were held high. Many wore gas mask.~. A-:. representatives of the incinerator company Milked into the building where they had come to conclude the mlc or the propsed incinerator site, m on orderly fashion. the crowd began to chant, "Two, Four, Si~. Eight - WE WILL NOT INCINERATE!" The day b.:forc the mlly a UPl reporter who knew the area, called me and a.,ked me how mony people J thought we would have a1 the rally. I said that if--.c did 001 have 01 lcai.t 2,000 I would be sorely disappointed. He laughed, saying, "If you ha\'c 2,000 people in Marion County come out for anything, I'll be greatly surprised. Those people luve never been togcthcr on anything." When I arrived m South Piu.sburgh shortly be~ 7:0Q that morning on June 14. 1990, I lil!w people coming "in droves; as we say. They were commg from all over in large numbers, and icars rolled down my race because I knew m my hcal1 that weh3d won. Four d.lys laicr, F11 announced they would not build in Marion County or "any of the surrounding area." ... I saw interesting and miraculous things happen in this united effort. I saw shy young mo°'.crs come forward and tell me, "l"ve never done an),1hmg like this before. I just Silly home and talce care of my family, but I'm not Slllying there and watching this Juppcn." I saw them transformed into outSpOken, tireless worker.; who conducted meetings in their communities to get the word ouL Some or them called me and cried at the heanless roccplion they encountered sometimes in the bcgiMmg when they called on bu.'ilnesspcople to put petition~ in stores or to tallc at city council meetings; but they never guve up. They went right back, and !hey bccnme StrOngcr. as they were empowered b)' the love lhey had for thi:,r children. It occurred to me at lhc time, if the Earth i.s 10 be saved, 11 will be by mothers and those who share the feelings or mothers. I saw children become awurc of somctl11ng they hlld always Uken for gmntcd. School chil.drcn made posters and wrote letters 10 elcclCd officials. ng They bccrunc int.:rc.,tcd in recycling. I saw a bondi_ of people joined by a common cuus.e. I sow a commg together of people who would prohably never have come 10 know each other. I sa--. a ri'i<! in the consciousnCSli of people. Then: was an elevation of sclf-e:;1ocm. Th.:se was a knowledge gamed thm one person can still make a dilTerencc if the)' take the hand of their brother/sister and slalld up for whal they believe is righL Since the mc.mcmtor fight, I have seen others tnke the mniaiive 10 sl:llld again.st other 1njustic.!s in their communit.lc.s. • The People are Angry! A Monual on \Va.tre llauvdou...t to tht Ilea/th of our Cllildren in itMetsu i.s available from Tcnne:.scc Grassroois EnvironmenUll Network; Boll 15038: Chaunnooga, TN3741S Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards with artwork you see in I<atuah Journal. • You1h Camps - ~ P,ogrem1 • Family Camps· Teach0< Tra.,,ng • Communuy Programs • Camp Slaff Training • Outdo« Pn,gram Consulting (Envelopes included.) by Rob lJlessick Send $11.25 postage paid to: RM DESIGNS r.o. aox 2601 ProgomJ to encouoge end Earth OWOl8'l8$$. celebrol1on. ldn&Hp and hope $611 PO 8oK 1306 Galltnt>,,,g, terY10lSee 3n38 615-436-6203 BOONE, NC 28607 whole earth grocery NATIVE FLUTES Two styles mode of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt. 1, Box 172-L Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 • NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVING 446 c p;arkw•y craft ~ntcr • •uilc 11 gatlinburg, tcnn~ 3n38 6 15-436-6967 Xat(iah Jou r not pn9c 28 ' ,, Union Acres A,r Alternative - • Acrt.agtforSale - Smoky Moun/111n Lrving wilh II focus on spiri/114/ 11nd «ologit:Jll valuts For more informalron; Contact C. Gran/ al RDult 1. Box 61/ Whittier, NC 28789 (704) 4974964 NATURAL MARKET WHOLE FOODS • OULK FOODS • VITAMINES • HERDS • FAT FREE FOODS • TAKE OlTTFOODS • SNACKS • NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Blow,ng Rock Rd lloonc. NC 28607 :fnfL 1991 �, - 0FFTHEGRID SOLAR OVENS by Dr. lnnnis Scanlin This issue's 01/The Grid 1ues1 collUMis1 is Dr. Dtnnis Scan/ill, Proftssor ofApproprialt Ttchnoloo at AppalacNIJJI State University;,. Boone, North Carollna. Dennis is cwrrently working on a project sponsored ITy the Su.sklinablt Dtvtlopmelll Center of ASU to bring so/Ju ove11 ttCM()/olJ to the rural pu,plt ofGllllUma/a. Solar o - ttcM()loo is pani&ularly appropriJJu in Ct111ral America wlttn thert is a lot of s1111 and a probltm with defortSiaJilJ11 as ptoplt u.sc rht forests to prqvide woodfor cooki/11. So/Ju ovens could, obviDu.sly. N>t ~ u.scd as freqUUlll)I hut in Katwolt as ill Ca1ral Amtrica, bu/ rhty could ctrtamly su,,e as All OMXillary tltUf1 source IO ~ wed whutevtr possible to / - , ow demands 011 wood, proflOM, oU ONl/or tltcrricity. DtfortSIJJ/k,11 is IU)t cwu11tly a probkm lwre (~sides timber sales), bUI It col/Jd ~CO/fflt OM if rht opdollS of oil, propane and/or tltcrricily _,., too expensive or IINIWlilabk, as is Ille t.aU ill rwol CcfllrtJJ America. As Dr. Scanli11 lius IO poilll 0111, "lhtre is "" silltlt tMTlJ fXIIUIUO.. 1ht suslDiJsabh t11tro of our fwurt will come from a ~ f J ofsourcu. Solar OVtftS w{J/ be OM of IN>U. • ·td.JimHou.su Solar Cookers have been receiving a lot of attention recently in both the developing and developed regions of the world. This attention is well deserved because these ovens are a truly appropriate technology. First of all, they really work. They are also cheap enough to be accessible to virtually everyon~ easy to construct with locally available materials; simple to understand and operate; utilize renewable energy; and reduce our dependence on centrally supplied energy or, in the developing world, diminishing supplies of increasingly expensive fuelwood, wi1hout having any adverse impacts on the environment They can be a pan of the solution ro the many problems facing our world. There are two basic types of solar cookers. The first is the direct or focusing parabolic dish cookers, which are usually about 4 feet in diameter and reflect all the solar energy striking them onto a focal point which is usually about 18 inches above the center of the dish. A pot of food would be supponed at this focal point. Their performance can be very impressive, achieving temperatures over 600° F; however, they can onJy heat one pot of food at a rime, can be difficult to construct, need to be focused every 15 to 30 minutes and don't work very well on panly cloudy days. Effons 10 market these cookers have largely failed because of their tempennentnl nature and because people don't like standing out in the sun while cooking. The whole TaU, 1991 SOLAR OVEN Drawing by DoMis Scanlin process of cooking with these cookers is too different from traditional methods. The indirect or box ovens have been the focus of most of the recent interest in solar cooking. An indirect or box oven is simply an insulated box with a glass or plastic cover, and one or more reflectors to increase the amount of sunshine entering the box. Food is usually placed in dark colored pots with covers. The pots full of food are then placed in the solar oven and absorb the solar energy entering the oven. These ovens reach temperatures between 250 and 450° F, can cook several pots of food at the same time, work on partly cloudy days. aod are simple and inexpensive to construct Many indirect or solar box ovens have been designed over the last few years; however, most fall into one of two categories: single reflecror or multiple reflector. The single reflector type is the least complicated variety. It is an insulated rectangular box with a shoe box type lid and a single reflec1or attached to the lid. It was first developed in 1976 by Barbara Kerr and Sherry Cole of Tempe, Arizona and is the design presently being promoted by Solar Box Cooker International, 1724 11th Street, Sacramento, CA 95814. They have plans available for $3.00. Plans are also available from Kerr Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 27417, Tempe, AZ 85282, (602) 968-3068. They also have complete kits for a well designed cardbo:ud oven for about $55. Kits are also available from Basic Solar, Harvard Square Suite 67, 1430 Mass. Ave.. Cambridge. MA 02138. Kits or plans are not really necessary, however, as one could easily be constructed with either cardboard or wood. One good source of cardboard boxes is Xerox paper boxes found in schools and businesses. Banana or apple boxes found in the local grocery store are also quite sturdy, as are cardboard file boxes which can be purchased for about $3.00 at an office supply store. These boxes could be covered with contaa paper or painted for increased water resistance. The box could also be constructed from large sheets of cardboard or with peices of wood. Plywood and lxlO's or lxl2's have been used. There may be undesirable gases emitted from the plywood, which would contaminate your food, but I'm not sure about this potential problem. The box should be large enough to contain the desired size of pots which will be used. but not much larger. The inside dimensions of the Kerr/Cole cooker mentioned earlier arel8"x22"x7". This size can hold 3-4 pots of food and can cook a meal for 4-6 people easily. Insulation on the sides and boaom of the oven wiU help it attain higher temperatures by reducing heat loss. The easiest is Thc.rmax foil faced insulation secured with foil rape (not duct tape). There may be hannful gases given off by this and (continued on page 30) Xatuah 1ourna! om1e ? Q �(coniinutd from page 29) 01hers have objected to its use; however I have not noticed any strange odors or tastes in food cooked in an oven insulated with this material, and when I called the manufacturer, I was told there have been no problems associated with ils use. Another insulation scheme is 10 use a smaller box inside the outer one and put crumbled newspapers or fiberglass insulation between the two boxes. Still another is to fold cardboard so that trapped air pockets are fonned and put these peices into the bottom and on the sides of the box. With !he last two Home Power Inc., POB 275. Ashland, OR 97520; and The Solar Coo~ry Book, Beth and Dan Halacy, Peace Press 3828 Wilat Avenue, Culver City, California 90230. A variety of foods including soups, stews, bread, chicken, cakes, rice, potatoes, lasagna, and a variety of other vegetables can be cooked in a solar oven. However, it does involve some behavioral modification. One needs to check the weather report for the day, plan the day's dinner in the morning, put it together and in the oven by around 10 or 11 and point the oven towards the south. Obviously some foods will cook faster than others. Baked beans and hot dogs can be heated up in about I hour. Lentils, brown rice, and soy beans will take substantially longer. But just about anything can be cooked in one good sunny day, or even a panly cloudy day, if placed in the oven in the morning and if the oven is reoriented towards the sun a few times during the day. Around noon is the ideal rime for solar cooking because that is when we are receiving the greatest amount of solar radiation. There is no worry about burning foods. Dark enamel, glass or ceramic pots work well. TI1e dark-colored pots absorb more radiation. Most cooking should be done in convered pois. Several solar cookbooks are available, including Eleanor's Solar Cookbook, Eleanor Shimcall. Cemese Publishers, 7028 Leesburg Place, Stockton CA 95207 and Favorite Recipes From Solar Cooks, Solar Box ,;,!!II' Cooker International. schemes the junction between the inside and outside of the oven needs to be covered. The reflector can be consmicted from cardboard with a reflective material such as aluminum foil, reflective mylar or a glass mirror glued to it. Glass, plastic cooking bags (available in grocery stores), or teflon can be used for the glazings. Multiple layers of glazing will result in better performance. The glazing can be attached wilh aluminum tape, wooden strips and nails for a wooden box, and/or caulk. Multiple reflector designs (fig. I) achieve higher temperature.\ (300-450° F) but are more complicated to construct. These cookers usually have a door on the back side, but can also be constructed with a shoebox type lid so the whole oven, withou1 a bottom, fits over a shallow pan, which would hold the pots of food. Plans are available for $10 from Our Sol.tr Systems, Box 55891. Tucson, AZ 85703. Two books with plans are also available: Heave11s· Flame. A Guidebook 10 Solar Cookers, By Joseph Radabaugh,$ IO, Complete ovens can also be purchased from Clevlab ($15 - $275), POB 2647, Liuleton, Colorado, 80161 and from Sunlight Energy Corporation ($179), 441 lW. Echo Lane, Glendale, AZ 85302 (602) 943,6492. Figure 2 shows an exploded view of a smnll p muhiple reflector oven similarly inspired by the Clevlab $15 Sunspot Solar Oven. This same basic construction can be expanded for a larger slant face type mulliple rcflcct0r oven. FRENCH BROAD FOOD CO-OP •• • Co05Umcr0wncd Since 1975 • •• We Sell Food that Nourishes I Iumans and Sustains the Earth OPEN TO T l IE PUBLIC Mond,,y· FriJay 8:30 AM to 8:00 r:--1 Saturdav 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM SundJ)' I :(l(J P\I 10 6:00 PM (704) 255-7650 Home! A Bioregional Reader 1/o,,u:! A Biorcgional Rtader, juit publi.\hcd hy New Society Publi$hcrs, offcrs· nn c,ciung vision :uid slOltcgy for creaung ('.enlogic.ii ly su~btn~htc communnics and culture., rn hannony v. ilh the limiL~ nnd rcgcncrauve powers or the £2th." It ha.~ gathered a.niclcs, stories. and potnL~ of O\'Cr forty writer~ and acuvm.~who have contnbu!Cd both co ddining biortgionalism a.~ a J)Olitic;il philosophy and to the pracuce of "living rn place.· Comnbutors mcluJ.:: Gary Snylkr, Pttcr Berg. Caroline Estc,, Wendell Rcrry, a, well as Mnmie Muller of the Karunlt l<mrnnl. Gr:ipl11cs in the book include the.• \\Ort of Katuah's Rob Mcsskl.. The book is a large-format r;ipcrhack with 192 pages. includrni; resources and a reading list. Copies arc available by mnil for S15.70 from RM Designs: Boi Tnlhng Lto,~.s i~ • mor11hly JOWMI nf ~ ecoloay, in.<rircd p,,rwoaJ 11e11,·i= rooted UJ CNtheo ~piri11111iiy. Pu1 i"'-<;ues bnc !car~ ani,lcs by Gary Soy<kr. St.Vba"'k, John Sec:J, Joa.nna Macy, B111 Dc\'all. Looc Wolf Circle!'. Barhara Mor, etc. Tnlki11g uo1n SJICU~ for the narural "''-'"d and for the rdcinJliog ot our own 'l-11d 51>in1. Suh5COpUon~ an, S 15.00 on.)Ut/$18.000U1,1dc U.S. S25.00 two yc.tn/S36.00 ouwdc U.S . ~nd ch«k or M 0 . 10 : Tnlkwg Lto,·a 1430 W1llamcuc #36 7 Eugene. OR 97401 503/342-2974 90 8i11m11rc Avcnul! A,hevallc, NC 2 Blocks South ol Downtown rrutoNSETc:1 +. • 0 ~ I . . - tl1c new al tcnmt.h·c • i to tJ1c sleeper sofa wiil1 OYcr 4,000 vcars of customer ~atisfacH~n built in. -- 2601: Boone, NC 28007. Print,,, or Rob Mcssick's illustrations from the book are also avnilablc from the same llddn= Taff, 1991 �The Bell: A Call to Peace 'The Bell publishes commentary and news about peace events and resources. We digest the best an1clcs questioning war as a solution 10 conflict and exploring peaceful alternatives of foresight and reason. We continue to cover the aftermath or the Gulf War, the policies that brought us to that war, and the effect of militarism on our country. our environment, and our world. "We accept contributions in the way of writings, p<>cms, artwork, etc. The Bell is an all-volunteer project that is dependent on donations." Issue #6 of The Bell, which contains an interview with a woman who has maintained a ten year, 2·1-hour-a-day peace vigil across the srrcet from the White House, is currently available. TI1c Bell is published by Col/ten Redt1w11 and Ah,yn Moss. To rrceivt The Bell, send a donmion to Box 634; Floyd. VA 24091. Permaculture Conference The 6th Annual Eastern North America Pennaculture Conference will be held October 11-13 at the Standing Stone State Park, near the town of Livingston m nonhcast Tennessee. Friday, October 11 • Field Day at Earth Advocates Research Facility with an inrroduction 10 Pcrmaculture. Presentations on Saturday and Sunday, October 12-13 - Keyline; Pcrn1aculturc and Spirituality; Solar Power; Bio:.helters; Low-income Community Development/Land Tnms, Monday, October 14 - Tours of nearby Hidden Springs and Long Hungry Creek Nurseries. Costs are: Field Day - $20, Conference registration (sliding scale) - $50-75 single, $75-100 family. includt!s dorm lodging and meals. Tours are free. For directions and additional infonnation, write: Eanh Advocates; Rt. 3, Box 624; Livingston, TN 38570. • TURTLE ISLAND BIOREGIONAL CONGRESS Mark the date! The fifth Turtle Island Bioregional Congress wm be held MAY 17-24 at Camp Stewart Kerrville, Texas (northwest of San Antonio) Rl'g1strahon fet.-s hav<.> not b<.>cn set, but lhcn~ will bc r1.-dured rat<.>S for those who apply bcfore0cccmbcr31, 1991 For funhcr infonnation on fees and arrangements, contact the Turtle Island Office Box 140826 Dallas, TX 75214 (214) 324-4629 Bioregional Congresses 01.ark Area The Twelfth Annual Ozark Area Community Congress, OACC (pronounced 'oak") XII, will meet September 20, 21, & 22, 1991 at Hammond Mill Camp in West Plains, Missouri. OACC has met for 12 years as a working congress (not merely a conforcnce) developing a vision for the Ozark region based on nature's ecological rrinciples. They focus on a range of issues including forestry, water, sustainable agriculture. education. health, community economics, etc. This year's congress includes a number of workshops as well as a barter fair. For more infonnation. contact OACC, Box 3, Brixey, Missouri 65618. (417) 679- 4773. Great Lakes Area The Great Lakes Bioregional Congress will meet October 4, 5, & 6, 1991 in Hell (no joke), Michigan. The Congress promises to be a celebratory, educational, fun weekend. Zones of discussion will include: Water/Air (repon from International Joint Commission meeting, Great Lakes Beach Sweep, toxic issues, aquatic intelligence); Eanh ( organic farming, land use, restoration, tenure); Justice (social justice, people of color, 500 years of resistance with dignity); Culture (alternative economics, children, bioregional education, art, sacred sites); Habitat (co-housing. sustainability); Nature (biodiversity, wilderness, forestry, land defense). Scholarships available. Contact: Bearrice Briggs, % Wild Onion Alliance, 3432 N. Boswonh, Chicago. IL 60657. (312) 929-5565. Ohio River Watershed The Ohio River Watershed Bioregionnl FestivaVCongress will be held October 11-14, 1991. Entitled "Coming I Jome: Spirituality and Ecology of our Region", the Congress is "open to all who desire to create ways of life which are in harmony with the natural patterns and cycles of the bioregion." All attendees are asked to panicipate in storytelling, camping, sharing homegrown entenainment, produce, and seeds. The Congress will be held at the fann of the Sisters of St Fmncis outside of Oldenburg in southeast Indiana. $ I0/individual; $25/family. For more information, contact: John Gibson, 3038 FalJ Creek Parkway, Indianapolis, IN 46205; (317) 925-9297. rnrc. ,., t!l!Jl REGIONAL RADIO Featuring Crossroads music, NPR news and music p rograms, regional news and information concerning health, education, government, recreation, and the environment. WNCW • FM P.O. Box 8().1 Spind,11~, NC 28160 (704) 287-8000 Xotimh Journot pn')C ~ I �27-29 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Ecological Spintuafity.• exploring our spiritual relationship to nmure. Topics will co~cr theology or nature, 1'a1ivc American spir11uality, stewardship responsibility. Pre-register: SSO. For info about this and other programs. conUICt Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont; GSMNP: Townsend. TN 37882. (615) 448-6709. SEPTEMBER 11- 13 llLACK '>tOUNTAlN, NC Black Mountain Mu~ic ~1ival, featuring HorseOics, Metropolitan Blues Alls1ars, Dnv1d Wilcox, Dr. Bubba and Ille O.K, Bayou Bnnd, and other traditional and contemporary mu~icions. Will also include African Drum Festival with Darrell Rose. Cont:itl the Black Mountain FcsLi val Office. PO Box 216, Black Mountain. NC 28711. (704) 669-4546. Ongoing CIIEROKEF., r-;c Exhibit: "The Beu in Cherokee Cultucc." Cherokee Hcri1age Museum and Gallery, Hwy. 441 and Big Cove Rd.: Cherokee, NC 28719. (704) 497-321 I. CULLOWHEE, NC Mountam Heritage Day. n cclcbrauon or the music, dance, crofL~. nnd folklife or Katunh. Cherokee songs, shape,note singing, gospel, clogging. Life skills dcmon.s1r.1tions and more. Mountrun Hcniage Center, Western Carolina University. Cullowhce, NC 28723. (704) 227-7129. SW ANNANOA, NC Wnllace Black Elk, Lako1:1 Sioux mcd1cmc mon. will lecture and conduct h<mling ceremomics 31 the Earth Center. Friday night: S25. Weekend: S150. The Earth Center: 302 Old Fellowship Road: Swannanoa, NC 28778. (704) 298-3935. 21 29 11-13 ASHEVILLE, NC 2nd Annual Organic Gro.,.crs Murkct Day Organic produce, fruit, and growing ~upplics on sale. 8-4. WNC Farmers' Market; 570 Brevard Rd. For more info, cnll Jim Smith (704) 252-4414. 20-22 HIGIILANDS, NC "Cclebnumg Gay Spint Visions· conference for gay and bisexual men. Spc.ikcrs include poet James Broughton and author/healer Andrew R:imer. Workshops on chakra b:ilancing, life ma.~k making. n,e Warrior, and more. Music and artists' m:irkcL ?re-register: S169 includes food and lodging at The Mount:iin Retreat Center. For info, contact Conference: 104 Trouer Place: Asheville. NC 28806. (704) 252-0634. 22 DUNCOM tlE COUNTY, NC 12th annu31 French Broad River Rafting Cleanup. Tidy up the river from shore or from a mrt: call Quality Forward a1 (704) 254-1776 for meeting places and space on a rofL WESTERN NOR1 H CAROLINA North Cnrolino Fu-s1 Citizens Big Sweep will coordinmc river cleanup~ in 18 WNC counties. For events on your tribul3ry, com.act Pat Brinkley at WNC Development Associn11on, (704) 252-4783. 28 ASHEVILLE, NC Ellen O'Grady will speak about her expcnenccs among Palestinians and lsrnclis during ten months spent on o Middle East Witness delegauon. Unitarian Universnlist Church, 2 pm, sponsored by Rural Souihem Voice for Peace. For more info, contact RSVP: 1898 Hannah Branch Road; Burn.svdle, NC 28714. (704) 675-5933. OCTOBER Ongomg CHER OKEE, NC Exhibit: "Coowccskoowcc (Chief John Ross)" Cherokee Heritage Museum ond Gallery. Sec "Ongoing" • Sept 1-5 CII EROKEE, Cherokee Fall Festival 31 the Ceremonial Grounds. Traditional dancing and costumes. dunce competitions, weapons dcmonsu:uions. Chcrol.;cc HcritJgC An Show running concurrently in the Museum. For info. coll (704) 497 9195 or (800) 438-1601. 22 23 AUTUMN EQUINOX, FULL MOON 4-6 JONESBORO, NC l9ch Annual National Storytelling Festival will feature yarn-spinners from all over, including some of Appalachia's best. For info, call the National Association for the Preservation and Perpetuation of Storytelling (NAPPS) at (615) 753-2171. 11-13 VALLEY HEAD, AL Brooke Medicine Eagle at Hawk wind. (See "Wcbworking" page.) 11-13 11,EW MARKET, TN "Building Bridges 13c{woon Community o.nd Educational lnstitulions" workshop. Designed to show community activists how to make good use of university and college resources. The Highlan~ r Center. Sec 9/13-15. I 1-20 HOT SPRI NGS, 1'C "The Buddhist Prcccp1s for Daily Living" silent rc1.rea1. guided by Cheri Huber. The 16 Bhodisatvn prcceplS as guidelines for deepening one's spiritual practice. Pre-register: S325 includes vegan meals and shared room . For information on 1hi5 and other rc1rcat.s and workshops. contact Southern Dharma Rc1rca1 Center: RI. I, Box 34-H; Hot Springs, r-;c 28743. (704) 622-7112. ASHEVILLE, 1'C "The Solar Wisdom or the Incas· wilh Willaru Chasqu1 from the Peruvian Andes. Gnosuc wisdom of the central sun, imerplnnctary mission of the E.T.'s, revolution in consciousness, universal community, and the lnc:in calendar. 7:30 pm at Jubilee, 45 Wall SL Free - love offerings accepted. For more info. contact Valerie Naiman (704) 645-5110. 12 17-20 UNICOI STATE PARK, GA 25-29 ASHEVILLE, NC "Kituwah" - an imenribal Native American cultural celebration. Included will be lifestyle ans demonstrations, competitive dancing, juried fine arts show, traditional crafts sale, and dramatic performances. All events will be at the Asheville Civic Center. Admission $2-7. For info, contact Kituwah, 46 Haywood St., Asheville, NC 28801. (704) 252-3880. HIGHLANDS, NC WNC Alliance Annual Membership Meeting al The Mountain. Open 10 the public. Worlcshops, nature walks, lcgislntivc upda1e. Keynocc speaker: James Blomquisl. head of the Public Londs Program for the Siem Club. Workshops on biOJcgions, mcdj:Juon, environmental effectiveness, and lhe timber sale appeals. ConlJICt WNC Alliance: B011 18087: A~heville. NC 28814. (704) 258-8737. 7 NEW MOON 10-13 NORRIS, TN 12th Annual Tennessee Fall Homecoming. a cctebralion or lrlldmonal mountain cullure at the Museum of Appalachia. Music, crafts, demonstrations of rural life skills, in addition to the Museum's regular cxhJbits. For info, call the Museum of Appalachia at (615) 494-7680. FnJI Ennhskills Workshop will offer serious instruc1ion in the ans and lifeways of indigenous people. Skills include making fire by friction, plant identification, tanning buckskin, stone and bone tools, stalking and tracking, native drums and rattles. Instructors: Darry Wood, Snow Bear, Scott Jones. For info. contact Bob Slack, Jr.; Unicoi State Park; Helen, GA 30545. (404) 878-2201. 18-20 27-29 ll-14 LIVINGSTON, TN 6th Annual Eastern Nonh American Pennacuhurc Conference. Field day, nursery tours, workshops: keyline, pennaculture and spirituality, solar power, bioshelters, land truSlS, more. Pre-register: Weekend - $50-75 (sliding scale), Field Day - $20 additional, to Eanh Advocates; Rt 3, Box 624, Livingston, TN 38570 SWANNANOA, NC Dance, drumming, and teaching with Brooke Medicine Eagle, healer and licensed counselor, al the Earth Cen1er. S11ong emph3s1s oo women's ways, but bolh men and women are welcome. Friday night: $25. Weekend· SISO. See IWl l-13. 18-20 VALLEY HEAD, AL "Women's Ceremonial Intensive" at Hawkwind. (Sec "Webworking" p:1gc.) Ta([, 1991 J �SWAl'\ r-. ANOA, NC "Rcncwmg Worship" Conference spon.sorcd by Asheville Jubilee Community examinmg Crcauon SpmlU3hLy through Lhc works of Ma11hew Fo~. S250 1u11,on + S200 lodging. Jubilee: 46 W311 S1.: Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 252-5335. NOVEl\IDER 21-25 23 F ULL MOON NEW M ARK ET, T N Appalachian Writers Workshop a1 1he HighlMdet Center. Sec 9/13-15. 25-27 25-27 HI GHLANDS, NC "Fall Landscape Workshop" with photographer Sam Wang. Pre-register: $250 includes lodging. For information about this and other photography workshops, contact Appalachian Environmental Ans Center; Box 580: Highlands, NC 2874 I. (704) 526-2602. 26 SWANNANOA, NC Sweat lodge at th.: Earth Center Sec 10/11-13. HALLOWE'l-:N (SAM ll AIN) 31 6 23 SWANNANOA. NC Sweat lodge al the Earth Center. Sec 10/11-13. NFW 1\100"1 7-9 G REENV ILL E, NC 6th Annu:il Altcma1ivc Farm Field Days. Tours. seminars: aquaculture. markeung. compostmg, cover crops, f>C$t mMagement, more. For info. write Caroli no Farm Stewordsh1p A~sociation; Box 511; Pittsboro. NC 27312 or call Jim Smith m Asheville 4. at (704) 252-44 1 28-30 WAYNESV ILLE, NC "Steps 10 Pc:icc" workshop with Sanderson Beck. Inner ond outer pc:ice nnd the principles which bring about peace. h3llllony, jusuce, and respect for freedom. S60 includes vegetarian meals Md lodging. For info on this and other program5, contact Sul-Light Retreat Center; RI. I, Box 326; Waynesville, NC 28786. (7~) 452-4569. 8-10 VA LLEY HEA D, AL "A Weekend lnicns1vc on Lakota Ways• at Howkwind. (Sec Wcbworking" page.) 9-10 SWANNANOA, NC Dhyani Ywahoo 111 Lhc Eanh Ccmcr. "Dhyani calls on u.~ 10 become Pcacckccpcr; in our hearts and in the world." S200. Sec 10/11-13. 16-17 VA LLE Y II EAO, AL Healing Arts Weekend al lillwkwind. (Sec 'Webworking" page.) 20-24 HOT SPRI NGS, NC "Tam,ng the Monkey Mind" mcdit.ition rctrc.it guided by Ven. Thubten Chodton, M ,\mericM Tibetan BuddhlSI nun. Southern Dharma Retreat Center. Prc-rcgi~tL-r: $170. Sec 10/11-20. 21 DECEMBER 5 NEW MOON 7-8 GREAT SMO KIF.S PARK Winter llighcountry C.1mping. For info on this and other field school comses. conlllct Smoky Mounmin Field School: 600 Henley SL (Suite 105); Univ. or TN; Knoxville, lN J7902. (615) 974-0150 or (800) 284-8885. DO YOU ll'ANT YOUR IIAPPENINGS US-TED IN HIE KATUMI EVENTS CALENDAR? listings arc free. Mail tl~m to 1/rother 8/uir; JOO Webb Cove Rd: A.fhtvilfe, NC 28804. l.isltngs for Issue 1133 must bt submilltd by Nov. 15. FULL MOON 22-24 NF.W MARKET, TN An11-Env1mnmcnt:il llaras.,mcm work.shop at the fl1ghlandcr Center, Environmental ac1h·1sts will learn how 10 dc0ccl harn,smcnt from the polltic,1Vcorpor.i1e power st.nJCturc. Sec 9/13-15. "The an!,.l°s oldest .lnd l.ugcs1 natural ioodsgnx.:,ry" 811/k l lcrbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements Y.'11eat, Salt & Yeast-Free Foods Dniry S11bstit11trs Hair & Skin Cart' Products Beer & Wi11c Makiug Supplies 200 W. King St, Boonr, :-:c 2S607 (70-l) 26-1-5220 l)r4wing by Rob Me;s.,d, rJ tJf.u ~ Sand_y Mush Herb N ursery WH OLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANI C PRODUCE WREATHS • POTPOURRI • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more thn11 800 pla11ts from Aloe to Yarrow 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm Tal.t, 199 1 A.I.A., Resource Information Analysis Neil Thomas and Andy Feinstein 3 05 Westover, Asheville, NC (704) 252-6816 Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 28748 Pltone for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 �0 •bwo~ ~,! ~ We ' a fee of $2 .50 (pre-paid) per enrry offifty words or less. Submit entries for Issue 1133 by Nov. I5, 1991 to: Rob Messick; Box 2601; Boone, NC 28607. (704) 754-6097. Tl-IE MOUNTAINS - arc calling me home. I'll be there in Spring of 1992. Nuds: {I) a place 10 put a tipior s111411 camper (nc:ir a wruer source). (2) a babysiucr between home and Asheville or Swannanoa (ttansfering 10 school lhete), and (3 J a JOb. Skills: (I J Organic Gardener {2) Vegetnri.an Cook ( 3) Herbal Prcparatioos. Contact me ac Kathleen Ashley; 1302 Two NO<Ch Road #17: Lcitingt011, SC 29072. MUSIC BY BOB AVERY-GRUBELavailJlbleoo three casseues.. Treasures iii the Stream and Circles Returning are folk/roclc-jaiz, and a JCCcnt release of original chants and songs, Light iii tht Wind. is a cap~ll.a. Lyric sheets included.. Send SI0 for each tape or$26 for all thrce 10 Bob Avery-Grubel: RL I, Box 735; Floyd, VA 24091. '69 FORD VAN, high·l0P, very good condition. $900. Call (704) 488-9347 (doc10r's office - leave message). Kllty StOkely. HlGflLANDER CEN"leR • is a community-based cducaLion:11 orgnni:wion whose purpose is to provide space for people to lcam from e.ich Olhcr, and to develc,pc solutions to environmental problems based on their values, CJtpcricnces, and aspirations. They also put out a quarterly ncwsteucrcalled llishlander R1:por1s. For more infoml!UJOII contact Highlander Centu. 1959 Highlnndcr Way; New Mank.ct, TN 37820 (615) 933-3443 RAW CHEMICAL-FREE HONEY • Tulip Poplar, Sourwood, and Wild0owcr honey rrom the forests of Pauiclc County, VA. No chemicals. no white sugar, no heal ever. Sunincd through chccsccloth and p:ickcd in glass. Limited qU31ltities. Call or wnte for prices & availability. Wade B11tkholls • Bull Mountllin Beekeepers: RD 2, Boit I 516; Stunrt. VA 24171 (703) 694-4571. WISE WOMAN TRADmON. Fall RooLWOtk Wed.end with Wh1tcwolf. November 8-10. For women and men. Dig roots, mnke medicine, I.cam Eanhwisc healing through Joumeymg, drumming, and dreaming. Wann donn and hearty vcgclllrian meals. One hour from Asheville. Donation SISO 100. some worlt exchange avnilablc. Wh11ewolf; PO Box 576; Asheville. NC 28802. LAND FOR SALE: 10 actc privlllC cove. Large organic field. rustic: farmhouse with spring fed water nnd liOlar symm. SITl411 solar ,1ruc:wre. SS0.000. Call (104) 649-9266 for Tom. NATIVE AMERJCAN CEREMONIAL HERBS • we offer a large variety of sages. IIWCCI grass. natural resins, and everything ncccssary for smudging. Native smoking mixtures, flute mu.,ic, pow-wow mpcs. and ocn:monial songs. Essential oils. and mccnscs speciflcally made for prayer. offering. and mcdiuilion. For catalog call or write: Essencial Drcnms: Rt 3. Box 285: Eagle Forlt, Hayesville, NC 2890-I (104) 389-9898. Xatimfl Journot pt19c 34 PlEDMONT BIOREGIONAL INSTITUTE • For those who live in the Piedmont area, there's a bioregional effort well underway. Jom Us! We would npprecillle any donation of time or money to help meet operating expenses. For a gift of S2S.OO or more. we will send you a copy of John Lawson's journal, A New Vo.)12ge 10 Carolina. Also come find out about the Lawson Pro.,ect. PB!; 412 WRoscmnry Street; Chapel Hill, NC27516: Uwharria Province. (919) 942-2581. BODY R11n-,1MS from Pl311Clllly Mothers· a beautiful and paraclical calendar for women to ch:irl their "moonthly" cycles. Send $3.00 plus S1.00 poSUlge 10: Planclllly Mothers Collcctivc(c/o Nancie Yonker); 5231 Riverwood Avenue; Saraso111, Fl. 34231. FAMILIES LEARNlNG TOGETHER· Homeschooling families organization. Discuss issues, give mutual support. shllre ideas and resources, and gnther for family activities. Write Doug Woodward; 68 Lakey Creek; Franklin, NC 28734 for infonnation. LOCAL RECYCLING CO-OP • crunched by glass price cuts! rr you have any interest in the recent cut in glim prices by the Owens-Brockway Company, and would hkc to help do something about the flawed economics of recycling, or just shale information, please write BretNelson; 1578 Bow Hill Road; Christiansburg, VA 24073. THE LOVING WELL COMPANY • is a group of people wooong together to suppon and promote what worb 111 health and education. We arc building a communuy dcdicrucd to pence and 10 livmg in a healthy relationship with one allOlher. For more infonnauon write Naomi Ross; 1433 Woodland HIiis Drive NE: AllanUI. GA 30324-4627. "BLOW YOUR MlND" • with the celestial sootlung music of "Medicine Wind" by George TOCtorClli. Also c.xouc fine-tuned bamboo nutcs in many keys nnd modes. For more information send LO'. George Tortorelli; 86 NW 55th Street; Gainesville, Fl. 32601. (904} 373-1837 LAND FOR SALE • Magnificent view with small house m beautiful Spring Creek. NC. Ten miles south of Hot Springs. NC (o!T Route 209), and one hour west of Asheville. S25.000 f01 I.Ind and house. Perfect for the sctr sufficient life. CaU Landa Deyo at: (704) 675-9575. NATJVE AMERICAN Fl.UTE MUSIC· Richard Roberts, a well lcnown west TN new age nutist (ab Zero Ohms), is now 3V3il~blc an the Ea!i! TN/NC area. For rclaitiog and uplifting pcrfOrmMCC$ or UIJJCS conlllCC Richard Robcns; Box 821; Noms, TN 37&2g (61S)494-8828orRL I.Box 136RD;Lamar,MS 3~2 (601) 252-4283. WE NEED. three families to complete our five family community/neighborhood. Private south facing cove with streams, sprangs. and views 1n Weaverville. NC area. You get 5 to 10 acres for your home nnd equal intueSt in I 10 acres of common land. S2S,000 to 30.000 depending on house site. Call (704) 658-2676 ror more infonnntlon. ~~ ,"l' ~ HAWKWIND Eanh Renewal Cooperative - invitcs you to pan.icipate ma season ofctnsscs and gruhcrlngs to tnke pince a1 our lush, 70 acre wilderness rctm1L Ccnttally locnlCd to Georgia and Tennessee in the Northern Alabama Mountains, our campground and focilitics arc ava.ilablc to members, public gnthcrings and private organizational use. Monthly prog,ams range from Organic G:u-de'1ing, Native and Eanh Philosophies, IO the Environment, Healing Programs, Self Reliance, Women m Transition and much more. Safe Family Camping. Send SI.SO for oewslctu:r ond schedule of events to: 1-!Qwkwind; PO Box 11; Valley Head, AL 35989. (205) 635-6304 BROOKE MEDICINE EAGLE • join this very special Elllthlceepcr, healer. and teaehcr who has dedicated her life 10 the people. Raised on the Crow Rescvailon in Montana, she is a licensed counselor, and has been a moving force behind the movement to ruum 10 the traditional ways of honoring the Earth. Broolce will shatc with us her lmditions, songs. dance and drumming as well as her strong insight into the "women's ways.• October I l-13th, $160 for the wcelccnd intensive. For reservations & details contact Hawlcwind at (205) 635-6304 (evenings best). A WEEKENDINTENSIVEONLAKOTA WAYS· Morning Star and Gilbert Wallcing Bull provide ttaditional Lakota ceremonies 10 their community. They teach Lakota tradiuons: the ceremony oflhc Stone People's lodge, the S:icred c:honupa , lhe vision qllC:il and the Sun Dance prcpru-ation. November 8-I0th, $160 for ru11 weekend. includes Clll11ping. Ceremonies open will\ no fee. ConUICt Hawlcwind at: (205) 635-6304 (evenings bcsl). WOMEN'S CEREMONIAL INTENSIVE· The Hawkwoman Cucle mvi1.es you to gather for a wcelcend of song, dance, drumming. and ritual ceremony for purification and crcat.ion of cen:mooiru Loots. Together we will explore the many roles of the Earth Women, and the ways that ceremony can be used in everyday living. October 18-20, camping fees and o love offering to cover materials and teacher costs. Contnct Hawkwind nc (205) 635-6304. HEALING ARTS WEEKEND· Hawkwmd brings :i scncs of nawnil hc;iling systems together. Joan professional mass3ge therapists, herbal healers, body workers :ind join m purificntion ntU31s to remove !he dis~ and bring the body m10 b31ancc. No,-cmbcr 16-17, S80 for lhe whole ...,eekcnd. Conuict Hawlcwmd ac (205) 635-6304 (evenings best). NEW MOON & SOLSTICE GATHERINGS • Hawkwmd honors the Earth People and !he Natural Native Rituals of clc.insing and renewal. We come togcll1cr in lodge ocrcmony, singing, drumming, dancing, and sea:;onal mcd1ui11ons. Native philosophy classc~ and women's circle meet on Sunday. Novcmb,;r 9/10, December 7/8, December 21/22 Pot luck meals, camping fees. :ind love offering IO suppon resource ccmcr dcvclopcmcm. ConlllCt HawkwinJ ac (205) 635-6304 (evenings best). rnct, 1991 �l'cl \i~e -to \We in " 5ociet_-J that )sn· -t aysf.,nct1ona1 BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE TIIREE- SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agricuhure • Sunnowcrs • 1lumnn Impact on the Forest - Childrcns' Educauon • Veronica Nicholas: Woman in Politics - Little People - Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR· SUMMER 1984 Water Drum • Water Quality - Kudzu - Solar Eclipse • Clearcutting - Trout - Going to Water· Ram Pumps. Microhydro - Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE· FALL 1984 Harvest. Old Ways in Cherokee· Ginseng· Nuclear Waste. Our Celtic Heritage - Bioregionalism: Past, Present, and Future · John Wilnoty - Healing D:lrlcncss • Politics or Participation lSSUE SIX - WINTER 1984-85 Wmter Solstice Eanh Ceremony • Horscpasturca River. Coming of tile Light· Log Cabin Root· Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop • William Taylor • The Future or the Forest ISSUE SEVEN· SPRING 1985 Sustainable Economics - Hot Springs • Worker Ownership. The Great Economy· Self Help Credit Union • Wild Turkey. Responsible Investing· Working in the Web or Life ISSUE EIGHT· SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way or Lire - K81uah 18.000 YCD.rS Ago • Sacred Sues - Folk Ans in the Schools • Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle· Poems: Hilda Downer _ Cherokee Heritage Ccntcr • Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE · FALL 1985 The Waldee Forest • The Trees Speruc • Mlgral.ing Forests • Horse Logging • Starting a Tree Crop • Urban Trees· Acom Bread· Myth Time ISSUE TEN - WINTER 1985-86 Kate Rogers • Cin:lcs or SlOlle - Internal Mythmnking • Holistic Healing on Trial • Poems: Sieve Knauth - Mythic Ploccs - The Uktcna's Tale CryslOI Magic - "Drc:imspcaking" ISSUE THIRTEEN · FALL 1986 Center For Awakening - Eliulbcth Callari · A Gentle Death • Hospice - Ernest Morgan • Dealing Creatively with Death - Home Burial Box • The Wake. The Raven Mocker - Woodslorc and Wildwoods Wisdom • Good Medicine; The Sweat ISSUE FOURTEEN· WINTER 1986·87 Lloyd Carl Owle - Boogcrs and Mummers· All Species Day • Cabin Fever Univcrsi1y • Ilomelcss in Kauiah • Homemade Hot Water· Stovcmnkcr's Nrumtivc - Good Medicine: lntcr.,pccacs Communication ISSUE FIFTEEN • SPRING 1987 Coverlets • Woman Fores1cr • Susie McMahon: Midwife - Ahemative Contraception • Bioscxuality • Bioregionalism and Women· Good Medicine: Mmriarchal Cuhure • Pearl ISSUE SIXTEEN - SUMMER 1987 Helen Waite. Poem: Visions in a Garden - Vision Quest. First Aow - lnitinuon - Leaming m the Wilderness. Cherokee Challenge · "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WlNTER 1987-88 Vernacular An:hitccture - Dreams in Wood and Stone . Mount.ain Home - Earth Energies - Eanh-Shchcred Laving - Mcmbrone Houses · Brush Shelter· Poems: October Dusk. Good Mcdicino: "Sheltcrff ISSUE NINETEEN· SPR£NG 1988 Pcrclandra Garden. Spring Ton,cs • Blueberries Wildnower Gardens - Granny Herbalist • Aowcr Essences . "The Origin or the Animals:" Story • Good Medicine; "Power" • Be A Tree ISSUE TWENTY· SUMMER 1988 Preserve Appalachian Wilderness - Highlands or Roan • Cclo Community • Land Trust· Anhur Morgan School - 1.oning Issue· "The Ridge" • • Farmers and the Farm Ball • Good Medicine: "Land • Acid Rnin • Duke's Power Play - Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO· WINTER 1988-89 GIObal Warming - Fire ThlS Time • Thomas Berry on "Bioregions" - Earth Exercise· Kort Loy McWhirtcr • An Abundance of Empuncss • LETS • Chronicles or Floyd - Darry Wood • The Bear Clan ISSUE 1WENTY-THREE • SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet An • Green City - Poplar Appeal • "Clear Sky" • •A New Earth" - Black Swan • Wild Lovely Day.f • Reviews: Sacred Land Sacrt!d Su, Jee Age • Poem· "Sudden Tendrils" Lodge 32 , ~ UA~OURNAL PO Box 638 Leicester. NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6097 Regular Membership........ $10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Name Address Enclosed is $_ _".'""".'.'T":""'. ro give this effort an extra boost City Ya!L, 199 1 State Phone Number Zip I can be a local contact person for my area ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR • SUW.1ER 1989 Deep ListCning - Life in Atomic City· Direct Acuon! - Tree or Peace - Community Building· Pc:iccmakets - Ethnic Survival - Pairing Project· "B:utlesong" • Growing Peace m Cultures - Review: Tiu! Cha/iu and ihL Blade lSSVE TWENTY-SIX • WINTER. 1989-90 Coming or Age in the Eco7.oic Era • Kids Saving Rainforest • Kids Trcccycl mg Company • Connie, Resoluuon. Developing the Creative Spirit· Birth Power • Birth Bonding - The Magic or Puppetry • Home Schooling - Naming Ceremony • Mother Earth's Cl3S.$l'OOl!l - Gnrdcning for Children ISSUE TWENTY ·SEVEN· SPRING, 1990 Transformauon. Healing Power· Pcoce 10 Their Ashes. Healing in Katuah - Poem: "When Left 10 Grow". Poems: Stephen Wing - The Belly· Food from the Ancient Forest ISSUE TWENTY-EIGIIT • SUMMER 1990 Carrying Capacity - Setting Limits to Growth • What is Overpopulation? • The Rood Gang • The Highway to Nowhere - The 1·26 Project· "Caring Capacity" • People and Habit.at - Design mg the Whole Life Community • Steady State· Poems: Will Ashe Bason • Tran$p0f!Crnativcs • Review: Cohousing ISSUE TWENTY·NINE • FAl.l./WlNTER 1990 From the Mount.ains 10 the Sea - Prolile of The Little Tennessee River· Heodwatcrs Ecology· "It All Comes Down to Water Quallty" - W:ucr Power. Action for Aquatic Habitats - Dawn W:nchcrs • Good Medicine: The Long Human Being • The North Shore Rood - K:uuah Sells Out - Watershed Map of the Kawah Provance ISSUE THIRTY • SPRING I99 I Economy/Eeology - Ways to a Regenerative Economy • "Money as the Lowest Form or Wealth" • Clarksville Mimcle - The Village· Food Movers· Lifework. Good Medicine: "Village Economy·· Sheltoo Laurel • LETS ISSUE THIRTY-ONE· SUMMER 1991 Dowsing • Responsibilities or Dowsing · Electrical Life of the Enrth • Katuah and the Earth Gnd • Coll of the Ancient Ones - Good Medicine: "On Aggression" • Time to T:ike the Time to Take the Time. Whole Science. Tuning In Back Issues Issue # __@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $._ __ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $._ __ postage paid $_ __ Complete Set (3-10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-31) postage paid@ $50.00 =$_ __ :K.at ucih Journot. pa9e 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 32, Fall 1991 Description An account of the resource The thirty-second issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> is a call for humans to return to a simpler way of life, following in the ways of the Cherokee, or Katúah, tribe. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Barbara Wickersham, Henry Wender, John A. Freeman, Tom Underwood, Lee Barnes, Will Ashe Bason, Ivo Ballentine, Brownie Newman, Robert Johnson, Rob Messick, Bess Harbison, Maxim Didget, Robert Johnson, Emmett Greendigger, Dr. Dennis Scanlin, Deborah James, Leonard Cirino, Melba Bari, and Charlotte Homsher. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. <p>Bringing Back the Fire by David Wheeler.......1<br /><br />A Bit of Mountain Levity by Barbara Wickersham.......5<br /><br />Climax Never Came by Henry Wender.......7<br /><br />Is the Southern Appalachian Ecosystem Endangered? by John A. Freeman.......9<br /><br />"Talking Leaves": Sequoyah by Tom Underwood.......10<br /><br />Green Spirits: Seed Saving by Lee Barnes.......12<br /><br />Walking Distance by Will Ashe Bason.......13<br /><br />Angle: Environment by Ivo Ballentine.......13<br /><br />Good Medicine.......14<br /><br />Poem: "A Rotting Log" by Brownie Newman.......15<br /><br />THE GRANOLA JOURNAL.......16<br />Livin' By Their Wits, recorded by Rob Messick<br />An Old Family Tale by Bess Harbison<br />The Slide by Rob Messick<br />How Can You Lose Anything as Big as This Ego? by Maxim Didget<br /><br />Paintings: "Mountain Stories" by Robert Johnson.......18<br /><br />Natural World News.......20<br /><br />Dying Soils, Dying Waters by Emmett Greendigger.......22<br /><br />Songs in the Wilderness by Charlotte Homsher.......24<br /><br />Save James Bay.......25<br /><br />Drumming.......26<br /><br />Off the Grid: Solar Ovens by Dennis Scanlin.......29<br /><br />Events........32<br /><br />Webworking........34<br /><br />Katúah Konfusion.......35<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em></p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Cherokee Indians--Social life and customs Sequoyah, 1770?-1843 Appalachians (People)--Social life and customs Ecosystem health--Appalachian Region, Southern Acid Rain--Appalachian Region, Southern Solar ovens North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Agriculture Alternative Energy Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Congress Cherokees Community Earth Energies Ecological Peril Economic Alternatives Electric Power Companies Fire Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Good Medicine Habitat Katúah Permaculture Pigeon River Plants and Herbs Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources Recycling South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Villages Water Quality Wilderness https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/0791c74f61bfeccd6b0575a3e53240f5.pdf e919144545b326bd6e557ea5b917f958 PDF Text Text ISSUE 33 WINTER 1991-92 $2.00 �Drawing by Rob Messick ~UAHjOURNAL PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 ti} C, Q,- Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 ~ ... j\ Printed on recycled paper ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �Fire's Power.................................. by David Wheeler 3 What Is Natural?.............................. 5 by David Wheeler Do Clean:uts Mimic Fire?.................... 6 Smokey and the Red Wolves................ 7 Fire in Jeffreys Hell.......................... 8 by Vic Weals Poems.......................................... by Barbara J. Sands 9 Fire and Forge................................ by Jan Davidson and David Brewin 11 The First Fire.................................. A Cherokee Legend 12 Hearth and Fire in lhe Mountains........... 14 by Barbara Wickersham Good Medicine................................ 15 Midwinter Fires............................... Poems by Jeffery Beam 18 Natural World News......................... 20 Who Will Have !he Power?................. by Veronica Nic/10/a.t 22 Litmus Lichens................................ by Rob Messick 24 Reading the Inner Tree....................... by Charlo1te Homsher 25 Review: Where rite Ravens Roost..................... 25 Around the Fire............................... by lee Barrres 26 Drumming..................................... 27 Poem: "Sky Mangler"........................ by Mike Wilber 29 Review: The Sound of Light........................... 31 Events.......................................... 33 \Vcbworking.................................. 34 Wlntcr , 1991 -92 Fire is one of the four Great Beings, the elements !hat move Creation. Fire is the catalytic spark of the life essence. Living, we are warm and moving; non-living, we are like ashes, cold and dead. No wonder ancient wisdom associated Fire with the directed passion of the will. It is fitting that through the ages the spirit of life has been depicted as "the sacred fire." Fire radiates all around us in the life-giving energy of the Sun. Fire is at the center; in the slick and sweat of love a spark is ignited between a male and a female and life is born anew. Fire in its many forms powers the movement and the production of our societies. The hearth fire is the center of the home. Fire cooks the food, warms the dwelling, and from the fireplace the old stories spring alive into the family room. In the heart of every green plant cell the sunfire drives the process of photosynthesis, upon which life on Eanh depends. But ftre is also the changer, lhe destroyer - a demon of voracious appetite that gobbles indiscriminately all it can ignite. Fire unleashed destroys the house it warmed. Under the power of drought, forest becomes desert. Fire is the nuclear terror, shriveling all life to ashes. The most terrible punishment the bishops could imagine was to bum a witch alive at the stake. Fire in the hands of the invaders torches Lhe village huts and razes the crops in the fields. Old cities are bombed and guued by Fire. Wildfire, the major force of change in !he forest around us, is capable of overturning in a matter of hours vegetative associations that have stood for centuries. The four elemenml beings circle in the Great Round, the world we know. Fire needs earthy fuel 10 eat, oxygen from the air to breathe. Fire and water are complementary - at firSt look they seem in total opposition, but upon a second glance they are seen to be in a careful and delicate relationship. There is fire on these mountains only because there is water to grow the wood that bums. Born of the union of fire and water, life is forever suspended in that balance. But what is the role of fire in our human lives and in the life of the mountain forests that surround us? Where is that balance? Fire flickers and dances...too quick, too changeable, 100 close to the essence of life itself for us to ever expect definitive answers to those essential questions. But it is worthwhile for us to begin the process of understanding. We need to know Fire, one of the great powers that shape our being in these mountains, on this Earth. The Editors Drawing by Rob Messick XAtuah J~mat PQ9"- l �EDITORlALSLASH: Heather Blair Emmeu Grcendigger Charlone Homsher Richard Lowenthal Rob Messick James Rhea David Wheeler EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Acasia Berry Christine Detweiler John lngruss Billy Jonas Bill Melanson Mamie Moller Donna Stringer Rodney Webb Thanks again IO Mountain Gatdens for hospiUllily and inspiration. Thanks to Larry Tucker for able computer assiSlBIICe. As always, thanks to JH. Thanks 10 Gene for the car, we couldn't ruive done ii without you! COVER: by Rob Messick ©1991 PUBLISHED BY: Kattlah Journal PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mountaineer Press EDITORIAL OFFICE THTS ISSUE: Billy Home and Gardens, WRITE US AT: Katuah Journal Asheville Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kauiah Province 28748 TELEPHONE: (704) 754-6097 Diversity is an important element of bioregional ecology. both natural and social. In acxord with this principle Katuah Journal tries IO serve as a forum for the discussion of rcg.ional issues. Signed articles express only the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily the opinions of the Katuah Journal editors or staff. The lnlCmal Revenoo Service has declared Katuah Journal a non-profit ~anization undu section 501(c)(3) oC the lnu:mal Revcnoo Code. All contributions IO Katuah Journal are deductible from personal income tax. Articles appearing in Katuah Journal may be rcprinltd in Olher publications wilh permission from the Katuah Journal staff. ConLaCt the journal in writing or call (704) 754-6097. 'LNVOCA'Tto'.N When my skull lies with yours, Will you sing for me? The long sleep heals. We will find new life in the spring. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here, in the Ka1uah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once the Cherokee Nation lived in freedom berween the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Southern Plain on this Tunic Island continent of Mother Ela, the Eanh Here, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection to the spirit of the land. We bring this connection inro the being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we Listen and we act We tune our lives to the changes, to the seasons We respect the limiis of the land We preserve, defend, and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good Harmony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a Living being. She is sacred. As the land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminfahed as well. Katuah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems, and artwork we speak 10 the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, the human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. The Editors Doug Peacock - Criuly Years Border by Ja.son TudlCf KATUAH JOURNAL wants 10 communicate your thoughts and feelings to the other people in the bioregional province. Send them 10 us as leners, poems, sroriu, articles, drawings, or photographs, etc. Please send yoiu contributions 10 us at: Katuah Journal; P. 0 . Box 638; Leicester, NC; Kattlah Province 28748. OUR NEXT ISSUE will be concerned with "Sustainable Agriculture and Regional Diet". We need your input on topics including: sustainable agriculture (alternative ag., low input, appropriate ag., permaculture, biodynamics, etc.); seed-saving techniques; wild-foods and medicinals; regionaVcommunity food production and marketing; Xatimf~ )ournot J>°'Je 2 seasonal diet and recipes; food preservation; green manures and composting; agroforescry; and especially recommended resources, guides, and contacts. Send all material by January 30th, 1992 to Lee Barnes; Box 1303; Waynesville, NC 28786. (704) 452-5716. THE SUMMER, 1992 ISSUE will be involved with the continually controversial topic of Councils, and how to create more viable methods of decision-making in the ful\Jre. Possible topics include: Native American sovereignty, the State of Franklin, Town Meetings, Council of All Beings, Regional Rainbow Gatherings, Grassroots Groups, Conflict Resolution, and more? Submit all material by April 30th, 1992. ,.,lnur. 1991-92 �FIRE'S POWER The Influence of Fire on the Evolutionary History of the Southern Appalachians by David Wheeler Thunder rumbles over the old hms. Ir is just after dusk, and the nwtmtains steam in rite humid air ofsummer. 011 the somlrwestem lrorizo11 great cloudbanks roil up i1110 tlte sky, arching over tlte land like a pouncing beast, blotting ow the stars. High in those clouds, invisible to the eye, thermal fron1s meet and clash. creating turmoil in the skies. The collision of hot and cold air creates violent gusts and downdrafts of wind. The clouds become enonnous electrical generators. Humid air condenses into raindrops then into ice crystals within the whirling confusion inside the cloudbank. The electrical forces generated by the clouds become polarized. In the space of only tens of milliseconds, there is a branched discharge of energy within the cloud called the "stepped-leader" that moves first horiwntally and then downward at one-third lhe speed of light. The Eanh is also electrically charged. As the tip of the stepped-leader approaches the Eanh's surface, an answering discharge rises from the Eanh. The two join and cause a "return stroke," a surge of intense ionization that moves back up the leader channel toward the cloud in the brilliance ,~e see as cloud-to-ground lil?htning. The whole process has 001 yet taken a whole second, but there has been an elecaical discharge of, on the average, 40,000 amperes although discharges of 340,000 amperes have been measured. The temperature within the leader channel reaches 30,000 degrees Kelvin. After 40 10 80 milliseconds a new leader is l.>i.ntcr, 1991-92 D,awmg by Jomes Rhea formed and again the process is repeated. Most visible lightning consists of two to four return strokes. The rapid expansion of the super-heated air around the lightning channel produces a shock wave, so that shonly after seeing the glare of lightning arcing through the sky, we hear the booming sound of thunder. Lightning strikes with awesome power. 