1 50 6 https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/72eb3091cd66b7d29516ed058c5e7b5e.pdf bd40525eec5259655c582a9d5775c88d PDF Text Text This is an interview with Mr. and Mrs. G. L. Richards for the Appalachian Oral History Project by Donna Clawson at Rt. 7, Boone, en June 12, 1973. Q: Mrs.-Richards I'll start with you. Where were you born? A: Well, I was born at Silver Stone in 1902. March 5, 1902. Q: And your parents always lived in there? A: Yes. Q: They were born in Silver Stone two? A: Well, my mother was born rear Poplar Grove and my papa was horn there. Q: How many brothers and sisters did you have? A: Well, does that mean living? Q: No. A: Well I have six sisters and one brother all the others are gone. Q: Can you remember, do you have many memories of what life was like when you were growing up. Did you live on a farm? A: -fes. Q: What kind of crops did you raise? A: Well, Papa raised corn, wheart back then to amke our flour, you taow. WB used to gst out the Dutch oven, my brother is one of the younger ones, you know. Us girls, he used to cut his wheat with you've seen these old cradles you know. Did you ever see cne and cut wheat by hand? �We raised our corn, hogs and chickens, things like thata didn't have to run.to the store for everything. You It was pretty hard vork. Q: Did your father sell any of his crops or did he just A: Well, I didn't have ituch0 0 . I went to "the sixth grade. Q: How many months out of the yaar did you go to school? A: Well, when I first started in school it was four months. Then they got to having six month school. Q: What was the names of the schools you attended„ A: I always went to Silver Stone. Q: Do you remember you teachers names. A: Well, my first teacher was Mrs. Lottie Bowes, she's still living and I think my next .teachers name was Jack Greene and Mr. Charlie Haigaman, and Mr. Alie Tugman and Mr. Don Horton and that was all of them. Q: What kind of thing did you learn and what kind of text books did you have? A: Well, at first we didn't have anything only first reader, they called it. And then got a little high. We had a reader and spelling, arithmetic and grammer they called it, geography history. Q: About the same thing they teach no isn't it? A: I guess so. Q: I think it is0 Mr. Richards where were you born? �A: Caldwell County, I think. Q: And were your parents from these too? A: Vfell, ny father was. My mother and father lived there and I come back up here to this country in the mountains when I was six years old.. We lived up on Meat Camp from 6 til I was grown, about 20 or something like that. farmed you know. I lived up the 1s and About everybody ip there farmed. It was hard labor of course but we farmed. Q: What year were you born? A: 1897. Qi What kind of crops did you raise on your farm? A: Well, it was just about like she'd tell you. Corn, pota- toes you know wheat, rye, buckwheat alot of buckwheat«, thing to eat on too, you know. Some- And that was before they had the market crops like tobacco, beans and cabbage. In the later years we got to having market crops, like tobacco and stuff. Q: What kind of live stock did you have? A: Cattle mostly, worked steers. Did you ever see any steers? Q: Yeah, I seen 'em. A: Steers to plow throught the harvest. Had an old cross cut saw to saw up wood in the winter, to put in the fireplaces about half as wide as this house. Q: Go diead. A: One time one side would burn up and the other side would freeze. �Q: I didn ' t know. A: My father would, Jater years got to rasing tomatoes and cabbage to sell0 Q: What about school? How many years of schooling did you bave? A: I don't know. I did n't do no good when I did go. About quit between fifth and sixth grade. Q: Howmany months out of the year did you go? A: About ibru months sometimes we'd run short about three monthso It didn't take long sessions like they do now. children most of them any account at all had to work. to farm the time I was twelve yaars old on. The I had We all had to work seem like to make it. We didn't have a bif family no how. Just myself and two sisters. One of them lives in California and the other one passes away a week ago Saturday. My mother married, you know Jason Muller don't you. Q: I don't know. A: He lived here and was raised up on Meat Camp up there and never traveled around too much. He was Larken Miller's brother. All passes away I think but Jason. But he married my mother and I had a step father for about five or six years. up about 12 years old0 (Mrs. Ro 'I think he was about 10')) A: Well, something along there. (Mrs. R. 'I know he's 94') I can't remember0 I was �Q: When did you two get married? A: Miy the sixteenth, 1918. Q: Where did you live then? A: Well, he lived on Meat Camp and I lived. . 0 Oh, you mean where we lived after we got married. Q; Yeah0 A: Well, we lived on Meat Camp awhile and we moved over to Silver Stone over there. while aid out And we moved over to Howard's Creek a little to somewhere. Q: You've always lived in this county then0 A: Yes. A: (Mr. R.) No we lived about four years in Cleveland, Ohio, wasn't it. R: Well we didn't exactly move up there. A: We lived up ther with Sally Roten (Mr. R). A: You was vorking up there and I would go up there awhile. Q: Mr. Richards what kind of jobs did you have? A: All kinds. I've worked in several shops. I've worked in a shop up there in Cleveland and I used to work at Lenior in a furniture shop. And I've had several jobs sawmilling, car- pentry work and I never could be very choicy about that. I had to work at something or another that wasn't hardly right to work awhile and find something better. Jones, don't you. feymond Jone's brother. You remember Hubfoard Joneses sons. I �worked for him a whole lot. I reckon liked him alot. Most of anybody that sawmilled I don't guess you remember a bunch of Jews around run a pie factory a few years ago. when ve first moved out here wasn't it. ago0 It was Close to 30 years I don't imagine you're that old. Q: Not qiitec A: I vrorked there 10 years ago or longer around and about, around and around. Q: Can you remember a time when you had a hard time getting a job? A: Yeah, yeah, oh yeah, lots of times you couldn't hardly get a pi?. Eack then they didn't pay much, they got labor real cheap» I used to vrork alot for a dollar a day and wages like that. And now they don't like tlBt you know. A: (Mrs. R) If you got a hold of five dollars you thought that was a whole lot of money , didn't they. A: (Mr. R.) How much was it a dollar and seventy five cents or a dollar and a half, something like that. He was awful good to pay what he promised,, I don't remember. It wasn't very much, but still we sorta lived about all you could expect was to live and went to Cleveland, then and made better there, better than I ever had in this county. Q: What kind of wrk did you do in Cleveland? A: I worked in a factory or where they made �R. I call them clothers hampers.) Clothes hampers. For people to carry their laundry around in. like that*, All kinds of stuff I did so many different things I can't remember all of it. A: (MrSo Ro) . . „ we have had it a long time andit's getting old. A: Bunch of Jews I worked for and they were from New York and ate these0 I cut out all that stuff outl I cut it all out on a shaping machine a saw, a big table saw, and shaping machine and a , they tad all kinds of machinery and I ran a machine all the time myself. They vent to a lot of. . . They was alot of people worked there0 We went to a more colored people. QK How many hours a day did you work? A: Well, I worked eight„ We were supposed to work about eight hours, but they let me work a lot of overtime„ 10 hours, 10 orU hours alot of days. I'd work avbout We got time and a half for o/er forty and thats the reason I made pretty good, was the over time. The pay wasn't but about a dollar and sixty cents, I believe it was0 Then I'd get couple hours, maybe 3 everyday of overtime and when it ran over forty hours I got time and a half. Then carried up pretty good when payday come. Q What year was it you were working up there? A: 1952, fall wouldn't it. 3952, I went up there then about four years later I come back about '56 or '570 Something like �8 about 1956 or 1957. Then messing around here I haven't done too nuch work since I came back0 On a job. I've been busy all the time but it's been a farming and messing around,, Q: What about diurches in the area. Can you remember churches that been around here? A: ¥>u Mean. Q: The denominations. What kinds of churches? Just in the county and around. A: (Mrs. R.) You nean we've attended. Q: Well, yeah, Just any you can remember. A: Well, I can remember Methodist Churches and Lutheran, we still have them. Baptist, we always went to the Baptist Church. Oh, I have been to the Methodist Church that was up at Silver Stone. I don't think to any denomination outside of the Baptist Church since we lived over here* Q: To which church did most of the people belong. Which church did most people attend? A: (Mrs. R.) I always thought it was the Baptist, of course I dan't know for sure. Q: What were the churches like, have they changed slot? A: Well, some of them have , but I like the old time way. Q: How are they different. A: Well, I don't know what. You go to diurch now. the people have the interest that they used to did0 then they had monthly meetings0 Seem like Of course The preacher would preach once. �They'd have Saturday meetings to attend to all of the business you friow, and on Sunday. Of course we'd have Sunday School every Sunday, but we wouldn't have preching any more till next month. Aid I remember the fourth Sunday was the monthly meeting in Silver Stone. once a uear. And , oh, they'd have revivals you know about Sometimes they'd last two weeks and they would have a big time. Have services in the daytime, then at night. Q: Do you know how this community got its name? Rainbow Trail community. A: I dan't rightly know0 Thats the name as far back as I can remember. (Mr. R.) A: (Mrs0 R, > Maybe Mr. Walter Cullins could know. Q: Yeah, I talked to him. A: They used to call it the Doe Ridge Section back up in yonder that mountain right thea is Doe Ridge Mountain. This used to go by the name of Doe Ridge Road till after we moved out here then they got to calling it Rainbow Trail., come they to change. I don't know how (Mrs. R.) Q: Well this road here goes in around to Doe Ridge Church, years ago, It maybe now that it's impassable back up there in that mountain. I've been through these a couple of times, it's just a dirt road , around through there years ago. I can remem- ber a person could walk up throug there. (Mr. R) A: (Mrs R) Well we've not been out in there in 7 or 8 years have we. �10 A: (Mr. R) Yeah, I guess, A: (Mrs. R) We've been living out in here nearly fifty years0 A:(Mr. R) What? A: (Mrs. R) We've been living out in here nearly 30 yearso Johnny wasn't hit about 3 years olcU Johnny's 32, maybe 29 or 30 years. Q: How has the community changed over the years? A: (Mr. R) Everybody living, buildt em a new house. A: (Mrs. R) Much better ttiat it was then. moved in town yonder. I know when we Lots of barns looked better than it did. A: (Mr. R) You remember, that old house down yonder0 A: Yeah, A: (Mrs. R) She did n't look to see if it looked worse. A: (Mr. R) You oould tell from the outside before we tors it down. Couldn't possibly be very much on the inside. A: (mrs. R)) I wonder how we kept from freezing to death of a winter time. Q: How long did you live down there? A: (Mrs. R) Law we lived down there. We moved into this house from down there in 1960 and I never stopped to count. A: (Jtfr. R) Down there about 12 years. A: (Mrs. R) Down there about 29 or 30 years then 1960 we moved up here. A: (Mr. R) From "72 it been 12 or 13 years0 �11 A: (Mrs. R) From 1960 on, no 1959 then it come that awful, can you remember that awful snow that come in 1960= Q: Yeah, A: We vas moved in this house thei?,we was lucky we got