011 a l11gh ridge a sta11di11g dead snag is seared by the blast and explodes imo flame. leaves 011 the ground ig11ire from the hear ofthe blaze, and the fire is 011 tlte move, traveling uphill.fanned by the wind. The experience of a thunderstonn with lighrning is intense, but it is a common and completely natural process. There are about 40 million cloud-to-ground lightning saikes in the United States each year. It is esumated that around the world there are 50 10 100 lightning discharges every second, although half of these remain in the clouds. Lightning is one of the great powers of nature. In the Southern Appalachians lightning saikcs are frequent during the summer storm season, which lasts from April through August. There are usually between 40 and 60 thunderstorm days/year. A review of the records of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by Lawrence S. Barden and Frank W. Woods showed that between 1940 and 1969 lightning caused 77 fircs wit.hin the park boundaries. During the course of an eleven-year study they recorded six lightning fires per year in their one million acre study area. In the conifer forests of the West. with their dry summers, lightning strikes often start raging holocaustS that climb into the high 1JCC1ops and sometimes bum off thousands of acres. Our image of lightning fires is based on that model. But in the Southern Appalachians lighcning saikes during the summer rainy season when the deciduous leaves arc green and full of moisture and the fuel on the ground is damp. There are few dry lightning strikes in the Southeast, and lightning fires usually are soon extinguished by a drenching rain or subdued by a steady rainfall. It has been estimated that the average lightning fire burns five to 10 acres of forest. Thus, the effects of ligh1ning fires seem 10 have been small, irregular dis1urbances, localized on south-facing slopes and ridgetops at higher elevations which would show the driest conditions and be most prone to lightning strikes. The deep coves and nonh-facing slopes were so moist as to be vinually fireproof. But if the effects of lightning fires were limited, there was another source of ftre in the southern mounm.ins that unquestionably had more impac1: the human beings. The best archaeological evidence we have uncovered says that the first humans were present in this area 12,000 years ago. These were hunting-gathering people. Fire was unquestionably pan of their technological toolkit. Geographer Carl Sauer says in his essay. "Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth," "Speech, tools and fire are the tripod of culture and have been so, we think, from 1he beginning. About the hearth, the home and workshop are centered. Space heating under shelter, as a rock overhang, made possible living in inclement climates; oooking made palatable many plant product~; industrial (oonunuod annul P'&") X<ltuan Jouri!"f p ~ 3 �(c:onunued from page 3) innovators experimemed with heat treatment of wood, bone, and minerals. About the fireplace, social life took form, and the exchange of ideas was fostered. The availability of fuel has been one of the main facton. determining the location of clustered habitation." Besides using fire in the village, the human occupants of the Southern Appalachians during the Paleolithic period also set fires in the surrounding countryside 10 encourage the growth of grasses and forbs and thus improve the range for the grazing animals that were the foundation of their diet The humans also used fire as a hunting technique to drive animals either wward waiting spear-throwers or over steep cliffs. Around 10,000 years ago the life of these Paleo-Indians began to change as they moved into what is called the Archaic cultural period. As they became more familiar with the land and itS inhabitants, they began to settle more into sedentary villages. As we are told in the ''Good Medicine" column (see page 17), they burned the area around their villages to keep out pesrs and for better defensibility, and burned up the mountain slopes in the fall of the year for hunting purposes, to encourage berries, and to make nut gathering easier. Light burning every year also kept down fuel loads, thereby preventing the possibility of large, hot fires that would harm the forest and destr0y their villages. Keeping the understory clear greatly facilitated travel, particularly on the ridges and along the riversides, where the fires helped the beavers to clear the bouomland meadows. Between 800 and 1,000 AD the Cherokee tribe adopted maize agriculture and became firmly established in a mixed agricultu-m.1/ hunting lifestyle. They practiced a rotating "slash and burn" agriculture, burning their fields off annually and continuing lO fire the mountainsides every year. Unlike lightning, humans could start fires in any season of the year, wet or dry. Autumn, when a fresh layer of light, dry leaves covered the ground, was the preferred season for burning off the forest floor; spring was the time to bum over the fields. Thus, human-caused fires were of greater frequency, often of greater intensity, and covered larger areas than lightning fires. To be talking about the prehistorical impacL of fire on the SouLhern Appalachians is to be talking mostly about human impac1 on lhe mountains - through their main tool for change: fire. Fire was the the most imponant disturbance fa~tor i~ th~ Southern Appalachians; through the rrullenma since the retreat of the last glacier it has been a major shaper of the highland forest communily. In general, the light bums caused by lightning and the primitive people thinned out young trees and opened up the forest floor. When trees got to a certain age and girth they became less susceptible 10 fire damage, so that on fire.prone sites they loomed over an open forest noor that struck the first white explorers as "park-like," reminding them of Lhe carefully tended parks of Europe. Generally, it was the moist coves and north,facing slopes had the shrubs, the herbs, and the ephemeral flowers that we associate with the deep forest. We will never know many of the ways 1ha1 fire ha.c; influencc.:d the forest around U5. It changed the chemical and te,ctuml composition of the soil; it altered lhe microbial populations of Xat1&aW-Jou.rn«l ... p"4)v '-f ', p~sJ genlo,...,-- the forest: it killed insect and infestations of parasites and disease where it was present. Yet Lhere were visible signs of the force of fire's impact. Because of the abundant rainfall in 1he southern mountains, the forest cover recuperated quickly from burning, but openings remained to testify to fire's passing. Professor Kenneth L. Carvell of West Virginia University wrote, "When the first trappers and traders penetrated the Southern Appalachian wilderness, they discovered scattered treeless areas. These forest opemings were of several kinds; some natural. some man-caused (sic). In cenain localities these made up a considerable acreage. Treeless areas could be grouped into five categories: sphagnum bogs, resembling the muskeg of the nonh country; grassy glades, dominated by tall grasses; upland meadows, of debatable origin, but perhaps the result of Indian burning; "old fields," areas formerly cleared by the Indians for agriculture and now starring to grow up; and finally the high elevation balds, dominated by shrubs and stunted tree cover, but not a true tree line. Although obscured by the dense forest. these openings were discovered readily, since the first trappers and traders followed animal trails, and these often led from one glady area to the next. These openings, particularly the grassy glades and old fields, were sought out at an early date by the homesteaders and settled first, since they were spared the difficult task of clearing the dense forest cover to provide crop and grazing land. "ln spite of these scattered openings, more than 90% of the land was forested, and in the Southern Appalachians 90% of the forest was hardwood." The early European explorers spoke of grazing animals like elk and a small woods buffalo roaming the forest along with an abundance of deer. Deer are leaf-browsers that like forest edges; elk and buffalo eat grass, which grows in the open, indicating that. particularly in the bottomlands, there were substantial areas that were open and clear. The grassy balds were found at the top of the highest ridges (see KattW, Journal #5). They were thought 10 be created by extreme climatic conditions during the last Ice Age, but they were apparently maintained largely by fire since the climate warmed. Since fire suppression has caused natural succession to overtake the open balds, they are returning to forest cover. These bald areas con1ain species of grasses more commonly found in grasslands 1hat fire ecologist E. V. Komarek says "did not develop wilhout a history offire." Fire has changed 1he species composition of the tall tree canopy, exerting strong selection pressure among tree species on dry si1es. There are species of trees living in the forest today lhar are completely dependent on fire for their continued existence. There arc other tree species that 1hrive on di:aurbance and are thus pamcularly adapted to fire. Dr. Roben Zahner, formerly professor of forestry at Clemson University, tells us, "Most of the oak and pine forest stands in eastern North America were fire maintained. Oaks and Pines are not climax type species. Without d1s1urbance, they would have been displaced by maples. basswoods, hemlocks, beeches. and other cove hardwood species. In an area with rainfall as plentiful as the southern mounuuns, 1~ese 'cove· species would do well on anr good sne. However. they are not at all fire tolerant. so they were restricted from the dry south slopes . • I I ~ ano ridgetops that wire liable 10 burning. 'The mature trees of fire tolerant species can survive burning. White pines are the most fire tolerant trees. White pines have a thick bark and can withstand any kind of fire except a crown fire. They can survive when every1hing else is burned. Their seed requires an exposed mineral soil to germinate. Burning creates a good seedbed for them, so that when they drop their seed the following season it regenerates and produces a strong stand of natural white pine. "White pine does not have serorinous cones that pop open in the presence of heat, but the pitch pine and the Table Mountain pine do have serotinous cones. These species, too, require exposed mineral soil for seed germination. They like a crown fire that climbs into the trees, kills everything, and opens their cones with the heat of the names. Within a week they send down a rain of seed onto the newly cleared ground. Pitch pine and Table Mountain pine are completely fire-dependent for their germination, and since fire suppression has become the policy in the national forests, their populations have been diminishing. "Oak trees' reproductive strategy is to set a lot of young seedlings and saplings in the understory. The young trees are relatively shade tolerant, so they just stand beneath the canopy and wait for a disturbance to open up a hole for them to grow into. "Oak trees have tough roots, and are less likely to root-kill than most other species. When a fire comes through, it will kill the young and medium-sized oak trees right back 10 the ground, and then - with much of the competiuon wiped out - they will resprout into vigorous oak stands. "Yellow poplar has a lot of weedy characteristics and is another species that does well in areas likely to be disturbed by rues. Poplar has two major reproductive strategies. First, the tree will sprout at almost any age. Secondly, each mature cree will put out tens of thousands of seeds every year. Leaves fall and cover the seeds up. This process continues year after year making layers of seed underneath the leaf cover. Poplar seed can remain stored in the litter for 8-10 years. When a fire - or a disturbance of any kind - does occur, it strips off 1he layers of leaves. Many seeds die. but the seeds on the layer left exposed genninnte and begin to grow. "Black locust trees are not fire tolerant, but they are dependent on disturbance for regeneration. Locust seeds are generally not viable. The tree has become so effective at regenerating from root suckers that it has virtually lost iri; ability to reproduce by seed. But it doesn't need to seed itself. The extensive root system of a locust cnn recover a burned-over site almost immediately. "Sassafras, too, is an early succession tree. Like locust, it is a good sprouter, but it also sends out lots of viable seed. 'The ericaceous plants, such as rhododendron and mountain laurel, are also fire-dependent. Like the pines. they actually encourage tire by the fuel in their leaves. Rhododendrons can survive for 3 long time in the forest understory, but they can't bloom or set seed in the shade, so they drop their leaves each year and wait. When a fire does occur, it bums fast and hot on the depo~ited fuel and kills everything. including the rhododendron i1self • but also opens up the canopy overhead. (cor11111ood on pite 30) ,.,ultct, 1'!19 f.l-02' �WHAT IS NATURAL? The Fire History of the Mountain Forests The usual strategy for bioregionnl reinhabimtion is to restore the narural life processes and native species of a region while simultaneously working ro change human living patterns and limit the human presence to lessen the impact of our species on the land. We are largely unaware of the many subtle relationships that maintain the life ofa biorcgion, and we are usually ign_orant of_1he nature and imponance of the mynads of uny organisms that live around us and are so necessary in keeping up !he vitality of the community. In our ignorance, all we ca~ do to heal a place is 10 restore the macro- species and macro-processes of life support and allow enough space and freedom from h:1nun interruption that the land can find 11s own natural equilibrium. For rhe Kaufah Province this poses a problem: what is "natural"? It was hardly a "forest primeval" that the first European explorers encountered on the\r arrival in the New World. What they found JO eastern Turtle lsland was actually - at least in part - a managed landscape. Yet, particularly during the ninereenth cemury, wrirers continued to purvey the image of "a foresr so thick that a squirrel could travel from the Atlantic to the Mississippi without touching the ground." Francis Parkman, writing in 1892, described a scene beneath an impenetrable foresr canopy where "all is shadow, through which spors of timid sunshine steal down among legions of lank, mossy trunks, ... maued bushes, and rotted carcasses of fallen trees." While scenes like !his did abound, today we tend to see rhe old forest as a mosaic of different types, doued with openings, due largely t0 the presence and use of fire. At anolherextreme was forester llu Maxwell of the US Forest Service, who wrore an article on the "Use and Abuse of the Forest by the Virginia Indians" for the William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine in 1910, when foresters were coming 10 see fire as an unmirigated evil which had no place in the forest Maxwell had a decidedly uncomplimentary view of the First People and their fire habits. ''Though white men are rated high as destroyers of forest, they arc not JO Lhe same class with Indians," he stated. "...They are wasreful and destructive, as savages usually are, and the word economy had no place in his vocabulary...The Indian \s by nature an incendiary, and forest burning was the Virginia Indian's besetting sin." Maxwell described "open, park-like" forests unencumbered by undergrowth. He described lands cleared for agriculture along the riverbanks, and also spoke of damage done by unextinguished campfires. He quoted William B>Td, who surveyed the Virginia-Nonh Carolina line in 1728-29: "On their way, the fires they make in their camps are left burning, which catching the dry leaves which lie near, soon pu1 the adjacent woods in a flame." i.>lnt«. 1991 -92 The 1n1th about the ecological impact of burning by the First People lies somewhere between the extremes of viewpoint contrasted above. A multi-disciplinary research team from the University of Tennessee, which included archaeologists Jeff Chapman, ethnoboranis~ Andrea Shea and Patricia Cridlebaugh and paleoecologists Paul and I foz.el Delcourt, investigated the environs of old O,erokee village sites in the valley of the Little Tennessee River, and found seeds and pollen in stralified soil samples that enabled them to deduce some of the narive people's use patterns. Samples taken around the village of Tuskegee showed heavy use and burning of the bottomland and the low- and mid-elevation terraces by the Cherokee 1,500 years ago. Samples from an upland site near the village showed that the higher elevations surrounding the Little Tennessee Valley were under continuous forest cover for 3,000 years - fires may have burned Lhere, but they did not . pennanently thin out the forest canopy · unul 400 years ago, when weed seeds began to be regularly deposited in the soil. The team's research seems 10 support rhe general conclusion made by retired forestry professor Roben ?,aJtncr. "In valleys like the Little Tennessee River Valley there h.ad been conlinuous large se1tlemen1s by early cuhures since Jong before the Cherokees. When white settlers came into those valleys they found the land already largely cleared of forests by the lndian~. _The vall~ys and the !ow!lr slopes surrounding the villages w~re heavily and frequently burned. but the high mountains were not, as a generJI rule. Some balds \\Cre burned 10 maintain elk habitat, but deer and turkey were largely found 31 lower elevations, so that is where the bulk of the burning occurred." So what is the "natural" vegetative ,, . pattern of growth in the South';_ffl Appalachians? In !he sense of . natural _a.., .. "growth unaffected by human mtcrvenuon, Dr1w111g by J:«a1 Tuclla we will never know. Twelve thousand years of continuous habitation is a long time span. There have been major climate changes during the time the Fll'St People have been here. Evolutionary adjustmenrs have been m~e in that time, which must have included adJusnng to the presence of the humans - and their fires. Although their numbers were few, it seems that the native inhabitants, primarily through !heir use of fire, had a profound impact on the natural history of the Southern Appalachians. They did not dominare . evolution in the mountains, but they did influence the composition of the native flora in certain areas by opening them to the sun and encouraging fi~dependenr and fire-tolerant associations. They influenced predator/prey relationships by enhancing habi1a1 for deer, elk, and other game animals, encouraging their populations and thereby providing fo~ greater numbers of the other predator species who also hunted them. We will never be able 10 replicate the conditions of 12,000 years ago, or the changes that have happened since: But _we know that, in spite of human modaficauon, . this was still a magnificent land.i;cape when 11 was first encountered by the whites. The human inhabitants were clearly a factor influencing the process of change, but they were only one factor among the many that created the diverse mosaic of forest associations scattered throughout the mountains. While there were disturbed areas that supponed the early-succcss1on, shade rntolernnt trees, there were also nonh-facing coves 1ha1 went without a major disturb3ncc for hundreds of years at a time. Fire was an influential force in this region. Fire-dependent tree species have been (cominocd 011 ,,. ., Jll&C) Xat,101' Journm paga 5 �(canunued hom pqe S) maintained in these mountains for many generations. The grassy balds, that were created during the last lee Age but were apparently maintained by fire and grazing pressure since, arc only now falling 10 forest succession. The power of the element fire can still be fell in the forest, even after 75 years of fire suppression. The Firs1 People, largely through their use of fll'e, exened a strong influence on 1he regional life community, but not a debilitanng one. The First People found a balance, a niche, within that community that 1he natural life suppon systems could maintam. Unlike the Europeans, the native inhabitants did no1 render their environment dysfunctional, but only moved it 10 a different point of balance. The region still had itS integrity; it still was operating at full capacity. Since it is impossible to recreate a virgin mountain landscape, how then do we restore an optimally adapted ecological community? Clearly, fighting every fire is not necessary or advisable. Lightning fires have been allowed to bum for all but the last 75 years of human habitation. They are a pan of the natural landscape and should be allowed 10 return. But do we have to bum off the mountainsides every year 10 mimic the ruuive influence? If so, how much should we bum? How could we maintain the precious layer of humus 1ha1 contributes so much to 1he growth and health of 1he forest? On the other hand, if we let narural succession run its course, are we going to lose DO C LEARCUTS MIMIC FIRE? . The current policy of the US Forest Service is to clearcut lI"dCts of up to 43 acres where all the vegetation over one inch in diameter is removed and the cleared area i~ either replanted to ruws of monocullured while pine (around which is sprayed ht.-rbicidc to prevent competition from any intrnding native hardwoods) or allowed 10 regenerate by natural sprouting and seeding. This n:suhs in large areas of ''even-aged" tree s1andli that are easy and economical 10 cu1 when the loggers retum to "harvest" the adolescent regrowth 60-80 ye:m; later. ~ This method "mimics natural processes of disturbance, like fire." claims 1he Forest Service. But that is a hotly disputed claim. "Simply put, clearcu1ting docs not emulate nature in mixed hardwoods," declared retired Forest Service silviculrural researcher Leon Minckler in a recent anicle. "Oean:utting advocates argue thal clearcurs replicate wildfire bum parches. This statement is questionable in the arid Wc:;t ond almost irrelevant in the humid East where large. high-intensity forest fires rarely occur.'' Minckler is reinforced by all the environmental groups working in the Southern Appalachians today. "To begin with," says Haywood Greer. a local activist, "fires don't bulldoze 15 foot wide system roods that tear up slopes; cause erosion and siltation in ~trcams: and open the forest_ forever after 1 poachers, picnickers. 0 arsonists, campers, hunters, ORY'ers, and whoever else has st.renglh and commitment .. XotunI1 Joumot pCUJr. 6 .., • 9 t I r t, f t.,fJ valuable diversity and endangered species? Can we afford that? Two examples illusl!'llte the dilemma posed by this uncenainty. The first case centers around a concern that communities of Table Mountain pine might be eliminated from the moun111ins because of changing conditions due 10 fire suppression. Table Mountain pine occurs in association with mountain laurel and galax. All three species are fire adapted, and the Table Mountain pine needs fire to survive. The tree has serotinous cones. meaning that intense heat causes them 10 open and spill their seed. The species of the Table Mountain pine association encourage fires hot enough 10 "crown," to bum into the tops of the trees. Crown fires are hot enough 10 kill some large trees, bum the cover off the forest floor down 10 bare mineral soil, and cause the serotinous cones of the Table Mountain pine 10 open. Those fires would regenerate the Table Mountain pine association. which would then work to perpe1ua1e itself by making ilS habi1a1 area more flammable. Ftre suppression is clearly causing the demise of the Table Mountain pine tree. Existing stands are becoming old and decadent and there is little regrowth of new stands. Should we set intentional prescribed bums 10 preserve this fire-dependent species? That depends on whether we consider this species to be "natural." Lightning fires (as we saw on page 3) tend 10 be small in area and low in intensity. Lightning fires seldom produced the crown ftres necessary 10 regenerate the Table Mountain pine. enough 10 pul a vehicle in gear and gas enough to make it up the hill. "A fire doesn't come in with a chain saw and a skidder cut all the tree~ and haul them away out of the woods. Fires in the mounrnins - depending on the time of ye:ir and the dryness - arc usually cool and run lo,.., 10 1he ground. burning off the leaf cover and 1he underbrush. S11;all sarlings ;md understory trees are someumcs killed. hut unless a lot of fuel· like Jogging slash· h:i~ built up on the forest floor, fires seldom get large enough 10 kill 1he biggest trees. If the big trees are ktl led, they s1and n long time as dead snags, offoring 1he finest kind of den location for over-wintering animals. 1l1e forest biomass stays in the woods. Eventuallv the dead trunks rot out and topple over. and their bodies decompose 10 enrich the soil for the next generations of trees. "Also, fire~ around here don·t bum everything in a 20 or 40 acre area. Most fires hip-hop around and bum at random • maybe heavily here, but maybe only slightly burned over there. Fires tend m create mosaics of disiurbance on these steep ridges." Robert Zahner. formerly a forestry professor at Clemson University. talks more specifically about regeneration. ''The species that rclllm after a fire arc somewhat different than what comes back after a clearcut. l\aiural eanh-healing species sprout up after a fire weedy planL~ mostly. 1ha1 gro"' from :;eed that had tx.-en stored in the soil under the litter until the liner was burned off and 1he seed was exposctl. Most of the herbaceous seed that germinates following a fire is quite different from the seed th:il would grow follm, ing a We do not know about the fires set by the native inhabitanLS. There probably was great variation in the intensity of the fires 1hey sci, but generally, since they burned certain areas often, it would seem that they would keep the fuel loads down and have light, cool fires every few years. The great conflagrations occurred in the mountains after the logging era. The loggers left great piles of slash in the forest that, when ignited, caused hot, destructive fires that burned the whole landscape. The Table Mountain pine could be only minimally sustained by lightning fires. In the moun1ains, the tree inhabits only the driest sites or reclaims badly degraded areas. It seems very likely that, while it has long been present, the species came into its own through 1he over-burning of the white mountaineers, and expanded its influence due 10 the logging boom. h does not seem reasonable 10 perpetuate abuse in order 10 maintain a species that to a great extent was a product of human abuse. h seems that 1he ecological need for the Table Mountain pine has largely passed away, 1ha1 it is not a naturally endangered species, and that we do not have 10 talce special measures to re1ain it, but could lei narure 1ake its course. A second case is the oak tree family, widespread throughout the mountains and an important source of mast upon which many species of wildlife depend greatly. As we were told by Dr. Robert Zahner (on page 4 of this issue) frequent, light fires are influential in the continued regeneration of oak stands in (continued oo page 30) clearcut "I-ires also release nutrients in the residual ash which change the soil situation. Leaf liuer and sometimes foliage is burned in the fire. Carbon and nitrogen arc given off, but 1hc minerals stay on the site and oc·t as an instant shot of fenilizer, which changes the pH and the nutrient bal:lnce and generates a different populallt)n of herb.,ceous plants. ''After clearcuuing, some sites are prep:m:-d hy intentionally setting fires called "prescribed hums." In tcm1s of the site, thai's probably a better wuy of,.., orking than clearcumng alone - unfortunately they bum a site to prepare it for planting white pine tree~. Thal negates nny advantage there might ha, e been 10 1ha1 technique. "Right now there arc plenty of open areas con1aining early successional species. We don't have to create them. By way of immediate policy recommendations. I would suggest we let present old-growth stands continue to grow, keeping out uny fires except lightning fires. Lightning fires we should let bum. Because they bum during a rain, lightning tires don't usually burn very much, and they give a nke mosaic of disturbance. ''Why not just let lighming do it'! If we are trying to maintain natur.tl systems and narural biological diver.;i1y, then just letting lightning fires bum would be the best and easiest way to do it. Mo~t of this forest is so disturbed. beat up. and cut over anyway. It\ a long. long way from being a natural syscem. t would prefer 10 let lighming-ignited fires burn wherever they are going 10 bum, and just let them help the foreM 10 recover." , . Winter, 199 1-92 - fr... ,__,, J I f �SMOKEY AND THE RED WOLVES For many years after white settlers staned moving into the Southern Appalachians, fire pauems changed linle from the days of native habitation. The whites were farmers, coming from Europe where the great forests had long been leveled. They tended to see the forest as an enemy 10 be overcome. Wilderness equaled "wasteland" in their minds, and they started out energetically 10 overcome the forest to make it produclive fannland. But for their ally Fire, it would have been a losing battle. The whites used fire in clearing agricultural fields as the lndians had, but the immigrants first girdled trees with their steel axes, planted crops in the resulting "deadenings," and then later felled and burned the standing snags. Their numbers and their steel tools made the newcomers more effective at clearing land - and keeping it clear - than the Indians had ever been. The forest began to recede up the hillsides. The white people also began to mimic the Indians' practice of burning the forest noor. At first they did it for identical reasons, but as they became more settled and the predator species were thinned out, the Europeans began to free-range livestock in the woods. At frrst there were only a few scrawny cows and scattered bands of domestic pigs roaming the forest, but as the numbers of white inhabitants grew, they put more and more animals out to forage on the mountain slopes. And they staned more and more fires to encourage grass and open grazing areas. As old-timer Taylor Crockett of Macon County has said, "fn those days people vinually replaced the native wildlife with cattle, hogs, and sheep." Firing the woods became an annual ritual, supposedly economically justifiable - but also exciting and fun. The early white settlers found one purpose to which the First People had never employed fire: genocide. One example was Colonel James Grant's raid of 176 I. In retaliation for a Cherokee victory ai Fon Loudoun, Tennessee, in which 50 white people were kiUed, Grant was ordered on a campaign through the Little Tennessee and Tuckaseegee River Valleys. He rode with a vengeance, destroying crops and every village he found. In his journal Grant bragged that he had torched fifteen towns (including the principal town of Katuah): ravaged "l,400 acres of com. beans, pease, etc."; and driven about 5,000 men, women, and children "into the woods and mountains to srnrve." As more and more Europeans flooded into the mountains, the increased use of fire became detrimental to the forest. Although fire Winter, 1991 92 was still being used largely in the traditional manner, its use was so frequent and so universal that the forest was degraded in many areas because it was not allowed time to recuperate. H.B. Ayers and W.W. Ashe, in their repon on The Sowhern Appalachian Forest, published in 1905 for the US Geological Survey, wrote that, "More than 78,000 acres of the region examined have recently been so severely burned as 10 kill the greater ponion of the timber. but the greater damage has been done by light fires creeping through the woods year after year. scorching the butts and roots of timber trees, destroying seedlings and forage plants, consuming forest litter and humus, and reducing the thatch of leaves which breaks the force of the rain. Evidence of such fires is found over approximately 4,500,000 acres, or 80 percent of the entire area." At one study site in Cades Cove in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, researcher Mark Hannon found that the mean interval between fires on south-facing slopes between 1855 and 1940 was 12.7 years. Considering that observation, Peter White, also of the Park research st.aff, said that in Cades Cove, "During the period of Euro-American settlement, fires were so frequent that few treeS reached a size capable of surviving even cool surface ftres." The damage to the Appalachian forest and waters began to be noticed by the late 1800's. People began to complain of the erosion caused by the frequent burning and the resulting decline in stream quality. A history of the US Forest Service in the southern mountains, Mountaineers and Rangers, mentioned a survey of the Southern Appalachian forestlands published in 1902 by Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson and Gifford PinchoL The survey said that "the special hardwood forests of the beautiful Appalachians were being destroyed by lumbering, fires, and - perhaps worst - by mountainside farming. These agents of destruction were causing the soil 10 leach, slopes to erode, and streams to flood their banks with rain and melting snow." It was not a coincidence that the tum of the century also saw the beginnings of the forestry profession. The Biltmore Forestry School, the first forestry school m the United States, was located in Pisgah Fore.\t, North Quolina. It was begun by the German forester Carl Schenck, who was brought over by the Vanderbilts, and subsequently directed by Gifford PinchoL Suddenly the mountain forests were attracting professional imercs1. There was a growing awareness that the yearly burning was destroying a fonune in timber, and, since the railroads had finally penetrated into the mountains, there was at last a way 10 get at it To the foresters a forest was an investment, more than an ecosystem with its own processes and priorities. The newly-convened foresters saw burning the woods as the utmost stupidity. 1n 1923, Nonh Carolina Forester J. S. Holmes surveyed rural residents to determine the answer to the "burning" question: why did they ftre the woods? He fouod that some fires were staned by ''carelessness" and others by "negligence." "Locomolives," "hunters," "sawmills," and the blanket category "matches. cigar stumps, boys, etc." contributed their share. While the most common reason stated for starting woodland fires was "to improve the range," Holmes' survey showed conclusively that by far the greatest proportion of fires were sraned by people "without much object, 10 see it bum, etc." The damage to the forest was considerable, but the worst was to come. The large timber companies followed the railroad into the mountains. and the Appalachian timber boom was on. The timber barons were ruthlessly exploiting a resource. They lo;ged widely and indiscriminately. Whole hillsides were cleared. Yet the greatest descruction came from fires that staned after the loggers had left a site. ln their greed and carelessness, the logging companies left behiod on the desecrated slopes great piles of slash, the tops of fallen m:es. This build-up of fuel caused fierce, hot fires that destroyed the remaining crces, burned up the organic layer of the soil, caused massive erosion and siltation. and even degraded the potential of the forest to recover. 1n the eyes of the foresters, and increasingly among the general public, fl.l'C began to be perceived as an unmitigated evil. ln his book Fire in America, Stephen J. Pyne quotes lines from a poem of the period. 'They are loosed from their hiding And the red wolves are riding There is blood and blast and fury in their eyes And their packs go a-crashing There's a crackle and lashing Breathing smoke and sparks and splinters to the skies. - Anthony Euwer, "Red Wolves" (canunucd on next page) x.atuar, Journat pQCJe 7 �(continW'd from page 7) The Southern Appalachians came to be seen as a national disgrace, and a call grew for the establishment of timber reserves in the region. It seemed to be the only way to halt the fires and the flooding. The timber companies were agreeable. They had already used the forested eastern mountains. Now their sights were set on the tall old-growth stands of the Pacific Nonhwest. They were happy to sell out and leave. Timber barons and politicians alike found that it was sttategically wise to blame the problems of the forests on fire. Fire control enjoyed a political unanimity that controversial initiatives to regulate logging practices did not. "To save the forests, the main thing is to make laws to stop the fires," intoned timber magnate F. E. Weyerhauser before a congressional committee in 1908. The Weeks Act of 1911 provided for federal purchase of timberlands in the East, and the US Forest Service was born to care for and manage the lands. The new Forest Service rangers in the Appalachians saw their first task as stopping fire. They consn-ucted a fire lookout system and organized fire-fighting crews. They began a large-scale enforcement and public education program to convince local fanners to give up the practice of firing the woods. Throughout the l 930's and the I940's, as the forest gradually grew back and began to repair the scars of its mistreatment, firefighting and prevention was a major focus of the rangers' effons. In a stroke of advertising genius, they recruited the aid of Smokey the Bear. The national public relations campaign was successful beyond all eitpectations, and as a side-effect greatly enhanced the image of the by Vic Weals East Tennessee rivers were at their lowest flow in anybody's memory, and the 15.38 inches of rain that fell in the first seven months of 1925 were less than half the normal. The Knoxville weather station was in its 55th year, and 1925 was the honest a.nd driest yet recorded, meteorologist J.I. Widmeyer told the local newspapers. The temperature for Monday, Sept. 7, ~ 925, is still the highest recorded on that date in all the 109 years of the Knoxville weather station. The official reading was 102 degrees. Logging camps had their greatest exodus of workers. Heat without letup and short tempers had sent many a man packing. Benha and Frank Coppenger were still working for logging contractor Gold Millsaps a1 the beginning of September in l 925. Bertha remembers Saturday, Sept. 5, 1925, as a notably ominous, uncomfonable day in Jeffreys Hell. There was smoke in the air from the woods fire that had now burned more than two weeks across the ridge on South Fork. Frank was working at scaling logs that Saturday. He measured them as they were brought to the rail landing, and kept a record of 1he number and kind and size. Frank brought Will Graves, the camp foreman, home to the Coppenger quarters after their work day ended in the afternoon. ~~lU\» J(!Uf~t pm.JC 8 Forest Service as the friends of Smokey and all the forest crearures. Smokey's massive propaganda campaign did help greatly in the fire prevention effon, but it also had some negative results. Only in recent years has it become once again acceptable 10 talk of the positive and necessary effects of ' THEN JT HAPPENED! SOME CAREI.E55 PE.RSOIII i'LIPPEO A LIGHTED MATCH ••• From 'TM Tr,u Story a/Smoky tM B~ar· naturally-caused fire in some ecosystems. The Tall Timbers Research Station in Florida, for eitample, opened up new pathways in fire research and for 20 years has sponsored an annual scienrific conference on fi.re ecology. ln 1963. the Leopold Report. presented 10 the National Park Service, and th~ 1964 Wilderness Act both called on federal agencies to recognize fire's role in wildlancrs. But because of the degree of one-sided conditioning, the general public is having difficulty accepting the fact that fire is a process that is natural and, in some ecological communities. essential. One guide to the future is the fire policy in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park which has the avowed goal of maintaining an FIRE IN JEFFREYS HELL Frank filled his homemade poplar-board bathtub with warm water and invited Will to take his first bath. Frank told him to take his time, and Will did, soaking for maybe half an hour in the last great enjoyment he would experience on eanh. Benha says they had dinner early Sunday, and right after that, about 12 noon, the men were called out The fire was coming across the mountain into Jeffreys Hell itself. "Frank left with the other men to tty 10 smn a back-fire and maybe save the camp," Benha says. ''There was nothing fo.r me 10 do but 1alce the children and ge1 ou1 of 1hcre," Bertha explains at this point 1ha1 her two oldest daughters, Sylvia and Beatrice, had left camp only a week before for the Stan of the school term in Tellico Plains. It was the two youngest daughters, Bessie and Lula, who were in Jeffreys Hell with their parents on that fateful day. "I got my husband's suit and draped it over my ann," Benha continues. "I put the Bible into his front pocket. The Bible had all the family binh records in it" "I had a new dress from Sears and Roebuck. I had never worn that dress. It was still in the box that it had been mailed in. I ecosystem similar 10 that present before white settlement for the purpose of human recreational enjoyment. Flawed though the guidelines may be from the point of view of habitat preservation, the Park still represents 550,000 acres of (nearly) de /aero wilderness. Under current laws, the Park is not able to use prescribed bums and must suppress every fire ignited within the Park boundaries. However, a draft policy recommendation is being prepared which will suggest that naturally-caused fires be monitored and, in some cases, be allowed 10 bum. Under the new policy, the Park might be able 10 use fire in cenain situations - to suppress eitotic species invading the Park, for example, or to reestablish habitat for species like the red cockaded woodpecker, which once inhabited the Great Smoky Mountains. This bird likes open woodlands, and when the undergrowth in its nesting area grows up more than 10-15 feet in height, it abandons its nesting site and moves elsewhere. However, due to complete fire suppression, there is no "elsewhere'' in the Park and little in the mountains as a region. The woodpecker has been sighted in eastern Tennessee. but the las, confirmed sighting in the Park was in 1982, although in recent years there have been several unverified sightings of birds that could be red cockaded woodpeckers. Like the red wolf, a policy that allows narurally-caused fires to bum may be reintroduced in the Southern Appalachians vio the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Fire has a place in the forest, of that we are sure. We are less sure of how 10 bring fire back into its proper place in the scheme of things. ~ took it out of the box and draped iL over my arm with my husband's suit ttWe started down the railroad toward the town of Jeffrey. It was several miles, 1 forget exactly how far. "We walked the crossties. I couldn't make it very fast because I wasn't used to walking on crossties. "And my least linlc girl, I had to carry her most of the way. ''And it looked like every few minutes we were going to be cut off by the fire. ''The train came up the grade, but didn'1 stop for us. The engineer motioned us down toward the town," she recalls. She says the locomotive had been in the repair shed and was taken our hastily that Sunday to go on the emergency run. The screen that should have been in place on the smokestack to catch sparks from the fireboit was not in place. And as the engine scattered hot cinclerS into Jeffreys Hell, it set new fires behind it. Garfield A. Milsaps also worked for logging conttactor Gold Millsaps, and lived in the same camp with Frank and Bertha Coppenger and Bill Graves, the camp foreman. He remembers Sunday morning. September 6, 1925. "Bill Graves told me to get the horses out of there while I could. We had them fine big logging horses • Nonnans and Percberons (continued on page 10) loJ\.I\WT, J99J-9'2 I �Barbara J. Sands In Less Than Ten Moons A message for my Brothers at Lewisburg In less than ten moons, the moans of pleasure in a moment's quiet passion flow steady as the river into moans of labor. The blending of two spirits in sacred dance, in less than ten moons, the creator weaves beneath my skin into a new life. Karuah for Hawk I listen to you deny your power to change, to rise above the habits of self devastation that have always held you back. You tell me that you are too weak, that il is too hard ... In quiet understanding, l smile... Do you think you walk alone? In these quiet hills the swirling mist curls skyward, Mother Earth offering her pipe to the Great Mystery. It is easy to feel her in these ancient mountains. My bare toes dig into the damp soil. The breeze plays with my hair and shoulders. I am invisible here, part of the whole. My brother, when you can see the other road, the birthing has already begun. I grow roots, deep into the body of the Mother. Her energy flows through me, caressing me, warming me. I join the timeless flow of all things. Does it help you to know that it is useless to tell me what can not be done? Three times, I have felt the swelling of life within my belly, Three times, I have birthed between my legs a Jiving miracle, Three times, I have watched the first breath of a warm, wet, newborn And seen with my own eyes, and felt with my own flesh, and known with my own heart, the power of the Spirit That Flows in All Things to change the world ... In less than ten moons. I dream. I am a mountain lion. An eagle. A rock in a swiftly flowing stream. A leaf floating in the breeze. A seed, waiting in the earth. I am everything. I am nothing. The day breaks. Father paints the sky with gold. And I never want to leave this place. k1lntcr, Hl91-92 Dnwin& by Rob Mmiclo. �~ • • a. -- ... ..,. ' Drawing by Rob Levacn (cantinuod &om page 8) and ClydesdaJes and someoLhers. We had 18 head of horses. "We tied them Logether single-file and led them down the railroad track. Fred Allen, George Robens, Oley Hooper and Jape McClure (now deceased) helped me. There might have been some others. "We walked the horses between the rails where the ballast between the crossties made a smooth path. Sometimes there was a smoother trail beside the railroad. We took to the creeJc to get around trestles. Horses won't hardly walk a trestle. "We tied the horses below the store and post office at Jeffrey. Then we all went back up the creeJc to help fight the fire." Walter J. Evans, wife Grace and their first two sons, Leslie, about 4 years old, and Bill, 15 months old, lived just up the track from the Gold Millsaps' camp and within sight of it. "Me and Frank Coppenger and a bunch of men went to the fire line along the top of the mountain," Walter recalls. He says they thought they had the fire controlled there. "We got up there a linle ways and we heard the train coming up the railroad. "We ran back down and Frank was ahead of me and got to the train, him and several more of the boys did. "'The fire cut me and a bunch of the other boys off and we didn't get to the train. "We had to go back 10 the top of the mountain to where the fire had already burned over and get out thataway," Walter recalls. One of the people with Walter was a young relative who was quite drunk. "He was too drunk to be afraid of what was happening to us," Walter says. Walter himself was only 31 years old but he said to the younger man, "Son, I ha~ to leave you here to get burned up. But I've fooled with you till I don't know whether ru get out or not. I'm going to have to leave you." Walter says he began to run, and left the other man. "But in just a few minutes he passed me running. He ran over trees and rocks and turned somersets and outran me to the top of the mountain. "He wouldn't get scared until be seen Xawan )oumat I 4J t •: 1 )P'": 1t ,• pQCJa l O JI so • that I left him. He got scared then." Garfield Millsaps, returned from leading the horses down the valley, was caught behind the fire in the group with Walter. The men were running side by side when Walter threw away his ax. "What was that you throwed away?'" Garfied asked him "My ax," Walter said. "Don't throw our cools away," Garfield said. "Where we're going in a few minutes we won'c need none, and I ain't taking none with me," Walter told Garfield. "I was sure we were all going to die right there and right then," Walter says. ' Everybody in that group survived, though. And of !he dozens of men scauered over the thousands of acres of Jeffreys Hell that day, only Frank Coppenger and Bill Graves died. Fronk and Bill and the others !hat made it to the train were able to load the household furniture from Walter Evans' shanty car and one other onto the train. Then they had to leave, because the fire was moving in. Cinders from the locomotive's stack had set new fires down the creek and closed off that escape. Engineer Dave Dockery started the train on up the valley. There was no alternative. . Walter says there was a big, new log landing beside the creek in a curve of the railroad about 300 yards above the camp. The landing was smned in March, and the teams had been bringing logs in for six months now and only one trainload of logs had been hauled away from it. Frank Coppenger and Bill Graves left the train there. 'The men told me later that they wet their handkerchiefs in the water of the creek and started up over that landing " Walter continues. ' 'They thoughc they could make it across the mountain to Willis Tucker's camp to warn him about the fire." 'They got up just a litde ways and had to run out of the slddroad into a field of green touch-me-nots. That's where they got burned up," Walter says. _The wind was up and updrafts were carrying great masses of flame from ridge to ridge by now. Frank and Bill were thought to have died of suffocation before their bodies bumed. Big portions of both bodies were burned a~ay; Frank's was identifiable by !he gold in bis teeth. The buckles from Bill's overalls were found under his corpse. Too, Bill had on a hat and Frank didn't, and the hat insulated Bill's head so that it was burned less than Frank's was. . All the people who stayed on the train survived. They left the train on the first leg of a double switchback at the head of the valley. They were able to run to safety through a hollow that had burned out two days previously, Walter says. Bertha sensed on Sunday afternoon that Frank was dead. She waited beside camp most of the night while searchers depaned and returned. Her two oldest daughters came across the mountain from Tellico Plains to be with ~er. All four daughters, Sylvia, Beatnce, Bessie, and Lula, were wi1h her when word came that Frank's body had been found early the next morning. The watches of both victims, Frank and Bill, had been welded by the heat and stopped at 2 o'clock, two hours after their Sunday dinner. :;, R~pri,1ud wi11t pumissi()nfrom /M Knoxville Journal ofMarcJi 22, /979 and Marclt 29, /979. At,: Fisherman/ (t:.~= Fire Plevcntion Ad from 1923 Wlnur, 199 1-92 :r IIJIH i, ,•11 '•' �'!Tif'" .' • • t I t •• "# ~ • crossroads. These men worked iron for a trade, but it also was common for homesteaders to have a small anvil and forge on their farm. Just as homeowners today usually have a power saw and know how to drive a nail, so fanners in those times knew how to do many of the small repairs that wcrc always necessary. So, although the blacksmith was important and respected in the community by right of his skill, he had no monopoly on the trade. It was a common, egalitarian line of work. In that period, labor was cheap and materials were hard to come by. The smith provided a service, and so took whatever the community could provide in trade for his work. Iron was a valuable commodity. new or us~. ~d the ~~y was also a salvage shop. Sm1~mg and nulling were the high points of !he village technology; but the smithy probably looked more like a scrap yard than a prosperous local business. FIRE AND FORGE by Jan Davidson and David Brewin Just as the fire on the hearth was the cemer of the home, the bl:icksmith's fire was the center of community production in the mountain villages of the European settlers. Before the Southern Appalachians and the other rural areas of the country were tied into the mass market and che nattonal manufacturing system, a simple local technology was shaped at the blacksmith's forge. Upon it was based a self-sufficient rural economy. The guiding principle was, "Figure out how to m~e it and hammer it out," according to R. 0. Wilson, of Speedwell Community in Jackson County, NC. Shelter was the first thin~ a frontier family_ thought of on arriving at a likely locanon. With a double-bitted axe, a broadaxe, a foot adze, and a square, they could put a log house together. The next necessity was food. The blacksmith made the tools for food production. Unless a fanner wanted to work with a wooden plow, he went to the blacksmith. The smith also made equipment for handling the draft animals, not only the horse shoes, ox shoes, and mule shoes, but also the bns and rings of the harness. The t00ls to cook the food with were also made in the smithy, as well as the wagons that hauled the produce to market. ~ot every blacksmi~ could make a wagon of iron and wood, but m those remote mountain villages, where people had to be self-reliant, a lot of them could do the job. Any good blacksmith's shop could fix a wagon and pUl "tires" (as the steel rims were called) on the wheels. The whole transportation system depended on the blacksmith. The blacksmith made all the edged tools lo>tntcr, 199 I -92 Iron Work by David Bttwin · knives, axes, saws - that a farmer took into the woods when going to hunt meat for food or to cut wood for building or heating lhe home. The gun he carried was often made in the same village he lived in. Guns were critical to the early mountain families for food and for defense, and gun-making was a branch of blacksmithing. The blacksrruth could make a loom. The blacksmith could make a grist mill. "You had to have hoes, you had to have plows and horses, cradle blades, mowing blades, axes, mauocks and wedges, go-devils, all of these things," says long-time mountain resident Mary Jane Queen. ..•And single-tree hardware, hinge pintles, staples. naiJs, cooper's adze.-;, ginseng hoes, bear traps, bullet molds, cowbells, augers, barking spuds, pothooks, sickles, post-hole diggers, froes. spatulas, ladles - all of these were products of the blacksmith's an. For food, clothing. shelter, and tronsponation. almost every aspect of the community except its spiritual life, people were dependent on the blacksmith. The smithy was a focal point for the village. It was a center for the village economy, but it also was a men's social center. ln those days a person did not drop something off and say, "!'II be by to pick this up after J do some shopping." When a man brought a job in, he and the blacksmith worked on it together. "They would go there, the men folks would, if they had tools to have fixed, and they would help grandpaw run the forge, and they'd sit and talk· then they'd get up and work a while, and then they'd talk awhile." remembers Mary Jane Queen. There was at least one blacksmith in each town and often there was a smithy at the Blacksmithing was always associated with magic. For a srni!h to lake what looked like ~lain rocks from the ground, draw out hard iron, and transform that iron into tools and weapons that gave their social group an immense technological advantage must have seemed magical indeed. In Christian Europe when the technology of ironworlcing had become common, the blacksmith was still held in some awe, but it was not the elevated stature the smith had held in the early days of civilization. Particularly in PoJand and Russia blacksn:tiths ~ere thought 10 be in league with' the devil. h 1s easy to see why. The smith's sweaty, blackened face and torso dinied by working all day at the sooty forg;; the forge fire. hot and bright; the incessant ringing of metal on metal; the showering sparks in the smith's gloomy shop. which had to be kept darkened so the smith could ·:iccurately sec the color of the metal he was working: all the images associated with Hell were drawn from the blacksmith's trade. The mountain story of "Wicked John and the Devil" carried the connection over into the New World in the tale of a blacksmith who was "meaner'n the devil himself.~ Well-known mountain storyteller Ray Hicks tells a "Jack tale" that relates how Jack magically trapped seven devils in his sack. Jack took his sackload to the blacksmith, who pounded them 10 cinders on his anvil. In a different tradition, iron was supposed to defeat the magic of the fairies or the Little People. In the British Isles some travelers would wear an iron pin to protect tl\emscl,ves from ~sfortune along their way. The smithy, where iron was the stock in trade was obviously a safe place, free of magic. ' Other folklore followed the blacksmiths' trade across the ocean. One custom held that the water in which the smith quenched the hot iron was a cure for poison ivy. There were many others. Even today some blacksmiths tap the anviJ three times at the end of the workday to ''chain the devil." In Europe, the basic tools of the blacksmith • the nnvil, hammer, forge. and bello~s - had all taken their classic shape by the Middle Ages. Their design has been little changed to this day. . The other primary tool of the blacksmith 1s fire. People do not usually think of fire as a (a,ntinued OIi DCJCI ~ ) Xatilall Journa£ paqc 11 �which earned it into the forge 10 aerate the f1re. In the forge, lhe ore was formed into a "bloom," a roughly spherical blob of semi-molten iron, air bubbles. and impurities. The bloom was beaten under the uip hammer to remove air and foreign materials. When it was done, it had been beaten into a nauene.d "ham." The Hanging Dog Bloomcry Forge turned ou1 1wo or three hams a day, each weighing about 20 pounds. The hams were shaped into b~ with curved ends like sled runner,; so thnt a bundle of them could be dragged behind a t¢.'lm or oxe~ to local blacksmiths' shops within a five or six county area. This level of production me1 1he needs of the area until the railroad came and tied 1he region in10 the national industrial system. It quickly became more economical to dig iron Photo councsy of Ille Mountain Heniagc Center (continued Crom page II) 1001 because it is no1 a solid objec1 that is picked up and manipula1ed wi1h 1he hands, bu1 fire is crucial 10 every stage of the blacksmilh's work. Woodworkers shape 1heir ma1erial by removing some of it. bUL, while it is hot, iron is a plastic me.dium thal can be reshaped with li11le or no material being losL The forge is the specialized fireplace that holds the blacksmith's superheated fire. In early times, blacksmiths used charcoal as fuel, but shonly after the Civil War coke came to be the most common fuel used in the mountains. Coke is soft coal burned slowly at low temperatures to remove the impurities., as charcoal is made from wood. The bJacksmjth made his own coke, healing it slowly and with almos1 no air around the sides of 1he forge. The blacksmith's fire was kept very hot by the continuous ac1ion of a bellows. (foday a blacksmi1h is more likely to use anelecuically-powen:d blower.) For each process perfonned by the blacksmith, the metal must be a1 precisely the right temperature. For some processes the metal must be heated to over 2000 degrees FahrenheiL As the temperature of the metal changes, so docs i1s color. The color changes arc the blacksmith's thermometer, and the smi1h must learn to distinguish the various gradations of color in the heated metal. The iron changes from pale yellow to straw yellow, purple, blue, gray, dull red, sun rise red, cherry red, light red, almos1 orange, and then white as its internal rempe.rruure rises. More time in the heat of 1he flames turns white heat to incandescent white and then to a liquid yellow, which indicates that the surface has become semi-molten. • When the metal is hca1ed 10 the right degree, the smith can flntten it or taper it, in a process known as "drawing out." Or the smith can "upset" the metal by drawing it back on itself. If a tool needs holes, the smith can punch them out. Two pieces of hot iron can be joined together by ''forge welding," hammering them together on the anvil. Blacksmiths' hammers come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Some are swung, while others are sci on the piece and StrUClc with a sledge wielded by an assistant, "the striker." In a small shop 1herc is usually only one anvil, but it is capable of doing many different jobs. The flat face of the anvil is used 10 hammer the metal into the various shapes. The Xatunfl JOU-ma! page 12 horn is used in bending circles or arcs of various sizes and can also be used to speed up 1he drawing out process, since the roundness of the hom acts as a lens to focus the energy of the blow. Af1er shaping, the tool or part being worked is heat treate.d to give either the hardened metal of a axe head or the springy, shock-absorbing metal of a saw. As in forging, the color of the polished metal tells the smith what kind of hardness, brit1leness, or springiness the finished tool will have. Axe heads or chisels can be treated to vary the hardness wi1hin the tool. A cold chisel tempered by a smith can be hard and tough at the cuuing edge and relatively soft at the baner end so 1ha1 the force of the blows is cushioned and the chisel is less likely to break. Today the hardening and tempering of tools is done in computer-controlled factory ovens. Treating tools in large batches may be economically more efficient, bul an old blacksmith would consider the tools that we use today to be of inferior quality. Contrary to a commonly-held stereotype, mountain life was not completely agricultural and not all a matter of handwork. Blacksmithing was pan of a sclf-rontained, localized industrial process. Even the iron used in the blacksmith's shop was produced within the region at "bloomery forges," like the two located in Hanging Dog, North Carolina. Wood for charcoal and limonite, iron ore, were found near 1he site, and 1he operation was powered by wa1er power. The ore was washed under a scream of water and crushed to powder beneath the weight of a 750 pound water-driven hammer suiking at the rate of 100 times per minute. The powdered ore was mixed with chan:oal and healed in the bloomery forge. The forge fire was kepi hot by the "trompe," a simple, ye1 very sophisticated mechanism that fed a continuous stream of air to the forge. Running creek water filled a tank at the top of the trompe. The water fell through rwo tubes, which were pierced with small holes. The falling water drew air through the holes into the tubes. At the bottom, the water and air entered what was known as the "wind box." The rising level of the water forced the air upwards and out through the wind 1ubc, out of big pit mines, smelt it in huge blast furnaces, and ship ii great distances. By 1920 the local blacksmiths were being usurped by large hardware companies who were sending out catalogs by mail tha1 offered almos1 everything in the tool line. Small-town country scores would keep a catalog and make orders for their customers. People became accustomed to purchasing standard tools from the catalog, but there were special tools that were never included, and there still were people who would go to the local blacksmith, because they did not have the cash to order through the mail. But they became fewer and fewer, and gradually the local blacksmiths disappeared. When the automobile was introduced, it was a natural step for blacksmiths 10 move into mechanics, body work, or welding. Tourism provided one outlet. In Yancey and Mitchell Coumies, for instance, 1he Boone family succc.c;sfully made a transition to ornamental and decorative ironwork. The company still makes andirons, chandeliers, flre sets, and other ornamental pieces for customers on four continents. Their succes~iul business means that in Spruce Pine, North Carolina there is still a blacksmith shop where a tool can be made or repaired.Other small smithies still operate in the mountains. In recent years, 1he John C. Campbell Folk School has been a center for smithing instruc1ion. Students have come from every part of the country to study there under Oscar Canircll or the internationally known master smith, Francis Whit1aker. Ah.hough it may have been displaced from itS position as the keeper of the village fire, _the tradition of blacksmithing still conunues. p/a,J' Jan Davidson is curaror of the Mou111ain Heritage Center on the campus of Westem Carolina University in Cullowhee, NC. Dtn•id Brewin also works QJ the Cenrer. bur blacksmithing is his first Jove. The exhibit "lron.f in the Fire· is currently 011 display OJ tht MoU11trun lfrritoge Centu. Tht prtse1110twn brings to life tht hinory of black.smithing, shows m llll(l(lrlance 10 tlU! Europt0/1 stllltrs in the IIIOUntuins, and illustrates contemporary app/ica11ons of the art. Tht uhibit includes a 20-minuu mu/ti-image slidt show and is open Monday- Friday from 8 am 10 5 pm. For mare informtJtion, call (704) 227-7129. 