moved, Well, the weather seemed colder on us you knowa One winter time0 Q: I bet these alot more people lived around here now than they used to be. A: (Mr. R) Yeah. A: (Mrs. R} The 0 . . moved in there. We moved out here. Who moved out there at that house? Anybody living over there at time? Well, he lived over there awhile and Mr. Ladkey. A: (Mr. R) Oh yeah he lived there longer than us. A: (Mrs,R) Yeah, he bought up that place and then Gladys Smith, she moved up here in this house a little while after we moved in that old house dswn there0 where John Greene lives now. And Mr. Hartley lived up there Ed's mother. But they Mr. Lewis and Hartlys were off down the country a working. daddy moved back. When their Mr. Colors he lived up in the hollar and Donald Miller and ttet was about all. And Mr. Woodry. And we lived down in the old house which we tore down. That little house that stood over there and they tore it down. I forgot them, and I believe Jeff Garner lived out there where Mr. in an dd house that s$bd over there and they tore it down. Where Mr. Woodring lived„ Of course they lived in another �12 home. And then there is Glenn Pierce the were living out there in a house that got burned. I can't remember. I guess the, Mr. and Mrs. Lackey living over there across the river. A: (Mrs. R) Yeah, I remember em living over there along time. A: The old road was like a stieeps path, the road down there„ The bushes out the other side of Mr0 Woods would generally lap across the road. A: (Mr0 R) You couldn't meet somebody two a walking, you couldn't hardley passing0 Holler and a scare you to death. Car couldn't come out in here at that tLme0 A: (Mrs. R) There was one once in a while, I don't hardly see how it did. A: (Mr. R) The bushes was high and the cliffs down in here one time. Antler's one, hung on the youngest one, what's his name? A: Petty A: (Mr. R) Help me cut out the bushes off the bank of the road so they wouldn't lap over the road. cut em let the state cut em0 And they said let -ftie state The state wouldn't come out here. No electric lines, nothing out here. A: (Mrs. R) We did have no maid; out there0 A: Yeah, we had to put our mail box out theie at Mrs. Barnes0 (Mrs. New Barnes0) A: (Mr0 R) And they says let the state and I think to myself you've got a long wait. Q: The way it goeso Well how long wag it till the mail started �13 coming ip in here? A: I don't Know but it was a good long while. A: (Mrs* R) I took awhile. I don't remember how long it took. The School bus come out there at to Mr. Judd Barnes and turned there and the mail gst coming out that far. And it wasn't too many years till ttie moil got to coming out that far. And as to where you used to turn over to your house. And then a little later on it got to going to the top of the hil!0 Q: Wello A: (Mr.R) There was Clyde Rumbarger. Do you remember Clyde Rumbarger? Q: "feaho A: Me and him used to go to school together. We while, we was raised up on Meat Camp and he carried the mail back here A: (Mrs. R) I know a Johnny. Tried to rush around and get out to Mr. Woodring to catch the bus. Of course after they left home, they's poke around and let the school bus leave them. I'd get so aggravated. Q: How did people get"around back then, when you were growing up? A: (Mr, R) They was a few people had horspes/ some wouldn't or couldn't buy a saddle hores and buggy0 A buggy would just run over you0 A: fclrse R) If you can believe it, I have gone to church and other places in an ox and wagon. Roads rough , rocky �14 you know, just jolt around. Q: I'll bet it would. I guess it could. A: (Mrs. R) Well, my daddy always kept an exxtra team. out horse to work on the farm. He kept an ox, Rent you'd better b elieve they were pretty slow, but they started to plow farming -he done with them oxen., here on the mountain0 Around the old turnpike you know up Hauled all over the whole county0 Q: Where did most of the roads run? Well just where were the roads you had there? A: (Mr. R) They were mud roads. You sorta know this one was when you fold moved in the old road. in the country, where we growed up. Gravel road or two like that. worked About like they all was They wasn't no paved roads. on them a little. labor wanted the people out you know setting roads. Free Then they would go in and take a rake, I call it a hoe. A: (Mrs. R) Well a lot of the old new roads now run pretty close to SDiaejof the old roads o A: (Mr.R)> Pretty much the way they do now0 A.s Mrs. R They didn't used to be any old roads0 them pretty close to where the old roads were. End of Interview Alot of � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore,Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mr. and Mrs. G.L. Richards, June 12, 1973 Description An account of the resource Mrs. Richards was born March 5, 1902 in Silverstone, NC where she was raised on a farm. Mr. Richards was born in Caldwell County in 1897. He worked many different jobs including sawmilling and carpentry. Mr. and Mrs. Richards recall their childhoods growing up on farms and their small amount of schooling. Mr. Richards talks about the hard time he had finding jobs and describes his working experience in his different career paths. He worked for four years in Cleveland, Ohio. The couple talks about the community and the changes it has experienced in transportation and religion. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clawson, Donna Richards, Mr. & Mrs. G.L. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 14 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape75_Mr&MrsGLRichards_1973_06_12M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Boone, NC Subject The topic of the resource Richards, G. L.--Interviews Richards, G. L., Mrs.--Interviews Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Avery County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Farm life--North Carolina--Watauga County--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-12 Caldwell County carpentry church Cleveland crops farm furniture shop G.L. Richards Lenior Meat Camp North Carolina Ohio Poplar Grove sawmilling Silver Stone Sunday School transportation https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/7955776b936911d510652d48df4bdfc7.pdf 88316902588f76fe8dea2556b50fc363 PDF Text Text Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, Tape 74 Interviewees: Mr. and Mrs. Jim Greer Interviewer: n/a Date: 11 June 1973 Transcriber: J. McTaggart Interviewer: This is an interview with Mr. and Mrs. Jim Greer for the Appalachian Oral History Project in Triplett on June 11th, 1973. Okay, first I'd like to have your names and ages, please. Jim Greer: Mine's James Calvin Greer and I'll be 65 years old on the fourth day of September. I: Oh okay, what about you, Mrs. Greer? Vera Greer: Um mines Vera Greer and I'll I was 61 the first day of May. I: Oh and where were you born? JG: I was born around here at the community center. I: Wereya? JG: Yeah, just around the road there. VG: Yup right at the community, yeah. And I was born in Caldwell County. I: Have you lived around here all of your lives? JG:No. VG: No. I: Where have you lived? JG: I lived in [inaudible] state gone for four years before I come back. I lived in Caldwell County, Wilkes County. VG: Who's that? I hear another car. JG: I don't see it. Some folks bought that place up here. I: Why did you move from here? JG: Well, my mother moved to Wilkes County to my sister's and my daddy he left when I was four years old. Mama had to keep me and my sister up 'til I got big enough to work. And I had to help her 'til I got grown. We left here when I was about nine years old and went on up ahead the creek where Ralph Greene lives now; got roots and herbs and gathered barks and stuff to get our groceries and clothes with. Mama made all my clothes she just bought the cloth and made it. And uh you couldn't get no work �nowhere; there was no work to do. And I wasn't big enough to work and mama she'd wash around here on [inaudible] branch all day for 50 cents. [Inaudible] not too big a washing for 50 cents. I: How would she wash 'em? JG: With her hands and washboard, paddle board. Stand on big ol' banks and she had the paddle and she'd beat the dirt out with the paddle. It was rough going, I'll tell you. I: Were there just you and your sister in your family? JG: Yeah at that time, the other had three. VG: She was married twice [inaudible] the first time. JG: She was married twice, my mother but the other two was married and gone. Last, my daddy was being an [inaudible] sister. I: Is she older or younger? JG: She's younger than I am. Daddy [inaudible]. I: What was your father's occupation? JG: Well, he worked for people, dug ditch and anything you could get do. VG: All of these cleared fields on top of the mountain up here he cleared them. JG: On top of the mountain up here, he cleared them. When you first go out up here them fields out there when you first go out old man Tom Greer's mail [inaudible] on top of his up there. All them fields my daddy cleared back there. I: Well, how did he do it? JG: Ax, chopped 'em. I've seen him cut trees down four foot through with an ax, chop 'em down. I: How long would it take him? JG: Well, it'd take him three or four hours. I: And how much would he make? JG: Well, he got when he did get anything it was 33 and 1/3 cents a day was all he got out of his work. Killed himself at work and people living off his labor right now, enjoying it. I: Did your mother work or was she just around the house? JG: She worked around the house and whatever she'd get to do for people, haul corn and stuff like that. Wash and things like that; we'd walk way up here to the creek, three miles down here [inaudible] the branch and do a little washing. �I: She would just do the neighborhood's washing? JG: Yeah, mm hm ol' lady [inaudible] and uh Minnie Hayes' mother, yeah. She'd come on out of there and work all day and get by the time we had a cow, she'd take it up and fodder. You know, top fodder of corn. She'd give it about five or six shucks of top for a day's work. And she done carry them out from around there [inaudible] Creek here in about three miles. And I'd come and meet her in the evening and take part of the load off of her and carry what I could. I was little I couldn't do much, 'bout five or six years old something like that. And me and her would get out in the woods and gather herbs and roots carry it little up here to [inaudible]. [Inaudible] that big brick house up there on the right of the road there used to be a big ol' store right there where that there cloth place is now. And old man [inaudible] McNee run a big store there and we'd carry our herbs up there right up there mountain 'bout I guess we'd go three miles. And the mountain we'd climb all the way 'till we got on top. I: So you would sell your roots and herbs and things? JG: Yes, maybe get up there and maybe have a dollar's worth with all we can carry. I: Mm. JG: Some of 'em were a cent a pound; some were a cent and a half some two cent, three cents. You couldn't get nothing for more than that. I've had hard all my life and the highest I ever made a working was the furniture factory [inaudible] 36 hours. I worked all my life, raised my family, worked for my mother and sister 'till I was 21 years old. I helped on that highway that goes down the mountain to Wilkesboro; I helped build that bridge from the bottom to the top. I: Really? JG: Yeah, see it's about four miles to do that, no way around it [clears throat]. I: Goodness, what do you do now, what kind of work? JG: Nothin' I've been disabled for about 16,17 years. I: Oh. JG: My [inaudible] to the heart [inaudible] won't let me. He tell me last year not even to put out a garden. The digging might have a stroke or something. I: Mm, did you have a garden when you were little and growing up with your family? JG: Yeah, me and mama gardened every year and raked. You went through the houses sits up here and you start up the mountain and you leave this old house down here at the foot with the rock crusher. The two little houses sits on the right on the holler. Now this field right here above the road me and mama made our bread on that hill there. [Background noises] �I: Made what? JG: Made our corn bread when I was a little boy. We had corn all over that hill. We had a third of it for raising. We dug holes and plant the corn with a hoe then dug it out and hoed it when it come up, made our corn up on that steep hill. It's straight up and down now. I: Goodness, I don't see how you could hoe like that. JG: You couldn't hardly stand up on it. You'd slide down and fall; we worked it 'til we got our corn worked out. We made corn out of it two or three years on that hill. It's growed up now they've been timber cut off it since me and mom worked corn on it. I: What other kind of crops did you raise? JG: Well, just beans and cucumbers and maters, Irish potatoes stuff like that. I: Did you have any livestock or animals? JG: No, well we generally kept cow most of the time. Dm, I've eaten boiled Irish potatoes for months at a time for bread. We didn't have no bread and we didn't have no bread to eat. We'd boil Irish potatoes and eat them for bread and butter. That's what we had to eat. You tell people that this day and time they wouldn't believe it but it's so. I: Hm I guess you were glad to get that though. JG: Oh Lord yeah, I was glad to get it. A lot of times we didn't have potatoes. And I've eaten water gravy a-many a-times just made out of flour and water and a little grease, you know. Maybe ol' strong meat skins or something fry the grease out of 'em and make cream gravy. [I'd] eat that many a mornin' for breakfast. I: Hm. JG: Mama made all my clothes. Here, here maybe I'll show you here. I've got a picture if I can find it when I was a little boy. Where is that picture? VG: There's one right up here. Yes sonny, they're right up here where I hang it! JG: No, not mine! VG: Yes! You're too! JG: Did I put it up here? VG: [Inaudible] I know you did! JG: I'll show you this so you know I'm telling the truth. There it is. That's me and my mother there. I: Aw. �JG: I was 21 years old when that was took down at far end of that high bridge I was telling you about. I: That's a good picture. JG: There's another one just like it. [Inaudible] my other picture. VG: Well, I don't know what you've done with it, honey! JG: Let me see. I: Your mother made these clothes? JG: Mm hm, made my clothes. VG: No, not them. She's talking about the little picture that he had. I don't know what he's done with it. JG: Here it is! Here it is! I'll show you. I knew I had this. VG: Damn, I thought that was ones he had...that is him and his mother. I: You were 21 here? VG: Yeah. JG: Mm hm. I: That's a good picture. VG: Now, right there's where... JG: That's where [inaudible] year old when that's took. You see, the homemade overalls and the shirt. You see the buttons on it. Now that pictures way old, it's about 60 years old I guess maybe more. I: Oh. JG: It was took when the old picture was crackled up you know and you couldn't get the crackles out of it. VG: Took it from an old picture you know. JG: A boyfriend of mine had a creek up there in little Triplett and his grandfather's back here behind. I tried to take 'em both off but didn't get 'em both. I: Who took these pictures? JG: [Inaudible] Greene took them way back when [inaudible]. VG: She lives at uh... JG: Spruce Pine. �VG: Spruce Pine! JG: She's dead now. How come you get that now she's around at Minnie Hayes's and uh asked her and she didn't have one of my old pictures when I was a little boy. And she said yeah, she did she took it with a little bitty Kodak just made little bitty pictures about 2 by or 2 by 3 or something. And uh she kept it all this time and I asked her if she'd let me have the picture. She said when I'm dead, says you can have it. I says well I might die before you go [chuckles]. So she died and her daughter had some made, some smalls made and sent me two of 'em and I took them and had 'em enlarged like that so they could be a little bigger. I: Aw, that's a good picture. JG: I was about nine years old when that was took. I: Aw, I bet you're glad to get that. JG: Oh yeah, I wouldn't take nothirt' for it. I: Goodness. JG: I wouldn't. I: Mm. JG: I had on a little black hat you see it? You can see it. VG: That was up here on [inaudible]. I: How long would it take your mother to make a pair of overalls like that? JG: It would take a month. I: Did she have an old sewing machine or would she make 'em by hand? JG: No, she made 'em by hand. I: Oh and she, where would she buy her cloth? JG: Go to Eller McNee's (?) store on top of the mountain. I: Oh yeah, do you know how much it would be back then, the cloth? JG: Well, it run sometimes 10,15 cents a yard according to what... VG: Well, you can't put the [inaudible]. [Inaudible] he had surgery on his back twice, got hurt at the shop. He dropped his [inaudible]. I: Did your mother make her clothes too? �JG: Mm hm, you had to make your clothes then couldn't go there was nowhere to buy 'em. l:Hm. JG: She make 'em [inaudible]. I stayed barefooted Christmas. I never got no shoes 'til Christmas then got these ol' brogan shoes, ol' yellow shoes with brass rivets in 'em here and brass toes on 'em 'cause if you're...hard as a rock you couldn't be in 'em, skin your feet all over. You'd have sores all over your feet and your ankles. I: Goodness. JG: It was rough going, I'll tell you. I: How far did you have to walk to school? JG: Oh, it's about three miles on the way up there to Howard's Creek where Ralph Greene lives, left at the rock crusher, and right on up the creek as far as you can go. I: Oh, really? JG: Mm hm. I: How much schooling did you have? JG: Well, I went to school to the fourth grade but I never did learn nothin'. The [inaudible] didn't have no dad either I'd look after him. These Tripletts down here all of 'em have a big head and queers(?). They beat me half to death at school and do things at school to get the teachers to beat me. And uh I couldn't help it 'cause they'd just double up on me three or four get on me at a time and beat me half to death 'till I got big enough to take 'em apart. I beat two of 'em nearly to death after I got up big enough. And I broke them and the rest of 'em ain't bother me anymore. I: They've learned their lesson [chuckles]. VG: They broke once [inaudible]. JG: So uh I was [inaudible] off the road by all the young'uns up them days when I was growing up. Everybody had well... I was the same about the same as orphans, you know. My daddy's gone, my mama had to work all the time she couldn't be with me all the time. I wasn't mean; I didn't do nothin' to nobody. And Stewart Shimens(?) around here can tell you all about my life. He knows everything about it, knows how people treated me, all these old people around here. And I was treated like a dog, what you might say all my life. I have been and since I've been married, same thing. People took off me and beat off of me and you know the same three men got [inaudible]. I: Mm, why do you think they treated you like that? JG: Well, just 'cause they could get something I had, you know, might [inaudible] borrow it and never pay it back. Things like that. I've been too easy with people, let 'em go. I ain't doing it anymore, I can't. �VG: We got a son-in-law that... JG: Owes me a thousand dollars right now. VG: Just about a thousand dollars in money now. And we will not I bet you we never as long as live see every dime of it. They done, you seen that car sitting out here when you was here before. That blue car that's pushed off down there and I told you that's my son-in-law's. Well, that's the one bless your heart and they come and got it Saturday. I: They did? VG: He told us that his daddy borrowed the money for him and paid cash for that car. And honey, it was through the American Credit right up here. JG: He borrowed the money from American Credit. VG: And went back and borrowed $75 on it besides. JG: And he's not gonna pay for but he come and got it [inaudible]. VG: But you can tell her to get back on you how you used to walk ten miles a day and work. JG: Yeah, I walked ten miles a day and worked ten hours and back home, after I go back home by moonshine. I: To moonshine? JG: By moonshine. I: Oh. JG: In the woods, you know. Go to the woods, carry wood out, and cut it up-and stow in the woods. In the summertime, work ten hours and walk five miles this way, I mean ten miles this way. I: Mm and what were you doing when you were working? VG: He worked in... JG: I worked in the furniture shop [inaudible] furniture with my mom. I lived way down on Lenoir Creek... VG: And then when we was in the Depression though we, we had a terrible time. One of our children was born. JG: Me and her during the Depression dug roots and gathered herbs to buy our clothes and groceries and the baby's clothes. VG: ...buy our first baby's clothes. I: Really? �VG: I went to the mountains this is as long as I could walk. I: Goodness. JG: ...crossing the mountains with me, we'd dig roots and gather herbs, sang and stuff. I: 'Bout how much could you get for that? JG: Well, it was cheap. VG: It was cheap then. It wasn't much... JG: You couldn't get over five cents a pound now for what we had. VG: No. JG: And I had to carry it three miles down [inaudible] in the summer. Down the mountain all the way and carry it two sacks at a time on my back. I: Was it very heavy? JG: Pretty heavy, yeah. [Inaudible] I get there. I: I bet it did [chuckles]. How many children do ya'll have? VG: We've had nine but two of 'ems dead. JG: Seven living, six girls and one boy and got two boys dead. I: You said you had a child during the Depression. VG: Yes [both talking at once]. I had one good dress and one old ratty thing I'd put on 'till I washed my good one. JG: I didn't even have clothes to change in. I wore her overalls [inaudible] my marriage and she could wash mine. And I dug the ditch and worked the hill and cut the wood for 50 cents a day and had to take it to mill our flour and a piece of meat or something like that. We couldn't get a dime to [inaudible]. Nothin'... I: So, uh did ya'll have like a farm or something during the Depression? VG: No, we just lived in what they called a little sawmill shack. You know where they built shacks through the mountains, you know, to work a sawmill. And Jim worked the sawmill some after our first baby is born and then it got down to that Depression. And uh when the next baby come along, and I'd saved her clothes. If I hadn't saved her clothes [inaudible] went naked 'cause we couldn't buy none. JG: Two hours a day at the sawmill [inaudible] and saw carrying green lumber and [inaudible] out for 50 cents a day. �10 I: Mm and was this every day? JG: Everyday 50 cents a day. That's [inaudible]. You can tell these young people about what it was like [inaudible]. I: I know it. I've heard too many people say the same thing. JG: [Inaudible] I couldn't go through it again. VG: We'd go to people's houses for the raced your own hogs and they'd give us meat skins to season what little we had to season. JG: Fry the grease out of it and season your potatoes and beans or something. I: Oh would, uh were people friendlier during the Depression? VG: Yeah! We had a few good friends not too many. JG: The town built her uncle [inaudible]. VG: And then after my baby's born, my aunt give me clothes so I could wear her clothes after the baby. I: Oh and your uncle what gave you the hog skins and stuff like that. VG: No, it was another one. JG: Yeah, he gave us some. VG: Yeah, he gave us some but there was another one. What was his name? JG: Dave Frasier gave us some. VG: Yeah, yeah. JG: [Inaudible] VG: We sure had it rough, buddy. And he worked my doctor bill out at 80 cent a day. JG: Paid half of it on the doctor bill... VG: ...and half of it to get something to eat. JG: I stayed away from Blowing Rock for a