1.,1,n~r. t99t-92 �THE FIRST FIRE out again at the same hole, but his 'body had been scorched black, and he has ever since had the habit of daning and doubling on his track as if trying to escape from close quarters. He came back, and the great blacksnake, Gule'gi, "the Climber," offered to go for fire. He swam over to the island and climbed up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake always does, but when he put his head down into the hole the smoke choked him so that he fell into the burning stump, and before he could climb out again he was as black as the Uksu'lu. Now they held another council, for still there was no fire, and the world was cold, but birds, snakes. and four-footed animals, all had some excuse for not going. because they were all afraid 10 venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kanane'ski Amai'yelii, the water spider, said she would go. This is not t.he water spider that looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair and red stripes on her body. She can run on top of the water or dive to the bottom, so there would be no trouble to get over 10 the island. but the question was, How could she bring back the fire? ''I'll manage that.." said the water spider, so she spun a thread from her body and wove il into a rusti bowl, which she fastened on her back. Then she crossed over to the island and through the grass to where the fire was still burning. She put one little coal of fire into her bowl, and came back with it, and ever since we have had fire, and the water spider still keeps her msri bo~. ~v In the beginning there was no fire, and the world was cold, until the Thunders, who lived up in Ga/un'/ari, sent their lightning and put fire into the bottom of a hollow sycamore tree which grew on an island. The animals knew it was there, because they could see smoke coming out at the top, but they could not get to it on account of the water, so they held a council 10 decide what to do. This was a long time ago. Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go after the fire. The raven offered, and because he was so large and strong they thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first. Ile flew high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore tree, but while he was wondering what to do next, the beat had scorched all his feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the fire. \Vahultu, the liule screech-owl, volunteered to go, and reached the place safely, but while he was looking down into the hollow tree a blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He managed 10 fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he could see well, and his eyes are red to this day. Then U'guk.11, the hooting owl, and Ts/dli, the homed owl, went, but by the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning so fiercely that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried up by the wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home again without the fire, but with all their rubbing they were never able to get rid of the white rings. No more of the birds would venture, and so the liule Uks11'Jii snake, the black racer, said he would go through the water and bring back some fire. He swam across 10 the island and crawled through the grass 10 the tree, and went in by a small hole in at tne bottom. The heat and smoke were too much for him, 100, and after dodging about blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire himself, he managed by good luck to get ::!II' Version collected by James Mooney inl>tywo{llutC/iuol<LeandSa.:r~ FtxmMlaso/llut CMrouu, published in 1900. A tusLi bowl wos o cloy vt.r~I. scribed w11h o urtain design \l'ht her was the vusel itselfor was the name of the po11tr11 of markings is n •I known, but the IIISU bowl was o .wcred ium. IUSU ' 1.i~nt~r. 1991-92 A Cherokee Legend Drawings by James Rhea �HEARTH & FIRE IN THE MOUNTAINS by Barbara Wickersham The Highlands of Roan is a place of spectaculru- beauty. Seven1.een miles of the Appalachian Trail cross the massif and are reputed 10 be some of the mos1 beautiful stretches of the 2,000-mile 1rek. Settlers started moving into this tumble of mountains in the very late I 700's and discovered vast forests filled with big timber and abundant game; plenty of fresh, clean water, teeming wi1h trout: and possibilities for subsistence farming, "sona hard come by." They brought wilh them to this wilderness a strong need for hearth and lire. . The hearth, called "hath" by the ol~-~crs, was the cc~ter of f!IUCh family acnvny and took prominence m the building of a home. Much care and time was spent in its creation since ii was not only 1he center of family life, bu1 essential for survival. . While I was in Roan Mountain recently, a fnend and I smpped by to see my friend Jim. a mountain man of great presence who is a story teller quintessential, a natural historian, and a philosopher of sons. He has survived many a harsh fire-demanding winter in the Roan Mountain Community and seemed to be a perfect source. His blue eyes squinted thoughtfully as he peered out from under a shock of grey hair, a work-worn hand resting gently on Joe, his big Gennnn shepherd lying protectively at his side. He leaned back comfortably in his grea1 chair and agreed 10 share with us some thoughts about the use and importance of heanb and fire during his growing up years. "First," he explained, "You built the chimley to a house, and you jest got big field stones and clay mud, and you'd lay up a rock and then you'd lay up a bunch of clay mud, then ano'1!er round of rocks and more mud 'till you get high as you wanted, and then you built your hearth." His voice trailed off as he seemed lost in another time, another place for the moment, then sighed, remembering, and continued. "You hunted as big a flat rock as you could find to make a heanh out of. Gen'ly had to build up small rocks under it to make it level with the floor. What it was for was to catch the fire 'till it wouldn't get out and bum the house. They'd be three to four fec1 long and a1 least about that deep back. Then you got a big backstick that was to go in the back of the fircplace ... throwed the heat out Sometimes hit would be 16 to 18 inches through, sometimes bigger, and jest half it, and il'd take two to pu1 it on. "Sometimes you'd have 10 roll it in, but it'd last all day behind there, and you'd pu1 smaller wood in front. Then you had a fire, and you usually never let ii go out 'til along after April when they'd have an old cookstove a'goin', and hit went through the summer 'bout all day." Matches to start the fire were not easily obtained. [f available at all, a box of matches cost about a nickel and "it took sometimes an hour to work ou1 that nickel back in the late '20s and early '30s. l can remember well when people would borrow fire, bring a little old bucket, come to borrow a chunk of fire. I've Xatuah J?14n~t J1Q9lt 14 PholO coune,y of lbe Mounwn Heriiaac Caller even know'd 'em to take the shot out of a shotgun shell and put a piece of co1ton where the sho1 was - the powder would still be in the shell - and they'd lire 1ha1 into some real dry kindlin' or punk and it would set that co11on a-fire. Then you jest blow'd on it and you'd have a good fire in jest a minute." Punk is very dry rotten, crumbly wood found inside some hardwood trees. "You could get it beuer out of a hard maple and usually ever'body kepi a little around where it would be dry. Hit wouldn't blaze bu1 made big coals, and once it was a'fire, it s;ayed a'fire." Sparks from soiking cwo pieces of flint together were also used to fire punk. All the fireplaces had an iron rod built into the chimney, usually made of wagon wheel ir<?n. Double pothooks (S shaped) were hung on this rod and meals were cooked in hanging pots. . ''When Mom cooked beans or anything hke that, she pm 'em on early in 1he mornin' and let them cook 'till noon or she'd cook boiled cabbage, lots of soup beans, or when she cooked pork or beef, she cooked ii in a three-gallon iron pot. That's what it took to do us for 1wo meals. "You had to have a fire, and that saved a lot of wood and more time. Stove wood had to be gonen in the mountains where it was dead and dry. Sometimes, owin' to how long you'd been livin' in a place, you'd have to go a puny good ways to get it. You'd drag it in 10 the woodyard with a horse, either on a sled or drag the whole tree, and 1hen chop it "Usually mother wanted dead locust hardest stuff in the world. You'd be three minutes before you'd get one stick off, and 1ha1 would get a stove or a fire really hot, burnt slow, and had a big coal with it, left coals in there. You'd get one good fire, and it'd cook a meal." The cook stove had a bread oven, but in the winter they often used a ponable, lidded. cast iron oven that could be put among the coals on the hcanh rock. They raked back the coals, se1 the oven down, and 1hen covered it with coals. The bread inside the oven cooked to a fine tum. "Mom could tell by the smell when it wns done. Now tha1 was good cornbread! Sometimes she made pone wheat bread, and I have eat some rye bread made that-a-way." Family life centered around the heanh. The room that housed it was called 1he ftrero0m (our present living room), and the mantle was called_the fireboard. It was generally the largest room in the house and held at least two big beds. Sickness was a real problem. since there was little medical help available. and it was not uncommon for a woman to be "sittin' under the (sick) baby" by the hearth all day. Toothache was trealed by putting hot ashes in a rag on the jaw to ease the pain. Smoke was blown in the car to soothe an earache. "Hit worked. Hit was jest something 10 git it warm, I guess. rve had it blow'd in mine many of a time when l was little. They'd jes1 puff it in their mouth, put their mouth right up close to your ear, and blow right slow. When they'd quit, you could see that liule curl of smoke comin' out" Colds were a menace; treatn)ent was simple. Water was boiled in a cast iron 1calceule and poured in10 a pan. Vicks salve was added and the person with the cold leaned over this with a quilt covering both the person and the pan. It worked magic! Babies and small children often had what they called croup. Ir was treated in much the same way. "Kids'd completely choke up and that was the only way they had to break it They'd jest quit breathin." A person with rheumatism clid wha1 they called "bakin' it" by putting a quilt on the hearth and scooting as close to the fire as the intense heat would allow, thus lcilling the pain. A baby animal, unfonunate enough to be born on a cold winter night or just rejected by its mother, was brought in by the hearth and hand fed. Wlnter, t 99 t -9Z �"We'd bring liule pigs in a lot of times, and lambs, and I have brought calves in by the heanh. I remember having baby pigs in a confined place close where they could keep wann when they would come unexpec1edly in the cold time. If they could ever get to suck a pig or lamb, you couldn't freeze it 10 dea1h. But a weakly pig, sometimes you'd have to bring it in and boule-feed it, or a weakly lamb that couldn't get up. Once you fed it a time or two, you bad a pet, and hit was a pest - a sheep or a pet pig is the biggest pest in the world. An old pig would trot after you all day long and squeal, and it not a bit hungry. You've heard the sayin' 'Aggravatin' as a pet pig' - that's whur that come from." Before the advent of kerosene lamps, the room was lit at night by bundles of small pieces of knots from black pitch pines. "They'd go into the mountains whur 1he old black pine had fell over and the wood rots out and leaves them pines a-layin' there. They'd take a 10w sack and gather a big sack full of knots, and they'd be about 1hree inches through." They wouW talce pieces a bit smaller than finger diameter, split them to length, and tie them in bundles "aboul what you could hold in your hand." Rawhide ties were placed at intervals down che 12 to 18 inch long bundles. When needed for light, a bundle was carefully secured in a hole among the chimney rocks and lit. As it burned down, a tie was removed and the next one down held the bundle together. Some people had what they called pitch holders which were made at a black:.mith shop. It, 100, was stuck back among the rocks in the chimney. Kerosene ushered in a new era wilh lamps and lanterns. In the beginning, many of the lamps had no globe and were made 10 be used with wool rags pushed down into the lamp, then covered with kerosene. A bit of the wool rag was pulled through the opening and lit, sucking up the kerosene as it burned. Lanterns soon replaced pitch torches for walking to church at nigh1, going 10 parties, or seeking a missing or sick animal on the mountain. Fire wa.~ used 10 make life easier in lots of ways. Down by the creek 1hey would have a 30-gallon iron keule hung from a rack a fool or foot and one -half above a fire. This was filled with water from the creek and clothes were boiled using homemade lye soap. If clothes were especially dirty, after boiling they would be taken to the creek and beaten on the rocks with a bauling stick. Dry wood was used for the fire, beech, sugar tree (maple), oak, "old apple tree made awful good fire," and the coveted dead locust. Ironing was made easier by starching clothes with a cooked solution made of flour and water. There were no ironing boards back 1hen, and ironing was done using a whi1c clo1h on the dining lable as an ironing surface. Fial irons were h1!.1tcd on the cooksiove, two at a time in order to switch when one got too cool. Most v.omen quilted, and ironing small pieced scams flat with a heavy Oar iron thai wa, often too hot or 100 cold was no easy task. Trying 10 follow a soap or chalk-marked quilting line in the light of a pitch pine bundle or a kerosene lantern was a challenge as well. And lhen...mcn's work. On the mountain farm, neither men's nor women's work was ever done. 1.i11,rcr, 199 1-92 On the evening before hog killing, the men dug a big hole and layered wood and big rocks in it. Very dry kindling was placed on top. About four o'clock the next morning, they would "lire that up, and them rocks would get hot, and we'd fill up a 60-gallon wooden barrel with water, and we'd lay that on an angle, kinda tilted, and we'd throw them big red hot rocks in there, and when you got it whur it would burn you, it was ready. "They would have the hog up on a scaffold and it would take three men to put it down in there and then they'd keep feeling 'till they could tell the hair was comin' off. Then they would tum it and get that side. Usually you scraped it afler you scalded it. They would tum it around and do the other end. You kept your fire agoin', and the water would be gitlin' some cold but not much, and you hung them on the scaffold then, and take the entrails out and hang them to drip, and then they'd git the next 'un. Kept your lire agoin' and kept the rocks hot all the time. Take the rocks out when the water got too cold and reheat them. Would have more rocks all ready 10 put in while the first ones was gettin' hot again." A special smoke house was used to smoke pork. A lire was built in either a hole dug in a dirt floor or smouldered in an iron pot. The meat was hung above this. "Jest let it smoke... had a place in the roof for the smoke to go out...smoked it auer it was cured with salt. Smoked it with hickory or mountain ash wood 'cause they wouldn't black none." Two survival-related uses for fire simply have to be mentioned here. Moonshine was an important source of cash for these mountain people, and fire was essential both for heating water and cooking mash. Another lucrative business was the cutting and sawing of wood. Sawmill boilers fired with wood made the steam that generated power for the big pulley wheel Belts ran from !here to the saw and made it possible to cut giant logs into lumber. M,010 lalcn 01 lhc home of C. E. Willwns 111 Rom Mount.tut. TN by Sort.a Wickcrr.hun There were for 100 many other uses for fire to recount them all, but one more important use was for agriculture. ~New ground" had to be cleared for a garden about every chrce ~ Everything was cut from as close 10 the ground as possible on rhree 10 four acres of land. The brush was put in a big pile, and the log~ were left for a big "log rollin'. "This was a git-together, jest one man a'helpin' another, have 10 or 12 men. They'd roll the logs and the women would cook. You've heard that expression "Jest like cookin' for a log rollin' ...that's what it was. Now they really cat!" The logs werc rolled into piles and set ablaze, burning sometimes four or five days. Once "Old Man" Wes Miller got impatient and decided 10 bum his logs by himself. He rolled the logs together and fired them. As they burned away in the middle, he pushed them closer together to encourage them to bum completely. While so doing, one big log suddenly rolled over and caught his left leg, jamming it tightly between two burning logs. No matter how hard he tried, he could not disengage his leg. His axe lay about a foot beyond his reach. He began clawing at the dirt until ftnally the axe slid toward him. Then he chopped off his leg, tore his overall pants leg into srrings, made a tourniquet, found a crooked stick which he used for a crutch and managed to get back home. "He hewed out a wooden leg for himself, the straight kind, peg-leg they called it. He was real young when this happened and he lived to be a healthy old man. He was a rough customer, he was. He could walk on the mountain even and talce care of his animals....They was tough, back then!'' Jim suddenly fell quiet, a gen1le giant of a man, his hand once again trailing Joe. Truly, they "was tough back then," and !hey still are. / �signify the arrival of the new year, the people would strip, bum their clothes, and then put on fresh garments to begin the new cycle. The mam purpose of that ceremony was 10 make the connection between all the people. The Ancient Red These are tire words ofa traditional Cherokee medicine person: Let me st.an at the beginning. This is what my grandfather told me. The 0:eator made the Eanh and all things, and then the Oeator set up the Jaws of nature to govern everything - so that the wolves wouldn't eat all the deer in one day, and so on. And the Creator set Grandmother Moon and Grandfather Sun in their places. The Sun was supposed to talce care of the humans. The Sun, being a bit arrogant., thought that some lesser being could talce care of such a petty species. So he sent the Fire to the Eanh to represent himself on the planet. The humans were to communicate to the Sun through the fire. The element ofFlfC is known as the A_ncient Red. Ancient Red always refers to Fsrc, although there arc several spiritual beings who are called by that name. The First Man on the planet, Kanati, became the spiritual essence of lightning and thunder so be is called Ancient Red because of that ' conn~tion. In the formulistic language there are different words for Fire that sigrufy Fi.re as Kanati, as lightning, as the wood fire, or as the Sun. The color red signified Fire and was also the symbol of Heaven. Our concept of Heaven is called the Sun La.nd, Beyond the Sun and it is in the East. Red is the color of the ~ t and it is also the symbol of success. When th~ warriors went to war, they painted red and black on their faces; red for victory and black for death. 1n all the medicine fonnulas, the Ancient Red is the most powerful being a medicine person can call. The translation of the word for medicine people is "the sacred fire bums inside of them." Hel_lt _was a prime element in doctoring. The med1cme people would rub their hands together rapidly before going to work to provoke that sacred fire that bums inside and move it into their hands so that they could transfer it to the patienL Some would heat mud daubers' nests and put them on their patients' bodies to cure them. Fire was brought into the sweat lodge in the heat of the stones for healing. Fire is for purification. A sacred pipe is purified over a fire. There arc several taboos about Fuc. People arc not to piss on a fire. Even if they arc up in the woods where there is no water close by, and they have st0mped out their campfire except for a few last coals, they should not piss on it to put it ouL One does not throw anything in the fire that is unclean. Cedar, rhododendron, and mountain laurel woods arc not lO be used as firewood; they are Xatuan )o"maL pQ(Je 16 thrown into a fire 10 change its personality. If rhododendron or mountain laurel are put on a fire when they are green, they scream when you throw them imo I.he fire. The old variety of sacred lObacco is also put into fires to change them. This used to be important to the native people, but to a great extent we have lost that, and it's sad. I have been to stomp dances in Oklahomn, and I have seen people showing remnants of that former attitude around the fire. It is rare to see that any more. Today there are people who piss in the fire or throw irash in it witho~t giving it ~ second thought. The most 1mponant thmg to remember is tha! FlfC ~s a living _ being - a living being with an ~ncredible appeme. You can be frightened of 11, or you can be respectful of it and at one with i~. It will_not harm you if you do not do anything foolish. But people have to recognize Fire as a living being. My grandfather told me that at the Kaniah village there was a sacred fire that was the central fire for the whole Cherokee nation. lt was kept alive with the sacred woods. The sacred woods were sourwood, hickory, cedar, locust, yellow pine, white oak and sweet birch. ' Cedar and sourwood trees, which are considered very sacred to the people, are both connected to the color red. Sourwood is the first red-leafed tree to change. The wood of the cedar has red in it The cedar does not grow in these mountains, but it is really av~able in Tennessee or southern Georgia, so in the old days people would just run over there to get it. Once a year, at the time of the Green Com Ceremony, all the fires in the whole Cherokee territory were all put out. The sacred fire at the mother village was then relit by a person who was designated as the firekeeper, and runners would take the fire 10 all the villages in the Cherokee nation. The old people used lO say that the flfC was the bond that kept the tribe together. It did not matter that the people were members of different clans and spoke different dialects: it did not mauer that we might have different enemies and different friends; the fire was the same. Wherever our village wll!>, we all cooked at the same fire and heated our lodges with the same fire. It was the fire that held us together. . The Green Com Ceremony marked the begmnmg of the new year. It was the tribe's most powerful ceremony. It was the bonding ceremony. When the fires were put out, the people forgave all the crimes of the past year and made resolutions for the next My grandfather said that, after the sacred fire was li~ and the runners were ready t0 leave for their villages, the people would do a special dance around the sacred fire. That dance had its own particular songs about the fire-lighting. To The Green Com Ceremony was celebrated when the first roasting ears of com became ripe enough to eat, sometime after the eighth or ninth of July. No one could eat the new com until then. In the last days before the ceremony, it was hard LO keep the kids out of the field. The adults used 10 satisfy the young ones by letting them eat the com worms, and the com smut off the ears. Com smut is delicious! They would take it before it got black, cut it up a.nd fry it. I understand that among the Mayan Indians only the emperors and the wealthy were allowed t0 eat com smut. The com worms are good too when they are fried. ' ' After the Green Com Ceremony, when the runne~ brought the fire to the villages, they took It to the council house at the center of the town. The grandfather of my ~n~ather told him about the ceremony at the hghung of the fire. One person did a spider dance and carried some smoldering embers in a clay pot to each of the four directions in the village because Spider had carried the FtrSt Fire in a clay pot which she made (see page 13). Then they returned to the town house, and the elder who was designated the firekeeper brought the fire to a blaze with the sacred woods. That fire was kept alive in the council house all year. Just as the One Sacred Ftre was the focal point for the nation and the fire in the lodge was the focal point for the family, so the fire in the council house was the focal point for the village. If a family's lodge flfC went out, they went lO the town house, and the firekeeper would light their fire, honoring all the taboos around it, because Fire was a sacred being. The fire in the council house stayed alive all Y:8'"· :nie _firekeeper was responsible for keepmg u gomg and then called it up with the seve~ sacred woods when they had council meeungs. James Timberlake, when he visited Attakullakulla's village. went to a meeting in the t?wn_ house. Although it was daylight outs1de, tt was dark inside the building, but he could see that the firekeeper had laid out short piece~ of dri~ river cane, one overlapping the next, m a spiral that stanc:d from the fire pit and moved out in a great circle. The elder who was the firckeeper started 10 chant a fonnula. and at the end of each verse he clapped his hands four times and rubbed them together. At that, I.he fire ignited, and the cane started burning. It seemed as though it was spontaneous. Timberlake was amazed. As one piece of the cane spiral burned up, the one overlapping it would catch fire, and the flame went around until the whole sprral was consumed. The people sat in a CIJ'Cle around the burning slivers of cane and used them for liiht during the meeting. Toe fire was also a nmer, because when it went out the council was over. . There was another com ceremony, but thlS one was done at planting time. 11 involved �Waiting; Under the Wing of a Dark Hill We are waiting to break every vow We have made. Hunting the butt-ends, Smoking them under the trees, Dra·wing closer to the lantern We read The razors In bloodKin eyes. We goin idle Search of him, Of the silver one Who is only a flash That crosses our path From time to time (But familiar like the amber And the spittle Or the shadow that falls on our dreams Eyes wide.) lighrning-srruck wood, which, if it was taken from a cree that survived the blast, had the Ancient Red in iL Before planting the com, a large group of women would dance around the cornfield, leaving a small group of women at each of 1he cardinal points. Each of these smaller groups would include an elder grandmother who had a big splinter of lightning-struck wood. When there was a group in each of the four comers, they sang a special song and rushed 10 the center of the field. Al the center of the field, they would plunge their lightning-struck wood into the earth, like lightning striking the ground. This was a powerful symbolic act. The lightning-struck wood represented Kanari, the First Man and also the lightning, and the women represented Selu, the First Woman and also the Com Mother. That was to make the com grow. 1 think it probably did. Com just grows beuer if the women plant it and do things like thaL Fire was of great spiritual imponance, but it was also the people's most powerful tool. Besides using it for basic cooking and heating, I told how ii was used for healing. It was also much involved in weapons-making. The people used fire in making blowguns and in flintknapping. To make arrowheads, they heated up the pieces of flint and then poured drops of cold water on them. And in the earliest days, before they knew flintknnpping, they would bum the ends of sticks and rub them to harden them. Outside the village, the people used controlled fires to bum away the leaves and woody debris around their town 10 protect it from wildfires. When clearing new fields they used fire 10 bring down the trees. They would girdle a tree, and after it was girdled and dried, three or four people working as a team would stan small fires at its base. They would just sit around and chat while the fires burned, from time 10 rime geuing up to chip away the charred wood with their axes, until the tree fell. Jn this way they would also bring down large poplar treeS 10 make their canoes. Once down, the log was also hollowed out with fire. After the riverbonom fields were cleared, the people would continue 10 bum them off every year co get rid of the cane. My grandfather's grandfather told him that he remembered the sounds of the cane crncking and exploding when they burned the fields. 1t sounded like an army - Boom! Boom! BOOM!! They would also bum the mountains 10 gel the chesrnu1s. They would set fires at the bonom of the mountain, and bum the leaves off all the way up 10 the top. h made it easier to get the chestnuts, easier to move around, and it enabled them 10 gather honey. Burning made hunting easier because it 100k away the brushy places in which the animals would hide. Burning the hillsides encouraged grass and sun-loving blueberries and huckleberries to grow up underneath, making better forage for the game animals. From my grandfather, I got the impression lha1 they burned the mountains every fall. I think 1ha1 to a bird flying over this area in the autumn 300 years ago, ii would look like the whole Cherokee territory was smoking. Fire was an imponant pan of the old# way of life. fr' We foam in the bowels We shit and quake at the light Of killing him. (If we could dare Or ferret him out, Tell him apart Prom us While we slept ... ) If we could find What we'd need, We'd cul his green throat, Dance on his green blood, And bury him beneath the sodden leaves (Bury him in the mud and lime Like us) We'd bury himOnly an inch or so Below the surface. Mile and miles From the black coal, And just as far From the Warm, Translucent SKY. David Earl Williams Orn ing by Rob Messick lolu1tcr, 1991-92 By God, We cast pale omens Into camp fire And breath them in. JCnti'mh )ounW J)QIJC 17 �MIDWINT POEMS BY JI MIDWINTER FIRES All branches bare Apple persimmon acorn chestnut hazel The peach gone December the dying month The cold sunken giving up of ghost By the fires your moon-heat wrestling spent harvest winds A knock Admit them Admit them Three keen-faced bulls hindquarters manly shaggy crouching bearing mistletoe and holly berry THE HOLLY Beads of blue Grieve not! The golden bough and holly sprig greet you! blood the air transfigures crimson A crown of thorny green YULE The sun does not die The earth tapers then savors Let's make a fire to cure poison its shine In the wood's gloom a blazing evergreen We'll smolder a log shoulder sorrows away in brass buckets of ash Luck will be ours The singing flint within us Embers glowing glowing �ER EFFERY BEAM EATING THE GOD Having been Ox and Shamrock Having been Queen and Peasant Having been Tern and Blow-fish This strange land takes me Restores my strength The land's fleshy length Such was our custom With jug and grain I by thanks am given SATURNALIA I left the place l was accustomed to COW-BORN DIONYSUS Here you are again Friend of the winnowing heart Back from your far journey I will help you work the lath and hoop to set the stars on an unbitter loop so your sacred frame will hang low and succulent like the eyes of new calves Where the rooster ignites and hails the sun You find me Agoat with a black beard Drawings By James Rhea Borders By la.son Tueller �..... LOGGER -VIOLENCE! •• ' • ' N"1Uril W«ld Newr ~ice On the morning of November 25 1991 Bruce Hare was in the Long Creek Ho~ Restaurant, the local cafe in the little town of Long Creek. Hare had grown up in Long Cre~k and presently owns the Chanooga Wh1tewater Shop that offers rafting trips down the nearby Chattooga River. And because he cares about his home and the river, Hare has also been filing appeals on timber sales offered by the US Forest Service (USFS) near Long Creek in the Sumter National Forest Hare is a former president of the South Carolina Forest Watch environmental group. Forest Watch has been very moderate in pushing forest management reforms, but the group had recently assisted the Georgia Forest Watch in filing several appeals in pans of the Chatrooga watershed that lay in the state of Georgia. This angem:l logging contractor J~s Smith, who also lived in Long Creek but did a lot of work across the state line in the Chattahoochee National Forest Smith came into the cafe with an employee, David Phillips, who has made no secret of his dislike of Hare and his work. Smith was believed to have participated in vandalizing Hare's business several months before. The two loggers came over 10 Hare's table, threw hot coffee in his face, tackled him and started to beat him mercilessly. They brok~ a wooden chair over Hare's back and one of the men held him while the other hit him repeatedly in the face. . "Keep this up, and we'll kill you," they said, refemng 10 Hare's environmental work. They also threatened by name Dr. Billy Campl?c:11 of Wesaninster, SC, a local general pracnnoner and Forest Watch member and :nan Roben Alexandei- of !labun County, GA, a member of the Georgia Forest Watch. They then walked out of the restaurant leaving several shocked witnesses and a battered Bruce Hare, who suffered multiple body bruises a face that was described as "a mass of brui~s " a di~located finger, a chipped tooth, and a ' spramed neck. The two assailants were later picked up by the sheriff's pan-ol and taken to the county detention center in Walhalla They appeared before Magistrate Becky Gerard on charges of aggravated assault and battery and were released on their own recognizance in lieu of $500 bail apiece. ~arc's i:esponse to his bearing is simply 10 conunue his work on behalf of the forest _"l hate 10 see this," he says. "lt's a neganve turn of events. It's like the irresistable force meeting the immovable object. They1I have to kill me to stop me, and I'm afraid that some of the loggers feel the same way. "We're not going to get any help from the couns or the government. It's a real world. ~hether it's Nicaragua or Ireland or right here, its a real world we live in." The reaction of the commercial media to the beating of Bruce Hare has been subdued even though the a~sailants made sure thm H:i:re knew lha1 this was an act of intimidation. The men who damaged Bruce Hare arc now loose on their own recognizance. The court's verdict on the seriousness of their actions will be a clear signal 10 environmentalislS and loggers alike as to how Xatuar, )ou1 not PClCJC 20 ·1-T-ENNESSEE·FIRES ' Narural World N._,, Sc,rvice Afl.C( lwo monlhs of unusually hght rainfall, the <bys 111 the end of lhe monlh of October, 1991 posed a great fire hazard. Wilh lhe rising of a dry wind. conditions became extreme. All it took was a match, and on the western slope of the mount.ains in the Cherokee National Forest. arsonists provided the matches on October 23. For the next lWO weeks approximately 40 wildfucs burned in lhc Cherokee scorching approximately 3.SOO acres of woodlands. The Roclcy Top area was severely burned by several fires, the biggest or which alone burned 1,700 acres. In Greene County, a fire in Polly Hollow burned over such precipitous terrain thnt firefightcrs had to Jet it bum for a full day before iL reached an accessible location where they could begin to fight iL That fire burned over no acres before it was contained. There was a 300 acre fire on Green Mowuain and 225 acres burned on LiuJe Pond Mountain, also in Gn,ene th~ po~ers-that-be view "greenie-bashing" in this region. Not all loggers are like Smith and Phillips, but as the national economy continues to come unglued, people become afraid. Non-violent environmentalists could become likely scapegoats for the social ills that are making some men angry and fearful Desperate men are dangerous. How are violence and intimidation to be de~? Are the couns up to the job? The reacaon to the aggravated assault on Bruce Hare bears careful watching. DISAPPEARING WETLANDS Narunl World News Scivloc Wlul do you do if o wetland area ge1.5 in lhe way of )'QUT bulldoze(! If you arc President George Bush~ ~. US Anny Corps of Engineers, you simply say it 1sn t there and keep on pushin'. The 1989 edition of the Wetlands Dt1l~ation Manual. used by lhe ColJ)s and I.he Envuonmental Protec~ ~g~y to~~ wcllands qualifying for protccuon LS be.Ing reviScd. However, the revisions are more political lhnn scientific. The proposals arc coming from the highest echelons of lhc Bush administration, and they speak more or lhe success of lobbyists for oil, gas. development, and agricultur31 interests than of any new breaklhroogh~ in scientific research. In practice, the change has already gone lhrough. ln the summer of 1991 the US Army Corps of EngillC.CIS was ordered to go back to using a four year old manual lhnt has less stnngcnt definitions for wellands lhan lhc current manual. "The '89 manual was lhough1 to be leaning a lillle too much toward lhe wetlands side." Roben Johnson of the Ashe vii le Corps or Engineers office told lhe Ashtvillt Ciliun -T~s. The chllngc in lhc rules will result in I.he lo.~ of 10 to 3~ of the wetlands in the country, according to the NauOlllll A ~ Society. ~ly, "it is already mnkmg ,;ome d1ffcrtnce," said Johnson. The Corps is a~vm_ mon: construcuon, filling, and dredging g proJCCts m rucas that previously V.'OUld ha,-e been COllSJdcred wetlands. Commcncs on the change in wcdands policy can be direcltd to: Grtgory Pt'dt. En,iron~nta/ Pro1ec1ion Agtncy County. The fue on Rocky Top seemed LO be the worst, wilh flames reaching six feet in heighL Some of the fires crowned, or burned into the tops of the trees, in stands of Virginia pine. There were no homes damaged or dcstr0yed, although there were seveml close calls. During the Rocky Top fire. firefightcrs at one paint abandoned one home to the fire, but because of a sudden drop in wind speed. they were able to retwn and save lhe dwelling. Where possible, bulldoi.crs coostructed fire lines cleared areas in front of which backfucs were set 10 ' consume fuel in I.he palh of the oncoming blllUl. However, 80 J)Cl'CClll of lhe lines were cleared by 20 person crews working 16 • and sometimes 24 • hour shifts to clear brush in rough rerrain. They were n:infon:ed by air tanker$ thnl flew overhead, dropping water-based chemical fll'C relal'dant on the b ~ Helicopters slinging large warer bucketS also cooled backfires lhal looked like they might jump their J;nc and patrolled the edges o( the fires, guiding !hem away rrom buildings and ~ lhat looked like potential hot Spots. Al10get11er, counting fu'Cligluers on lhe line and suppon personnel, more than 1,000 people fought the blazes. 401 MSt SIi' \Vashmgron, DC 2046() Ciuioon by Andrew l.A,hman ,.,inrcr, 1991 - 92 �- .-, -.s WASTES TO BURN USPS IS ARROGANT NUii World~ (TIDS IS f'liEWS?) Nounl World New An article in lhe Sunday, November 10 Kno:cvillt Ntws-Stntind reported lhat the US Department or Energy (DOE) 1w requested the Si:u.c or Tenncssc:c to accept ..tupments or mll!ed hat.ardous and radJoocu, e waste (o, bu ming at 00 R1dgc·s 'TSCA incinerator' (so called because 11 1,1as established under the Toxic Substance:$ Control Act). The TSCA 1nc1ncrator came up to full burn in April, 1991. J~is presently burning liquid wiutes stored in the mile-square K-25 building 81 the Oak Ridge Reserv:iuon. It is esumatcd lh:lt the facility w,11 be able 10 burn two million pounds or waste per year 81 great eitpcnsc ond great d:ingcr to the cnvironmcnL Within two yClll'S the mcincrnt.Or wiU be burning the solid wastes scored in K-25. The DOE ha~ permission 10 import wastes from their facilities at Fernald and Portsmouth, Ohio, and Padooih, Ken111Cky But the agcncy is oho asking to bring 111 7S truckloads or-te from the fac1h1y at Weldon Springs, Missouri as well, pleading that it should have been included in the original wa~te hauling COllll'OCL The Oak Ridge Enviroomcnlal and Peace Alliance (OREPA) is calling on Tcnncsscc governor Ned McWhcrter 10 lllkc a st,ong stance against acccptanee or ony addiuonal wa...ics over the contraeted amounL The DOE ha~ no comprehensive v,1aste management pl.an, and governors in Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, and Nevada have cited this lack in firmly forbidding was11: shipments into their Slates. OR EPA staff member Ralph Hu1cl11son says, "DOE's waste is Wee elccll'icity seek.mg 8 ground - 11 will 1alcc the palh of lc.ast resistance, and where it finds a ground, people will get burned." People all over the K.atuah Province would be affeclCd ,! Tcnncssce allowed extra loading al the TSCA lncincl'8tor. OREPA is calling on people throughout the region to write to: Go~r""' Ntd McWhtncr Stott Capitol Nashville, TN 37219 asking him to prohibit extta twardous and radioactive waste burnings in TcnlleSlitJC. It would also be an opponunity to ~11ggcs1 closing the TSCA mcincrator entlrely, to stop it Crom o;pewing toxic polluUIIJIS into the lllmOsphere. US 01,trict Judge G. Ross Andcrion, Jr. issued a temporary n:$tr.Uning order to 5IOp won in the long-dispui.:d Long Cn:cl umber 'wile m the Picuni. Ranger Disuict or Soulh Carolina's Su nter National Forest. In deciding on I SUit brought by South C.arolin3 Forest Wau:h. the judge berated the US Forest Scrvioc for its "unparalleled arrogance" in its handling of the su~tion. The agency cleru'ly hod been trying to avoid tails with the environmental group and had logging companies poised to begin cuumg. even though the cnse was sull m ooun. The sale gained w i ~ ottcntion when, m the spring of 1991, 1 protc~tcr who identified hu,uclf only &s "Forest B. Green" s!OJIPCd work on the logging project for five days by siu.ing in • tnle. At that lime the USFS was di.rcctcd to come up with a new environmental a.ssessmct1t 3nd discus:s 11 with the Forest Watch group. The USFS did come up with• new environment.al assessment· one which was complcl.Cly unaccepmble 10 Forest Watch - nnd then piclccd up the umber S31e cx.aclly where it had been lc!t off, directing the companies who had previously offered the low bm to begin cutting, meanwhile Slalling on meetings wilh the Forest Watch group. Thi., did IIOl lcnd credibility 10 the agency's environmcn ta! assessment in the eyes of either the Forest Watch group or the judge. The Gruntvi/le News qoOICd Judge Anderson as saying, "I get the impression your arrogance is unp81211eled. You jUSl don't care 10 "' down and talk. 10 anyone except yourselves.• "I'm noi imprc.<t'icd by a governmental agency_lh:11 lends IO forget who's paying its sata,y; the judge said later m the procccd1ngs. !~uatij: ~ USF11lg,ced., ~ihAia.... the s:ilc contraets 111d hold moctinil,' with FotcSI Walth manbcrs. They also agreed to notify Forest W81Ch 30 days before taking any action on the oralc, to prevent any olhct blitwitg Jogging raids and allow the group ample time 10 go to coan should they deem II ncccs.ury. CHEOAH SALE NAILED Nwnl "'\\tor U News Service More than 300 spikes wen: found embedded m ltt.cS slated 10 be cut as part of the Gra.~y Gap and W=a umber -.;iJcs 111 the Chooah Bald area the Nantahala National ~ On Scplember 23, 1991 or US Forest Service employees checked the urea arier receiving a leucr postmarked in Olarlotte announcing the !piking. Oieoah B.ald, formerly• 21,000 acre roadlcss area, ""'11.1111ack.cd quickly after being dtlistcd as a RARE n (Roadlcss Arca Rc.cnrch and Evaluation) ~ite and reduced to 7.000 roadies~ acres. It still is the !ariest unprolCClcd road~ are3 m the N:uuah:lla Nalional forest and on important link between the Great Smoky Mountains National Pan; and the surrounding fon:st areas. The Wildtrncss Society and the Siena Club lhis summer came to an agrccmcnt with the Forest Service th.It allowed timber cutting but no roodbuilding m the W=r and Gl"3liSy Gap s:ilcs. Chcoah District Ranger Glenn McConnell w:is qootcd in the A ,lttvil/t C11iun-Tunes &s saying. "I don't consider this (spiking) a protesl. This is terrorism." The cry was wen up by the newspaper 1L,;clf in its editorial column. The charge was mu because spikes can be dangerous to saw mill opcra1ors if they arc working without safety procecuon when a 5Pike is h11. Neithcl McConnell nor the newspaper unplic.iled umber mmagcrs or logging company owners ,,.ho order workers to continue cutting timber "31cs rcgasdless of the known risk or spikes. ANOTHER GE SUPERMESS N uni World N •.,, The EPA ha.~ recommended three locations in Henderson County, 1'C for a single federal Supetfund cleanup site - ~ith General Eloctric Corporation bemg identified as f'C.\'J)Oll'ible for the contaminauon. GE now has at least 48 Supcrrund sates to 11.S "credit" - more than any OU1Cr corporauon. GE opposes huing the lhroe locauons as a ~mgle site because, although the EPA ha~ found similar contamination by organic compounds, PCB, 1111d pcn:loroethylcnc (a su~I.Cd aircmogcn) 11 the various locations, GE m1111win, lh:ll the propcrues arc not connccl.Od and are underbid by SCIXll'3te bodies of ground water. The cost of the cleanup, which would be borne primanly by GE, has yet 10 be dtltrmincd since the extent of the contaminauon ,~ sun unclear. The EPA 1s "concerned about the potential for tong-term exposure; and recently asked GE 10 sign a consent agreement so cleanup or the site ll\JIY begin 1mmcdialcly, but so Car GE has n:fuscd to do so. Arca tCSldcnts have expressed concern lh:ll property values m the adJOining areas will plummet ii the site is placed on lhc National Prioritit.$ list. Wtntcr, l99l -92 !1RTlOt'1.R. L 'FO'.KFst.S Xawah Journot pa.c:,e 21 �Natural World News SPECIAL REPORT WHO WILL HAVE THE POWER? Winners and Losers in the War to Control the Utilities Industry At fm;r glance it looks like a dull and confusing ''battle of initials": the war over energy and the who, what. and why of its production that is being waged in Washington. If one says them aloud, the tenns FERC, PURPA, SEC, and IPP, (or how about EWG?) sound like body functions gone amok. Rather, they are the initials of agencies, processes, or classifications of electric power generating organi1.ations. We need to include these important abbreviations in the lexicon of our lives. Congressional baules or bureaucratic brouhahas in Washington sometimes seem 10 be far removed from Ka1uah, and yet they are of vital concern to us, because lhey often have dircot effects on our lives. This "battle of 1he initials" is no exception. rt is, quite literally. a mauer of power and light, Duke Power and Carolina Power and Ligh1 (CP&L) specifically. and how those two companies (among those that SCIVe our urea) have wound up on opposing sides in what appears 10 be a regulation dispute. Their split is indicative of a split in the power indusu:y. The battle is over whether or nor 10 change the Public Utility Holding Company Act (PU HCA) of 1935. CP&L feels threatened by the proposed changes; Duke feels that the new act will benefit them. Two years ago, Senator J. Benneu Johnston (D-LA), who chain; the Senate Energy and NaturnJ Resources Commincc, ed draf1 the Competitive Wholesale Electric Generation Act of 1989, which was designed, he said, "1 remove the obstacles to competitive 0 wholesale generation in the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935." This year, his "National Energy Security Act," and specifically its Title XV, "would open the energy generation market to a new form of independent power producer ([PP), called an 'exempt whole!>ale generator' (EWG). that would exclusively marker power io utilities and that would be free from regulatory constraints imposed by the 1935 act" according 10 Leonard S. Greenberger in the April 15, 1991, issue of the P11hfic Utilities Fnnnight/y. At the moment, Bcnneu's bill has suffered death by filibuster, done in by its ties 10 legislation which would have allowed drilling for oil and gas in the Arctic's Coastal Plains. But there is a similar bill in 1he I louse, and the Senate's Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Commiucc, which normally has jurisdiction over PUHCA, is thinking about redesigning the bill. President Bush's National Energy Strategy focuses on PUI !CA as well. It is clear that in 1992. PUHCA will undergo some changes. This bodes ill for citizens and rntcpayers. To under.;tand what is at stake in this ongoing debate, a brief history lesson is in order, The Wheeler-Rayburn Act of 1935. later 10 be called the Public Utilities Holding Company Act, was passed as pan of 1he New Deal legislation designed to break up trusts that exercised monopolies over many aspects of . Xntimh Joun!a ~ p n~c 22 ' ' 0 American life. Chief among these was the utilities industry. PUHCA was successful in making the utility companies more manageable by dismantling the layers of ownen;hip beneath which they hid their assets. The result, as James Cook describes in his Forbes anicle "Camel in the Tent," is thar although US u11Jirics continue to operate as monopolies in their distribution areas, they are no longer so large or powerful as those that existed prior to the Great Depression, and their prices are controlled by the PUHCA regulations. During the energy crisis of the I970's, there was anxiety about the availability of dependable energy supplies :ind our dependence on foreign sources of energy. As a result of these concerns, Congress passed th.: Public Utility Regulatory Policies Ac1 (PURPA) in 1978. The act encouraged anyone capable of producing energy 10 do so - using windmills, water power, solar power, or biomass. The inducement 10 create these al1ema1e energy sources was this: public utilities were obliged 10 purchase whatever energy was produced ac a price equivalent to the amount it cost them to produce it. If chese small energy producers or "qualifying facilities" (QFs) could produce power more cheaply than the utility's cost then the difference between the two prices was the size of their profit margin. lt was a good deal for small operators, particularly at a time when pettoleurn resources were uncertain and nuclear plants were receiving bad press and worse repon cards. fl was unwise to build new generating facilities when small QF's might appear on the scene 10 supply the increasing demands for power. Besides, the competition was viewed as healthy - so healthy that big business and even the utilities decided to try for a piece of the action. Enter the Independent Power Producer (IPP), a larger scale version of the QF. Some IPP's are owned by non-utility industries, others are run by utilities themselves. These IPP's generate power and sell it 10 utihues m the same way that the smaller QF's do, but with this difference: they are subject to regulation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under provisions of PUIICA. There are several reasons why this arrangement 1s accep1able 10 the utilities. First, il is attractive in the same way that the QF wns: i.e .. it allows the energy supply 10 expand 10 meet the public need without obliging the utilities 10 invest their own capillll. IPP's are also allowed to operate on higher debt ratios (80%, as opposed co 65% for utilities). Second, the 3JT:IJ\gcment is effective. IPP's now make up an estimated 12% of the nauon'li energy supply. Third, and most imponanlly, there is money 10 be made. Cook describes the profit motivation this way: "Because there is no regulatory limit on their returns. the independent power producers have plenty of incentive 10 cut costs anywhere they can. For an independent producer. a penny saved is a penny earned. For a regulated utility, a penny saved over the allowed rate of return risks being returned to the consumers in lower rates." The present attempt at limiting PUHCA, Senator Johnston's National Security Act of 199 I, proposes to create a new type of !PP called an Exempt Wholesale Generator (EWG) that would fall out.~ide PUHCA's scrutiny. As Leonard Greenberger put it in an anicle in Public Utilities Fortnightly in March, 1991: "Anyone could own an EWG. including today's registered and non-registered holding companies. Facilities now under construction could only become EWG's with slllte approval, while affilitatcs of registered holding companies already in existence would need a green ligh1 from the SEC." n ,e new ruling would point the power companies back toward the days before PUI fCA regulation when the energy industry was a maze of holding companies and subsidiaries - a confusing tangle in which ii was often easy to conceal hidden profits and diffuse accountability. Power purchased from EWG's would be sold to consumers at a price regulated by the state utilities commissions, or by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission if the power crossed state lines. But any profits realized from the economical generation of power by these EWG's would go back 10 the EWG or 10 the utility company that owned 1he EWG. Savings would not have to be handed back to the consumer. While it was totally predictable that the public consumers would be the last to enjoy any benefit from this shift, there are also some utilities that are skeprical about the impending change - thus the squabble between CP&L and Duke Power. Spea.kjng for utilities like CP&L, Don D. Jordan of Houston Lighting and Power states: "Tampering with the highly evolved and complicated s1ruc1urc of our nation's electric industry is nothing shon of imperiling the security nnd reliability of a vital part of the nation's economy. The real test of reliability is whether the power will be there when ii is needed." So they say. But the real issue for CP&L is the balance of power within the industry. Some of the uLilities. like Duke Power, have been ambitious and aggressive, acting more like Fortune 500 corporations than service organizations. Other:;, like CP&L, do no1 share Duke's appe1i1e for unmitigated competition. They have relied more on the legal structure that protected their 1erri10ry and their status as regulated monopolies. They are afraid of being carved up and eaten alive. They fear that bit by bit their territory and functions will be taken over by EWG's that are subsidiaries of companies like Duke. Another area of concern for this group of utilities is the access 1ha1 EWG's will enjoy to 1he utilities' transmission lines. They fear that the EWG's. should they be able 10 gain access 10 the public utility transmission lines and use l,lmtc r 191Jl-92 �-··"'JI energy that developed after the war. The public, mindful of the burning oil fields in Kuwait, will be willing 10 embrace Johnston's new bill, the National Energy Security Act. because it promises to create new supplies of energy - a comforting notion 10 consumers v.ho witnessed mass quantities of pett0leum energy going irretrievably up in smoke. And it wa:; definitely unsexy 10 join Jimmy Caner in turning down the thermostat 11nd wearing a wool sweater in the house. The Gulf War may ultimately prove 10 be our undoing - abroad and at home. Veronica Nichnlas was formerly a cmuiry commissioner in Jackson Counry, NC. For ten years she lias dnne bartk with the Nantal,ola Power and Ugh1 Company,fim 10 keep in 1he moun1ai,is 1he henefils ofpower generated from 11wU11111in lakes, and 1hen oi·er I~ siting of a high-w,_lrage power line 1hro~1gh ~ Transyl\·0J11a and Jackson Counnes r.' NWN (con1111uedfro,n par, 21) RATILERSENDANGERED N:ll\lnl World New, Sc,..ice In Scpccmbcr, 1991 I.he Biodiversity Legat Foundauon or Bouldct, CO and IC$Cal'Cher Andrew Wci.