long time [inaudible]. I: And where was this? JG & VG: Down in Wilkes County. I: That's where ya'll were living during the Depression, in Wilkes County? �11 VG: Yeah. I: Did it affect many of your neighbors as far as food and things? VG:Huh? I: Did the Depression urn affect many neighbors as far as food and things? VG: Oh yeah, just about everybody. I: Did the people not have enough to eat? VG: I don't know but we didn't. JG: There was a lot of 'em didn't have enough to eat. We didn't make [inaudible]. I was eating, I was telling you about walking ten miles and working at the furniture shop. I eat oatmeal for breakfast and worked on it 'till 12 o'clock and maybe make a sandwich, a peanut butter sandwich at dinner time, cold Cola and work on it 'till night and walk on home. I: I don't see how you could stand it, could take it. JG: Well, people couldn't stand it. VG: People, people at this time now is much as uh we you know have now. JG: The people... VG: If it'd come now I don't believe could live. I: No I don't think so. JG: Well there'd be a many of 'em starve to death if the government didn't take care of 'em it wouldn't work. You couldn't get people out here and work for 50 cents a day to save your life now. They wouldn't do it but I had to do it or starve to death I didn't like the stuff. I: Did you ever hear about any of the government projects during the Depression like the WPA? JG: No, well yeah we did too. They give away stuff a lot at Wilkesboro. We never could get nothing of it. VG: Yeah, we did. We got some blankets and things one time. JG: One time, yeah one time. I'm talking about food and stuff we never did get that. VG: We didn't get no food. JG: And my brother in law, he's [inaudible]. He's got his own farm and he worked for the WPA. And I signed up don't know 50 times I guess that the WPA and they never would give me a call to work. I: Hm, I wonder why. �12 JG: I don't know why they didn't but they didn't... I: I thought they would let... VG: I think they just had their picks... JG: Yeah, just certain ones that would work three days and then the other ones would work three days. And I finally [inaudible] to call Will and I didn't have any job at the shop. I finally got on a contractors job up there building that highway to Morganton and Lenoir. I got on that and worked I get to work three days... VG: And off three days. JG: ...and off three days. I think it was a dollar, a dollar and half a day [inaudible]. I worked on that till they cut me off of it and I finally got me a job in the shop between... VG: 27 cents an hour. JG: 27 cents an hour. I: What were you doing then? JG: I was working shingling with working with [inaudible] hanging the shingles things like that. Just anything about if you wanted to know, [inaudible] cut off saw, planters, sanders, two jointers, things like that. 27 cents an hour and I worked there for nine years. Well for nearly nine years before I ever got a raise. VG: Halfway left 'till September we've been married uh, 44 years. I: Really? VG: We ain't ever been apart a day in our lives. I mean he's went off to work but what I mean you know get mad and separate or something. JG: And since then, people get married and they don't get along. VG: We don't even quarrel now maybe one of us be a little nervous and might smack one off, you know. I've got bad nerves. When I was in that wreck, I took I had the epilepse [epilepsy]. I: Oh, have you ever worked any jobs? VG: Uh uh, nothing only when I was little, I dropped corn and beans and stuff like that for people. And I take it and butter and milk and take it home to eat for all of us. I: Yeah, how many were in your family? JG: Bernie and James. �13 VG: Yeah but honey, that was after mom married the next last time. JG: Six of 'em the last time, Carl, Will, Lance, Marie, and Horace. That's six. VG: Yeah but they wasn't born when I dropped corns. JG: I know, well there was just three of you. You and James and Bernie. VG: Yeah there was just three and we had a step dad and he was a terrible man to us. Lord, he'd beat us for nothin' just beat us like beatin' a dog. I: Hm, could your mother not do anything about it? VG: No, she'd try to fight him but he could outdo her. I: Did ya'll have a farm where you lived? VG: Yeah. I: Did you have to work on the farm? VG: Yeah! He'd give us, if he couldn't find nothin' else for us to do, he'd give us about acre of land to pick up rock of the bay and we better have that done when he come in or he'd whoop. I: Why would you have to pick up the rock, where would you put the rocks? VG:Take 'em off you know pull 'em off the land where was cleared you know. He'd just have us do that 'cause he couldn't think of nothin' else for us to do. And I'd have to get all the wood and carry all the water. I: Were you the oldest? VG: Yeah, yeah I was the oldest. I: Hm, do you remember... VG: Pulling drag woods out, drag wood out of the mountains and I'd have to chop it and carry it in. I: Do you remember any good times when you were little and growing up? VG: It was a dire some place. I: You were what? VG: It was a dire some place. We went out to play, he whooped us. I: Really? �14 VG: Yeah! He let one girl, one of our girlfriends, come one time. Asked him if we could goto her house and play and he told us yeah. We didn't know no better we ain't never went nowhere you know before. And when we come back, he told us how long to stay, two hours. When we come back, he said you march right to them woods and get a hickory. I: Why? VG: He whooped us for going! I: Did he tell you you could go? VG: Yes! I: Goodness. JG: He was mean, he was just an old drunk and [inaudible] 'em. I: Oh, that's just awful. JG: I'll tell you how we treated my daddy. You know, this white house on the bank down there as you go out the first one right there. Up on that hill, well Will Willy live there now and he got my daddy to cut wood for him one time when that hill was there. And my daddy was cutting wood and a log coming through down hit his shin and [inaudible]. You know what that man done? My daddy went in the house tied it up to keep it from bleeding. Come over here son and poured on his shin on that skin place and he had a sore on his leg as long as you [inaudible]. VG: Eat it up! You know carbolic acid will eat you up! l:Ew. JG: [Inaudible] And he poured that on his leg and it skinned up like that on my daddy's leg 'til a man could cure it up. And he had a sore on his leg when he died over there. I: Goodness. JG: If I had been big enough and got hold of that man, I would kill him. That's how they treated my daddy. He worked, the people would work him and they wouldn't pay him for it. They'd say I'll pay you next week or next day or two or something like that and that'd be the last of it; maybe workin' a week at a time all he got was what we were eating. l:Hm. JG: You couldn't get no 33 and 1/3 cents a day you know what you get out of a day's work then for ten hours a day. He dug a ditch for people, cut wood, cleared off lands, cut logs for people and roll 'em into hollers, and burn 'em and everything else, clean off their land for 'em. All these big mountain fields on top the mountain when you go out, he done the most of 'em. �15 l:Hm. JG: People treated him awfully dirty but there's another day coming... I: Yeah. JG: ...when they get their part and it hits you. I: Why do you think they... [END] � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Scanned by Wetmore, Dana Equipment Hp Scanjet 8200 Scan date 2014-02-26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Jim Greer, June 11, 1973 Description An account of the resource James Calvin Greer was born in Triplett, NC in 1908. Vera Greer was born in Caldwell County in 1913. Mr. and Mrs. Greer both recall very hard childhoods and growing up in the Triplett area. Mr. Greer worked at the local sawmill during the Great Depression. They recall collecting herbs and bark to pay for groceries and clothes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Weaver, Karen Greer, Jim and Vera Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 15 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource document Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 111_tape74_Mr&MrsJimGreer_1973_06_11M001 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Triplett, NC Subject The topic of the resource Greer, James Calvin--Interviews Greer, Vera--Interviews Depressions--1929--North Carolina--Watauga Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-06-11 barks Caldwell County Great Depression herbs Jim Greer North Carolina roots sawmill sawmill community sawmill shack Triplett Vera Greer Wilkes County https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/62ff0f881d211e1dd7286bac7e86cd9f.pdf 3c4d128fa93bc3e7b08324153b558502 PDF Text Text ���������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 26 [June 1, 1917 - August 31, 1917] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 49.0MB 52 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_026_1917_0601_1917_0831 Description An account of the resource This diary includes 96 pages of entries for each day from June 1-August 31, 1917. He includes much information about Appalachian Training School. He mentions White Hall, a building still on campus at Appalachian State University today. He also included a program from the school’s service for students who were going to register for the military service the next day. This diary gives insight on the life of a teacher, church member, and involved community member. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1910s Appalachian Training School Brushy Fork Caldwell County Community Dr. E.E. Randolph Effie Ellen Butler Military Service Onward Christian Soldiers Poplar Grove Baptist Church Rev. D.P. Waters Ruth Jones Sunday School Supt. B.B. Dougherty tobacco Watauga County Public Schools White Hall https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/92bd43aeeb5657f48de1acad12750bde.pdf 407744b189f70a58136eecdb038921d2 PDF Text Text r? 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 68 [August 6, 1928 - November 10, 1928] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 79.4 MB 102 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_068_1928_0806_1928_1110 Description An account of the resource Andrew Jackson Greene kept this diary from August 6th through November 10th, during the year of 1928. Each day, Greene recorded entries about the weather, community events, friends and family visits. He also included entries devoted to Appalachian Training School, he even names some of the buildings still found on the Appalachian State University campus today such as Justice Hall and White Hall. Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--Watauga County Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1920s Appalachian State Normal School Avery County Boone Bristol Caldwell County court Dr. W.A. Stanburym Raleigh NC Edwin Dougherty Elk Park faculty meeting Hardie Lyons J.H. Highsmith Justice Hall Leroy Martin Middle Fork Church Miss Mary Hale Miss Ruth Rankin Mitchell County N.C. President Dougherty Reverend P.A. Hicks Vilas W.H. Brown Watauga County N.C. West Jefferson Wilkes County Yancey County https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/776e651607006f7c2be1ffa90c4ce5fd.pdf 73fe19397037e0f8798efe0465f94b90 PDF Text Text NRAL COMBINATION THEME AND NOTE BOOK MARGINAL RULfiD PUNCHED TO FIT STANDARD BINDERS No. 842-P Made Under One or More of The Following SPIRAL Patents 1516932-19420^6-19^5776—Other Patents Pending. �_^£-&-o-?C'C*- jL^ ^t&-t *•* A 6-f. ^/(/n-^ / ^L^C^rv^. ^ ^n*^- ^£ p . x^ -^K^-^-^^t^ ^_-^i--«^- ^—^ tr �u u u u u n u u u u u u n u u u u u u i H \H i VH m �r u u u u u n u u u u u l \i n n �Crt^&~~r~ <£? —<.~0<?