~burd fonnally pctilioocd the US F"ISh and Wildlife Sernce 10 list the timber raulesn:ike (Crota!ILJ horr,diu} 3li .i tndangcrod ,;pccics unde1 the Endangered Species Act . them as they liked, would choose to do business with only the most profitable customers and leave the utilities with a base of high-cost residential customers and small business customers. On the other side of the issue is Duke Power, the leader of the coalition of utilities advocating changes in the PUHCA and a company anxious to gain a share of the EWG business. In the withdrawal of PUHCA oversight that the Johnston bill seeks, Duke can expect a return to the good old days of monopoly before the Great Depression when the trusts were fTce to work their will. They are looking for the day when once again "big fish eat little fish." Whatever the tum of events, we, the rate-payers, will be the losers. Marie N. Cooper, director of research for the Consumer redcration of ArncriC3 put it this way: "Captive consumers bear all the risks of deregulatory schemes (like Senator Johnston's) that say 'let the market work and see what happens' because they (consumers) arc the weakest actors in the market. If the market does not work, it is the residential consumer who pays." So, no matter what changes come to PUHCA, the consumer stands to lose, because utilities, no matter which side they choose in the PUHCA debate, fail to understand that the real key to their profitability lies not in mcreascd production but in conservation. For instance, in 1989 the 1ocassee Wlnter, 1991-92 Watershed Coalition was organized to prevent Duke from building a pumped storage .station in the Coley Creek basin of South Carolina. According to Bill Thomas. co-chair of the group, "When we looked into the proposed project, we rcali1.cd that energy efficiency was an even bigger issue than Coley Creek itself." The coalition hired the Energy Systems Research Group of Boston to analyze conservauon and mnnagc:ment programs that could help reduce energy demands on Duke. This investigation showed ulrimatcly that the replacement of all the lightbulbs in the service area with energy-efficient models could save as much energy as the Coley Creek project would produce - at about one-third the cost If this is so. then the question is, "Why arc the utilities persisting in their plans 10 create more energy projects instead of pursuing conservation tactics?" The answer to this question is nor very difficult when one remembers that it is the US Department of Energy (the same people who brought us Oak Ridge, TN and Rocky Flats, Colorado), that is making the judgments about our future energy needs. With this in mind, it is easier 10 understand why utility companies behave the way they do and why they fail to realize that conservation can spell profitability. We can understand even more clearly if we put the expected PUHCA reforms in the context of the Persian Gulf War. Energy legislation has become sexy, in the wake of the heightened national consciousness about Orawina by Rob Mcssidi: The timber raider once ranged from Minnesota to Texas. from the Atlanlic C01$1 wes1 to the urpc1 reaches oC the MJssoun Riva. It occurred in brgc number.; throughou1 the woodlands th:n once covcrod the whole or eastern Turlle Island. Raum play an imponant p.111 in the forest ecology, feeding prinwily on ~mall rodcms. and young rauJcsnakes thcmsel,ea being prey to hawks and owb. The timber ratllcr was Utsa'nori in the liinguage or the Cherokee Indian!!, who con~idctcd the aea!ul'c a "grandfaihcr," or spintually powct(ul being. M.iny of the naovc tnbcs coosiJcr the umber l'IIUla the guardian or the Earth's sacred place$. The species was once so common that the nauvc people s:ud that it ~ put oo Earth to rem ind the humans 10 wau:h wbcsc they 51ep. The lllllbcr rawer IS cxrn:mcly scns1bve to human di sturbmcc and Cll'IDOt Ii vc rn I.be pro~un1ty of human beings. The budding of roads and ORV traib into previously isolaled snaJce h.lb1tat areas, incn:asing resort and !ICCOlld home devclopmenr. commc:n:ial snake hunung. I.he clearing ol bouomland forests for agric:ulrure. and d11cet persecution ol timber nullen by human beings in informal or govcrnmenl-sancboncd raulcsn:lkc hunts and roWldups 1w caused the near-dclnise or the species. Tocby thcrc are on1 y a handful ol kx:atiom "'here I.he bmbcr raulcsnake exists in numbers that arc sufficient to aUow the species to SUtVivc. Most of these critical sites have inadequate pro4«uon. Many other popul3lions arc II a point where lddi6onal persecution wall ~ult in ciu.irplllOO.~. In the SOlllhcm Applllachllll\S, wnber raulets-,: n:stnctcd to the mos1 rugged and rcmoet locauons. The F"I.Sb and Wildlife Service IS cxpccled 10 n:tum a finding on the Biodivasity Lep1 Found:u1011 pcbtion 'l0fflcumc in December. For addition.al 1nformation, contact Jasper Carlton or the BiodivcrsiLy Lcpl Foonda1ion: Box 18327; Bouldct, CO 80308 (303) 491).@9I. (conllmll!d on paac 32) �r LITMUS LICHENS The pages of Karuah Journal have reponed eittensively on a well-known indicator species known as the Black Bear. The health and well-being of Ibis large mammal has been shown to reflec1 that of the mountain bioregion we inhabit. I recently came across an article in the November 1991 issue of Discover magazine lhat brought to light another form of life that directly reflects, or indicates, the condition of a crucial clement of any bioregion; namely the air. This form of life is called Lichens, of which there arc over 20,000 species worldwide. The article by Edwin Kies1er Jr. poimed 001 tha1 lichens have no roots. They collect all their water and food from the air. Through their life processes they also absorb wha1ever contaminants are in the air. Unselective caters that they arc, they can soak up carbon dioxide, sulfur dioitide, heavy metals, radiation, and dust Lichens can hold on to lhese chemical and radioactive contaminan1s even if i1 kills them. Yct every form of lichen is not susceptible to 1he same pollu1an1s. There is a spectrum of sensitivity lha1 can be drawn for each lichen species, and among lichen species in an ccosys1em, wilh regard to accumulations of different contaminants. For instance, some varieties can tolerate relatively high concentrations of sulfur, while it may only sicken some and kill others. By using this kind of grading system of the known tolerances of different species of lichen to various contaminants, scientists can make a record of a region's air quality over time. Pollution sources can be uaced by plotting prevailing wind patterns for ao area and noting whether the species of lichen that arc sensitive to a given pollutant arc cl3maged or not. This sensirivity of lichen hos been used in European countries to study the paths of aunospheric contaminants. Lichenological studies are just beginning in the United States and Canada, yet there arc some telling eumples emerging from work I.hat has been done so far. In the Cuyahoga Valley in Ohio greater than 80% of lichen species have disappeared since they were tracked by naturalists I00 years ago. In the valley called the Delaware Water Gap between Pennsylvania and nonhcrn New Jersey, 60% of Lichen species that have been recorded there in the last century have perished due 10 the effluvia of nonhcrn industrial cities. Lichens arc actually a composite of two different organisms known as fungus and algae. The united organisms fonn a mesh called a thallus in which a fungus threads itself around algal cells and enclose them. The algal panicipam provides sugars through photosynthesis which the fungus uses in making its own nutrients. The fungal participant in turn gathers moisture and minerals from the air that arc used by the algal cells. One way 10 describe this symbiotic relationship would be to say that the alga and fungus arc eating from each other, only they do not cat each other fast enough or in such a way I.hat the whole organism tenninatcs. Lichens are found in nearly every Xoti«lrl Joun~ j~~c 24' continental ecosystem on the planet. from underneath the cover of ice and snow in An1aretiea, to tundra, temperate forest zones, and dcsens. They cling to stone statues, rocks, and trees in the apparent shapes of shrubs, disks, hair, and even as dashes of brightly colored ink. Some of them can live more 1han 4,000 years - think about lha1 next rime you start up one of those sulfur-spewing devices! Lichens can provide a way of monitoring the potcnriaJ for ecological damage due 10 air-borne pollutants I.hat is far cheaper ch.an using electrical gauges. Electrical gauges can be spread out in a given area and linked by computer 10 indicate when cenain pollutants pass a safe level. However, the costs in staff' and equipment are prohibitive 10 their widespread use. A scientist studying lichen can collect samples from specific sites and do tests to find ow what contaminants arc present and in what concentrations. These lichenologists can also transport specific lichens, on logs for instance, from less contaminated sites to more contaminated sites to monitor air quality. One method of testing lhc chemical composition of lichen is 10 heat it in a furnace until it convens into gaseous oxide forms. From there this gas can be piped into a detector to read its chemical signatures. Another method involves plasma atomic emission specttometry in which the lichens are liquified with an acid and injected into a plasma (or hot ionized gas). This process gets the chemical elements to emit distinctive waves of energy that can be identified on a specttomcter. This method can record over a dozen different chemical elements in lichens. When lichen dies it means that it:. chlorophyll has been destroyed, and ii usunlly turns white. Yet it is now possible for rates of photosynthesis in the algal cells of lichen 10 be measured for damage long before the lichen turns visibly white. This has been discovered in work done by Thomas Nash from Arizona State University. He has discovered that in Drawing by Rob Messick Los Angeles one major reason why a species of lichen known as Rama/itl(J menziesii has died out is that the lichen absorbs nitrates from car exhaust which impairs its ability 10 perform photosynthesis. Human beings have used lichens for dyes, as in the tweeds of Scotland, and the Chinese have used a fonn of "old man's beard"' lichen as an antibiotic. One of the most well-known uses of lichen can be found in a species called "cudbear". This lichen produces the chemical erythrolimum which is used to make lianus paper turn blue or red in the presence of alkalies or acids. Their "liunus" use now appears to be eitpanding to include bio-geogmphical air quality testing. Some kinds of lichen arc even edible; but they have a bitter taste (which may not mauer 10 you if you were starving in the forest but for most folks it isn't anything of a delicacy). Some deer routinely cat cenain species oflichen. This proved particularly dangerous in Finland, Norway, and Sweden, as cesium 137 from the Chernobyl nuclear accident drifted into the food chain there entering via lichens and passing on through the deer and on to people. The return of heallhy lichen 10 an area, however, will be a ~ harbinger of clean airs to come. Rob Messick FLAMES The: spuit, its passion. desiring imcns,ty, WM!ing to feel the heat, longing to iouch, to caress the creative spark The same heat tha1 wanns the garden soil, opens the rlIC pine to birth. and runs down the largest hem lock scarring its majesty. this now, is the: force you wish to call your own With cnch step the d::inger intre3SCS, with each movement towards lllere 1., no lhought of turning back, or deny mg the allunng pull. Own the flames • Ille only wny through Plunging inio the inferno The pyre now asscns dominion Thal long ago lhough1 of harnessing Her power now seems ridieulous, The: flames rise. the flesh scrcams 0111. each cell bums as on ember Tum back, hurry before all is destroyed. No! D:lre 10 face Hu, IOUCh Her, become Her, A gasp, a sigh. a surrender, you are Home LyMFink Wlnter, 1991-92 �READING THE INNER TREE by Charloue Homsher There are many ways to get visual clues from the inner 1ree, 10 recognize which trees are more powerful or have a special function in the area. Age and beauty are detennining factors, but not the only ones. Last summer I hiked the Shanry Spring Trail on Gmndfa1her Mountain with a group that included two women who "read" trees in very different ways. The Shanty Spring Trail is a very old Indian trail. The treeS there seem particularly lively and aware. as though they have been observing humans for eons. When we crune 10 a large red oak with long branches hanging over the trail and roots growing into the path, one of 1he tree readers exclaimed excitedly that we had arrived at a gateway tree. She described gateway trees as guardians of an area and enirance gates to the mysteries of a specific trail. The second woman hesitated, remarking that it was indeed a powerful tree but that she saw sad faces in the bark. We examined 1he red oak and found symptoms of disease under the bark. The tree was indeed in severe distress, and it was probably dying. Farther up the trail, the woman who had recognized the gateway tree pointed out another oak which she identified as being the elf throne. The seat of the throne was a large, flat rock which was auached to the tree and supponed by the limbs. This tree reader's primary way of seeing rrces is to recognize their function in the devic kingdom. We found the queen's throne nearby and also the large auached rock garden which was supposedly the fairy queen's nursery. This mammoth rock was covered with dainty, miniature flowers and a variety of well-tended mosses and fems. Between two layers of the rock was a delicate crystalline outcropping. The gardener in question would be a nature spirit or one of the Huie people. Interestingly, there was a side path from the trail all around this rock, made by the many hikers who have been intuitively drawn to that special garden. My methods of reading trees visually have changed over the years. One of the most profound changes in sight and attitude was after a brief encounter I had with an old man who had studied various esoteric traditions. He had offered to teach me a new way 10 see. I did not have the foggiest idea what he was talking about at the time. I was a college student taking art classes and I defined the visuaJ world with aesthetic j~dgments. His idea was that any kind of value judgment was a limited way of seeing, and that the only way to see beyond the outer form was to look at an object with no preconceived notions about what it should or should not be. We spent the afternoon in the school cafeteria practicing the technique with coffee cups. By applying this technique to narure I learned to see in a deeper way. but I was not entirely successful. Like most people. if I describe a tree poetically, it is in anthropomorphic terms, which. of itself i_s :1 value judgment - actually species chauv1m~m. Probably the tree reader who recogmzed ~es as fairy thrones is closer 10 the truth of seerng the inner tree, since she is able to see the tree as having a function completely outside the similarities 10 human existence. The best I have done as a purely visual kind of intuition is to l'1mtcr, 19!11 -92 Drawing by Rob Mcniel recognize that trees do have individual personalities which may have something 10 do with the growth pattern. I can sometimes sense a tree's power, calmness. or distress. But it is still the visual judgments which give me the quickest and sharpest clues. This way of seeing or judging a tree is based on outward fonn. almost like classifying body types. The Tanaic yogis in India still worship at holy shrines inside pipal trees which have cavernous openings reminiscent of the womb. These huge trees are supposed 10 contain more of the Shakti energy or female creative energy. The yogis also consid~r trees_ sacr~d whic~ have female-like crevices or in which the hmbs, burls or bark have grown 10 look like the female torso. These are called the female yoni trees. Determining the sex of a tree this way is purely visual and has nothing to do with the botanical function. There are trees which are divided in10 male and female. Among these are 1he ginkgo, Kentucky coffeetree, and holly. I see a lot of yoni trees. l think that they are the teacher trees of our time. The male equivalent of the yoni tree in the mountains would be the giant hemlock trees. The hemlocks are the sentinels of the woods. They are like the antennae of the Eanh. They take the cosmic energy and shoot it into the Eanh. thus energizing the whole area around which they grow. There are guardian trees, gateways, teachers, grandparent trees, and trees in which spiritS or fairy people live. Trees also have . relationships to each other. The natlll1!1 world 1s an organic whole, and the larger the p1ct11n: we can encompass, the greater our understanding. l don't think anthropomorphic clues cnn tell us everything, yet using them is a valid way (O observe the inner tree. If trees nre the scnucnt, aware beings that I suspect they are. then they are quite cognizant of the crutches that we need. They communicate with us, via a crude sign language. They give us clues by the shape of the trunk, faces in the bark. by 1he mushrooms or rocks that have become a pan of the tree, the animals that live inside 1he trunk or on the branches, or any other obvious signs which we can learn by observation. ~ WHERE THE RA VE!\S ROOST: Cherokee Traditional Songs of Walker Calhoun Will West Long was a well-known craftsperson and spiritual leader of the Cherokee tribe in the first half of this century. He knew the old tribal traditions were dying and worked to keep them. He passed much infomuuion on to c1hnologis1 Jnmes Mooney and also taught his family and other tribal members who garhered at his home in Big Cove on the Cherokee Indian Reservation. One of those he taught was his nephew Walker Calhoun. Walker remembers tr.tiling along after the dancers at the community Ceremonial Ground 50 years ago. Walker, too, saw that the dances and songs were in danger of disappearing, and several years ago he, as his uncle had done before, resolved 10 see that they were carried on. Walk.er (as he told us in the las, issue of the Katualr Journal) has revived the Green Com Ceremony and the monthly stomp dances at the Raven Rock Nighthawk Ceremonial Ground. He is teaching the traditional social dances to a group of young people. among them several of his 23 grandchildren. who perform as the Raven Rock Dancers. At the first great convocation of the Eastern and Western Bands of the Cherokee nation at Red Clay, TN in 1988, Walker was presented with the first Sequoyah A ward for his service 10 his people. ln 1990 Walker was a recipient of the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award. As part of his restoration effort, Walker has recorded a tape of traditional songs (with two Chrisrian spirituals as well) for the . Mountain Heritage Center of Western Carolina University. The tape contains several of the best-known Cherokee dance songs, as well as short commentaries on the songs and the stories and practices that surrounded them. These are undeniably authentic - unbroken traditions that extend many generations back into the human history of this region. An explanatory bookie~ with an introduction an~ a complete transcripuon of the songs and stones acoompanies the tape. Jn Where the Ravens Roosr, Walker Calhoun has given us an irreplaceable gift: a glimpse at the native inhabitantS' a:ibal past and an inspiration for 1he community of the future. Where the Ravens Roostfear11resflure music composed and played by Eddie Bushylread. Tire rape was rec~rded_ and edited /Jy Michael Kli11e. Sou11d engmuring /Jy Kevin FirzParrick For a copy, send S/0.00 plus $/ .00 shipping and J,andlillg to the Mo_untain_ . Herilage Center; Wesrem Caro/ma Unn·er.nry; Cullowhee, NC 28723. X.Otunh Jou.nm{. p<l{)e 25 �; ........ w .,.,.. ., , ~ ,.11 I x ·· AROUND THE FIRE Wood Selection and Firemaking by Lee Barnes Green SpiritS gift humankind with the captured warmth of sunshine, providing fuels for warmth, cooking, and the luxury or campfire stories. Campfires act as a center for our human activity, a focus forlanguage development. socialization, and srory-tclling (oral histories). Having spcn1 years backpacking and building campfires, I offer the following suggestions for reducing your impact on the forest First, carry a one-burner camp-stove for cooking - a stove will quickly provide hot foods without depicting the local area of slowly accumulated firewoods. If you must make fire, keep it small and efficient. Tfind most novice campers insist on a campfire, even in summer, suggesting that campfires wann our deeper selves. Large campfires arc wasteful of Green Spirits, releasing years of harvested sunshine in seconds. Burning plant cells robs lhc local canh of recycled nutrients and organic bulk which would otherwise result in improved topsoil tcxrurc and nuoient holding ability. In respect to Green SpiritS, try to keep fires 10 a minimum for your needs - build small campfires which provide light and steady heat; use them for as short a time as possible. While backpacking during a hurricane, and prior tO carrying a camp-stove, I learned how to find dry woods for campfires. Sufficient dry wood for small personal campfires can be found after even a week of hard rains. Wood collection begins with lhe gathering of dry tinder, and sufficieni dead and dry tree limbs. Gather "squaw-wood" (historically named for woods easily collected and broken by squaws) from young trees, especially lower dead branches of hemlock, laurel, birch-bark:. and "lighter wood" (the "fat-wood" of resinous pine and many evergreens). Laurel (Kalmia /01ifolia) produces poisonous fumes and should not be used as a primary fuel source for cooking. The best tinder-woods are the resinous conifers (pine, fir, spruce, hemlock) or the easily-peeled birch barks. Collec1 only woods which snap cleanly in two. Throw back any woods which bend or twist. I find that I can scout the camping area and find sufficient dry wood for cooking and campfires without carrying a saw or axe. Select dry branches which can be easily broken over your knee or by elevating one end on a log or stone, then stomping oo the them to yield firewood of uniform length. I generally look for dead branches which arc supported off the ground. Search the low branches overhead for wind-fall branches and for small dead trees. Ct's easiest to look for wood on the high ground around the camp since i1 is easier to drag an armful of branches down to camp rather than up! Look for a variety of small to IMget" sized dead bnmchcs, seeking a larger supply of branches in the 1/2-to- 4" diameter size. In camp, sort your woods by breaking the smallest twigs into uniform lengths. A large handful of the smallest twigs (1/8-1/4 " in diameter and 5-6" long) should be sufficient. Xotiiah Journot p!UJ& 26 Break I.he remaining branches into longer, say, 12-20 inch lengths. I find it easiest to progress with the smaller branches, breaking up the same diameter branches into similar lengths. Th.is process should result in several piles of uniform sized twigs which will make adding fuel to the fire easy and efficient. Avoid collecting much "spit-fire" woods which randomly "pop" and eject chunks of burning coals. These woods are great as small tinder, since they rapidly bum and ignite larger diameter branches. "Spit-fire" woods to be avoided include juniper (red cedar), hemlock, fir, spruce, sassafras. soft pines, sugar maple, beech, and hickory. Overall, the best fuel woods for campfires arc hickory, chestnut oak, black locust, dogwood, and ash. White ash is considered one of the bes1 woods for campers, since even the green wood catches fire easily. Tulip poplar is abundant in Ka1uah Province, but bums quickly without developing any long-heating coals. Horace Kephan, a well-published authority on camping and woodcraft, suggests a rule of thumb: "Avoid drift-wood accumulated along stream banks, since most of the timber which grows along streams are softwoods." Small teepee-shaped piles of tinder arc easily ignited. Once a small blaze is going, add 10 the it from the pre-sorted piles of dry branches nearby. These near-vertical piles bum quickly and provide maximum light. Build your fires between 1wo rows of stones which arc open on the windward and downwind sides to allow better airflow. Staek additional wood on the downwind side for better burning. Once a good base of coo.ls have developed, lay larger branches more horii.ontally over the coals, allowing good air-spaces between branches. Push the remaining unburnt ends of branches into the fire so that all woods arc burnt and only ashes remain. Before you leave your campsite, remove lhe stones and spread (or bury) the cold ashes so that there is no sign of your passing. Leave nolhing but footprints ! Firewoods for modem stoves vary greatly in their heat-values, both for absolute stored energy and lasting heat. Air-dried hardwoods average 5,800 British thermal unitS (BTU's) per pound, whereby it is estimated Drawings by Rob Mc.sick that 10,000 BTIJ's are required to heat water for an average sized load of laundry. The NC Division of Forest Resources provides estimates comparing energy equivalentS for a standard cord of wood (a cord of wood is defined as a stack of wood 4x4x8 feet or about 80 cubic feet of solid wood). Based oo laboratory derived values for heating values of wood, a cord of wood is roughly equivalent to a ton of bituminous coal or 5900 kilowatts of electricity or 143 gallons of#2 heating oil. Preferred woods include hickory. oak, and locust. Avoid softwoods such as pine. A modem wood stove avernges 50% efficiency whereas burning wood in an open fireplace is only 10% efficient. Home-grown fuel and fiber sources are critical for the independence of au1onomous bioregions. Homesteaders have estimated that 10 acres of Eastem Atlantic mixed deciduous forest should be sufficient 10 provide for the sustainable heating needs of an average household. Sustainable fanns must promote the production of renewable, locally produced fuel resources, such as fast growing legumes and other nitrogen-fixing trees planted as windbreaks and hedges. The first step to minimize your impact on the forest is to build small, energy-efficient homes. It is imponant to the survival of humans and our plant allies that we no1 waste their wooden gifts. 12th Song of Venta the Naturalist beneath the polished blue stone of sky and suffering its ancient oppression with ancestral stoicism i slowly finger my rugged beard and question the grass and ils idle greening no major answers were given; and no miracle of nanue rolled forth on the lawn 10 bury my soul beneath mystical rebuttals about unreachable conclusions. beneath the polished blue stone of sky and recognizing its ubiquitou.~ face as a fellow freak of fate macerated for lack of knowledge on a planet where blue and intelligent things die. bray mcdona/d t.,iotcr. 1991-92 �grabbing my old box guiiar and headmg mlO lhc forest so nature and I could trade our songs with each ocher. Nawre's songs arc far mo~ beautiful and comforting, bul lhe Grea1 Gn1ndfalhcr spirit knows my healt. and my small songs are acceptable. Often I leave the guitar al home, so i1's one on one. I lhough1 you mighl wan1 to consider this (which is a form of worship lO me) os a possible iopic of di51cussion. Keep up the faithful work, and Mr. Messick. !hank you for the inspired and inspiring DRUMMING LETTE RS TO KATUAH anwork. Ught, Love, &. Life, Jeff Zachary Deru- Ko1uah Family, This pan of Turtle Island cnlled home is the ecoione of Kaulah and the Cumberland Green Bioregions. The divide is here on lhe IOp of the Cumberland Plaleau. We arc fanning a community whose drainage goes inlO Kauiah Province. My wife Joan and I have stayed in lOUCh with both regions for a long lime. Ka1uah is home lO us. The people, plllces, and energies arc alive and connected. I have passed on many copies of your joumal over the yea.rs as I have promoted the nelwork.ing of kindled spirilS. Keep up the grtal work. Receiving lhe journal is always an exciting evenL You do more than you n:aliu, and J wanted you 10 know thru your voice is heard far and wide. We feel lhal we call Kau1nh home even though we rcsl on the far weslem edge. I wanted you 10 know that we are with you. Bravol Namasie, SanfOtd McGee Tkfollowing is e.xu rpttdfrqm o longer ltllu. Dear Fncnds • Five years ago, K01uah Journol published an anicle on the CenlCt for Awakening, described as a plllcc where people can "consciously live and consciously die." llS purpose was 10 provide termin!llly ill people with the suppon they needed lO make the tranSition inlO The Medilltion project has the mission or "peaceful conflict resolution." HSE rccognius Ihm mediation has a greater chance o( achieving hnnnony than docs litigation. There arc no J)(lid employees a1 HSA. There are no fees for clicnl scrvtCCS. The Boord members each votun10er more than 50 hours a month, and not a single Board member has missed any or the Board meetings since HSA came inlo being. Volun!UtS are welcome regardless of their experience level. HSA makes il easy for people with children lO volun1ocr. Janice Ayers, a long-time volumccr, says, "By volun1eering with your children, you can teach them how 10 care about others." If a volunteer shows an interest m a particular area, he or she is lralned 10 be effective in lhal a,ca. Room and boaro are provided, and the volunLCCrs come away with a sense of being part of something grealer lhan themselves, of having given sorn cthing back lO life. The spark which embodies this service organization has resulted in HSA's recognition by Prcsidcnl Bush as one of the Thousand PoinlS or LighL To see this sprutc continue lO grow, Board members would be glad lo help others SUIJt their own facilities lO serve humankind. dcalh. The spa,k behind the Ccnw for Awakening has continued 10 grow inlO a sicady. burning rue. through five years of tranSfonnation, lO wha1 is now called Human Service Alliance (HSA). HSA is now localed between Greensboro and Winsum-Salem, easily accessible from lnterslate 40 and available lO an expanded populruion of clients and voluniurs. II serves clients in four diffcren1 programs: Respiie Care Program. Center for the TC11T1inally Ill, Health and Wellness Program, and the Mediation ProjccL ln the Respi1e Carc Program, weekend crue in a supportive environment is offered lO physically or developmenlally disabled children, gavmg their parents a break from lhe Slte.SSCS of dealing wilh special needs day in and day OUL A brand-new 8,000 square fool btulding houses the Ccn1er for the Tenninally Ill (CTI). errs purpose is lO give gucslS the personal a1ienllon and Jove lhat they deselvc, IClting them know as they approach the uansition from life IO death that they are wonhwhile people. One volumccr observed once thru all Ullflie Sl01>$ lO allow a funeral procession 10 pass, in essence )Xlying tribule lO the deceased indJV1dual. CTI is here to "stop lhc t.mflic" for a dying pen;on while he/she is still alive. The Health and WcUness program is alc;o housed in lhe CTI facilily. Its goal is 10 help clients assume responsibility for their own health. A !Cam of votunlCCl's with a vocation or avocation an health-related areas assists each cliem in gciting lO 1he underlying cause of health problems, rather than jus1 ucaling the sympioms. lv~nt.er, 1991-92 t - t I 1. • • ").' Jo Ellen Ca,son Human Service Alliance 3983 Old Greensboro Rd. Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Dear Koruah, I loved lhe Fall '91 issue from fron1 lO back. "Songs in the Wildcmcss" by Charloue Homsher (p. 24) brought an idea 10 mind, one I'm familiar with. Native music. be il nute, drums, voice, whruevcr - and its impon on na1ure (Bild vise versa) would be an excellent focu.\ for a future Ka1uah Journal. All my life, pe1.1Ce of mind has been as close as Orawin& by Mane Moms I " " Dear K01uah Friends, I think it's lime to renew my subscription. l really enjoy all your issues, good articles and flllC artworks. Someday I'm going to order a few of them from Rob Messick. WeU I'd fjlce to let you know lha1 Ills! September I was a1 lhe "Shasta Bioregional Gathc.ring." I had a greru time • deep feeling. I meet many beautiful people there; from Judy and Peier Berg. Freeman House, Jim Dodge CIC ••• and especially Ga,y Snyder, a vuy special person. I wished to come and visi1 you loo, bul works at home piesscd me lO jcl back early. O.K., my daily ecoccntric practice is improving. The llalilln Wildemcss Association has rccenlly instituted two Wilderness Areas in nonh and south llaly. The llallan Bioregional Movement is going fine. Last month we had lhe "Founh Bioregional Camp." I was there speaking for the wilderness. Hope this lcuer finds you well and an good spirit For lhe Eanh, Moretti Giuseppe ManlOva llaly nott: lfey. Mort/Ii, don't wait t<>C Ions It> order ort -work. Arri.SIS don't live forevu you luww! RM Dear Friends, WE NEED HaP ! 11 Despiie ever-increasing protest, a dam in Czorsnyn in the Plcniny Mount.ains in Poland has been under COIISltUClion since 1968. Since 1989 young ecologists and annrchists have crganaed blockndes of the dam. A geological cawuophc lhrealCnS 10 desuoy Pleniny National Park's hisiorical relics: castles from 1hc middle ages, manor houses, churches, lnldilional buildings, exceptionally inieresung villages, and valuable natural clements. There is no rational reason ror buildulg the dam. lnlellcclUals oppose lhe dam; among these professionals are nwncrous well-known scicnllSlS. This year's blockade suutcd on July 1. The police action was exceptionally brulal. II was an exueme show of foroe and power. The following damages occurred from this suong-a,ming (as of July 4 injuries): a girl with concussion. a boy with a damaged kidney. The couns have thus fa,imposcd f"ines of 40,000 • 800,000?1 on the young ecologists. A hunger strike was sWled in fron1 of the Environment Minasiry on July 6. We REQUEST HELP through lhe picketing and bloclclde of Polish Embassies! Members or the bloc:k.ade in Czo~1>11 6July 1991 P.S Please make these f.lcts known; ,;pread thi.~ infonnation further. Pragowrua KulUU')' Tcay Siowawyokeme 35--016 Kraslcow, uL Polcaiego Sf].1 Td 53- 772 I Xatucin 1oumQ{. ooa& Z7 I " I ,, IJll1 I rn·;_.,,, • - �Dc.KatUllh, To tbc cdit0r. r have just moo articles on lhe repeated violiuions charged agrunst lhe Champ,on Pulp and Pnper Co. and its continued indifference toward lhe honible c:ondil.ion or lhe Pigeon River. We don't expect the Slate of Nonh Carolina lO enforce laws intended 10 prevent Oulmpion's flagrant indiffcrcncc to lhc wishes of the people, but it would seem lh3111llhet than plea-bargain the pclUllties for turning lhe once beautiful river inlO an industrial sewer. lhe Environmental Pro<cction Agency would apply the full foru or lhe lnw Gt iis disposal fot lhc.,c vioouions. Al the S111T1e lime I.hat Champion has been lClling slorics about the great fishing in Clyde and au.empting to beliulc lhc warnings of lhe known danger of dioxin Lo anyone foolish enough 10 eat any fish caught in lhc river downstream from Champion's decrepit old mill. more and more people are becoming awurc of lhc damage Champion bas done, and continues 10 do, IO what could be one of God's greatest gifts co lhe people and wildlife of this region. I am expccung 10 hear any day that lhe famous fish fry Champion puts on foe lhe newly decied politicians in Raleigh will now fcalll!C fish from the Pigeon River, probably lhe most dangerously polluied sewer in this otherwise bcaullful area. Because of the state of Norlh Carol.ina's indifference to lhe Pigeon River scandill, we should all be thankful 10 our neighbors in Tennessee for lhe in!clliguru and courageous Stand !hey have taken to clean up the river, from lhcoutfall 111lhc mill all lhc way into Tennessee. Thnnks and sinccrc appieciatiOn for lhc growing support we arc getting from environmental groups and lhc people in general. Dick Mullinix Pigeon River Action Group Dear Ko/Uah, We arc a group of students at the Arthur Morgan School, and we'd like IO shllrc our feelings about lhc milillll')' maru:uvcrs Iha! will be going on ID Yancey County on November 4lh - 9lh of 199I. As u:enagc,s of !his coun1.1y we believe !hat our opiniOns should not only be IJlken into account, but should be rcspec:ICd as well. It's so peaceful bese. We really don'1 likc 10 have our home turned 1mo a praclice wn, rone. I1 feels like you arc really going to bomb us. Do you rcali7.e wh:11 you arc practicing for? Why docs lhere have 10 be a ncx1 time? You arc crossing the line of our beliefs, because we don't suppon the use of violence 10 solve problems. Even if the miliwy got permission from some people, !hey did not gel permission from us. We don't believe lhcse mow11ains or any other land should have anything 10 do wilh war. How is !his helping the people of Yancey County work for peace? Thank you foe list.cning, David Barrett Monrovia Van Hoose Byron Eastman MoUy Levin Cedar Johnson Rose Testa Alice Delcoun (The three social studi~ classes ot the Arthur Morgon School ore studying contemporary issues. Similar le11us were receivedfrom the rwo other closszs al tilt school.) DcarKotuah, I am saying lhllnlc you to Cbarloue Homsher for ·songs in lhe Wilderness.· Again she has jogged my inherent nature memory, awakening a beauty of my own 1h31 s.hps inlO slumbers more often than n0t. Among.st the many hardened facts and 1rulhs of our reality on Earth today, it is mosi welcome and healing to be strengthened and rcvitali7.Cd by Lhis kmd of ruticle. I'm looking forward 10 l110fC. Sinccrcly, a sister in voice in Asheville Dear Katuah, Hello rrom up north! A few weeks ago a friend of mme returned from lhc Pcnnaculture Conference in Tennessee and brought back wilh him a copy of Kaulah Journal, which I was excited 10 sec and read again. us1 lime I read Kauiah was in Washington D.C. a year ago and since lhcn I haven't seen 1his WONDERFUL journal anywhere in this Non.hca.uern region or the sl.:ltes. I don't even lhmk a journal like ~umh exislS here ID New H:unpshitt/Vermon1 area. I write this !cu.er 10 you with lhMks. and wish 10 give you money for a year's membership. Thanks again! For lhc Ennh, Michael S1onc Painting by Susan Adlm Well l WIOlC "2" first drafis of a teuu 10 you all hoping Iha! 1 could come up wilh a way 10 keep my leuer from sounding dumb, but no such luck. So I figured the best way 10 Lell you my feelings about Katuah is 10 write 10 you all lhe same way you write 10 us in lhe journal. like we're old friends. I was lucky enough to find Karuah in a used book s1ore while my family and I were antiquing in old downlOwn Asheville- I've never come across anything as neru and infonnalive! Florida jUSI doesn't seem 10 be interested in Native American culture. l'm not sure if they're iniercsted m IOO much more lhan m:ikmg money, sending up lhe shuUle, and ripping our environment apart so lhey can build more moc.els for the tourists. I know it's supposed 10 be the mainstay of our economy but why can't lhey leave some trees and wildlife for lhe ones of us who enjoy them. I guess thal's why I love lhe mouniains so much. ll's scary to lhink !hat lhcy might be cleared off in a rcw years too. I lhink that's why I lmve always admired the lndiMs, lhcy used wlmt lhcy needed, and lhru was iL Over lhe past yenr or so I've become vc,y inlClCSted in lcarmng more about the Native Americans, their culture. and heritage. Issue #32, Fall, 1991 was full of great slllm Your interview about "Bringing Back lhc rll'C" was wonderful!! Reading about how lhe Cherokee's got so swept up in their stomp dance lba1 they went au night and bad to stan singing Old McDonald because !hey ran out of songs was so exciting for me! (Corning from a "stiff" southern Baptist background, the thought of being able 10 praise God with everything you can mUStCr malces me wan1 10 get up and do the same!) From lhc little l know and have learned, the Native Americans stnke me as a ru;h and beautiful people who learned to live by faith and the simple lnlth that God provided lhem wilh everything lhey needed because they respected lbe earth and trusted in Him! If we could ever stop and look at how !hey build and try lO incorporate their ways into our evc,ydlly lives - man, wouldn't it be great? I guess the best way IO start is wilh ourselves. One person =hing 2 and in tum those leaching 2 more. Maybe m time we could heal the eanh, as well as ourselves. I've also wondered, are there any books comnining instrucllon on Native American languages? Thanks for talcing lhe time 10 read I lcucr from a young dreamer. Peact Always! Rebecca Hogan Dear K01uah Joutlllll. Last year I bough1 iwo of your issues from a small bookstore in Ellijay, Georgia. I still have !hem with me and they continue 10 help me understand thing$ as I guess I'm mean1 to understand lhcm. Even though we live oversc35, I'd like to 1rubscnbe. Enclosed is money to cover a year's subscription and the extra pos1age. Also. th3nks foe lhe energy you all are releasing. In spiril, Scou & Miriam R1eh:lldson Baguio City, Philippines l.llnUr., l00kt92 �Sky Mangler, from silver halite Image of thy snow twisting The template of thy helix Formed thee when a snot-throutcd White trash lay down your passage to subordinate thee with bullets No permanent dwelling did thou build Possessing no deed - au was the soil of thine own kind The white Earth-mover claims his machine has a mind of lls own On account of falling drunk on oil overland Thou art so praiseworthy for Earth skill Thy impressionless path was purposeful by its appropriate scale The fire-harnessing soldiers executed policy And have soldierly descendants who have yet to conceive and deliver a successful way of coping with the cold and dark Thy way did peris h until the rost Industrial Tribe picked it up The disease of O,ristian Europe, mutated By stresses in the underpinning rock And brains of soldiers - the rotted, broken virulence The settlements laid to waste But for him thou wouldst have slept on the soil of thine own kind But for the war for white convenience of manufacture For lines on maps Dottering trifOcs At the very length of history when We could have gone thy way .. . Lain claim to thy sustainable homelessness Mike Wilber Drawing by Marte Mems Shhh- . .Listen ... ~ FUTONS ETC. ~ 'The area·s oldest and l.1rgcst natural foods grocery • ... the new alt.emative to the sleeper sofa with over 4,000 years of customer satisfaction built in. Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements Wheat, Salt & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy S11bstit11tes Hair & Skin Care Products Beer & Wine Making Supplies 200 W. King St, Boone, NC 28607 414S.ROAN DOWNTOWN JOHNSONCtTY (7~) 264-5220 929-8622 rl 'J"hu W WHOLE FOODS Saru!J Mush Htrb N urse. J ' WREATHS • POTPOURRI VITAMINS ORGANIC PRODUCE • HERBS • TOPIARY 160 Broadway AshevilleJ North Carolina Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more than 800 plants from Aloe lo Yarraw Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm Wi.nter, 1991-92 A.I.A., Resource Information Analysis Neil Thomas and Andy Feinstein 305 Westover, Asheville, NC (704) 252-6816 Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 28748 Phone for appointmerrt to visit (704) 683-2014 �.,. ~r (canunuod liom page 6) the Southern Appalachians. A1 present, oak species seem to be in uouble - they are declining due to a root rot fungus and are no1 regenerating well in sites where they were once strongly represented. Since oak lumber is a valuable timber product, this situation has been well-investigated. Oak ll'CCS have always had a place on drier. south-facing sites in the mountains, but it is only since the demise of the American chesmu1 that the oak IJ'Ce has become critical as a food crop for so many species of wildlife. Since the chestnut blight wiped om the chestnut as a seed-bearing tree, oaks have greatly expanded their niche, moving into sites. formerly inhabited by chestnuts and filling at least pan of that great tree's role as a food-producer. Due to "unnatural" intervention by human beings in the past, loss of the oak species at this rime would be devastating co the life of the forest. What is to be done? If we were co abruptly remove our influence without ensuring the continuation of the oaks, we might precipitate the loss of irreplaceable components of the ecological community and thus make the restoration of natural processes impossible. This is a situation ~ degraded that it appears human management may be needed 10 neutralize past human mistakes. This is a common <tilert'lma. Ecologist Reed Noss says: "Conservation ecologists unanimously rccogniu: the necessity of scientific management in restoring and perpetuating natural areas. Active habitat restoration should apply the best srate-ofthe-an management techniques 10 mimic the natural environmental regime, keeping human intervention down 10 the minimum..." The first step 10 reinstate a natural order in the Katuah Province is 10 proceed with effons to reintroduce the American chestnut tree with all possible speed. Until those effons literally bear fruit, steps will have to be taken 10 maintain the oak tree. Since light ground fires seem to be instrumental in maintaining oak stands, it may be the oak trees that give us the ~swer, at least for the present; I.& t.he quesuon of how much fuc is desirable. Doing controlled bums to maintain habitat for the oak family would also serve 10 restore the macro-process of fire to the woods. The oak irees could guide us to the proper balance for fire use. To restore natural relationships to a community, the minimum amount of !n~erference is the best, and only for as long as 11 ts necessary. In undertaking any restoration policies, it mUSt be remembered that we are "Irrespective of man's viewpoint, change is necessary to maintain a healthy ecosystem." crying 10 help the Earth heal Hen.elf. We would be intervening to allow the recovery of "natural" processes. Paradoxical as that may seem, that may be our present situation. The examples of the Table Mountain pine and the oak family show us the level of paradox we may encounter and the degree of ecological understanding necessary 10 make knowledgeable decisions. We know so little. There is so much 10 be done. While we can never return to a "natural" condition as it was in a mythic past, it is still valid as a guiding conc:epL The great old u-ees of the ancient old-growth forest are still the grandest testaments to the potential of this region. And, while ii would be fruitless to mindlessly mimic the practices of the ancient native inhabitants, they still can serve as a guide for our present actions. The only baseline we have for "original conditions" was the landscape managed by the Cherokee nation. lt was a beautiful landscape by all ac~unts, and it was a stable equtlibrium, as evidenced by the fact that the Cherokees were able to maintain a consistent presence here for ~ore than 2.000 years. The experience of the First People teaches us that humans in small numbers, living respectfully and reverentially, can integrate ourselves into a viable landscape. Perhaps by pursuing these elusive examples we may be able 10 anive at a new and original equilibrium, one that will serve the needs of the future. Perhaps by seeking 10 fulfill the unattainable mcxlel of a ··natural" landscape free of human intervention, we may be be able to reach an equilibrium that is "natural" because ii proceeds from the forest's own dynamic and follows the forest's own needs. In aniving at that state of balance, we would have to change ourselves so we could live within those natural processes rather than in conflict with them. One way in which we could stan would be 10 put our skills and our passion to the task of serving the forest, deeming it an entity greater than ourselves, that surrounds and holds us, and recognizing that the quality of the forest's life conuols directly the quality of our own. Our goal is the circle of life rejoined. We can only sketch ou1 the elements of a functioning natural communiry in broad strokes, adjust our technologies and lifestyles accordingly, and then fine-tune our relationship 10 our environment as we gain a deeper perception of human causes and natural effects. lf we are to continue to live in these hills, we will have to strive 10 keep the life community as close as possible to the evolutionary optimum for this region. Our work on behalf of the nawral life processes and the native species as best we can know them protects the integril)' - or ecological wholeness - of the region. Our goal is a community of life capable of sustaining itself in the face of inevitable change. ~ David Wheele r (continued from i-sc4) Rhcx!cxlendron sproutS up quickly and in its first year in full sun will set flower buds. The followi.ng year the buds bloom and Lhen open, producing an amazing amount of seed." On rhe high ridgetcp, under new sun and new rain, grass has grown over the charred ground, hidfog it away from sight. It was almosr as ifthefve never had been, except/or the lushness of the new sprillg growth and rhe blacuned suletons ofberry bushes and rhod.Jdendrons reaching grotesquely imo the air. Tiny, leafy shoots spring up from the roots. In rlvee years, during the longest days, the meadow will appear to blaze again in a profusion ofpurple rlwdodendronf/owers. later in that same s,unmer, the blueberry bushes will bear fn1il, turning the fresl,/yfertilized soil in10 a prodigious liarvest Fire has brought change - and new life. ;, --~Jo,. -l'tr1 sorr'l Mr. J"ohnson. We found ~our 'llc.coJ'nt to be ·m arrears . "'"' · ~1P'I l.,intu, 1991 92 �REVIEW: TRIDENT TO LIFE SUPPORT CHUCK ROE! "All nuclear stares are composed ofmaJ1y 11a1io11s, bw each is controlled by a single nation that has the bomb. Britain's bomb is English, not Irish; the Soviet bomb is Russian. not Ukrainian; the French bomb is Parisian, not Corsican; the Chinese bomb is Han, not Tibetan; and the US bomb is White American, not lakoran." Each year during the Christian holiday of The Feast of the Holy Innocents, people gather in S1. Mary's, Georgia in opposition 10 the Trident submarine base and in suppon of peaceful alternatives to the militarized economy. This year the theme of the action is "From Genocide to Peace: Celebrating the Conversion of Our Economies." The marchers will remember the native peoples who were decimated during the 500 years of European conquest and protest the presence of a modem tool of genocide: the Trident submarine and its nuclear weapons payload. The event is scheduled from December 27-29 and will include a vigil, fellowship, a Listening Project, and the march to the gates of 1he Trident base which will take place on Saturday, December 28. St. Mary's is on the South Georgia coast, so the scenery is beautiful, and accommodations and camping facilities are plentiful. For more information, write: Feast of the Holy /1111oce111s Pla1mi11g Committee clo Jody Howard 215 McDonough St. Decatur, GA 30030 or call: (404)377-7109 TURTLE ISLAND BIOREGIONAL CONGRESS V May 17-24, 1992 A convocation of bioregional people from across the continent and beyond at Camp Stewan in the hill country of the Great Prairie biome. To register for this event, contact: Gene Marshall Realistic Living Box 140826 Dallns, TX 75214 Upper Blackland Prairie Bioregion hhntcr , 199 1 92 If. ' ' 't read by Thomas Rain Crowe accompanied by Eugene Friesen, c:cllo, and Paul Sullivan, piano "Love is the perfect work" Words on a page sometimes blossom into meaning within the reader's mind. But poetry read by the author is a three-dimensional experience in space, time, and spirit. The listener hears the words as they were intended to be heard and touches the mind that binhed them. When the reading is accompanied by musical instrumentation, it becomes another experience. The woros are then the frame supporting a work that is a collaboration of influences altogether different than words alone. For those of us who were not al the Jubilee Center on Valentine's Day evening, 1990, Thomas Rain Crowe has recorded readings from that event and from another evening at Furman University in Greenville, SC on July 20 of that year. Accompaniment is by Eugene Friesen, bassist for Lhe Paul Winter Conson and a resident of Asheville, and Paul Sullivan, pianist, who heads a musical enterprise called River Music Records in the Gulf of Maine region. Since the recording was made live, the quality of the tape is variable, but the meaning and intem are clear throughout. Crowe, formerly a Katuah Journal editorial siaff member, lives in rural Jackson County, in the Tuckasegee River watershed. He is a gardener and a printer as well as a poet, but he is always watching the interplay of opposites · sound and silence, motion and stillness, the light and the dark - in the seasons of time and of the human hean. He writes of the changes he has seen honestly and deeply, yet always with hope. The musical sounds interweave with the verbal and offer their own meanings, communicating with the listener on different levels. The sensitive instrumentation adds greatly 10 the depth of the presentation. Together they present a pleasing work. Nothing, of course, can match the subtle exchange of energy that occurs at a live performance, but the casseue Sound of light is in itself a wonhwhile artistic statement, full of sound and insight. And knowing what love is, I aw~. In this place in my body. Full of dream 17WSic, Full oflighJ!" • reviewed by KO near Kerrville, Texas • J THE SOUND OF LIGHT .. Selcctlons from lhe poem 'i1ie Pcrl'cc:1 Work" by Thomu Rain Crowe The Sound of Light was produced by John lane and Tlwrnas Rain Crowe. The tape is available for $7.95 plus $1 .00for shipping and handling from Holocene Books; Box 10/; Wofford College. Spartanburg, SC 29303. '- I For years Chuck Roe worked 10 inventory and protect wild lands and native species in the State of Nonh Carolina as the director of the srate Natural Heritage Program. On a shoestring budget, with linle suppon from the state bureaucracy, Roe consolidated resources and labor from a variety of sources and not only kept the Natural Heritage Program functioning, but made it into an effective force for natur.11 preservation. In the spring of 1991, Roe was fired from his job by the Secretary of the NC Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, William Cobey. The reason given was that Roe had overstepped his authority in writing a leuer to support Karin Heiman, who had recently been fired as a botanist for the US Foresr Service. The real reason for both the firings is that lleiman and Roe were being too effective in their jobs and were becoming obstacles to the goals of the powers that be. Chuck Roe is appealing his firing. His legal challenge is an important battle for free speech, employees' rights, and environmental protection. "The costs so far for my legal fees have been $5,000," Roe says, "which has not been easy for my family to afford. Standing up for principles is not only dangerous but expensive, bm I did what was right, and I have no regrets." He is asking help from anyone who is willing and able to contribute 10 his defense. To help, send a check made our to the "Chuck Roe Legal Defense Fund" to the Western Nonh Carolina Alliance: Box 18087; Asheville, NC 28814. Contributions are tax-deductible. FRENCH BROAD FOOD CO-OP • • • Consu= Ov.,wd Sinre 1975 • • • We Sell Food that Nourishes I Iumans and Sustains the Earth OPEN TO THE PUBLIC Monday-Friday 8:.30 AM to 8:00 PM Saturday 9;00 AM lo 7,00 PM Sunday 1:00 PM to 6:00 PM (704) 255-7650 90 Biltmore Avenue Asheville, NC 2 Blocks South of Downtown �NWN (co,uinllldfrom page 23) HELP WANTED amc:ndmcnl lh:il would allow logging in areas LO be designated as recreation and stenic are.is. CALDWELL COUNTY: SAVED FROM THE SHAVE Naturul World News Scivicc A new chapt.cr of the WCSJcm Non.h Carolina Alliance (WNCA) has fanned in ~'JIOn.se I O ~ limber sales in lhc Grandfalhcr Ranger DistricL The Foothills Environmental Alli:ince (FEA) is lhc fll'Sl organit.ed crron 10 appeal timber sales in CaWwcll Counly. Hunt.crs, f1Shcf5, and ccologiSIS alike ruc dis1wbed about loog range impaclS due IO excess umbering. Citing excessive cumulative cffcclS from c lcarc:u1ting on both private lands and lhc Pisgah National Forest, an nppc:il has been filed w1lh lhc J"orest Service on proposed sales in the Wilson Creek wau:rshcd. The habillll preservation group Sou1hPAW also ~ubmiucd four appeals of sales on lhe Grandfather District to prcvcnl foresl frogmcnuiuon. degradation of sltC.'lm quruity, and ncg11tive imp:iclS on biodivcrs11y from lhc logging. In November, 1991 siays were granted on lhe proposed soles. and lhc WNCA is prepared tO continue oppeals if R:inger Mike Anderson decides to continue lhc logging. In a meeting belwecn members of lhc WNCA and lhc Forest Service, thc laucr admill.Cd !hat Caldwell Coun1y has had more lluln its share of clC31CuUing. It is lime to pf'Olcct Lhcsc valuable lands. The Poo1hill$ Environmen1al Allianu mrtts al the county library ,n unoir on ,~ ftr$t Thursday of every monlh. US REP. CHARLES TAYLOR: FOE OF THE FOREST One of the siJcs slated for release III Taylor's so-called "wilde.mess" bill was thc Blue Valley area near Hjghlands, NC. Taylor's acllon prompted a storm of proccst from residents who loved lhc area and wnnicd 10 keep it as il is. In response he called an "cducaiional" mecung in Highlands lhat con~ist.cd or a full program of USFS personnel iclling why thcy want.cd IO delist Blue Valley. The citu.cns who packed lhc hall were invit.cd 10 air their concerns by sending lctlet~ 10 Taylor after the meeting. Residents howled. and Taylor bler wilhdrew his bill from consideration. His move agai1151 wildbnds in Georgia was prompted by a bill proposed by Rep. Ed Jenkins (D-OA) which would dcs1gn:ite lhe Blood Mountllln and Mark Trail IIICa.~as wildctnc.-;.~ and add 1,100 acres to the Bn&SSIOwn Wildemcss An:3. h would also create n 36 square mile recreation area oo Springer Mountain, lhe head of lhe Appalachian Trail, and an 11 square mile scenic area on Coosa Bald. Taylor's amendment would have allowed logging in lhe laucr are.is. even lhough Jc:okins took pains 10 mention lhat his bill would hnvc liulc effect on timber quOlllS in the Chau:ihooc:hcc. Jenkins' bill was =enlly passed lhrough Congress SO/IS lhc Taylor amendmcnL ll is 110{ surprising lhat Charles Taylor is so ddigent in the service of lhe timber indusiry. Twcnl)' pcn:cnt of his 1990 campaign contributions ($40,000) c:amc from individuals nnd groups connected wilh the wood producis indusuy. He himsel f is a dc\-clopc:r and tree farmer in TnlllSYlvania and H:iywood Counties. flfonnl Wadel News Service for BIODIVERSITY LEGAL FOUNDATION The Biodiversity Legal Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of all native wild plants and animals, communities of species, and naturally functioning ecosystems.The group is involved in li1igadon in the biocenaic defense of the elements of natural diversity lhat other, more mainstream groups are typically unwilling to undenake. The Foundation closely monitors the programs of the US forest Service for sensitive, threatened. and endangered species and their ecosystems. It concentrates on habitats across the country that are integrnl parts of large, natural, diverse ecosystems. The group's legal actions always stress a multiple species/ ecosystem approach. The Biodiversity Legal Foundation is looking for help in the eastern foresis. They need activists with a strong biological interest to develop a comprehensive review of the status and disaibution of the eastern wood.rat (Neotomafloridiana) and the eastern diamondback mnlesnake (Cota/us adamenters). Both these species are believed to be in serious trouble and require legal advocacy. Those interested should contact: Jasper Carlu,n Biodiversity legal Fowidation Box 18327 Boulder, CO 80308 The congressional reprcscnwivc from Nor1h Carolina's 11 lh District has been busying himself wilh aucmpts to destroy wild h:ibi1111 during lhe past tcnn of Congress. Rep. Charles Taylor this summer uuroduced lhc Craggy Mounr.:tln Wilderness Act, a "w11demcss" bill that released I l,700acrcs of wild lands lO commercial cxploiiation while prot.ccling only 2,400 aacs that arc alre:ldy heavily used as a scenic auraction. He was one or lhc 24 sponsors in the House of lhc "Family and Forest Protection AJ:1; a limber indusuy bill designed 10 hinder ci1i1.cns who would stop destructive n:iuonal forest timber sales. Taylor also tried 10 weaken a forest protection biU mitiau:d ror lhc Chauahoochcc National Forest by Georgia Rep. Ed Jenkins. Taylor proposed an flti. Programs to encolSOge &elf aid Eorth OW01enes.1. celebrotton. klrdhlp ond hope. • You1h Camii- • School Programs • Fa,my Cami,.