+j �luuuununuunnunnnnHnnninunnm �*JxJ~ �nnnnnnnnnnnmnnmnnnnnnnnnuy �I ka ^ r> a fO \ \ W 5) nvmnnnmnnnunnnnnnnnmnunn1 <K x\ ^ fe �unuuunuuiuunuunnnnnnnnnninuv �e uunuunnuunnnnunnnnnnHmmnns f �iuuuuuuuuuunumnmnnnnnnnrnuv �umuuHumuuuuuumuuuuuuuuuuu �mwunuunuunuununnnnnnmnnms > �e kt • * nnuununuunnmnnnnnninnnmnnn1 r^o X7 �uuuuuuuuuunnnnnHnnnnHnnnnuv VI �c umuuuinuunmunnnnnnnnnnnnnn *r (M ~x �UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU1 �\ ^ Q A, 's v> 0 ^ > ^5 �c �Y i; . i ^ ^ ^ ii U t ^ ^ t Uit^tA ^ UiU U U U * * *U« * *\*U * i 4\*U*\*\*U*\» * U \ \ \k\^\ i\*\h U* * i U^ i * * i * « * * * U * U » U * \\* A * J ^ i i * ite ^ �lUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUlUUUU �'Uuuumuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu �uuuuuuuuuuuuuurauununnnnunn �11 i i �4.7 3s?--ff^t4>-~*-1 rZ^2-L%!3H*£. ^^ 4^/ (V*M?. ^ ^~& «/ /> st-^+*i-*^~r ' />, ^fa*> •^h'^*-r-<a /? c^X ^^f-- -p?-4^^ff) /> ~^M*-*°^]A~*- ~^rt^p-~~-r- —-CL**-»»_^O—z= &ce^Lt^_^ ^ J ^~M -<>%• /? 2--C-*"»-->*w /? —^fr' ^L^ryi^^y ^>ct^£*- frti^y ^^^1^. -jfefezr �tfftf. * * % % % 444 4444444 4444444 s o tffJLJLJLi i t l t l t t t f t f f f f f !t^t t 1 ^ * t t f l t i t t t t t t i t ^, t t . 44444444 �"~^~SL*4Z -J - 1 y^e> ^ " / V_0^- / '>^^j^-^a-^^- ' ')0~^~*— *—'&?^~ ^t^y^i--^y^f'^Ci^yO ~ff •(/ / j-Mx-^-zxi^-rTx^-^ ^t-^lf -*-~9~?r V -^-a'ff' -*^U-&Tf^~ -Tt^>~**i'lst^ -aff - �Mi !i ! t » i i > \ ..iiii t i. �—^-*t-c-^Tfl^#*t*. / ^L*- , / ^<^-^x-*^£-«^ ~^t^-^-t^ xLfcfc* ^£- —-ft*+S" . «c^?z ,yC-»t^<^- <# ~^V~?-r-?Z, •*- —^t^>— 1st,t-^&--' L^r-^^t^-f <£&£-*—*<-~-p, �amumnuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ��x3^u_y g^f'&L?. //2zr-T^ T " ' <f-?~-t*£y^' ^J tax.. ^£tUi _^-t-<^-->C--«>- o V • i^fLi~--0~f-^ 7/ - ^isi^tvL^ . y^'-t-e? ^e^-ef-f- /- /t~ ^-^ ^^If—-fa-&^£- f=^^fi~^^K^f- ^^Ljt^. -f-v-r-' ~~^fL-n~*r --^~ ^i^y^i / & ~~^fa*---r>*-*^' s^^-d**— ^/i^nt, ^€^%^T<-*- ^^^-jry--7*-**—7 —-«-=' ^C^-^HJC^^- _-<d^l_ at^-^-t/ s li?£t^tsi+*-^' 7&-<J ^£fLl~+-Ji-' ~^*^fTr^&-y~t- ^?i+-T*r~- ^T^-t™-* ^Jr-^z-ju^la ^£*r*dE ��uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuunmunHmm 1 �(*•• (J>st44^~ C -^^-^y^f . &*~r^ ^—^-ci_ ^ -AT -^ * /7 £*-^C4*j-o-~^ ^f �^^Tt^. ^-tx-^6^ ^£bj ^-^ ^£&^ �^ [ I ^. 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Title A name given to the resource Andrew Jackson Greene Collection Description An account of the resource The Andrew Jackson Greene Collection consists of more than 160 diaries written by Greene who describes Watauga County's education system, including Appalachian State Teachers College, cultural and religious life, and agriculture from 1906 to 1942. <br /><br /><strong>Biographical Note.</strong> Andrew Jackson Greene (March 2, 1883-August 12, 1942) was a life-long resident of Watauga County, North Carolina and instructor in several Watauga schools including Appalachian State Teachers College (A.S.T.C). Greene worked as a farmer, public school teacher, and college professor. Greene was an enthusiastic diarist maintaining regular entries from 1906 to the day before his death. He also recorded A.S.T.C. faculty meetings from January 9, 1915 to May 3, 1940. He married Polly Warren, and they had three children, Ralph, Maxie, and Lester. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190">AC.105: Andrew Jackson Greene Collection</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906-1942 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright - United States</a> Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/190" target="_blank">Andrew Jackson Greene Collection, 1906-1942</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 41.7 MB 43 pages Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 105_138_1938_0818_1938_0904 Description An account of the resource This diary was recorded by Andrew Jackson Greene from August 18 through September 4, 1938. Inside this diary one will find personal reflections and records. Greene recorded the daily weather, and his many travels. He also wrote each day about what he had done, observed, and heard. Through these writings one can find information about the many different areas of Watauga County from Vilas to Boone, including many landmarks such as Appalachian State Teachers College, and Willowdale Baptist Church. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Title A name given to the resource Diary of Andrew Jackson Greene, Volume 138 [August 18, 1938 - September 4, 1938] Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No Copyright – United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Watauga County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Greene, Andrew Jackson, 1883-1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Diaries Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. <a title="Andrew Jackson "Greene collection" href="https://omeka.library.appstate.edu/collections/show/39" target="_blank"> Andrew Jackson Greene collection </a> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Watauga County (N.C.) Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. <a title="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" href="https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html" target="_blank"> https://www.geonames.org/4497707/watauga-county.html</a> Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1930s Albert Wilson Ann Wilson Appalachian State Teachers College Ashe County Attorney T.E. Bingham Avery County Banner Elk Bethel Blowing Rock Boone Boone High School Orchestra Brushy Fork Valley Caldwell County Conly Glenn Cove Creek High School Dorothy Wiseman Dr. G.P. Eggers Ed Hodge Farthing Reunion Forest Crisp G.P. Eggers H.R. Eggers Henry Brinkley J.P. Hughes Mitchell County N.C. Oak Grove Baptist Church Oscar Whittington Shelton Dugger Sunday School Sunny Knoll T.C. Baird Valle Crucis Vilas Vilas Service Station Watauga County N.C. Willowdale Baptist Church Yellow Mountain https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/c0fda66486b11b32e32cefae4864f3fa.mp3 da32e4a686b13e86c5ca44db2778b99f https://omeka-test.library.appstate.edu/files/original/5344c91deed430f25c6ddcfaf3733297.pdf cc47525b342044c703215c0f6e88d073 PDF Text Text Oral History Transcript Appalachian State University • Collection 111, Tape 214 Interviewee: Charles Bolick Interviewer: Barbara Greenberg 21 June 1974 CB: Charles Bolick BG: Barbara Greenberg BB: Charles Bolick of Blowing Rock, North Carolina interviewed by Barbara Greenberg on June 21, 1974 at his home. Well, Mr. Bolick, Charles you… CB: Charlie, that’s my name and that’s Libby, my little darling over there. BG: You want to start out by telling me a little bit about where you were born and your family. CB: Oh, well…its just about ten miles from Blowing Rock over in Caldwell County. Mulberry Valley, a good farming community. BG: And did your parents own their land there? CB: Oh, yes. They owned their own home. BG: How much land did they have? CB: Oh, I think it was 150 acres in that place. My mother had a couple of hundred somewhere else. And, we just lived…that was all there was to it. We had to work. We had to do this, that, you know. And go barefoot, summer time us kids did. And we would get so danged tired playing, that if we stubbed a toe over a flint rock…the sparks would fly, that’s for sure. They would, we could light our way after dark by stubbing our toes. BG: How many people were in your family? CB: There was one little girl that died, I don’t remember her, I wasn’t even born yet. But there would have been eight had she lived. There were seven of us. Five boys, two girls. BG: What did your father do? CB: He was a farmer, just a plain homesteader. He had to be, like most of the people back those days. They had to be. They just had to do what they had to do and there was not much, as I understood it, not much money back in those days. The people, but yet the old timers they had to have cash to pay their taxes. And he told me that his father, my granddad, old granddad 1 �Abner, he had his own still. He used to make whiskey and he sold it at ten cents a quart, 40 cents a gallon, in order to get money to pay his taxes. That had to be in cash. Otherwise they could barter you know, the barter system. If we have something we have a little surplus of, we could swap to our neighbor who may have had something we needed. You know that’s the same as cash and sometimes I think maybe it was better off that way than it is today. The only thing we’ve got that isn’t worth anything is our dollar. Everything else is worth something today. BG: Especially the land. CB: Oh, Lord yes. Even the barrel box cost you 25, 50, maybe 100 dollars. Well, it’s a homestead; okay you got it from now on. We had to think of those things too. That’s permanent, to pay taxes. Those are the two things that will last right on through. BG: Till the end. CB: Yeah, just right on and on. BG: Well, when did you start farming? CB: When? Oh, I was about knee high I guess. Kept clearing new ground. We burned a lot of good wood, just piled them up, you know new ground. Logs, brush, everything. But farming, that is the way we grew up back in those days, we had to. BG: How did you decide how much of each crop you should plant? How did you know how much you would need for the next year? CB: Well, that was just a matter of what folks knew, it was experience. They would just plant what they thought and hoped they needed with perhaps a little surplus, you know. It was just that way. Sow turnip seeds, you know, when we were laying the corn by. They lay corn in the new ground we would sow turnip seeds, then pumpkin seeds. And maybe fill up an old hollow chestnut stump with turnips in the fall of the year. They’d keep maybe, if we covered them over good. Haul them out by the sled load, you know, and pumpkins, they’d break loose from a vine and go rolling just having a big time down the mountain. BG: Do you farm as much now as you used to? CB: Oh no, we just to a little gardening now. Just a little gardening and the better half does most of that right? I don’t see my way around too good any more. BG: were there ever any times when your family didn’t grow enough food and when you were hungry? 2 �CB: Oh yeah, we went through all that. We just had to make do without. The only things we bought back in those days was sugar and coffee and once in a while rice if we wanted to be real fancy, we would buy enough of rice for breakfast. But the rest of it we just grew on the place. And we raised our own hogs and killed a beef in the fall of the year, salt them. You know, we didn’t have all that fancy stuff, it was just plain salt. And some of the best eating. We made kraut, we raised cane, I mean the kind you make sorghum out of it. Well, we just had to make it or else we didn’t have it. BG: Did you have chickens and cows? CB: Chickens? Yes, and turkeys. BG: How were the chores divided on a farm? Did the boys do certain chores and the two girls do other things or…. CB: Oh, a whole lot like now. The girls did their share of the chores and the boys of course worked outdoors like gathering corn and hoeing corn and digging potatoes. And the girls were more interested in quilting or making their clothing. BG: Helping your mom in the kitchen? CB: Cooking, yes, exactly. And Lord knows the mothers had plenty to do back in those days. Besides raising a bunch of little heathens that we were. BG: Did you give your mother a hard time? CB: No, she was always our best friend. BG: That’s great. Did the Depression have very much effect on your family? CB: Well yes, it did to me. I wasn’t here then, I was out in the western country, but Lord it did hit out there. The Depression? Do you mean that 1928, ’29, ’30 Depression? It was tough. And it must have been rough on other people, because I was single then. I hadn’t been exposed to marriage at that time. So no responsibilities other than, well…I was working on this construction camp, and this friend of mine, Old Smiley Thomas, he said, “You know something?” I said, “What Smiley?” He said, “The times are getting better.” I said, “What do you mean?” He said, “They are making the hotcakes bigger and thicker.” Every morning, we were living in this boarding