· Teadler Training • Commuroty Provam• •~Sia~ Tra.,ing • 0uldoor Program~ PO 8ox 130b Go11r>tlL<g. reme- 3n3a 61~ 1'otimfl JoumoC J)n'}C 32 ~\I',\ TaJJcin1 ua...a is a DlOlllhly ,JOUrUal of deep ecology, inspired personal acuvmn rooted in earthen sp,rirualny. Pasl i$SUC$ have featured ar11cles by Gary Snyder, Starllawk, John Seed, Joanna M,cy, Bill Devall, l..onc Wolf Circles. Bubara Mor, etc:. Tn/Jnng ~ for the natural wt'4'1d and for the rekindllOE of our own wild 5Ptnt. uo,-a Suh:\cnpllOIIS an: S24.00 one year/ $48.00 outside U.S. Ta/J:JnglLm-a 1430 Willamette 1361 Eugeoc. OR 97401 5031342-2974 Dra'IVll!g by Rob Musick REGIONAL RADIO Featuring Crossroads music, ?\iPR news and music programs, regional news and information concerning health, education, government, recreation, and the environment. WNCW - FM r 0. Box 804 Spand.ilc, NC 28160 (704) 287-8000 l.,L11tcr, 1991-,92 , �•·,I.I, I FEBRUARY €V€0t'S DECEMBER BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Bill Melanson, reggae rock. at McDibbs. $4.00. I 19 Cherry S1.; 28711, (704) 669-2456. 20 21 BLACK MOUNTA[N, NC Pini and Gaye Johnson at McDibbs. $4.00. See 12/20. SWANNANOA, NC Full Moon and Winier Solstice Lodge a1 the Earth Center. Begins a1 noon. ConlllCl lhe Earth Center: 302 Old Fellowship Road; 28TT8. (704) 298-3935. 27-29 ST. MARYS, GA 9th annual Peace Witness at Kings Bay Submarine Base. Program includes Listening Project training, direct action, candlelight vigil, and shnred meal. Pre-regisrration encouraged; donation accepted. Contact Kings Bay Witness; c/o Joy Howard; 215 McDonough St.; Decatur, GA 30030. (404) 377-7019. ASHEVLLLE, NC "Breaking Barrier.;, Building Bridges.• Workshop 10 focw; on brcalcing down barriers of racism, sexism and classism, and on cswblishing cross-cul1ural connection:; for more effccti,e grassroolS organizing. Al W.C. Reid Center. Prc-rcgiSlcr. SS. ConlaCl uwra Deaton, Western Norlh Carolina Alliance; 11 Clock Tower Square; Frankhn, NC 28734.(704)S2A-3899. l HOT SPRINGS, NC "A New Years Rcln:aL" Meditation lO welcome the new year, led by John Orr nod Man:in Rose. Pre-register. S28S mcludes vegan meals and lodgmg. Contact Southern Dhanna Rctreal Center; RL I; 28743. (704) 622-7112. 27-4 VALLEYHEAD,AL Winter Solstice Celebration. ConlllCl Hawkwind Earth Renewal Cooperative: PO Box 11; Valley Head, AL 35989. (205) 635-6304. 22 Winter Solstice 2 SWANNANOA, NC Foll Moon Lodge al lhc Enrth Center. See 12/21. MARCH JANUARY ASHEVILLE, NC Tim Abell, ·songs and s1ories for lhe young of all ages. Bring lhe kids. SS. 8:30 pm a1 Stone Soup Cafe, comer of Broadway and Walnu1. (704) 255-7687. 4 SWANNANOA, NC Full Moon Lodge al lhc Eanh Center. 18 Feile Oridghe or Candlemas (01 id"in1er) 21 ?l-23 . .... ~8 GREAT SMOKIES PARK "Environmental Education and lhe Arts" annual workshop. Sessions on slOJylelling, dramatics, mum, puppetry and other cmfl.s ~gned lO inspire new ideas for ieaching aboUI lhe narural world. Fcalured gucsl is Denny Olsen. Prc-rcgisitr. S80 includes meals and lodging. Conuict Great Smoley Mounl8ins lnstitute at Tremont: RLl, Box 700: Townsend. TN 37882. (615) 448-6709. See 12/21. ASHEVILLE, NC Christmas uce chippers in locntions Lhroughou1 Buncombe County. For locations, call Quality Forward 254-1776. 26 ASHEVILLE, NC Tree planting in Afion Parle co-sponsored by Quali1y Forward and lhc Ashevillc,Buncombe Youlh council. For info: Quality F«wnrd: Box 22; 28802. (704) 254-1776. 7 ASHEVILLE, NC Jim Magill, plays mountain music in Lhe Celtic tradition on a varic1y of instruments, original music, and stories. SS. 8:30 pm al S1onc Soup Cafe. See 1/4. 18 21 SWANNANOA, NC Full Moon and Spring Equinox Lodge al Lhe Earth Cenl.Cf. Sec 12/21. Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards 1Nith artwork you see in Katuah Journal. 28 ASHEVILLE, NC Girl Scoots' 80th birthday tree planting along Broadway. Public p:lrtieipa1ion inviled. Pisgah ~~~-~-'!!!~t~G~ir,;Sco Council and Quality Forward. Sec 3/1. ; I ~ ;,:ut (Envelopes included.) by Rob l/.:esskk Send $11.25 postage paid to: Rob Messick P.O. BOX 2601 BOONE, NC 28607 Drawing b} Rodney Webb whole earth grocery Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt 1, Box 172-l Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 NATURAL ALTERNATNES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVING 446 c.p,ukway rr~h center • suite 11 g.11hnburg. tcnnCSS<"C 3n38 615-436-6967 W1Htct', l9!11-92 ' ' An Alternative i NATIVE FLUTES Two styles mode of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Union Acres - - lscrtage for Sale - Smoky Mountain Living with a focus on spiritual and «ologicol values For more information: Cont ad C. Grant al Roule 1. Box 61] Whillier, NC 28789 (704) 497-4964 NATURAL MARKET WI IOLE FOODS • BULK rooos. VJTA!liflNES . HERBS • FAT FREE FOODS • TAKE OUT FOODS • SNACKS • NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Slowing Roell. Rd Boone, NC 28607 �SAVE OUR RIVERS • CllSSClte album by Baro= and Jolm DunC311 and Ille Foxftrc Boys. Onginal tunes by Barb.ira DunclUI; old umll go.,pel lnllllS by the Fodirc Bo),. S10.00 includes poswge .llld handling. All profit\ go to Save Our Rivm, Inc. PO Box 122: Franklin, 1'C 28734: or call (71») 369-7877, For the Cullasaj:i. • Webworking has changed! There is now a fee of $2.50 {pre-paid) per entry of50 words or less. Submit entries/or Issue #33 by Feb. 15, 1992 to: Rob Messick; Box 2601; Boone, NC 28607. (704) 754-6097 PEN PA.LS WANTED. I am 30, single, a traditional religious leader and Greenpeace acuvist. I live far from town on a rivcrf'rom hom<:SIC3d. Bear's.Over-Rainbow: HCR 77. Box 382; Cosmopoli.~. WA 98537 I W\'E 'f llE E.ARTII. a ca.~uc: nxord,ng of MUSIC BY BOB AVERY-GRUBEL awilablc on three casscucs. Treasures in IM Stream and Circlt!T Rerunung are folk/rOCl.·,i:lzz, and a rccenl release of original chants and songs, l1g/11111 1/~ Wind. is a ca~Ua Lyric sheets includ..ld Send SJO for each r.apc or S26 for all Lhrce IO Bob Avery-Grubel; RI. I, Box 735: Floyd, VA 2409 I. IIIGHLANDER CENTER· is a community-based educational org;inl7.alion whose purpo<;e is IO provide SJ130C for people IO learn from each other, and 10 developc solutions 10 environmenUJI problems based on thcir values. cxpcnences. and aspirauons. They also put ou1 a qurutcrly ncwslcw:rcallcd 1/igh/andu Reports. For more Info conlaet Highlander Ccn1et; 19S9 Highlandct Way; New Mnrtkel, TN 37820 (61 S) 933.3443 BODY RI/YI/IMS from Plancwy Molhets • a beautiful and pnlCticnl clllcndar for women io ch3rl Lheir ·moonthly" C)'l:les. Send S3.00 plus S 1.00 pOSUlge to: Plnnc&ary Mothers Colloctive (c/o Nancie Yonker): 5231 Riverwood Avenue: Snrasoin. A.. 34231. "BLOW YOUR MIND" • wilh 1hc celestial ~Ing music of "Medicine Wind" by George Tortorelli. Also exotic !ino-1uncd bamboo nuics in many keys aod modes. For more informauon send 10: George Tonorclli; 86 NW 55111 Stttet; Gnincsvillc. A.. 32601. (904) 373-1837 WANTED: FUNDRAISER for the Grassroots LislC.nlng 311d Organizing Program or Ille Rural Soulhcm Voice for Peace. We provide uaining end organiring assislllllCC 10 grossroots groups 111 the South worlting on justice, peace, and environmental issues. Localed 111 micnr.ional community m Blue Ridge Mountams. Modest salary. 30 to 35 hrs/wit., good benefilS. Send lcucr and rcsumt 10 RSVP/GLO: 1898 H31lll3h Branch Rd.; Burnsville, NC 28714. (704) 675- 5933. LAND FOR SALE • M:ignif1ce111 view wnh small ho1.1.~ 111 beau1iful Spong Creek, NC. Ten males soulh of Ho1 Springs, NC (off Route 209), and one hour west or Asheville. $25,000 for bnd nnd house. Pcrfcc1 for the self sullkiem life. Crul Lindn Deyo at (704) 675-9575. SLASH YOUR HEATING COSTS· simple and i001pcnsive method 10 locate and stop costly air leaks. Send S3.00ond a SASE 10 M.J Olson: 816 Norlh 4Lh Avenue: Knoxville, TN 37917. Refund if unsatisfied JOIN US -111 lhe Olob:il CeJcbrauon oflhe um versa! day of World Peace and Pl.lnctary Heahng Doo:mbcr 12th 1991. The universal silent rn>cr begins at 12:00 noon. For more infonnation conr.act PO Box 78813: Tucson AZ, 85703 or call (()()2) 326-7522. . Xntu.afl Journot P<UJ'l- 34 . ' cnvironmenial songs by lhc Oreal Smoky Mountains lnsti1u1c at Trcmon1 in celebruuon of the 20th annivcr.;ary of Earth Day. Includes ·scAT Rap," "The 0:lrbagc Blue.~." and more. $9.95 plus S2.50 shipping for each ca=uc. Mail order plus check to Grcru Smoky MounlOins Natural Hi);lory Association: 115 P-Jtl 1-!cadquancrs Rd.; G3tlmburg, TN 37738. Alternatives ... The Dirt:c1<>ry of fn1~n11onul Con1111w,111e.< 1s lhe prod· uc1 or 1wo years or 1111en..1vc n:sc.m;h, .1nd tS lhe most compn:hcnsive and 111:turate Jircclor) a,·ailablc. IL documents lhc: vi~1on and the dally hie or more lhan 3SO commu11111c.~ 111 Norlh America, and more than 50 on oilier conlinents. Each community's hsung includes name, address, phone. and a dcsc11pwn of the group. ExlClls1vc cro-s n·fercocmg nnd ,nJ..,1ng mak~ lhc 111formation easy tn act"C$~ for a wide vancay of user-1. Includes maps, over 2SO atld1uOOAI Resource listings, and 40 related aniclcs. 328 pages K-lnxl I Pcrfcc:1bounJ Ocwocr 1990 1S81' Number. 0 96()27141-4 Sl6.00 Add S::!.00 poMagc & handling for first hook, s.:m rorcach .i.Jd111onJI; 41l% d1'>Coum on ordc~ of 111 c,r more. Alpha Fann. Deadwood. OR (503) 9'w-5102 LIV(NG OPPORTUNmES • Needed, Solar Dcmonstrnlion CC111cr CoordinalOr by Spring, 1992. Preferred retired and/or mdcpendcm mcome pcrson(s). Hou,ing provided w11h op110n IO own within ien years. Expertise in Ofi.llllic gaidcnmg and/or appropriaie iechnology required. OJ,ponuni1y IO a.«-~t low-mcome Ccnunl APJX1lach1ans. Wn1e; Appalachm Science in Ille Public ln1ercs1: PO Box 298; Livings1on, KY 4().145. DOG • a chque of Pocuy, SJ)lril. God-is-Life not God-runs-Li fc. Art. Journeys. IMer Powe11;, Munk review~ and Zinc review~. Anlclcs, Dislribu110n of Gypsy Music and more. Inspired 111 Asheville area of NC and in Southern TX. Be positive and cnioy the world arouod you. M:ul 10 Colouf!; or Monroe: PO Box 18752: Corpus Christi, TX 78480. Cost S2.00. VISIT MEXICO· in summer of 1992 wilh lhe Exchange Program between WNC and S!ln Crist6bal de las Casas, Chiapas. The purpose of lhe exchange is 10 build world peace lhrough personal conUICIS across national boundaries. Spend 2~ weeks with a hos1 family, receive language ansuucuon and reciprocate by offering hospiLllily in your home community Minimum cosl IO permi1 wide panicipalion. For more information write: Jenifer Morgan: 2050 Hannah Bmnch Road; Burnsville, 1'C 28714 or call Becca (70-I) 298-6794 or Jane (704) 625-5620. NATIVE AMERICAN A..UTE MUSIC- Richard Roberti, a well known west TN new age nutist (M:a Zero Otims). is now av;ulablc an the Easl Tl'\/NC area. For relaxing aod uplifling pcrfonnanccs or iopcs con1JC1: Richan! Robcrtli: Box 821: Noms. TN 37828 (615) 494-8828 01' Rt I, Box 136 RD; Lamar, MS 38642 {601) 252-4283. PEOPLE OF THE WEB· 224 page book (1990) shows how lnwan mounds, anciem ritunls, magnetic CJtJ)Crimentation on lhc: brain, neru-dcath c.~pcrience, ll1!d UFO obduclions are rclaled. Wilh 94 piclurcs and illustrnlioos. St9.95 sofl.back. S24.95 hardback- Eagle Wang Books: Box 99n. Memphis, TN 38109. NATNE AMERICAN CEREMONIAL HERBS· we offer a large variety of sages. sweet grass, naiurlll resins, and evcrylhing ncccs.,;ory for smudging. Native smoking mixtures, 0uLO music, pow-wow 111pcs, and ceremonial songs. Esscnr.ial oils. and incenses specifu:ally made for prayer, offering, and meditation. For caUllog call or write: Esscncia.l Dreams; Rt 3, Box 285: Eagle Fork. Hayesville, NC 28904 (704) 389-9898. LOOKING FOR OTHERS • fOI' mutual suppon and encou111gcmcn1 111 sc:udl of a bcucr life. Loolung for ~ l e formru.1011 of a rcsidenr.ial community. My 1ntcres1S and strengms are: feminism, pcrmllCUIIUrc, commun11y supponcd agricul1urc, radionics, rot111111 he3ling, and much more. Write Peggy Price; 5807 Poplar Strcei: Doraville, OA 30340 or aill (404) 447-9829. PIEDMONT BIOREGIONAL INSTITUTE· For !hose who live 10 the Piedmont area, !here's a biorcgional cffon v.-cll underway. Jom Us! We would 3pproc1ll1C any donation of umc or money to help mce1 opern1ing expenses. For a gift of S25.00 or more. we will !iol!nd you a copy of John Lawson's JOumat, A New Voyage 10 Carolina. Also come find out about 1he Lawson ProjccL PBI; 412 W Rosemary Su-cet: Chapel Hill, NC 27516; Uwharria Province. (919) 942-2581. MUSICIANS, MAGICIANS, ACROBATS, ACTORS, jugglers, poets, roadies, cte. wanu:d to JOlll The Bicycle B:ind, a iribal-foU. trnvcling musical circus/medicine show. Must be 101ally self-propelled (no gas-powered vehicles). Conlllct Billy Jonas; 31 Park A,·c.; Asheville, NC 28801 ROOM AV An.ABLE • in exchange for small odd jobs and some cooking. To inquire please coniact Knrcn W,ulcins at Rt 4, Box 389; Burnsville. NC 28714; (704) 682-9263. ,.,lurer, 199 t-92 �BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE· SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agricullure - Sunnowers • Human lmpac, on lhe Forest - Childrens· Educa1ion Veronica Nicholas: Woman in Politics - Lill.le People - Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR - SUMMER 1984 War.er Drum • Water Quali1y - Kudzu. Solar Eclip.,;c · Clcan:ulling • Trou1 • Going IO Waler - Ram Pumps· Microhydro • Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE - FALL 1984 Harvest • Old Ways in Cherokee - Ginseng - Nuclear Waste • Our Celtic ReriLagc - Biorcgionalism: Past. Present. and Future - John Wilno1y - Healing Darlcness - Politics of Participation ISSUE STX· WINTER 1984-85 Winlcr Solstice Eanh Ceremony - Horsepasture Rjvcr • Coming of the Light - Log Cabin ROOI. Mounuiin Agriculture: The Right Crop • William Taylor - The Future of 1he Forest ISSUE SEVEN - SPRING 1985 Sustainable Economics - Hol Springs - Worller Ownership - The Great Economy - Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey - Responsible Investing . Working in Ille Web of Life ISSUE EIGHT - SUMMER 1985 Celebration: A Way of Life - Katuah 18,000 Years Ago· Sacred Sites - Folk Arts in the Schools. Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems: Hilda Downer Cherokee Heritage Center - Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE • FALL 1985 The Waldoe Forest - The Trees Speak • Migrating Forests • Horse Logging - SLBrting a Troe Crop • Urban Trees • Acom Bread • Mylh Time ISSUE TEN· WINTER 1985·86 Kate Rogers • Ci:cles of Sione - Internal Mythmalcing • Hol.islic Healing on Trial - Poems: Steve Knaulh · Mylhic Places - The Uk1ena·s Tale. Crystal Magic - "Drcamspeaking• ISSUE THlRTEEN • FALL 1986 Center For Awakening - Elizabeth Callari - A Gentle Death • Hospice. Ernest Morgan • Dealing Creatively wilh Death • Home Burial Box - The Wake - The Raven Mocker - Woodslore & Wildwoods Wisdom - Good Medicine; The Sweat Lodge ;'. 33 Ke°UA~9URNAL PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 For more info: call Rob Messick at (704) 754-6007 Name Regular Membership........$10/yr. Sponsor.........................$20/yr. Contributor.....................$50/yr. Address City Wl.ntef', 1991-92 ISSUE FOURTEEN· WINTER 1986-87 Lloyd Carl Owle - Boogcrs and Mummers. AJI Species Day - Cabin Fever Univcrsily - Homeless in KatWlh • Homemade Hot Water. Stovemakcr's Narrative· Good Medicine: ln1Crsp0Cies Communication ISSUE FIFIBEN • SPRING 1987 Coverlets· Woman Forcsr.cr. Susie McMahan: Midwi~e • ~tcrnative Contraception - Biosexuality B1oregionalism and Women • Good Medicine: Matriarchal Culture - Pearl ISSUE SIXTEEN· SUMMER 1987 Helen Wai1e - Poem: Visions in a Garden • Vision Ques, • First Aow - Initiation • Leaming in the Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge - "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WINTER 1987-88 Vernacular ArchitCCtW'C - Dreams in Wood and Stone • Mountain Home • Eanh Energies • Eanh-Shcltercd Living· Membrane Houses • Brush Shelter. J?oems: October Dusk - Good Medicine: "Sheller" ISSUE NlNETEEN · SPRING 1988 l?en:landra Garden - Spring Tonics - Blueberries. Wilctnowcr Gardens· Granny Herbalist - Aower Essences • "The Origin of lhe Animals:" Story Good Medicine: "Power" • Be A Tree ISSUE nVENTY • SUMMER 1988 Preserve Appalochian Wilderness - Highlands of Roan - Celo Community· Land Trust - Arthur Morgan School - Zoning Issue. "The Ridge" • Farmers and the Fann Bill - Good Medicine: "Land" - Acid Rain • Duke·s Power Play • Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO-WINTER 1988-89 Global Warming - F"1te This lime. ThOIIUIS Berry on "Bioregions· · Earth Exercise. Kort Loy McWhiner· An Abundance of Emptiness. LETS. Chronicles of Aoyd • Darry Wood • The Bear Clan ISSUE 1WBNTY-THREE- SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village • Planet An· Green Ci1y - Poplar Appeal· "Clear Sky"· "A New Eanh". Black Swan - Wild Lovely Days· Reviews: Sacred Land Sacred Sex. Ice Age· Poem: "Sudden Tendrils" State Phone Number Zip Enclosed is $ , - - - - - to give this effon an extra boost ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR· SUMMER 1989 Deep Listening • Life in Atomic City - Direct Action! • Tree of Peace - Community Building. Peacemakers· Ethnic Survival • Pairing Project. "Batl.lesong" • Growing Peace in Cuhurcs - Review: The Chalice and the 8/Juk ISSUE TWENTY-SIX· WINTER, 1989·90 The Ecoz.oic Ero • Kids Saving Rainforest • Kids Treecycling Company - Connict Resolution • Developing Creative Spirit - Birth Power. Magic of Puppetry • Home Schooling - Naming Ceremony • Mother Earth's Classroom • Gardening for Children ISSUE TWENTY-SEVEN - SPRING, 1990 Transformation - Healing Power - Peace to Their Ashes • Healing in KatWlh - Poem: "When Len 10 Grow· • Poems: Sicphen Wing - The Belly - Food from the Anciem Fores, ISSUE TWENTY-NINE· FALI../WlNTER 1990 From the Mountains 10 lhe Sea • Profile of The Lltl.le Tennessee River - Headwaters Ecology. "It All Comes Down to Water Quality". Water Power. Action ror Aquatic Rabimis . Dawn Walehers . Good Medicine: The Long Human Belng - The Nonh Shore Rood - Katuah Sells Ou, - Watetshed Map or the Kalliah Province ISSUE THIRTY· SPRING 1991 Economy/ECOiogy • Ways IO a Regenerative Economy· "Money is the Lowest Form of Wealth" • Clarlcsville Miracle - The Village - Food Movers. Lirework • Good Medicine: "Village Economy• Shelton l.aW'CI • LETS ISSUE THIRTY-ONE- SUMMER 1991 Dowsing - Responsibilities of Dowsing • Elearical Life or the Earth • Kaulah and the Earth Grid • Call of the Ancient Ones - Good Medicine: ·0o Ag&JCSSion" - Time 10 Take the Time to Take the Time· Whole Science - Tuning ln ISSUE THIRTY-TWO. FALL 1991 Bringing back the F"1te · A Bit of Mountain Levity • Climax Never Came - "Talking Leaves": Sequoyah • Wal.king Distance· Good Medicine: "Serving lhe Great Life" • The Granola Journal - Paintings: "Mouniain Siories"- Songs of lhe Wilderness Back Issues: Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $,_ __ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $,_ __ Issue# __@ $2.50 = $,_ __ Issue#_@ $2.50 = $ Issue# _ _@ $2.50 = $ - - postage paid $,_ __ Complete Set: (3-10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-32) postage paid @ $50.00 = $. _ __ 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 33, Winter 1991-1992 Description An account of the resource The thirty-third issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on Fire: its power and uses. Authors and artists in this issue include: David Wheeler, Vic Weals, Barbara J. Sands, Jan Davidson, David Brewin, Barbara Wickersham, Jeffery Beam, Veronica Nicholas, Rob Messick, Charlotte Homsher, Lee Barnes, Mike Wilbur, Jason Tueller, Rob Leverett, James Rhea, David Earl Williams, Andrew Lehman, Vince Packard, Lynn Fink, Susan Adam, Bray McDonald, and Mark Morris. <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-1992 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Fire's Power by David Wheeler.......3<br /><br />What Is Natural? by David Wheeler.......5<br /><br />Do Clearcuts Mimic Fire?.......6<br /><br />Smokey and the Red Wolves.......7<br /><br />Fire in Jeffreys Hell by Vic Weals.......8<br /><br />Poems by Barbara J. Sands.......9<br /><br />Fire and Forge by Jan Davdison and David Brewin.......11<br /><br />The First Fire: A Cherokee Legend.......12<br /><br />Hearth and Fire in the Mountains by Barbara Wickersham.......14<br /><br />Good Medicine.......15<br /><br />Midwinter Fires: Poems by Jeffery Beam.......18<br /><br />Natural World News.......20<br /><br />Who Will Have the Power? by Veronica Nicholas.......22<br /><br />Litmus Lichens by Rob Messick.......24<br /><br />Reading the Inner Tree by Charlotte Homsher.......25<br /><br />Review: Where the Ravens Roost.......25<br /><br />Around the Fire by Lee Barnes.......26<br /><br />Drumming.......27<br /><br />Poem: "Sky Mangler" by Mike Wilber.......29<br /><br />Review: The Sound of Light.......31<br /><br />Events.......33<br /><br />Webworking........34<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville</em> <em>Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Forest fires--Environmental aspects Blacksmithing--Appalachian Region, Southern--History Hearths--Appalachian Region, Southern--History Cherokee Indians--Social life and customs Cherokee mythology North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Acid Deposition Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Bioregional Definitions Book Reviews Cherokees Earth Energies Electric Power Companies Fire Folklore and Ceremony Forest Issues Geography Good Medicine Habitat Hazardous Chemicals Katúah Poems Radioactive Waste Reading Resources South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Turtle Island Villages https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/d6750f94c0a18f40bca5af30e17a5990.pdf 5e1986979bd6644b0725bad9148dd445 PDF Text Text ISSUE 36 FALL 1992 $2.00 ,.·········~···-..... ...,! ........ I" ? . ~-- -- '··~---.. ..,..•.... •r.--,.•,.--... ···-···_;:) WORKING WITH WOOD �PO Box 638 Leicester, NC Katuah Province 28748 New Address Inside! Postage Paid Bulk Mail Permit #18 Leicester, NC 28748 _. "1''e o,. .,,,. C, () I' Printed on recycled paper ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED �Using Wood............................... Appalachian Logging..................... 4 by Lee Barnes Old Logging Days......................... 7 by Frank Hodgin Working the Woodlands................. 9 by David Wheeler Wood Products and Western Nonh Carolina.................. 10 by Dr. John Wade 13 USING WOOD Logging with Horses.......·-··········· 15 'Thi! ecoMmic base ofthe area is rapidly changing from agriculture and primary industry 10 service-related indJAS1ry. especially tourism." Natural World News..................... 16 Invasion of the Giants.................... 19 Depletion for Dollars...................... by Harley Wessman by Nancy McIntyre • The Dra!I Land and Rcsouroe Management Pl.an for lhe Nanlahala-Pisgah National Forests by Buzz Williams From Industry to Endeavor.............. 20 by David Wheele.r Pioneering A New Human/Nature Relationship.............. 21 by Robcn T. Pershcel Forest S1ewardship Programs........... 22 by Jesse Jones Ecological Foresay for Renewable Forest Values................. 23 by Leon S. Minckler Drumming.................................. 25 The Chair in the Tree...................... 27 by Tucker Windover Reading the Grove........................ 29 by Charloue Homsher Events....................................... 32 Webworking............................... 33 Drawing by Hope Walker f'a(L, 1992 Fanning and logging were the traditional mainstays of the mountain economy. Working with the land was for a long time the only way to live in the remote mountains. Isolated from the national economy more by poor transportation routes than by distance, the white mountaineers lived independently, each family deriving their own living from the fields and forests of their inherited cove lands. The fields grew food; the forests provided additional food sources, as well as a source of wood. The white mountain folk almost literally built their lives out of wood. As well as fuel, it was also used in the making of shelter, tools and utensils, storage containers, and wagon bodies. 11 was even necessary in the manufacruring of the leather that harnessed the horses. The arrival of the railroads changed all that. A flood of ou1side capital rode into the mountains on the rails and the primary objec1 of the corporate desire was the wood growing on 1he mountainsides. Many mountain people drew their first paychecks at the logging camps that sprung up in the hills at lhe tum of the century. The logging boom was in lhe voracious style of capilalism that characteriz.ed that era - it was short and intense, and lhen it was over. The great trees were gone and so were lhe timber barons with their paychecks. But the lives of the mountain people were irrevocably changed. They were integrated into the cash economy and could not go back. Many people left the mountains to follow the logging companies to the Pacific Nonhwest; others migrated to the Piedmont to work at the textile mills. Logging continued, but it was once again small operations cutting primarily for local use. The fanning lifestyle persisted into the 1940's, but once the region was opened to the flow of cash and goods, people increasingly preferred to buy food with wages than to scratch the ever more crowded hillsides for their living. Another transportation breakthrough brought another influx of oucside money and culture and tightened the bonds that held the region into the dominant national economy. The construction of the interstate highways opened the mountains to throngs of people attracted by the region's natural beauty. People came 10 visit, as tourisls and second-home owners, or they came to live, like the many retirees and professional people who found it was much more pleasan1 to live in the mountains than in the crowded cities. Service jobs, taking care of the needs of the visitors and the well-to-do new arrivals, rose sharply and are stiJI climbing. Employment in service occupations is th. e dominant factor in the region's economic picture. Farm employment has dwindled. Most of those who call themselves farmers now work the land only part-time and make the bulk of their living at wage jobs. About the same number of people are employed in the wood products industries as were 30 Drawing by Rob Messick (continued on page 3) "4tuah JournaC page 1 �' ""' ~/ ,, ,I MAST HEADS THIS ISSUE: Sherman Bamford Becky Barwick Charlotte Homsher Steve Lee Pegi L- - - - - -- - - - '/ ,, - ., ./ .•.. COVER: by Rob Messick ©1992 PUBLISHED BY: Kat1mh Journal PRINTED BY: The Waynesville Mowitaineer Press EDITORIAL OFFICE THIS ISSUE: Billy Home and Gardens, Asheville, NC (love that basil!) WRITE us AT: Kanmh Journal Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC Katuah Province 28645 TELEPHONE: (704) 754-(IJ97 Diversity is an imponant element of biorcgional ecology, both natural and social. In accord with this principle Ka1uah Journal tries to serve as a forum for the discussion of regional issues. Signed articles express only the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily the opinions of the Katuah Journal edil.OlS or staff. The Internal Revenue Service has declared Katuah Journal a non-prolil organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. All contributioos to Katuah Journal are deductible from personal income mx. Articles appearing in Ka1uah Journal may be reprinted in other publications with permission from the Katuah Journal siaff. Contact the journal in writing or call (704) 754-6097. ..... . ...,.... ,.. ., ,<'o .,..l.\..,,>" o'\J\),~ ...,to-~ ., ~~'"' .,... ( _., ... ~· ,,,.:~ ,.. . .,._ • ... . .r••••· · .. ., t: · --t··-------- --'.••! I - J. - - - - - - - - - - "" - .,.,,•., . •: , 6';-,. \- . ' I 1,....._··,•• _,,.A: ~..,·:·.....J..,·. .. · .. . -, .... ... ••• ••r'f'· . , .., •..->4·· , - .. ,' ,..,_ ,., •_.... _ _ . •~.. ..;-•.._....,_ -- , ;•• .,.•.~····:!,-" · ... .,__.. , · . --: ' .•... ..,/.:-=---- --- ----:-:,...-i~- ----- - ,.,-::..· : _ ---- Lee Barnes . -~· ,,,- ' ... ~ - -.. . -.. . ,_,.,, ,-' . .••_....;.• ••--!· : .;.;J Heather Blair Jesse Jones Rob Messick David Wheeler ( \ -------- ---~, STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Here, in the Katuah Province of these ancient Appalachian mountains where once 1he Cherokee Nation lived in freedom between the Tennessee River Valley and the Eastern Piedmont between the Valley of the Roanoke and the Soulhem Plain on this Tunle Island continent of Mother Ela. the Eanh Here, In this place we dedicate ourselves to remembering our deep connection to the spirit of lhe land. We bring this connection into lhe being and the doing of our daily lives When the land speaks, we listen and we act We tune our lives to the changes, to the seasons We respect the limits of the land We preserve, defend, and restore the land We give thanks for all that is good Harmony with the land is no longer an ideal; it is an imperative. The land is a living being. She is sacred. As the land lives, so do we. As the spirit of the land is diminished, our spirits are diminished as well. 'LNVOCA.'JWN Oh, trees, Dear sisters and brothers, We stand here To honor you. We acknowledge our kinship to you. We are because you are. You are a part of us, And we are a part of you. We revere your life-giving gifts, Your beauty and your chemistry, Your stability and flexibility. We cherish your life And feel blessed to live with you. Karuah Journal sends a voice... with articles, stories, poems, and artwork we speak to the spirit of all the living, breathing inhabitants of these mountains in hopes that we, lhe human beings, may find our place in this Great Life. The Editors KATUAH JOURNAL wants ro comm1111icare yo11r tltoughts and feelings 10 the other people in the bioregional province. Send them to LIS as leuers, poems, stories, arricles, drawings, or photographs, ere. Please send your contribwions 10 11s at: Kafliah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323: Lenoir, NC Karuah Province 286-15. OUR NEXT ISSUE will be on "Bio-visions" or graphic art representations of what the bioregion is and what it could be. Images will be the language of this issue. Your contribution is requested. Deadline is November 15th, 1992. Send to Rob Messick; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645. THE SPRING ISSUE will be dedicated to sustainable tourism and transport, including green alternatives to uavel. The deadline is February 1st, 1993. OUR LAST ISSUE will be an index to the 38 issues of Katuah Journal, and a listing of bioregional organizations. '.Katimh Journa! pti9e 2 f'aU:, 1992 �(c:ontinUc4 flOltl pqa I) years ago (and to a great extent they arc members of the same families), but the relative percentage of those working with forest products has shrunk as the region's population and employment in other sectors has increased. Today the land-based occupations have faded from their former prominence in the regional economy. The rapacious timber barons arc gone, but the logging companies still arc often seen as the villains in local national forest land use controversies, as logging is the primary on-the-ground activity destroying the old growth forest and degrading native habitats. Logging frequently causes environmental damage on private lands as well. At best a logging site is messy and ugly for some years after the wodc is completed, but poor silviculture and careless cutting practices can leave a poor mix of unhealthy ~ . compacted and eroded soil, herbicide poisoning, and silted creeks. However, we cannot simply wish away wood use, one of our primary land-based occupations. Mountains, forests, rocks, and clear running water are what exist naturally in this place. If we arc going to grow a society that is bioregional, tied closely to the land and based on natural cycles, it will be nourished on food grown in our own fields and orchards. If we arc going to build a regional economy here, it will be built - like that of the early white mountain people - largely of wood. We must restore these "primary industries." Our central challenge in finding our place in any region is: can we live in a good relation with the land? In the Katuah bioregional province, this increasingly comes back to us as the question: working in a right way, can we use wood? In this issue of the Katuah Journal we look at how we arc using the mountain hardwoods. We will examine the wood products industry working in the upland forests today, partly to gain a better understanding of a powerful force in the region's economic and political landscape, but also to sec what changes we must make to create a beneficial and harmonious forestry that could be of benefit to all. The first school of forestry was founded here in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. It would only be right for the Southern Appalachians to be the place where we start over and create another school of forestry practice, this one based on the region's native vegetation and natural patterns of growth. Such a field - or forest - of endeavor, done rightly, could be of positive ecological benefit to the bioregion. It could also be a paradigm for a healthy society. "Putting down roots" is the first prerequisite of biorcgional consciousness. When we arc really here, truly aware, we live with future generations in mind. The trees grow from 150 to 500 years in age, or five to 16 human generations. Thinking in those terms would cenainly transfonn our relationship with the land. To people measuring their lives in this time frame, it would be absurd 10 degrade or destroy their - and their descendants' - natural TaCL, 1992 Phoro by Rob Messiclc life suppon processes for the sake of shon-term gain. They would be as unlikely to "high-grade" the forest (cut the best trees and leave the inferior stock) as to pave it over for another shopping mall. To these people, it would also be patently obvious that they should defend the life web from all hann, whether it be the insidious intrusion of atmospheric pollution or disruptive activities . by their fellow humans. When we arc really here, truly aware, we also see the breadth and depth of relationships that keep this land alive. Biodiversity, this is called. The trees arc not the forest, but they arc the greatest plants that grow there. It takes a balancing of myriads of lives, many of them great, many more of them infinitesimally small, to create each living tree. An ecologically realistic viewpoint would see each tree as a culmination of these dynamic relationships. Tall buckeyes and stout beeches are not isolated phenomena that can be divorced from their surroundings. They are integral partS of their life community, and true forestry nunures the health and balance of the whole community to promote the health and growth of its trees. We can learn from true foresters what they learn from the trees: stand tall, grow slowly, develop strong roots, be open to both rain and sun, be green, be of service. Gregory Bateson, who combined careers in biology, anthropology, and psychiatry and is thought by many to be one of the great thinkers of the 20th century, was fond of retelling this story from England: "New College, Oxford, is of rather late foundation, hence the name. It was probably founded around the late 16th century. It has, like other colleges, a great dining hall with big oak beams across the top. These might be eighteen inches square, twenty feet long. "Some five to ten years ago, so I am told, some busy entomologist went up into· the roof of the dining hall with a penknife and poked at the beams and found that they were full of beetles. This was reponed to the College Council, who met in some dismay, because where would they get beams of that caliber nowadays? "One of the Junior Fellows stuck his neck out and suggested that there might be on College lands some oak. These colleges arc endowed with pieces of land scattered across the country. So they called in the College Forester, who of course had not been near the college itself for some years. and asked him about oaks. "And he pulled his forelock and said, 'Well sirs, we was wondrin' when you'd be askin'.' "Upon funher inquiry it was discovered that when the College was founded, a grove of oaks had been planted to replace the beams in the dining hall when they became bcetly, because oak beams always become bcetly in the end. This plan had been passed down from one Forester to the next for four hundred years: 'You don't cut them oaks. Them's for the College Hall.'" "A nice story. That's the way to run a culture," Gregory Bateson would comment . ne F.Alitrrs New Colugutory q/lQlff wllli pm,tissionfr- / ~Nes1 Whole Eanh Catalog (1980). x.at.i&ah Journal pMJe 3 �APPAL?\CHr~N , by Lee Barnes The original forests of the Southern Appalachian Mountains contained the greatest diversity of hardwood trees on the con?nent. The majority of the Southern Appalachian trees are hardwood species, with interspersed stands of softwoods, primarily hemlock and pine. These forests occur in natural associations: Upland Hardwood Forest (oaks, hickories, and other species), Cove Hardwood Forest (yellow poplar, ash, red maple, basswood, and other species), Oak-Pine Forest mixtures, Boreal Hardwood Forest (Birch, beech, sugar maple and associated species), and high-altitude Spruce-Fir Forests, which occur in almost pure stands at elevations above 6000 feet. The Spruce-Fir forests are currently under rapid decline due to insect attack and atmospheric pollution. Prior to the twentieth century, the American chestnut was a dominant species in the mid-elevation forests. In 1909, American chestnuts were estimated to compose an average 27% of the trees in the entire Appalachian forest. As late as 1925, 43% of the trees in Buncombe County, NC were chesmuts. Following the introduction of the chestnut blight in the early 1900's, chestn~t trees were eliminated during a 30 year penod as a dominant forest canopy, timber, and important mast tree (one producing wild nuts of acorns). While chestnut root sprouts and seedlings are still occasionally seen in the forest understory, lhese only grow for 10-20 years and then die. Historically, Native Americans used wildfires to modify the forest by clearing shrub tinderstories 10 increase habitat and browse for game animals, especially deer and bear. Fire was used to clear harvested com fields of weeds and insect pests, and to return nutrients to the stream-bottom fields. Forest trees provided the native inhabitants with edible fruits and nuts, medicinals and ceremonial and construction woods. Th~ natural properties of individual woods were well known and utilized by the Indians. For the Indians, each tree, each plant had its parpose - its blessing. Several types of wood were sacred to the Indians, and were not cut or damaged except for ceremonial uses. Ceremonial prayers, gifts, and thanks always accompanied the "taking" of plants and animals. The noted anthropologist James Moody recorded many of the uses and rituals associated with plants native to the southern Appalachians, noting that eastern red cedar was the most.sacred tree to the Cherokees. European settlers entered Western North Carolina forests in large numbers between 1790 and the 1820's. The dense forests were considered as a hindrance by the Xatt'.uin Jou.rnaf; page 4 early settlers who needed sunlight for their domestic crops. Small fields were prepared for planting by killi~g the trees by_ "~rdling," cutting through the mner layer of livmg cells all around the trunk. First season crops were often planted between the leafless girdled trees, which were later cut for household fires or burned in field-side piles. The first settlers had only hand tools such as falling saws and falling axes, and perhaps, a broad axe for trimming and making rough boards. Early homes were built of logs or rough timber, with sawn lumber used primarily for coffins. The surrounding forestS provided.the settlers with wood for fuel. timber, utensils, bowls, and baskets. The settlers quickly learned from the Indians which woods were best for particular purposes. Metal tools were rare and . expensive, so many of the parts for sunple tools and machinery were made from wood. The original forests provided abundant"mast for free-ranging hogs and game animals. Hog and bear meat was best in the fall after the animals browsed on the nutS and acorns, particularly chestnuts, scattered on the forest floor. After clearing lands for homestead and agricultural parposes, the early settlers "high-graded" (cut the best of) the more valuable hardwoods for their own use and the local market. Woods such as black walnut, butternut, white oak and cherry were cut and dragged out of the forest by oxen_ and ho~es. The most desirable trees, those with supenor characteristics (size, straightness of trunk, freedom from excessive lower branches etc.) were cut first from the forestS, with no thought to the loss of gen~tically s~peryor seed-parents. This early ~1gh-grading 1 _s believed to have resulted in a decrease 10 genetically superior or "select" trees, while inferior trees were often left to release their seeds to create the next generation forest. Logging and lumber production in the Southern Mountains was accomplished using only hand tools until the late 1700's, when small-scale water driven "sash" or "gate" saws were introduced. These, too, gradually became obsolete after the introduction of steam-powered circular saws during the latter pan of the nineteenth century. Wood was dragged from the forest by horses, sometimes along constructed "pole roads" made of small diameter poles laid across the path. Logs were also "b~ooted," rolled and tumbled down the mountains, which was very damaging to the understory plants. Later, the horse dragging technique was modified to include specially constructed V-shaped troughs or water-driven flumes. Horses were used to start the downward momentum of the logs, but were hitched so that when sufficient momentum was gained, they could step aside onto "side-out" paths, and the logs would continue sliding down the mountain. Many logs were floated out o~ the . mountains along streams above wh.tch special "splash-dams" were constructed. The dams were built to entrap sufficient water to be quickly released through special flood-gates to flash-flood cut logs down streams where they were collected behind floating booms and then fed into sawmills. The splash dam technique was inefficient and very destructive to plant and animal life in the stream bed. But a shadow was looming over the mountains. Industrial progress was at hand. By the 1860's, the great forests of the northern and middle Atlantic states had been felled to build and fuel the rapidly developing Yan:, 1992 �t;OGGING COUl'IU)' Joraboro Museum. Washington Co1tt1ty TN East Coast cities, and large commercial steam-driven sawmills were slicing up the virgin forests of nonhern Pennsylvania. They were expanding into West Virginia by the 1870's. By the turn of the twentieth century, the original forests in Maine and the Great Lakes states had also fallen before the saw. In 1855, the North Carolina Legislature granted a chaner to the Greenville and French Broad Railroad Co. (GFB RR) to consm.ict a rail line into Western Nonh Carolina. Actual track laying from Greenville, SC to points nonh and west began in 1873. The line reached Asheville Junction (then named "Best") in 1880, 10 years after the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. The imponant timber and pulp town of Canton, NC was established in 1883 following the extension of the railroad from Asheville. A new age of technology had arrived. Timber interests had spent the last decade buying up lands in the mountains. Now they lost no time in connecting their properties to the main railroad lines. In I 873 Ephraim Shay of Ohio had invented the Shay engine. This railroad engine had horizontally mounted, gear-driven wheels which allowed greater traction to pull heavy loads and climb slopes of nearly 60°. The Shay engine was reported to be able to pull itself back onto the tracts following minor derailments. This unique gear-driven engine was soon nicknamed "Sidewinder." With the introduction of the Shay engine, railroads could now access huge are3S of the mountain forests which had previously been closed to logging. The narrow-gauge logging railroad lines were never safe. Train wreaks were common, and were widely reponed and photographed. Many lives were lost due to :fa[L, 1992 run-away engines and major derailments. But they enabled timber barons to make fortunes in the mountain coves and hollers. To cut the logs coming off the little trains, the well-financed timber companies also installed large steam-driven band saws, which were capable of producing over 100 thousand board feet of lumber per day. Once, long ago, two men had typically sawn 100 sawn board feet in one day and water-powered mills had produced 1,000 board feet per day. The late 1880's saw the beginnings of the US Forest Service. The US Division of Forestry was created in 1881, at the urgings of forest specialists Charles Sargent and Gifford Pinchot, by President Grover Cleveland. The first "forest reserve" (predecessor to our current national forests) was established in 1891. The Organic Administration Act of 1897 defined the purposes of the forest reserves as "securing favorable conditions for water flow, and to furnish a continuous supply of timber for the use and necessities of the citizens of the United States." In 1911, the Weeks Acl authorized federal funding to acquire "forested, cut-over, or denuded lands within the watersheds of navigable streams..." The first national forestland in the east was the Pisgah National Forest which was established in 1916 from the land holdings of George Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt's widow sold the denuded land for $5 per acre, after previously selling the timber rights for $12 per acre. Several associated railroads and logging companies co-developed in the Appalachian forests in the early 1900's. Numerous northern and foreign-financed logging companies quickly established themselves in the Southern Appalachians including Suncresl, Crestmont, Bemis Lumber Co., Ritter Lumber Co., Little River Lumber Co., Scottish Carolina Timber and Land Co., Champion Fiber Co., and dozens of smaller companies. Their output was tremendous. An estimated 1 billion board feet of lumber were cut by the Little River Lumber Co. at its Townsend, TN mill; 200 million board feet by a Ritter Co. mill at Proctor, NC; Champion produced 5 million board feet a month at Sunburst in Haywood County, NC; and The Perley and Crockeu Lumber Mill near Black Mountain, NC cut 250 million board feet. Wood too small for lumber was generally used for pulpwood - especially the softwoods, spruce and white pine. Champion Fiber Company's Sunburst community boasted the largest double-band sawmill in the region. Buih along the west fork of the Pigeon River above Canton, NC, the company town consisted of the sawmill, houses, pose office, schools, churches, and had rail passenger service lo and from Canton. Interviews with retired workers from that mill repon thal between 140,000 and 160,000 board feet of sawn lumber were produced daily during typical work days, with a one-day record of 250,000 board feet. The mill burned once in the early i 920's and then was completely destroyed by a massive fire in 1925, along with most of the railroad bridges, logging camps, and the surrounding mountainsides. Not only were the forests and mountainsides forever changed by the industrial logging, but so were the mountaineers, who in the three or four decades of the logging boom grew accustomed 10 steady employment and living a more contemporary lifestyle in the newly consm.icted milltowns. The mountaineers were introduced to electricity, phones, regular health services, community theaters, motion picture theaters, barber shops, and even soda fountains. During this period, a unique private School of Forestry developed. The Biltmore School of Forestry, founded by Dr. Carl Schenck, was the first organized school of modem forestry in the United States (informally founded in 1898 prior to the nation's first Forestry School at Yale University). Dr. Schenck based his lectures on forest management upon his experiences as a student in European forestry and his hands-on experience as the Chief Forester of the Vanderbilts' Pisgah Forest. Schenck was brought to America by George Vanderbilt to manage his newly acquired 125,000 acre forest. Schenck was a student of Sir Dietrich Brandis, one of the first modem European foresters, and succeeded Gifford Pinchot as Chief Forester at the Biltmore estate when Pinchot left to guide the political changes (continued on next page) :K.ati«m Jou.mat page S �were cut, the industrial timber interests set out for the west coast to continue their rampage. For decades after the boom was over, timbering in the Southern Appalachians was canied oo by small, local logging operations who picked over the scraps of forest the big companies had inadvertently missed. Through natural growth and the stewardship of the public lands by the US Forest Service, the forest is returning. Now it faces another crisis as it nears economic maturity once again. ln summary, our region's current publjc and private forests have been greatly modified by humankind, resulting in woodlands greatly changed in composition and character. Our philosophies on forest and wood-use must be expanded to encompass all the values of the forest - sustainability, lum1?Cr, habitat, species diversity, water quality, recreational and spiritual values. Historical destruction and modification of the original forests have resulted in our present forests which continue 10 be damaged by our over-consumption and lack of empathy with the forest's inhabitants. Photo US National Archive (continued from page 5) needed to establish the United States Division of Forestry. Through trial and error, Dr. Schenck discovered that modem forest management D?USt be unique to each specific forest and cucumstance. He continually not.ed that forestry techniques were lightly linked to the availability of inexpensive transportation. Schenck was the first teacher to link classr~m ~eo!Y with hands-on, practical expenence tn different forest settings, and took great care to establish and monitor e~erimental management techniques on different forest plots. He realized that forestry manage!Dent must include not only timber producnon but also mineral, wildlife (hunting and fi_shing) and recreational (hiking, c~pmg) management. Early studentS of The B_ ll~ore Forest School were soon widely clistnbu1ed among the Forest Service and held leadership roles in developing forestry programs for the state universities. About 1914 the steam-driven, "Clyde Overhead Skidder" was developed. This machine consisted of a reinforced. stationary tower-boom with huge cable reels connected to a movable double cable trolley system. Mile-long, 2 inch thick cables could be positioned to "skid" four or five logs up to 40 feet long nearly one mile through the woods to a loading area where they could then be loaded onto railroad cars for transpon to nearby sawmills. The steam-powered McGiffert Log Loader was capable of loading huge logs onto train cars. and even had the ability to "lift iLSelf by the bootstraps." Huge areas of forest were cut using these machines, which carelessly wreaked havoc upon small crees and other vegetation in the drag-lanes. It was reported that one skidder remained working at the same site on Sam's Knob above Sunburst for two years. While huge quantities of timber were >Cat.uah )ournm page 6 removed using overhead skidders, these foreslS were often later scarred by huge forest fires, _often started _by SJ?arks from the heavy machinery, or by lightmng, or deliberately set fires (caused by displaced bootleggers, it was sometimes said) which raced through the slash left behind the logging operations. The massive grassy balds in Shining Rock Wilderness Area, along the Blue Ridge Parkway above Canton, are the result of skidder logging followed by a great frre in 1925. There are reports of fires burning continuously for three weeks. One logger stated that "they burned up more timber than they ever cut." The great fires of the industrial logging period influenced to this day the plant and animal associations found in the Southern Appalachians. When the last stands of the great trees We must see our southern forests as more than a timber base in order 10 realize th~ir full value. Our remaining public and pnvate forests are not just timber and mineral resources. These forests are the biological reservoirs of the land. Woodlands are the lungs and kidneys of the planet, producing oxygen, and cleansing the air we breath and the waters we drink. The forests are our region's greatest biological asset. They need to be managed for the benefit of all species. The living forests shelter us all. They must provide for our need for wood, but they must also proteet the biological diversity which can never be replaced. The sustainability of o ~ forests is everyone's responsibility. ~ Lee Barnes is a botanist and an avid backpacker who has hiked over a thousand miles in the Smokies, including over a hundred miles along trails which were once railroad grades (although he prefers trails through old growrhforests ). �OLD LOGGING DAYS by Frank Hodgin When I was young we lived on Canoogcchayc Creek in Macon County, NC, My daddy was gone, and my mother took care of us children. She never took a job. She just took care of the house and helped us in the fields. We all worked. There's no mistake about it. We all had a job. After school, we'd go to the corn field and work there until dark. If we got behind in the hoeing, I would stay home from school for a day or two and get caught up. That's the way it went. When I was about 14 years old, I swapped our mule for a horse, swapped that horse for a yoke of cattle, and went to work in the woods. I got a wagon, and I hauled telephone poles, "acid wood" (wood like chestnut or red oak from which tannic acid was extracted to use in tanning leather - ed.), and pulp wood. I had to haul it eiiht miles. The other kids and I would go up into the mountains, cue a load in one day, get it on the wagon, and bring it home. The next day I would drive it into town. I'd get back late in the evening and the next day we would cut another load, unless we had quit a few days to work a crop. That was how we bought our coffee, sugar, and the other linle things we needed. When I turned 15 years old, I went to work for a man who had bought a boundary of telephone poles on the government property up in the mountains above our house. l was making $1.25 for 10 hours of work a day. Lord, I thought I was making money. The owner had three yoke of cattle, and not long after I started working for him, the man who was driving cattle for him quit. He let me try driving 'cm, and those cattle and I got along real well together. I got in some tight places, but I never let one of his animals get hun, and I got his telephone poles out. He had a man doing the cutting, and that man would help me rig 'cm. I drove them out to the main road, where they were loaded onto a wagon and hauled to the station where they would put 'cm on railroad cars. I could make two trips a day, carrying five or six poles in each load. When I was 17 years old and of pretty good size, the Blackwood Lumber Company started cutting timber here. My brother and I went to work for Blackwood. We worked for them for years. I worked for the company longer than he did, off and on. I worked through to the back end of "Canady" (Little Canada - the headwaters of the north fork of the Tuckasegee River - ed.), and all over Rough Butt and Piney Mountain. We stayed in their logging camp back up in the woods. It was a big camp with 75 or80 men. Most of the time I drove a team for 'em, skidding logs. We'd get up at 5:30, feed the horses, put the harness on 'em, and at 6:00 a gong rnng for breakfast. At 7:00 the camp foremen turned us out into the woods. We worked all the time. If you didn't work, you didn't stay. We worked differently than the way they do now. There weren't any coffee breaks. We worked from 7:00until 12:00. We had until 1:00offfor 'FPCL, 1992 lunch, and then we worked until 6:00 that evening. It usually took about an hour to get back to camp. We would cat supper, and then the teamsters had to water their horses, curry 'em down, and put in plenty of hay. We Counuy of lhc Atchives of Appaltchia. ETSU didn't have time to relax or do anything after supper, we just went to bed, because at 5:30 the next morning they rang a gong to get the teamsters out of bed and back to the barn again. They always turned us loose at 4:00 on Saturday. They gave us two hours off on Saturday, and we didn't work on Sunday. It took a whole day to travel to Macon County, so we would usually stay at camp for a month or six weeks at a rime before we would go back home. Lacer on, I got married, and we moved to Caney Fork. Then I would walk home through the mountains every weekend. There were trails all through these mounuuns then. In the camp, we lived in long wooden shacks. They had double bunks on each side for the men to sleep in. The kitchen was built off one of the shacks. It was a long building with two long tables running the length of it. Most of the time the tables was just as full of men as they could be. They had good cooks, and whatever you wanted to eat, they had it on the table. For breakfast, they had ham and eggs, and biscuits. They'd have flapjacks, and they made gravy every morning. They'd make fried 'taters, and that gravy would go over 'cm, and there was applesauce on the side. They had peaches, they had jelly, and all kinds of meats on the table. It was good food, but it cost $1.00 a day. Of the $3.00 I made every day, I bad to pay $ LOO for board. That left me $2.00 in wages. Of course, if we stayed in camp on Sunday, we still had to pay for board, so when I stayed over, I made only$ 1.00 for my work on Monday. At lunchtime, if we were close enough to the camp we would go back for lunch. But up on Caney Fork, when we were away from camp, they would load the lunch on a railroad car and a "cookie" from the kitchen brought it out and set it all out in the woods - just like we were having a picnic. After everybody had eaten, he would gather up the dishes, and 1918 after they had loaded the car, he would set all his equipment on the back and ride out. Or perhaps he would walk out, because they ran those trains fast, and sometimes they would jump the track. It was dangerous driving one of those narrow-gauge trains. If one went off the track, it would tear up creation. Sometimes I drove oxen. Sometimes I drove