house; the hotcakes were bigger and thicker. Oh Lord, is that thing on? BG: Tell me, when you planted your crops in the spring of the year, did you know whom you were going to sell your crops to? 3 �CB: Oh, no. We were just growing them ourselves. BG: There was no cash crop? CB: Well, whatever we might swap with a neighbor for something, if they had a surplus of more that they needed. I’ll never forget one time my mother sent me over to old uncle Will Green’s. He’d always butcher a yearling, take down to the Grove Store and sell it on Election Day. That was usually in early November, the 6th I believe. And my mother said, “Charlie, go up there this morning and get us a good mess of beef. Your dad, when he goes for live beef, he always brings back part of the neck; the brisket they call it.” She said, “Get something better.” Well, I bought ten pounds of steak, 50 cents for 10 pounds, or five cents a pound. Well, I got back home with it and my mother balled me out for buying such expensive meat. Can you imagine that? She did. She said, “Charlie, I didn’t mean for you to buy such expensive beef.” I’ve thought of that time and again. Five cents a pound for good steak, just a yearling beef, you know not an old or a tough one or something. BG: Good eating wasn’t it? CB: Yeah, it was. But I couldn’t quite get over her kind of balling me out about buying such expensive meat, it was five cents a pound, ten pounds was 50 cents. And you know how I made that 50 cents? I used to help my dad run his still. BG: Did your dad run his own still? CB: Oh yeah, copper stills back in those days. They weren’t government inspected. We had a lot of fun. We talk now how to make apple brandy. BG: Tell me how you make it? CB: Well, you just grind up the apples and set them in wooden barrels and when it ferments and gets to the proper stage, before it turns to vinegar, you just boil it. Just distill and boil it. And that’s all it and you get something. It’ll be brandy tomorrow. And two or three sips, you could make a rabbit walk up and spit in a bulldog’s face. BG: Well, tell me…you don’t have to put any sugar in it? Just… CB: No, we didn’t then. We were not that smart. No, it just made more. It produces more. Like this old farmer was telling me about his corn crop this year. He said, “I’ll calculate that it will grow about 60 gallons to the acre.” BG: What do you mean 60 gallons? Did you mean 60 bushels? CB: No, we get two gallons to the bushel. So he figured it in gallons. Except one fall of the year, 4 �some of the neighbors got worried because he wasn’t going to their revival meeting at night. You know those country folk…back in those days; I guess here and there they’re still that way. My dad said, “Charlie, some of the neighbors are wondering why you’re not attending. Maybe you would better go down to the Bryant’s and sort of wash up a little bit and put you on a clean pair of overalls. Just shut the still down and go on to the church. That will take the pressure off.” Well, it did. It worked. BG: What was it like (running the still)? Did you have to hide this still a lot? Did you have to hide the fact that you had this still? CB: Oh yes, that was all way back in the cove, the little burner. Otherwise you would get “chopped down” as they called it then. The revenue agent, the IRS, the same outfit that collects our income taxes. They are something. BG: I hear they are bad people. CB: Well, we had a lot of fun. It was rough growing up in that time and day, but we did enjoy life, just like people do today. Just a little different style and manner that is all. We were ourselves, and they were themselves. Like the old saying out west, “Well men are men, and women are glad of it.” That’s the way it was then, down here at home, right through these hills. I wouldn’t mind living through it again, knowing what I know now. It was rough, but that was only what we had, so we had to live it. BG: That’s right. Do you think life today is harder or easier than it was then? CB: It’s much easier, but it’s too fast. Everybody’s in a hurry today. Back in those days you just didn’t rush through like they do it now, it’s the way I see it. Somebody asked me not long ago, “How did you do it? How did you hang on so long to life?” My answer is by not hurrying. The only time I ever got in a hurry in my life I was trying to stop. Just one time I got in a hurry. BG: Well what happened? CB: I had straddled a danged riled horse and he was running away with me. That was it. The next thing I knew I was sitting there looking at the other mountainside, blinking my eyes like a frog in a hailstorm or something. And didn’t know who I was or where I was. Two arms, one collarbone busted, and my head and neck bruised. They made me a trough to eat out of, I couldn’t feed myself. Well, I still like horses now, if you can imagine that after that one near beat me to death. It was a little two or three year old stallion. The horse was as gentle as a kitten, but he just decided he was going to have his fun, and he did. BG: How old were you then? CB: About 17 or 16. I was old enough to have known better. 5 �BG: Really? CB: When I look back at things like that its sort of amusing and, you know, if you didn’t have a sense of humor you wouldn’t have much. At least I wouldn’t. I sort of like that idea of taking things lightly, you know. Don’t be too serious about things and don’t get in a hurry. BG: Yes, you get by a lot easier. Talking about getting in a hurry, did people go visiting very much when you were a boy? CB: Not very much. Well, they did on Sunday. That was church day, you know…Sunday school. And that was the chance they had the whole week to see their neighbors. People would have this church group where they would get together and get acquainted again. And do a little gossiping sometimes on the side. But it was interesting. That was the only thing that we had to look forward to. There were no picture shows, no little league baseball. The only place where kids could go. Sunday morning we could put on our clean shirt and go to church without asking mom or dad, “Can we go?” That was understood, that was a part of life. They knew where we were going. We knew where we were going, there were no questions asked at all on Sunday morning. Do as you please, as long as you go to church. Well, sometimes as little boys we would always go to Sunday school first then church. Sometimes we would prefer the swimming hole that was about a half mile below the church. We would play “hooky,” I believe they call it. We sure did, but it was fun. Once in a while we would have to kill a water snake or something. BG: Does the water stay pretty cool up here all summer long? Is it warm enough to go swimming? CB: Well, this was down in Caldwell County about 2,000 feet lower than Blowing Rock. Down in the valley, John’s River Valley and Mulberry Valley, which was just under the mountain three or four miles away. Yes, up here the only way I would go swimming is to fall in and hope that didn’t happen. It’s too cold up here. BG: Pretty chilly. What about your schooling? Can you tell me something about your schooling? CB: Yes, ma’am. If I can remember. We had a three-day rain one time, way back in the teens. That’s a little further back than you remember I’m sure. It washed the foot-log away, and we were living on the wrong side of the creek. The schoolhouse was on my side. So I had to go to school for three days before they go the foot-log put back. BG: That’s the only schooling you ever had? Those three days? CB: Yes, that was it. Except for just reading the Boone Almanac and a few newspapers. BG: Where did you learn to read? 6 �CG: At my home by firelight. Preacher Savage used to be the Episcopalian minister here. I think that he was raised over somewhere in Allegany County. He gave me a book; the name of it was Treasure Island. I started reading it on Christmas morning, that was my Christmas gift, and I finished reading it about midnight. I just had my head buried right in that thing. First in my bedroom, then I had to go out on the porch, then upstairs. I was so danged scared I called my mom to show me to my bedroom after reading that book by firelight. The house was a bit crude, it didn’t have things so modern back then. That is, not compared with today anyway. Its like those old timers used to say it was “root hog” or “die them days,” and hogs didn’t root them like they do now. BG: What do you mean by that? CB: Well, hogs would just stick their nose in the ground and start walking. Now these days they have smarted up, they go “hunching along.” I’m sure that is going to be interesting now. BG: Go ahead. CB: Pardon? GB: I just said go ahead and tell me some more. CB: About what? BG: You’re doing just fine. CB: Well, thank you. I hope it will not create too many red faces. But, just thinking of things back those days like they were then and like they are today, there is really no comparison. Back in those das when I was a young fellow, we just had one-track roads. It was either a buggy or a wagon or a sled. Just right of the river. Most of the roads followed the creek bank, through the farm area. Back in those days farmers were what kept us alive and they couldn’t afford to give valuable level land, it was with corn or wheat or something for a road. That had been unheard of. BG: Doesn’t the way people used to utilize what they had, taking advantage of the land and misusing it? CB: Well, they just had to do it. Yes, we used to make molasses like I told you a while ago. Boil molasses, you grind the can round with an old cane mill, horse or a mule, or an old steer or something. That used to be my job. Pulling that thing, pushing him along, grinding candy. It took one complete circle for the horsepower to equal one turn of the cane mill. So it was a slow process. And it was just a toss up which one of us got dizzy first, going around and around. And lots of times we would have to take one out when it would fall. Put in a new one that wasn’t so disturbed, or something. 7 �And chestnuts, the forest full of chestnut trees then. It was a lot more fun to pick them up and road them in front of the old molasses boiler furnace. That was made it worthwhile was roasting chestnuts. BG: I don’t think that I’ve ever eaten any chestnuts. They are just not around anymore. When was it that the blight hit and wiped out all of the chestnuts? CB: When? Well, it was some sort of blight. It got all of tem. All of our original, now they are what they call blight resistant Chinese chestnuts. They are not too good either. I planted a few of those. They are a very poor substitute for what we used to have, our original chestnut trees. BG: When did this blight hit? Do you know what year that was? CB: Oh, it started when I was a kid. My granddad had a big old field he called his chestnut orchard. Great big old chestnut trees that were three or four feet in diameter and he would go out there and pick them up. He would just fell for them, but they started dying. I was probably ten years old, that’s a little while ago. Life was really interesting back then. It still is for that matter, but people are living so different today. Too much hurry. Too much, well just we’ve got to get there or we don’t, these days. And I don’t see where it quite, I don’t know…maybe it’s a wholesome life. That’s all people know. The young people these days, is what they’re living. Just like we did. The thing is its just different for us old timers. But yet its all the young people know. This is their life. And some of them are living it up a little bit. BG: Way too fast. CB: That’s what I would say. It’s no use hurrying through. It’s too short anyway. I’m not mad; I don’t know whether they quit. It just doesn’t work that way. BG: You’ve got a real good attitude. CB: Well, thank you. I have been that way most of my life. Like I say, if you didn’t have a little sense of humor, you wouldn’t have any sense. It all goes together. It works together. It’s about what you make of it, is the way I see it. But the main thing, don’t get in a hurry. Even thought it might be a lot of fun, don’t get in a hurry. Just go along in the agony. I’m going to tell you a little shady joke or two. You would be better put that on another tape. BG: All right. Can you tell me what a typical farm day was like? What time did you get up in the morning? CB: Sunrise or earlier. BG: And what was the first thing that you did? Try to remember one, a particular day and just 8 �tell me every detail about it. CB: Well, the first thing we would usually have breakfast. Mom would get up and cook breakfast. BG: What did she usually cook for breakfast? CB: Just whatever there was. Eggs, bacon, ham; we usually grew our own hogs and our beef. Just whatever there was. And turkey, once in a while we would have a stuffed turkey or something at Thanksgiving. But it’s just a plain country family. Get up and work after breakfast. Hoe corn; dig taters, whatever there was to do. BG: There’s always something to do. CB: There sure was. If nothing else we could on rainy days, we could get out there and straighten up old bent nails with a hammer. Straighten nails they call it, because you couldn’t afford new nails or anything. We made our own fence rails. We made our fences. We couldn’t afford buying barbed wire, it was called barbed wire. So the cattle and cows and everything they just roamed around through the pasture and the woods. And we would in the evening, our job as kids was to go out and round them up, bring them in for milling. Just plain country life. BG: What time would you come in to eat? CB: Before dark. We would usually be in by dark, after supper. Bread and milk for supper. It was wholesome, it was right good eating. And one time, I’ll never forget this. We had something different for breakfast. Usually it was cured meat, ham, and stuff like that, maybe salted bacon. But one morning, it was in wintertime, sort of cold. And mom left her old oven door open, this old range stove. Back in those days we used to have a cat hole in the door. Have you heard of that? A cat hole so the cat could come in or go out as he pleased. And some of them, before they got sort of wised up they would cut a little hole for the kittens. But by and by they found out the kittens could go through the same hole the old cat could, so they just cut one hole, a big one. Mom left the over door in a range cook stove. Two or three cats in there. It was cold, wintertime. They decided they would keep warn in that oven. Well, we got up way before daylight always every morning, and she closed the oven door and started the fire going. It was a wood burner, and by and by she heard this awful yowling. She started looking for the cats, they weren’t anywhere in there except in the oven and they were baking. That’s one time we came right near having a baked cat ham for breakfast! Well, mom opened the door. They left there so fast and both hit the cat hole at the same time and they jammed up in it and then they got in a fight. The hair was scorching plum in the woods! But we nearly had cat ham for breakfast that morning. 9 �BG: But they made it all right? CB: They pulled through it. They didn’t come back too soon; they stayed away a little while. BG: Wondering what these strange people are doing to them? CB: Well, this was just old country stuff you know. That’s all. Just like people used to live. BG: After you ate supper at night, did your family sit around together and have any sort of a family entertainment? Did anybody play a banjo or fiddle? CB: Well, there were not many musicians in our family. Two or three of the youngsters could kind of plunk on an old guitar. You know, just one at a time. But generally at that time of the day we were so tired we just went on to bed after supper, as soon as we could. Back in those days we had those old rope beds. They called it a corded bed. Instead of springs, we used just rope. BG: Were those pretty sturdy? Were the rope beds pretty sturdy? Did they hold the mattress firm? CB: Well our mattresses were “ticks” as they called it. Straw ticks. Filled with wheat straw. Well, by and by then they wore out we hat to put new straw in it. And the old bed, it could be any style shaped bed and ever so often those ropes had to be tightened up. My brother and I bunked together. One particular evening we got to bouncing around, the danged thing collapsed with us and the old headboard came over and caught. We were in a spot I’m telling you. Hollering, “Help! Help!” Mom finally had to go, she just died laughing, she had to come and lift the danged headboard off of us before we could move. I reckon we would have been there yet if somebody hadn’t moved. BG: What was the headboard made of? CB: Wood, it was all just old wood. BG: Were they all hand carved by somebody in the family? CB: Well mostly, yes. But there not so many factory made stuff back in those days. It was just you do it yourself you know. BG: Everything seemed to last a lot longer like that too. CB: We have an old one in here, but its modernized. It got springs and what not on it. Used to be in the family when I was a kid. You can see it after a while. BG: All right, great. I’d like to see it. 10 �CB: It can’t talk to you. If it could I’d touch a match to it I believe! BG: Don’t want it to tell any stories? Any old stories? CB: I don’t believe I would, don’t believe I would. Lib can tell you some stories. Now, any other questions Miss Barb? I’m just taking up a lot of your time? BG: Oh, I’m enjoying it. Its great. This is great. I want you to tell me some more stories, like the beds. I didn’t know about the rope beds. What was something else that is so different now than how it was? I don’t know like…rugs. Did your mother weave your own rugs? CB: She had some of those old wool cards they called it, you know…spiked things? And a spinning wheel and what not. I think couple of old spinning wheels as boys; we tore them up trying to make a sawmill out of it. Or tried to. If we had them today they would be worth something. But as kids, anything we could, we would tear up cloth and make a sawmill out of it. Just anything, kids, crazy. When the brains were passed around I reckon we just reached over and grabbed a bag of nuts, or fell out of the high chair or something! BG: Did your mother make all of your clothes? CB: Most of them. BG: What did she make them out of? What kind of material did she use? CB: They called it factory cloth back then. It was just plain old white cloth. The same kind of stuff they made covered wagons out of, the white stuff. BG: Canvas type cloth? Was it thick? CB: Well, it was made by a manufacturing company. It was thick and heavy. Well, that was the only cloth that I ever knew of, other than the overalls. Overall cloth could be bought then in the bolt. She would make overalls for us and shirts. And that factory cloth was the coldest underwear I believe. Even an Eskimo would have shivered if they put on a pair of drawers made out of that stuff! BG: Did they keep you very warm in the winter? CB: Well, after you finally got them warned up you would stay warm. They were all right, but golly they were cold to start with. BG: What about your shoes? Did somebody make your shoes? CB: Oh, we would get a pair a year. If we wore them out, we were out of luck until the next year. There were shoemakers back in those days, but my dad didn’t make any. His dad did, my 11 �old granddad. He used to make all the shoes and granny made all the clothes for all the young ones. BG: Did you know your grandparents very well? Did they live… CB: I remember my granddad real well. He died when I was about; I think I was eleven years old when he died. He was 90, somewhere in the nineties. I went to his funeral. BG: What was the funeral like? CB: It was country graveside; they just dug a hole and planted him in there. That was all there was to it back in those days. My daddy used to worry about that. He told Momma one time, he say, “We’ll, you know it would take a 100 dollars to bury the family.” There were seven kids and he said, “It will cost that to bury our whole family.” One hundred dollars, think of that. Well, an undertaker wouldn’t even sneeze at you these days for $100. BG: And then you would be buried anywhere you wanted. Is that correct? CB: Oh yes, family burying ground usually. Just anyplace on the hillside where it wouldn’t do to grow corn. Just plant them (people) there and they would stay. No questions asked. Nothing. BG: Did a lot of the neighbors come to the funerals? CB: Oh yes. Everybody for miles around. That was another one of those get together, like going to church on Sunday. But they were all there if you needed help. They would come and sit up with you and everything. That’s one think we don’t have that much anymore, very much. We still have friend s and neighbors, but back in those days you just had to do things. That was part of life, you know. BG: Showing each other. Kind of showing each other how you felt, helping them out when they were having hard times. CB: Oh, yes. It was just being neighbors and friends, that was all. We either stuck together or else we were gone. That was the way it was. Help each other. And sometimes I think its pretty nice way to live. Pretty good way to be friends and neighbors. Its still that way, but a little different…too speedy these days. Say, “Good morning” to somebody these mornings and then the next morning they say, “Oh, go to hell!” or something. Its just different than it used to be. Please excuse my language. BG: Oh, it’s quite all right. Well, you were talking a little while about the roads being just onelane roads. Do you remember when the first cars came to this area? CB: Oh, yes. They were those old Model T Henry Fords. You would crank one of the dammed things till the water boiled and maybe they would start. You know hand-cranked? Lord have 12 �mercy. The hardest work I have ever done in my life was trying to crank up one of those damned things. And then you would usually end up with a broken arm! The car would backfire if it ever did fire. That’s what this old Frenchman told me. He said, “I cranked the danged thing until the water boiled.” He was French Canadian. I said, “Dan, wouldn’t it fire at all?” “Hellfire, it wouldn’t even backfire!” he said. But that was your Model T’s. That was way back in the 1920s. BG: Did the coming of the car have much of a change on life? CB: Oh yes, it changed everything around. But it took a little while to do it. You know we still had plenty of chestnuts when they first came out. And beans and corn and there was no blight, there were no bugs. We didn’t have to spray, or dust or anything for our crop back then. But I reckon the Model T’s changed all that. They brought the bugs with them or something! BG: The pollution I guess it was. CB: Could be. I don’t know if this was so long ago. It’s hard to put everything together again, you know just at once. But sometimes I think maybe we would have been just as well off if we would have stayed with a horse and buggy. I can’t help but think of it that way. At least it suited me. And those were the good days if you didn’t mind sitting behind a horse. You could have a lot of fun on a date. Just as much fun as it is these days. If you didn’t mind sitting behind a horse. BG: What was courting like? CB: Courting? Just like it is now, I reckon. BG: Where did you go? What did you do? CB: Nowhere. You just go call on your date. You would sit at her house for an hour or two and then head for home. A little bit milder I reckon than what it is these days. I would say quieter. And you had to act respectable they called it back in those days. You had to be known in other words. If your date’s parents didn’t like you, you just didn’t date. That was all there was to it. You had to be a good neighbor and a good friend in order to have a date with whoever it was. BG: Did you have to ask the parent’s permission or did