horses. I'd drive six of them - three yokes. The biggest log I ever skidded was a 14 foot log that had 2700 board feet of lumber in it. It was bigger around lhan I was tall. There used to be some big timber in these mountains. I usually hauled a seven-log rig. I'd set the logs up in a line behind the teams. The front log had two J-grabs on it, so that if the logs started to run, you could turn your horses out of the road, the spread hooks would slip off, and the logs would go on by. Sometimes they'd leave the road, and it would be a time getting 'em back on if the ground was slick and icy. They'd get all tangled up, break loose, spread all over the mountain. That was some "rough doin'." I have seen it foul up - logs. horses, and all - and go over the bank. That didn't feel good when I saw what happened. It hun the horses. Some of 'cm got skinned up pretty badly. Some of 'em would get crippled, and they would have to kill 'em. Of course the company didn't care, they had insurance on 'em. I've been in lots of close places. A lot of times the logs would crowd me against a (continued on next page) X.Otuc:an Journot pOCJ", 7 �(continued from page 7) tree or a rock cliff. I had just one chance then. We wore cork boots (with sruds on the bottom - ed.), and I'd jump up on a log and jump off on the other side. Then when I got past the bad spot, I could cross back. It never got too rough to slow down. It didn't matter how deep the snow was or how thlck the ice was, we went out just the same. The foreman would turn us out on a rainy day just like on a good one. We could come back in if we wanted to, and he Most camps weren't as big as ours. Camps usually bunked 30-60 men. There weren't just timber cutters and teamsters. There were a lot of other jobs to do. Back then, they didn't have a bulldozer to make the roads, they made 'em with manpower. They took picks and shovels and dug 'em out The men who worked on the roads were called "road monkeys." They all had manocks and shovels. Where there was rock, they had to blow it out with dynamite. They had one crew that did the drilling and the shooting. Cowtcsy of the Arcluves ol Appal&ehia; ETSU wouldn't say anything about it; it was his job to turn us out, but if we wanted to work, that was up to us. It never got too muddy or too slick to haul the wood out. The railroad would run in any kind of weather. I skinned logs many a time when the road wasn't anything but a sheet of blue ice. It was dangerous. Back then, 1 was young, and didn't pay any attention to it, but looking back on it now, I can see those dangerous places, and it makes me tremble sometimes to think of some of the places I got into. I drove cattle and horses nearly all my life. I've been in some of the roughest places a man can put a team, but I never did get one hurt l guess 1 had enough practice at it. I followed 'em for years. I've worked some real good horses, and I've worked some that were as mean as they could be. Of course, if I got of one of those bad teams, I wouldn't stay long. I'd just move out. I'd go somewhere else, or I'd stay out a day or two and come back and get a different team. I'd haul the logs out of the forest to the narrow-gauge railroad where they would pick 'em up. The narrow-gauge train pulled about five cars, and it would bring the logs down to the top of Indian Camp Branch, where there was a big skidder. They called it the "drop out machine." It would book to one car at a time, and lower it down over a waterfall to the main line. They would unload the wood, give a signal, and the skidder would pull the empty car back and book onto another load. The wood went down the main line to East LaPone, at the bonom of Caney Fork where it joins the Tuckasegee River. Blackwood had two band mills down there. Each of them would cut 30,000 feet per day. That took a lot of logs. Xotiuih Journat p~ B Back at camp there was a saw filer who stayed at the saw-filing shack. In the evening, the cuners took their saws to the shack, and the next morning he gave them sharp saws to take out. There were cooks, and one feller caUed the "lobby hog" who would make up the beds in the morning and would get the wood in and keep the fires burning in the winter. He would get up early in the morning and build a fire to get everything warm before the men got up. They would generally run about five or six sawing crews. They would cut those big trees with that old cross-cut saw, the "misery whip." That's some rough work. Back then they just took the best timber. It had to be number one material. They would get two logs off some trees, but most of the time they would just cut one good log off and leave the rest to rot That's just the way they logged back then. They wasted more timber than they cut. They liked yellow poplar and what they called mountain oak. Of course, they would cut everything big enough to make a log white oak, black oak, basswood, maple, whatever it was. There were a few white pine trees and a linle hemlock up that way, but the yellow poplar and the mountain oaks would bring more money than any other kinds. Working in that big timber was dangerous, no mistake about it Sometimes a man would get bun, and every once in a while, a man would be killed, but not often. It was usually somebody who didn't understand how a tree was going to bust We had a few killed. Someone cutting that oak timber had to know just how to put a lead in it and how to saw it. Otherwise, it would " slab up," break off way up high, and part of that tree would head straight for the ground. If a man wasn't out of the way, it was just too bad. Three men worked on each cutting crew. One man did the "chipping" and the "measuring off." The other two didn't do anything but saw. Almost every tree leans just a little. The chipper had an axe, and he kept it sharp as a razor. He would cut a big notch in the tree right under that lean, 10 or 14 inches deep in a big tree, and then he would stand back and keep watch while the others began sawing behind the notch and cut the tree down from behind. When the tree hit the ground, the chipper measured off the logs they could get off it, and the cutters would saw them off while the chipper started chopping a lead in another tree. People were killed by falling limbs, too. Sometimes while they were cutting a tree, a dead limb would come off and would catch somewhere high in the branches. If they were lucky, they could go cut another tree, and it would come loose and fall. But they couldn't walk off and leave a tree. Eventually they had to go back and get it. The chipper would watch out for the cutters while they sawed the tree and got out. Sometimes, though, it wouldn't be five minutes before the dead limb would fall, and the cutters would have to dive out of the way. People got killed that way, not getting out from under a limb. They had a timber foreman, a road foreman, and a foreman in charge of the whole camp. The big bosses stayed down in the company offices at East LaPone, where the mill was. There's very little down there now, but East LaPorte was a mill town back then. There were more than 100 houses for the people who lived and worked there. The houses went up to the top of the ridge. They had a store down there, but they also had commissaries all up Caney Porlc for the working people. We would buy goods with scrip notes that the company issued. They would give us as much scrip as we wanted and then take it out of our checks down at the the main office. The commissaries had groceries, tools, shoes, boots, clothes - anything a person wanted. It was like a general store. They weren't more expensive than the Sylva Supply store in town. They were just about like any of the stores. Logging has changed a lot since my time. They don't do it now like we were doing it. It used to be an old cross-cut and "get 'em the hard way," but now it's all done with bulldozers, skidders, and chain saws. Chain saws started coming in during the forties. I bought my first chain saw in 1951 or 1952. Early on, some of 'em worked, and some of 'em were mighty sorry. Most of the early ones were two-man saws. They were big ones. They worked pretty well, but they were hard to carry through the woods. We used that kind until the companies put out the one-man chain saw. They were heavy when they first came out, but the loggers still thought they were bener than pulling on the cross-cut all day. They have improved on them a lot since they first staned making them. Things have gotten a little easier, anyway. Those old loggers, they sure had a time. ~ 1'aU, 1992 �WORKING THE WOODLANDS by David Wheeler Western North Carolilltl is abour 76% forest. What we do, how we manage these f oresrs - or how we mismanage them determines our destiny. We can't drill for oil; we can't catch sabrwn; we can't grow wheat. Forests are what we've got. - Charles Woodard,foresrer Looking out from over a high cliff in Katuah Province, one's vision moves across sweeps of green-mantled mountains flowing out to the horizon. Trees in such number and such variety are seen in few other places in the world. It is clear that lhe natural growth in this bioregion is forest. If left to grow, the old hills would be covered almost completely with a bewildering variety of tall trees and the wide diversity of other plant and animal species associated with them. Great and small, each species contributes to the health of lhe forest and makes it what it is. We are positioned between the warm Gulf air currents to the south, and the cold Canadian air currents to the north. The land climbs more than 5,000 feet in elevation change. In some parts of the region rainfall is 40 inches per year, while in others it is more than 90. The wide variety of influences causes a wide diversity of species. More than 140 species of trees are known here. There are, of course, all grades of sites, but on good sites many species of trees find their highest expression in the Blue Ridge. In 1901, H.B. Ayres and W.W. Ashe were sent by the federal government to inventory the Southern Appalachian forest. Of the area around the Great Smoky Mountains, they wrote: "The forests are chiefly of hardwoods, with a large amount of coniferous growth around lhe higher summits and in the deep, cool hollows. On the drier slopes, and especially on the south sides, oak and chestnut form the greater part of the timber, with some black and yellow pine on the ridges. The timber in the hollows is more varied and the stand is heavier, poplar, birch, Jinn, and buckeye being associated with the oak and chestnut. The finest and largest bodies of spruce in the southern Appalachians occur here, along the crest of the ridge and the north slope... " Just as the trees are a central feature of the ecology of the area, they have also historically been a central feature in the lives of the people who lived close to the land. And if we are to re-establish a balanced habitation of this area once again, our relationship with the trees will again be a primary fact of our ex.istence here. Seventy percent of the Southern Appalachian lands are still in forest. Some people hazard the guess that more land is in forest now than 100 years ago when each family had to clear off the acres they needed to grow all their own food. Many of the trees growing in the mountains are hardwoods. f"aU, 1992 Photo US National Archive Since the loss of the American chestnut from the forest canopy, yellow poplar is the most common species, though it does not dominate the region as the mighty chestnut once did. Sixty-four percent of the region is considered "timberland," which is technically defined as sites that would suppon timber utilization. By US Forest Service estimates, there are 16.7 billion cubic feet of "growing stock" (trees that are of a size to produce sawtimber) in the region. There is an estimated 54.6 billion board feet of sawtimber growing in the region according to the latest Forest Service surveys. With the mild climate, abundant rainfall, and dark forest soils, this bioregion is well situated to produce quality sawtimber. For the region, that is a blessing and a curse. For as long as they have been here, people have used wood from the forest trees sometimes carefully, sometimes in a manner that was wantonly destructive. The forest is only now recovering from the onslaught of industrial capital which ravaged the area in search of precious big timber at the turn of the century. The timber barons looted the region both economically and ecologically, and when their plundering was done they fled with their wealth to pillage elsewhere. The timber industry of today is making a positive economic contribution to the region, but often at the expense of environmental integrity - an expensive price. Logging and roadbuilding in the national forests penetrates into the last old growth stands left in the mountains and cuts t0 the bean of the last great habitat area left in the southeastern forest zone. Papennaking pays some of the highest wages in the region, but the Champion mi11 in the town of Canton is killing the Pigeon River with a toxic effluent that contains the deadly chemical compound dioxin. According to latest Forest Service surveys of the region, the industry is annually cutting 747,520,000 board feet (bf) of sawtimber, 1,851,000 cords of pulpwood, and wood for manufacturing 24,332,000 board feet of composite board. Wood is also cut for poles, fence postS, and a resurgent firewood trade. According to North Carolina State University's College of Forest Resources, the value of the timber cut in western North Carolina alone equals $129,231,000. This timber, according to Bureau of the Census figures for 1988, supported 51,354 employees in lumber and wood productS, furniture, and paper-making occupation's in the region. This was 7% of the employment in the whole region. High-grade hardwood sawtimber from the Southern Appalachian forests goes mostly to making furniture, lumber, facing veneers, and ornamental moundings. Some is exported overseas, largely to foreign furniture plantS. Lower-grade hardwoods go into the inside layers of plywood, flooring, pallets, railroad ties, and mine supports. Chips from small or poor quality trees are used in making oriented strand board and pulped for paper, paperboard, and coated stock. (continued on page 11) :K.cituan Journat PCMJe 9 �,,,l:1 'PhtIT ..:rmi1 1:,3wl '{d Juo lllguod ~-J,f 1''tti ~, T" ~;J•, :,~iif·... & n.- bid ru;:i 1ol1C1J11o:J lli:.m?. 11 '{t.UOJ n~•,, bna '-· ., .. ,.. .,,, ;. ,.. , with employment and earnings in the lumber fon:ed to zero. Lumber was chosen since it provides the raw material for fumilUIC and paper. Furniture and paper were not forced to zero values in the Model This is a well established Slalistical teehnique for answering "what ii" types of questions as the one posed here, but it should be in no way taken to mean that the author advocates the elimination or the lumber industry in any way. • On average, lOl3I earnings in the region would decline by over one percent if the lumber industry were losL Disposable per capita income would decline by almost as much. The most affected industry would be paper with losses in earnings and employment in lumbt:r on other industries as captured by the Model, Lotal employment in manufacturing in Western North Carolina would decline approximately two pcrcenL While these losses may not seem great, they are the stuff of strong recessions if comparable losses were to occur at the national level. br" ,f:,n,i,'\ qv Ilg, ri->ti! bl"JI ?Ir,:>.,.,,.,..,.,,, Wood Products and Western North Carolina by Dr. John Wade (about 200) over this time period. (In other words. the increase in fumilUrC (300 jobs) and lumber (400.jobs) arc more than offset by the losses in paper industry jobs.) A beuer picture of job trends in these throe wood products industries can be had by looking at the relative position of these industries to the toial picture in Western Nonh Carolina, as seen in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows the disparity in job growth in the wood producis industry (lumber, furniture and paper combined) and agricultural occupations with the rest of Wesiem North Carolina. The numbers used in the graph do not represent actual numbers of jobs. Rather. the sectors have been indexed, so they all sharc a common starting point in 1969 that is set equal to one. This is done so that change in the different sectors can be pictured on the same graph. · Total employment in Western Nonh Carolina and employment in the service industry is much greater than in agriculture and wood producis. For example, in 1988 there was a total of slightly over 400,000 jobs in the region of which 16,240 jobs (or 4%) were in the wood products industries. The values on the vertical axis show the percentage change in employment over time. Employment in the service sector has grown by almost 70 percent between 1969 and 1988. Toial employmenl has increased by about 55 percent. In comparison, wood products jobs have been quiie stagnant, evidencing no growth during this time Depanmenr of Economics and F'JNl'IU, School ofBu.rincn, Wcsran Carolina University The trend of the~ few decades towards growing environmenial awareness in the United SUIICS has engulfed Western Nonh Carolina and made some of iis lnldilional industties controversial. An excellent example is in the wood producis area whose lumbering practices have come wider increasing scrutiny from environmentalists. Here we take a two-fold look at the wood producis industries (which are comprised of the lumber, fumitwe and paper industries). F'USl, historical data for employment &om the WNC Ecooometric Model at Western Carolina University and which is fwided by Tennessee Valley Authority is presented to place these industries' role in Western North Carolina economy in perspective. Second, simulations from the Model arc used 10 answer some what if type of questions such as what impact does lumber have on the Western North Carolina economy? EMPLOYMENT TRENDS Figure ] depicts employment in the three wood products industries in Weslern North Carolina Io all three, employment is quite cyclical or sensitive to downturns in economic activity, although paper is somewhat mOR stable than its wood products couoterpans. Although paper employment is stable, it shows a Sleady decline in jobs from over 5700 in 1969 to slightly more than 4700 jobs in 1988, a loss of approximately 1000 jobs. The loss of jobs in paper is economically significant since jobs in the paper indusuy are some of the highest paying manufacturing jobs in the area In fact, none of the wood i-ooucts industries in Weste.m Nonh Carolina could be characterized as a growth iodusuy as far as number of jobs is concerned. The entire group experienced a slight loss in jobs CONCLUSJONS Wood products are a significant pan of the Wesiern North Carolina economy, although their importance is slowly diminishing as fastu growing sectors of the regional economy continue to expand. The regional economy bas already been hun by the loss of jobs in the paper industry which arc among the highest paying in manufacturing. The source of dala for lhis article is lhe Western North Carolina Economclric Model maintained by Professor Wilk al We5tem Carolina Univemty under conlJ'aet &om lhe T"'11\C$SCC Valley Aulhority. The Model cons.isl$ of over 80 equations designed lo show lhc interrelationships among seciors in Western North Carolina Ind between seciors in Wutem Nonh Carolina and lhc TVA md nalion.aJ economics. The UNWlCC of Edward Su=u is grarefully period. "WHAT IF?" CONSIDERATIONS aclcnowledgcd. The views md conclusions in !his article do not nccasarily rellect lhosc of lhe TVA. The Western North Carolina Econometric Model can also be used to answer "what ii" typeS of questions. To further ascertain the value of the wood products industries to Western North Carolina, the Model was used to simulate the regional economy WNC EMPLOYMENT For lhe pwposcs of lhis article Western Nonh Carolina is defined u the fiftu:n counties of Nonh ..,~ Carolina in lhc Tcnnasee Valley watershed. fr INDEXED WNC EMPLOYMENT FURNITURE, LUMBER & PAPER: :1969-1988 BASE YEAR 1969 1.1·~-----------------------, 1.o+-- - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - -7"--i 1.5•-+--- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - --:7':~--1 1.4.l----- -- - -- - - - ---------,,....,11:-----1 1.3+-- - -- -- - -";p;'e:.i!i::::~~~=--- ----l 1.2+ - - -- -- ---1iil~~~~- =----=:::::::ra,;:----I +--- -~~~--1--~ __.,l!l:::ll!~~ ~---=-'""=-..llb.--Di 1.1 0.9·+ - ..?:::.;,j:.......::..__ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ --1 0 .81.J......-.--,---,--,--,----,---,,--,-,---r--.--..-----.---,--,.--,---r---.--.-' 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 YEARS Figure I. Xat-1'.iah Jou.mat pQCJe 10 1984 1987 1-- 1972 SERVICES 1975 1978 YEARS 1981 1984 1987 - - TOTAL EMP. ---- WOOD PRO. -e- AG~I. Figure 2. 1-"0U., 1992 �(continued mxn page 9) Nearly 50% of the furniture manufacturers in the United States and the same percentage of the hardwood plywood and veneer manufacturing operations are located within the five states that include the Katuah bioregion. Much of the furniture-making activity is concentrated on the North Carolina piedmont. That location was chosen because it was close to the mountains, which supply 65% of the industry's raw materials, but still on flat land and accessible to major trade routes. Columbia-Carolina Corporation located a plant in Marion. NC specifically to gain access to Appalachian yellow poplar for plywood manufacturing and now uses 28 million board feet wood per year. AFG Industries in Knoxville employs a large workforce making wooden containers. The Champion International plant in Haywood County is a major purchaser of pulpwood in itS area, and there is a Bowater Southern paper plant in McMinn County, TN and a Mead Company paper plant in Kingspon, TN. Federal Paperboard and a large Westvaco plant in Covington, VA utilize pulp to manufacture paperboard. Abitibi-Price Corporation makes hardboard siding at its Roaring River plant in Wilkes County, NC and Weyerhauser Company turns out more than 50,000 board feet of oriented strand board per day at its factory in Elkins, NC. Most of these companies are on the periphery of the Southern Appalachians and draw only part of their raw materials from the mountains. The smaller sawmills like the large operations for the added markets that they create for lower-grade material. Sawtimber companies, for example, do not like to cut puJpwood; but if they have to cut it, they want to be able to sell it. Charles Woodard, director of the industry group the MuJtiple Use Council, said, ''When we heard that Columbia Carolina was building a facility, everybody said, 'Hallelujah!' because they came for exactly what we were having a hard rime getting rid of - the low-grade poplar lumber." It is obvious that the pulp and chip sectors of the forest productS industry are dominated by the industrial giants. Reducing wood to biomass and processing it into productS is a question of moving huge volumes of material efficiently. This is a job best suited for large-scale, automated, energy-intensive machinery. The investment is substantial, and a high degree of regularity is required. This is the scale of economy at which the giant, centralized corporations like to keep their operations. Most of the smaller, independent companies cut and process sawrimber. This is less complicated and does not require large investments in sophisticated technologies. Sawtimbcr is still an important component of the mountain wood economy, and the wood products industry still retains much of its traditional autonomy and independence in the region. Of the 521 lumber and wood products companies listed for the Southern Appalachian region in the Department of Commerce's Counry Business Pa11erns, 66% employ less than 10 people, 92% employ less than 50. A small logging operation requires less capital than most business operations, J'tlft, 1992 and even today a small contractor can bid a timber sale and then ca1J up friends and family members to help cut it There still are part-time sawmills back in the hills that start up operation when the price of lumber is good, sell a bit, and then cease operation bought out by larger fums. "It's just like anything else. Those who do a good job, keep up with the technology, and keep track of market trends are going to do alright. "There probably some people who can Counesy Jone.sboro Museum, Washington County TN when the price goes down. The mountain forest produc1s industry seems to be generally in good health. There is stiff competition among furniture company buyers for Appalachian hardwood, and no company seems to have an undue advantage in setting prices. The timber industry in the mountains is itself quite decentralized. Most sawmills, for instance, are small to medium-sized by national standards. Many of them are family-owned. A sawmill that supports l 00 workers is viewed as a large operation in the Appalachians. For instance, among the biggest buyers of timber stumpage east of the Great Smoky Mountains are the Parton Lumber Company, T & S Hardwoods, and WNC Pallet. Parton employs 75 workers at the mill and works 80 loggers in the forest. T & S has 54 millworkers and 50 loggers working on contract WNC Pallet employs 120 people at their mill at Candler. AJthough they are independent and fiercely competitive among themselves, the Appalachian loggers and mill owners arc cJannish and as a group wield considerable economic and political power in the region. But changes arc happening within the forest products industry. Dr. Larry Jahn, associate professor in the Department of Wood and Paper Science at Nonh Carolina State University, says: "There are still many small, independently-owned mills operating in Nonh Carolina. However, th.e trend over the last 10-15 years is that operations which are inefficient or which don't adapt to new technologies either go out of business or are cut just for the local market and be successful at it, but the business has become more sophisticated. Operators have to keep tabs on what is happening, always be looking for market niches, and must keep a constant awareness that they are dealing in an inrernational market and must be producing the best product that they can. Because it's much more competitive than it was years ago. h's a tough business. It's very competitive." Loggers, too, arc feeling the same pressures. "It talces so much invesunent in this modem, mechanized equipment, the little feller can't afford to get into it. They are pressed to move a certain volume of wood, because insurance and mechanization costs are putting them in a real bind," says Frank Norris, publisher of the market bulletin Timber Mart South and a veteran forester of 50 years experience. "It's becoming more sophisticated all the time. It's surprising how many loggers...the wife runs a computer and does the bookkeeping for 'em. They don't do it off a paper sack anymore. "They have to go further for wood, and to run the highways now they have to have better trucks. So their costs have gone up quite a bit. "They're being squeezed between their costs and what they can get for their product, so they're going to have to be more efficient or more of 'em will go out. Both of those things are happening. That's the reason you see fewer of 'em in it There's quite a few less than there were 20 years ago." (continued on next page) X.cu:uah ) O\U'nCIC paCJe 11 �t I'• f":. ~ t•• • I • .... -·... l i;""!! (continued (mm page 11) Other changes are going on outside the industry that also affect its future. One of the most influential of these changes is in the growth of the population in the region and the shift in its composition. Currently, most of the growth in population is the result of in-migration from outside the bioregion. The newcomers bring with them new attitudes and different ideas - including different occupations and different approaches to land use. One of the strengths of the independent operators has been that, since the depanurc of the early timber interests in the 1930's, forest products work has been locally controlled. The people working in the industry today arc not the offspring of the timber barons, but arc much more likely to be descendants of the people who worked for them. In fact, the timber industry has become a bastion of economic support for the local people of the region. If the industry were to die, a lot of the local culture would die with it. Today, the strength in this stabiliiy may turn out to be a handicap. The regional economy is changing. As the graph on this page shows, regional employment is rising. The rise in employment in the service occupations is on the same curve, which suggests that it is this sector which is driving the upswing. But while total employment and employment in service jobs arc rising, the number of people working in the wood products jobs is holding steady. And while workers are more likely to be operating a band saw than pulling a crosscut saw in the woods, they arc likely to be members of the same families who have traditionally worked with wood. Thus, while employment in wood products jobs is staying even, their percent of influence in the changing economy of the mountain region is declining. "This change is oocwring panJy :l(otuah JournaL p<M)e 12 because of the changing mix of population ...Fewer people are working in agricultural jobs; more are employed in the government, service, and retail trade sectors. The number in manufacturing has increased slightly in the last decade, but it is a much smaller percentage of the total number holding jobs. There is now less employment in jobs dependent on forest products, such as wood, than in the past. Tourism, however, is an increasingly irnponam pan of the economy," wrote the authors of the Draft land and Resource Management Plan/or the Nantahala-Pisgah National Forests in 1985. Another aspect of the change in the region's population profile is the change in land ownership. The newcomers arc buying ll_P the land. Unlike the timber and pulp • 'c3rporations on the coastal plain who own their industrial forests, the mountain sawmills cut mostly on other people's land. In the past the landowners were fanners who depended on their woodlots to provide extra cash and so were glad to have them cut as soon as they were of sawlog size. Now people arc moving in who wish to escape from the industrial madness to a forest retreat. They arc well-to-do and want trees, not stumpage payments. This is sure to tighten the supply of timber in the region. What about the future? The agreement is unanimous that over the long term the demand for hardwoods, and thus their price, will only increase. High-grade sawtimber is especially desired. In the broad outlook. conditions are quite advantageous for the forest products trade. Locally, however, forecasts are that the amount of forest products operations that the region can suppon will shrink somewhat. And the shrinkage will take place in the number of the smaller companies that do not have strong financial backing. The corporate style of operation is not suited 10 the mountains - or anywhere in the natural world, for that matter. The smaller, more flexible timber companies have the potential for working in a way that is much more appropriate. The only question is whether the people in forest products occupations arc willing to adapt to the changes that are currently taking place. Replacing local people with newcomers who embody the new corporate attitudes is no solution. Working with wood offers a cultural reference point and a way local people can keep their place on the land. But exploitative attitudes toward the land, particularly when tranSlated into exploitative ways of working in the forest, will no longer suffice. It is not sustainable to support our species' life at the expense of the life of the land. Let us hope we can learn the lessons of ecology and put them to work. We want people to develop, not tum their backs o~'# their ties to this place. fr J'Alt, 1992 �Jj' ! 'J,1 DEPLETION FOR DOLLARS: THE ECONOMICS OF CHIP MILLS . · . i _ -·. ~J . . ( . .,,.:-_ • , :t... ,_ 1· ...,,-~ ., •l-Ao:~ . , ••.,.:-.~ ,..~_:,,;_ . '-!< • • -- . .: ~ . 1r-· · --- -- _-:.r.- The chip mill issue can be framed as a question of how to utilize the Tennessee River Valley region's forest resources to the best advantage of its residents. One option is to maintain the health of the established hardwood industry by keeping out the remote chip mills. This existing option can be characterized as an environmentally acceptable and sustainable system whose market demand is based predominantly on regional economics. A second option, that of bringing in remote, high capacity chip mills, can be characterized as a mechanized, unacceptable, and regionally non-sustainable system whose marlcet demand is based essentially on global economics. Backlf'OUDd To understand the chip mill issue it is essential to understand the forest products industry structure and the resource base upon which it depends. There are basically two divisions of the industry: the solid wood segment - which requires a continuous supply of mature trees to supply lumber for manufactured goods; and the paper segment • which requires a maximum volume of wood fiber to manufacrure paper products. In order to insure a continuous supply of mature trees, the solid wood segment uses the environmentally sound practice of selective harvesting in which only the older trees are harvested from a site, and many middle-aged and young trccS are left for the next harvest in 15 to 20 years. The selective harvest method can be abused by "high grading," a practice in which only the best trees are taken and no cull cuts are made to insure that commercially valuable species will be available for the next cuL On the other hand, chip mills, in order to obtain maximum fiber volume at minimum cost for the paper industry, generally use the environmentally degrading clearcutting method, clearing all protective cover from the land. If reforestation is planned, it is done with bulldozers and herbicides to insure that f'aU, 1992 the new crop of commercial trees are "released." All chip mills are not the same. There are chip mills associated with sawmills and manufacturers which process mill and facrory "residues" so that they can be utilized as "residue chips" in the manufacture of paper. There are "whole tree chippers" which can be carried from site to site and process whole trees. And then there are high capacity chip mills, sometimes called "remote" or "satellite" chip mills, which are set up to supply a primary facility (pulp or paper mill) that is in another region or country. These "high capacity chip mills" are the chip mills that have applied to the Tennessee Valley Authority (IV A) for permits to locate along the Tennessee River at South Pinsburg, TN. Any further mention of chip mills will refer to these remote, high capacity mills. High capacity chip mills cost approximately $3 million to $5 million, excluding site preparation. They have a mechanical life expectaney of three to ten years, depending on how heavily they are used They generally employ eight people or less. Advocates of chip mills usually try to claim that new jobs are created by log harvesting employmenL However, it is documented in both North Carolina and Alabama that much of the harvesting employment already exists and is occupied supplying established regional industries. Because of the high volume contracts, the lower handling costs, and the high value for the commodity on the world market, loggers and haulers often abandon existing industries and go to work for the chip mills. Harvestin& Impacts Comprehending the purpose, the nature, and the amount of tree consumption by the chip mills is essential to decision making because the region already has a very large manufacturing economy based upon the hardwood resource. The fundamental purpose of the chip mills is to supply fiber for pulp and paper mills ourside our region. TVA estimates that landowners will be paid a $1 to $4 per ton "stumpage" price by the chip mills for their timber as it stands. Following estimates by Charles McGee in the article "Low Quality Hardwood Stands," this is not enough to pay for reforestation. High grade hardwood timber is noc likely to regenerate without management costs. ff the owner is not willing to reinvest funds the resulting stand will likely be suitable only for use as pulpwood. Trees are harvested and delivered to the chip mill (for $18 per ton in my Alabama study area), and then chipped and sold for around $23 or $24 per ton. At that point the resource will be gone from our region with little value added. A ton of hardwood chips brings approximately $122, delivered to Japan. Contrast this "regional chip mill resource return" with our established, value-adding hardwood industries. The landowner is first paid a stumpage price for the timber, the logs are delivered to a mill which saws them into rough lumber; the rough lumber is made into finished lumber, marketed, and transported to a manufacturing facility where it is made into a wood product; this is then marketed and transported to a wholesaler or retailer, who markets it one more time. Value is added at each stage of the process. It should be obvious that when compared to the established hardwood industry "multiplier" for employment, the chip mill employment "multiplier" becomes a tremendous employment "reducer." It is also obvious that there is no value added in the region. Another point is that the chip mills are going to utiliz.e a much greater amount of wood than has been previously estimated. TVA stated that each mill would consume 300,000 tons of chips per year per mill. However, Steve Loveland of Georgia-Pacific Corporation in an article entitled "South Atlantic Chip Supply," said, "Any chip mill (continued on nCJ1l page) xawah Journat poc,e 13 �(continued fro;;. ·page 13) l , f t ,l 1, ,,a .. ; ' can double or ttiple irs chipping ourput by adding shifts and can be virtually run around the clock, seven days a week if necessary." This Statement shows that the figure on which TV A is basing its calculations is a minimum figure. Acrual production for one chip mill could easily be three times that much if economic conditions warranted. In other words, if TV A chose to permit only one chip mill, it alone could consume as much as TV A's predicted level for three chip mills. Another factor that skews predictions of ecological and economic impacts is that the chip mills are committed to providing a steady volume of chips regardless of local prices. There is a large capital investment involved in each of the mills, and many of them are owned by paper mills or are under binding "take-or-pay" supply contracts, meaning that they have to pay cash if they do not meet agreed-upon supply quotas. This artificially-maintained production depresses the price of residue chips produced by sawmills in the region, and is also inconsistent with wise resource and environmental management. Chip mills can also serve in a secondary economic capacity: that of liquidating the regional resource into readily available capital for transnational corporations that are sttuggling to keep their heads above water in troubled economic times. In simpler terms, the chip mills are to provide ready cash to their troubled corporate parents by trying, as rapidly as possible, to tum trees into money. This is particularly devastating to the established regional industries and the local environment. The chip mills do not care if "the regional resource"is liquidated because their mechanical life will essentially be over by the time the trees are gone. The Boise Cascade Corporation is one ~xample. Like most of the paper and pulp mdustry, before the recession hit Boise Csacade made large capital invesnnents to increase their capacity. Now the corporation is saddled with high interest payments in the face of a decreased market demand. Furthermore, due to the tremendous amounts of chip exports from the Nonhwest 10 the Japanese, they are being squeezed by chip prices in their operations in the Pacific Nonhwesr. (Condensed from The Value Line). In fact, according to the December, 1991 PaperandPu/p, Boise Cascade suffered a "$32.6 million loss in the second quarter" of 1991, and third quanereamings sank "to a $49.4 million deficit." As a solution to their predicament, Boise Cascade plans to sacrifice the region's hardwood forests, upon which many local people have depended for decades. Many foreign nations have a labor advantage over the United States on the open international market. The United States maintains its competirve position because of a superior supply of resources. It is clearly a good economic strategy for foreign companies to cur as much pulpwood as possible. If they can use much of the United States' resource, the United States will be that much more vulnerable on the open market By chipping our trees, foreign competitors are improving their long term X-citiuih JouTna£ page 14 I exporting market position. American business and government should be thinking ahead. Our competitors are. tnnuence of Market Conditions Developments in the regional and world markets helped 10 create this confrontation in the Tennessee River Valley between established regional wood producrs industries and transnational corporations. The first was a rise in the domestic demand for hardwoods. Because of a slowdown in the growth of softwood trees, overharvesring, an obvious supply of cheap hardwoods, and the development of new technology for using hardwoods in the making of pulp, the paper companies staned using a significant amount of hardwood chips in the mid-eighties. (The current mix is approximately 31% hardwoods and 69% softwood.) The overseas demand for hardwoods has also boomed. Several deepwater ports, like the Pon of Mobile in Alabama, invested heavily in chip exporting facilities during the 1980's. The federal government also invested $2 billion of the taxpayer's money 10 build the Tenn-Tom Waterway to create a direct route between the Tennessee River and the Gulf. It is ironic that the foreign corporations would be much less competitive with our regional industries if the government had oot subsidized their transportation system. Also during this time many well-meaning foresc industry people decided that they needed to "create" additional markets for our low-grade hardwoods by developing expon markets. They should have known better than to think that they could tamper with the market without creating serious repercussions in the existing hardwood economy of the region. This confluence of trends adds up to a radical market change which today could devastate the resource base upon which the sustainable, labor intensive, value-adding, regional hardwood industries of the Tennessee River Valley depend. Nature of the Chip Mil! Harvest The nature of the chip mill harvest is symptomatic of the market demand that drives it. The original intent behind the chip mills was to create a market for low-grade hardwoods. However, clearcutting for the chip mills takes all the hardwoods - poor ones, deformed ones, plus the well-formed young trees that would have grown up to make high-grade sawtimber. If extensive areas in the Tennessee Valley are clearcut, as they have been _in Alabama, it will be at least 70 to 80 years before any hardwood sawtimber matures. No one seems concerned about what will happen to the small local operators in the meantime. On a more immediate note, the low-grade sawmills and pallet makers find themselves shutting down or operating at a loss because the world chip market demand has driven low grade timber prices out of their reach. A sawmill owner in a nonhwestem Alabama county, where chip mill resource depletion has occurred and the sawmills have been shut down, said ruefully that any sawmill owner would be committing economic suicide to allow a hardwood chip - mill within theit ~ . A visit to the areas of Alabama already clearcut is probably the most convincing economic or environmental argument that can be made against the permitting of the chip mills. Competition for the Forest Resource Does our region have plenty of hardwoods to spare? AU the numbers presented by TV A say that we are growing twice as much as we are harvesting. But there is also the question of availabiliry: all the growing trees are not available for industrial consumption. How much of that volume is actually available for harvesr after figuring in operability factors such as steep slopes and year round water problems, and landowners who do not want to sell their limber? Thomas R. Reed of Champion International Corporation in his article "Industrial Perspective on Hardwood Use," said that roughly 50% of the hardwoods are available. This estimate is considered high by some observers. But TV A neglected to do any kind of availability discounting. They assumed in their calculations that all the hardwood trees in the region were available. The regional hardwood industries already depend on those growing trees. The bottom line is that although we may be growing a lot of hardwoods, we are not growing enough to supply the existing hardwood sawmills, the existing regional paper mills, which are increasing their use of low-grade hardwoods, AND the remote chip mills who are here to harvest the hardwoods of the region for the rest of the world. The domestic paper companies are large and well-financed and will probably survive the crisis, but the small milling operations, which employ roughly 85% of the Valley's forest products workers, will inevitably be sacrificed for the chip mills that will siphon off the region's wealth for huge transnational corporations. In terms of the eovironmeotal impact, or the economic impact oo tourism, the region will be trading the incredible scenery and diverse ecological community that accompanies a selectively harvested, mature hardwood forest for a pulpwood lot checkered with constant clearcuts. If one considers aesthetics as imponant, the impact ori southeastern Tennessee is going to be devastating. The scenery will be a politician's nighnnare: graphic evidence of a bad decision that gets worse, and becomes more visible to the public, with every passing year. ~ - Harley Wessman lnforma1ion for this article was provided by Robert Mitchell. coordinator of the Tennessee Valley liardwood Alliance. a coalition of small hardwood lumber manufacturers whose livelihoods are threatened by the chip mill operations that are seeking permits to operate in the Tennessee River Valley. Contact the TeMessee Valley Hardwood Alliance; clo R.C. Mitchell; 2850 McCa//ie Ave.; Cha11anooga, TN 37404. For more information on how to stop the chip mill invasion, c<>ntact T.A.G.E.R.; Box 764; Souih Pi11sburg, TN 37380. 1"aU, 1992 �LOGGING WITH HORSES by Nancy McIntyre "It's a win/win solution," says Jason Rutledge. He is talking about horse logging, a low-impact and sustainable timber harvesting method. Environmentalists call for timber harvesting to stop on public lands. The timber industry pushes ro cut marketable trees and to harvest them in the cheapest way, preferably clearcurting. Logging with draft horses offers another choice that addresses concerns of both groups. Conventional timbering requires building logging roads, often at public expense - roads that are large enough to accommodate tractor-trailer rigs and which damage the environment. Horse logging needs no road building and leaves minimal disturbance, even in steep or remote areas. Rutledge describes horse logging as a superior technology, "an evolved approach that marries science to culture." He goes on to say that "cUITCnt horse logging is a modem effort that employs specifically-bred heavy draft horses that are harnessed with nylon components and work in multiple hitches with several teams in tandem like the Budweiser Clydesdales, except that I use horses of the Suffolk Punch breed. The teams pull a steel log arch, which has high flotation pneumatic tires that provide front end suspension of long tree stems. This log extraction technique, along with directional felling, creates extremely low environmental and visual impact." Environmentally Sensitive Logging Company, started by Rutledge and based in southwestern Virginia, has harvested over 200,000 board feet of timber from national forests in Virginia. Using "real horsepower," Rutledge and his parmer John Thornton have removed trees from the Jefferson National Forest by the single tree selection method. Defined as balanced, uneven-aged management, this least-damaging, sustained-yield harvesting technique cuts a few peak trees per acre. Tree age, species, site, soil type, grade exposure, remaining growth, and wildlife habitat are among the aspects considered in tree selection. Rutledge explains that "this method of harvesting closely imitates nature's own selection process. Each tree is recognized as part of the interconnected whole. Top wood from cut trees and some trees of undesired species are left lying on the forest floor, while desired species remain standing in varying ages and become dominant in population and size." He adds that the Forest Service and agricultural colleges have many expens who can mark timber for this type of harvesting. "Modern conventional logging equipment does too much damage to the environment to go into the forest on a 10 to 20 year harvest rotation to remove a few peak trees per acre. With horses you can do this, and everyone wins something," Rutledge emphasizes. "Tunber is harvested without clearcutting, and there is never removaJ of den treeS or the total destruction of the forest canopy. Therefore, wildlife habitat is preserved while the forest is still contributing to immediate human needs of building 1-"aU, 1992 materials, furniture, paper, etc. "A healthy forest is maintained and helps to protect water and air. yet jobs in the logging business continue, and forest products still enter the manufacturing channels, though coming in smaller loads from smaller tracts and smaller operators. With horse logging, there is less ground for resistance and appeals from environmentalists and a bener opportunity to avoid below-cost timber sales. Governments in other parts of the world have already recognized the extensive knowledge and teach others," Chaffee says. Rutledge offers formal instruction and apprenticeships, but cautions, "Logging is one of the most dangerous occupations in the country." To learn chain saw use, he strongly recommends the Soran Erickson Game of Logging School, sponsored by the Stihl Company. (Inquire with local forestry deparunents for this nationwide instruction.) "Such instruction can save lives, countless Counesy of lhc Archives of Appalachia, ETSU benefits of animal-powered skidding techniques and have chosen this timber harvesting method for a portion of their timber removal." "Draft horses have other uses in the forest," Rutledge adds. "My first Suffolk, Forest Spring Red Samson, and his brother Forest Spring Bill, under the steady hands of Mr. Thornton, recently pulled materials deep into the national forest for the consauction of a rest area and overnight shelter on the Appalachian Trail." David Chaffee of Pittsboro, North Carolina, a commercial airline pilot and farmer who also breeds Suffolk Punch horses, says, "All you have to do is take four photographs. Take one of an area just logged by horses and another six months later. Compare them with photographs of an area timbered with large equipment, now and six months later. You're going to see erosion with the conventional timbering using large machinery. "In regard to jobs,"Chaffee continues, "horse logging involves more people, noc only the Joggers themselves, but also those raising draft horses and raising feed. These are internally-generated jo~s. whereas with conventional timbering, the heavy equipment is made outside of the United States and the energy is imponed. Jobs in the timber industry can be sustained by logging in a different way." Chaffee has twice stayed at Jason Rutledge's farm in Floyd County, Virginia to work with him and learn horse-logging skills for use on his own land. "Jason seems very willing to share his hours, and many bills," Rutledge says. Jason Rutledge is writing a book on Beginner's Use of Draft Horses for the Twenty-first Century. In articles recently printed in The Small Farmer's Journal and The Draft Horse Journal, he tells that he was raised by his illiterate grandfather "who was a hoss trader and, without an outline or agenda, taught the dignity of what a welJ-tended pair of work animals could do for a man who would work too." Jason adds that he is "determined to maintain the dignity of work animals and working man." Rutledge describes himself as an environmental actualist who has spent most of his life working toward the restoration of a cultural ethic or stewardship. "This ethic of planetary stewardship has to translate into everyday life and, for most folks, into the economic reaJity of making a living. Faith is the bridge between belief and action, and I'm going 10 cross that bridge/# with a horse!" fr For further infonnation: Environmentally Sensitive Logging Company Jason Rutledge and John Thornton 2050 Blue Ridge Turnpike Fincastle. VA 24090 Nancy Mclntyre lives on a beauliful ridge-top farm in Floyd County, VA. She is an energetic clean air and water activist and recently spent time educating people to the harmful effects of chemical biocides as part of the Agricultural Resources Center/ Pesticide Education Project. �ROADTHREAT AN APPEALING ISSUE·· ·· N--1 World Ne... $erYice N--1 World Ne... S.-,ice The Forest Service decision on the abolition of limber sale appcalJ bas noc been released 11 press Lime. In the inlerim, Congress has gouen involved with the appeals question. On July I, Sena10r Wyche Fowler (D.QA) introduced a bill co-sponsored by Pat Leahy, Al Gore, and Olhm that guaranu,cd the right to appeal Forest Service decisions. This bill passed in the Senate by a margin of 57-38. The strength of the Fowler bill indicaics that the,e is support for the appeals process as a chcclc against poor decision making. Laier in the summer, however, Larry Craig (R-ID} inuoduccd a v.akencd substitute for the Fowler bill The Craig measure was passed successfully early in August Under Craig's bill, the lime limit for filing appeals and for the Forest Servtce ~iuon of appeals would be shoncncd to 30 days apiece. It would force appellants to travel to the vicinity of the forest to make their case. The Craig bill would also require appellants to make comments in order to have s&anding. These appear to be minor changes, but the biU is in1e11lionally vague on many points. For example, the,e is some question as to whether or nOI the person who reviews the appeal can be the person who made the initial decision, thus creating a conflict of inrcrcst The changes proposed by the Forest Service are far-reaching and go beyond appeals. Acconting to the Sierra Club Legal Deteme Fund, the new appeals regulalions would eliminale the right to know about and comment on sates of lllllds affCCICd by insects and diseases. The lwldling of insect• and discae-relatcd sales has been subject to abuse in the past. In addition, the proposed changes would make it impossible even IO team about limber sales if one does noc sub!lcribe IO a variety of small newspapers. These and other consttaincs would make it much harder to conuibule meaningful comments or even stay informed about activities in nearby lllllional On May 21, the Virginia Transpor1alioo Board announced the prefen-cd IOULC for U.S. RL 58, a new fow--tane that would spai the southwcaem edge of Virginia between Maninsville and Cumberland Gap. The route would bisect the ML Rogers National Rccl'Cllion Area along Corners Crcett. a cascade-filled IIOUl Slmllll Pond Mountain and Hurricane Mountain. The Mount Rogers area is home to a number of rare animal species, including endangered mussels, rare salamanders, bog turtles, gray bats, and northern flying squirrels. Funher east, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VD01) would have Rt 58 cross the Blue Ridge Mountains berwcen Meadows of Dan and Stuart, Virginia, an area that Includes two waterways that are eligible for scenic river status. Highway consuucuon will destroy ll\3lly homes and farms along the way. Some cilizens con1e11d that the project will be the death knell for downtowns in small communities along the way. In order to respond to the threat to the ML Rogers area (and perhaps 10 ocher threatened areas), the Mountain Heritage Alliance has been formed. Members have begun a national letier wriling and petition drive. The group wishes 10 arrange a meeting with VOOT since VDOT has recently met with backers of a popular but desuuctive altcmalive passing through the highlands around Straight Branch, Whiietop l...aurel, and Grems Cove Creek. The group will iqe VDOT 10 IOUIC the highway along existing highways 1-77 and 1-81. They cite a Virginia Depanmenl of COllltlValion and Recreation recommendation against the highway and the findings of a Virginia Tech cconomiSl who predic1ed thal few CCUICllJlic baldiU would be derived from the road. forests. At the same time the Depanrnent of Agriculture is lobbying Congress to end judicial review of Forest Service decisions. Secretary of Agriculture Madigan told Congress. "We could manage bencr if we were free from the inletference of the caur1S [and] we urge Congress IO do that expeditiously." A few such bills have appeared before Congress but they have been unsuccessful so far. BAN CHIP MILLS Narura1 Wotld News Service Residents of the Tennessee Valley spoke overwhelmingly against pcnn1ts for chip mill facllities along the Tennessee River during two summer public hearings. SpcaJc.crs asked that TV A , stop Donghac, Channel Ch1p/P:lrker Towing, and Boise Cascade from construcung loading clocks and facilities along the upper Tenn-Tom Waterway, which TVA comrols. They told TV A th:11 the ini.cnsive clcarculting associated with chip manufacturing would result m a decline in the biodiversity and hardwood manufacturing economic base of the region. TV A omcials repon th:11 they are "swamped with tcuus· responding 10 the permit issue. The baule may have just begun, however. Boise Cascade Company announced shonly after the hearings I.hat they would open a chip mill without a pcnnit and ltUclc the chips overland to port. For more information, contaet TAGER; Box 764; South Pittsburg, 1N 37380. Xatuah )ouma£ PQIJ"- l 6 CLOSING IN ON CHEOAH NIil.ira! World News Service In a decision notice released lasl month, District Ranger Glen McConnell announced plans to log the Checab Mountains again. Over the past live years, the lofty mountain range that surrounds Checab Bald has seen more than its share or roadbuilding, road-indllccd landslides. and clearcutling. Exrensive logging bas tatm its toll on the forests around Oicoah's Shell Stand Creek, Stecoah Gap, Simp Oap, Grassy Gap, Wesc, and lower sections of Ben Creek. McConnell now plans to penetrate further into the wa&cnhcds of Bert and Franks Creeks to the southwest of Cheoab Bald. According 10 the environmental assessment for the Ben Creek Timber Sale, the Forest Service would build 1.2 miles of roads and harvest limber on more than 300 aaes. Even-aged logging is the silviculrural method of choice for most of the sale unit Activists an: concerned that the limber sale will cause further fragmenlalion of habiw in an area · thal is prime black bear babirat Over one thin! of the stands robe cul are over 100 years old. Fragmentation is also a pocential threat to the cerulean warbler and the goshawk. IWO Endangered Species Act candidates likely 10 be found ll the Bert Creek site. SIUdies have shown Iha the cerulean warbler needs at least 1600 acres of contiguous forest Other rare species at risk include the Indiana bat, East.cm wood rat, and hellbender. An additional issue of concern is the possible occurance of pyrue, a substance that produces a dangerous acid when leached out or a roadcut or log landing by rainwater. Oak decline, a phenomenon that causes a die-off o{ malllre oaks due to drought, infcsta.tJOn, and other su-esscs, is the pretext for the sale. but acuv1stS say the Stands are quite healthy. They claim that few loggers would bid on the umber if they had to share the full costs of F.S. 208 and other access roods built at LUpayer expense a few years ago. During the late 1970s, the RARE D Study recommended the Chcoah Bald area as one of the prem ier road.less areas in the Southern Appalachians. lt has since been opened to developmenL The arc3 still has tremendous beauty and tremendous wildland potential One has only to loolt out from the high ridges above Ben Creek to the Great Smokies in the distance to see what the future could hold. To procest the Ben Crnek Tunber Sale, write Glen McConnell, District Ranger; RL '· Box 16-A, Robbinsville, NC 28771. In order to become part of the national petition drive 10 save ML Rogers, write: Gary Stemp: Mountain Heritage Alliance; Rt 3, Box 589; Marion, VA 24354. TRANSREGIONAL POWER Nwral World News Service Attempts to build a high-voltage powerline through West Virginia and Virginia have hit a snag. Appalachian Power Company (APCO), a subsidiary ofthecoal-fued giant, American Electric Power (AEP), asked for a pcnnit to build a 765 kilowatt powcrline Crom southern West Virginia to a substation outside of Roonokc, Virginia, but it hns been forced to withdraw its applicauon with the We~l Virginia Public Service Commission until an acceptable environmental impact statement is p!'Cllll'Cd. Elsewhere, in a hearing before the Vi.rgini3 Utility Commission, expcn witneSSCS for Citi.zcns for the Preservation of Craig County (Virginia) said that APCO should not be given the right of eminent domain for a transmission line built solely for the purpose of ~ling off unusable excess power at a profiL The powerline would transfer power from the Midwest to the urban crescent of CllSLCm Virginia. Opponents say that the powerhne would cul across the Jefferson N31J01131 Forest between \.1ounuun Lake Wildcmcss and two wilderness areas several miles to the east They claun that the powerline will pass through hundreds of ocres of forest and farm land, lowcnng real CSlllle vallleS and conl8lllJll8lJllg springs with herbicides along the v.;3y They worry about the health effects of elecu-omagnetic fields, citing recent medical research on the subject J"aCL, 1992 �APdH &a'iler'f.~'•-tiftini envuonmenl3l siewardship reicon1. Many residenlS or the Southern Appalachians remember APCO's effort to dam the New River in Nonh Carolina. A few years ago, Appalachian Trail club members discovered dw APCO had built an unapproved access road lhrough the Appalachian Trail corridor. The club concluded that APCO was unable IO - g e their own utility corridor, so it reached an agn:anent with thc utility to manage pan or the power corridor themselves. In lhe meantime, APCO has begun a million dollar program promoting thc use or elecll'ic heal pumps. The figbl against the powertine has reached lhe national level U.S. Represeniatives Nick Rahall (WV) and Frederick Boucbcr (VA) have sponsored a bill that would pro!CCI federally-owned land along lhe New River, blocking access to one of the only f~ible rou1CS. The bill ha1 had sll'Ollg suppon in the House or Reprcsenwives. Hearings on the issue will begin SOOD in thc SenalC. Wrice Cilil.cns to Preserve Craig County; Box 291; New Casile, VA 2A I 27 and lhe National Commilltle for thc New River, Bluestone Project CommiUtJe; Box 103S; Athens, WV 24712. Also wrice your legislalorS. DECISION ON BIG IVY Nlhlnl Wodd News Savice In I.ale July, Ranger Paul Bradley ol the Toecane DiSlricl or thc Pisgah Nllional Forcsi. issued a decision oo the controversial Sugarhouse Cove Timber Sale, proposed for thc Big Ivy arca in BU1100111be County, nordleul of Asbeville.. Big Ivy is III an:a oC unusual circumneutral soils, rare planl communities, and excellent examples of old growth foreaa (see Ka,/Jalt JollnlOl 134), and lbe proposcd sale was bigbly CClllll'O¥a1ial. Bradley was leaning IOWll'd a decision 1h11 would have deVll.1Ulled a unique roadies., area conraining in:es measuring four feet in dialnder and examples of many rare plant species. ScienlislS and IIClivislS r.niliar with the sea rushed to ils defense, informing the Forest Service that die proposcd logging and road building would resull in unaccq,18blc damage. The eovironmeulal group SoudlPAW initialed a teuer writing campaip that brougb1 hundreds of lcuers and petition signaiurcs opposing the sale. Womansong, a choral group from Asbeville, 1111g for the forest outside die Forest Service otricea. garnering media coverage for Big Ivy. In response, Bradley scaled back his logging plans for the waaenhed. He eliminal.ed four of thc five areas scheduled IO be cut and reduced the timber sale volume by 80%. The remaining sale unils are in an abandoned homcSICad, an area that is already relatively degraded. Surprisingly. the Forest Service ~ the Sugarhouse Cove portion, after which the limber sale was named, as a Rcsean::h Natur81 Area. The analysis process resulted in designations of large pans or Big Ivy as either old growth habitat or as "unsuitable for umber producoon." Bradley dampened a poccntially explosive si1ua1ton. Many cnvirorunenl31istS feel lhal the Bag Ivy wau:rsbcd should be scqucsu:rod as a biological rc.o;crve. ActivistS are divided as to whclher to nppcal the timber sale or to turn !heir aucntion to other assaults on Kaluah's biodiversity. JUSI lhree weeks lalcr, Bradley allayed coocems that his districl might llOI meet its timber wgel by issuing a decision to log another scelion of lhe Toccanc. The sice is near Seven Mile Ridge along lhe Blue Ridge Partway. 1'cdl, 1992 1-26 HEARING HEATS UP Namnl World News Service Oo Joly 21, more than a hundred area citizens packed Mars HiU Elcmenwy School to give the NC Deparuneot ol Transportation (001) officials their views oo the proposed Inu:rswe 26 segment between Mars Hill, N.C. and die Tennessee border. Although opponents of the project were in thc minority, they represented about half of those speaking. One of lhe most moving prcserualions was a slide show by Bruce Oarlt showing whole moumainsides deliberalcly logged. deooded. and gouged away on the Tennessee section of the project, which has been underway for more than a year. To dace neither of the SlalC DOTs have fully considered the impaa or the projecl beyond swe borders or oulSide the immediate project area despi lC the fact that the projecl would increase tralfx:, cause displJlcemcnt, and destroy CICCS)'Slel!IS lhroughou1 the • region. Area citizens warned lhe DOT of the pol.Clltial for erosion, runoff, and wucc disposal problems associaled with large-scale "cul and fill" operations. They said lhal the project would disturb wedands and black bear migration corridors along the way. They suggested thal DOT explofe alremative uansponation sys1CRIS like freight uains and mass transiL networts before it embarks on a COSIiy projecl that the swe and federal governments, both in debt. canno( affonl. One speaker ciled a tcuu lhal the DOT sent to Monce Cunningham ol thc WNC Alliance. The 1cucr said lhal U.S. 23 is 1101 dangerous enough to justify mating expendilurea for Ind sand trapS and other safety improvements that Cunningham suggested.. In spice or this the DOT proposes spending nearly a q11111er of a billion dollars on a four-laae projec1 tbll will have no al«y benefilS until it is completed n1111y years bc:nce. The,e and other glaring inconsislmcies ha"VC 1od many citizens to believe that the DOT is • agency that plays by no rules except ilS own. WORKING FOR ALARKA Nanni World News Service Efforts are Slill underway to pr0ICCI the Big Laurel ttact in Swain County, a piece of land also known as AJaita Laurel. The Trust for Public Lands, a foundalion dial buys land and uansfers ii to government agencies. is hoping that ii can facilitate the purchase or the trac1. Officials II the 1JUS1 say !hey want people from Nonh Carolina to decide how bes1 to use the Big Laurel lJ1ICI. The llUSI has negotiated an option to buy the land. Local rcsidenlS have used the Alarka Crcelc watcnhed for horseback riding, camping, picnicking, SCOUl outings. and hunting for generations. According to resident Carl Queen, most or the people in the area "would like 1 see it kept in the pristine 0 Sl3ce that II is in.• The 2,080 acre traet contains a spruce bog. a wetland along Alarka Crnck, and a hctbacoous bog. The red spruce forest in Big Laurel is arguably lhc soulhcmmost on lhe continenL It is unusual because 11 has no1 shown any decline, as m Olher locales. and ii appears to be expanding in10 an area lhal was previously logged. Bag Laurel is also known for populations of brook uou1, pigmy salamander, and other rare ~ies. The Natural Hen1age Program has yet 10 do a survey of lhe area. According to Dr. William McL.amey, lhe area is I crucial mign11ory corridor. It is ~ible to descend from Big L.aurel at 4,600 feet to the LiUle Tennessee Gorge, then proceed to Wesser Bald on the olhcr side, and remain under foresled cover throughout lhejoumey. Shape Notes This little curl of smoke shows where some wood was. From thick tree trunk right down to tiny twig all gave up this cycle's shape to keep those beings in the cabin warm. Now this gray smoke stains the blue sky. It floats up up. Maybe someday in a different cycle those beings in the cabin will do some singing, some shape changing for the wood. Julia Vansclow Mutat Aliquid Ergo Sum (For Dylan-September, 1989) More often, now, the fog at dawn seeps deep into the hollow; creeps up the rodcy Eastern slope with a silent hint of Fall. It settles over everything, so near and distant hills are out of focus, dreamy, and hushed. 1ne first few leaves are spinning down; the Walnut's dropped its fruit. I hardly remember Spring at all when Summer's so dose to Fall, but Winter's hazy memory sits chill on the still night air that drips and drops a sparkling sheen in the haloed morning sun. 1ne last of Summer's fullness fills cicadas, crickets, tree frogs, until late morning melts the shade, dissolves the rainbow dew The Goldfinch canary yellow is dimmed. The last of the Hummingbirds are migrants navigating South. It's a lime we know there are no words that thought can fonn in mouth to really sing the song that sings the music of change, the IIWQTtneSS of things Frank Vogel Drawing by Michael Thompson x.atilah Jownat JJQ9"- 17 �Natural World News THE FOREST PLAN IS OUT! SPECIAL REPORT The US Forest Service bas just released its proposed Draft Suppleme111 (() the Final Environmental Impact Statement (DS-FEIS) for the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests Land and Resource Management Plan. When the original plan was released in 1987 there were four appeals of its provisions, and the Chief of the US Forest Service remanded the plan back to the region for changes, specifically those concerning questions about old-growth forest areas, clearcutting vs. uneven-aged managemen1., protection of unroaded areas, below-cost timber sales, and protection of biodiversity. The proposed amendment is controversiaJ, arousing opposition from both environmentalists and the wood products industry. Public comment will be received through December 16, after which a new plan will be developed. The draft supplement describes the amendments to the Forest Management Plan and how the various alternatives were developed, giving more details concerning the affected environment and environmental consequences. The lengthy document is the result of much work, but it falls short of addressing public concerns about the mismanagement of the public forests. In the short "Highlights" of the Plan, rhe Forest Service statements appear to offer positive solutions to environmental concerns, but further investigation of the "fine print" does not support this initial impression. Much of the discussion focuses on the allowable sale quantity (ASQ) of timber to be cut each year. The ASQ has always been a ceiling for timber cutting, with the actual timber targets falling well below that level. For instance, the present ASQ is 75 million board feet per year, but the agency actua!Jy cut onJy 55 million board feet in the past year. In the draft, the annual ASQ in the Forest Service's alternative is reduced by an impressive margin, from 75 million board feet to 45 million board feet However, subsequent statements by Forest Supervisor Bjorn Dahl assure industry representatives that the amount of timber actually cut wouJd not fall very much, because "45 million board feet is not that much below 55 million board feet," intimating that the ASQ is no longer going to be the ceiling, but the target for each year's annual cut (CHAGRIN IS IN) trees are left standing on the site only to be removed in a second cut 15-20 years later. The Western North Carolina Alliance, a citizens' group which has vigorously opposed clearcutting in the national forests, is bitterly disappointed by this move. Members point out that they have consistently campaigned for uneven-aged management of the forests for years. Shelterwood cuts, like clearcuts, are a form of even-aged management. which yields a stock of trees that are all of the same age. To Alliance members, the agency's change is simply a change in rhetoric. "Shelterwood is simply a rwo-stage clearcut,'' observes one member. Only a very small pan (about 12%) of the total acreage 10 be cut would be logged by single tree or group selection to produce true uneven-aged management. To lessen the problem of below-cost timber sales that has plagued the agency in past years, the Forest Service promises timber interests that they will offer more lucrative sales containing large sawtimber trees and fewer sales containing pulpwood (undesirable trees that bring a low price). These custom-tailored sales still would not turn a profit for the government; at best the Forest Service could promise only that they might break even. Figures elsewhere in the draft show that the Forest Service plans to increase the profitability of their sales by increasing environmental costs. Despite earlier assurances, only 3.3% of the national forest lands would receive additional protection from road construction and logging. Some 44,000 acres of unprotected roadless areas (called "semi-primitive, nonmotorized areas") and nearJy 45,000 acres of land inventoried as possible old-growth would be opened to logging under the preferred alternative. Instead of treating below-cost sales as a signal to improve forest management by saving old-growth and potential old-growth habitats, the Forest Service is using below-cost sales as an excuse to sell those areas off! The Wilderness Society also noted that the Forest Service showed that their interest is not in stopping below-cost timber sales by putting into the timber base over 100,000 acres of land which would not tum a profit, according to agency analyses. Much effort was made to identify and inventory old-growth stands, but the criteria for determining old-growth presence were vastly oversimplified. In the draft supplement, the mere presence of trees older than 100 years indicated old growth. And the old-growth inventory was an empty gesture; while 133,456 acres were identified as old growth, only 5% of the total forest acreage wouJd be reserved for "future old growth values." Wood products industry representatives are expressing great concern about job losses, lower profits, and potential changes in logging techniques. However, the draft supplement estimates that the preferred alternative would offer only 100 less "jobs'' (actually hourly equivalents) than the number offered in the original plan. The new draft supplement shows that the Forest Service has indeed changed and become more skillful and sopb.isticated in its management techniques - it has changed its techniques of managing numbers and manipulating language to more skillfully cover the fact that out in the forest, it's business a.s usual! • by Lee Barnes and David Wheeler Copies of the Draft Supplement to the Final Environmental Impact Suuement of the Nanlahala-Pisgah Land and Resource Managt!mellt Plan can ~ st1e11 al most public libraries ill westt1r11 Nor1h CarolillO or may~ reqllt!sted by phoning (704) 257-4200. Send comments ~fore December 16. 1992 to Nantalrala!Pisgah Planning Team; Na1io110I Forests ill North Carolina; Box 2750; Asheville, NC 2 ~ .....-::::::==:::::-.___ The draft supplement proudly announces a significant reduction in the acres of national forest to be clearcut annually: from the 4,500 acres called for in the original plan to 1,500 acres, one-third of the original amount Substituted for clearcutting was the shelterwood method, which in the preferred alternative would be practiced on 2,320 acres of the forest. Under this method, part of the Xatuah Joumat p09e 18 Drawing by Timbcrly Ashe :fa{!, 19112 �INVASION OF THE CORPORATE GIANTS by Buzz Williams Like many others who have chosen to make my home in the province of Katuah, I am keenly appreciative of the incredible beauty and diversity of the native Appalachian hardwood forest. But after living here for some time, one soon becomes aware that these forests, which are the cornerstone of our ecosystem, have been severely impacted by the human presence. For me, the fulfillment of finding my "sense of place" has been tempered with a kind of sadness when I think of what we have lost. But to lament over the past is certainly not productive; nor is the popular notion that further degradation of our environment is necessary for the well-being of our species. On the contrary, recent scientific studies tell us that the maintenance of healthy ecosystems is more than simply leaving a bener place for future generations - it is the key to our future survival. We are learning that a healthy economy is dependent upon a self-sustaining environment. Aldo Leopold stated it this way: "...a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. It tends 10 ignore, and thus evenrually to eliminate, many elements in the land commurury that lack commercial value, but that are (as far as we know) essential to its healthy functioning." Leopold's extension of our concept of ethics to include the protection of all plants and animals, what be called the "third element," must now be embraced if we arc to prevent the further degradation of our forests. After devastating the Southern Appalachian forests, the big timber companies moved to the Pacific Northwest. They acquired huge tracts of territory, and the timber supply from that area was instrumental in meeting the increased lumber demands during World War II and the decades of prosperity immediately following. During those years, the US Forest Service became increasingly timber oriented. From 1950 to 1968 timber harvest volumes from our national forests increased from 5.6 to 12.8 billion board feet. Several theories have developed as to why the Forest Service has so willingly become an ally of the timber industry, but the most plausible seems to center on a process called "logrolling." The timber industry financed and helped to seat CongressionaJ legislators who won positions on strategic subcommittees which govern Forest Service activities. including budget appropriations. These lawmakers have been in office for long periods of time and have built up strong concentrations of power in the halls of Congress. Their close connections to the timber industry are not hidden. Sen. James McClure (R-ID) went straight to a seat on the board of the Boise Cascade Company upon his retirement from the Senate. The press statements of Sen. Mark Hatfield (D-OR) read almost exactly like industry statements from the corporations in his state. This year Senate Majority Leader Tom Foley (D-WA) effectively stopped consideration ofH.R. 1-"all, 1992 1969, a bill which would have outlawed clearcutting in the national forests. Power such as this has brought the l!S Forest Service into line with the policies of the timber industry. Pacific Nonhwest. Io addition, the Appalachian hardwood forests were recovering from previous over-cutting. With recently-developed technology that allowed the use of hardwood fiber for making paper products, the Southeast was once again ripe for pluckin~. Cheap land and non-union labor costs m an area closer to their markets were further inc.entives to the timber giants to move south. As early as the 1950's, Georgia Pacific Company was already buying up land in the South. In 1982 it moved its headquarters from Portland, Oregon to Atlanta, Georgia. Others followed. The Forest Trust recently reponed that since 1978, seven of the largest timber comparues in the Pacific Northwest had increased their mill capacity in the South by 121%. They are coming from other directions as well. Bowater Corporation, the largest newsprint producer in the country, announced in Marcb,1992 that it would move its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to Greenville, South Carolina. In Chattanooga, Tennessee, local conservation groups arc currently fighting applications for barge permits by three chip mill companies which would produce over 1.7 million tons of green chips per year. One of the companies, Donghae, is based in Korea, and all the companies plan to expon their chips directly to the Far East (see page 13). The addition of these powerful competitors for timber in the Southeast is In 1990 the fate of the threatened spotted owl became the focal point of the battle to save the remaining 10% of the ancient forests of the Pacific Northwest The timber industry screamed that protection of the owl would cost thousands of jobs, but investigative studies found that they were using the spotted owl issue as a smokescreen to cover their own activities. One study found that, even before the owl was listed, 26,000 timber-related jobs had been lost to automation in Washington and Oregon, and, further, that between 1980 and 1989 the practic.e of log exporting had cost 19,200 timber workers their jobs. Closer scrutiny of the timber industries revealed that they were making huge profits at the expense of their employees and the loggers who supplied the mills. Their long-term strategy was obvious: they had overcut their private lands, just as they had done in the Southern Appalachians, and were now liquidating their timber "assets" to produce the capital to relocate to the Southeast, which had begun to recover from earlier exploitation and was out-producing the Pacific Northwest. Acre per acre, the southeastern coastal plains were producing about 1.7 times as many board feet in a 65 year period as the Dnwing by Michael ThompsQn (continued on p,tgc 26)' Xatuah Joumat page 19 �FROM INDUSTRY TO ENDEAVOR .:Forestry is the one area where the inappropriateness ofboth large-scale technology and the slum tenn prof11 motive is most apparent. For this reason, it may be an ideal place to begin to tlUn the tide." - Robert Brothers Timber extraction as it is presently accomplished is a primary cause of ecological degradation in the Karua.h bioregional province. Given that a land-based economy in the forested mountains will depend heavily on the use of wood products, how much wood can we use and how can we use it in a beuerway? Changing the way we think about the land and our conceptions of our role in the bioregion would change our relationship to the land and the way we use the products of the land. New definitions and new values would lead to new institutions and new ways of working. The first and most basic recognition is that we are pan of the natural oommunity and that the needs of the natural community must come first Aldo Leopold, a forester who truly cared for the natural world. stated it thus: "We abuse the land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect." In the Katuah Province, this means first and foremost that the public lands are held as a bioregional reserve, inviolate from logging or other intensive commercial use. It must be understood that all the forestry proposals that follow are for the lands surrounding and buffering the bioregional reserve, and that the reserve proper is to be left as habitat for the native plants and animals, wild and free forever. In its proper place, a buffer zone which includes large areas of sensitively managed timberlands would be a positive ecological benefit, extending the forest cover and protecting the core habitat area from disturbance. Even outside the core reserve area we must constantly remember that "the land is a community to which we belong," and that forests are complex and heterogeneous life communities. In the upland hardwood forests in particular, industrial forestry is not an appropriate practice. We must change the model of forestry 10 one that follows a biological panern rather than a panern of mechanical_production. Forestry is not farming. It is, as the local wisdom puts it, "living off the increase" of the natural forest community. Recognizing this, !t is clear that sustainable forestry does not Sllllply refer to the number of growing trees, but concerns the integrity of lhe forest community as a whole. Continued sustainability of the forest requires that biomass be returned to the soil to maintain soil fertility and site quality. The Institute for Sustainable Forestry in Redway, CA bas defined sustainable forestry as "forestry that can safely be practiced while X.ntuQft. Jou.mat p1i9e 20 by David Wheeler ensuring that the forest's needs are met before any biomass is removed in the form of harvested trees." Silviculture would then mean, as it is supposed to, the art of caring for aforest; not "growing trees" as it is currently defined. A Southem Appalachian Sustainable Forestry Association, designed on the California model, could promote this awareness. Like its western counterpart, it could draw on a wide variety of experience to devise standards for ecologically produced lumber and other forest products. Trained and accredited logging ooottactors and foresters could be given eoological cenification for timbering practices that are both ecologically and eoonomically sound. The group would also do public education, research and development of sustainable forestry practices, restoration forestry, and research on marketing, value-adding processing, and wood product ideas. At present, the greatest hindrance to a sensitive forestry in the Karuah Province is the notion that the land is a oommodity for speculation. Rising land prices and increasing fragmentation of landholdings are discouraging private landowners from becoming involved in forestry. If the land market will not support forestry, the only solution is to remove large areas of land from the market. Non-profit farmland and forest mists allow habitation and use for land-based activities, but free the land from oppressive tax burdens and protect it from the threat of development This arrangement would offer a strong economic incentive to those who wanted land for use and enjoyment rather than for speculation. ~nother neces~ conceptual change is to revise our ooncepnon of a demand-driven market to one that is based on the ability of the forest to provide. Measures to moderate the use of wood products (not including the substitution of plastics or other synthetics for natural materials) could help to lessen the demand. Companies could also utilize the wood that is available more efficiently and more C(:Onomically by ensuring the highest value uses and creating new ways to use pieces that might otherwise be wasted. At the other end of the process, consumers could help to lower demand through the re-use and recycling of wood. "Adding value" is another key concept that could change the face of the timber business. Supplying the furniture industry seems appropriate for the bulk of the timber cut in the mountains, but the growing export market threatens to draw timber- away from the region. It would be of the greatest benefit to the regional economy to emphasize wood products rather than wood as a raw material for a faceless global market Specialty products - hand-crafted wood furniture, wood carvings, boat lumber, musical insttuments, wooden toys and gifts, etc. - offer opportunities for creative entrepreneurs and support small shops that employ only a ~w people each. individually, they seem to be inoonsequential, but studies in the Pacific Northwest are showing that the cumulative economic impact of specialty shops is substantial. Another key word that oould SJ)C1ll great changes in the region's timber trade is "cooperation." Small loggers could oombine to sell their products. They oould thus reach bener markets and sell their wood for highest value. By pooling their capital, they could be more competitive and stay better informed about market conditions. They could also cushion expensive bonding guarantees and equipment repairs. By lightening the money pressure, they could afford to do a bener job in the forest. If the cooperative owned a sawmill, they oould eliminate cheating at the scales, could pocket the increased value of their product, and could provide work hours during periods when they could not go into the woods. Such ventures would be prime targets for community eooaomic development efforts. Another approach would be to organize landowners into cooperative groups, as forest management is organiz.ed in Switzerland. Lislott Harbens, a forester of Swiss extraction, said, "I know of two or three cases where larger landowners are considering pooling their resources and employing somebody to do their work for them" The changes listed above foreshadow a wood products market that is oomprised of smaller businesses that are more decentralized and more individualiz.ed. In light of present Ta(t, 1992 �~ • L by Robert T. Perscher ~ ~ I' • • .._ r.. ,1 f I ~~ • ..._ Pioneering a New Human/Nahµ'e- Relationship ~- - ~ (Thefolwwing is uzlunjrom a report commissioned in 19')() by the New England Section of1he &>ciety ofAmerican Foresters as part of ti~ process ofdrafting anew tnis.sion stare~ntfor the group.) The ex.isling forestry doctrine focused on wood production no longer serves our profession, society, or the Earth. The profession, therefore, needs to develop a new doctrine/philosophy embracing a land ethic and philosophy of ecosystem managemen1. This approach necessitates a reassessment of the adequacy of our ex.isting scienllfic foundations. Our mission must be expanded to the widest possible cooteitt: the preservation of life on Earrh. As foresters we are charged with this mission because we have accepted the role as stewards of what is perhaps the most critical 30% of the Earth's (land) surface. Our srewardshlp responsibility includes some of the most exuberant eitpressions of nature: the trends, this seems to be the direction in which the industry needs to move in the Southern Appalachians to be mon: sustainable over the long term and more regionally responsive. These changes would be only part of a necessary ongoing social and economic shift in the n:gion. Any economy, particularly in a forested area, that is growing faster than the trees can grow is moving too fast. An economy that kills its biological suppon system with toxic chemical pollutants needs to find new methods of production. Any area in which the local species cannot find secluded habitat is overpopulated and overdeveloped. These ills are obvious when our society is compared to the forest, the self-supporting, biological model for growth in our region. A sustainable forest products trade will not be attained immediately. The transition stage is critical. We can take immediate steps toward a more sustainable forestry: 1) Invest in the growth of high-grade hardwoods. This move appears risky in terms of the present economic climate. But the present economic climate is notoriously short-sighted, and long-term trends appear to justify this investment Landowners, however, do need to be educated about the value of improving timber sites and stands, as welJ as more careful logging in order to attain a sustained yield. 2) Provide tax relief for timberlands. Land that is currently being used for agriculture or forestry should be assessed at lower rates than development propenies. "Highest use assessment," in which land is assessed according to the most expensive use to which it could be put (usually subdivisions), virtually assures that the land will be put to that use. At present rates of interest., the only method that pays in the short term is to climax ecosystems of a green and .flowering world. They tend to suppor!_greater stocks of bi?mass and harbor a grea~er number of species than any other ~logic!'1 zone. ~orests play a ~Jor role ir· planetary recycbng of Carix?n, mtrogen anc.l o~g~n. They help detenrune temperature and nuofall. They constitute the major gene reservoirs of our planet, and they are-the main sites of emergence of new species. Life on_ Earth as we know it, human or non-human, IS dependent on our forests. And we, who call ourselves foresters_. are the . protectors of the ecosystems which make this incredi~le l~gacy of ?iversit)'. (>?SSibte. Ir [that protccnon] 1s our ulumate llllSs1on and, as such, must define and embrace all that we do as professionals. To fulfill this expanded mission we must rise to the challenge of recreating our relationship with the forest. We must now establish, as nearly as possible, a direct contact with our place within nature and begin to make our forest management decisions from that place. To accept this quickly clearcut all the young trees in a stand before they have had a chance to make their full growth. In the long run, careful and ecological logging that produces a sustained yield will pay off, but the initial returns are lower as the landowner improves the site and conditions the growing stock. Long-term, low-interest government loans or a capital gains tax differential for income on timber produced by ecological methods would help to make those methods competitive with industrial forestry practices and would make timber investments more competitive with other long-term investments for private owners. 3) States need to train and certify loggers. Two states in the bioregion are taking hesitant first steps in this direction. ~~ - ,.. challenge means that each of us must refuse t.o iux:ept.the least common dcno,;ninaror the loweit level of awareness of the forest that all membc;rs of our society can agree to, for this stifles change and persona) expansion. We must be willing to move beyond th.e comfortable and generally accepted doctrine the profession still clings to and forge a new _relationship that will permeate all levels of the profession. -. To accomplish this change wemust draw on the elemental energy within each of us _th~t originally drew us to this profession. Wuhin the SOlll"Ce of this energy some of us will find a fierce compassion and a true affection for the entire forest ecosystem. These are the fundamental fotees that will now drive our profession. The old doctrines of profit, fiber production, and primary loyalty ro employers will not disappear, but will be subsumed and integrated in their rightful place within the far more expansive vision of preserving life... • Excerptedfrom the April, 1991 issue of1"4 Journal of Foresuy. th4 publicauan of the Society of American Foresters. ~ Tennessee is one of several states that has received funding through the federal eittension service to start pilot logger education programs. Two one-week instruction courses run by the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service in cooperation with other groups and government agencies will provide training in ecological principles, best management practices, forest management, and safety practices. The North Carolina Forestry Association is also considering co-sp0nsoring training workshops for loggmg contractors with the state Division of Forest Resolll"CCs. Attendees would receive certificates of training and their names would be made available to landowners inquiring about responsible loggers. 4) Forest workers must defend the forests. Said Dr. George Weaver, head of the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee, "The forest products industry, like anyone else who has a stake in a resource, has to be responsible for maintaining and perpetuating that resource." Although he was speaking in a different context, his words ring true. Foresters should be some of our strongest environmentalists. Trees are pan of the forest community (or ecosystem); it is only logical that to protect the trees, one protects the forest that produces them. In the mountains, foresters and loggers should be vigorously "protecting the resource," in particular from the dangers of atmospheric deposition and the pressures of continuing land development. Forest scientists in the piedmont areas are already concerned that atm0spheric pollution might be affecting the growth·of softwoods there, and several studies have tested that connection. Other studies have (continued on page 22) :Fa£!, 1992 :Katuah )ournat p09e 21 �{continued from page 21) documented a connection between atmospheric pollution and spruce decline in the high-elevation coniferous forests. A clear cause-and-effect connection has not been conclusively proven between atmospheric deposition and Fraser fir die-offs, oak decline, dogwood blight, butternut blight, and hemlock decline. However, there is a common suspicion that pollution is implicated in the widespread and severe forest die-back. Other ecological macro-events, such as the gypsy moth invasion, global climate change, and the orone hole, are going to affect the condition of the forest, and foresters need to feel responsibility for these issues as well. . Aldo Leop<>ld spoke of our relationship with th 7forest m terms of "love and respect." Todar It would seem incongruous for a prominent ~orester to use such tenninology. What pracncal value could notions like "love" and "respect" have in forestry? Upon reflection, however, it can be seen that these are of the utmost value. They are, in fact, the very f~undation of a forestry that is truly sansfying and truly sustainable. The First People had been living in these mountains for 2,000 years of unbroken OC<:upation when they were discovered by the w~te settlers. Eve_n though it had supponed the1r culture for millennia, the forest still stood with a grandeur that awed the whites who centuries ago had sacrificed the ' European forests as "resources." There were - intentionally - less of the native people inhabiting the mountains, but that was not the sole reason for their longevity as a people. Their culture was based on love and respect for their bioregion and the other "nations" or species that shared the land with them. They directly addressed the spirits of the other beings tllTough song. Before hunting they addressed their prey in song, and after making a kill, they performed a brief ritual and offered a song of thanks. Recently the environmental group SouthPAW caused great amusement in the timber industry because they suggested in a Forest Service timber sale appeal that singing to the trees be used as a forest management technique. The group protested that the puiyose of their proposal was, of course, sanncal. They wanted to show that, whatever loggers thought of singing to the trees, it was preferable 10 the destructiveness of clearcutting. However, the South PAW proposal, so gleefully ridiculed in timber trade publications, hits directly home. Unless we have that sense of love and respect for the forest and the trees, well communicated by singing to them as the hunters of old sang to their prey, we wiJI not be able to develop a truly sustainable way of using wood in the Southern Appalachians. The day yet may come when loggers stand before a tree and, either silently or aloud, offer thanks for its life. We will know then that we are in balance with the forest and that we are well on the way toward a long-lived human culture here in the southern mountains. ~ Rick Parrish of the Southern Environmental Law Center is investigating the possibilities for initiating a Southeastern Institute for Sustainable Forestry. All those interested in supporting this effort may contact him at 201 W. Main St. (Suite 14); Charlottesville, VA 22901 (804) 977-4090. Forest Stewardship Programs # Two new programs offi:J help 10 landowners who wish lO mana11c their Corests wisely. The Forest S1ewardship Program helps landowners to devel~ s1ewardS.hip management plans for their folCSiS. The Siewardship Incentive Program offors financial help 10 enable Jandowntrs to carry out stewardship plans. Bolh programs wc,e created by the federal Fann Bill of 1990. and are supervised by SJ.ate forcsuy ai:encics, so they vary slightly from state to siate. Federal and sta1e forestry assisl311ce 10 pi:iva1e landowners is not new. What is new abont the Foresl Stewanlship/lncentive programs is the increased emphasis on non-timber val~. the degree 10 which these programs seek IO enable private landowners to ~cvc:lop and implement c0111prehensive plans to conservu wide range of land values, and the dcgteC of commitmel)L requ~ o! landowner.: participating in I.he programs. The new programs ~led in past from the growing controversies over public Jan4 managemt111 in the US. The public lands cannot meet all of our needs for wnber, wildlife (including non-game and endangered spocics) habitat, ~igh quality water nows, recreation. and beauty. Much or~ mosl potcnliaUy productive forestJs he.Id by priv.io landowners. This land could be bcuec managed. ~stewarclsbip -progrnms arc predicated on the bcijef lhat ll\ally privalC landoW!MJ.S will take good ¥ ol their f01C$1S it'they are given educatiollll, ,echnlcal, a,'ld financial help,~ some.recognition. .Landowners owning forested l!ICtS of Oan 10 to 1,000 a~ m a y ~ in ~stcwar~ programs;tQ ~ allllldo"1'tf mukt.naati: some senous comm~: • eqdgrsing tJfc ).)'Sign the •sie~ip aieecr s t ~ i p ~ti;! pledge tO Collow lbeir .slO'l¥8[~ip plan. ~L Z) Commit co improving at lc:&9l dne ol rou I"' ,d vp categ()qi:s ( wildlife_. soi.1/wAJet: timli<:r, '.& a,e f ~ ) and ~ n Ql'Pf1'{cct (l«ber values, ~) ~ i t ;t~d land w)Lfiin the tract~ Sl~ship.1118118~t. ' 41 Actively patficipate in sLe'IYirdsblp jlr.n develQl)llleru. 5) Abide by S1ale and (edc,:al JaW$ affcttin1 for~ activities. , In exe1iangc, for IIJ¢ sicw~blp comrnitmellt, Jhe atate will~ ~wnci, il'I clcveloping a st~dship plan lbat reflCClS thcu- desires fur thcit land. The plan would bedc-vel()pCd either by g(lvemment l1)SOIJroC' mQMgers or by private consuhanis, tunded through the: Stewardsllip l1*:nlive Program. °Tht" foreSUtef,'lltdship program.,; lll'O in &licit in(ancy, and it is diJTieulr tojudge wha{ the loilg-torm lmpaet,w1II be. &tate foresters in TCMe$SCC, North Carolina, South Carol:i'na, and G ~ reportlhat 110 10 l!ID sm-warw:liip plans ha~ been ~l&ed in each of lhesc sillies, and more are bcing-prcparc(1. -Je~JontS For /'/l(Jre informacio11 on 1/te;Fote,-1 Stewardship Pro_grams1n your arta. contacr-yowr stare Jor.estry dBenq, f"n(t, 1992 �,-- -.~ ·----·· ECOLOGICAL FORESTRY FOR RENEWABLE FOREST VALUES by Leon S. Minckler First, what is forest management? Traditionally, it has meant an array of practices designed to produce the most and cheapest timber products. The Society of American Foresters describes silviculmre as the science of "growing" forests. Unfonunately, this concept is widely prevalent. However, true forest management must encompass the whole forest ecosystem, including all its biological and physical factors. Forest management also needs 10 be sensitive to the preservation of the natural rhythms of the earth and the environmental and spiritual values desired and needed by mankind. The key word for forestry should be ecology: an awareness of the interconnections of species, site, climate, soil and soil organisms, water, topography, stress factors, and biological diversity. The real "products" of the forest include commodities and non-timber environmental values. The first objective of forest management must be the sustainability of the forest ecosystem itSelf. This is known as "land ethics." It's not a new concept, but it appears to be one many in forestry profession have drifted away from. Toe land ethic means that we do not "own" the land and waters. Instead, in a very real sense they own us by making life itself possible. The adulteration of natural processes and the overuse of natural resources impinges on our basic needs and desires and gradually renders the earth unlivable. Thus, forest managers can no longer afford to separate environmental and long term economic concerns. ON THE VARIABILITY OF FORESTS Ecological forestry is composed. of the following treatmentS: weeding, thinning, improvement cutting (fSI) and final harvest or regeneration cutting. When used sensitively, these practices are compatible with land ethics and can be implemented to attain biological diversity, aesthetics, water recreation, wild.life habitat, and spiritual benefits. Most foresters make timber production the prime objective of their forest management operations. Often, these foresters are only concerned with maximizing immediate economic returns. Unfortunately, many industry and public foresters confuse short-term profits with long-term sustainable economic returns and therefore ignore environmental valoes. How much is six inches of topsoil worth? How much is two weeks of forest recreation worth? Can aspects of Jove and enjoyment in a natural landscape even be tranSlated into dollars? We have reached the point in our industrialized society where these so-called amenity valoes must be thought about by the people who manage our forests to achieve these multiple values? Well, there is no one way to manage all fo~ts. This should be f"af.t, 1992 obvious, but contemporary production forestry has taken a different path: clear-cutting or single-dimension, one-shot forestry. The relationship between a patient and a doctor is a good metaphor to illuminate the way a forester should approach the management of a forest ecosystem. We must study and evaluate the forest's vital signs - its hydrology, productivity, and climate. We must think long and hard about the forest's internal structure and how we want the forest to appear now and many years into the future. We must decide what we want the forest to provide. And, most importantly, we must carefully consider how to preserve its longevity and natural health. Forests are heterogeneous, not homogeneous. Forests are vibrant and diverse, not streamlined plantations. Forest type, climate, elevation, aspect, past history (natural and human), soil-site, age class, and ecological interconnections are just some of the variables that distinguish each forest from another. CLEARCUTTING VERSUS GROUP SELECTION "Good silviculture emulates nature, but on a different scale." The ecological truth of this statement is borne out by long experience in the woods. By the practice of managing a forest for multiple objectives. By the careful cultivation of the environmental and commodity values of the ecosystem. My experience is mainly with the management of central, southern, and Appalachian mixed hardwood forests and I will focos on them; however, these same principles apply everywhere. Western and southern conifers, and pioneer species like aspen, poplar, and mid-west northern pines, have different ecological characteristics. They each have different ecological requirements and different responses to disturbance. Therefore, our silvicultural treatments must be individually tailored. Simply put, clearcutting does not emulate nature in the mixed hardwoods. These forests are naturally uneven-aged and highly diversified. They contain a wide range of species, age and size classes. They grow in a variety of site conditions. Group selection, however, imitates natural mortality and windthrow. Oearcutting advocates argue that clearcuts replicate wildfire bum patches. This statement is questionable in the arid West and almost irrelevant in the humid East where large, high-intensity forest fires rarely occur. More problematic is the fact that the nature and species composition of completely clearcut stands cannot be accurately predicted. On some sites pioneer species may regenerate. On other sites regeneration may be dominated by coppice sprouting from the root systems of the harvested trees. Still other sites may be entirely covered by maple or tulip poplar seedlings spread by the wind from a single source tree. In the end, however, clearcutting means conversion. It means that the species composition of the regenerated stand will be greatly altered by the end of the next rotation. It means the stand's native diversity and internal structure will be simplified and streamlined. While clearcutting may seem to be the cheap way to go, its long-term costs are excessively high. In order to control composition and growth, clearcut stands most be entered several times. Investments must be made for intensive forestry, fire protection, and intermediate cuttings. Moreover, the end product of clearcutting is a homogeneous forest with few large, high-quality trees. In the East, the Forest Service, and some other land managers, seem to be moving away from large clearcuts toward smaller patch cuts where two to five acres are harvested. Some may call this "group Drawing by Pegi (continued on next page) Xatuah Journat ~ 23 �(continued from page 23) selection," but in reality patch cutting is just a variation of clearcutting. Control is by area and the sites are cut without regard to tree size, species, or stand condition. This is an entirely artificial technique with no basis in ecological concepts. Wide-spread application of patch cutting will result in very peculiar forests. THE PRACTICE OF GROUP SELECTION Group selection is based on the same general concepts as single-tree selection. However, group selection is always combined with stand improvement cuts and efforts are consciously made to make small openings for new regeneration. The key word for the practice of group selection is flexibility. In preparation for group selection management. an inventory of the stand is made and trees are classified as growing stock, financially mature, low quality, undesirable species, high risk, unmerchantable culls, and wildlife trees. The growing stock (rotation potential) trees, from saplings to immature sawtimber and special wildlife trees, are left behind to grow. The others are cut or killed. Foresters base the size and spacing of the harvest opening on the condition of the forest. not mechanical, pre-determined patches of area. In general, shade tolerance, the ability to reproduce in the limited sunlight of the understory, is greater for northern hardwoods: American beech; birch; maple; and hemlock. Appalachian and central hardwood species (oaks, hickory, yellow-poplar, ash, and cherry) exhibit an intermediate level of shade tolerance. Often they require more sunlight for successful regeneration than the northern species, but they will regenerate and grow vigorously in openings that are at least as wide as the height of the swrounding residual trees. Larger openings, one and a half to two times the size of the surrounding trees, produces better early growth. It is better to make detenninations of the opening widths based on the heights of swrounding trees, rather than arbitrary acreages, because it provides a more accurate means of measuring how much light is received and how large an opening will be required for adequate regeneration. The novel structure and ecological character of eastern mixed hardwoods makes it easy to create openings in one or two cutting cycles that favor the regeneration of native, site-adapted species. After harvest the whole forest, including the regenerated areas, is then subject to intermediate treatments, such as weeding, release, thinning and stand improvement, for example, scarification of openings on good sites by tractors can result in abundant yellow-poplar regeneration if seed sources are or have been present THE KASKASKIA EXAMPLE In my experience as a research forester on the Kaskaskia Experiment Forest, in southern Illinois' Shawnee National Forest, the worst of the forest's thirty-eight compartment's was a twenty-one acre tract of "poor farm woodland." It was a central hardwood forest with a history of two or three partial cuttings-- mostly what we now call "high grading" with no stand improvement If this stand had been clearcut in 1952 it would have yielded 3048 board feet of sawtimber per acre. However, instead of clearcutting this tract, as many contemporary production foresters no doubt would recommend, we chose to apply a series of ecological group selection and improvement cuttings. Drawing by Michael Thompson In 1952 and 1959, group selection volume cutting on the tract yielded a total of 1762 board feet per acre and killed sixty-seven cull trees (five inches in diameter breast height and larger) per acre. By I967, the forest- now a diverse mix of oaks, hickory and yellow-poplar-was a fully stocked stand of good growing poles and small sawtimber. Fifteen yea.rs after the first intensive group selection and stand improvement treatments, this poor farm woodland tract contained 3167 board feet of sawtimber and fifty-nine good growing stock pole trees five to ten inches in diameter per acre. Obviously, the role of in-growth was very imponant I returned to this stand in 1988 to find a beautiful forest of mixed hardwoods. Diversity was high and quality was unusually good because the poor trees had been eliminated. The differences between a silvacultural clearcut and the intensive group selection from the original stand are easy to calculate. Clearcutting would have yielded a total of 3048 board feet per acre and would have had no market for the many five inch to ten inch diameter poles trees cut Intensive group selection, on the other hand, yielded 1762 board feet ofsawtimber per acre harvested in 1952 and 1959 and left behind by 1967 a volume of3167 board feet of sawtimber per acre. The total volume for the fifteen year group selection was 4929 board feet per acre (1881 board feet more than the cleaicut would have produced), plus many healthy saplings, and living and dead wildlife trees. After forty years, the differences between the two alternative treatments in terms of non-timber environmental values would be astonishing. The group selection cut stand will provide a tall canopied, diverse forest, while the clearcut will be covered by twenty-five to thirty foot tall saplings and poles. The group selection stand will be managed as an uneven-aged forest with volume and diameter distribution controls, while the clearcut will be managed as even-aged stand with area controls. In the long run, clearcutting mixed hardwood forest ecosystems seldom can be justified for amenity, environmental, or timber values. Let me emphasize again that different forest ecosystems should not be treated in exactly the same manner. But foresters must make a choice. They can follow ecological laws and care for the creation or they can disrupt the ecological trends of the forest ecosystem for quick profits and ease of operation. The best regional example of this type ofcareful forestry is Walton and Dee Smith's Waldee Forest in Macon County, NC (see report in Katuah Journal #9). Leon S. Minc/cler is a consultant in tnvironmental fortstry from Blaclc.sburg, Virginia. Dr. Minckler spent 33 years with the Forest Service at four eastern Forest Expuimtm Stations doing research in the silvicuiture and ecology of hardwoods. ExcerptedfromForest Watch magazine. Nov.-Dec., 1990. Forest Watch is published by Cascade Holistic Economic Consultants (CHEC): 3758 SE Milwaukie; f'ortland, OR 97202. I 1 1'"a££, 1992 �DearKatuah, I was musing the other day on the fact that billions of people refuse to see that we're all one big group, and the verse ~mposed itself which, in tum brought to Ol.l.Od the inte~ined lines which should represent our goal of coming together, of a common mind, to begin to heal Ela, Mother Earth. I'm an incurable optimist- it will happen, sooner or later, when enough caring people wakeup. Keep on the path, Jeffery R. Zachary DRUMMI NG What the Big Trees Say Come. Don't be afraid. We were once small and skittish too. Now we have lived so long, stretched our arms so high, loved intensely our own piece of land, loved it so much that we stay fiercely, intimately attached to it, never leaving. Fidelity is an important value in our community. Stay true to your lovers, the sky, the sun, the Earth. We watch over the young things, bearing our leaves, giving them time to grow before we sprout our spring. We don't let young things grow too fast - we shade them from the sun after a while. We know that growth, the best kind of growth happens slowly. We grow just the way you do our hearts expand year after year as our trunks get wider. That's the real growth, you know. Our roots mix more with the Earth while our tops stretch more toward the sun. We span and measure the distance between the sun and the Earth, between the darkness and the light. The gift we bring you is the gift of growing beyond youth, the gift of being in one place so long that your heart spreads wisdom wide, each_ year encircling more and more. We bnng maturity, a sense of deep belonging to an environment. We bring the courage to stand strong and alone as individuals, yet work together with the other plants, animals, rocks, soils and trees in our community. We can teach you how not to become stunted jn your growth, how to seek out the light places where the sun lets you grow. When you cut us down you remove that wisdom we hold for you: Maturity, Depth, Growth, a Widening Heart. Susan Klimczak Dear Katuah, Only just recently have I ~me aware of your flourishing ex_istence - picked you up on a table at the Tunle Island Bioregional Congress V near Hunt, Tens - didn't meet the folks who brought you there. Then a few days lacer I met one Billy of the Billys (of "Billy Home and Gardens, Ashevi~e") - but just briefly. Issue #34 was a hum~ger sustainable agriculture is a hot topic on my personal agenda. Articles by Bane, Hollis, Barnes, et al really cut to the core of the matter. I'm excited to imagine how much more material you have coverd with a similar depth of understanding and presentation. I want to take you up on your offer of back issues - find check enclosed. I'd like to bob with the ripples you're sending across the pond. Truly, Hal Strickland Johnson City, TX Drawing by Jeff Zachary ran:. 