you ask the girl? CB: Well, that was usually understood. You knew if the parents didn’t approve of you, you wouldn’t be there regardless of what the girl said. But otherwise the courtship I would say was a little more modest back in those days. Less, what would you call it these days? permissiveness these days? 13 �No, that was unheard of back then. If a girl made a mistake, she was through. And they all, it seemed to be understood that way. They just very seldom ever made a mistake until they were married. And then of course, it couldn’t have been a mistake. End up in a divorce court, but very seldom. BG: Did they have many divorces back then? CB: Oh yes, the same then as now, but you were downgraded if you even though of a divorce. That was something unusual. People jus didn’t go for that. They just have to if they made a mistake. Well, they would sweat it out. Just tough it out. Rather, they were thinking of the kids. Family life in other words. Rather than degradation. BG: That sounds good. CB: Whatever it was. They just didn’t go for that back in those days. Nothing, they wanted to be on the “up and level” you know, keep going ahead. And it wasn’t a bad idea, I reckon. BG: Kept people closer together and family life more of a family. CB: Yeah, more of a close-knit family life. Rather than, I think these days that, I don’t know but it seems to me that the parents say, “Okay kids, just go ahead.” Without supervision or anything. Just to get rid of them, get them out of the house. “Go on, do what you want to do.” Well, they do. Especially if they have a sporty vehicle. Back in those days if we had a four-legged horse and a four-wheeled buggy we were, lucky. A buggy would be like a Cadillac today. BG: Were your parents very strict with you? Did you consider them to have been strict? CB: Well, they sure laid it on once in a while. I knew exactly where they were hitting too. BG: Is that what they would do for punishment? CB: Well, they would talk a little once in a while. But usually they were too dang busy trying to make a living that they didn’t have time to talk too much. But when they did decide to punish, they knew exactly where they were spanking. BG: What did they spank you with? CB: Oh, a paddle, broom handle, anything that was available. Just whatever was handy that would be it. Usually he palm of the hand. BG: It seemed to hurt the most I guess. 14 �CB: Well, like you said, I knew exactly where they were spanking. BG: Did your family dig roots too? CB: Dig roots? Oh yes, we used to dig ginseng. “Sang” we called it back then. S-A-N-G. Ginseng. That’s supposed to be a mysterious, great herb that the Chinese like so well. And then star root, and then we would also pull Galax. BG: Did the people use ginseng around here at all or did they just sell it? CB: I don’t know of anyone that used it, juts just one of those things. Maybe a few people do. I’ve found it. I’ve dug it up from time to time, but I don’t see that anymore. BG: I’ve got a few plants at my house. Got about four of them. Only one is getting a little berry on it. What do you do with the very if you want to say, increase your crop? CB: The seeds? BG: Yes. Are there seeds inside the little berries? CB: Yes, like holly berries. Same color exact. The ginseng is a pretty plant really, its just three leaves. And the seed part after they grow to a certain age, the seed comes up in the middle of he pant with al little flower, a little group of red berries. Those are the seeds. BG: Do you replant each of the red berries or is there just one, or several of them? CB: No, there are several in a little pod right in the center of this parent plant. And the birds sometimes plant them, or you can if you want to. And if a mole or something doesn’t get them, it’ll come up. My daddy used to have three or four old big hollow chestnut logs full of red soil that he grew ginseng in where we used to live. But the cultivated kind never did do quite so good as the just out in it s natural state in the woods. Well, the time it rained for three days, my dad’s old ginseng patch washed away. Those old hollow chestnut logs, they went down the river putting him out of the business. He said, “Well, I’ll just leave them where they are from now on, out in the woods in the cold.” Back in 1916, it rained so much that is caused a flood. Nearly washed everything thing down. The word got passed around, back at this time there were no telephones, but the word spread from one place to another. This old timer, our country church preacher got people together to pray at our little church for this rain to quit. He said, “Pray for the flood to stop.” It was really a rip-snorting flood! BG: Was it worse than the flood of 1940? 15 �CB: Yes, it was. I remember that one too. But in ’16 it was a little rougher. Well, it was rolling boulders half as big as this house down the little creek here. It just shook the earth, like an earthquake. Most of the foot-logs washed away. Finally one of the brothers said, “Well, looked like no more of us are going to get here. We might as well go in and start praying.” Then the preacher said, “We can go in and pray, that’s all right, but it ain’t going to do a bit of good as long as those clouds are coming from the north and from the southeast. It wouldn’t do a bit of good!” BG: Well, did you say it rained for three days? CB: Three days and nights. There was no let up to it. I was beginning to wonder what old Noah felt like. BG: Who felt like? CB: Old Noah, you know, the ark. I was beginning to look for a little mountain to climb onto. But the branches were all so full of water. I couldn’t think, or get to the mountain. One little branch of the creek above the house where we lived, it dried up every summer and it got so deep I couldn’t even wade. I was 19 years old and couldn’t wade in the creek because there was too much water in it. Rock, driftwood, everything coming down. BG: Did that hurt a lot of people for that year? Was it in the springtime? CB: It washed a lot of crops away. Corn and wheat, ruining so many farms down there in the valleys. A lot of the farmers they were do discouraged. They would have sold out if they could have found anyone to buy their place. But by and by they came accustomed to the change. Where rich level fields had been, it was nothing but rock. That creek was running everywhere. No sir, the bottomland as they called it. Nothing but rock. End of interview 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews Description An account of the resource In 1973, representatives from Appalachian State University (ASU) began the process of collecting interviews from Watauga, Avery, Ashe, and Caldwell county citizens to learn about their respective lives and gather stories. From the outset of the project, the interviewers knew that they were reaching out to the “last generation of Appalachian residents to reach maturity before the advent of radio, the last generation to maintain an oral tradition.” The goal was to create a wealth of data for historians, folklorists, musicians, sociologists, and anthropologists interested in the Appalachian Region. The project was known as the “Appalachian Oral History Project” (AOHP), and developed in a consortium with Alice Lloyd College and Lees Junior College (now Hazard County Community College) both in Kentucky, Emory and Henry College in Virginia, and ASU. Predominately funded through the National Endowment for the Humanities, the four schools by 1977 had amassed approximately 3,000 interviews. Each institution had its own director and staff. Most of the interviewers were students. Outgrowths of the project included the Mountain Memories newsletter that shared the stories collected, an advisory council, a Union Catalog, photographs collected, transcripts on microfilm, and the book Our Appalachia. Out of the 3,000 interviews between the three schools, only 663 transcripts were selected to be microfilmed. In 1978, two reels of microfilm were made available with 96 transcripts contributed by ASU. An annotated index referred to as The Appalachian Oral History Project Union Catalog was created to accompany the microfilm. The catalog is broken down into five sections starting with a subject topic index such as Civilian Conservation Corps, Coal Camps, Churches, etc. The next four sections introduced the interviewees by respective school. There was an attempt to include basic biographic information such as date of birth, location, interviewer name, length of interview, and subjects discussed. However, this information was not always consistent per school. This online project features clips from the interviews, complete transcripts, and photographs. The quality and consistency of the interviews vary due to the fact that they were done largely by students. Most of the photos are missing dates and identifying information. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-1989 Sound A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio. Artist Bolick, Charles (interviewee) Greenberg, Barbara (interviewer) Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:26, Making moonshine Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Charles Bolick, June 21, 1974 Subject The topic of the resource Bolick, Charles (1891-)--Interviews Farm life--North Carolina--Caldwell County--History--20th century Distilling, Illicit--North Carolina--Caldwell County Caldwell County (N.C.)--History--20th century Caldwell County (N.C.)--Social life and customs--20th century Description An account of the resource “Charles” Wesley Bolick was born on August 15, 1897 in the Mulberry Valley community of Caldwell County about ten miles from Blowing Rock, North Carolina. His parents were Emanuel (b. October 24, 1852 - d. August 16, 1926) and Mary Vienna Sherrill Bolick (b. April 1860 – d. August 27, 1934). He had four siblings and was married to Elizabeth “Libby” Gomer Bolick (b. October 7, 1881 – d. January 16, 1983). Charles Bolick died on April 29, 1996 at the age of 98. During the interview he talks about his parents and siblings, selling whiskey, making apple brandy, living off the land and making everything the family needed. He reflects on the Depression, and attending school. He also discusses making molasses, sleeping on a rope bed, courting, digging for ginseng, and the floods of 1916 and 1940. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bolick, Charles Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a title="Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989" href="https://appstate-speccoll.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/195" target="_blank">Appalachian Oral History Project Interviews, 1965-1989</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21-Jun-74 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright for the interviews on the Appalachian State University Oral History Collection site is held by Appalachian State University. The interviews are available for free personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that proper citation is used (e.g. Appalachian State Collection 111. Appalachian Oral History Project Records, 1965-1989, W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection, Special Collections, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC). Any commercial use of the materials, without the written permission of the Appalachian State University, is strictly prohibited. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 16 pages Language A language of the resource English English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <kml xmlns="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0"><Folder><name>OpenLayers export</name><description>Exported on Thu Oct 24 2013 14:08:22 GMT-0400 (Eastern Standard Time)</description></Folder></kml>||||osm Caldwell County (N.C) 1916 flood 1940 flood Blowing Rock Caldwell County car chestnuts cooking courting Depression farming herbs molasses moonshine Watauga County N.C. Whiskey