1992 Dear Katitalt, Is prescribed burning really best for our forests? I question this. What is the real answer? Sam Booher • Is prescribed burning best for our forests? That is still very much an open question. A careful reading of Karuah Jour_ nal #33 will reveal that it appears that the species composition of today's forest has been influenced by excessive human-caused ~s. particularly in the wake of the greatloggmg boom. For species such as Table Mountain pine, that is not such an i?'1pon~t . consideration. One of their specific ecological functions is to recolonize areas burned by fire. But how about oak trees? There is . accwnulating evidence that their presence 1s somehow linked 10, or at least encouraged by, fire. If fire were removed completely, ii might inhibit the presence of oaks considerably. Since the loss of the chestnut, oaks are a critical mast producer; many (continued on next pagcl �}ccrlllnl*I fmm pea• 1S) wildlife species, including black bears, depend heavily on acorns for their livelihood. Until the chestnut returns. we need to mainmin the oak trccS, and it might require fire to do it This is just one prominent example among many. So, while we all lOYC the feel of deep humus developed under a long-standiJ?g grove of old-growth trccS, we cannot issue a blanket condemnation of fire and its role in the forest. Naturally derived or not, the forest may have come to depend somewhat on fire. We may have to utili2.c fire 1 make a . 0 ttansition to a more narural system. It 1 also s possible that we will have to maintain it indefinitely. . What is narural? A provocanve question. There probably is no final answer. READING RESOURCES LOGGING Books raw stumps jut up through layers of autumn, ! Bwuon, Barry, and Malinda Cruu:htidd, eds.; The Great Fou st: An AppalachiDII Story (The Appalachian Consortium Press; Boone; 1985) whole~han$ in potential falling throufl' live limbs sttairung to break, board-length ttunks cut clean of appendages lie in parallel murder wounds Japing from chain teeth Clary, David; Timber and the Forest Service (Univeisity Press or KllrlsM, Lawrence, 1986) de Steigucr, J.E.; L.W. Hayden; D.L. Holley, Jr.; W.G. Luppold; W.G. Manin; D.H. Newman; and R.M. Shelfield; Southern AppalacNOII Tunbtr Sru.dy, (US Forest Service, Soulheasicm Forcs1Expcrimcn1 Station, General Technical Report SE-56) Susan Parker Weatherford -OW Eller, Ronald. D.; Miners, Mil/hands, and I THINK OF THOSE Mountai~ers: /ndu.srriallzation of the Appalachian Souih, 1880-1930 (University or Dear Karuah, Hello and Thanks! Please keep me on I think of those who have lost the luck your mailing list. I read both issues from They will never sec again, cover to cover. I am in the process of How the hours dwindle down to so much dust simplifying my life. I wan_t to.live i!' hru:mony And the evenings arc stow and labored with nature and your pubhcanon will bring Like a dying man's breathing, me much needed information along with a How the morning comes tacking promise sense of connectedness with others of like With sunshine hidden behind clouds. mind. l lhink of those who have tried to break The life-long spell of neglect; Thank you, I think of the conquered, Blessing and Light The ones who sought the prize and were lert, . MacClarlc Solitary performers, reciting thei r lines to an audience of air. .. Tennessee Press; Knoxville: 1982) Fri12, Edwo,d C.; Clearcutting . A Crime Against Nature (Eakin Press, Austtn, 1989) I Hllrris, Larry 0.: Tht Fragmented Forest: ls/Md Biogeography and the Preserwmon of Biotic Diversiry (Universi1y or Chicago Press: Chicago: 1984) Jackson. Laura E.; Mo11111au1 Treasures at Risk. The Fuiure ef the Southern Appalachian National Forests (The Wilderness Society, Washington, DC, 1989) ' Leopold, Aldo; A Sand CounJy Almanac (Od ord University Press; Cambridge: 1949) (continued &om peg• 19) causing political and economic friction . ~ nee again, as in the Pacific Northwest, the big companies are victimizing the small operations which are more dependent on the national forests and are caught in the squeeze between greater competition for timber and a growing concern for sustainable forest management As they did bef~ the large~ companies are employmg scare tactJcs by lhrearening massive job reductions and making accusations that conservation groups are advocating socialist control of privllC lands. Their aim is to use these claims to detraet from the true issue: that new scientific evidence is showing that current forest management of both public and priva1e lands is not sustainable and lb.at swiu:hing to a more natural form of management. such as selection silvicuhure, would create new jobs for smaller companies while at the same time protecting our native ccosysaems. Fonwwely, we in the Southeast have an advantage against cuporatc effons to divide our people. For ~ l e , in T ~ an alliance rl 40 hardwood timber comparues has organized to fight the chip mills. Indications are that the communities are realizing that if we are to ldcqualely proccct our forests we must accomplish tw0 things: we must embrace a new land ethic, and we must support our neighbors in the timber business who along with the environment have been the real p= ~JoumaL palJB28 victims of bad management policy. We must push f~r posi~ve incentive~ for our local industnes until they can adJust to a form of forest management more compatible with our environment I Minckler, Leon S.: WoodlaNI Ecology: Envirorrmtlll4I Forestry for the Small l.aNwwnu. (Syracuse University Press; Syracuse; 1975) Perlin, John; A Foru t Jouniq: TM Role ef Wood in In conclusion, we must listen to the words of Leopold, who once said, "~n ethical obligation on the pan of the pnvate land owner is the only visible remedy for these situations." Stated another way, the key to good forest management, w ~ it be~ ~blic or private land, will ulbmalCly be individual involvement The evidence of past abuse and the conclusions drawn from recent scientific research combine to support the case for a revision of policy based on a shift in values. We must change our priorities from a focus on short term commodity output to an emphasis on sustainable commun~ : The remedies we use to correct these policies must include choosing the wisest I ~. treating our land with respect, and abstaining from oven:onsumpcion. The choioe is a matter of ethics. Buzz Williams was formerly employed as afortst technician/or the US Forut Service but lost his job wlten lte protested excessive timber salu. He is now working as rite Southeastern Program Director efthe Association of Forest Service Employees f or Eff'llironmelllDl Ethics (AFSEEE). , tht Dtvtlopment ofCivilizalion (Nonon: 1989) Robinson, Gonion: T/te Forest a1ld tht Trtts: .4 Gllidt to Excellent Forestry (lsland Press; 1988) Schenck. Cart A.: TIie Birtli ef Forutry ilt "1Mrica · TIie Biltmore Forut School 1898-1913 (The ; Appalachian Consortium Press; Boone; 1974) Sloane, Eric; .4 Rtvtmice f or Wood (Henry Hoh & Co., l990edilion) Te,cll, Hugh and Bedlel Jr. High School Eighth GradeClals. SoNJ1110:ValleyofthtMoon: • Sut&btust (historical interviews with former woatas • the Sunburst Lumber Co., 1978) Articles Brothers. Robert; "Respectful Forestty," in In Con/Ul, Winter, 1984 ·ean Foresras Romance a Land Elbie?". theme of April, 1991 issueoClheJollTMl efForestry. L...-------------Falt, 1992 �THE CHAIR IN THE TREE There is a special advantage to working with green wood in doing joinery, the assembling of the chair. I use mortise and tenon joints. The mortise is simply a hole partway through the vertical post and the tenon is a tongue on the horizontal rung that fits into the hole. I put the rungs into a small 1ciln for a couple of days to get them bone dry befOl'C I make the tenons. To form the tenons, I have a cutter that works on my brace. The ten0n cutter is matched to my drill size to give an extremely close tolerance. It forms a tenon that is oversiud by about 1/U)() of an inch. I make the mortises while the post is still green. Green wood shrinks as it dries, so after the pieces are joined the mortises dry around the tenons and lock them into place. That makes a tighter joint than anything that can be done with kiln dried lumber. Assembling the chair can be tense, but it is satisfying. I use a rawhide mallet ro . 1moclc the pieces into place. It's a fine feeling to watch all those pans that I made laboriously one by one come together to become a whole chair. I protect the finished chair frame with a few coats of tung oil. I like the natural colors of the different woods, so I don't use any stains. The chairs darlcen slowly and evenly as they age. by Tucker Windover I live now in Madison County and I have been working wood for nearly two years. For me, interest and somc~s inspiration come from the wc:><x! 1~lf - from walking in the woods, from sphnmg firewood. or from seeing a fine table or cabineL Different woods have their own smells and textures. When you become curious about wood, and begin woodworking with a ttcc, you can never be sure exactly what you are getting into. Any piece of wood could contain hidden knots, a twisted grain, or a beautiful curly figure. There is wide variety, even within the same species, so you can't know what to ex~. The cha.irmaking process stanS with finding wood in the fo_rcsL ~u~ting wood reminds me of fly-fishing - n gives me an excuse to be out in the woods. I find myself wandering around looking for tn:CS, or sometimes just wandering around. I remember those moments as I go through the process of buil~g ~ chair. -ro ~p that connection in mind 1 very sansfying. s Like any logger, I am usually looking for trees more than 14 inches in diameter. I search for oak and hick<X')'. Occasionally I have found ash in this area, but I have never used iL Black walnut is always a nice possibility, if you can luck into iL I don't saw the logs into boards. Instead, I split the log into four even sections or qlWterS with wedges and a sledge hammer. Every time I open up a log, I feel anticipation as I drive in one wedge after another until it spliu apart. Ideally tl';C log. splits into two perfect halves. Sometimes n snaps open with a sharp "crack!," and.the two halves roll apan as ncally as opemng a book. Sometimes I fight and tear and cuss and finally have to haul out the axe to get the stubborn log to spliL So~ are hopes and disaPt>Ointments. I never know what experiences lie inside a given ~. and I n~ know bow many chairs a log will make until all the pans are shaved down to their final sizes. Finding good chair legs and rungs in a log is tricky business. To get my "rough stock" (wood which is roughly the siz.e of my finished chair pans), I split the quarters by a process called "riving," which is carefully CO!'trolled splitting. Trees such as oak, hickory, and ash arc called "ring porous woods" aDC;1 are the easiest to split this way, due to their pattern of annual growth. Their spring and early . summer growth consists of large-por:ed. airy cells. while their late season growth 1s dense. The ttcc thus becomes a wrapping of well-defined strong and weak layers. Splitting along these layers is controllable and reasonably predictable. I ming this rough stoelc to the shaving horse - a low bench with a jaw that grasps the wood just below the c~ lev_l of someone c sining on the horse. The Jaw is opened and closed with a foot treadle. With the stoelc held Falt, 1992 steady in the jaw, I carefully shape out the chair pans with a drawlcnife and a spokeshave. A spokeshave is a small to0l that has a mounted blade with a handle on either side. It is designed especially for working rounded surfaces. lt was first used to make wagon wheels - hence its name. I work the wood while it is still greeg. Wood is much softer when it is green and thus men suitable for working with hand tools. I measure and mule my pieces. but I also have to rely on my hands and my eyes. To get a really fine finish on my chairs. I use a finely tuned spokeshave. Sandpaper abrades wood. To get a clean finished surf~ on wood most chainnakas use a lcecn-cutbng hand plane or spokeshave. A good spokeshave can cut a shaving that is thinner than tissue paper. It is simple in design. but it is a remmbblc IDOL Wood shaved by hand has a texture which 1alhcd wood lacks. It sometimes rcuins curves or pccutiarim that are reminiscent of the ttcc's original growth. There might be a tiulc knot, a little bit of twist, or a wormhole. Different woods feel different in your hands when you arc working th~ They give differently under the drawknife. Some are troublesome and can be a challenge ro shave down to a clean surface. Red oak can be very coarse, while hickory shavings tend to be more even and smooth. You can 1eam to recognize green woods by their smell as well as by their feel. Walnut is a favorite wood of mine. It has a wonderful smell It's greaa to have a ~e of walnut shavings in the shop. Red oak lS sometimes called "piss-oak" because of its smell. But it never bodlcn me. I like bow wood smells. Hickory bark is my favorite ma1eria1 for making chair seats. The bark must be harvested in the spring or early summer. At that time of year, when ~ is rapid growth and lots of moisture in the tree, the bark is tender and easy to wark. I choose a sapling (CClllliaad cm Mlll pap) �~continued rrom page 27) make any sense. I recently saw a videotape of an old man from Switzerland, a cooper. He was obviously a master craftsperson. Although he had great dexterity and technical expenise, what impressed me the most was how completely this man was absorbed in his work. While he was working in his shop, he was in his place. This clement of crafunanship - this combination of composure and concentration - is what work is about. If that element of lhe craft is lacking, lhen our labor is incomplete. Fine craftsmanship requires complete attention. But to achieve lhis level of attention, a woodworker needs to understand - to see and to experience - the whole process of lhe object he has wrought, from the forest to the finished piece. There are times when I feel at home with my work. Of course, some days it just feels like hard work. But there are other days when it is sweet, so sweet, to listen to and shave off the outer bark, exposing the inner bark, which is quite pretty. I score lines one inch apan the length of the tree with a jackknife, and peel off the inner bark one strip at a time. I use this inner bark to weave the chair seat. Any woodworker learns quickly that in order to make a living, the hand tool must be dropped at some point and the electric powered tool needs to be used. The process of building a single chair is simply too labor intensive. For myself, however, I am not sure how to define the line where handwork drops off and machine work begins. Machines make production many times easier and faster; but what good is there in having so many cheap mass-produced objects? The real concern is: to what extent have machine tools improved crafrsmo.nship? Here, we need to understand what craftsmanship really is, which is hard to do because there are so few craftspeople around any more. To find someone who can take clay or glass or wool and turn it into something that is beautiful and functional as well, that is a truly wonderful thing. Machines have not made better craftspeople; they have eliminated them, which does not sh,viog, ,,.., off <he woode/ ~ Drawing by Hope Walker Plwto by Elmu Holl "The area's oldest and latgcst natural foodsgroo?fY " c.o"'°'illG- •oo~ Bulk Herbs, Spices, & Grains Vitamins & Supplements Wheat, Salt & Yeast-Free Foods Dairy Substitutes Hair & Skin Care Products Beer & Wine Making Supplies CA.~~s ,ao &6~ aaoc,. C"-\\~~lt,N.C. 2.1-,,r Ill l)•llc,c234 -NC287J9 200 W. King St, Boone, NC 28607 ~)6934>l35 speaking f2.r..the earth. whole earth grocery dclcr of Big Cove 1pealu of tndiliom and 1inp the Booger Dance, Crcco Coro Dance and ' ·, .·. '\ I r1 .. NATURAL MARKET WHOLE FOODS • BULK FOODS • VITAMINES • HERBS • FAT PREE FOODS • TAKE OUT FOODS • SNACKS • NO SALT, NO CHOLESTEROL 265-2700 823 Blowing Rock Rd. Boone. NC 28607 Xotilah Jou.mat page 28 ~ NATURAL ALTERNATIVES FOR HEALTHFUL LIVlNG 446 e.parkway aaft center • suite 11 gatlinburg, tennessee 37738 615-436-6967 ~ 14,\ othen with drum and rattk. WHERE THE RAVENS ROOS1 .:.: f'ril (704) 264-5220 Cherokee traditional tongs of Walker Calhoun Sn£Cnsx> AS Ml OOl"STAl,'l)fl,IQ RlUt R£coaDrNQ 8Y THE UIIMltT 0/F• Talking Leaves is a moothly journal of deep ecology, inspired penoual activism rooted in wthm spirituality. Past issues have featured articles by Gary Snyder, Swbawk, Jobo Seed, Joanoa Macy, Bill Devall, Looe Wolf Circles. Barbara Mor, etc. Ta/Jcing Lea,-a speus for the oannl world and for the rekindlioa of our own wild spirit COH(IJIBSS CMmn AND IIOOICLIT S 12 Moul<TAIN HDITA<lt CDrn:ll WIS"lnN CAllOLIN,\ UNTVtUlTY Cuu.ow8i:!, NC 28723 Subscriptions arc $18.00 one year/ SZA.00 outside U.S. Ta/Jcing Lea,-a 1430 Willamette 1'361 Eu,-, OR 97401 503/342-2974 Taft, 199rz �Reading the Grove by Charlotte Homsher These are some of my observations on how to study trees in a grove with an eye to recognizing che invisible forces at work. In order co find a grove, the first thing you have to do is gee off the main trail. Hiking trails are almost always arbitrary cues that slice across the forest. Exceptions to this are the Indian trails which were the original animal runs or bison trails. Trees do eventually accommodate the presence of the artificial trails, but this is a process that can take several generations of human lifetimes. To get to a grove, I recommend walking barefoot to minimii.e the impact on the forest floor and also to stimulate one's sensual awareness by immediate, direct contact with the earth. Finding a magic grove is something like searching for morel mushrooms. It requires quiet observation, stealth, and perseverance. The object is to find a grove where the trees have no particular relationship with humans but are primarily connected in a group with each other. A grove is defined by specific physical boundaries which may be water, rock formations, or an abrupt change in vegetati9n. The shape of a grove is usually circular. I can most easily recognize a grove if I am looking for a nature spirit home or settlement. To some there may be a question of whether the nature spirits created a grove in a particular way to accommodate themselves or whether a certain panem of tree growth attracted the nature spirits. I think it is co-creation of both the trees and the spirits or of the visible and the invisible. I do recognize a grove as having specific character which changes even a few feet away. A grove supports more variety of life than the trees immediately outside the grove. lfl want to understand the relationships of trees to each other in a grove, I need to stay very quiet and observe as a detached outsider. The tree itself is an interface of superimposed spatial realities. There is energy at every level of the tree, from the deepest taproot all the way up the trunk into the canopy and above the crown. These energies can be felt, or seen as color and/or shape. Those who can see nature spirits describe this creative energy as a variety of spirits which live on one tree. (I am thirucing particularly of Geoffrey Hodson who watched nature spirits change shape and size as they fluidly dissolved in and out of the solid mass of the tree.) Auras of trees blend with each other. Mature trees have expansive auras which bathe nearby younger trees in their light. l believe this is a generational nourishing and teaching process in which the older trees influence the younger trees. Like people, trees can take on a predominate level of energy which can be defined as chakra level or specific role playing. Native Americans referred to trees as the Standing Men because, like us, trees ThC£, 1992 stand upright between heaven and earth. A grove is a family group of separate beings that at the same time creates the one Standing Man represented by all the trees playing different pans to make the whole. What I call the grounded tree is analogous to the grandmother or grandfather and may be the oldest, largest tree. Much like the function of the feet of humiµ1s, this tree is particularly adept at bringing earth energy up through the roots and trunk and making this earth nourishment available to the plant life in the immediate vicinity. It helps in the nourishing process as does the binhing tree, the mother tree. The seeds from the mother tree are particularly potent. There may be more nature spirit activity around these trees, especially of the kind of nature spirit interested in seed saving and propagation. The mother tree supports an abundance of life of every kind. Birds and forest animals are attracted to the mother tree. Moss and growth of all kinds will be abundant on the trunk. The boughs of the tree may extend to neighboring trees in a nesting kind of way. Unusually lush patches of wildflowers or many sapling trees will grow close to the mother tree. The beauty tree is particularly graceful in form and is a joy and inspiration to all the other trees. The speaker rree is the communicator and the mediator. It understands the language of many life forms and relays information. Of all the trees in the grove the speaker tree is the one most likely to speak to humans. If one spends a long enough time under a speaker tree, the tree will begin to influence one's thoughts. It has listened to the stories of woodland animals and migrating birds. It knows about the health of its species and about trees in other parts of the world. The spire tree is the tree in the grove most resp~>nsible for bringu'!g in the cosmic energies. It is usually the talfest tree. It has the most far-reaching view. It helps open up the species or the grove itself into inter-dimensional reality. The reaching bough trees are the good neighbors, the loving trees. They intertwine their limbs with nearby trees and twist their trunks toward their neighbors. They extend the wannth and comfon of their being to the other trees. Not every grove will contain all these types of trees. This is only an indication of the outward form of what I think is an awareness of trees for each other. Young trees do not have enough character to have assumed importance in the relationships of the grove. But if a mature tree is destroyed, then a younger tree, even an understory tree, can be groomed by the nature spirits to replace the old tree. If this happens, the characteristic traits of the mature tree will begin to manifest in the smaller, chosen tree, which may be of a different species. I·know of one grove in which several prominent "trees" are actually old-growth ,,# rhododendron. p Drawing by Pegi �The North Carolina American Chestnut Foundation If the American Chestnut tree is to once again compliment the mountains of the Katuah bioregion, your help will be needed. This is not a hybrid tree. Planted here on a half-acre of land are some forty-seven true American chestnut seedlings. But they cannot grow on such a limited piece of land. They need many acres on which to spread their magnificence; where both human and animal can enjoy their fruits. This is a hypovirulent strain, and therefore blight-resistant. Such trees usually survive attack by the fungus Endotlua parasirica. These seedlings have come from old trees that have resisted the virus. By constant checking and proper nunuring, we may re-establish this tree in our moutains. Will you help? These seedlings must be transplanted into their permanent home no later than February or March of 1993. They are three year old seedlings. and doing just fine now, but they will need land to mature on. Money (for more trees and help in bringing them to maturity) is needed and so is a great deal of acreage. The more land available, the more of these special trees can be grown, and the more the land and wildlife will gain. Are there old farms no longer being fanned for whatever reason? ls their acreage unused? Are there landowners who have no children to leave their land to, who would rather see it go to something beneficial to the Earth and the many animals for whom the chestnut was a staple food? Would you be interested in supporting the chestnut rather than have your land go to the State where, too often, wealth or political power, permit clear-cutting and destruction instead of caring? This work is not for profit. Do you remember as a child the beauty of the tree, and the unmatchable flavor of chestnuts cooked in an iron skillet over an open fire? That beauty and the joy of chestnuts can be shared with today's young people, and tomorrow's. We must have a deep and abiding faith that God will touch the hearts of those who can help this effort to allow these trees their full potential. If you want to help and be a part of this worthwhile goal, generations to come will be forever grateful. Dorothy Diclcson The North Carolina Amtrican Chestnut Foundation l l ] Awumn lane llarri.sonburg, NC 28075 (The North Carolina Amtrican ChestnUJ Foundation is not offiliattd in any woy wirh the American Chestnut FoundallOn.) RARE SPEOES NEED HELP! The Biodiversity Legal Foundation (BLF) is calling on grassroots environmenral activists with a strong biological interest and legal orientation to develop comprehensive reviews of the biological status and distribution of inadequately protected rare and endangered species in the East. Information cpllected in these status reviews will be used to develop and implement effective administrative, legal, and public education programs on behalf of the species or subspecies. These are all species that the Biodiversity Legal Foundation considers to be biologically threatened or endangered. but that have not been added to the official list of federally protected species under the Endangered Species Act Species of special concern requiring priority status reviews in the Appalachian states include: Brachymenium andersonii Cy/indrocolea andersoni Psoralea macroplcylla (scurf-pea) Solidago plumosa lesquerella perf orata (Spring Creek bladder pod) Lesquerella sronensis (Stones River bladder pod) The Biodiversity Legal Foundation conducts biological research to identify species that are in need of protection under the Endangered Species Act and provide the necessary documentation to press petitions before the US Fish and Wildlife Service for endangered species status. BLF staff will cooperate in the development of conservation and recovery plans for petitioned and listed specie:s or will develop legal actions to compel federal and state agencies to comply with the laws intended to protect natural diversity, as is appropriate. Contact: The Biodivusiry ugal Foundation Boz 18327 Boulder, CO 80308 ~vl-~,~-,~ w -~ V' Alternatives ... The Dirt1ctnry of lntt-ntional ConfJ,wnlllt!. is lhe prod· < uct of two years of intensive research. and is lhe most comprehensive and accurate di.rectory available. It documcnis lhe vision and lhc daily ltfc of more lhan 350 communities in North America, aud more lhan 50 on olher continents. Each community's listing includes name, address. phone. and a dcsc,ip•Jon of lhc group. Extensive cross-rcfcrcnr,ni; and mil'-• ing makes lhe infonnation easy to access for., wide vancty of users. Includes maps, over 250 atldit.ional kesourcc listings, and 40 rclared articles. Programs to encourage self ond Earth oworeness. celeblolion. kinship ond hope. Covi~ffiN'i·1·11·~~ Perfcctbouud • Youth Camps • School Programs • Famlly Camps· Te&cher Tra,n,ng • Community Program• • Camp Slaff Training • Outdoot Program Consulting Octobu I990 ISBN Number: 0 9602714-1-4 .~°P P.O. Box 1306 Gon.,burg. Temessee 3n33 6 15--436-6203 328 pages 11-1/hll ~ • •L ~: w t $16.00 Add $2.00 postage & handling ror first book. $.50 for each aJdt1ionJl; 4u% <l rM:ount on orders of 111 w more. Alpha Fann. Deadwood. OR (509)~5102 REGIONAL RADIO Featuring Crossroads music, NPR news and music programs, regional news and information concerning health, education, government, recreation, and the environment. WNO/II· FM P.O. Box 804 Spindolc, NC 28160 (704) 287-8000 ,=-on, l 992 �TRANSFORM Transportation in NC The Four Directions: Native Literary Magazine The Snowbird Publishing Company of TelJico Plains, TN is owned by Native American Indians and publishes works by native people. Now !he company is offering The Four Directions American Indian literary Quarterly. The magazine will make available the poetry, short stories, anicles, historic narratives, and artwork of the native peoples. Tt will also fearure commentary on issues facing the native tribes today: education, health, women's issues, thefts of native artifacts ("professional" as well as "amateur), and environmental issues. The first two issues of The Four Directions Literary Quarterly are now on sale. Snowbird Publishing Company is owned by Joanna and William Meyer of Tellico Plains. Joanna is Cherokee/Navajo; William is Cherokee/Creek. Between them, the two have much experience in writing, editing, and publishing, as well as working in native communities on issues of concern to the native people. William has been assistant editor and reporter for the American Indian Historical Society and its newspaper Wassaja. He was also editor of publications for fndigena, Inc., an international organi7.ation of native peoples based in Berkeley, CA. With Burke Armstrong, he co-founded American Indian News Team, the first national Indian news agency. TM Four Directions A=rican Indian literary Quarterly is available for $21.00 for four issues from Snowbird Publishing company; Box 729; Tellico plains, TN 37385. CaU (615) 546-7001. POWER TO THE PESSIMISTS! "What's happ'nin'?" Here's how to find out - what's cool and what's not, what's drab and what's hot. lt's Power 10 the Pessimists, a rare glimpse into the mind of (some ot) today's young people, freely offered by the students themselves. The mystery publisher of P llJ the P is identified only as Monrovia, thought to be a student at the Mountain Heritage High School in Burnsville, NC. The stapled newsletter is all '90's - xerographies, paper gra.fitti, poems, personal (very!) statements, random decorative art pieces (doodles), and lots of tenth grade wit and wisdom This paper even has "sensitive boy poets!" - and you thought they were dead! Young people will want to check out Power to the Pessimists as valuable communication. Older people will relish,the perspective it offers on the world as the coming generation sees it. (So, obviously, it's a publication for everyone.) Entertaining and insightful, P co the P is.. .is.. Js... fresh! And definitely worth picking up on. Contacl Power 10 IM Pessimists al: 1890 Hannah Branch Rd. Burnsville, NC 28714 (IL's only $5.00 for one year - bu1 !hey deserve better lhan lhaL) Spurred by a recent series of articles published in the North Carolina Independent, a group of North Carolina citizens gathered on the lawn of the state capitol in Raleigh September 10 10 announce the formation of the NC Alliance for Transportation Reform. The group consists of individuals from many different backgrounds. Some members are veteran road-fighters who want to protect their yards or neighborhoods from intrusive projects. Some are people who see our automotive lifestyle as one that the natural world cannot afford. Others believe they should not be paying the high tax rates that come with unneeded highway projects. The statewide group proposes that the the current system of political favoritism be replaced with <?ne that gives o~ary ci~ens, environmental1sts, planners, pubhc transit advocates, and the scientific community more authority. Transponation Reform would abolish the Highway Trust Fund (transponation funding would be subject to the same rules and budget procedures as all other state projects), and it would require the DOT to use environmental standards that meet or exceed federal regulations. The group will target gubernatorial and legislative candidates during the 1992 election and it will ask the two candidates for state auditor to commit to an in-depth performance audit of the DOT. For more information, write: N.C. Alliance for Transportation Reform; Box 1002; Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514, or call western North Carolina contact Rusty Sivils at (704) 258-8737. Drawing by Hope Walker 1492-1992: NEW VISIONS NEW ALLIANCFS Wbile many ,cc the issues ofColwnbus' invasioa u SOO )UIS in lhc past. llw:rc by ~ob Messick Get a set of 10 assorted folding cards with artwork as seen in I<atuah Journal. Send $11.25 ppd to: Rob Messick Rt.8, Box323 Lenoir, NC 28645 Tact, 1992 arc about 1.4 million original North ~ among us loday. They Olce • wide range or life and death issues lo which newer Americans ue o'14I blind. 1491,1991.- NEW VJSJONS, NEW ALLJ. AJ.K:ES provides insights Ullo lhe Europe from ~b Columbus Jmmcbed bis Y(Tj· ages, a mon: realistic portrayal of North American histoiy followmg lhe European mvasioa. and ccamplcs of lhc battles Native AmcritaDS musl still f'3hl lod3y. 30 pp. S4 each. Sl.SO for IS or more. ENERGY rooLS ·l·lfMJ~G, WAWDS· MtD ICIN€ BAGS C.RYSTALS•TI\Ll<INC:i STICl(S • DRU~.S • MEDI C.INE STAFFS•SiONES ANO MO~ ASHEVILLE. NC 704-158- tt'l~I Return to: Mobilization for SUrvival 328 Flatbush Ave., Suite 155 Brooklyn, NY 11238 Drawing by Michael Thompson '.K.atuah Jou.mat page 31 �events 'l WAYNESVILLE, NC Meditation Retreat gives you the chance IO spend the weekend with your reflective self. Leon Frankel, resident managet of Stil-Light Theosophical Retrea1 Center, will offer instruction in basic breath-awareness meditation toclmiques. Pre-register: $40 plus meals and lodging. For more info on this and other programs, contaet Stil-Lighl, Route I, Box 326, Waynesville, NC 28786. (704) 452-4569. ASHEVILLE, NC Reading the Inner Tree is a short course on tuning into tree energy. Learn to recognize special trees and magic groves with facilitator Oiarlotte Homsher. Pre-register. S35 for beginners' two-session class on Ociober 3 and IO. Advanced class will be Octobu 24, and cost $25. For more info, call (704) 253-5917. BLACK MOUNTAIN, NC Southeast Light Linlc '92 is a regional network gathering for those involved in planetary uansformation. The agenda includes large and small cucles to share ideas, resources, visions ... no workshops! Pre-register.$115 includes meals and lodging. For info, contact Anne Gillis, 4311 Harvest Hill Road, Memphis, TN 38141. (901) 761-3435 or (901) 362-8431. 27-29 CHEROKEE, NC Cherokee Fall Festival at the Ceremonial Grounds. Traditional dancing and costumes, dance competitions. For info, call (800) 438-1601. 6-10 30-11/1 WESSER, NC 10th Guest Appreciation Festival and Used Equipment Sale will include music, mini-courses and general family fun. For info on this and other events, CODll!Cl the Nantahala OuldoorCcntcr, 41 Hwy 19 West., Bryson City, NC 28713. (704) 488-2175. NORRIS, TN Tennessee Fall Homecoming is a celebration of traditional mountain culture at the }fuscum of Appalachia. Music, crafts and demonstrations of rural life skills, in addition IO the Museum's regular exhibits. For info, call the Museum at (615) 494-7680. 7-11 SEPTEMBER 18-30 WASHBURN, TN Intensive Pennaculture for the Southeast is an intensive course offering practical training in the design of agricultural ecosystems with the diversity and long-term sustainability of the natural world.Course will be held at Narrow Ridge Farm and will focus on strategies and techniques for the Katuah bioregion. Contact: Chuck Marsh; Box 1488; Highlands, NC 28741 (704) 526-3535. ASHEVJLLE, NC "Kituwah" - the second annual iniertribal Native American culrural celebration. Drumming and dance competition, traditional crafts sale, juried fine ans show and an educational program for kids will all happen at the Asheville Civic Center. Admission: $5-10. For mo.re info, call (704) 252-3881. SWANNANOA,NC Drum andRanle Making Wodcshop with Hawk Hurst. For more info about this and other programs, contaet the Earth Center. See 10/10. 23-25 3 ASHEVILLE, NC WNC Alliance Annual Membership Meeting is open IO the public as the Alliance marts its lCllth anniversary. Agenda includes workshops and legislative update. Pre-register. SIS includes lunch. For info, contact the AlJjance, 70 Woodfin Place, Asheville, NC 28801. (704) 258-8737. 3 1 7-JS NOVEMBER 6-8 10 SWANNANOA, NC Dance for the Ancestors will follow the monthly Full Moon Lodge at the Earth Center. All-night dancing, singing and drumming to honor the Native People, five hundred years after Columbus. Families are encouraged to come. For more info, contact the Eanh Center, 302 Old Fellowship Road, Swannanoa, NC 28778. (704) 298-3935. ~ GREAT SMOKIES PARK Appalachian Crafl Jubilee will provide an oppornmity IO learn traditional mountain craft techniques in basketry, pottery, weaving and other crafts. Pre-register: $100 includes meals and lodging. For info on this and other programs, contac1 Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont, Rt I, Box 700, Townsend, TN 37882. (615) 448-67()() 7 SWANNANOA, NC Full Moon Lodge begins at noon each month, followed by a shared meal. cau the Earth Center for more info. See 10/10. 24-27 CULLOWHEE, NC Mountain Heritage Day is a celebcation of the music, dance, crafts and folklifc of Katuah. Shape-note singers, gunsmiths, storytellers. quilters and others will be on hand, in addition to the Mountain Heritage Center's exhibits. For more info, contact the Center at Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723. (704) 227-7234. 26 11 FULL MOON/ HUNTERS MOON 10 FULL MOON/ BEAVER MOON DECEMBER HELEN, GA Falling Leaves Rendezvous will offer serious instruction in the ans and lifeways of indigenous people. Skills include making fire by friction, stallcing and tracking, tool making, plant identification. lnstuctors will be Darry Wood, Snowbear, and others. For info, contact Bob Slack, Jr., Unicoi Stare Part, Helen, GA 30545. (404) 878-2201. 15-18 2-6 HOT SPRINGS, NC From Confusion IO Enlightenment is the title of a meditative retreat led by Thubten Chodron. an American Tibetan Buddhist nun. Pre-register: S 150 includes vegan meals and lodging. For info on this and other programs, contact Southern Dharma Rcireat Center, RL I, Box 34H, Rot Springs, NC 28743. (704) 622-7112. S-6 OCTOBER JONESBORO, TN 20th Annual National Storytelling Festival will feawre the best yam-spinners and tall-tale-tellers from all ovet. For info, call the National Association for the Preservation and PerpctuAtion of Storytelling at (615) 753-2171. 2-4 Drawing by Rob Messick 16-18 NEW MARKET, TN STP School is a periodic weekend gathering designed to "benefit members of grassroots groups currenlly working on concrete environmental issues." This session will focus on environmental litigation. Pre-register: cost is low and negotiable. For info about this and other programs, coniac1 the Highlander Center, 1959 Highlander Way, New Market TN 37820. (615) 933-3443. GREAT SMOKIES PARK Winter Highcountry Camping in a backcountry shelter. For info on this and other field COl11'SCS, contact Smoky Mountam Field School, 600 Henley Street., Suite 105, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37902. (800) 284-8885 or (615) 974-0150. 9 FULL MOON ralC., 1992 �GOOD EAR1H .ORGANJ~ - in Asheville has a nctWOrk-~eting p~-wh)ch can provide a substantial part-time income. (Full time in 18-24 months). This is needed in any area, no training required. We provide !raining and all assistance needed to get you started in yoor own business. Contact Good Earth at (704) 252-7169. RAW. CHEMICAL-FREE HONEY • with comb or withoUL Tulip poplar and Sourwood honey from the foresis of Patrick County, VA. No chemical. no white sugar, no heal - ever. Strained through cheesecloth and packed in glass. Limited quantities. Call or write for prices and availability. Wade Buckholts - Bull Mountain Beelreepers; Rt 2, Box 1516: Stuart. VA 24171. (703) 694-4571. WISE WOMAN TRADmON • herbal healing workshops with Wh.itewolf. • Sept 12-13: Campout and weed walks, Waynesville, NC. • Sept 29 • Oct 4: Apprentice Week near Atlanta, GA. • Nov. 6-8: Fall Rootwork Weekend in NC mountains. Root digging, medicine-making, inner journeying. Sliding scale, work-exchange. Wolf, P.O. Box 576; Asheville, NC 28802. TI-IE ALTERNATIVE READING ROOM. is an unconventional library; free and open 10 the public. Our collection interests include the environment, social and political issues, the media and peace. We have over 200 magazine subscriptions. The book and video collections also emphasize the environment and political concerns. Books and VCR's can be checked out A video player is available for watch.ing films in the reading room. Located at 2 Wall St. #114; Asheville, NC 28801 (704) 252-2501. Mon/Wed/Fri 6-8 pm - Tues/Sol I0-6pm - Sat/Sun l-6pm BEGINN1NG CHEROKEE LANGUAGE BOOKNATIVE AMERICAN CEREMONIALS • include handcrafted Native American ceremonial supplies. Drums, Custom Pipes, Medlcine Bags, SweetgraSs, Sage, Feathers, Rawhide Raules, Tobaccos, Pipe Bags, Native Autes, and more! For lice catalog send to: P.O. Box 1062-K; Cherokee, NC 28719. TREE PLANTERS NEEDED - Men, Women, families. Hare! work (much done for paper & timber co's.) for great pay. December through March in the Southeast Mobile camper rt.quired (pick-up with camper, trailer, van, bus, etc.) Send resume to: Eclcerman Forestry Service; RLI, Box 290-D: Wam:nsville, NC 28693. (919) 385-6838. BACK TO THE SOURCE - is an advenwre in the spectacular beauty of our remaining wilderness and is the highest quality baclcpaclcing guide service available. We specialize in small group, minimal impact journeys into the most remote wildlands in America. For a brochure write: Back to the Source, Lee Mercer; 361 I White Ave; Baltimore, MD 21206. (410) 426-6016. - - life's n=essitiesfor less - - FRENCH BROAD Fooo supplemented with two cassettes. Stresses alphabet & proper pronunciation. The first textbook written for use in ieaching and learning the Cherolcee language. (346 pages) $39.95 plus $5.00 shipping. Calalog also available with tapes., books, pipes, dance sticks, drums, feathers, furs, buffalo products, and more. Craft supplies also available. (please specify). Send $200 to the Muskrat Trader, P.O. Box 20033; Roanoke, VA 24018. HAWKWIND EAR1H RENEWAL COOPERATIVE • is a 77 acre wilderness retreat located on Loolcout Mountain Parkway in northern Alabama Easy ~ . safe family camping, year round weekend programs featuring Native American elders and Eanh teachers from around the world. Strong spiritual foundation with Earth Renewal emphasis, membership discount co-op. There is no charge for Native American ceremonies; reservations required for all visits, please. Childcare often available. Write: P.O. Box 11; Valley Head. AL 35989 (205) 635-6304. For quarterly newsleuer and program updates send $10.00. • There is a charge of $2.50 (pre-paid) per entry of 50 words or less in Webworking. Submit entries for Issue #37 by November 15, 1992 to: Rob Messick; Rt. 8, Box 323· Lenoir, NC 28645. (704) 754-6097. • Co,op Kalmia Center, Inc. 90 8u.TMOR£ A ~ 00WIJTOVIN AsHEv!ui Sylva, NC (704) 293-3015 ('104) yr,,,r ammumity Custom tilling, organic fertilizers, kelp meal, colloidal phosphate & many more products and services for abundant gardening and healthful living. 255-7650 .....,.,,.,,.,_,,... groary stare ..... ~F--,•t .... •lpm. ......,.laa D f llffi. rl :Thu W WHOLE FOODS VITAMINS ORGANIC PRODUCE 160 Broadway Asheville, North Carolina Open 7 Days a Week Monday - Friday 9 am - 8 pm Saturday 9 am - 6:30 pm Sunday 12 pm - 5 pm fnll, 1992 NATIVE FLUTES Two styles made of cedar or walnut woods in the traditional manner Hawk Littlejohn Sourwood Farm Rt. 1, Box 172-L Prospect Hill, NC 27314 (919) 562-3073 Sa"'!)' Mush Herb Nursto/ WREATHS•POTPOURRI • HERBS • TOPIARY Complete Herb Catalog - $4 Describes more than 800 plants from Aloe to Yarraw Rt 2, Surrett Cove Road Leicester, North Carolina 2874S Phone for appointment to visit (704) 683-2014 �D ear Members of Katuah Journal, After nearly 10 years of service to the Karuah Bioregional Province, the Katuah Journal newspaper will be ceasing publication in the summer of 1993. We have not been able to find enough people able to take long term responsibility for a project of this scale on a volunteer basis. While we are stopping the journal, we will keep the non-profit organization "Karuah" alive in order to have the.option of carrying out future bioregional projects. The Board of Directors for the Karuah organization will consist of: David Wheeler, Rob Messick, and Lee Barnes. We will meet at least once a year to keep track of organization business and to discuss future options. Any member who has project ideas or is interested in participating in this process should write us at: Karuah Futures; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645 or call (704) 754-6097. The winter issue of Katuah Journal #37 will be on "Bio-visions" or graphic art representations of what the bioregion is and what it could be. In the spring we will publish an issue devoted to alternative transportation in the Karuah bioregion. The final summer issue will contain an index to the Katuah Journal, a listing of other bioregionally-oriented organizations in the province, and tie up loose ends. Thank you for your generous support of Katuah Journal over the years. Without your help the paper would not have been as vibrant or as vital as it has been . We d ecided to end the tradition of publishing the journal with some measure of strength, rather than watch it slowly fizzle out. If you have comments or suggestions for the future, we w ould like to hear from you. Sincerely, Katuah Journal Staff /1 I would like to order issues: #37 (Winter 1992-93) "Bio-visions" #38 (Spring 1993) Alternative Transportation #39 (Summer 1993) Index & Resources Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ For a total value of $7.50 Katuah Journal Rt. 8 Box 323 Lenoir, NC Katuah Province 28645 Issue #39 of the Ka Mah Journal will contain a resource guide to groups and organizations devoted to protecting and restoring the natural world in the bioregion and working to sustain the web of life and our human economic and social systems in Katuah. We have postulated the following categories of activity: Regional Economy Health and Healing Appropriate Technology Appropriate TranspoTtation Councils &: Decision Making Peace Issues &: Conflict Resolution Xatuaf, Jour naC page 34 Shelter Education Agriculture Spiritual Life Natural Ecology Drawing by Rob Messick Town _ _ _ _ _ State_ _ Zip _ _ __ The success of this project will depend on your participation. Please send us information about your group and other groups that are working in your area. Offer other categories, if you like. Use additional sheets of paper if necessary. Give name, address, phone number, a one paragraph description of their work, and possibly a brief quote expressing their purpose. Enclose a copy of the organizational logo, if possible, and any photographs or drawings of group activities or the products of their work. Please also enclose your name, address, and phone in case there is a need for follow-up contacts. Submissions must be received by April 31, 1993. Mail to Katuah Journal; Rt. 8, Box 323; Lenoir, NC 28645. rau., 1992 �··:KAT UAH KON FU S\ON :.. b-:, Rob MessicK BACK ISSUES OF KATUAH JOURNAL AVAILABLE ISSUE THREE-SPRING 1984 Sustainable Agriculture. Sunflowers· Human Impact on the Forest - Childrens' Education· Veronica Nicholas: Woman in Politics· Little People • Medicine Allies ISSUE FOUR· SUMMER 1984 Water Drum· Walef Quality. Kudzu · Solar Eclipse • Clearculling • Trout • Going IO Water • Ram Pumps· MicrohydJO. Poems: Bennie Lee Sinclair, Jim Wayne Miller ISSUE FIVE· FALL 1984 Harvest - Old Ways in Cherokee. Ginseng· Nuclear Waste - Our Celtic Heritage - Bioregionalism: Past, Present. and Future - John Wilnoty - Healing Dnnmess - Politics of Participation ISSUE SlX • WINTER 1984-8S Winter Solstice Eanh Ceremony - Horsepasture River - Coming of the Light - Log Cabin Mountain Agriculture: The Right Crop - William Taylor - The Future of the Forest ISSUE SEVEN - SPRING 198S Sustainable Economics. Hot Springs· Worker Ownership-The Great Economy - Self Help Credit Union - Wild Turkey • Responsible Investing Working in the Web of Life lSSUE EIGI-IT • SUMMER 198S Celebration: A Way of Life- Katuah 18,000 Years Ago· Sacred Sites - Follc Arts in the Schools - Sun Cycle/Moon Cycle - Poems: Hilda Downer Cherokee Heritage Center. Who Owns Appalachia? ISSUE NINE - FALL 198S The Waldee Forest - The Trees Speak • Migrating Forests - Horse Logging - Slllrting a Tree Crop • Urban Trees • Acom Bread - Myth Time ISSUE TEN- WINTER 198S-86 Kate Rogers. Circles of Stone . lntcmal Mythmaking - Holistic Healing on Trial - Poems: Steve Knauth - Mythic Places - The Uklena's Talc • Crystal Magic - "Dreamspealcing• ISSUE THIRTEEN - FALL 1986 Center For Awakening • Elizabeth Callari • A Gentle Death • Hospice. Ernest Morgan • Dcnling Creatively with Death· Home Burial Box - The Wake· The Raven Mocker - Woodslore & Wildwoods Wisdom • Good Medicine: The Sweat Lodge ISSUE FOURTEEN· WINTER 1986-87 Lloyd Dr! Owlc • Boogers and Mummers· All Species Day - Cabin Fever University· Homeless m Kmiiah • Homemade H01 Wa!Cf • Stovcmakcr's N:ur.:ilivc • Good Medicine: lntcrspCCics Communication We have limited 11umbers of particular back issues. Order back issues soo11 lo insure availability. There are no more entire sets of KatuahJournal available. The near complete set of back issues will be diminishi11g as limited copies sell out. rtiCL, 1992 ISSUE FlFTEE.N • SPRING 1 987 Coverlets· Woman Forester - Susie McMahan: Midwife • Alternative Contraception • Biosexuality • Bioregionalism and Women • Good Medicine: Malriarchal Culture • Pearl ISSUE SIXTEEN • SUMMER 1987 Helen Waite • Poem: Visions in a Garden • Vision Quest • Fll'St Flow - Initiation • Learning in the Wilderness - Cherokee Challenge • "Valuing Trees" ISSUE EIGHTEEN· WINTER 1987-88 Vernacular Architcclure. Dreams in Wood and Stone • Mountain Home · Earth Energies • Earth-Sheltered Living • Membrane Houses • Brush Shelter Poems: Octo~r Du.sic· Good Medicine: "Shelter" ISSUE NINETEEN· SPRING 1988 Perelandra Garden • Spring Tonics • Blueberries • WildO.ower Gardens • Granny Herbalist • Flower Essences - "The Origin of the Animals:• Story. Good Medicine: "Power• • Be AT~ ISSUE TWENTY· SUMMER 1988 Preserve Appalachian Wildcmess - Highlands of Roan • Celo Communily - Land Trust - Arthur Morgan School • Zoning lssue. "The Ridge" • Farmers and the Farm Bill • Good Medicine: "Land" • Acid Rain • Dulce's Power Play • Cherokee Microhydro Project ISSUE TWENTY-TWO· WINTER 1988--89 Global Wanning • Ftre This Time. Thomas Berry on "Bioregions" • Earth Exercise . Kore Loy McWhirter • An Abundance of Emptiness· LETS • Chronicles of Floyd • Darry Wood - The Bear Clan ISSUE 1WENTY-THREE • SPRING 1989 Pisgah Village - Planet Art· Green City. Poplar Appeal • "Clear Sky" · •A New Earth" • Black Swan • Wild lovely Days • Reviews: Sacred !And Sacred Su, Ice Age - Poem: "S udden Tendrils" ISSUE TWENTY-FOUR - SUMMER 1989 Deep Listening - Life in Alomic City • Direct Action! • Tree of Peace • Community Building • Peacemakers· Ellm1c Survival • Pairing Pro.,ec1. "Baulesong• • Growing Peace in Cultures • Review: The Chalice and the Blade ISSUE 1WENTY-SIX • WINTER, 1989-90 The B:oroic Era· Kids Saving Rainforest • Kids Treecycling Company· Conmc1 Resolution Developing Creati vc Spirit • Birth Power • Magic of Puppetry • Home Schooling • Naming Ceremony Mother Earth's Classroom • Gardening for Children ISSUE TWENTY-SEVEN· SPRING. 1990 Transformation • Healing Power • Peace LO Their Ashes • Healing in Katuah • Poem: "When Left LO Grow• • Poems: Stephen Wing • The Belly • Food from the Ancient Foresl ISSUE TWENTY-NINE· FAU/WINTER 1990 From the Mountains to the Sea · Profile of The LlUle Tennessee River • Headwaters Ecology • "It All Comes Down to Water Quality" • Water Power. Action for Aquatic HabitaLS - Dawn Watchers • Good Medicine: The Long Human Being • The North Shore Road· Kaulah Sells Out. Watershed Map of the Kaliiah Province ISSUE THIRTY· SPRING 1991 Economy/Ecology • Ways to a Regenerative Economy· "Money is the Lowest Form of Wealth" • Clarksville Miracle • The Village • Food Movers Lifework - Good Medicine: "Village Economy" • Shelton Laurel· LETS ISSUE THIRTY-ONE· SUMMER 1991 Dowsing • Responsibilities of Dowsing • Electrical Life of the Earth • Katuah and the Earth Grid - Call of the Ancient Ones • Good Medicine: "On Aggression" · Time to Take the Time to Take the Time - Whole Science • Tuning In ISSUE THIRTY-TWO · FALL 1991 Bringing bac.k the Fue • A Bit of Mountain Levity • Climax Never Came · "Talking Leaves": Sequoyah . Walking Distance • Good Medicine: "Serving the Great Life" · The Granola Journal · Paintings: "Mountain Stories"· Songs of the Wilderness ISSUE THIRTY-THREE· WINTER 1991-92 Fire's Power - Whal Is Natural • Fire and Forge • The First Fire - Hearth and Fire in the Mountains • Good Medicine: "The Ancient Red" • Midwinlef Fires: poems by Jeffery Beam • Litmus Lichens ISSUE THIRTY-FOUR· SPRING 1992 Paradise Gardening· Community Sponsored Agriculture - Ealing Close 10 Home· Native Foods • Cover Crops. Katuah Cultivars • The Web of Life: A Katuah Almanac - Good Medicine "Medicine Training• • Poems by Allison Sutherland ISSUE THIRTY-FIVE· SUMMER 1992 Consensus • Problems with Consensus. Tribal Council - Elda • The State of Franklin - Regional Rainbow • Steve Moon: Shell Engravings • Good Medicme "Medicine Training rr·. A Look Back Back Issues: Issue# _ _ @ $3.00 = $._ __ Issue# __@ $3.00 = $._ __ Issue# __@ $3.00 = $,_ __ Issue#_@ $3.00 = $._ _ _ postage paid $._ __ Name Address City State Zip Near Complete Set: (3-10, 13-16, 18-20, 22-24, 26-27, 29-35) postage paid @ $50.00 =$,_ __ Katuah Journal Rt. 8, Box 323 Lenoir, NC Karuah Province 28645 • (704) 754-6097 '.Kati.ulfl Jourrn:1( pnge 3S � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records Description An account of the resource <em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal</em>,&nbsp;was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. <br /><br /><span>The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name,&nbsp;</span><em>Katúah</em><span>, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant.&nbsp;</span><br /><span><br />The <em>Katúah Journal</em> was co-founded by Marnie Muller, David Wheeler, Thomas Rain Crowe, Martha Tree and others who served as co-publishers and co-editors. Other key team members included Chip Smith, David Reed, Jay Mackey, Rob Messick and many others.</span><br /><br />This digital collection is only a portion of the <em>Katúah</em>-related materials in the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection in Special Collections at Appalachian State University. The items in AC.870 Katúah Journal records cover the production history of the <em>Katúah Journal</em>. Contained within the records are correspondence, publication information, article submissions, and financial information. The editorial layouts for issues 12 through 39 are included as are a full run of the Journal spanning nearly a decade. Also included are photographs of events related to the Journal and a film on the publication. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived This resource is part of the&nbsp;<em>Katúah Journal Records </em>collection. For a description of the entire collection, see <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Katúah Journal Records (AC. 870)</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The images and information in this collection are protected by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U. S. C.) and are intended only for personal, non-commercial, and educational purposes, provided proper citation is used – i.e., Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians Records, 1980-2013 (AC.870), W. L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. Researchers are responsible for securing permissions from the copyright holder for any reproduction, publication, or commercial use of these materials. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-1993 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource journals (periodicals) Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Katúah Journal</em>, Issue 36, Fall 1992 Description An account of the resource The thirty-sixth issue of the <em>Katúah Journal</em> focuses on wood and its role in mountain life: logging, wood products, and forest stewardship. There is also an announcement that publication of the journal will cease in 1993. Authors and artists in this issue include: Lee Barnes, Frank Hodgin, David Wheeler, Dr. John Wade, Harley Wessman, Nancy McIntyre, Buzz Williams, Robert T. Pershcel, Jesse Jones, Leon S. Minckler, Tucker Windover, Charlotte Homsher, Rob Messick, Julia Vanselow, Frank Vogel, Michael Thompson, Susan Klimczak, Jeff Zachary, Susan Parker Weatherford, Mark Anderson, Hope Walker, and "Pegi." <br><br><em>Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians</em>, later simplified to <em>Katúah Journal</em>, was published from 1983 to 1993. A quarterly publication, it was focused on the bioregion of former Cherokee land in Appalachia. The early issues of the journal explain the meaning of the Cherokee name, Katúah, and why the editors wanted to view the world through a bioregional lens, rather than political boundaries. A volunteer production, the editors took a holistic view in tackling social, environmental, mental, spiritual, and emotional topics of the day, many of which are still relevant. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. Using Wood.......1<br /><br />Appalachian Logging by Lee Barnes.......4<br /><br />Old Logging Days by Frank Hodgin.......7<br /><br />Working the Woodlands by David Wheeler.......9<br /><br />Wood Products and Western North Carolina by Dr. John Wade.......13<br /><br />Depletion for Dollars by Harley Wessman.......13<br /><br />Logging with Horses by Nancy McIntyre.......15<br /><br />Natural World News.......16<br /><br />Invasion of the Giants by Buzz Williams........19<br /><br />From Industry to Endeavor by David Wheeler.......20<br /><br />Pioneering A New Human/Nature Relationship by Robert T. Perschel.......21<br /><br />Forest Stewardship Programs by Jesse Jones.......22<br /><br />Ecological Forestry for Renewable Forest Values by Leon S. Minckler.......23<br /><br />Drumming........25<br /><br />The Chair in the Tree by Tucker Windover.......27<br /><br />Reading the Grove by Charlotte Homsher........29<br /><br />Events.......32<br /><br />Webworking.......33<br /><br /><em>Note: This table of contents corresponds to the original document, not the Document Viewer.</em> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <em>Katúah Journal</em>, printed by The <em>Waynesville Mountaineer</em> Press Subject The topic of the resource Bioregionalism--Appalachian Region, Southern Sustainable living--Appalachian Region, Southern Forest products industry--Appalachian Region, Southern Forest management--Appalachian Region, Southern Logging--Appalachian Region, Southern Animals in logging--Appalachian Region North Carolina, Western Blue Ridge Mountains Appalachian Region, Southern North Carolina--Periodicals Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/937"> AC.870 Katúah Journal records</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a title="In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en 8" target="_blank"> In Copyright – Educational Use Permitted </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Appalachian Region, Southern Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/79" target="_blank"> Katúah: Bioregional Journal of the Southern Appalachians </a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Journals (Periodicals) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990s Appalachian History Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Studies Book Reviews Earth Energies Economic Alternatives Electric Power Companies Folklore and Ceremony Forest History Forest Issues Forest Practice Habitat Katúah Katúah Organization Poems Reading Resources South PAW (Preserve Appalachian Wilderness) Stories Transportation Issues Turtle Island Western North Carolina Alliance